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Chen H, Liu L, Li M, Zhu D, Tian G. Epicardial Adipose Tissue-Derived Leptin Promotes Myocardial Injury in Metabolic Syndrome Rats Through PKC/NADPH Oxidase/ROS Pathway. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029415. [PMID: 37489731 PMCID: PMC10492984 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is abnormally accumulated with dysfunctional secretion of adipokines, closely relating to cardiac dysfunction. The current study was designed to identify the effects of EAT-derived leptin on the myocardium of MetS rats and explore the potential molecular mechanisms. Methods and Results A MetS rat model was established in 8-week-old Wistar rats by a 12-week high-fat diet. MetS rats exhibited increased leptin secretion from EAT, cardiac hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction with preserved systolic function. The myocardium of MetS rats had abnormal structure, increased oxidative stress injury, and higher inflammatory factor levels, especially the subepicardial myocardium, which was correlated with the EAT-derived leptin level but not the serum leptin. The EAT was separated from each group of rats to prepare EAT-conditioned medium. H9C2 rat cardiomyoblasts were treated with EAT-conditioned medium or leptin, plus various inhibitors. EAT-derived leptin from MetS rats promoted mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction, induced mitochondrial pathway apoptosis, and inhibited cell viability in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts via the protein kinase C/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase/reactive oxygen species (PKC/NADPH oxidase/ROS) pathway. EAT-derived leptin from MetS rats stimulated inflammation in H9C2 cardiomyocytes by promoting activator protein 1 nuclear translocation via the PKC/NADPH oxidase/ROS pathway. Leptin promoted the interaction between p-p47phox and gp91phox in H9C2 cardiomyocytes via protein kinase C, activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, increasing reactive oxygen species generation, and inhibiting cell viability. Conclusions EAT-derived leptin induces MetS-related myocardial injury through the following 2 cooperative ways via PKC/NADPH oxidase/ROS pathway: (1) inducing mitochondrial pathway apoptosis by promoting mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction; and (2) stimulating inflammation by promoting activator protein 1 nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Central China Fuwai HospitalCentral China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong UniversityXi’anShaanxiChina
| | - Min Li
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong UniversityXi’anShaanxiChina
| | - Danjun Zhu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong UniversityXi’anShaanxiChina
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong UniversityXi’anShaanxiChina
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2
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Yu S, Klomjit N, Jiang K, Zhu XY, Ferguson CM, Conley SM, Obeidat Y, Kellogg TA, McKenzie T, Heimbach JK, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Human Obesity Attenuates Cardioprotection Conferred by Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:221-232. [PMID: 35616881 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To explore the impact of obesity on reparative potency of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (A-MSC) in hypertensive cardiomyopathy, A-MSC were harvested from subcutaneous fat of obese and age-matched non-obese human subjects during bariatric or kidney donation surgeries, and then injected into mice 2 weeks after inducing renovascular hypertension (RVH) or sham surgery. Two weeks later, left ventricular (LV) function and deformation were estimated in vivo by micro-magnetic resonance imaging and myocardial damage ex vivo. Blood pressure and myocardial wall thickening were elevated in RVH + Vehicle and normalized only by lean-A-MSC. Both A-MSC types reduced LV mass and normalized the reduced LV peak strain radial in RVH, yet obese-A-MSC also impaired LV systolic function. A-MSC alleviated myocardial tissue damage in RVH, but lean-A-MSC decreased oxidative stress more effectively. Obese-A-MSC also showed increased cellular inflammation in vitro. Therefore, obese-A-MSC are less effective than lean-A-MSC in blunting hypertensive cardiomyopathy in mice with RVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nattawat Klomjit
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kai Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xiang Y Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Christopher M Ferguson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sabena M Conley
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yasin Obeidat
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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3
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Diabesity in Elderly Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Mechanisms and Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147886. [PMID: 35887234 PMCID: PMC9318065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world. In 2019, 550 million people were suffering from CVD and 18 million of them died as a result. Most of them had associated risk factors such as high fasting glucose, which caused 134 million deaths, and obesity, which accounted for 5.02 million deaths. Diabesity, a combination of type 2 diabetes and obesity, contributes to cardiac, metabolic, inflammation and neurohumoral changes that determine cardiac dysfunction (diabesity-related cardiomyopathy). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is distributed around the myocardium, promoting myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, and is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, particularly with preserved systolic function, atrial fibrillation and coronary atherosclerosis. In fact, several hypoglycaemic drugs have demonstrated a volume reduction of EAT and effects on its metabolic and inflammation profile. However, it is necessary to improve knowledge of the diabesity pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases for comprehensive patient management including drugs to optimize glucometabolic control. This review presents the mechanisms of diabesity associated with cardiovascular disease and their therapeutic implications.
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4
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Kalisz K, Scott M, Avery R, Sarnari R, Barker AJ, Carr J, Markl M, Allen BD. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Feature Tracking Demonstrates Altered Biventricular Strain in Obese Subjects in the Absence of Clinically Apparent Cardiovascular Disease. J Thorac Imaging 2022; 37:W1-W2. [PMID: 32520847 PMCID: PMC7718327 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kalisz
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael Scott
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Ryan Avery
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Roberto Sarnari
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Alex J Barker
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - James Carr
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael Markl
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Bradley D Allen
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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5
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Kwiatkowski G, Bar A, Jasztal A, Chłopicki S. MRI-based in vivo detection of coronary microvascular dysfunction before alterations in cardiac function induced by short-term high-fat diet in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18915. [PMID: 34556779 PMCID: PMC8460671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of vascular abnormalities in metabolic diseases and has been repeatedly demonstrated in coronary and peripheral circulation in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD), particularly after long-term HFD. However, the temporal relationship between development of coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction and deterioration in diastolic and systolic cardiac function after short-term feeding with HFD has not yet been studied. This study aimed to correlate the changes in coronary microvascular endothelial function and global cardiac performance indices in vivo after short-term feeding with HFD in mice. Short-term feeding with a HFD (60% fat + 1% cholesterol) resulted in severely impaired coronary microvascular function, as evidenced by the diminished effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition (by L-NAME) assessed using T1 mapping via in vivo MRI. Deterioration of coronary microvascular function was detected as early as after 7 days of HFD and further declined after 8 weeks on a HFD. HFD-induced coronary microvascular dysfunction was not associated with impaired myocardial capillary density and was present before systemic insulin resistance assessed by a glucose tolerance test. Basal coronary flow and coronary reserve, as assessed using the A2A adenosine receptor agonist regadenoson, were also not altered in HFD-fed mice. Histological analysis did not reveal cardiomyocyte hypertrophy or fibrosis. Increased lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes was detected as early as after 7 days of HFD and remained at a similar level at 8 weeks on a HFD. Multiparametric cardiac MRI revealed a reduction in systolic heart function, including decreased ejection rate, increased end-systolic volume and decreased myocardial strain in diastole with impaired ejection fraction, but not until 4 weeks of HFD. Short-term feeding with HFD resulted in early endothelial dysfunction in coronary microcirculation that preceded alteration in cardiac function and systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kwiatkowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, ul. Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, ul. Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, ul. Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stefan Chłopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, ul. Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531, Kraków, Poland.
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6
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Maimaituxun G, Kusunose K, Yamada H, Fukuda D, Yagi S, Torii Y, Yamada N, Soeki T, Masuzaki H, Sata M, Shimabukuro M. Deleterious Effects of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume on Global Longitudinal Strain in Patients With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:607825. [PMID: 33521062 PMCID: PMC7843424 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.607825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is known that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume is linked to cardiac dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether EAT volume (EATV) is closely linked to abnormal LV strain. We examined the relationship between EATV and global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global radial strain (GRS) in patients with preserved LV function. Methods: Notably, 180 consecutive subjects (68 ± 12 years; 53% men) underwent 320-slice multi-detector computed tomography coronary angiography and were segregated into coronary artery disease (CAD) (≥1 coronary artery branch stenosis ≥50%) and non-CAD groups. GLS, GCS, and GRS were evaluated by 2-dimensional speckle tracking in patients with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50%. Results: First, GLS, but not GRS and GCS, was lower in the high EATV group though the LVEF was comparable to the low EATV group. Frequency of GLS ≤18 was higher in the high EATV group. Second, multiple regression model showed that EATV, age, male sex, and CAD, were determinants of GLS. Third, the cutoff points of EATV were comparable (~116–117 mL) in both groups. The cutoff of EATV ≥116 showed a significant correlation with GLS ≤18 in overall subjects. Conclusions: Increasing EATV was independently associated with global longitudinal strain despite the preserved LVEF and lacking obstructive CAD. Our findings suggest an additional role of EAT on myocardial systolic function by impaired LV longitudinal strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulinu Maimaituxun
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenya Kusunose
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Yamada
- Department of Community Medicine for Cardiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuta Torii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nao Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Soeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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7
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Todd A, Satriano A, Fenwick K, Merchant N, Lydell CP, Howarth AG, Friedrich MG, Anderson TJ, Fine NM, White JA. Intra-thoracic adiposity is associated with impaired contractile function in patients with coronary artery disease: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 35:121-131. [PMID: 30078132 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-018-1430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of visceral adiposity on left ventricular remodeling following coronary artery disease (CAD)-related events has not been examined to date. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) we explored intra-thoracic fat volume (ITFV) and strain-based markers of adverse remodeling in patients with CAD. Forty-seven patients with known CAD (25 with prior MI, 22 without prior MI) were studied. ITFV was quantified using previously validated imaging techniques. Myocardial strain was derived from cine MRI using a validated 3D feature-tracking (FT) software. Segmental LGE quantification was performed and was used to incrementally constrain strain analyses to non-infarcted (i.e. remote) segments. Remote myocardial strain was compared to the non-MI control cohort and was explored for associations with ITFV. Mean age was 57 ± 13 years with a mean BMI of 30.0 ± 6.2 kg/m2 (range 20.3-38.4 kg/m2). Patients with versus without prior MI had similar demographics and BMI (29.4 ± 4.4 vs. 30.4 ± 7.9 kg/m2, p = 0.62). Patients with prior MI had lower mean peak strain than non-MI patients (p = 0.02), consistent with remote tissue contractile dysfunction. Inverse associations were identified between ITFV and mean peak strain in both the MI group (circumferential: r = 0.43, p = 0.03; radial: - 0.41, p = 0.04; minimum principal: r = 0.41, p = 0.04; maximum principal: r = - 0.43, p = 0.03) and non-MI group (circumferential: r = 0.42, p = 0.05; minimum principal: r = 0.45, p = 0.03). In those with prior MI higher ITFV was associated with a greater reduction in remote tissue strain. ITFV is associated with contractile dysfunction in patients with CAD. This association is prominent in the post-MI setting suggesting relevant influence on remote tissue health following ischemic injury. Expanded study of intra-thoracic adiposity as a modulator of myocardial health in patients with CAD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Todd
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Suite 0700 Foothills Medical Centre - 1403 29th St NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alessandro Satriano
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Suite 0700 Foothills Medical Centre - 1403 29th St NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kate Fenwick
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Suite 0700 Foothills Medical Centre - 1403 29th St NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Naeem Merchant
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carmen P Lydell
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew G Howarth
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Suite 0700 Foothills Medical Centre - 1403 29th St NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Todd J Anderson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nowell M Fine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - James A White
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Suite 0700 Foothills Medical Centre - 1403 29th St NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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8
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Zhang X, Liu ZQ, Singh D, Powell DK, Chung CS, Campbell KS, Wenk JF. Differential Effects of Isoproterenol on Regional Myocardial Mechanics in Rat using 3D cine DENSE Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Biomech Eng 2018; 141:2696750. [PMID: 30098173 DOI: 10.1115/1.4041042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the acute effects of isoproterenol on left ventricular (LV) mechanics in healthy rats with the hypothesis that ß-adrenergic stimulation influences the mechanics of different myocardial regions of the LV wall in different ways. To accomplish this, magnetic resonance images were obtained in the LV of healthy rats with or without isoproterenol infusion. The LV contours were divided into basal, mid-ventricular, and apical regions. Additionally, the mid-ventricular myocardium was divided into three transmural layers with each layer partitioned into four segments (i.e., septal, inferior, lateral, and anterior). Peak systolic strains and torsion were quantified for each region. Isoproterenol significantly increased peak systolic radial strain and circumferential-longitudinal shear strain, as well as ventricular torsion, throughout the basal, mid-ventricle, and apical regions. In the mid-ventricle, isoproterenol significantly increased peak systolic radial strain, and induced significant increases in peak systolic circumferential strain and longitudinal strain in the septum. Isoproterenol consistently increased peak systolic circumferential-longitudinal shear strain in all mid-ventricular segments. Ventricular torsion was significantly increased in nearly all segments except the inferior sub-endocardium. The effects of isoproterenol on LV systolic mechanics (i.e., 3D strains and torsion) in healthy rats depend on the region. This region-dependency is also strain component-specific. These results provide insight into the regional response of LV mechanics to ß-adrenergic stimulation in rats, and could act as a baseline for future studies on subclinical abnormalities associated with the inotropic response in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zhan-Qiu Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dara Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David K Powell
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charles S Chung
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Jonathan F Wenk
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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9
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Ternacle J, Wan F, Sawaki D, Surenaud M, Pini M, Mercedes R, Ernande L, Audureau E, Dubois-Rande JL, Adnot S, Hue S, Czibik G, Derumeaux G. Short-term high-fat diet compromises myocardial function: a radial strain rate imaging study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 18:1283-1291. [PMID: 28062567 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jew316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) induces both cardiac remodelling and myocardial dysfunction in murine models. The aim was to assess the time course and mechanisms of metabolic and cardiac modifications induced by short-term HFD in wild-type (WT) mice. Methods and results Thirty-three WT mice were subjected to HFD (60% fat, n = 16) and chow diet (CD, 13% fat, n = 17). Metabolic and echocardiographic data were collected at baseline and every 5 weeks for 20 weeks. Invasive haemodynamic data and myocardial samples were collected at 5 and 20 weeks. Echocardiographic data included left ventricular (LV) diameters and thickness, and systolic function using radial strain rate (SR). Histological assessment of cardiomyocyte and adipocyte sizes, interstitial fibrosis, and apoptosis index were performed. During follow-up, body weight, and glycaemia levels were higher in HFD than in CD mice, in association with an early adipose tissue remodelling. Despite no difference between both groups in blood pressure and LV mass at 5 weeks, an early LV dysfunction was observed in HFD mice as assessed by radial SR (21 ± 0.8 vs. 27 ± 0.8 unit/s, P < 0.001) and haemodynamic assessment. During follow-up, both groups demonstrated a progressive systolic and diastolic LV dysfunction and remodelling including dilatation and hypertrophy, which were more severe in HFD mice. Compared with CD mice, the early LV impairment in HFD mice was coupled with a higher cardiomyocyte apoptosis level (0.95 vs. 0.02%, P < 0.05) associated with an interstitial fibrosis process (2.3 vs. 0.2%, P < 0.05), which worsen during follow-up. Conclusion The HFD promoted early metabolic and cardiac dysfunctions, and adipose and myocardial tissues remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ternacle
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), 51 Av de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Department of Cardiology, Henri Mondor Hospital, DHU-ATVB, Créteil, France
| | - Feng Wan
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), 51 Av de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Créteil, France
| | - Daigo Sawaki
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), 51 Av de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Surenaud
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), 51 Av de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Créteil, France.,AP-HP Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Maria Pini
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), 51 Av de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Créteil, France
| | - Raquel Mercedes
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), 51 Av de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Créteil, France
| | - Laura Ernande
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), 51 Av de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Department of Physiology, Henri Mondor Hospital, DHU-ATVB, Créteil, France
| | - Etienne Audureau
- AP-HP, Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Hospital, DHU-ATVB, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Rande
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), 51 Av de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Department of Cardiology, Henri Mondor Hospital, DHU-ATVB, Créteil, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), 51 Av de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Department of Physiology, Henri Mondor Hospital, DHU-ATVB, Créteil, France
| | - Sophie Hue
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), 51 Av de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Créteil, France.,AP-HP Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Gabor Czibik
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), 51 Av de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Créteil, France
| | - Genevieve Derumeaux
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), 51 Av de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Department of Cardiology, Henri Mondor Hospital, DHU-ATVB, Créteil, France
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10
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Egom EE, Pharithi RB, Shiwani HA, Khan B, Kruzliak P, El-Hiani Y, Maher V. Time to redefine body mass index categories in chronic diseases? Spotlight on obesity paradox. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:513-523. [PMID: 29063824 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1389859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex condition classically characterised by excessive body fat accumulation and represents one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Although several epidemiological studies have shown that elevated BMI is associated with higher morbidity, and with increased rate of death from all causes and from cardiovascular disease, accumulating evidence suggests that being overweight or obese may be protective (the so-called obesity paradox), at least in chronic diseases. These observations, not only question the validity of the BMI system, but also raise the intriguing question of whether we should redefine what the normal range of BMI is in individuals suffering from a chronic disease. In the present article, we review the available information on the association between elevated BMI and increased morbidity and mortality including obesity-related paradoxes, explore key aspects of the role and limitations of BMI as a measure of increased adiposity and outline potential solutions to address the current controversies regarding the impact of obesity on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel E Egom
- a Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , Montreal , Canada.,b Department of Cardiology , The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Dublin, Incorporating the National Children Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Rebabonye B Pharithi
- b Department of Cardiology , The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Dublin, Incorporating the National Children Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Haaris A Shiwani
- c Department of Clinical Medicine, Education Division , Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Barkat Khan
- b Department of Cardiology , The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Dublin, Incorporating the National Children Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- d International Clinical Research Center , St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Yassine El-Hiani
- e Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada
| | - Vincent Maher
- b Department of Cardiology , The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Dublin, Incorporating the National Children Hospital , Dublin , Ireland.,c Department of Clinical Medicine, Education Division , Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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11
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking in small animals - a preliminary study on reproducibility and sample size calculation. BMC Med Imaging 2017; 17:51. [PMID: 28835220 PMCID: PMC5569535 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-017-0223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) is a novel tissue tracking technique developed for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion and deformation. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the observer’s reproducibility of CMR-FT in a small animal (mouse) model and define sample size calculation for future trials. Methods Six C57BL/6 J mice were selected from the ongoing experimental mouse model onsite and underwent CMR with a 3 Tesla small animal MRI scanner. Myocardial deformation was analyzed using dedicated software (TomTec, Germany) by two observers. Left ventricular (LV) longitudinal, circumferential and radial strain (EllLAX, EccSAX and ErrSAX) were calculated. To assess intra-observer agreement data analysis was repeated after 4 weeks. The sample size required to detect a relative change in strain was calculated. Results In general, EccSAX and EllLAX demonstrated highest inter-observer reproducibility (ICC 0.79 (0.46–0.91) and 0.73 (0.56–0.83) EccSAX and EllLAX respectively). In contrast, at the intra-observer level EllLAX was more reproducible than EccSAX (ICC 0.83 (0.73–0.90) and 0.74 (0.49–0.87) EllLAX and EccSAX respectively). The reproducibility of ErrSAX was weak at both observer levels. Preliminary sample size calculation showed that a small study sample (e.g. ten animals to detect a relative 10% change in EccSAX) could be sufficient to detect changes if parameter variability is low. Conclusions This pilot study demonstrates good to excellent inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of CMR-FT technique in small animal model. The most reproducible measures are global circumferential and global longitudinal strain, whereas reproducibility of radial strain is weak. Furthermore, sample size calculation demonstrates that a small number of animals could be sufficient for future trials.
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12
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Zhang X, Liu ZQ, Singh D, Wehner GJ, Powell DK, Campbell KS, Fornwalt BK, Wenk JF. Regional quantification of myocardial mechanics in rat using 3D cine DENSE cardiovascular magnetic resonance. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3733. [PMID: 28481037 PMCID: PMC10539034 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rat models have assumed an increasingly important role in cardiac research. However, a detailed profile of regional cardiac mechanics, such as strains and torsion, is lacking for rats. We hypothesized that healthy rat left ventricles (LVs) exhibit regional differences in cardiac mechanics, which are part of normal function. In this study, images of the LV were obtained with 3D cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance in 10 healthy rats. To evaluate regional cardiac mechanics, the LV was divided into basal, mid-ventricular, and apical regions. The myocardium at the mid-LV was further partitioned into four wall segments (i.e. septal, inferior, lateral, and anterior) and three transmural layers (i.e. sub-endocardium, mid-myocardium, and sub-epicardium). The six Lagrangian strain components (i.e. Err , Ecc , Ell , Ecl , Erl , and Ecr ) were computed from the 3D displacement field and averaged within each region of interest. Torsion was quantified using the circumferential-longitudinal shear angle. While peak systolic Ecl differed between the mid-ventricle and apex, the other five components of peak systolic strain were similar across the base, mid-ventricle, and apex. In the mid-LV myocardium, Ecc decreased gradually from the sub-endocardial to the sub-epicardial layer. Ell demonstrated significant differences between the four wall segments, with the largest magnitude in the inferior segment. Err was uniform among the four wall segments. Ecl varied along the transmural direction and among wall segments, whereas Erl differed only among the wall segments. Erc was not associated with significant variations. Torsion also varied along the transmural direction and among wall segments. These results provide fundamental insights into the regional contractile function of healthy rat hearts, and form the foundation for future studies on regional changes induced by disease or treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zhan-Qiu Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dara Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory J. Wehner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David K. Powell
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Brandon K. Fornwalt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Institute for Advanced Application, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA
| | - Jonathan F. Wenk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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13
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Suever JD, Wehner GJ, Jing L, Powell DK, Hamlet SM, Grabau JD, Mojsejenko D, Andres KN, Haggerty CM, Fornwalt BK. Right Ventricular Strain, Torsion, and Dyssynchrony in Healthy Subjects Using 3D Spiral Cine DENSE Magnetic Resonance Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2017; 36:1076-1085. [PMID: 28055859 PMCID: PMC5711416 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2016.2646321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanics of the left ventricle (LV) are important indicators of cardiac function. The role of right ventricular (RV) mechanics is largely unknown due to the technical limitations of imaging its thin wall and complex geometry and motion. By combining 3D Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE) with a post-processing pipeline that includes a local coordinate system, it is possible to quantify RV strain, torsion, and synchrony. In this study, we sought to characterize RV mechanics in 50 healthy individuals and compare these values to their LV counterparts. For each cardiac frame, 3D displacements were fit to continuous and differentiable radial basis functions, allowing for the computation of the 3D Cartesian Lagrangian strain tensor at any myocardial point. The geometry of the RV was extracted via a surface fit to manually delineated endocardial contours. Throughout the RV, a local coordinate system was used to transform from a Cartesian strain tensor to a polar strain tensor. It was then possible to compute peak RV torsion as well as peak longitudinal and circumferential strain. A comparable analysis was performed for the LV. Dyssynchrony was computed from the standard deviation of regional activation times. Global circumferential strain was comparable between the RV and LV (-18.0% for both) while longitudinal strain was greater in the RV (-18.1% vs. -15.7%). RV torsion was comparable to LV torsion (6.2 vs. 7.1 degrees, respectively). Regional activation times indicated that the RV contracted later but more synchronously than the LV. 3D spiral cine DENSE combined with a post-processing pipeline that includes a local coordinate system can resolve both the complex geometry and 3D motion of the RV.
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14
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Hamlet SM, Haggerty CM, Suever JD, Wehner GJ, Andres KN, Powell DK, Charnigo RJ, Fornwalt BK. Using a respiratory navigator significantly reduces variability when quantifying left ventricular torsion with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017; 19:25. [PMID: 28245864 PMCID: PMC5331707 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-017-0338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular (LV) torsion is an important indicator of cardiac function that is limited by high inter-test variability (50% of the mean value). We hypothesized that this high inter-test variability is partly due to inconsistent breath-hold positions during serial image acquisitions, which could be significantly improved by using a respiratory navigator for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) based quantification of LV torsion. METHODS We assessed respiratory-related variability in measured LV torsion with two distinct experimental protocols. First, 17 volunteers were recruited for CMR with cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) in which a respiratory navigator was used to measure and then enforce variability in end-expiratory position between all LV basal and apical acquisitions. From these data, we quantified the inter-test variability of torsion in the absence and presence of enforced end-expiratory position variability, which established an upper bound for the expected torsion variability. For the second experiment (in 20 new, healthy volunteers), 10 pairs of cine DENSE basal and apical images were each acquired from consecutive breath-holds and consecutive navigator-gated scans (with a single acceptance position). Inter-test variability of torsion was compared between the breath-hold and navigator-gated scans to quantify the variability due to natural breath-hold variation. To demonstrate the importance of these variability reductions, we quantified the reduction in sample size required to detect a clinically meaningful change in LV torsion with the use of a respiratory navigator. RESULTS The mean torsion was 3.4 ± 0.2°/cm. From the first experiment, enforced variability in end-expiratory position translated to considerable variability in measured torsion (0.56 ± 0.34°/cm), whereas inter-test variability with consistent end-expiratory position was 57% lower (0.24 ± 0.16°/cm, p < 0.001). From the second experiment, natural respiratory variability from consecutive breath-holds translated to a variability in torsion of 0.24 ± 0.10°/cm, which was significantly higher than the variability from navigator-gated scans (0.18 ± 0.06°/cm, p = 0.02). By using a respiratory navigator with DENSE, theoretical sample sizes were reduced from 66 to 16 and 26 to 15 as calculated from the two experiments. CONCLUSIONS A substantial portion (22-57%) of the inter-test variability of LV torsion can be reduced by using a respiratory navigator to ensure a consistent breath-hold position between image acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Hamlet
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Christopher M. Haggerty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Imaging Science and Innovation, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
| | - Jonathan D. Suever
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Imaging Science and Innovation, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
| | - Gregory J. Wehner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | | | - David K. Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Richard J. Charnigo
- Departments of Biostatistics and Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Brandon K. Fornwalt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Imaging Science and Innovation, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Radiology, Geisinger Health System, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA 17822-4400 USA
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15
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Naresh NK, Butcher JT, Lye RJ, Chen X, Isakson BE, Gan LM, Kramer CM, Annex BH, Epstein FH. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance detects the progression of impaired myocardial perfusion reserve and increased left-ventricular mass in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2016; 18:53. [PMID: 27609091 PMCID: PMC5016874 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-016-0273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) is prevalent in obesity and diabetes, even in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), and is prognostic of adverse events. We sought to establish the time course of reduced MPR and to investigate associated vascular and tissue properties in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), as they are an emerging model of human obesity, diabetes, and reduced MPR without obstructive CAD. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice fed a HFD or a low-fat diet (control) were imaged at 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks post-diet. The cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) protocol included multi-slice cine imaging to assess ejection fraction (EF), left-ventricular (LV) mass, LV wall thickness (LVWT), and LV volumes, and first-pass perfusion CMR to quantify MPR. Coronary vascular reactivity, aortic atherosclerosis, myocardial capillary density and tissue fibrosis were also assessed. RESULTS Body weight was increased in HFD mice at 6-24 weeks post-diet (p < 0.05 vs. control). MPR in HFD mice was reduced and LV mass and LVWT were increased in HFD mice at 18 and 24 weeks post-diet (p < 0.05 vs. control). Coronary arteriolar vascular reactivity to adenosine and acetylcholine were reduced in HFD mice (p < 0.05 vs. control). There were no significant differences in cardiac volumes, EF, or capillary density measurements between the two groups. Histology showed interstitial fibrosis in HFD and no aortic atherosclerosis in either group. CONCLUSIONS C57Bl/6 mice fed a HFD for 18-24 weeks have progressively increased LV mass and impaired MPR with fibrosis, normal capillary density and no aortic plaque. These results establish C57Bl/6 mice fed a HFD for 18-24 weeks as a model of impaired MPR without obstructive CAD due to obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita K. Naresh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Joshua T. Butcher
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Robert J. Lye
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Brant E. Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, CVMD Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christopher M. Kramer
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Brian H. Annex
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
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16
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Lin K, Meng L, Collins JD, Chowdhary V, Markl M, Carr JC. Reproducibility of cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) in human subjects. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 35:148-153. [PMID: 27569367 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that two-dimensional (2D) displacement encoding via stimulated echoes (DENSE) is a reproducible technique for the depiction of segmental myocardial motion in human subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following the approval of the institutional review board (IRB), 17 healthy volunteers without documented history of cardiovascular disease were recruited. For each participant, 2D DENSE were performed twice (at different days) and the images were obtained at basal, midventricular and apical levels of the left ventricle (LV) with a short-axis view. The radial thickening strain (Err), circumferential strain (Ecc), twist and torsion were calculated. The intra-, inter-observer and inter-study variations of DENSE-derived myocardial motion indices were evaluated using coefficient of variation (CoV) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS In total, there are 272 pairs of myocardial segments (data points) for comparison. There is good intra- and inter-observer reproducibility for all DENSE-derived measures in 17 participants. There is good inter-study reproducibility for peak Ecc (CoV=19.64%, ICC=0.8896, p<0.001), twist (CoV=33.11%, ICC=0.9135, p<0.001) and torsion (CoV=13.96%, ICC=0.8684, p<0.001). There is moderate inter-study reproducibility for Err (CoV=38.89%, ICC=0.7022, p<0.001). CONCLUSION DENSE is a reproducible technique for characterizing LV regional systolic myocardial motion on a per-segment basis in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Leng Meng
- Department of Radiology, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jeremy D Collins
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Varun Chowdhary
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Michael Markl
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - James C Carr
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611
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17
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Lee WH, Liu YW, Yang LT, Tsai WC. Prognostic value of longitudinal strain of subepicardial myocardium in patients with hypertension. J Hypertens 2016; 34:1195-200. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Jing L, Binkley CM, Suever JD, Umasankar N, Haggerty CM, Rich J, Wehner GJ, Hamlet SM, Powell DK, Radulescu A, Kirchner HL, Epstein FH, Fornwalt BK. Cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in childhood obesity: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2016; 18:28. [PMID: 27165194 PMCID: PMC4863365 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-016-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity affects nearly one in five children and is associated with increased risk of premature death. Obesity-related heart disease contributes to premature death. We aimed to use cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to comprehensively characterize the changes in cardiac geometry and function in obese children. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-one obese/overweight (age 12 ± 3 years, 56 % female) and 29 healthy weight children (age 14 ± 3 years, 41 % female) underwent CMR, including both standard cine imaging and displacement encoded imaging, for a complete assessment of left ventricular (LV) structure and function. After adjusting for age, LV mass index was 23 % greater (27 ± 4 g/m(2.7) vs 22 ± 3 g/m(2.7), p <0.001) and the LV myocardium was 10 % thicker (5.6 ± 0.8 mm vs 5.1 ± 0.8 mm, p <0.001) in the obese/overweight children. This evidence of cardiac remodeling was present in obese children as young as age 8. Twenty four percent of obese/overweight children had concentric hypertrophy, 59 % had normal geometry and 17 % had either eccentric hypertrophy or concentric remodeling. LV mass index, thickness, ejection fraction and peak longitudinal and circumferential strains all correlated with epicardial adipose tissue after adjusting for height and gender (all p <0.05). Peak longitudinal and circumferential strains showed a significant relationship with the type of LV remodeling, and were most impaired in children with concentric hypertrophy (p <0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Obese children show evidence of significant cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, which begins as young as age 8. Obese children with concentric hypertrophy and impaired strain may represent a particularly high risk subgroup that demands further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Jing
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Institute for Advanced Application, Geisinger Health System, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville Pennsylvania, PA, 17822-4400, USA
| | - Cassi M Binkley
- Department of Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Institute for Advanced Application, Geisinger Health System, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville Pennsylvania, PA, 17822-4400, USA
| | - Jonathan D Suever
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Institute for Advanced Application, Geisinger Health System, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville Pennsylvania, PA, 17822-4400, USA
| | - Nivedita Umasankar
- Department of Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christopher M Haggerty
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Institute for Advanced Application, Geisinger Health System, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville Pennsylvania, PA, 17822-4400, USA
| | - Jennifer Rich
- Center for Health Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Gregory J Wehner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sean M Hamlet
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David K Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Aurelia Radulescu
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - H Lester Kirchner
- Center for Health Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brandon K Fornwalt
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Institute for Advanced Application, Geisinger Health System, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville Pennsylvania, PA, 17822-4400, USA.
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19
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Haggerty CM, Jing L, Fornwalt BK. Of mice (dogs) and men: getting to the heart of obesity-associated cardiac dysfunction. Diabetologia 2016; 59:9-12. [PMID: 26518683 PMCID: PMC4764985 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Haggerty
- Institute for Advanced Application, Geisinger Clinic, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Linyuan Jing
- Institute for Advanced Application, Geisinger Clinic, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Brandon K Fornwalt
- Institute for Advanced Application, Geisinger Clinic, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
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20
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Broussard JL, Nelson MD, Kolka CM, Bediako IA, Paszkiewicz RL, Smith L, Szczepaniak EW, Stefanovski D, Szczepaniak LS, Bergman RN. Rapid development of cardiac dysfunction in a canine model of insulin resistance and moderate obesity. Diabetologia 2016; 59:197-207. [PMID: 26376797 PMCID: PMC5310691 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The worldwide incidence of obesity and diabetes continues to rise at an alarming rate. A major cause of the morbidity and mortality associated with obesity and diabetes is heart disease, yet the mechanisms that lead to cardiovascular complications remain unclear. METHODS We performed cardiac MRI to assess left ventricular morphology and function during the development of moderate obesity and insulin resistance in a well-established canine model (n = 26). To assess the influence of dietary fat composition, we randomised animals to a traditional lard diet (rich in saturated and monounsaturated fat; n = 12), a salmon oil diet (rich in polyunsaturated fat; n = 8) or a control diet (n = 6). RESULTS High-fat feeding with lard increased body weight and fasting insulin and markedly reduced insulin sensitivity. Lard feeding also significantly reduced left ventricular function, evidenced by a worsening of circumferential strain and impairment in left ventricular torsion. High-fat feeding with salmon oil increased body weight; however, salmon oil feeding did not impair insulin sensitivity or cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data emphasise the importance of dietary fat composition on both metabolic and cardiac function, and have important implications for the relationship between diet and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane L Broussard
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Michael D Nelson
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cathryn M Kolka
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Isaac Asare Bediako
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Rebecca L Paszkiewicz
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Laura Smith
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward W Szczepaniak
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lidia S Szczepaniak
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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21
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Pumphrey A, Yang Z, Ye S, Powell DK, Thalman S, Watt DS, Abdel-Latif A, Unrine J, Thompson K, Fornwalt B, Ferrauto G, Vandsburger M. Advanced cardiac chemical exchange saturation transfer (cardioCEST) MRI for in vivo cell tracking and metabolic imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:74-83. [PMID: 26684053 PMCID: PMC4907269 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An improved pre-clinical cardiac chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) pulse sequence (cardioCEST) was used to selectively visualize paramagnetic CEST (paraCEST)-labeled cells following intramyocardial implantation. In addition, cardioCEST was used to examine the effect of diet-induced obesity upon myocardial creatine CEST contrast. CEST pulse sequences were designed from standard turbo-spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences, and a cardiorespiratory-gated steady-state cine gradient-echo sequence. In vitro validation studies performed in phantoms composed of 20 mM Eu-HPDO3A, 20 mM Yb-HPDO3A, or saline demonstrated similar CEST contrast by spin-echo and gradient-echo pulse sequences. Skeletal myoblast cells (C2C12) were labeled with either Eu-HPDO3A or saline using a hypotonic swelling procedure and implanted into the myocardium of C57B6/J mice. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry confirmed cellular levels of Eu of 2.1 × 10(-3) ng/cell in Eu-HPDO3A-labeled cells and 2.3 × 10(-5) ng/cell in saline-labeled cells. In vivo cardioCEST imaging of labeled cells at ±15 ppm was performed 24 h after implantation and revealed significantly elevated asymmetric magnetization transfer ratio values in regions of Eu-HPDO3A-labeled cells when compared with surrounding myocardium or saline-labeled cells. We further utilized the cardioCEST pulse sequence to examine changes in myocardial creatine in response to diet-induced obesity by acquiring pairs of cardioCEST images at ±1.8 ppm. While ventricular geometry and function were unchanged between mice fed either a high-fat diet or a corresponding control low-fat diet for 14 weeks, myocardial creatine CEST contrast was significantly reduced in mice fed the high-fat diet. The selective visualization of paraCEST-labeled cells using cardioCEST imaging can enable investigation of cell fate processes in cardioregenerative medicine, or multiplex imaging of cell survival with imaging of cardiac structure and function and additional imaging of myocardial creatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Pumphrey
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zhengshi Yang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Shaojing Ye
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David K. Powell
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Scott Thalman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David S. Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jason Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Brandon Fornwalt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Ferrauto
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Moriel Vandsburger
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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22
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Pennell DJ, Baksi AJ, Prasad SK, Raphael CE, Kilner PJ, Mohiaddin RH, Alpendurada F, Babu-Narayan SV, Schneider J, Firmin DN. Review of Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2014. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:99. [PMID: 26589839 PMCID: PMC4654908 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There were 102 articles published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (JCMR) in 2014, which is a 6% decrease on the 109 articles published in 2013. The quality of the submissions continues to increase. The 2013 JCMR Impact Factor (which is published in June 2014) fell to 4.72 from 5.11 for 2012 (as published in June 2013). The 2013 impact factor means that the JCMR papers that were published in 2011 and 2012 were cited on average 4.72 times in 2013. The impact factor undergoes natural variation according to citation rates of papers in the 2 years following publication, and is significantly influenced by highly cited papers such as official reports. However, the progress of the journal's impact over the last 5 years has been impressive. Our acceptance rate is <25% and has been falling because the number of articles being submitted has been increasing. In accordance with Open-Access publishing, the JCMR articles go on-line as they are accepted with no collating of the articles into sections or special thematic issues. For this reason, the Editors have felt that it is useful once per calendar year to summarize the papers for the readership into broad areas of interest or theme, so that areas of interest can be reviewed in a single article in relation to each other and other recent JCMR articles. The papers are presented in broad themes and set in context with related literature and previously published JCMR papers to guide continuity of thought in the journal. We hope that you find the open-access system increases wider reading and citation of your papers, and that you will continue to send your quality papers to JCMR for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Pennell
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust & Imperial College, Sydney Street, London, SW 3 6NP, UK.
| | - A J Baksi
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust & Imperial College, Sydney Street, London, SW 3 6NP, UK.
| | - S K Prasad
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust & Imperial College, Sydney Street, London, SW 3 6NP, UK.
| | - C E Raphael
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust & Imperial College, Sydney Street, London, SW 3 6NP, UK.
| | - P J Kilner
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust & Imperial College, Sydney Street, London, SW 3 6NP, UK.
| | - R H Mohiaddin
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust & Imperial College, Sydney Street, London, SW 3 6NP, UK.
| | - F Alpendurada
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust & Imperial College, Sydney Street, London, SW 3 6NP, UK.
| | - S V Babu-Narayan
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust & Imperial College, Sydney Street, London, SW 3 6NP, UK.
| | - J Schneider
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust & Imperial College, Sydney Street, London, SW 3 6NP, UK.
| | - D N Firmin
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust & Imperial College, Sydney Street, London, SW 3 6NP, UK.
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23
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Abdesselam I, Pepino P, Troalen T, Macia M, Ancel P, Masi B, Fourny N, Gaborit B, Giannesini B, Kober F, Dutour A, Bernard M. Time course of cardiometabolic alterations in a high fat high sucrose diet mice model and improvement after GLP-1 analog treatment using multimodal cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:95. [PMID: 26546347 PMCID: PMC4636800 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular complications of obesity and diabetes are major health problems. Assessing their development, their link with ectopic fat deposition and their flexibility with therapeutic intervention is essential. The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate cardiac alterations and ectopic fat accumulation associated with diet-induced obesity using multimodal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in mice. The second objective was to monitor cardiac response to exendin-4 (GLP-1 receptor agonist). METHODS Male C57BL6R mice subjected to a high fat (35 %) high sucrose (34 %) (HFHSD) or a standard diet (SD) during 4 months were explored every month with multimodal CMR to determine hepatic and myocardial triglyceride content (HTGC, MTGC) using proton MR spectroscopy, cardiac function with cine cardiac MR (CMR) and myocardial perfusion with arterial spin labeling CMR. Furthermore, mice treated with exendin-4 (30 μg/kg SC BID) after 4 months of diet were explored before and 14 days post-treatment with multimodal CMR. RESULTS HFHSD mice became significantly heavier (+33 %) and displayed glucose homeostasis impairment (1-month) as compared to SD mice, and developed early increase in HTGC (1 month, +59 %) and MTGC (2-month, +63 %). After 3 months, HFHSD mice developed cardiac dysfunction with significantly higher diastolic septum wall thickness (sWtnD) (1.28 ± 0.03 mm vs. 1.12 ± 0.03 mm) and lower cardiac index (0.45 ± 0.06 mL/min/g vs. 0.68 ± 0.07 mL/min/g, p = 0.02) compared to SD mice. A significantly lower cardiac perfusion was also observed (4 months:7.5 ± 0.8 mL/g/min vs. 10.0 ± 0.7 mL/g/min, p = 0.03). Cardiac function at 4 months was negatively correlated to both HTGC and MTGC (p < 0.05). 14-day treatment with Exendin-4 (Ex-4) dramatically reversed all these alterations in comparison with placebo-treated HFHSD. Ex-4 diminished myocardial triglyceride content (-57.8 ± 4.1 %), improved cardiac index (+38.9 ± 10.9 %) and restored myocardial perfusion (+52.8 ± 16.4 %) under isoflurane anesthesia. Interestingly, increased wall thickness and hepatic steatosis reductions were independent of weight loss and glycemia decrease in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CMR longitudinal follow-up of cardiac consequences of obesity and diabetes showed early accumulation of ectopic fat in mice before the occurrence of microvascular and contractile dysfunction. This study also supports a cardioprotective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Abdesselam
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Pepino
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Troalen
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Michael Macia
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Ancel
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Brice Masi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Natacha Fourny
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Gaborit
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
- Endocrinology, Metabolic diseases and nutrition, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Benoît Giannesini
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Frank Kober
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Dutour
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
- Endocrinology, Metabolic diseases and nutrition, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France.
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24
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Haggerty CM, Mattingly AC, Kramer SP, Binkley CM, Jing L, Suever JD, Powell DK, Charnigo RJ, Epstein FH, Fornwalt BK. Left ventricular mechanical dysfunction in diet-induced obese mice is exacerbated during inotropic stress: a cine DENSE cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:75. [PMID: 26310667 PMCID: PMC4551701 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There is evidence of impaired left ventricular (LV) function associated with obesity, which may relate to cardiovascular mortality, but some studies have reported no dysfunction. Ventricular function data are generally acquired under resting conditions, which could mask subtle differences and potentially contribute to these contradictory findings. Furthermore, abnormal ventricular mechanics (strains, strain rates, and torsion) may manifest prior to global changes in cardiac function (i.e., ejection fraction) and may therefore represent more sensitive markers of cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated LV mechanics under both resting and stress conditions with the hypothesis that the LV mechanical dysfunction associated with obesity is exacerbated with stress and manifested at earlier stages of disease compared to baseline. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomized to a high-fat or control diet (60 %, 10 % kcal from fat, respectively) for varying time intervals (n = 7 - 10 subjects per group per time point, 100 total; 4 - 55 weeks on diet). LV mechanics were quantified under baseline (resting) and/or stress conditions (40 μg/kg/min continuous infusion of dobutamine) using cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) with 7.4 ms temporal resolution on a 7 T Bruker ClinScan. Peak strain, systolic strain rates, and torsion were quantified. A linear mixed model was used with Benjamini-Hochberg adjustments for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Reductions in LV peak longitudinal strain at baseline were first observed in the obese group after 42 weeks, with no differences in systolic strain rates or torsion. Conversely, reductions in longitudinal strain and circumferential and radial strain rates were seen under inotropic stress conditions after only 22 weeks on diet. Furthermore, stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) evaluation revealed supranormal values of LV radial strain and torsion in the obese group early on diet, followed by later deficits. CONCLUSIONS Differences in left ventricular mechanics in obese mice are exacerbated under stress conditions. Stress CMR demonstrated a broader array of mechanical dysfunction and revealed these differences at earlier time points. Thus, it may be important to evaluate cardiac function in the setting of obesity under stress conditions to fully elucidate the presence of ventricular dysfunction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Cardiotonic Agents/administration & dosage
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dobutamine/administration & dosage
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Linear Models
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Obesity/complications
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Risk Factors
- Stress, Mechanical
- Stress, Physiological
- Time Factors
- Torsion, Mechanical
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Haggerty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Geisinger Health System, Institute for Advanced Application, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
| | - Andrea C Mattingly
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Sage P Kramer
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Cassi M Binkley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Geisinger Health System, Institute for Advanced Application, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
| | - Linyuan Jing
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Geisinger Health System, Institute for Advanced Application, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Suever
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Geisinger Health System, Institute for Advanced Application, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
| | - David K Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Richard J Charnigo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Brandon K Fornwalt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Geisinger Health System, Institute for Advanced Application, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
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25
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Bakermans AJ, Abdurrachim D, Moonen RPM, Motaal AG, Prompers JJ, Strijkers GJ, Vandoorne K, Nicolay K. Small animal cardiovascular MR imaging and spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 88-89:1-47. [PMID: 26282195 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of MR imaging and spectroscopy for studying cardiovascular disease processes in small animals has increased tremendously over the past decade. This is the result of the remarkable advances in MR technologies and the increased availability of genetically modified mice. MR techniques provide a window on the entire timeline of cardiovascular disease development, ranging from subtle early changes in myocardial metabolism that often mark disease onset to severe myocardial dysfunction associated with end-stage heart failure. MR imaging and spectroscopy techniques play an important role in basic cardiovascular research and in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and therapy follow-up. This is due to the broad range of functional, structural and metabolic parameters that can be quantified by MR under in vivo conditions non-invasively. This review describes the spectrum of MR techniques that are employed in small animal cardiovascular disease research and how the technological challenges resulting from the small dimensions of heart and blood vessels as well as high heart and respiratory rates, particularly in mice, are tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianus J Bakermans
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Desiree Abdurrachim
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rik P M Moonen
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Abdallah G Motaal
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Prompers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Vandoorne
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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26
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Ávila-Vanzzini N, Machain Leyva CZ, Rodríguez Castellanos LE, Arias Godínez JA, Ruiz Esparza ME, Herrera Bello H. Excessive Weight and Obesity Are Associated to Intra-Ventricular Asynchrony: Pilot Study. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2015; 23:86-90. [PMID: 26140150 PMCID: PMC4486183 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2015.23.2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive weight and obesity (EwO) are independent factors in the development of heart failure; they lead to a state of myocardiopathy via inflammatory and hormonal mechanisms. If excessively accumulated, epicardial fat favors a proinflammatory state. Ventricular asynchrony is a marker of heart failure progression and has been poorly studied in EwO. The objective was evaluate the relation between epicardial fat, body mass index (BMI) and mechanical synchrony measured by echocardiography, in healthy individuals with EwO. Methods We included 55 healthy individuals between the ages of 18 and 35, 17 had a BMI < 25 kg/m2 (30.9%) and 38 had a BMI > 25 kg/m2 (EwO group) (69.09%), anthropometric measurements, transthoracic echocardiogram and synchrony evaluation were obtained. Results Left atrial volume, telediastolic and telesystolic left ventricular volumes and the baseline volume of the right ventricle were greater in the EwO group (20 mL/m2 vs. 15 mL/m2, p = 0.001; 106 mL vs. 82 mL, p = 0.0149 vs. 32 mL, p = 0.001 and 34 mm vs. 31 mm, p = 0.02, respectively). The Yu index also correlated with epicardial fat, r = 0.53, p < 0.01, whereby the greater the amount of epicardial fat, the greater the dispersion timing of ventricular activation. The systolic synchrony index also correlated with the BMI, p = 0.01. Conclusion Mechanical intraventricular asynchrony is associated to EwO and the amount of epicardial fat; hence, asynchrony may be one more factor leading to heart failure in EwO individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nydia Ávila-Vanzzini
- Department of Echocardiography, "Ignacio Chávez" National Cardiology Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
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27
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Jz H, X W, J F, Bj R, Km W, Sc T, Jg P, Ra C, M L, M H. Metabolite Signatures in Hydrophilic Extracts of Mouse Lungs Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Revealed by 1H NMR Metabolomics Investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5. [PMID: 26609465 PMCID: PMC4655886 DOI: 10.4172/2153-0769.1000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1H-NMR metabolomics was used to investigate the changes of metabolites in the lungs of mice with and without being exposed to a controlled amount of cigarette smoke. It was found that the concentrations of adenosine derivatives (i.e. ATP, ADP and AMP), inosine and uridine were significantly changed in the lungs of mice exposed to cigarette smoke when compared with controls regardless the mice were obese or of regular weight. The decreased ATP, ADP, AMP and elevated inosine suggested that the deaminases in charge of adenosine derivatives to inosine derivatives conversion would be significantly changed in the lungs of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Indeed, transcriptional study confirmed that the concentrations of adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2 and adenosine deaminase 2 were significantly changed in the lungs of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. We also found that the ratio of glycerophosphocholine (GPC) to phosphocholine (PC) was significantly increased in the lungs of obese mice compared with those of the regular weight mice. The GPC/PC ratio was further elevated in the lungs of obese group exposed to cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Jz
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Wang X
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA ; State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng J
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Robertson Bj
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Waters Km
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tilton Sc
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Pounds Jg
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Corley Ra
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Liu M
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu M
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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28
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Pennell DJ, Baksi AJ, Kilner PJ, Mohiaddin RH, Prasad SK, Alpendurada F, Babu-Narayan SV, Neubauer S, Firmin DN. Review of Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2013. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2014; 16:100. [PMID: 25475898 PMCID: PMC4256918 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-014-0100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There were 109 articles published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (JCMR) in 2013, which is a 21% increase on the 90 articles published in 2012. The quality of the submissions continues to increase. The editors are delighted to report that the 2012 JCMR Impact Factor (which is published in June 2013) has risen to 5.11, up from 4.44 for 2011 (as published in June 2012), a 15% increase and taking us through the 5 threshold for the first time. The 2012 impact factor means that the JCMR papers that were published in 2010 and 2011 were cited on average 5.11 times in 2012. The impact factor undergoes natural variation according to citation rates of papers in the 2 years following publication, and is significantly influenced by highly cited papers such as official reports. However, the progress of the journal's impact over the last 5 years has been impressive. Our acceptance rate is <25% and has been falling because the number of articles being submitted has been increasing. In accordance with Open-Access publishing, the JCMR articles go on-line as they are accepted with no collating of the articles into sections or special thematic issues. For this reason, the Editors have felt that it is useful once per calendar year to summarize the papers for the readership into broad areas of interest or theme, so that areas of interest can be reviewed in a single article in relation to each other and other recent JCMR articles. The papers are presented in broad themes and set in context with related literature and previously published JCMR papers to guide continuity of thought in the journal. We hope that you find the open-access system increases wider reading and citation of your papers, and that you will continue to send your quality manuscripts to JCMR for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudley John Pennell
- />Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP UK
- />Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Arun John Baksi
- />Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP UK
- />Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Philip John Kilner
- />Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP UK
- />Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Raad Hashem Mohiaddin
- />Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP UK
- />Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sanjay Kumar Prasad
- />Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP UK
- />Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Francisco Alpendurada
- />Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP UK
- />Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sonya Vidya Babu-Narayan
- />Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP UK
- />Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - David Nigel Firmin
- />Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP UK
- />Imperial College, London, UK
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Naresh NK, Chen X, Roy RJ, Antkowiak PF, Annex BH, Epstein FH. Accelerated dual-contrast first-pass perfusion MRI of the mouse heart: development and application to diet-induced obese mice. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:1237-45. [PMID: 24760707 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gene-modified mice may be used to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal myocardial blow flow (MBF). We sought to develop a quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging technique for mice and to test the hypothesis that myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) is reduced in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). METHODS A dual-contrast saturation-recovery sequence with ky -t undersampling and a motion-compensated compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm was developed for first-pass MRI on a small-bore 7 Tesla system. Control mice were imaged at rest and with the vasodilators ATL313 and Regadenoson (n = 6 each). In addition, we imaged mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks. RESULTS In control mice, MBF was 5.7 ± 0.8 mL/g/min at rest and it increased to 11.8 ± 0.6 mL/g/min with ATL313 and to 10.4 ± 0.3 mL/g/min with Regadenoson. In HFD mice, we detected normal resting MBF (5.6 ± 0.4 versus 5.0 ± 0.3 on control diet), low MBF at stress (7.7 ± 0.4 versus 10.4 ± 0.3 on control diet, P < 0.05), and reduced MPR (1.4 ± 0.2 versus 2.0 ± 0.3 on control diet, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Accelerated dual-contrast first-pass MRI with motion-compensated compressed sensing provides spatiotemporal resolution suitable for measuring MBF in free-breathing mice, and detected reduced MPR in DIO mice. These techniques may be used to study molecular mechanisms that underlie abnormal myocardial perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita K Naresh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Haggerty CM, Kramer SP, Binkley CM, Powell DK, Mattingly AC, Charnigo R, Epstein FH, Fornwalt BK. Reproducibility of cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance for measuring left ventricular strains, torsion, and synchrony in mice. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013; 15:71. [PMID: 23981339 PMCID: PMC3765995 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced measures of cardiac function are increasingly important to clinical assessment due to their superior diagnostic and predictive capabilities. Cine DENSE cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is ideal for quantifying advanced measures of cardiac function based on its high spatial resolution and streamlined post-processing. While many studies have utilized cine DENSE in both humans and small-animal models, the inter-test and inter-observer reproducibility for quantification of advanced cardiac function in mice has not been evaluated. This represents a critical knowledge gap for both understanding the capabilities of this technique and for the design of future experiments. We hypothesized that cine DENSE CMR would show excellent inter-test and inter-observer reproducibility for advanced measures of left ventricular (LV) function in mice. METHODS Five normal mice (C57BL/6) and four mice with depressed cardiac function (diet-induced obesity) were imaged twice, two days apart, on a 7T ClinScan MR system. Images were acquired with 15-20 frames per cardiac cycle in three short-axis (basal, mid, apical) and two long-axis orientations (4-chamber and 2-chamber). LV strain, twist, torsion, and measures of synchrony were quantified. Images from both days were analyzed by one observer to quantify inter-test reproducibility, while inter-observer reproducibility was assessed by a second observer's analysis of day-1 images. The coefficient of variation (CoV) was used to quantify reproducibility. RESULTS LV strains and torsion were highly reproducible on both inter-observer and inter-test bases with CoVs ≤ 15%, and inter-observer reproducibility was generally better than inter-test reproducibility. However, end-systolic twist angles showed much higher variance, likely due to the sensitivity of slice location within the sharp longitudinal gradient in twist angle. Measures of synchrony including the circumferential (CURE) and radial (RURE) uniformity of strain indices, showed excellent reproducibility with CoVs of 1% and 3%, respectively. Finally, peak measures (e.g., strains) were generally more reproducible than the corresponding rates of change (e.g., strain rate). CONCLUSIONS Cine DENSE CMR is a highly reproducible technique for quantification of advanced measures of left ventricular cardiac function in mice including strains, torsion and measures of synchrony. However, myocardial twist angles are not reproducible and future studies should instead report torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Haggerty
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sage P Kramer
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cassi M Binkley
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David K Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrea C Mattingly
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Richard Charnigo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brandon K Fornwalt
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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