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Ali E, Embaby A, Arafa SM, Elbana AK, Ghazala M, Ibrahim D. Electroconvulsive therapy improves hematological inflammatory markers in bipolar disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:351-357. [PMID: 37999745 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction and inflammation participate in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Abnormal levels of inflammatory markers, namely, red cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet distribution width (PDW), were detected in BD. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for various mental disorders including BD was linked to changes in these inflammatory mediators. Hence, we aimed to assess the impact of ECT on PDW and RDW in patients with BD. METHODS Seventy-two patients aged ≥ 16 were enrolled in the current prospective cohort study over 6 months, diagnosed as BD based on DSM-IV and indicated for ECT and complete blood count (CBC) drawn pre-ECT and after four ECT sessions. RESULTS By the end of the ECT sessions, we noticed a significant elevation in PDW with lowering in RDW levels. However, no significant differences were detected before and after ECT regarding platelet (PLTs) count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and Plateletcrit (PCT). CONCLUSION ECT seems to improve the CBC-derived inflammatory markers (RDW and PDW) subsequently, improving the underlying inflammatory process in BD without disturbing PLT homeostasis which support its anti-inflammatory role in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ali
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Embaby
- Clinical Hematology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharika, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Shaymaa M Arafa
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University for Girls, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kamal Elbana
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University for Men, Cairo, Egypt
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ghazala
- Clinical Sciences Department, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University for Girls, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Doskas T, Dardiotis E, Vavougios GD, Ntoskas KT, Sionidou P, Vadikolias K. Stroke risk in multiple sclerosis: a critical appraisal of the literature. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1132-1152. [PMID: 35369835 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2056459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that the occurrence of stroke on multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is higher compared to the general population. MS is a heterogeneous disease that involves an interplay of genetic, environmental and immune factors. The occurrence of stroke is subject to a wide range of both modifiable and non-modifiable, short- and long-term risk factors. Both MS and stroke share common risk factors. The immune mechanisms that underlie stroke are similar to neurodegenerative diseases and are attributed to neuroinflammation. The inflammation in autoimmune diseases may, therefore, predispose to an increased risk for stroke or potentiate the effect of conventional stroke risk factors. There are, however, additional determinants that contribute to a higher risk and incidence of stroke in MS. Due to the challenges that are associated with their differential diagnosis, the objective is to present an overview of the factors that may contribute to increased susceptibility or occurrence of stroke in MSpatients by performing a review of the available to date literature. As both MS and stroke can individually detrimentally affect the quality of life of afflicted patients, the identification of factors that contribute to an increased risk for stroke in MS is crucial for the prompt implementation of preventative therapeutic measures to limit the additive burden that stroke imposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Doskas
- Department of Neurology, Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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3
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Kara MZ, Kul M. Can Red Blood Cell and Platelet Parameters Be Associated With Inflammation in Children With Tic Disorder? Cureus 2023; 15:e47280. [PMID: 37881325 PMCID: PMC10594065 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tic disorder (TD) is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders and its etiology has not been fully elucidated. Complete blood count (CBC) values have been used as indicators of a systemic inflammatory response. In our study, we aimed to assess hemogram parameters in drug-naive, comorbidity-free children with TD compared with controls. METHODS This retrospective study included 62 drug-naive children with TD who had undergone CBC within one month prior to the study. A control group of 48 healthy children, matched for age and gender, without any organic or psychiatric disorders, was included. Statistical analysis was performed by using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results: Hematocrit (p = 0.044), mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.002), platelet count (p = 0.011), and plateletcrit (p = 0.031) values were significantly higher in the TD group, whereas mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.00) was significantly lower in the TD group. Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between the duration of illness and platelet (p = 0.05, r=-0.282), plateletcrit (p = 0.038, r = -0.295), and neutrophil count (p = 0.006, r = -0.391), while a positive correlation was found between the duration of illness and eosinophil count (p = 0.018, r = 0.336). CONCLUSION The results revealed several significant differences in hemogram parameters between TD patients and the control group. These may suggest the role of inflammation and/or other underlying mechanisms in TD and may inspire new studies. Future studies with larger and more homogeneous samples, including comprehensive inflammatory markers, may contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between inflammation and TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Zabit Kara
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, TUR
| | - Müslüm Kul
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Mersin, TUR
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4
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Sulimai N, Brown J, Lominadze D. Vascular Effects on Cerebrovascular Permeability and Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040648. [PMID: 37189395 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons and glial cells in the brain are protected by the blood brain barrier (BBB). The local regulation of blood flow is determined by neurons and signal conducting cells called astrocytes. Although alterations in neurons and glial cells affect the function of neurons, the majority of effects are coming from other cells and organs of the body. Although it seems obvious that effects beginning in brain vasculature would play an important role in the development of various neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative pathologies, significant interest has only been directed to the possible mechanisms involved in the development of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) for the last decade. Presently, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke applies considerable attention toward research related to VCID and vascular impairments during Alzheimer's disease. Thus, any changes in cerebral vessels, such as in blood flow, thrombogenesis, permeability, or others, which affect the proper vasculo-neuronal connection and interaction and result in neuronal degeneration that leads to memory decline should be considered as a subject of investigation under the VCID category. Out of several vascular effects that can trigger neurodegeneration, changes in cerebrovascular permeability seem to result in the most devastating effects. The present review emphasizes the importance of changes in the BBB and possible mechanisms primarily involving fibrinogen in the development and/or progression of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases resulting in memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Sulimai
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jason Brown
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - David Lominadze
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Silva TMVD, Stein AM, Coelho FGDM, Rueda AV, Camarini R, Galduróz RF. Circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A case-control study. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114126. [PMID: 36167216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelets seem to reflect the Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated either with vascular impairment or disease. This study aimed to compare the circulating levels of VEGF and platelets between AD patients and healthy older adults. METHODS Seventy-two older adults, divided in 40 older adults (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale - CDR = 0); and 32 Alzheimer's disease patients (clinically diagnosed - CRD = 1) participated in the present study. The groups were paired by sex, age, comorbidities and educational level. The primary outcomes included circulating plasma VEGF and platelet levels obtained by blood collection. RESULTS The VEGF levels were significantly different between the groups (p = 0.03), with having a large effect size ( η2 =18.15), in which the AD patients presented lower levels compared to healthy older adults. For platelets, the comparison showed a tendency to difference (p = 0.06), with a large effect size (η2 =12.95) between the groups. CONCLUSION The VEGF levels and the platelet numbers were reduced in AD patients, suggesting that angiogenic factors could be modified due to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thays Martins Vital da Silva
- Instituto Federal do Triangulo Mineiro, Campus Patos de Minas, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences, UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista) Physical Activity and Aging Lab (LAFE), Campus Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Angelica Miki Stein
- Institute of Biosciences, UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista) Physical Activity and Aging Lab (LAFE), Campus Rio Claro, Brazil; UTFPR, Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Midwestern Parana State University (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Gomes de Melo Coelho
- Institute of Biosciences, UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista) Physical Activity and Aging Lab (LAFE), Campus Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Andre Veloso Rueda
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Campus São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Campus São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruth Ferreira Galduróz
- Institute of Biosciences, UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista) Physical Activity and Aging Lab (LAFE), Campus Rio Claro, Brazil; Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, University Federal of ABC (UFABC), Campus São Bernardo, Brazil
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6
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Kulacaoglu F, Yıldırım YE, Aslan M, İzci F. Neutrophil to lymphocyte and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratios are promising inflammatory indicators of bipolar disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 2023; 77:77-82. [PMID: 36074909 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2022.2116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein (MHR) are indicators of inflammation. In this study, we aimed to examine the possible association between NLR, PLR, MLR, and MHR in the same patients with bipolar disorder (BD) during their manic, depressive, and euthymic episodes. METHODS The participants of this study consisted of 61 patients with BD, aged between 18 and 65, who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of BD. Patients who were hospitalized during their manic and depressive episodes and medication free for at least 1 month before hospitalization were included. White blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, and monocyte counts, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and C reactive protein (CRP) levels were recorded. RESULTS Leukocytes (p = 0.000), neutrophil (p = 0.009), monocyte counts (p = 0.012), CRP levels (p = 0.026), NLR (p = 0.025), and MHR (p = 0.011) values were significantly higher in their manic episode and depressive episode compared with the values in their remission period. There was no significant difference between manic and depressive episodes in terms of inflammation parameters. Significant positive correlations were found between the number of depressive episodes and patients' CRP levels (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS This study was the first study to examine the inflammatory markers such as NLR, MLR, PLR, and MHR levels in same patients with BD during their three episodes of disorder. Both NLR and MHR values in manic and depressive episodes were higher than euthymic episodes. NLR and MHR were useful inflammatory markers to evaluate inflammation in bipolar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Kulacaoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences University Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Metin Aslan
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences University Erenkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz İzci
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences University Erenkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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The multifaceted role of platelets in mediating brain function. Blood 2022; 140:815-827. [PMID: 35609283 PMCID: PMC9412009 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets, the small, anucleate blood cells that originate from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, are typically associated with coagulation. However, it is now apparent that platelets are more multifaceted than originally thought, with their function extending beyond their traditional role in hemostasis to acting as important mediators of brain function. In this review, we outline the broad repertoire of platelet function in the central nervous system, focusing on the similarities between platelets and neurons. We also summarize the role that platelets play in the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases, with a particular focus on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Finally, we highlight the exciting prospect of harnessing the unique features of the platelet proteome and extracellular vesicles, which are rich in neurotrophic, antioxidative, and antiinflammatory factors, for the development of novel neuroprotective and neuroregenerative interventions to treat various neurodegenerative and traumatic pathologies.
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8
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Relationships between diabetes-related vascular risk factors and neurodegeneration biomarkers in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 118:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Cocchi M, Mondo E, Romeo M, Traina G. The Inflammatory Conspiracy in Multiple Sclerosis: A Crossroads of Clues and Insights through Mast Cells, Platelets, Inflammation, Gut Microbiota, Mood Disorders and Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063253. [PMID: 35328673 PMCID: PMC8950240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic neurological disease characterized by demyelination and axonal loss. This pathology, still largely of unknown etiology, carries within it a complex series of etiopathogenetic components of which it is difficult to trace the origin. An inflammatory state is likely to be the basis of the pathology. Crucial elements of the inflammatory process are the interactions between platelets and mast cells as well as the bacterial component of the intestinal microbiota. In addition, the involvement of mast cells in autoimmune demyelinating diseases has been shown. The present work tries to hang up on that Ariadne’s thread which, in the molecular complexity of the interactions between mast cells, platelets, microbiota and inflammation, characterizes Multiple Sclerosis and attempts to bring the pathology back to the causal determinism of psychopathological phenomenology. Therefore, we consider the possibility that the original error of Multiple Sclerosis can be investigated in the genetic origin of the depressive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Mondo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Marcello Romeo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Traina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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10
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Sun Y, Langer HF. Platelets, Thromboinflammation and Neurovascular Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843404. [PMID: 35309326 PMCID: PMC8930842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain and spinal cord are immune-privileged organs, but in the disease state protection mechanisms such as the blood brain barrier (BBB) are ineffective or overcome by pathological processes. In neuroinflammatory diseases, microglia cells and other resident immune cells contribute to local vascular inflammation and potentially a systemic inflammatory response taking place in parallel. Microglia cells interact with other cells impacting on the integrity of the BBB and propagate the inflammatory response through the release of inflammatory signals. Here, we discuss the activation and response mechanisms of innate and adaptive immune processes in response to neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the clinical importance of neuroinflammatory mediators and a potential translational relevance of involved mechanisms are addressed also with focus on non-classical immune cells including microglia cells or platelets. As illustrative examples, novel agents such as Anfibatide or Revacept, which result in reduced recruitment and activation of platelets, a subsequently blunted activation of the coagulation cascade and further inflammatory process, demonstrating that mechanisms of neuroinflammation and thrombosis are interconnected and should be further subject to in depth clinical and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald F. Langer
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Harald F. Langer,
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11
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Brusov OS, Karpova NS, Oleichik IV, Faktor MI, Sizov SV. [The decrease in procoagulant activity of blood during combined therapy with antidepressants and antipsychotics in patients with endogenous mental disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:55-60. [PMID: 34932286 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112111155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the changes in thrombodynamics indices in two groups of patients with endogenous mental disorders before and after combined treatment with antipsychotics and antidepressants (AD + group) and those who did not receive antidepressants (AD-group). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 110 patients, aged from 16 to 60 years (median age [Q1; Q3] 29 years [22; 35]), admitted for inpatient treatment at the clinic of Mental Health Research Center with the following mental disorders: schizophrenia with attack-like/attack-progressive/continuous type of course (F20.00-2), schizotypal disorder with affective fluctuations (F21.3-4), affective disorder (F 31.1-5; F 32.0-3; F 33.0-3). The thrombodynamics test (TD) was carried out on a T-2 thrombodynamics device according to the manufacturer's instructions (Hemacore LLC, Moscow, Russia). RESULTS In patients with endogenous mental disorders after combined therapy with antidepressants and antipsychotics, a statistically significant decrease in the procoagulant activity of plasma and procoagulant spontaneous clots is observed, which indicates a decrease in the severity of systemic, immune inflammation. In patients with endogenous mental disorders after antipsychotic therapy without the addition of antidepressants, for most thrombodynamic parameters, there is no statistically significant decrease in procoagulant plasma activity and spontaneous clots formation. It indicates the persistence of acute systemic, immune inflammation in this group. CONCLUSION The statistically significant positive change in plasma and platelet hemostasis may testify that combined treatment with antipsychotics and antidepressants in patients with endogenous mental disorders may be a biological, pathogenetic link that promotes augmentation (extended action) of antipsychotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Brusov
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - N S Karpova
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - M I Faktor
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Sizov
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Váczi S, Barna L, Harazin A, Mészáros M, Porkoláb G, Zvara Á, Ónody R, Földesi I, Veszelka S, Penke B, Fülöp L, Deli MA, Mezei Z. S1R agonist modulates rat platelet eicosanoid synthesis and aggregation. Platelets 2021; 33:709-718. [PMID: 34697991 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1981843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is detected in different cell types and can regulate intracellular signaling pathways. S1R plays a role in the pathomechanism of diseases and the regulation of neurotransmitters. Fluvoxamine can bind to S1R and reduce the serotonin uptake of neurons and platelets. We therefore hypothesized that platelets express S1R, which can modify platelet function. The expression of the SIGMAR1 gene in rat platelets was examined with a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The receptor was also visualized by immunostaining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The effect of S1R agonist PRE-084 on the eicosanoid synthesis of isolated rat platelets and ADP- and AA-induced platelet aggregation was examined. S1R was detected in rat platelets both at gene and protein levels. Pretreatment with PRE-084 of resting platelets induced elevation of eicosanoid synthesis. The rate of elevation in thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin D2 synthesis was similar, but the production of prostaglandin E2 was higher. The concentration-response curve showed a sigmoidal form. The most effective concentration of the agonist was 2 µM. PRE-084 increased the quantity of cyclooxygenase-1 as detected by ELISA. PRE-084 also elevated the ADP- and AA-induced platelet aggregation. S1R of platelets might regulate physiological or pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Váczi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Theoretical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Gedeon Richter Talentum Foundation Scholarship, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L Barna
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - A Harazin
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - M Mészáros
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G Porkoláb
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Á Zvara
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - R Ónody
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - I Földesi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - S Veszelka
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - B Penke
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - L Fülöp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - M A Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Z Mezei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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13
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Mei Y, Yang J, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Li M, Fan S, Li L, Jiang C, Xu Y. Systemic Inflammation Index Values Are Associated With Worsened Disease Severity and Poor Response to Autoimmune Encephalitis Treatment. Front Neurol 2021; 12:709553. [PMID: 34675864 PMCID: PMC8523674 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.709553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Both specific and innate immune responses play important roles in autoimmune encephalitis (AE). We aimed to explore the predictive value of the systemic inflammation index (SII) at admission as a peripheral biomarker of treatment response of AE. A total of 146 patients diagnosed with AE in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1, 2018 to September 22, 2020 were retrospectively and consecutively analyzed as per the inclusion criteria and divided into two groups according to their response to immunotherapy after 30 days. The predictive value of the SII as a peripheral biomarker for AE treatment response was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, which showed that the best SII cut-off value for predicting poor response to AE treatment was 863.3; the area under the curve was 0.75, with 83.0% sensitivity and 72.0% specificity. The risk factors for poor response to AE treatment were analyzed; univariable analysis showed that the rate of decreased level of consciousness, rate of cognitive or mental behavior abnormality, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, blood neutrophils, platelets, time until treatment initiation, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and SII were significantly higher in patients with poor response to AE immunotherapy after 30 days than in patients with good response. Meanwhile, the blood lymphocyte counts and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores in patients with poor response were significantly lower than those in patients with good response (all p < 0.05), and multivariable binary logistic regression with backward stepwise method showed that decreased levels of consciousness, time until treatment initiation and SII were associated with poor response to immunotherapy. Moreover, the SII ≤ 863.3 group had lower rates of decreased consciousness levels, admission to the intensive care unit, and mechanical ventilation; lower cerebrospinal fluid pressure, blood neutrophil count, and platelet count; and higher blood lymphocyte count and GCS scores. The SII was associated with worsened disease severity and poor response to treatment after 30 days of the initially diagnosed AE, and patients with an SII > 863.3 were more likely to have poor response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Mei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanpeng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingli Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiheng Fan
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lanjun Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Anderson EW, Fishbein J, Hong J, Roeser J, Furie RA, Aranow C, Volpe BT, Diamond B, Mackay M. Quinolinic acid, a kynurenine/tryptophan pathway metabolite, associates with impaired cognitive test performance in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 2021; 8:e000559. [PMID: 34686589 PMCID: PMC8543639 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2021-000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interferon-alpha, an important contributor to SLE pathogenesis, induces the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in the kynurenine/tryptophan (KYN/TRP) pathway. This leads to a potentially neurotoxic imbalance in the KYN/TRP pathway metabolites, quinolinic acid (QA), an N-methyl D-aspartate glutamatergic receptor (NMDAR) agonist, and kynurenic acid (KA), an NMDAR antagonist. We determined whether QA/KA ratios associate with cognitive dysfunction (CD) and depression in SLE. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 74 subjects with SLE and 74 healthy control (HC) subjects; all without history of neuropsychiatric disorders. Serum metabolite levels (KYN, TRP, QA, KA) were measured concurrently with assessments of cognition (Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), 2×2 array), mood and pain, and compared between SLE and HC. Multivariable modelling in SLE was used to evaluate associations of metabolites with cognitive performance and depression. RESULTS Serum KYN/TRP and QA/KA ratios were elevated in SLE versus HC (p<0.0001). SLE performed worse than HC on four of five ANAM tests (all p≤0.02) and the 2×2 array (p<0.01), and had higher depression scores (p<0.01). In SLE, elevated QA/KA ratios correlated with poor performance on Match to Sample (MTS), a working memory and visuospatial processing task (p<0.05). Subjects with SLE with elevated QA/KA ratios also had slightly higher odds of depression, but this did not reach significance (p=0.09). Multivariable modelling in SLE confirmed an association between QA/KA ratios and poor MTS performance when considering potentially confounding factors (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum KYN/TRP and QA/KA ratios confirm KYN/TRP pathway activation in SLE. The novel association between increased QA/KA ratios and poor cognitive performance supports further study of this pathway as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for SLE-mediated CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W Anderson
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Joanna Fishbein
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Hong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Julien Roeser
- Charles River Laboratories, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Richard A Furie
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Cynthia Aranow
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Bruce T Volpe
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Meggan Mackay
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
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15
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Oyama T, Kinoshita H, Takekawa D, Saito J, Kushikata T, Hirota K. Higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width are associated with postoperative delirium in patients undergoing esophagectomy: a retrospective observational study. J Anesth 2021; 36:58-67. [PMID: 34595569 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-021-03007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether preoperative inflammatory markers, i.e., the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) can predict the development of postoperative delirium (POD) after esophagectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS This single-center, retrospective, observational study included 110 patients who underwent an esophagectomy. We assigned the patients with the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist score ≥ 4 to the POD group. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine whether the NLR, PLR, MPV, and PDW can be used to predict the development of POD. RESULTS The POD group had 20 patients; the non-POD group included the other 90 patients. Although only the preoperative NLR in the POD group was significantly higher than in the non-POD group (3.20 [2.52-4.30] vs. 2.05 [1.45-3.02], p = 0.001), multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that the following three parameters were independent predictors of POD: preoperative NLR ≥ 2.45 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 8.68, 95%CI 2.33-32.4, p = 0.001), MPV ≥ 10.4 (aOR: 3.93, 95%CI: 1.37-11.2, p = 0.011), and PDW ≥ 11.8 (aOR: 3.58, 95%CI: 1.22-10.5, p = 0.020). CONCLUSION Our analysis results demonstrated that preoperative NLR ≥ 2.45, MPV ≥ 10.4, and PDW ≥ 11.8 were significantly associated with a higher risk of POD after adjustment for possible confounding factors. However, as the AUCs of the preoperative MPV and PDW for the prediction of the development of POD in univariable ROC analyses were low, large prospective studies are needed to confirm this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Oyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Daiki Takekawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Junichi Saito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kushikata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hirota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
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16
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Dionisie V, Filip GA, Manea MC, Movileanu RC, Moisa E, Manea M, Riga S, Ciobanu AM. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, a Novel Inflammatory Marker, as a Predictor of Bipolar Type in Depressed Patients: A Quest for Biological Markers. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1924. [PMID: 33946871 PMCID: PMC8125288 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Recent research suggests inflammation as a factor involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammatory (SII) index ratios have been studied as peripheral markers of inflammation in bipolar and major depressive disorders. The purpose of this study is to comparatively analyze these inflammatory ratios among manic episodes of bipolar disorder, bipolar depression and unipolar depression. (2) Methods: 182 patients were retrospectively included in the study and divided into three groups: 65 manic patients, 34 patients with bipolar depression, and 83 unipolar depressive patients. White blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets were retrieved from the patients' database. NLR, MLR, PLR, and SII index were calculated using these parameters. (3) Results: Patients with manic episodes had elevated NLR (p < 0.001), MLR (p < 0.01), PLR (p < 0.05), and SII index (p < 0.001) compared to unipolar depression and increased NLR (p < 0.05) and SII index (p < 0.05) when compared to bipolar depression. NLR (p < 0.01) and SII index (p < 0.05) were higher in the bipolar depression than unipolar depression. NLR is an independent predictor of the bipolar type of depression in depressive patients. (4) Conclusions: The results confirm the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and suggest the ability of NLR as a marker for the differentiation of bipolar from unipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Dionisie
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Psychiatry, ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.M.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mihnea Costin Manea
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Psychiatry, ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.M.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Robert Constantin Movileanu
- Department of Psychiatry, ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.M.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Emanuel Moisa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- ‘Elias’ University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Manea
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Psychiatry, ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.M.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Sorin Riga
- Department of Stress Research and Prophylaxis, ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania;
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, 927180 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela Magdalena Ciobanu
- Department of Psychiatry, ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.M.); (A.M.C.)
- Neuroscience Department, Discipline of Psychiatry, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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17
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Orian JM, D'Souza CS, Kocovski P, Krippner G, Hale MW, Wang X, Peter K. Platelets in Multiple Sclerosis: Early and Central Mediators of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration and Attractive Targets for Molecular Imaging and Site-Directed Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620963. [PMID: 33679764 PMCID: PMC7933211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are clearly central to thrombosis and hemostasis. In addition, more recently, evidence has emerged for non-hemostatic roles of platelets including inflammatory and immune reactions/responses. Platelets express immunologically relevant ligands and receptors, demonstrate adhesive interactions with endothelial cells, monocytes and neutrophils, and toll-like receptor (TLR) mediated responses. These properties make platelets central to innate and adaptive immunity and potential candidate key mediators of autoimmune disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disease. An association between platelets and MS was first indicated by the increased adhesion of platelets to endothelial cells. This was followed by reports identifying structural and functional changes of platelets, their chronic activation in the peripheral blood of MS patients, platelet presence in MS lesions and the more recent revelation that these structural and functional abnormalities are associated with all MS forms and stages. Investigations based on the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) MS model first revealed a contribution to EAE pathogenesis by exacerbation of CNS inflammation and an early role for platelets in EAE development via platelet-neuron and platelet-astrocyte associations, through sialated gangliosides in lipid rafts. Our own studies refined and extended these findings by identifying the critical timing of platelet accumulation in pre-clinical EAE and establishing an initiating and central rather than merely exacerbating role for platelets in disease development. Furthermore, we demonstrated platelet-neuron associations in EAE, coincident with behavioral changes, but preceding the earliest detectable autoreactive T cell accumulation. In combination, these findings establish a new paradigm by asserting that platelets play a neurodegenerative as well as a neuroinflammatory role in MS and therefore, that these two pathological processes are causally linked. This review will discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of MS, for future applications for imaging toward early detection of MS, and for novel strategies for platelet-targeted treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Orian
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claretta S D'Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pece Kocovski
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Guy Krippner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew W Hale
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Dziedzic A, Saluk-Bijak J, Miller E, Niemcewicz M, Bijak M. The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Development of Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1804. [PMID: 33670394 PMCID: PMC7918534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global challenge. Currently, there is some information on the consequences of COVID-19 infection in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, as it is a newly discovered coronavirus, but its far-reaching effects on participation in neurodegenerative diseases seem to be significant. Recent cases reports showed that SARS-CoV-2 may be responsible for initiating the demyelination process in people who previously had no symptoms associated with any nervous system disorders. It is presently known that infection of SARS-CoV-2 evokes cytokine storm syndrome, which may be one of the factors leading to the acute cerebrovascular disease. One of the substantial problems is the coexistence of cerebrovascular disease and MS in an individual's life span. Epidemiological studies showed an enhanced risk of death rate from vascular disabilities in MS patients of approximately 30%. It has been demonstrated that patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection usually show increased levels of D-dimer, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), and overactivation of blood platelets, which are essential elements of prothrombotic events. In this review, the latest knowledge gathered during an ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the neurodegeneration processes in MS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dziedzic
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Elzbieta Miller
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Marcin Niemcewicz
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.N.); (M.B.)
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19
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Uzun N, Akıncı MA. Hemogram parameters in childhood anxiety disorders: Could anxiety disorders be related with inflammation? Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110440. [PMID: 33317847 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the etiology of anxiety disorders, immune system and inflammation are suggested to play a role. This study hypothesized that there is a relationship between anxiety disorders and inflammation. This retrospective study included 131 children and adolescents between the ages 6-17 who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders. Control group consisted of 131 healthy children with no history of psychiatric disorders or chronic inflammatory conditions. White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEU), lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, eosinophil values and other hematological markers were noted. From those values, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and other ratios were calculated. WBC and NEU values were significantly higher in children and adolescents with anxiety disorder compared to the control group. In addition, NLR, MLR and PLR values were significantly higher than the control group. Other measured parameters and calculated values did not differ between study groups. No statistically significant difference was found between Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) group, Social Anxiety Disorder group and Not Otherwise Specified Anxiety Disorders (AD-NOS) group in terms of hematological markers except RDW-CV. Only RDW-CV was found statistically significantly higher in AD-NOS group compared to GAD. These results show that there is an association between inflammation and anxiety disorders. Also, it is postulated that hematological parameters can be used as a useful marker in the follow-up of patients with anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necati Uzun
- Necmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Akif Akıncı
- Dr. Ali Kemal Belviranlı Maternity and Children Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Konya, Turkey
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20
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Yu Q, Weng W, Zhou H, Tang Y, Ding S, Huang K, Liu Y. Elevated Platelet Parameter in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:524-529. [PMID: 33121305 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) and inflammation are 2 major hypotheses in schizophrenia (SZ) pathogenesis, both of which involve platelets. However, the association between platelet and SZ has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes of platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT) in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES). Meanwhile, 3 inflammation markers, including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), were evaluated. Complete blood count of 106 FES patients, 82 first-episode depression (FED) patients, and 120 healthy controls (HCs) were compared. In addition, PLR, NLR, and MLR were calculated and compared among 3 groups. Our data suggested that PLT, MPV, P-LCR, PDW, PCT, NLR, PLR, and MLR in FES patients were significantly increased than those in the HCs (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05, respectively). PLT, PCT, PLR, and MLR in FED patients were significantly higher than those in the HCs (P < 0.01). However, no significant difference in MPV, P-LCR, and NLR was identified between FED patients and HCs (P > 0.05). Moreover, MPV, P-LCR, PDW, NLR, and MLR in FES patients were significantly higher than those in FED patients (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05, respectively). The elevation of PLT, MPV, P-LCR, PDW, PCT, NLR, PLR, and MLR in FES patients supported 5-HT and inflammation hypotheses in SZ pathogenesis. Further, our data suggested that increasing levels of MPV, P-LCR, PDW, NLR, and MLR might help to distinguish FES from FED. Clinical Trials.gov ID: 2018JJ2580.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wujin Weng
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Zhou
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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21
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Koudriavtseva T, Stefanile A, Fiorelli M, Lapucci C, Lorenzano S, Zannino S, Conti L, D'Agosto G, Pimpinelli F, Di Domenico EG, Mandoj C, Giannarelli D, Donzelli S, Blandino G, Salvetti M, Inglese M. Coagulation/Complement Activation and Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:548604. [PMID: 33193314 PMCID: PMC7655134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.548604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with an underlying immune-mediated and inflammatory pathogenesis. Innate immunity, in addition to the adaptive immune system, plays a relevant role in MS pathogenesis. It represents the immediate non-specific defense against infections through the intrinsic effector mechanism “immunothrombosis” linking inflammation and coagulation. Moreover, decreased cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and prolonged mean transit time (MTT) have been widely demonstrated by MRI in MS patients. We hypothesized that coagulation/complement and platelet activation during MS relapse, likely during viral infections, could be related to CBF decrease. Our specific aims are to evaluate whether there are differences in serum/plasma levels of coagulation/complement factors between relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients (RRMS) in relapse and those in remission and healthy controls as well as to assess whether brain hemodynamic changes detected by MRI occur in relapse compared with remission. This will allow us to correlate coagulation status with perfusion and demographic/clinical features in MS patients. Materials and Methods This is a multi-center, prospective, controlled study. RRMS patients (1° group: 30 patients in relapse; 2° group: 30 patients in remission) and age/sex-matched controls (3° group: 30 subjects) will be enrolled in the study. Patients and controls will be tested for either coagulation/complement (C3, C4, C4a, C9, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, factor II, VIII, and X, D-dimer, antithrombin, protein C, protein S, von-Willebrand factor), soluble markers of endothelial damage (thrombomodulin, Endothelial Protein C Receptor), antiphospholipid antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, complete blood count, viral serological assays, or microRNA microarray. Patients will undergo dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI using a 3.0-T scanner to evaluate CBF, CBV, MTT, lesion number, and volume. Statistical Analysis ANOVA and unpaired t-tests will be used. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Discussion Identifying a link between activation of coagulation/complement system and cerebral hypoperfusion could improve the identification of novel molecular and/or imaging biomarkers and targets, leading to the development of new effective therapeutic strategies in MS. Clinical Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04380220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Koudriavtseva
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziata Stefanile
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Lapucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Svetlana Lorenzano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Zannino
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Agosto
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, IRCC San Gallicano Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Pimpinelli
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, IRCC San Gallicano Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Mandoj
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistics, Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Donzelli
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neuroscience Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NEMOS), Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Radiology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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22
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Koukouraki P, Tsoupras A, Sotiroudis G, Demopoulos CA, Sotiroudis TG. Antithrombotic properties of Spirulina extracts against platelet-activating factor and thrombin. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Hasselbalch HC, Skov V, Kjær L, Sørensen TL, Ellervik C, Wienecke T. Myeloproliferative blood cancers as a human neuroinflammation model for development of Alzheimer's disease: evidences and perspectives. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:248. [PMID: 32829706 PMCID: PMC7444051 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and involvement of myeloid blood cells are associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Chronic inflammation is a highly important driving force for the development and progression of the chronic myeloproliferative blood cancers (MPNs), which are characterized by repeated thrombotic episodes years before MPN-diagnosis, being elicited by elevated erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. Mutations in blood cells, the JAK2V617F and TET2-mutations, contribute to the inflammatory and thrombogenic state. Herein, we discuss the MPNs as a human neuroinflammation model for AD development, taking into account the many shared cellular mechanisms for reduction in cerebral blood, including capillary stalling with plugging of blood cells in the cerebral microcirculation. The therapeutic consequences of an association between MPNs and AD are immense, including reduction in elevated cell counts by interferon-alpha2 or hydroxyurea and targeting the chronic inflammatory state by JAK1-2 inhibitors, e.g., ruxolitinib, in the future treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark. .,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Torben L Sørensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christina Ellervik
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Research, Production, Innovation, Roskilde, Region Zealand, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Troels Wienecke
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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24
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Zayas-Santiago A, Díaz-García A, Nuñez-Rodríguez R, Inyushin M. Accumulation of amyloid beta in human glioblastomas. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 202:325-334. [PMID: 32654112 PMCID: PMC7670151 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer types are intrinsically associated with specific types of amyloidosis, in which amyloid is accumulated locally inside tumors or systemically. Usually, this condition relates to the hyperproduction of specific amylogenic proteins. Recently, we found that the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide immunofluorescence is linked to glioma cells in mouse tumors. Here we report that amyloid-specific histochemical dyes reveal amyloid accumulation in all human glioma samples. Application of two different antibodies against Aβ peptide (a polyclonal antibody against human Aβ1-42 and a monoclonal pan-specific mAb-2 antibody against Aβ) showed that the amyloid in glioma samples contains Aβ. Amyloid was linked to glioma cells expressing glial-specific fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and to glioma blood vessels. Astrocytes close to the glioma site and to affected vessels also accumulated Aβ. We discuss whether amyloid is produced by glioma cells or is the result of systemic production of Aβ in response to glioma development due to an innate immunity reaction. We conclude that amyloid build-up in glioma tumors is a part of the tumor environment, and may be used as a target for developing a novel class of anti-tumor drugs and as an antigen for glioma visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zayas-Santiago
- Physiology Department, Medical School, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - A Díaz-García
- Physiology Department, Medical School, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - R Nuñez-Rodríguez
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - M Inyushin
- Physiology Department, Medical School, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
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25
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Oxidative Damage of Blood Platelets Correlates with the Degree of Psychophysical Disability in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2868014. [PMID: 32655763 PMCID: PMC7317616 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2868014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The results of past research studies show that platelets are one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) to be found in the course of many pathological states. The aim of this study was to determine the level of oxidative/nitrative stress biomarkers in blood platelets obtained from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (n = 110) and to verify their correlation with the clinical parameters of the psychophysical disability of patients. The mitochondrial metabolism of platelets was assessed by measuring the intracellular production of ROS using the fluorescence method with DCFH-DA dye and by identification of changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential of platelets using the JC-1 dye. Moreover, we measured the mRNA expression for the gene encoding the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (MTCO-1) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in platelets and megakaryocytes using the RT-qPCR method, as well as the concentration of NADPH oxidase (NOX-1) by the ELISA method. Our results proved an increased level of oxidative/nitrative damage of proteins (carbonyl groups, 3-nitrotyrosine) (p < 0.0001) and decreased level of -SH in MS (p < 0.0001) and also a pronounced correlation between these biomarkers and parameters assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale and the Beck's Depression Inventory. The application of fluorescence methods showed mitochondrial membrane potential disruption (p < 0.001) and higher production of ROS in platelets from MS compared to control (p < 0.0001). Our research has also confirmed the impairment of red-ox metabolism in MS, which was achieved by increasing the relative mRNA expression in platelets for the genes studied (2-fold increase for the MTCO-1 gene and 1.5-fold increase in GAPDH gene, p < 0.05), as well as the augmented concentration of NOX-1 compared to control (p < 0.0001). Our results indicate that the oxidative/nitrative damage of platelets is implicated in the pathophysiology of MS, which reflects the status of the disease.
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26
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Gao C, Wang H, Wang T, Luo C, Wang Z, Zhang M, Chen X, Tao L. Platelet regulates neuroinflammation and restores blood-brain barrier integrity in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2020; 154:190-204. [PMID: 32048302 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation accompanied by microglial activation triggers multiple cell death after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The secondary injury caused by inflammation may persist for a long time. Recently, platelet C-type lectin-like 2 receptor (CLEC-2) has been shown to regulate inflammation in certain diseases. However, its possible effects on TBI remain poorly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of platelet CLEC-2 in the pathological process of neuroinflammation after TBI. In this study, mice were subjected to sham or controlled cortical impact injury, and arbitrarily received recombinant platelet CLEC-2. In parallel, BV2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic microglial activation after TBI. Primary endothelial cells were also subjected to LPS in order to replicate the inflammatory damage caused by TBI. We used western blot analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunostaining to evaluate the role of platelet CLEC-2 in TBI. In conditional knock out platelet CLEC-2 mice, trauma worsened the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and amplified the release of inflammatory cytokines. In wild type mice subjected to controlled cortical impact injury, recombinant platelet CLEC-2 administration altered the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, reduced brain edema, and improved neurological function. In vitro, the polarization phenotype of microglia induced by LPS was transformed by recombinant platelet CLEC-2, and this conversion depended on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Endothelial cell injury by LPS was ameliorated when microglia expressed mostly M2 phenotype markers. In conclusion, platelet CLEC-2 regulates trauma-induced neuroinflammation and restores blood-brain barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zufeng Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiping Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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27
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Vasilyeva EF, Brusov OS. [Platelets, hemostasis and mental disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:103-108. [PMID: 31851180 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2019119111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are an easily accessible model for the study of biochemical mechanisms of mental diseases, including schizophrenia and depression. This literature review addresses a role of platelet activation in the pathogenesis of mental diseases. Platelet activation observed in patients with schizophrenia, depression and other mental illnesses is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and an increased risk of thrombotic complications, which can be the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with mental disorders. A deeper understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of mental disorders will help in the study of clinical consequences of these disorders and in choosing the right therapeutic strategy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O S Brusov
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Abstract
Injury typically results in the development of neuropathic pain, but the pain normally decreases and disappears in paralleled with wound healing. The pain results from cells resident at, and recruited to, the injury site releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators leading to the development of pro-inflammatory environment and causing nociceptive neurons to develop chronic ectopic electrical activity, which underlies neuropathic pain. The pain decreases as some of the cells that induce pro-inflammation, changing their phenotype leading to the blocking the release of pro-inflammatory mediators while releasing anti-inflammatory mediators, and blocking nociceptive neuron chronic spontaneous electrical activity. Often, despite apparent wound healing, the neuropathic pain becomes chronic. This raises the question of how chronic pain can be eliminated. While many of the cells and mediators contributing to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain are known, a better understanding is required of how the injury site environment can be controlled to permanently eliminate the pro-inflammatory environment and silence the chronically electrically active nociceptive neurons. This paper examines how methods that can promote the transition of the pro-inflammatory injury site to an anti-inflammatory state, by changing the composition of local cell types, modifying the activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory receptors, inducing the release of anti-inflammatory mediators, and silencing the chronically electrically active nociceptive neurons. It also examines the hypothesis that factors released from platelet-rich plasma applied to chronic pain sites can permanently eliminate chronic inflammation and its associated chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, 201 Blvd. del Valle, San Juan, PR, 00901, USA.
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29
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Kuffler DP. Injury-Induced Effectors of Neuropathic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:51-66. [PMID: 31701439 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Injuries typically result in the development of neuropathic pain, which decreases in parallel with wound healing. However, the pain may remain after the injury appears to have healed, which is generally associated with an ongoing underlying pro-inflammatory state. Injury induces many cells to release factors that contribute to the development of a pro-inflammatory state, which is considered an essential first step towards wound healing. However, pain elimination requires a transition of the injury site from pro- to anti-inflammatory. Therefore, developing techniques that eliminate chronic pain require an understanding of the cells resident at and recruited to injury sites, the factors they release, that promote a pro-inflammatory state, and promote the subsequent transition of that site to be anti-inflammatory. Although a relatively large number of cells, factors, and gene expression changes are involved in these processes, it may be possible to control a relatively small number of them leading to the reduction and elimination of chronic neuropathic pain. This first of two papers examines the roles of the most salient cells and mediators associated with the development and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain. The following paper examines the cells and mediators involved in reducing and eliminating chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, 201 Blvd. del Valle, San Juan, PR, 00901, USA.
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30
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Sonia D'Souza C, Li Z, Luke Maxwell D, Trusler O, Murphy M, Crewther S, Peter K, Orian JM. Platelets Drive Inflammation and Target Gray Matter and the Retina in Autoimmune-Mediated Encephalomyelitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:567-576. [PMID: 29757405 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite growing evidence for platelets as active players in infection and immunity, it remains unresolved whether platelets contribute to, or are key elements in the development of neuroinflammation. Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis, we identified platelet accumulation in the circulation by 7-day postinduction (dpi), ahead of clinical onset which occurs at 13-14 dpi. By inducing platelet depletion between 7 and 16 dpi, we demonstrate an association between platelet accumulation in the spinal cord and disease development. Additionally, we provide evidence for platelet infiltration in the white and gray matter parenchyma, but with different outcomes. Thus, while in white matter platelets are clearly associated with lesions, in gray matter large-scale platelet infiltration and expression of the platelet-specific molecule PF4 are detectable prior to T cell entry. In the retina, platelet accumulation also precedes clinical onset and is associated with significant increase in retinal thickness in experimental relative to control animals. Platelet accumulation increases over the disease course in this tissue, but without subsequent T cell infiltration. These findings provide definitive confirmation that platelet accumulation is key to EAE pathophysiology. Furthermore, they suggest an undescribed and, most importantly, therapeutically targetable mechanism of neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zenjiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
| | - Dain Luke Maxwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
| | - Oliver Trusler
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
| | - Melanie Murphy
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheila Crewther
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Espinosa-Parrilla Y, Gonzalez-Billault C, Fuentes E, Palomo I, Alarcón M. Decoding the Role of Platelets and Related MicroRNAs in Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:151. [PMID: 31312134 PMCID: PMC6614495 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate cells that circulate in blood and are essential components of the hemostatic system. During aging, platelet numbers decrease and their aggregation capacity is reduced. Platelet dysfunctions associated with aging can be linked to molecular alterations affecting several cellular systems that include cytoskeleton rearrangements, signal transduction, vesicular trafficking, and protein degradation. Age platelets may adopt a phenotype characterized by robust secretion of extracellular vesicles that could in turn account for about 70-90% of blood circulating vesicles. Interestingly these extracellular vesicles are loaded with messenger RNAs and microRNAs that may have a profound impact on protein physiology at the systems level. Age platelet dysfunction is also associated with accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Thereby understanding the mechanisms of aging in platelets as well as their age-dependent dysfunctions may be of interest when evaluating the contribution of aging to the onset of age-dependent pathologies, such as those affecting the nervous system. In this review we summarize the findings that link platelet dysfunctions to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Huntington's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. We discuss the role of platelets as drivers of protein dysfunctions observed in these pathologies, their association with aging and the potential clinical significance of platelets, and related miRNAs, as peripheral biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Espinosa-Parrilla
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine-LMM, Center for Education, Healthcare and Investigation-CADI, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism GERO, Santiago, Chile
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago, Chile
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Research Center for Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ivan Palomo
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago, Chile
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Research Center for Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago, Chile
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Research Center for Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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32
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Bijak M, Olejnik A, Rokita B, Morel A, Dziedzic A, Miller E, Saluk‐Bijak J. Increased level of fibrinogen chains in the proteome of blood platelets in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3476-3482. [PMID: 30838756 PMCID: PMC6484326 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate a high risk of stroke, heart failure and myocardial infarction in patients with multiple sclerosis, especially in its secondary progressive (SPMS) phase. Some ischaemic events are directly associated with abnormal platelet functions and their prothrombotic activity. Recent reports, including this study, confirm the increased activation of circulating platelets in SPMS, and also show increased platelet reactivity, among other responses, as well as strong aggregation. In this current study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the platelet proteome in SPMS patients and in healthy controls, to demonstrate the quantitative and qualitative differences likely to affect functional changes observed in SPMS. During densitometry evaluation of 2-D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis, we observed differences between the electrophoretic patterns of SPMS platelets and the control samples. To determine a detailed characterisation of the proteome changes in the SPMS patients' blood platelets, in the next stage, we performed mass spectrometry of selected spots and indicated the increased presence of four proteins (fibrinogen, α-2 macroglobulin, septin-14 and tubulin β-1 chain). The most important of these is the increased amount of prothrombotic protein, fibrinogen, which seems to confirm the accuracy of the imaging and potentially explains the increased risk of platelet-origin thrombotic events. This study provides new knowledge of the potential existence of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the acceleration of the platelet pro-coagulant function in SPMS. This can help to identify new targets for therapy, which can then be used not only in the second stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bijak
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General BiochemistryUniversity of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Alicja Olejnik
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Applied Radiation ChemistryLodz University of TechnologyLodzPoland
| | - Bozena Rokita
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Applied Radiation ChemistryLodz University of TechnologyLodzPoland
| | - Agnieszka Morel
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General BiochemistryUniversity of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Angela Dziedzic
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General BiochemistryUniversity of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Elzbieta Miller
- Department of Physical MedicineMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
- Neurorehabilitation Ward, III General Hospital in LodzLodzPoland
| | - Joanna Saluk‐Bijak
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General BiochemistryUniversity of LodzLodzPoland
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33
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Kola SM, Kumar P, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Pillay V. Hypothesis: Can drug-loaded platelets be used as delivery vehicles for blood-brain barrier penetration? Med Hypotheses 2019; 125:75-78. [PMID: 30902155 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurovascular conditions are disorders associated with the blood vessels of the brain that are extremely difficult to treat successfully due to the selectivity and fastidious nature of the blood- brain barrier. Consequently, the efficacy of the pharmacological treatments for these conditions are greatly reduced thereby resulting in large amounts of neurovascular-related morbidity and mortality. Platelets are an important component of blood that actively respond to neurovascular distress in the body. Recent research has proven the effectiveness of platelets as drug delivery vehicles, during circumstances where the body naturally elicits a platelet response. This hypothesis highlights the theoretical use of platelets as drug delivery vehicles, able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, for the treatment of two neurovascular conditions; glioblastoma multiforme and ischemic stroke. The success of the hypothesised system may lead to the development of a novel and extremely necessary delivery mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kola
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - P Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Y E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - L C du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - V Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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34
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Saluk-Bijak J, Dziedzic A, Bijak M. Pro-Thrombotic Activity of Blood Platelets in Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020110. [PMID: 30717273 PMCID: PMC6406904 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The available data, including experimental studies, clearly indicate an excessive intravascular activation of circulating platelets in multiple sclerosis (MS) and their hyper-responsiveness to a variety of physiological activators. Platelet activation is manifested as an increased adhesion and aggregation and is accompanied by the formation of pro-thrombotic microparticles. Activated blood platelets also show an expression of specific membrane receptors, synthesis many of biomediators, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Epidemiological studies confirm the high risk of stroke or myocardial infarction in MS that are ischemic incidents, strictly associated with incorrect platelet functions and their over pro-thrombotic activity. Chronic inflammation and high activity of pro-oxidative processes in the course of MS are the main factors identified as the cause of excessive platelet activation. The primary biological function of platelets is to support vascular integrity, but the importance of platelets in inflammatory diseases is also well documented. The pro-thrombotic activity of platelets and their inflammatory properties play a part in the pathophysiology of MS. The analysis of platelet function capability in MS could provide useful information for studying the pathogenesis of this disease. Due to the complexity of pathological processes in MS, medication must be multifaceted and blood platelets can probably be identified as new targets for therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Angela Dziedzic
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Michal Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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35
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Plantone D, Inglese M, Salvetti M, Koudriavtseva T. A Perspective of Coagulation Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis and in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis. Front Neurol 2019; 9:1175. [PMID: 30692962 PMCID: PMC6340371 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A key role of both coagulation and vascular thrombosis has been reported since the first descriptions of multiple sclerosis (MS). Subsequently, the observation of a close concordance between perivascular fibrin(ogen) deposition and the occurrence of clinical signs in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, led to numerous investigations focused on the role of thrombin and fibrin(ogen). Indeed, the activation of microglia, resident innate immune cells, occurs early after fibrinogen leakage in the pre-demyelinating lesion stage of EAE and MS. Thrombin has both neuroprotective and pro-apoptotic effects according to its concentration. After exposure to high concentrations of thrombin, astrocytes become reactive and lose their neuroprotective and supportive functions, microglia proliferate, and produce reactive oxygen species, IL-1β, and TNFα. Heparin inhibits the thrombin generation and suppresses EAE. Platelets play an important role too. Indeed, in the acute phase of the disease, they begin the inflammatory response in the central nervous system by producing of IL-1alpha and triggering and amplifying the immune response. Their depletion, on the contrary, ameliorates the course of EAE. Finally, it has been proven that the use of several anticoagulant agents can successfully improve EAE. Altogether, these studies highlight the role of the coagulation pathway in the pathophysiology of MS and suggest possible therapeutic targets that may complement existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Department of Neurology, Radiology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neuroscience Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NEMOS), Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Tatiana Koudriavtseva
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Kniewallner KM, Foidl BM, Humpel C. Platelets isolated from an Alzheimer mouse damage healthy cortical vessels and cause inflammation in an organotypic ex vivo brain slice model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15483. [PMID: 30341392 PMCID: PMC6195547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33768-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anuclear blood cells and play a major role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Platelets express amyloid-precursor protein (APP), release beta-amyloid (Aβ) and are stimulated (pre-activated) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesize that such stimulated platelets severely damage brain vessels which subsequently leads to cerebrovascular damage in AD. In order to study this issue we isolated platelets from AD mice (expressing APP with the Swedish-Dutch-Iowa mutations), labeled them with the red fluorescent dye PKH26 and transcardially infused these freshly isolated platelets into the brains of anesthetized healthy C57BL6 wildtype mice. Brains were immediately taken, 110 µm thick organotypic brain slices prepared and cultured for 1 or 14 days. We observed that red PKH26+ fluorescent platelets were localized in collagen IV and Lectin-649 counterstained cortical brain vessels and that platelets from AD mice severely damaged cortical brain vessels in wildtype mice and entered the brain parenchyma. Confocal microscopy showed immunoreactivity for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and beta-amyloid around these platelets. The effect was completely inhibited with an MMP inhibitor. Furthermore, isolated AD platelets caused inflammation and activated microglia around the site where platelets damaged cortical brain vessels. We conclude that AD-derived platelets more aggressively damage healthy vessels which may consequently play a role in the progression of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M Kniewallner
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Exp. Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina M Foidl
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Exp. Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Exp. Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Gundogmus İ, Algul A, Karagöz A, Kıyançiçek M. PDW and RDW are new parameters for bipolar episodes and unipolar depression. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1468616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Gundogmus
- Department of Psychiatry, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Algul
- Department of Psychiatry, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Karagöz
- Department of Psychiatry, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kıyançiçek
- Department of Psychiatry, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nurden A. Platelets, inflammation and tissue regeneration. Thromb Haemost 2017; 105 Suppl 1:S13-33. [DOI: 10.1160/ths10-11-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SummaryBlood platelets have long been recognised to bring about primary haemostasis with deficiencies in platelet production and function manifesting in bleeding while upregulated function favourises arterial thrombosis. Yet increasing evidence indicates that platelets fulfil a much wider role in health and disease. First, they store and release a wide range of biologically active substances including the panoply of growth factors, chemokines and cytokines released from α-granules. Membrane budding gives rise to microparticles (MPs), another active participant within the blood stream. Platelets are essential for the innate immune response and combat infection (viruses, bacteria, micro-organisms). They help maintain and modulate inflammation and are a major source of pro-inflammatory molecules (e.g. P-selectin, tissue factor, CD40L, metalloproteinases). As well as promoting coagulation, they are active in fibrinolysis; wound healing, angiogenesis and bone formation as well as in maternal tissue and foetal vascular remodelling. Activated platelets and MPs intervene in the propagation of major diseases. They are major players in atherosclerosis and related diseases, pathologies of the central nervous system (Alzheimers disease, multiple sclerosis), cancer and tumour growth. They participate in other tissue-related acquired pathologies such as skin diseases and allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, liver disease; while, paradoxically, autologous platelet-rich plasma and platelet releasate are being used as an aid to promote tissue repair and cellular growth. The above mentioned roles of platelets are now discussed.
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Lai JCY, Rocha-Ferreira E, Ek CJ, Wang X, Hagberg H, Mallard C. Immune responses in perinatal brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 63:210-223. [PMID: 27865947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The perinatal period has often been described as immune deficient. However, it has become clear that immune responses in the neonate following exposure to microbes or as a result of tissue injury may be substantial and play a role in perinatal brain injury. In this article we will review the immune cell composition under normal physiological conditions in the perinatal period, both in the human and rodent. We will summarize evidence of the inflammatory responses to stimuli and discuss how neonatal immune activation, both in the central nervous system and in the periphery, may contribute to perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline C Y Lai
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eridan Rocha-Ferreira
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Joakim Ek
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Lim B, Yao Y, Huang ALI, Yap ML, Flierl U, Palasubramaniam J, Zaldivia MT, Wang X, Peter K. A Unique Recombinant Fluoroprobe Targeting Activated Platelets Allows In Vivo Detection of Arterial Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Using a Novel Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Emission Computed Tomography (FLECT) Technology. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1047-1061. [PMID: 28435447 PMCID: PMC5399575 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in pharmaceutical development is highly-dependent on preclinical in vivo animal studies. Small animal imaging is invaluable for the identification of new disease markers and the evaluation of drug efficacy. Here, we report for the first time the use of a three-dimensional fluorescence bioimager called FLuorescence Emission Computed Tomography (FLECT) for the detection of a novel recombinant fluoroprobe that is safe, easily prepared on a large scale and stably stored prior to scan. This novel fluoroprobe (Targ-Cy7) comprises a single-chain antibody-fragment (scFvTarg), which binds exclusively to activated-platelets, conjugated to a near-infrared (NIR) dye, Cy7, for detection. Upon mouse carotid artery injury, the injected fluoroprobe circulates and binds within the platelet-rich thrombus. This specific in vivo binding of the fluoroprobe to the thrombus, compared to its non-targeting control-fluoroprobe, is detected by the FLECT imager. The analyzed FLECT image quantifies the NIR signal and localizes it to the site of vascular injury. The detected fluorescence is further verified using a two-dimensional IVIS® Lumina scanner, where significant NIR fluorescence is detected in vivo at the thrombotic site, and ex vivo, at the injured carotid artery. Furthermore, fluorescence levels in various organs have also been quantified for biodistribution, with the highest fluoroprobe uptake shown to be in the injured artery. Subsequently, this live animal imaging technique is successfully employed to monitor the response of the induced thrombus to treatment over time. This demonstrates the potential of using longitudinal FLECT scanning to examine the efficacy of candidate drugs in preclinical settings. Besides intravascular thrombosis, we have shown that this non-invasive FLECT-imaging can also detect in vivo pulmonary embolism. Overall, this report describes a novel fluorescence-based preclinical imaging modality that uses an easy-to-prepare and non-radioactive recombinant fluoroprobe. This represents a unique tool to study mechanisms of thromboembolic diseases and it will strongly facilitate the in vivo testing of antithrombotic drugs. Furthermore, the non-radiation nature, low-cost, high sensitivity, and the rapid advancement of optical scanning technologies make this fluorescence imaging an attractive development for future clinical applications.
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The Inflammatory Role of Platelets: Translational Insights from Experimental Studies of Autoimmune Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101723. [PMID: 27754414 PMCID: PMC5085754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their indispensable role in hemostasis, platelets have shown to affect the development of inflammatory disorders, as they have been epidemiologically and mechanistically linked to diseases featuring an inflammatory reaction in inflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disorders. The identification of novel molecular mechanisms linking inflammation and to platelets has highlighted them as new targets for therapeutic interventions. In particular, genetic and pharmacological studies have identified an important role for platelets in neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the main molecular links between platelets and inflammation, focusing on immune regulatory factors, receptors, cellular targets and signaling pathways by which they can amplify inflammatory reactions and that make them potential therapeutic targets.
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Hutter-Schmid B, Humpel C. Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin mRNA and Protein Are Increased in Isolated Brain Vessel Extracts of Alzheimer Mice. Pharmacology 2016; 98:251-260. [PMID: 27463512 DOI: 10.1159/000448007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, characterized by extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, intracellular tau pathology, neurodegeneration and inflammation. There is clear evidence that the blood-brain barrier is damaged in AD and that vessel function is impaired. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) is a prominent protein expressed on brain vessels, especially in cells located closer to the arteriole end of the capillaries, which possibly influences the blood vessel contraction. The aim of the present study was to observe αSMA protein and mRNA expression in isolated brain vessel extracts and cortex in an Alzheimer mouse model with strong Aβ plaque deposition. Our data revealed a prominent expression of αSMA protein in isolated brain vessel extracts of AD mice by Western blot analysis. Immunostaining showed that these vessels were associated with Aβ plaques. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed this increase at the mRNA expression level and showed a significant increase of transforming growth factor beta-1 mRNA expression in AD mice. In situ hybridization demonstrated a strong expression pattern of αSMA mRNA in the whole cortex and hippocampus. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that αSMA protein and mRNA are enhanced in vessels in an AD mouse model, possibly counteracting vessel malfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Hutter-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Koudriavtseva T. Commentary: Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis (Weston-Hurst Syndrome) in a Patient with Relapse-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:207. [PMID: 27252706 PMCID: PMC4879124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Koudriavtseva
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University , Rome , Italy
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Platelet and Erythrocyte Indexes in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I. Arch Rheumatol 2016; 31:359-362. [PMID: 30375558 DOI: 10.5606/archrheumatol.2016.6045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to compare the levels of platelet and erythrocyte indexes including mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width (PDW), and red blood cell distribution (RDW) values between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I patients and healthy controls to establish a marker of neuroinflammation that might be a potential factor involved in CRPS etiopathogenesis. Patients and methods A total of 21 patients (14 males, 7 females; mean age 35.0±15.4 years; range 15 to 69 years) with a diagnosis of CRPS type I and 44 age- and sex-similar healthy controls (29 males, 15 females; mean age 35.8±8.5 years; range 16 to 53 years) were included in this study. Mean platelet volume, PDW, RDW, white blood count, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein levels, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and thrombocyte to lymphocyte ratio were compared between the patient and control groups. Results No differences were noted between patient and control groups in terms of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels, white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte and thrombocyte counts, and neutrophil to lymphocyte and thrombocyte to lymphocyte ratios (all p>0.05). When compared with controls, patients had significantly higher mean corpuscular volume (p=0.019) and RDW (p=0.002) values, and a lower PDW level (p=0.006). Conclusion Differences in PDW, RDW, and mean corpuscular volume values between patients and controls might support the potential role of neuroinflammation in the etiopathogenesis of CRPS type I. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are warranted in the early detection and differential diagnosis of CRPS type I.
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Kniewallner KM, Ehrlich D, Kiefer A, Marksteiner J, Humpel C. Platelets in the Alzheimer's disease brain: do they play a role in cerebral amyloid angiopathy? Curr Neurovasc Res 2015; 12:4-14. [PMID: 25557380 PMCID: PMC4442621 DOI: 10.2174/1567202612666150102124703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular beta-amyloid plaques and
intracellular tau tangles. AD-related pathology is often accompanied by vascular changes. The predominant
vascular lesions in AD are cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and arteriosclerosis. Platelets circulate
along the vessel wall responding immediately to vascular injury. The aim of the present study was to
explore the presence and migration of platelets (thrombocytes) to sites of small vascular bleedings and/or
to beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. We infused fluorescently labeled red PKH26 mouse platelets into
transgenic Alzheimer mice overexpressing APP with Swedish/Dutch/Iowa mutations (APP_SDI) and
explored if platelets migrate into the brain. Further we studied whether platelets accumulate in the vicinity
of β-amyloid plaques. Our animal data shows that infused platelets are found in the liver and partly in the lung, while in
the brain platelets were visible to a minor degree. In mice, we did not observe a significant association of platelets with
beta-amyloid plaques or vessels. In the brain of Alzheimer postmortem patients platelets could be detected by
immunohistochemistry for CD41 and CD62P, but the majority was found in vessels with or without beta-amyloid load,
and only a few single platelets migrated deeper into the brain. Our findings suggest that platelets do not migrate into the
brains of Alzheimer disease but are concentrated in brain vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christian Humpel
- Deparment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Starossom SC, Veremeyko T, Yung AWY, Dukhinova M, Au C, Lau AY, Weiner HL, Ponomarev ED. Platelets Play Differential Role During the Initiation and Progression of Autoimmune Neuroinflammation. Circ Res 2015; 117:779-92. [PMID: 26294656 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Platelets are known to participate in vascular pathologies; however, their role in neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), is unknown. Autoimmune CD4 T cells have been the main focus of studies of MS, although the factors that regulate T-cell differentiation toward pathogenic T helper-1/T helper-17 phenotypes are not completely understood. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of platelets in the modulation of CD4 T-cell functions in patients with MS and in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalitis, an animal model for MS. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that early in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalitis, platelets degranulated and produced soluble factors serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), platelet factor 4, and platelet-activating factor, which specifically stimulated differentiation of T cells toward pathogenic T helper-1, T helper-17, and interferon-γ/interleukin-17-producing CD4 T cells. At the later stages of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalitis, platelets became exhausted in their ability to produce proinflammatory factors and stimulate CD4 T cells but substantially increased their ability to form aggregates with CD4 T cells. Formation of platelet-CD4 T-cell aggregates involved the interaction of CD62P on activated platelets with adhesion molecule CD166 on activated CD4 T cells, contributing to downmodulation of CD4 T-cell activation, proliferation, and production of interferon-γ. Blocking of formation of platelet-CD4 T-cell aggregates during progression of experimental autoimmune encephalitis substantially enhanced proliferation of CD4 T cells in the central nervous system and the periphery leading to exacerbation of the disease. CONCLUSION Our study indicates differential roles for platelets in the regulation of functions of pathogenic CD4 T cells during initiation and progression of central nervous system autoimmune inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Starossom
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tatyana Veremeyko
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Amanda W Y Yung
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Marina Dukhinova
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheryl Au
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alexander Y Lau
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Howard L Weiner
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eugene D Ponomarev
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Kazanis I, Feichtner M, Lange S, Rotheneichner P, Hainzl S, Öller M, Schallmoser K, Rohde E, Reitsamer HA, Couillard-Despres S, Bauer HC, Franklin RJM, Aigner L, Rivera FJ. Lesion-induced accumulation of platelets promotes survival of adult neural stem / progenitor cells. Exp Neurol 2015; 269:75-89. [PMID: 25819103 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The presence of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in specific areas of the central nervous system (CNS) supports tissue maintenance as well as regeneration. The subependymal zone (SEZ), located at the lateral ventricle's wall, represents a niche for NSPCs and in response to stroke or demyelination becomes activated with progenitors migrating towards the lesion and differentiating into neurons and glia. The mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon remain largely unknown. The vascular niche and in particular blood-derived elements such as platelets, has been shown to contribute to CNS regeneration in different pathological conditions. Indeed, intracerebroventricularly administrated platelet lysate (PL) stimulates angiogenesis, neurogenesis and neuroprotection in the damaged CNS. Here, we explored the presence of platelets in the activated SEZ after a focal demyelinating lesion in the corpus callosum of mice and we studied the effects of PL on proliferating SEZ-derived NSPCs in vitro. We showed that the lesion-induced increase in the size of the SEZ and in the number of proliferating SEZ-resident NSPCs correlates with the accumulation of platelets specifically along the activated SEZ vasculature. Expanding on this finding, we demonstrated that exposure of NSPCs to PL in vitro led to increased numbers of cells by enhanced cell survival and reduced apoptosis without differences in proliferation and in the differentiation potential of NSPCs. Finally, we demonstrate that the accumulation of platelets within the SEZ is spatially correlated with reduced numbers of apoptotic cells when compared to other periventricular areas. In conclusion, our results show that platelet-derived compounds specifically promote SEZ-derived NSPC survival and suggest that platelets might contribute to the enlargement of the pool of SEZ NSPCs that are available for CNS repair in response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Kazanis
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Martina Feichtner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Federal Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Simona Lange
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Rotheneichner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Hainzl
- Division of Molecular Dermatology and EB House Austria, Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michaela Öller
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Federal Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Federal Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eva Rohde
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Federal Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert A Reitsamer
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Ophthalmology/Optometry and Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hans-Christian Bauer
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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49
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Abstract
Aspirin is widely used to lessen the risks of cardiovascular events. Some studies suggest that patients with multiple sclerosis have an increased risk for some cardiovascular events, for example, venous thromboembolism and perhaps ischemic strokes, raising the possibility that aspirin could lessen these increased risks in this population or subgroups (patients with limited mobility and/or antiphospholipid antibodies). However, aspirin causes a small increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke, which is a concern as it could potentially worsen a compromised blood-brain barrier. Aspirin has the potential to ameliorate the disease process in multiple sclerosis (for example, by limiting some components of inflammation), but aspirin also has the potential to inhibit mitochondrial complex I activity, which is already reduced in multiple sclerosis. In an experimental setting of a cerebral ischemic lesion, aspirin promoted the proliferation and/or differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursors, raising the possibility that aspirin could facilitate remyelination efforts in multiple sclerosis. Other actions by aspirin may lead to small improvements of some symptoms (for example, lessening fatigue). Here we consider potential benefits and risks of aspirin usage by patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Tsau
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Mitchell R Emerson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA.
| | - Sharon G Lynch
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Steven M LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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50
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Relationship between the Increased Haemostatic Properties of Blood Platelets and Oxidative Stress Level in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with the Secondary Progressive Stage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:240918. [PMID: 26064417 PMCID: PMC4429191 DOI: 10.1155/2015/240918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with complex pathogenesis, different clinical courses and recurrent neurological relapses and/or progression. Despite various scientific papers that focused on early stage of MS, our study targets selective group of late stage secondary progressive MS patients. The presented work is concerned with the reactivity of blood platelets in primary hemostasis in SP MS patients. 50 SP MS patients and 50 healthy volunteers (never diagnosed with MS or other chronic diseases) were examined to evaluate the biological activity of blood platelets (adhesion, aggregation), especially their response to the most important physiological agonists (thrombin, ADP, and collagen) and the effect of oxidative stress on platelet activity. We found that the blood platelets from SP MS patients were significantly more sensitive to all used agonists in comparison with control group. Moreover, the platelet hemostatic function was advanced in patients suffering from SP MS and positively correlated with increased production of O2−∙ in these cells, as well as with Expanded Disability Status Scale. We postulate that the increased oxidative stress in blood platelets in SP MS may be primarily responsible for the altered haemostatic properties of blood platelets.
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