1
|
Xie ZW, Wang LJ, Chen H, Liang G, Yang XL. Accelerometer-measured sedentary volume and bouts during the segmented school day among Chinese school students. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:145-151. [PMID: 38435333 PMCID: PMC10907796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined sedentary volume and bouts of Chinese primary and middle school students during different segments of a school day and determined whether gender and school level are associated with their sedentary volume and bouts. Methods A total of 472 students participated in this study. Accelerometers were used to measure the sedentary volume and sedentary bouts of different durations (i.e., 1-4 min, 5-9 min and ≥10 min) during all segments. Results The participants spent the majority of their time in sitting (61.7%) and sitting bouts of ≥10 min (37.3%). They spent higher percentages of time in sitting during regular classes (76.7%) and out-of-school time (54.5%), and lower during physical education (PE) classes (32.2%), lunch break (35.4%) and recess (38.0%). The highest proportions of time were in sedentary bouts of ≥10 min during regular classes (50.2%), out-of-school time (28.0%) and lunch break (18.8%), while the greatest percentages occurred in sitting bouts of 1-4 min during PE class (16.4%) and recess (18.6%). Girls and middle school students had higher percentages of sedentary volume than boys and primary school students during most segments. They spent greater proportions of time in sitting bouts of ≥10 min during regular classes, lunch break, and out-of-school time, and higher proportions in sedentary bouts of 1-4 min than boys and primary students during PE classes. Conclusion Regular class and out-of-school time were identified as key segments for reducing sedentary volume and breaking up prolonged sitting. Interventions on interrupting prolonged sitting during lunch break should also be explored. Girls and middle school students should receive more attention in future interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-wen Xie
- Shanghai University of Sport, School of Physical Education, 200 Hengren Street, Yangpu District, Shanghai, CN 200438, China
| | - Li-juan Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, School of Physical Education, 200 Hengren Street, Yangpu District, Shanghai, CN 200438, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Shanghai University of Sport, School of Physical Education, 200 Hengren Street, Yangpu District, Shanghai, CN 200438, China
| | - Guo Liang
- Shanghai University of Sport, School of Physical Education, 200 Hengren Street, Yangpu District, Shanghai, CN 200438, China
| | - Xing-long Yang
- Shanghai University of Sport, School of Physical Education, 200 Hengren Street, Yangpu District, Shanghai, CN 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Buffey AJ, Hayes G, Carson BP, Donnelly AE. The Effect of an Electronic Passive Prompt Intervention on Prolonged Occupational Sitting and Light-Intensity Physical Activity in Desk-Based Adults Working from Home during COVID-19 in Ireland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6294. [PMID: 37444141 PMCID: PMC10341828 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of passive prompts on occupational physical behaviours (PBs) and bouts of prolonged sitting among desk-based workers in Ireland who were working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Electronic passive prompts were delivered every 45 min, asking participants to walk for five minutes, during working hours. Twenty-eight participants (aged 30-67 years) completed the six-week intervention between October 2020 and April 2021. PBs were measured using an activPAL3TM accelerometer, following a 24 h wear protocol, worn for the duration of the study. Participants were highly sedentary at both baseline (77.71% of work hours) and during the intervention (75.81% of work hours). However, the number of prolonged occupational sedentary bouts > 90 min was reduced compared to baseline (0.56 ± 0.08 vs. 0.77 ± 0.11, p = 0.009). Similar reductions were observed in the time spent in sustained sitting > 60 and >90 min when compared to baseline sedentary patterns (60 min: -31.27 ± 11.91 min, p = 0.014; 90 min: -27.97 ± 9.39 min, p = 0.006). Light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) significantly increased during the intervention (+14.29%, p = 0.001). This study demonstrates that passive prompts, delivered remotely, can both reduce the number and overall time spent in prolonged bouts of occupational sedentary behaviour and increase occupational LIPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan J. Buffey
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (G.H.); (B.P.C.); (A.E.D.)
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Hayes
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (G.H.); (B.P.C.); (A.E.D.)
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Brian P. Carson
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (G.H.); (B.P.C.); (A.E.D.)
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alan E. Donnelly
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (G.H.); (B.P.C.); (A.E.D.)
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zink J, Yang CH, Alves JM, McAlister KL, Huh J, Pentz MA, Page KA, Dunton GF, Belcher BR. Time-Varying Associations Between Device-Based and Ecological Momentary Assessment-Reported Sedentary Behaviors and the Concurrent Affective States Among Adolescents: Proof-of-Concept Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e37743. [PMID: 35687383 PMCID: PMC9233247 DOI: 10.2196/37743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on affective state-sedentary behavior (SB) associations have not accounted for their potentially time-varying nature and have used inconsistent SB measurement modalities. We investigated whether the strength of the associations between affective states and SB varied as a function of the time of day and by SB measurement modality (device-measured SB vs ecological momentary assessment-reported screen-based SB) in youth. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to establish a proof of concept that SB-affective state associations may not be static during the day. In addition, we aimed to inform the methodology of future work, which may need to model associations as functions of the time of day and carefully consider how SB is operationalized or measured. METHODS A total of 15 adolescents (age: mean 13.07, SD 1.03 years; 10/15, 67% female; 6/15, 40% Hispanic; 10/15, 67% healthy weight) wore thigh-mounted activPAL accelerometers and simultaneously reported their screen-based SBs and concurrent positive and negative affective states via ecological momentary assessment for 7 to 14 days (N=636 occasions). Time-varying effect models (varying slopes) examined how each measure of SB was associated with concurrent affective states from 7 AM to 8 PM. RESULTS Time-varying effect model plots revealed that these associations varied in strength throughout the day. Specifically, device-based SB was related to greater concurrent negative affect only after approximately 5 PM and was unrelated to concurrent positive affect. Screen-based SB was related to greater concurrent negative affect only from 7 AM to approximately 9 AM. This was also related to greater concurrent positive affect from 7 AM to approximately 9:30 AM and from approximately 3 PM to approximately 7 PM. CONCLUSIONS We provide preliminary evidence to suggest that future confirmatory studies investigating the SB-affective state relationship should consider the time-varying nature of these associations and SB measurement modality. There may be critical time windows when specific types of SBs co-occur with affect, suggesting that interventions may need tailoring to the time of day and type of SB if future studies using similar methodologies can replicate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zink
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chih-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jasmin M Alves
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kelsey L McAlister
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mary Ann Pentz
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen A Page
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Britni R Belcher
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saunders TJ, Rollo S, Kuzik N, Demchenko I, Bélanger S, Brisson-Boivin K, Carson V, da Costa BGG, Davis M, Hornby S, Huang WY, Law B, Ponti M, Markham C, Salmon J, Tomasone JR, Van Rooij AJ, Wachira LJ, Wijndaele K, Tremblay MS. International school-related sedentary behaviour recommendations for children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:39. [PMID: 35382828 PMCID: PMC8979784 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing sedentary behaviour guidelines for children and youth target overall sedentary behaviour and recreational screen time, without any specific recommendations regarding school-related sedentary behaviours (i.e., sedentary behaviours performed during the school day, or within the influence of school). The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of international evidence-based recommendations for school-related sedentary behaviours for children and youth, led by the Sedentary Behaviour Research Network (SBRN). METHODS A panel of international experts was convened by SBRN in November 2020 to guide the development of these recommendations for children and youth aged ~ 5-18 years. The recommendations were informed by 1) age-relevant existing sedentary behaviour guidelines, 2) published research on the relationship between overall sedentary behaviour and health, 3) a de novo systematic review on the relationship between school-related sedentary behaviours and health and/or academic outcomes, and 4) a de novo environmental scan of the grey literature to identify existing recommendations for school-related sedentary behaviours. Draft recommendations were presented to the Expert Panel in June 2021. Following thorough discussion and modifications, updated recommendations were distributed for stakeholder feedback from July 9-26. Feedback was received from 148 stakeholders across 23 countries, leading to additional updates to the recommendations. Following further rounds of discussion and updates with the Expert Panel in August and September 2021, consensus was achieved on the final recommendations. RESULTS A healthy day includes breaking up extended periods of sedentary behaviour and incorporating different types of movement into homework whenever possible, while limiting sedentary homework. School-related screen time should be meaningful, mentally or physically active, and serve a specific pedagogical purpose that enhances learning. Replacing sedentary learning activities with movement-based learning activities, and replacing screen-based learning activities with non-screen-based learning activities, can further support students' health and wellbeing. DISCUSSION This paper presents the first evidence-based recommendations for school-related sedentary behaviours for children and youth. These recommendations will support the work of parents, caregivers, educators, school system administrators, policy makers, researchers and healthcare providers interested in promoting student health and academic success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Saunders
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada.
| | - Scott Rollo
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Iryna Demchenko
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stacey Bélanger
- Digital Health Task Force, Canadian Paediatric Society, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Bruno G G da Costa
- School of Physical and Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Davis
- Physical and Health Education Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Susan Hornby
- Pan-Canadian Joint Consortium for School Health Secretariat, Summerside, Canada
| | - Wendy Yajun Huang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Barbi Law
- School of Physical and Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Ponti
- Digital Health Task Force, Canadian Paediatric Society, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chris Markham
- Ontario Physical and Health Education Association, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lucy-Joy Wachira
- Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ebrahimian S, Zink J, Yang CH, Yu Q, Imm K, Nicolo M, Dunton GF, Belcher BR. Momentary intentions and perceived behavioral control are within-person predictors of sedentary leisure time: preliminary findings from an ecological momentary assessment study in adolescents. J Behav Med 2022; 45:391-403. [PMID: 35362807 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies among adolescents conceptualize behavioral cognitions [e.g., intentions and perceived behavioral control (PBC)] as stable trait-like factors despite evidence suggesting they vary momentarily. We examined whether intentions and PBC momentarily relate to subsequent sedentary time during non-school periods. Healthy adolescents (N = 15, ages 11-15) reported their intentions and PBC regarding sedentary leisure behaviors via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) up to seven times/day for 14 days. Sedentary time in the two hours following each EMA prompt was measured by ActivPAL accelerometers. When participants reported greater sedentary intentions (within-person β = 1.1, 95% CI 0.2, 2.1, p = 0.0213) and sedentary PBC (within-person β = 1.7, 95% CI 0.6, 2.8, p = 0.0029), they accumulated greater sedentary time. This demonstrates that sedentary intentions and PBC are acutely associated with sedentary time among adolescents. Our findings highlight the potential for implementing just-in-time activity interventions among adolescents during at-risk periods within the day, characterized by deviations from one's usual intentions and PBC levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Ebrahimian
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jennifer Zink
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Chih-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Qihan Yu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kellie Imm
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michele Nicolo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Britni R Belcher
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street; Room 302F, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA, 90032-9239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miyazaki R, Ando H, Ayabe M, Hamasaki T, Higuchi Y, Oshita K, Sakane N. The CLOCK 3111T/C polymorphism is associated with hour-by-hour physical activity levels only on weekends among Japanese male and female university students. Physiol Behav 2022; 247:113705. [PMID: 35032497 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CLOCK 3111T/C has been shown to be closely associated with morningness-eveningness, such as sleep-wake rhythms in healthy humans. However, previous studies examined the physical activity (PA) in a single day, and no study has investigated the relationships between CLOCK 3111T/C polymorphism and PA for an entire week. It was hypothesized that the CLOCK 3111T/C polymorphism might be associated with diurnal PA patterns, especially on the weekends. METHODS Eighty-one university students (male, n=14; female, n=67; age, 20.4±2.9 years) wore a digital accelerometer for 7 successive days, including the weekend, to collect hour-by-hour objectively-measured PA. CLOCK 3111T/C polymorphism was assessed using the oral mucosa. During the study, participants recorded their wake time and bedtime each day. Furthermore, lifestyle-related variables (i.e. morningness-eveningness, habitual meal and sleep timings) were collected using questionnaires. Linear mixed-effects models assessed the association of polymorphism (TT carriers vs. TC+CC carriers) with wake time and bedtime as well as daily PA throughout the week (time). RESULTS TT carriers had an earlier wake time (weekly mean: 44 min [95% CI, -82 to -5 min], time interaction: p=0.026) and bedtime (weekly mean: 30 min [95% CI, -61 min to - 15 sec], time interaction: p=0.048) than TC+CC carriers. Furthermore, TT carriers' wake time and bedtime on Saturday were significantly later than on other days (gene interaction: all p<0.05). On Saturday, the hour-by-hour PA in TT carriers was significantly greater than that in TC+CC carriers (hourly mean 1.7 min [95% CI, 0.2 to 3.4 min], time: p<0.001, group: p=0.028, interaction: p=0.155). CONCLUSIONS CLOCK 3111T/C polymorphism may be associated with objectively measured hour-by-hour PA only on Saturday. Academic/social obligations may mask the genetically determined biological rhythm of PA on weekdays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Miyazaki
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue City, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Makoto Ayabe
- Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hamasaki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyushu Women's University, 1-1 Jiyugaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 807-8586, Japan
| | - Yukito Higuchi
- Department of Sports Science, Kyushu Kyoritsu University, 1-8, Jiyugaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 807-8585, Japan
| | - Kazushige Oshita
- Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cantwell M, Kehoe B, Moyna N, McCaffrey N, Skelly F, Loughney L, Walsh DMJ, Dowd K, McCarren A, Woods C. Study protocol for the investigation of the clinical effectiveness of a physical activity behaviour change intervention for individuals living with and beyond cancer. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 26:100882. [PMID: 35265769 PMCID: PMC8898780 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most individuals living with and beyond cancer are not sufficiently active to achieve the health benefits associated with regular physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to describe the study protocol for a two-arm non-randomised comparison trial conducted within a community-based setting, which aimed to investigate the clinical effectiveness of a cancer-specific PA behaviour change (BC) intervention, namely MedEx IMPACT (IMprove Physical Activity after Cancer Treatment), compared to a general exercise rehabilitation programme, among survivors of cancer. Individuals who had completed active-cancer treatment who were referred to a community-based exercise rehabilitation programme were invited to participate in the trial. Participants in the control group (CG) attended twice-weekly supervised exercise classes for 12 weeks. Classes were delivered as part of a chronic illness exercise rehabilitation programme. Participants in the MedEx IMPACT intervention group (IG) also attended the twice-weekly supervised exercise classes for 12 weeks and received cancer-specific materials, namely an independent PA programme, 4 PA information sessions and a 1:1 exercise consultation. The primary outcome was PA levels measured by 6-day accelerometry and self-report PA. Secondary outcomes included cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), quality of life (QoL) and sedentary behaviour. Outcomes were measured at baseline and months 3, 6 and 12. Few effective PA BC interventions for individuals living with and beyond cancer have been identified. The results of this study will have implications for the planning and provision of community-based exercise oncology rehabilitation programmes for individuals living with and beyond cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mairéad Cantwell
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, University Road, Athlone, Co Westmeath, Ireland
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland
- Irish Cancer Society, Ireland
- Corresponding author. Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, University Road, Athlone, Co Westmeath, Ireland.
| | - Bróna Kehoe
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland
| | - Niall Moyna
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Noel McCaffrey
- MedEx Wellness, School of Health & Human Performance, Dublin City University, ExWell Medical, Ireland
| | - Fiona Skelly
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, University Road, Athlone, Co Westmeath, Ireland
- MedEx Wellness, School of Health & Human Performance, Dublin City University, ExWell Medical, Ireland
| | - Lisa Loughney
- MedEx Wellness, School of Health & Human Performance, Dublin City University, ExWell Medical, Ireland
| | - Deirdre MJ. Walsh
- Department of Social Science and Design, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Ireland
| | - Kieran Dowd
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, University Road, Athlone, Co Westmeath, Ireland
| | | | - Catherine Woods
- Health Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Seall C, Tolfrey K. Breakfast Consumption Suppresses Appetite but Does Not Increase Daily Energy Intake or Physical Activity Energy Expenditure When Compared with Breakfast Omission in Adolescent Girls Who Habitually Skip Breakfast: A 7-Day Randomised Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124261. [PMID: 34959813 PMCID: PMC8705113 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With concerns that adolescent girls often skip breakfast, this study compared the effects of breakfast consumption versus breakfast omission on free-living physical activity (PA) energy expenditure (PAEE) and dietary intakes among adolescent girls classified as habitual breakfast skippers. The participants went through two 7-day conditions in a trial with a crossover design: daily standardised breakfast consumption (energy content: 25% of resting metabolic rate) before 09:00 (BC) and daily breakfast omission (no energy-providing nutrients consumed) until 10:30 (BO). Free-living PAEE, dietary intakes, and perceived appetite, tiredness, and energy levels were assessed. Analyses were linear mixed models. Breakfast manipulation did not affect PAEE or PA duration. Daily fibre intake was higher (p = 0.005; d = 1.31), daily protein intake tended to be higher (p = 0.092; d = 0.54), post-10:30 carbohydrate intake tended to be lower (p = 0.096; d = 0.41), and pre-10:30 hunger and fullness were lower and higher, respectively (p ≤ 0.065; d = 0.33-1.01), in BC versus BO. No other between-condition differences were found. Breakfast-skipping adolescent girls do not compensate for an imbalance in energy intake caused by breakfast consumption versus omission through subsequent changes in PAEE but may increase their carbohydrate intakes later in the day to partially compensate for breakfast omission. Furthermore, breakfast can make substantial contributions to daily fibre intake among adolescent girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kirstey Zakrzewski-Fruer
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1234-793410
| | - Claire Seall
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK;
| | - Keith Tolfrey
- Paediatric Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kariippanon KE, Cliff DP, Ellis YG, Ucci M, Okely AD, Parrish AM. School Flexible Learning Spaces, Student Movement Behavior and Educational Outcomes among Adolescents: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2021; 91:133-145. [PMID: 33368271 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To achieve sustainability, we must consider scalable improvements in student movement behavior in the classroom setting, educational priorities. Flexible learning spaces that employ student-centered pedagogy and contain a range of furniture and layout options, implemented to improve educational outcomes, may enable unintended health benefits. In this review, we summarize the evidence on the effects of flexible learning spaces on adolescent student movement behaviors and educational outcomes. METHODS We searched 5 databases, retrieving 5 quantitative and one qualitative article meeting the review criteria. RESULTS Students in flexible learning spaces spent less time sitting, and more time standing and moving. Students were also more engaged, on-task, and collaborated and interacted more. Academic results for English, Mathematics and Humanities for those in flexible learning spaces were higher than peers in traditional classrooms. CONCLUSION Evidence from the reviewed studies suggests that there may be beneficial outcomes across some movement behaviors as well as learning outcomes in classrooms that employ student-centered pedagogy and use a built environment that facilitates autonomy and choice around where and how to learn. These learning environments present an opportunity for an interdisciplinary approach to address sedentary behavior in classrooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina E Kariippanon
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Dylan P Cliff
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Yvonne G Ellis
- Early Start, School of Education, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Marcella Ucci
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, London, UK
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, School of Education, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Anne-Maree Parrish
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Compliance With 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in Hong Kong Adolescents: Associations With Weight Status. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:287-292. [PMID: 31945741 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the compliance with the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines among Hong Kong adolescents and its associations with body mass index (BMI). METHODS A total of 1039 adolescents (11-18 y) wore the activPAL™ for 24 hours for 7 consecutive days to assess physical activity (PA) and sleep duration. Screen time was measured using the Children's Leisure Activities Study Survey (Chinese version). Linear mixed models were performed for analysis. RESULTS The analytic sample consisted of 692 adolescents (53% girls). Only 1.0% of the adolescents met all of the recommendations. The proportions of adolescents who met the recommendation for PA, screen time, and sleep were 9.1%, 31.2%, and 38.6%, respectively. Adolescent boys who did not meet the PA recommendation (β = 3.36; 95% CI, 1.04 to 5.68; P = .001) and those who did not meet the combination of PA and sleep recommendations (β = 2.10, 95% CI, 0.64 to 3.56; P = .01) had a higher body mass index than those who met the respective recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Compliance with the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was alarmingly low among Hong Kong adolescents. Meeting the PA recommendation or the combination of PA and sleep recommendations was associated with a healthier body weight in boys.
Collapse
|
11
|
Nicolson G, Hayes C, Darker C. Examining total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour using the socio-ecological model - a cross-sectional study of Irish adults. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1155. [PMID: 31438911 PMCID: PMC6704626 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour (SB) has been linked with detrimental effects on morbidity and mortality. This study aims to identify the individual, social and environmental correlates of total sedentary behaviour and the contexts in which sitting time accumulates in an Irish adult cohort. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of data from 7328 adults of the nationally representative Healthy Ireland Survey. Ordinal regression analyses were used to examine participants' socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, physical and mental health status, perceived neighbourhood environmental factors, and their association with total daily sitting times and sitting times across the domains of occupation, leisure screen-time and transportation/leisure. RESULTS Overall median of sitting time per day was 450 min (7.5 h). Male gender, and living in an urban location were associated with increased total-, occupational, and screen-time sitting (p < 0.001). Younger age was associated with increased total and occupational sitting times (p < 0.001), while being older was associated with increased screen-time and transportation/leisure sitting (p < 0.001). Insufficient physical activity levels were associated with increased sitting across all domains (p < 0.001). Higher socio-economic classification and education levels were associated with increased total, occupational, and transportation/leisure SB (p < 0.001), while lower socio-economic classification and education levels were associated with increased screen-time sitting (p < 0.001). Alcohol consumption was associated with screen-time and transportation/leisure sitting (p < 0.01), while smoking was associated with increased screen-time sitting (p < 0.001). Being married was associated with less screen-time (p < 0.001) and transportation/leisure sitting (p = 0.02), while those with a caring role had less total (p = 0.04) and screen-time sitting (p = 0.01). A significant negative association between neighbourhood attributes and total (p = 0.04), and transportation/leisure sitting times (p < 0.001) was found. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide a starting position for development of targeted interventions aimed at the most sedentary, such as males with sedentary occupations in higher socio-economic groups and education levels, those with insufficient levels of physical activity and who live in an urban location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail Nicolson
- Public Health & Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Institute of Population Health, Russell Centre, Tallaght Cross, D24 DH74 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Hayes
- Public Health & Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Institute of Population Health, Russell Centre, Tallaght Cross, D24 DH74 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Darker
- Public Health & Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Institute of Population Health, Russell Centre, Tallaght Cross, D24 DH74 Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Compliance and Practical Utility of Continuous Wearing of activPAL™ in Adolescents. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2019; 31:363-369. [PMID: 30605620 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2018-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the factors that influence compliance and practical utility of a continuous wear protocols for activPAL™ among adolescents. METHODS Seven hundred and fifty-five (11-18 y; 50.6% girls) students wore the waterproof activPAL™ for 7 consecutive days. The effects of factors such as weather and practical strategies on compliance were assessed. Students were asked to note reasons for removing it in a log. After the 7-day period, students anonymously completed a practical utility questionnaire. RESULTS The final sample used to analyze compliance contained 588 available data points; 72.4% met the validity criteria, which were ≥4 valid days. Rainfall was inversely associated with total wear time, whereas using alcohol pads and cartoon stickers during the application were positively associated with total wear time. Sweating (25.2%) and skin irritation (39.0%) were the most reasons for 290 removal episodes by 235 students. The 131 questionnaires showed that 80.1% regarded the continuous wear period as too long and encountered problems, and 55% would rather not wear it again. CONCLUSION Rainy weather affected girls' compliance with the continuous wear protocol for activPAL™. Skin irritation and sweat-induced inadvertent drops caused removal. Future studies should investigate more user-friendly protocols.
Collapse
|
13
|
Associations of Sitting Behavior Patterns With Cardiometabolic Risk in Children: The Sit Less for Health Cross-Sectional Study. J Phys Act Health 2019; 12:856-842. [PMID: 31330500 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between sedentary behavior patterns and cardiometabolic risk in children using a monitor that accurately distinguishes between different postures. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 118 children (67 girls) aged 11-12 years had adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, and glucose measured, and then they wore an activPAL device to record sitting, standing, and stepping for 7 consecutive days. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders and moderate to vigorous physical activity, the number of breaks in sitting was significantly negatively associated with adiposity (standardized β ≥ -0.546; P ≤ .001) and significantly positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 0.415; P ≤ .01). Time in prolonged sitting bouts was significantly negatively associated with adiposity (β ≥ -0.577; P ≤ .001) and significantly positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 0.432; P ≤ .05). Standing time was significantly negatively associated with adiposity (β ≥ -0.270; P ≤ .05) and significantly positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 0.312; P ≤ .05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that increasing the number of breaks in sitting and increasing standing time are beneficially associated with cardiometabolic risk and should be considered in health promotion interventions in children.
Collapse
|
14
|
Arundell L, Salmon J, Koorts H, Contardo Ayala AM, Timperio A. Exploring when and how adolescents sit: cross-sectional analysis of activPAL-measured patterns of daily sitting time, bouts and breaks. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:653. [PMID: 31182044 PMCID: PMC6558889 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study describes patterns of adolescents' objectively-measured sitting volume, sitting bouts, and breaks in sitting during different days and periods of the day, and explored differences by sex and weekdays versus weekend days. METHODS ActivPAL™ data were collected in August 2014-December 2015 from adolescents attending secondary government schools in Melbourne Australia. Eight periods (early morning, mid-morning, morning break, late morning, lunch, early afternoon, late-afternoon and evening) were extracted for each day. School time, class time and out-of-school time were also extracted for weekdays. The percentage of time sitting, percentage of each hour in prolonged sitting (sitting bout ≥10 min), and number of sitting breaks/hour were calculated for each period. Differences by sex, and week and weekend days were determined using t-tests. RESULTS Participants (n = 297, 15.4 ± 1.6 years) spent 68% of their day sitting; ~ 30% of each hour in prolonged sitting and 3.1 sitting breaks/hour. Sitting time was greater during class time (75%) and school (70%) compared to out-of-school time (65%). Sitting patterns differed between week and weekend days for all periods except the evening period. Girls had higher proportion of sitting during class than boys (76% vs 72% respectively) and school hours (72% vs 67%), more prolonged sitting during school hours (27% vs 23%), and more sitting breaks per hour during out-of-school time (2.6 vs 2.4), but fewer during class (2.5 vs 3.3) and school hours (2.7 vs 3.3). Sitting patterns did not differ by sex on weekend days. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents spent two-thirds of their waking hours sitting, with distinct patterns on weekdays and weekend days. Even though boys and girls were exposed to the same school day routine, girls spent more time sitting and had fewer sitting breaks. Class times, school breaks and the evening period were identified as key intervention periods. Further research is needed to understand the behavioural differences, and guide future intervention design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Arundell
- Geelong, Australia, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria Australia
| | - Jo Salmon
- Geelong, Australia, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria Australia
| | - Harriet Koorts
- Geelong, Australia, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria Australia
| | - Ana Maria Contardo Ayala
- Geelong, Australia, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria Australia
| | - Anna Timperio
- Geelong, Australia, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zheng C, Huang WY, Wong SHS. Associations of weather conditions with adolescents' daily physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1339-1344. [PMID: 31063697 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Weather has been recognized as an environmental factor that affects daily activities. However, the effects of a humid subtropical climate on daily activity behavior are unclear. This study investigated the associations of weather conditions with physical activity (PA), sedentary time (ST), and sleep duration in a sample of 740 Hong Kong adolescents (mean age: 14.7 ± 1.6 years). The activPAL was used to assess the time spent during moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), ST, and sleep. Weather data (e.g., temperature, relative humidity, rainfall amount, and sunlight duration) were obtained from the Hong Kong Observatory. Linear mixed models were constructed to examine the associations of weather conditions with the durations of MVPA, ST, and sleep on weekdays and weekend days, respectively. The analysis included valid data from 561 students (51.9% male). Among Hong Kong adolescents, a higher relative humidity was associated with reduced MVPA on weekdays and weekends, more ST on weekdays, and a longer sleep duration on weekends. A longer duration of sunlight induced less MVPA on weekends, but a longer sleep duration on weekdays. On weekends, higher temperatures correlated with increases in MVPA and ST but a decrease in sleep duration. Rainfall correlated inversely with sleep duration and positively with ST on weekdays. The associations of rainfall with MVPA exhibited opposite trends on weekdays and weekends. In summary, the relationships between weather conditions and daily activities exhibited day-type patterns. The findings suggest that environment-controlled indoor PA should be recommended during weather conditions of high relative humidity and higher temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 00852, Hong Kong
| | - Wendy Yajun Huang
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, 00852, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 00852, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marmeleira J, Laranjo L, Marques O, Batalha N. Criterion-related Validity of the Short Form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in Adults who are Blind. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x1310700506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Marmeleira
- Department of Sport and Health, University of Έvora, and Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development, Portugal, Pavilhäo Gimnodesportivo, Prolongamento da Rua de Monsaraz, 14, 7000-727,Έvora, Portugal
| | - Luís Laranjo
- Department of Sport and Health, University of Έvora, Portugal
| | - Olga Marques
- Department of Sport and Health, University of Έvora, Portugal
| | - Nuno Batalha
- Department of Sport and Health, University of Έvora, and Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shakir RN, Coates AM, Olds T, Rowlands A, Tsiros MD. Not all sedentary behaviour is equal: Children's adiposity and sedentary behaviour volumes, patterns and types. Obes Res Clin Pract 2018; 12:506-512. [PMID: 30228035 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of different constructs of sedentary behaviours in relation to childhood obesity is uncertain. Thus, this study aimed to investigate relationships between volume, patterns and types of sedentary behaviour and adiposity in children. METHODS A case-control study was undertaken involving 234 children aged 10-13years who were either of a healthy-weight (74 boys, 56 girls) or classified as obese (56 boys, 48 girls). Percent body fat (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and waist-to-height ratio were assessed. Time, type (television, videogame, computer, eating, passive transport) and bout length of sedentary behaviours were measured using accelerometry and the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents. Time use (total daily energy expenditure, sleep, physical activity), age, household income and Tanner stage were covariates in sex-stratified partial least squares analyses. RESULTS Daily energy expenditure and income were negatively associated with adiposity for both sexes. Television time was consistently positively associated with adiposity. In boys only, prolonged bouts of sedentary behaviour and time spent playing video games/computer were positively linked with adiposity. Non-screen sedentary behaviour was negatively associated with adiposity in girls. Independent of total energy expenditure, total sedentary time was only inconsistently associated with fatness. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that (1) characteristics of sedentary time other than duration are associated with adiposity in children, and (2) associations may be sex-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rima N Shakir
- University of South Australia, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| | - Alison M Coates
- University of South Australia, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| | - Timothy Olds
- University of South Australia, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| | - Alex Rowlands
- University of South Australia, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia; Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - Margarita D Tsiros
- University of South Australia, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Wells EK, Crawford NSG, Afeef SMO, Tolfrey K. Physical Activity Duration but Not Energy Expenditure Differs between Daily and Intermittent Breakfast Consumption in Adolescent Girls: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Nutr 2018; 148:236-244. [PMID: 29490105 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is not known whether breakfast frequency affects physical activity (PA) in children or adolescents. Objective This study examined the effect of daily compared with intermittent breakfast consumption on estimated PA energy expenditure (PAEE) in adolescent girls. Methods Under a randomized crossover design, 27 girls [mean ± SD age: 12.4 ± 0.5 y, body mass index (in kg/m2): 19.3 ± 3.0] completed two 7-d conditions. A standardized breakfast (∼1674 kJ) was consumed every day before 0900 in the daily breakfast consumption (DBC) condition. The standardized breakfast was consumed on only 3 d before 0900 in the intermittent breakfast consumption (IBC) condition, alternating with breakfast omission on the remaining 4 d (i.e., only water consumed before 1030). Combined heart rate accelerometry was used to estimate PAEE throughout each condition. Statistical analyses were completed by using condition × time of day repeated-measures ANOVA. The primary outcome was PAEE and the secondary outcome was time spent in PA. Results Daily estimated PAEE from sedentary or light-, moderate-, or vigorous-intensity PA and total PAEE were not significantly different between the conditions. The condition × time of day interaction for sedentary time (P = 0.05) indicated that the girls spent an additional 11.5 min/d being sedentary in the IBC condition compared with the DBC condition from 1530 to bedtime (P = 0.04). Light PA was 19.8 min/d longer in the DBC condition than in the IBC condition (P = 0.05), which was accumulated from waking to 1030 (P = 0.04) and from 1530 to bedtime (P = 0.03). There were no significant differences in time spent in moderate PA or vigorous PA between the conditions. Conclusions Adolescent girls spent more time in light PA before 1030 and after school and spent less time sedentary after school when a standardized breakfast was consumed daily than when consumed intermittently across 7 d. However, breakfast manipulation did not affect estimated daily PAEE. This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN74579070.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Zakrzewski-Fruer
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma K Wells
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha S G Crawford
- Pediatric Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Sahar M O Afeef
- Pediatric Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Tolfrey
- Pediatric Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Loprinzi PD, Edwards MK. Less sitting, more physical activity and higher cardiorespiratory fitness: associations with weight status among a national sample of children. Health Promot Perspect 2017; 7:175-177. [PMID: 28695107 PMCID: PMC5497370 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2017.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Very few studies have evaluated the independent and combined associations of sedentary behavior (SB), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on obesity. Our recent work has evaluated this paradigm in the adult population,but no study has evaluated this paradigm in the child population, which was the purpose of this study. Methods: A national sample of children (N=680, 6-11 years) were evaluated via the National Youth Fitness Survey; this study was conducted in 2012, employing a nationally representative sample, occurring across 15 different geographic regions in the United States. SB and MVPA were assessed via parental recall, with CRF objectively measured via a treadmill-based aerobic test. Obesity was determined for measured body mass index. A PACS (Physical Activity Cardiorespiratory Sedentary) score was created ranging from 0-3, indicating each child's number of positive characteristics (PA, CRF, SB). Results: Meeting MVPA guidelines (OR adjusted=0.47; 95% CI: 0.29-0.77) and above-median CRF (OR adjusted=0.12; 95% CI: 0.07-0.21), but not SB (OR adjusted=0.62; 95% CI: 0.35-1.10),were associated with reduced odds of obesity. Compared to those with a PACS score of 0, the odds of obesity for PACS scores of 1-3, respectively, were: 0.31 (0.18-0.53), 0.12 (0.04-0.34), and 0.05 (0.02-0.10). Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for public health strategies to promote child MVPA and CRF, and to reduce SB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Jackson Heart Study Vanguard Center of Oxford, Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Meghan K Edwards
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Verloigne M, Ridgers ND, Chinapaw M, Altenburg TM, Bere E, Van Lippevelde W, Cardon G, Brug J, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Patterns of objectively measured sedentary time in 10- to 12-year-old Belgian children: an observational study within the ENERGY-project. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:147. [PMID: 28615079 PMCID: PMC5471712 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the frequency of and differences in sedentary bouts of different durations and the total time spent in sedentary bouts on a weekday, a weekend day, during school hours, during after-school hours and in the evening period in a sample of 10- to 12-year-old Belgian children. METHODS Accelerometer data were collected as part of the ENERGY-project in Belgium (n = 577, 10.9 ± 0.7 years, 53% girls) in 2011. Differences in total sedentary time, sedentary bouts of 2-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and ≥30 min and total time accumulated in those bouts were examined on a weekday, a weekend day, during school hours, during after-school hours and in the evening period, using multilevel analyses in MLwiN 2.22. RESULTS More than 60% of the participants' waking time was spent sedentary. Children typically engaged in short sedentary bouts of 2-5 and 5-10 min, which contributed almost 50% towards their total daily sedentary time. Although the differences were very small, children engaged in significantly fewer sedentary bouts of nearly all durations during after-school hours compared to during school hours and in the evening period. Children also engaged in significantly fewer sedentary bouts of 5-10, 10-20, and 20-30 min per hour on a weekend day than on a weekday. CONCLUSIONS Although primary school children spend more than 60% of their waking time sedentary, they generally engaged in short sedentary bouts. Children's sedentary bouts were slightly longer on weekdays, particularly during school hours and in the evening period, although the differences were very small. These results suggest that in this age group, interventions focusing on reducing total sedentary time rather than interrupting prolonged sedentary time are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Verloigne
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Nicola D Ridgers
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Burwood, Australia
| | - Mai Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health & Care Research, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teatske M Altenburg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health & Care Research, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elling Bere
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johannes Brug
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health & Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wafa SW, Aziz NN, Shahril MR, Halib H, Rahim M, Janssen X. Measuring the Daily Activity of Lying Down, Sitting, Standing and Stepping of Obese Children Using the ActivPALTM Activity Monitor. J Trop Pediatr 2017; 63:98-103. [PMID: 27539845 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmw052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the patterns of objectively measured sitting, standing and stepping in obese children using the activPALTM and highlights possible differences in sedentary levels and patterns during weekdays and weekends. Sixty-five obese children, aged 9-11 years, were recruited from primary schools in Terengganu, Malaysia. Sitting, standing and stepping were objectively measured using an activPALTM accelerometer over a period of 4-7 days. Obese children spent an average of 69.6% of their day sitting/lying, 19.1% standing and 11.3% stepping. Weekdays and weekends differed significantly in total time spent sitting/lying, standing, stepping, step count, number of sedentary bouts and length of sedentary bouts (p < 0.05, respectively). Obese children spent a large proportion of their time sedentarily, and they spent more time sedentarily during weekends compared with weekdays. This study on sedentary behaviour patterns presents valuable information for designing and implementing strategies to decrease sedentary time among obese children, particularly during weekends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Wajihah Wafa
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadzirah Aziz
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Razif Shahril
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hasmiza Halib
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Marhasiyah Rahim
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Xanne Janssen
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Criterion-related validity of the short form of the international physical activity questionnaire in adults who are Deaf. Disabil Health J 2017; 10:33-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
23
|
Winkler EAH, Bodicoat DH, Healy GN, Bakrania K, Yates T, Owen N, Dunstan DW, Edwardson CL. Identifying adults' valid waking wear time by automated estimation in activPAL data collected with a 24 h wear protocol. Physiol Meas 2016; 37:1653-1668. [PMID: 27652827 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/37/10/1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The activPAL monitor, often worn 24 h d-1, provides accurate classification of sitting/reclining posture. Without validated automated methods, diaries-burdensome to participants and researchers-are commonly used to ensure measures of sedentary behaviour exclude sleep and monitor non-wear. We developed, for use with 24 h wear protocols in adults, an automated approach to classify activity bouts recorded in activPAL 'Events' files as 'sleep'/non-wear (or not) and on a valid day (or not). The approach excludes long periods without posture change/movement, adjacent low-active periods, and days with minimal movement and wear based on a simple algorithm. The algorithm was developed in one population (STAND study; overweight/obese adults 18-40 years) then evaluated in AusDiab 2011/12 participants (n = 741, 44% men, aged >35 years, mean ± SD 58.5 ± 10.4 years) who wore the activPAL3™ (7 d, 24 h d-1 protocol). Algorithm agreement with a monitor-corrected diary method (usual practice) was tested in terms of the classification of each second as waking wear (Kappa; κ) and the average daily waking wear time, on valid days. The algorithm showed 'almost perfect' agreement (κ > 0.8) for 88% of participants, with a median kappa of 0.94. Agreement varied significantly (p < 0.05, two-tailed) by age (worsens with age) but not by gender. On average, estimated wear time was approximately 0.5 h d-1 higher than by the diary method, with 95% limits of agreement of approximately this amount ±2 h d-1. In free-living data from Australian adults, a simple algorithm developed in a different population showed 'almost perfect' agreement with the diary method for most individuals (88%). For several purposes (e.g. with wear standardisation), adopting a low burden, automated approach would be expected to have little impact on data quality. The accuracy for total waking wear time was less and algorithm thresholds may require adjustments for older populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A H Winkler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Arundell L, Fletcher E, Salmon J, Veitch J, Hinkley T. A systematic review of the prevalence of sedentary behavior during the after-school period among children aged 5-18 years. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:93. [PMID: 27549588 PMCID: PMC4994288 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Independent of physical activity levels, youth sedentary behaviors (SB) have negative health outcomes. SB prevalence estimates during discretionary periods of the day (e.g., after-school), inform the need for targeted period-specific interventions. This systematic review aimed to determine children's and adolescents' SB prevalence during the after-school period. METHODS A computerized search was conducted in October 2015 (analysed November 2015). Inclusion criteria were: published in a peer-reviewed English journal; participants aged 5-18 years; measured overall after-school sedentary time (ST) objectively, and/or specific after-school SBs (e.g., TV viewing) objectively or subjectively; and provided the percentage of the after-school period spent in ST/SB or duration of behavior and period to calculate this. Where possible, findings were analyzed by location (e.g., after-school care/'other' locations). The PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies were included: 24 included children (≤12 years), four assessed adolescents (>12 years) and one included both; 20 assessed ST and nine assessed SB. On average, children spent 41% and 51% of the after-school period in ST when at after-school care and other locations respectively. Adolescents spent 57% of the after-school period in ST. SBs that children and adolescents perform include: TV viewing (20% of the period), non-screen based SB (including homework; 20%), screen-based SB (including TV viewing; 18%), homework/academics (13%), motorised transport (12%), social SB (9%), and screen-based SB (excluding TV viewing; 6%). CONCLUSION Children spent up to half of the after-school period in ST and this is higher among adolescents. A variety of screen- and non-screen based SBs are performed after school, providing key targets for interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42015010437.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Arundell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Elly Fletcher
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Jenny Veitch
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Trina Hinkley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sudholz B, Timperio A, Ridgers ND, Dunstan DW, Baldock R, Holland B, Salmon J. The Impact and Feasibility of Introducing Height-Adjustable Desks on Adolescents' Sitting in a Secondary School Classroom. AIMS Public Health 2016; 3:274-287. [PMID: 29546162 PMCID: PMC5690354 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2016.2.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Children spend over 60% of their school day sitting; much of this occurs in the classroom. Emerging research has examined the impact of environmental interventions on classroom sitting. While this research is promising, it has predominantly focused on the primary school setting. This study examined the impact and feasibility of height-adjustable desks on time spent sitting/standing during classroom lessons in a secondary school. Traditional desks in a Melbourne secondary school classroom were replaced with 27 height-adjustable desks (intervention classroom). Forty-three adolescents (51% male; mean age 13.7 ± 1.4 years) from Grades 7, 9 and 10 wore an inclinometer and accelerometer for schooldays and completed a survey after using the desks during lessons for seven weeks. Ten teachers (50% male) completed a survey. Time spent sitting, standing, and the length of sitting bouts were compared between periods when adolescents were in the intervention classroom versus traditional classrooms (matched on teacher and subject). Compared to the traditional classroom, adolescents spent 25% less time sitting and 24% more time standing in the intervention classroom (effect size > 0.8), and had a greater frequency of short sitting bouts and fewer longer bouts. The majority of teachers (71%) and students (70%) reported wanting to continue to use the height-adjustable desks. When standing during lessons, adolescents reported working well (69%); however, a third reported difficulties paying attention (28%) and becoming distracted (36%). Few teachers reported negative influences on adolescents' ability to work (14%) and concentrate (14%). Half the adolescents reported leg, or back pain with standing. Introducing height-adjustable desks resulted in lower levels of sitting compared with traditional classrooms, was acceptable and had some adverse effects on concentration and discomfort. The study provides preliminary evidence that height-adjustable desks may help reduce prolonged sitting in school among adolescents. Future research should incorporate a control group and explore behavioural and academic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn Sudholz
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences
| | - Anna Timperio
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences
| | - Nicola D. Ridgers
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences
| | - David W. Dunstan
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Malvern East, VIC, Australia
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, The Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rick Baldock
- The Australian Council for Health and Physical Education, South Australian Branch, SA, Australia
| | - Bernie Holland
- The Australian Council for Health and Physical Education, Victorian Branch, SA, Australia
| | - Jo Salmon
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hildebrand M, VAN Hees VT, Hansen BH, Ekelund U. Age group comparability of raw accelerometer output from wrist- and hip-worn monitors. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 46:1816-24. [PMID: 24887173 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aims were to compare raw triaxial accelerometer output from ActiGraph GT3X+ (AG) and GENEActiv (GA) placed on the hip and the wrist and to develop regression equations for estimating energy expenditure. METHODS Thirty children (7-11 yr) and 30 adults (18-65 yr) completed eight activities (ranging from lying to running) while wearing one AG and one GA on the hip and the wrist. Oxygen consumption (V˙O2) was measured with indirect calorimetry. Analysis involved the use of ANOVA to examine the effect of activity, brand, and placement on the acceleration values, intraclass correlation coefficient to evaluate the agreement between the two brands and placements, and linear regression to establish intensity thresholds. RESULTS A significant difference in acceleration values between the hip and the wrist placement was found (P < 0.001). The output from the wrist placement was, in general, higher compared with that from the hip. There was no main effect of monitor brand in adults (P < 0.12) and children (P < 0.73), and the intraclass correlation coefficient showed a strong agreement (0.96-0.99). However, a three-way interaction and systematic error between the brands was found in children. Acceleration from both brands and placements showed a strong correlation with V˙O2. The intensity classification accuracy of the developed thresholds for both brands and placements was, in general, higher for adults compared with that for children and was greater for sedentary/light (93%-97%), and vigorous activities (68%-92%) than that for moderate activities (33%-59%). CONCLUSIONS Accelerometer outputs from AG and GA seem comparable when attached to the same body location in adults, whereas inconsistent differences are apparent between the two brands and placements in children, hence limiting the comparability between brands in this age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hildebrand
- 1Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NORWAY; 2MoveLab-Physical Activity and Exercise Research, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UNITED KINGDOM; and 3Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gomes TN, Hedeker D, dos Santos FK, Pereira S, Katzmarzyk PT, Maia JAR. Why Are Children Different in Their Daily Sedentariness? An Approach Based on the Mixed-Effects Location Scale Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132192. [PMID: 26230652 PMCID: PMC4521850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the between- and within-individual variability in sedentary time over seven days, using a mixed-effects location scale model. The sample comprised 686 Portuguese children (381 girls) aged 9–11 years, from 23 schools. Sedentary time was estimated by the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer, which was used 24 hours/day for 7 consecutive days; height, sitting height, and weight were measured, BMI was computed (WHO cut-points were used to classify subjects as normal weight or overweight/obese), and maturity offset was estimated. Information regarding the home environment was obtained by questionnaire. Results revealed that (i) children were more sedentary on Friday, but less so on Saturday and Sunday (compared to Monday), with significant variation between- and within-subjects (between-subject variance=0.800, within-subject variance=1.793, intra-subject correlation=0.308); (ii) there is a sex effect on sedentariness, with boys being less sedentary than girls (p<0.001), and the between-subject variance was 1.48 times larger for boys than girls; (iii) in terms of the within-subject variance, or erraticism, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday have similar erraticism levels as Monday (Thursday has less, while Saturday and Sunday have more); in addition, girls (variance ratio=0.632, p<0.001), overweight/obese children (variance ratio=0.861, p=0.019), and those later mature (variance ratio=0.849, p=0.013) have less erraticism than their counterparts; (iv) the within-subject variance varied significantly across subjects (scale std dev=0.342±0.037, p<0.001); and (v) in the fixed part of the model, only biological maturation was positively related to sedentariness. This study demonstrated that there is significant between- and within-subject variability in sedentariness across a whole week. This implies that a focus on intra-individual variability, instead of only on mean values, would provide relevant information towards a more complete map of children’s sedentary behaviour, which can be helpful when developing more efficient strategies to reduce sedentariness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thayse Natacha Gomes
- Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFID), Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fernanda Karina dos Santos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sara Pereira
- Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFID), Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - José A. R. Maia
- Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFID), Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Are BMI and Sedentariness Correlated? A Multilevel Study in Children. Nutrients 2015; 7:5889-904. [PMID: 26193311 PMCID: PMC4517035 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sedentariness (Sed) in children and to examine the influence of child and school correlates on their variation. The sample comprises 580 children (337 girls, 9-11 years). Sedentariness was assessed with an accelerometer, and BMI was computed. Child- and school-level covariates were analyzed using multilevel models. No significant correlation between Sed and BMI was found. School context explains 5% and 1.5% of the total variance in Sed and BMI, respectively. At the child level, only moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with both Sed (β = -0.02 ± 0.002) and BMI (β = -0.005 ± 0.002). Sleep time is related to Sed (β = -0.42 ± 0.04), while sex (β = 1.97 ± 0.13), biological maturity (β = 1.25 ± 0.07), media in the bedroom (β = 0.26 ± 0.08) and healthy (β = -0.09 ± 0.03) and unhealthy (β = -0.07 ± 0.04) diet scores were associated with BMI. None of the school-level covariates were related to BMI, but access to cafeteria (β = -0.97 ± 0.25), playground equipment (β = -0.67 ± 0.20) and restaurants (β = 0.16 ± 0.08) were related to Sed. In conclusion, Sed and BMI were not correlated. Further, they have different correlates, while children's traits seem to play more relevant roles in their differences in Sed and BMI than the school milieu. This information should be taken into account when strategies to reduce Sed and BMI are implemented.
Collapse
|
29
|
Loprinzi PD, Cardinal BJ, Lee H, Tudor-Locke C. Markers of adiposity among children and adolescents: implications of the isotemporal substitution paradigm with sedentary behavior and physical activity patterns. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:46. [PMID: 26034720 PMCID: PMC4450975 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine the association between daily movement patterns and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry-determined body fat percent (DXA-BF%) among children and adolescents while applying both traditional and novel analytical procedures. Methods Using data from the cross-sectional 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 5607), physical activity was assessed via accelerometry, with the following movement patterns assessed: 1) meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines and engaging in more light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) than sedentary behavior (SB); 2) meeting MVPA guidelines, but engaging in less LIPA than SB; 3) not meeting MVPA guidelines, but engaging in more LIPA than SB; and 4) not meeting MVPA guidelines and engaging in less LIPA than SB. Various markers of adiposity (e.g., DXA-BF%) were assessed. Results Children in movement pattern 1 (52 %), compared to those in movement pattern 4, had significantly lower levels of BMI (∆ 2.2 kg/m2), waist circumference (∆ 6.5 cm), tricep skinfold (∆ 4.2 mm), subscapularis skinfold (∆ 2.6 mm), android BF% (∆ 7.6 %), gynoid BF% (∆ 5.1 %), and total BF% (∆ 5.2 %). Substituting 60 min/day of SB with MVPA resulted in a 4.6 % decreased estimate of total DXA-BF%. No findings were significant for adolescents. Conclusions The low proportion of children engaging in ≥ 60 min/day of MVPA and accumulating relatively more LIPA than SB had the lowest DXA-BF%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Center for Health Behavior Research, School of Applied Sciences, The University of Mississippi, 215 Turner Center, University, MS USA
| | - Bradley J Cardinal
- Program in Exercise and Sport Science, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Hyo Lee
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Catrine Tudor-Locke
- Walking Behavior Laboratory, Population and Public Health Sciences, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim Y, Welk GJ, Braun SI, Kang M. Extracting objective estimates of sedentary behavior from accelerometer data: measurement considerations for surveillance and research applications. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118078. [PMID: 25658473 PMCID: PMC4319840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerometer-based activity monitors are widely used in research and surveillance applications for quantifying sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA). Considerable research has been done to refine methods for assessing PA, but relatively little attention has been given to operationalizing SB parameters (i.e., sedentary time and breaks) from accelerometer data - particularly in relation to health outcomes. This study investigated: (a) the accrued patterns of sedentary time and breaks; and (b) the associations of sedentary time and breaks in different bout durations with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS Accelerometer data on 5,917 adults from the National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006 were used. Sedentary time and breaks at different bout durations (i.e., 1, 2-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-24, 25-29, and ≥ 30-min) were obtained using a threshold of < 100 counts per minute. Sedentary time and breaks were regressed on cardiovascular risk factors (waist circumference, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and body mass index across bout durations. RESULTS The results revealed that the majority of sedentary time occurred within relatively short bout durations (≈ 70% and ≈ 85% for < 5-min and < 10-min, respectively). The associations of sedentary time and breaks with health outcomes varied depending on how bout time was defined. Estimates of SB parameters based on bout durations of 5 min or shorter were associated with reduced cardiovascular risk factors while durations longer than 10-min were generally associated with increased risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that the duration of sedentary bouts should be further considered when operationalizing the SB parameters from accelerometer data. The threshold of 5 minutes to define a bout is defensible, but a 10 minute threshold would provide a more conservative estimate to clearly capture the prolonged nature of sedentary behavior. Additional research is needed to determine the relative sensitivity and specificity of these thresholds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngdeok Kim
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gregory J. Welk
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Saori I. Braun
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Minsoo Kang
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Altenburg TM, de Niet M, Verloigne M, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Androutsos O, Manios Y, Kovacs E, Bringolf-Isler B, Brug J, Chinapaw MJM. Occurrence and duration of various operational definitions of sedentary bouts and cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic health indicators: the ENERGY-project. Prev Med 2015; 71:101-6. [PMID: 25535676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the occurrence and duration of sedentary bouts and explored the cross-sectional association with health indicators in children applying various operational definitions of sedentary bouts. METHODS Accelerometer data of 647 children (10-13 years old) were collected in five European countries. We analyzed sedentary time (<100 cpm) accumulated in bouts of at least 5, 10, 20 or 30 min based on four operational definitions, allowing 0, 30 or 60s ≥100 cpm within bouts. Health indicators included anthropometrics (i.e. waist circumference and body mass index (BMI)) and in a subsample from two European countries (n=112) fasting capillary blood levels of glucose, C-peptide, high-density- and low-density cholesterol, and triglycerides. Data collection took place from March to July 2010. Associations were adjusted for age, gender, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, total wear time and country. RESULTS Occurrence of sedentary bouts varied largely between the various definitions. Children spent most of their sedentary time in bouts of ≥5 min while bouts of ≥20 min were rare. Linear regression analysis revealed few significant associations of sedentary time accumulated in bouts of ≥5-30 min with health indicators. Moreover, we found that more associations became significant when allowing no tolerance time within sedentary bouts. CONCLUSION Despite a few significant associations, we found no convincing evidence for an association between sedentary time accumulated in bouts and health indicators in 10-13 year old children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Altenburg
- VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M de Niet
- Science Support, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - M Verloigne
- Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - I De Bourdeaudhuij
- Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - O Androutsos
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Y Manios
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - E Kovacs
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - B Bringolf-Isler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss TPH, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - J Brug
- VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M J M Chinapaw
- VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chinapaw MJM, de Niet M, Verloigne M, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Brug J, Altenburg TM. From sedentary time to sedentary patterns: accelerometer data reduction decisions in youth. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111205. [PMID: 25369021 PMCID: PMC4219709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to establish evidence-based accelerometer data reduction criteria to accurately assess total sedentary time and sedentary patterns in children. Methods Participants (n = 1057 European children; 9–13 yrs) were invited to wear an accelerometer for at least 6 consecutive days. We explored 1) non-wear time criteria; 2) minimum daily valid wear time; 3) differences between weekday and weekend day; and 4) minimum number of days of accelerometer wear by comparing the effects of commonly used data reduction decisions on total sedentary time, and duration and number of prolonged sedentary bouts. Results More than 60 consecutive minutes of zero counts was the optimal criterion for non-wear time. Increasing the definition of a valid day from 8 to 10 hours wear time hardly influenced the sedentary outcomes, while the sample size of children with more than 4 valid days increased from 69 to 81%. On weekdays, children had on average 1 hour more wear time, 50 minutes more total sedentary time, 26 minutes more sedentary time accumulated in bouts, and 1 more sedentary bout. At least 6 days of accelerometer data were needed to accurately represent weekly sedentary time and patterns. Conclusions Based on our results we recommend 1) a minimum of 60 minutes of consecutive zeros as the most realistic criterion for non-wear time; and 2) including at least six days with minimum eight valid hours to characterize children's usual total sedentary time and patterns, preferably including one weekend day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai J. M. Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EM GO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Maïté Verloigne
- Department of Movement and Sport Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Johannes Brug
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teatske M. Altenburg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EM GO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Berendsen BAJ, Hendriks MRC, Willems P, Meijer K, Schaper NC, Savelberg HHCM. A 20 min window is optimal in a non-wear algorithm for tri-axial thigh-worn accelerometry in overweight people. Physiol Meas 2014; 35:2205-12. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/11/2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
34
|
Collings PJ, Wijndaele K, Corder K, Westgate K, Ridgway CL, Dunn V, Goodyer I, Ekelund U, Brage S. Levels and patterns of objectively-measured physical activity volume and intensity distribution in UK adolescents: the ROOTS study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:23. [PMID: 24564949 PMCID: PMC3936923 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have quantified levels of habitual physical activity across the entire intensity range. We aimed to describe variability in total and intensity-specific physical activity levels in UK adolescents across gender, socio-demographic, temporal and body composition strata. METHODS Physical activity energy expenditure and minutes per day (min/d) spent sedentary and in light, moderate, and vigorous intensity physical activity were assessed in 825 adolescents from the ROOTS study (43.5% boys; mean age 15.0 ± 0.30 years), by 4 days of individually calibrated combined heart rate and movement sensing. Measurement days were classified as weekday or weekend and according to the three school terms: summer (April-July), autumn (September-December), and spring (January-March). Gender and age were self-reported and area-level SES determined by postcode data. Body composition was measured by anthropometry and bio-electrical impedance. Variability in physical activity and sedentary time was analysed by linear multilevel modelling, and logistic multilevel regression was used to determine factors associated with physical inactivity (<60 min moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity/d). RESULTS During awake hours (15.8 ± 0.9 hrs/d), adolescents primarily engaged in light intensity physical activity (517 min/d) and sedentary time (364 min/d). Boys were consistently more physically active and less sedentary than girls, but gender differences were smaller at weekends, as activity levels in boys dropped more markedly when transitioning from weekday to weekend. Boys were more sedentary on both weekend days compared to during the week, whereas girls were more sedentary on Sunday but less sedentary on Saturday. In both genders light intensity physical activity was lower in spring, while moderate physical activity was lower in autumn and spring terms, compared to the summer term; sedentary time was also higher in spring than summer term. Adolescents with higher fatness engaged in less vigorous intensity physical activity. Factors associated with increased odds of physical inactivity were female gender, both weekend days in boys, and specifically Sunday in girls. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity components vary by gender, temporal factors and body composition in UK adolescents. The available data indicate that in adolescence, girls should be the primary targets of interventions designed to increase physical activity levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Physical Activity Programme, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Kirsten Corder
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Valerie Dunn
- Developmental Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Goodyer
- Developmental Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Carson V, Cliff DP, Janssen X, Okely AD. Longitudinal levels and bouts of sedentary time among adolescent girls. BMC Pediatr 2013; 13:173. [PMID: 24138929 PMCID: PMC3853435 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent girls are one of the most sedentary demographic groups. A better understanding of their accumulation of sedentary time is needed to inform future interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal levels and bouts of objectively measured sedentary time accumulated during different days of the week and periods of the weekday among a large sample of adolescent girls. Methods The results are based on 655 adolescent girls from the Girls in Sport Intervention and Research Project. Levels and bouts of sedentary time were derived from accelerometer data collected at baseline and 18-month follow-up. Total, weekday, weekend, school (i.e., morning bell to afternoon bell), after school (i.e., afternoon bell to 19:00), and evening (i.e. 19:01 to 23:59) sedentary time levels and bouts were calculated. Repeated-measures ANCOVAs were conducted to examine differences in sedentary time levels and bouts between days and time periods after adjusting for wear time, accelerometer model, and intervention group. Results Cross-sectional analyses revealed that levels and bouts of sedentary time were higher on weekdays compared to weekend days at baseline. Similar trends were observed at follow-up. In addition, percentage of wear time spent sedentary and bouts/hr of sedentary time were highest in the evening compared to the school and after school periods at both baseline and follow-up. Longitudinal analyses revealed that levels and bouts of sedentary time were higher at follow-up compared to baseline across the different days of the week and periods of the weekday examined, with the biggest increase (15%) occurring in the school period. Conclusions Future interventions targeting sedentary time among adolescent girls should consider developing strategies to reduce and break up prolonged sedentary time during the school day and in the evening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
The influence of minimum sitting period of the ActivPAL™ on the measurement of breaks in sitting in young children. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71854. [PMID: 23977163 PMCID: PMC3743753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sitting time and breaks in sitting influence cardio-metabolic health. New monitors (e.g. activPAL™) may be more accurate for measurement of sitting time and breaks in sitting although how to optimize measurement accuracy is not yet clear. One important issue is the minimum sitting/upright period (MSUP) to define a new posture. Using the activPAL™, we investigated the effect of variations in MSUP on total sitting time and breaks in sitting, and also determined the criterion validity of different activPAL™ settings for both constructs. METHODS We varied setting of MSUP in 23 children (mean (SD) age 4.5 y (0.7)) who wore activPAL™ (24 hr/d) for 5-7 d. We first studied activPAL™ using the default setting of 10 s MSUP and then reduced this to 5 s, 2 s and 1 s. In a second study, in a convenience sample of 30 pre-school children (mean age 4.1 y (SD 0.5)) we validated the activPAL™ measures of sitting time and breaks in sitting at different MSUP settings against direct observation. RESULTS Comparing settings of 10, 5, 2 and 1 s, there were no significant differences in sitting time (6.2 hr (1.0), 6.3 hr (1.0), 6.4 hr (1.0) and 6.3 hr (1.6), respectively) between settings but there were significant increases in the apparent number of breaks - (8(3), 14(2), 21(4) and 28 (6)/h) at 10, 5, 2 and 1 s settings, respectively. In comparison with direct observation, a 2 s setting had the smallest error relative to direct observation (95% limits of agreement: -14 to +17 sitting bouts/hr, mean difference 1.83, p = 0.2). CONCLUSION With activPAL™, breaks in sitting, but not total sitting time, are highly sensitive to the setting of MSUP, with 2 s optimal for young children. The MSUP to define a new posture will need to be empirically determined if accurate measurements of number of breaks in sitting are to be obtained.
Collapse
|
37
|
cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with hard and light intensity physical activity but not time spent sedentary in 10-14 year old schoolchildren: the HAPPY study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61073. [PMID: 23577192 PMCID: PMC3618292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sedentary behaviour is a major risk factor for developing chronic diseases and is associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness in adults. It remains unclear how sedentary behaviour and different physical activity subcomponents are related to cardiorespiratory fitness in children. The purpose of this study was to assess how sedentary behaviour and different physical activity subcomponents are associated with 10–14 year-old schoolchildren's cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods 135 schoolchildren (81 girls, 12±1 year) completed 7-day minute-by-minute habitual physical activity monitoring using triaxial accelerometers and undertook a maximal cardiorespiratory fitness test. Results After controlling for sex, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and total wear time, light physical activity (1.5–2.9 METs) was negatively associated (β = −.24, p<.01) and hard physical activity (≥9 METs) positively associated (β = .45, p<.001) with cardiorespiratory fitness. Vigorous and hard physical activity were associated with cardiorespiratory fitness for boys (F = 5.64, p<.01) whereas light, moderate and hard physical activity were associated with physical fitness for girls (F = 10.23, p<.001). No association was found between sedentary time and cardiorespiratory fitness (r = −.13, p>.05). Sedentary to active transitions revealed little variability between cardiorespiratory fitness tertiles. Conclusions Hard physical activity (≥9 METs) holds greater potential for cardiorespiratory fitness compared to physical activity of lower intensities. There was no relationship between sedentary behaviour and cardiorespiratory fitness. These findings suggest that, for children, advice should focus on higher intensity physical activity and not sedentary behaviour as a means to maintain or improve cardiorespiratory fitness. Future research should explore longitudinal relationships between hard physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and health parameters.
Collapse
|
38
|
Colley RC, Garriguet D, Janssen I, Wong SL, Saunders TJ, Carson V, Tremblay MS. The association between accelerometer-measured patterns of sedentary time and health risk in children and youth: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:200. [PMID: 23497190 PMCID: PMC3599834 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-reported screen time is associated with elevated health risk in children and youth; however, research examining the relationship between accelerometer-measured sedentary time and health risk has reported mixed findings. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between accelerometer-measured patterns of sedentary time and health risk in children and youth. METHODS The results are based on 1,608 children and youth aged 6 to 19 years from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2009). Sedentary time was measured using the Actical accelerometer. Breaks in sedentary time and prolonged bouts of sedentary time lasting 20 to 120 minutes were derived for all days, weekend days and during the after-school period (i.e., after 3 pm on weekdays). Regression analyses were used to examine the association between patterns of sedentary time and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure and non-HDL cholesterol. RESULTS Boys accumulated more sedentary time on weekdays after 3 pm and had a higher number of breaks in sedentary time compared to girls. Overweight/obese boys (aged 6-19 years) accumulated more sedentary time after 3 pm on weekdays (282 vs. 259 min, p < .05) and as prolonged bouts lasting at least 80 minutes (171 vs. 133 min, p < .05) compared to boys who were neither overweight nor obese. Prolonged bouts of sedentary time lasting at least 80 minutes accumulated after 3 pm on weekdays were positively associated with BMI and waist circumference in boys aged 11-14 years (p < .006). Each additional 60 min of sedentary time after 3 pm on weekdays was associated with a 1.4 kg·m-2 higher BMI and a 3.4 cm higher waist circumference in 11-14 year old boys. No sedentary pattern variables differed between girls who were not overweight or obese and those who were overweight/obese and none of the sedentary pattern variables were associated with any health markers in girls. CONCLUSIONS The findings confirm results of other studies that reported accelerometer-measured sedentary time was not associated with health risk in children and youth. Even when the pattern and timing of sedentary time was examined relative to health markers, few associations emerged and were limited to boys aged 11-14 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Colley
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Suzy L Wong
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Travis J Saunders
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Predictors of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in African American young adolescents. Ann Behav Med 2013; 45 Suppl 1:S142-50. [PMID: 23334766 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-012-9437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American adolescents residing in the South are at increased risk for obesity and physical inactivity, yet our understanding of potential influences is limited. PURPOSE Using an ecological framework, this study explored multilevel predictors (individual, family, home, and neighborhood environment) of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among 116 African American adolescents (ages 12-16). METHODS Adolescents and their parents completed self-report surveys for hypothesized predictors. Youth physical activity was measured using accelerometry. RESULTS In multiple regression models, decreased daily MVPA was associated with female sex (β = -24.27, p < 0.0001). Family social support (β = 1.07, p = 0.004) and adolescent self efficacy for PA (β = 6.89, p = 0.054) were positively associated with daily MVPA. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent demographics along with family social support and self-efficacy influence younger African American adolescent physical activity. Further exploration of the complex interaction of multiple levels of influence is needed to develop appropriate interventions for this vulnerable group.
Collapse
|
40
|
Bailey DP, Fairclough SJ, Savory LA, Denton SJ, Pang D, Deane CS, Kerr CJ. Accelerometry-assessed sedentary behaviour and physical activity levels during the segmented school day in 10-14-year-old children: the HAPPY study. Eur J Pediatr 2012; 171:1805-13. [PMID: 22983026 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-012-1827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The school day offers several different time periods that provide varying opportunities for sedentary time (SED) and engagement in physical activity (PA), yet little is known about the PA and sedentary behaviour patterns of boys and girls during these times. The volume, intensity and temporal distributions of SED and PA undertaken by 135 schoolchildren aged 10-14 years, during different segments of the school day: (a) school transport, (b) morning recess, (c) lunch break, (d) class time and (e) after school, were explored using triaxial accelerometry. PA was categorised into SED, light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA) and vigorous PA (VPA). Girls engaged in significantly more SED and LPA than boys during recess and lunch break (p < 0.05), while boys engaged in significantly higher levels of VPA during recess (p < 0.001) and MPA and VPA during lunch break (p < 0.001). PA engagement was similar between sexes during other segments of the day. CONCLUSION PA patterns appear more beneficial for health in boys during less structured school-based time periods and interventions may therefore target opportunities for girls to be physically active during these times to overcome this observed sex deficit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Bailey
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK41 9EA, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dowd KP, Harrington DM, Bourke AK, Nelson J, Donnelly AE. The measurement of sedentary patterns and behaviors using the activPAL™ Professional physical activity monitor. Physiol Meas 2012; 33:1887-99. [PMID: 23111150 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/33/11/1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have associated the negative effects of sedentary time and sedentary patterns on health indices. However, these studies have used methodologies that do not directly measure the sedentary state. Recent technological developments in the area of motion sensors have incorporated inclinometers, which can measure the inclination of the body directly, without relying on self-report or count thresholds. This paper aims to provide a detailed description of methodologies used to examine a range of relevant variables, including sedentary levels and patterns from an inclinometer-based motion sensor. The activPAL Professional physical activity logger provides an output which can be interpreted and used without the need for further processing and additional variables were derived using a custom designed MATLAB® computer program. The methodologies described have been implemented on a sample of 44 adolescent females, and the results of a range of daily physical activity and sedentary variables are described and presented. The results provide a range of objectively measured and objectively processed variables, including total time spent sitting/lying, standing and stepping, number and duration of daily sedentary bouts and both bed hours and non-bed hours, which may be of interest when making association between physical activity, sedentary behaviors and health indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P Dowd
- Centre for Physical Activity and Health Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dowd KP, Harrington DM, Donnelly AE. Criterion and concurrent validity of the activPAL™ professional physical activity monitor in adolescent females. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47633. [PMID: 23094069 PMCID: PMC3477132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The activPAL has been identified as an accurate and reliable measure of sedentary behaviour. However, only limited information is available on the accuracy of the activPAL activity count function as a measure of physical activity, while no unit calibration of the activPAL has been completed to date. This study aimed to investigate the criterion validity of the activPAL, examine the concurrent validity of the activPAL, and perform and validate a value calibration of the activPAL in an adolescent female population. The performance of the activPAL in estimating posture was also compared with sedentary thresholds used with the ActiGraph accelerometer. Methodologies Thirty adolescent females (15 developmental; 15 cross-validation) aged 15–18 years performed 5 activities while wearing the activPAL, ActiGraph GT3X, and the Cosmed K4B2. A random coefficient statistics model examined the relationship between metabolic equivalent (MET) values and activPAL counts. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine activity thresholds and for cross-validation. The random coefficient statistics model showed a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.93 (standard error of the estimate = 1.13). An optimal moderate threshold of 2997 was determined using mixed regression, while an optimal vigorous threshold of 8229 was determined using receiver operating statistics. The activPAL count function demonstrated very high concurrent validity (r = 0.96, p<0.01) with the ActiGraph count function. Levels of agreement for sitting, standing, and stepping between direct observation and the activPAL and ActiGraph were 100%, 98.1%, 99.2% and 100%, 0%, 100%, respectively. Conclusions These findings suggest that the activPAL is a valid, objective measurement tool that can be used for both the measurement of physical activity and sedentary behaviours in an adolescent female population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P Dowd
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|