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Martz J, Shelton MA, Geist L, Seney ML, Kentner AC. Sex differences in offspring risk and resilience following 11β-hydroxylase antagonism in a rodent model of maternal immune activation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1078-1090. [PMID: 38007547 PMCID: PMC11109257 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) puts offspring at greater risk for neurodevelopmental disorders associated with impaired social behavior. While it is known that immune signaling through maternal, placental, and fetal compartments contributes to these phenotypical changes, it is unknown to what extent the stress response to illness is involved and how it can be harnessed for potential interventions. To this end, on gestational day 15, pregnant rat dams were administered the bacterial mimetic lipopolysaccharide (LPS; to induce MIA) alongside metyrapone, a clinically available 11β-hydroxylase (11βHSD) inhibitor used to treat hypercortisolism in pregnant, lactating, and neonatal populations. Maternal, placental, and fetal brain levels of corticosterone and placental 11βHSD enzymes type 1 and 2 were measured 3-hrs post treatment. Offspring social behaviors were evaluated across critical phases of development. MIA was associated with increased maternal, placental, and fetal brain corticosterone concentrations that were diminished with metyrapone exposure. Metyrapone protected against reductions in placental 11βHSD2 in males only, suggesting that less corticosterone was inactivated in female placentas. Behaviorally, metyrapone-exposure attenuated MIA-induced social disruptions in juvenile, adolescent, and adult males, while females were unaffected or performed worse. Metyrapone-exposure reversed MIA-induced transcriptional changes in monoamine-, glutamate-, and GABA-related genes in adult male ventral hippocampus, but not in females. Taken together, these findings illustrate that MIA-induced HPA responses act alongside the immune system to produce behavioral deficits. As a clinically available drug, the sex-specific benefits and constraints of metyrapone should be investigated further as a potential means of reducing neurodevelopmental risks due to gestational MIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Martz
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Micah A Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Laurel Geist
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marianne L Seney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Amanda C Kentner
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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2
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Costantini E, Carrarini C, Calisi D, De Rosa M, Simone M, Di Crosta A, Palumbo R, Cipollone A, Aielli L, De Laurentis M, Colarusso L, Pilotto A, Padovani A, Konstantinidou F, Gatta V, Stuppia L, Cipollone F, Di Nicola M, Reale M, Bonanni L. Search in the Periphery for Potential Inflammatory Biomarkers of Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:1147-1158. [PMID: 38759010 PMCID: PMC11191525 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation, with altered peripheral proinflammatory cytokine production, plays a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), while the role of inflammation in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is less known and the results of different studies are often in disagreement. Objective The present study aimed to investigate the levels of TNFα and IL-6 in serum and supernatants, and the related DNA methylation in patients affected by DLB and AD compared to healthy controls (HCs), to clarify the role of epigenetic mechanisms of DNA promoter methylation on of pro-inflammatory cytokines overproduction. Methods Twenty-one patients with DLB and fourteen with AD were frequency-matched for age and sex with eleven HCs. Clinical evaluation, TNFα and IL-6 gene methylation status, cytokine gene expression levels and production in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants were performed. Results In AD and DLB patients, higher serum levels of IL-6 and TNFα were detected than in HCs. Differences in LPS-stimulated versus spontaneous PBMCs were observed between DLB, AD, and HC in the levels of TNFα (p = 0.027) and IL-6 (p < 0.001). Higher levels were also revealed for sIL-6R in DLB (p < 0.001) and AD (p < 0.001) in comparison with HC.DNA hypomethylation in IL-6 and TNFα CpG promoter sites was detected for DLB and AD patients compared to the corresponding site in HCs. Conclusions Our preliminary study documented increased levels of IL-6 and TNFα in DLB and AD patients to HCs. This overproduction can be due to epigenetic mechanisms regarding the hypomethylation of DNA promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudia Carrarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Calisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo De Rosa
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marianna Simone
- Clinics of Neurology SS. Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adolfo Di Crosta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Cipollone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lisa Aielli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Pilotto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Parkinson’s Disease Rehabilitation Centre, FERB ONLUS-S, Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fani Konstantinidou
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Cipollone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
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3
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Mukherjee S, Ghosh S, Bawali S, Chatterjee R, Saha A, Sengupta A, Keswani T, Sarkar S, Ghosh P, Chakraborty S, Khamaru P, Bhattacharyya A. Administration of soluble gp130Fc disrupts M-1 macrophage polarization, dendritic cell activation, MDSC expansion and Th-17 induction during experimental cerebral malaria. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110671. [PMID: 37494839 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory effect of IL-6 on various immune cells plays a crucial role during experimental cerebral malaria pathogenesis. IL-6 neutralization can restore distorted ratios of myeloid dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells as well as the balance between Th-17 and T-regulatory cells. IL-6 can also influence immune cells through classical and trans IL-6 signalling pathways. As trans IL-6 signalling is reportedly involved during malaria pathogenesis, we focused on studying the effects of trans IL-6 signalling blockade on various immune cell populations and how they regulate ECM progression. Results show that administration of sgp130Fc recombinant chimera protein lowers the parasitemia, increases the survivability of Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected mice, and restores the distorted ratios of M1/M2 macrophage, mDC/pDC, and Th-17/Treg. IL-6 trans signalling blockade has been found to affect both expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and expression of inflammatory markers on them during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection indicating that trans IL-6 signalling might regulate various immune cells and their function during ECM. In this work for the first time, we delineate the effect of sgp130Fc administration on influencing the immunological changes within the host secondary lymphoid organ during ECM induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mukherjee
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Soubhik Ghosh
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sriparna Bawali
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Rimbik Chatterjee
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Atreyee Saha
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Sengupta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tarun Keswani
- Center for Immunological and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 149 13th Street Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Samrat Sarkar
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Pronabesh Ghosh
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Poulomi Khamaru
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India.
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Dos Santos NL, Lenert ME, Castillo ZW, Mody PH, Thompson LT, Burton MD. Age and sex drive differential behavioral and neuroimmune phenotypes during postoperative pain. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 123:129-144. [PMID: 36577640 PMCID: PMC9892227 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Surgical procedures in the geriatric population are steadily increasing, driven by improved healthcare technologies and longer lifespans. However, effective postoperative pain treatments are lacking, and this diminishes quality of life and recovery. Here we present one of the first preclinical studies to pursue sex- and age-specific differences in postoperative neuroimmune phenotypes and pain. We found that aged males, but not females, had a delayed onset of mechanical hypersensitivity post-surgery and faster resolution than young counterparts. This sex-specific age effect was accompanied by decreased paw innervation and increased local inflammation. Additionally, we find evidence of an age-dependent decrease in hyperalgesic priming and perioperative changes in nociceptor populations and spinal microglia in the aged. These findings suggest that impaired neuronal function and maladaptive inflammatory mechanisms influence postoperative pain development in advanced age. Elucidation of these neuroimmune phenotypes across age and sex enables the development of novel therapies that can be tailored for improved pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Dos Santos
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, USA
| | - Melissa E Lenert
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, USA
| | - Zachary W Castillo
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, USA
| | - Prapti H Mody
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, USA
| | - Lucien T Thompson
- Aging and Memory Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, USA
| | - Michael D Burton
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, USA.
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Myers S, McCracken K, Buck DJ, Curtis JT, Davis RL. Anti-inflammatory actions of β-funaltrexamine in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:349-358. [PMID: 36527567 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in a wide range of brain disorders, thus there is great interest in identifying novel anti-inflammatory agents to include in therapeutic strategies. Our previous in vitro studies revealed that beta-funaltrexamine (β-FNA), a well-characterized selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, inhibits inflammatory signaling in human astroglial cells, albeit through an apparent MOR-independent mechanism. We also previously determined that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sickness behavior and neuroinflammation in mice are prevented by pretreatment with β-FNA. Herein we investigated the temporal importance of β-FNA treatment in this pre-clinical model of LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Adult, male C57BL/6J mice were administered an i.p. injection of LPS followed by treatment (i.p. injection) with β-FNA immediately or 4 h post-LPS. Sickness behavior was assessed using an open-field test, followed by assessment of inflammatory signaling in the brain, spleen, and plasma. Levels of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines (interferon γ-induced protein, CXCL10; monocyte chemotactic protein 1, CCL2; and interleukin-6, IL-6) in tissues were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB), p38 mitogen activated kinase (p38 MAPK), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression were measured by western blot. LPS-induced sickness behavior and chemokine expression were inhibited more effectively when β-FNA treatment occurred immediately after LPS administration, as opposed to 4 h post-LPS; and β-FNA-mediated effects were time-dependent as evidenced by inhibition at 24 h, but not at 8 h. The inhibitory effects of β-FNA on chemokine expression were more evident in the brain versus the spleen or plasma. LPS-induced NFκB-p65 and p38 MAPK expression in the brain and spleen were inhibited at 8 and 24 h post-LPS. These findings extend our understanding of the anti-inflammatory effects of β-FNA and warrant further investigation into its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Myers
- Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA
| | - Kelly McCracken
- Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA
| | - Daniel J Buck
- Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA
| | - J Thomas Curtis
- Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA
| | - Randall L Davis
- Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA.
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6
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Myers S, McCracken K, Buck DJ, Curtis JT, Davis RL. Anti-inflammatory effects of β-FNA are sex-dependent in a pre-clinical model of LPS-induced inflammation. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:4. [PMID: 36698151 PMCID: PMC9878921 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is present in neurological and peripheral disorders. Thus, targeting inflammation has emerged as a viable option for treating these disorders. Previous work indicated pretreatment with beta-funaltrexamine (β-FNA), a selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, inhibited inflammatory signaling in vitro in human astroglial cells, as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and sickness-like-behavior in mice. This study explores the protective effects of β-FNA when treatment occurs 10 h after LPS administration and is the first-ever investigation of the sex-dependent effects of β-FNA on LPS-induced inflammation in the brain and peripheral tissues, including the intestines. RESULTS Male and female C57BL/6J mice were administered LPS followed by treatment with β-FNA-immediately or 10 h post-LPS. Sickness- and anxiety-like behavior were assessed using an open-field test and an elevated-plus-maze test, followed by the collection of whole brain, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, cerebellum/brain stem, plasma, spleen, liver, large intestine (colon), proximal small intestine, and distal small intestine. Levels of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines (interferon γ-induced-protein, IP-10 (CXCL10); monocyte-chemotactic-protein 1, MCP-1 (CCL2); interleukin-6, IL-6; interleukin-1β, IL-1β; and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α) in tissues were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot analysis was used to assess nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression. There were sex-dependent differences in LPS-induced inflammation across brain regions and peripheral tissues. Overall, LPS-induced CXCL10, CCL2, TNF-α, and NF-κB were most effectively downregulated by β-FNA; and β-FNA effects differed across brain regions, peripheral tissues, timing of the dose, and in some instances, in a sex-dependent manner. β-FNA reduced LPS-induced anxiety-like behavior most effectively in female mice. CONCLUSION These findings provide novel insights into the sex-dependent anti-inflammatory effects of β-FNA and advance this agent as a potential therapeutic option for reducing both neuroinflammation an intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Myers
- grid.261367.70000 0004 0542 825XDepartment of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107 USA
| | - Kelly McCracken
- grid.261367.70000 0004 0542 825XDepartment of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107 USA
| | - Daniel J. Buck
- grid.261367.70000 0004 0542 825XDepartment of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107 USA
| | - J. Thomas Curtis
- grid.261367.70000 0004 0542 825XDepartment of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107 USA
| | - Randall L. Davis
- grid.261367.70000 0004 0542 825XDepartment of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107 USA
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7
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Li X, Holtrop T, Jansen FAC, Olson B, Levasseur P, Zhu X, Poland M, Schalwijk W, Witkamp RF, Marks DL, van Norren K. Lipopolysaccharide-induced hypothalamic inflammation in cancer cachexia-anorexia is amplified by tumour-derived prostaglandin E2. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:3014-3027. [PMID: 36303458 PMCID: PMC9745464 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia-anorexia syndrome is a complex metabolic condition characterized by skeletal muscle wasting, reduced food intake and prominent involvement of systemic and central inflammation. Here, the gut barrier function was investigated in pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia mouse models by relating intestinal permeability to the degree of cachexia. We further investigated the involvement of the gut-brain axis and the crosstalk between tumour, gut and hypothalamus in vitro. METHODS Two distinct mouse models of pancreatic cancer cachexia (KPC and 4662) were used. Intestinal inflammation and permeability were assessed through fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and hypothalamic and systemic inflammation through mRNA expression and plasma cytokines, respectively. To simulate the tumour-gut-brain crosstalk, hypothalamic (HypoE-N46) cells were incubated with cachexia-inducing tumour secretomes and LPS. A synthetic mimic of C26 secretome was produced based on its secreted inflammatory mediators. Each component of the mimic was systematically omitted to narrow down the key mediator(s) with an amplifying inflammation. To substantiate its contribution, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor was used. RESULTS In vivo experiments showed FITC-dextran was enhanced in the KPC group (362.3 vs. sham 111.4 ng/mL, P < 0.001). LPS was increased to 140.9 ng/mL in the KPC group, compared with sham and 4662 groups (115.8 and 115.8 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Hypothalamic inflammatory gene expression of Ccl2 was up-regulated in the KPC group (6.3 vs. sham 1, P < 0.0001, 4662 1.3, P < 0.001), which significantly correlated with LPS concentration (r = 0.4948, P = 0.0226). These data suggest that intestinal permeability is positively related to the cachexic degree. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was confirmed to be present in the plasma and PGE2 concentration (log10) in the KPC group was much higher than in 4662 group (1.85 and 0.56 ng/mL, P < 0.001), indicating a role for PGE2 in pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia. Parallel to in vivo findings, in vitro experiments revealed that the cachexia-inducing tumour secretomes (C26, LLC, KPC and 4662) amplified LPS-induced hypothalamic IL-6 secretion (419%, 321%, 294%, 160%). COX-2 inhibitor to the tumour cells reduced PGE2 content (from 105 to 102 pg/mL) in the secretomes and eliminated the amplified hypothalamic IL-6 production. Moreover, results could be reproduced by addition of PGE2 alone, indicating that the increased hypothalamic inflammation is directly related to the PGE2 from tumour. CONCLUSIONS PGE2 secreted by the tumour may play a role in amplifying the effects of bacteria-derived LPS on the inflammatory hypothalamic response. The cachexia-inducing potential of tumour mice models parallels the loss of intestinal barrier function. Tumour-derived PGE2 might play a key role in cancer-related cachexia-anorexia syndrome via tumour-gut-brain crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Li
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tosca Holtrop
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Fleur A C Jansen
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brennan Olson
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Pete Levasseur
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xinxia Zhu
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mieke Poland
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Winni Schalwijk
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renger F Witkamp
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Majerczyk D, Ayad E, Brewton K, Saing P, Hart P. Systemic maternal inflammation promotes ASD via IL-6 and IFN-γ. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20220713. [PMID: 36300375 PMCID: PMC9670245 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder that manifests during early development, impacting individuals through their ways of communicating, social behaviors, and their ability to perform day-to-day activities. There have been different proposed mechanisms on how ASD precipitates within a patient, one of which being the impact cytokines have on fetal development once a mother's immune system has been activated (referred to as maternal immune activation, MIA). The occurrence of ASD has long been associated with elevated levels of several cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). These proinflammatory cytokines can achieve high systemic levels in response to immune activating pathogens from various extrinsic sources. Transfer of cytokines such as IL-6 across the placental barrier allows accumulation in the fetus, potentially inducing neuroinflammation and consequently altering neurodevelopmental processes. Individuals who have been later diagnosed with ASD have been observed to have elevated levels of IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines during gestation. Moreover, the outcome of MIA has been associated with neurological effects such as impaired social interaction and an increase in repetitive behavior in animal models, supporting a mechanistic link between gestational inflammation and development of ASD-like characteristics. The present review attempts to provide a concise overview of the available preclinical and clinical data that suggest cross-talk between IL-6 and IFN-γ through both extrinsic and intrinsic factors as a central mechanism of MIA that may promote the development of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Majerczyk
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Illinois 60173, U.S.A
- Loyola Medicine, Berwyn, Illinois 60402, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth G. Ayad
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Illinois 60173, U.S.A
| | - Kari L. Brewton
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Illinois 60173, U.S.A
| | - Pichrasmei Saing
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Illinois 60173, U.S.A
| | - Peter C. Hart
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Illinois 60173, U.S.A
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Stone TW, Clanchy FIL, Huang YS, Chiang NY, Darlington LG, Williams RO. An integrated cytokine and kynurenine network as the basis of neuroimmune communication. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1002004. [PMID: 36507331 PMCID: PMC9729788 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the molecular families closely associated with mediating communication between the brain and immune system are cytokines and the kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan. Both groups regulate neuron and glial activity in the central nervous system (CNS) and leukocyte function in the immune system, although neither group alone completely explains neuroimmune function, disease occurrence or severity. This essay suggests that the two families perform complementary functions generating an integrated network. The kynurenine pathway determines overall neuronal excitability and plasticity by modulating glutamate receptors and GPR35 activity across the CNS, and regulates general features of immune cell status, surveillance and tolerance which often involves the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR). Equally, cytokines and chemokines define and regulate specific populations of neurons, glia or immune system leukocytes, generating more specific responses within restricted CNS regions or leukocyte populations. In addition, as there is a much larger variety of these compounds, their homing properties enable the superimposition of dynamic variations of cell activity upon local, spatially limited, cell populations. This would in principle allow the targeting of potential treatments to restricted regions of the CNS. The proposed synergistic interface of 'tonic' kynurenine pathway affecting baseline activity and the superimposed 'phasic' cytokine system would constitute an integrated network explaining some features of neuroimmune communication. The concept would broaden the scope for the development of new treatments for disorders involving both the CNS and immune systems, with safer and more effective agents targeted to specific CNS regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Trevor W. Stone,
| | - Felix I. L. Clanchy
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nien-Yi Chiang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L. Gail Darlington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ashtead Hospital, Ashtead, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O. Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Oudbier SJ, Goh J, Looijaard SMLM, Reijnierse EM, Meskers CGM, Maier AB. Pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the association between low skeletal muscle mass and cognitive function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1959-1968. [PMID: 35661882 PMCID: PMC9536455 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. This review describes the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms: systemic inflammation, insulin metabolism, protein metabolism, and mitochondrial function. We hypothesize that the central tenet in this pathophysiology is the dysfunctional myokine secretion consequent to minimal physical activity. Myokines, such as fibronectin type III domain containing 5/irisin and cathepsin B, are released by physically active muscle and cross the blood–brain barrier. These myokines upregulate local neurotrophin expression such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain microenvironment. BDNF exerts anti-inflammatory effects that may be responsible for neuroprotection. Altered myokine secretion due to physical inactivity exacerbates inflammation and impairs muscle glucose metabolism, potentially affecting the transport of insulin across the blood–brain barrier. Our working model also suggests other underlying mechanisms. A negative systemic protein balance, commonly observed in older adults, contributes to low skeletal muscle mass and may also reflect deficient protein metabolism in brain tissues. As a result of age-related loss in skeletal muscle mass, decrease in the abundance of mitochondria and detriments in their function lead to a decrease in tissue oxidative capacity. Dysfunctional mitochondria in skeletal muscle and brain result in the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, which drives tissue oxidative stress and further perpetuates the dysfunction in mitochondria. Both oxidative stress and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations due to aging drive cellular senescence. A targeted approach in the pathophysiology of low muscle mass and cognition could be to restore myokine balance by physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Janette Oudbier
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Outpatient Clinics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorming Goh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Esmee Mariëlle Reijnierse
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Rehabilitation Medicine, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Ageing & Vitality, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolus Gerardus Maria Meskers
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Rehabilitation Medicine, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Ageing & Vitality, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Britta Maier
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Yang L, Du B, Zhang S, Wang M. RXRγ attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced ferroptosis in neurons in mice through transcriptionally promoting the expression of GPX4. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1351-1363. [PMID: 35486208 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a common cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and disability rate. Exploring its mechanism is essential for developing effective treatment for cerebral ischemia. Therefore, this study aims to explore the regulatory effect and mechanism of retinoid X receptor γ (RXRγ) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. A mouse intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established, and PC12 cells were exposed to anaerobic/reoxygenation (A/R) as an in vitro model in this study. Cerebral I/R surgery or A/R treatment induced ferroptosis, downregulated RXRγ and GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) levels, upregulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) level and increased ROS (reactive oxygen species) level in A/R induced cells or I/R brain tissues in vivo or PC12 cells in vitro. Knockdown of RXRγ downregulated GPX4 and increased COX-2 and ROS levels in A/R induced cells. RXRγ overexpression has the opposite effect. GPX4 knockdown reversed the improvement of RXRγ overexpression on COX-2 downregulation, GPX4 upregulation and ferroptosis in PC12 cells. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that RXRγ bound to GPX4 promoter region and activated its transcription. Overexpression of RXRγ or GPX4 alleviated brain damage and inhibited ferroptosis in I/R mice. In conclusion, RXRγ-mediated transcriptional activation of GPX4 might inhibit ferroptosis during I/R-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshun Du
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shitao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an No.3 hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710018, People's Republic of China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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12
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García-Juárez M, Camacho-Morales A. Defining the role of anti- and pro-inflammatory outcomes of Interleukin-6 in mental health. Neuroscience 2022; 492:32-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Moravcová S, Filipovská E, Spišská V, Svobodová I, Novotný J, Bendová Z. The Circadian Rhythms of STAT3 in the Rat Pineal Gland and Its Involvement in Arylalkylamine-N-Acetyltransferase Regulation. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1105. [PMID: 34685476 PMCID: PMC8541109 DOI: 10.3390/life11101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, the melatonin production by the pineal gland is controlled through adrenergic signaling from the suprachiasmatic nuclei and regulation of the principal enzyme in its synthesis, arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT). In the present study, we identified increased isoprenaline-induced aa-nat expression and nocturnal AANAT activity in the pineal glands in response to the silencing of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) with siRNA or STAT3 inhibitors WP1066 and AZD1480. This AANAT activity enhancement in vivo did not interfere with light-induced AANAT suppression. Systemic or in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration markedly increased Stat3 expression and STAT3 phosphorylation, but it did not significantly affect AANAT expression or activity. Simultaneous LPS administration and Stat3 silencing enhanced the aa-nat transcription and AANAT activity to a similar extent as Stat3 inhibition without LPS co-administration. Furthermore, we describe the circadian rhythmicity in Stat3 expression and the phosphorylated form of STAT3 protein in the rat pineal gland. Our data suggest that the higher nocturnal endogenous level of STAT3 in the pineal gland decelerates or hampers the process of NA-induced AANAT activation or affects the AANAT enzyme stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Moravcová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (S.M.); (E.F.); (V.S.); (J.N.)
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Filipovská
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (S.M.); (E.F.); (V.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Veronika Spišská
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (S.M.); (E.F.); (V.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Irena Svobodová
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (S.M.); (E.F.); (V.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Zdeňka Bendová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (S.M.); (E.F.); (V.S.); (J.N.)
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
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14
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Li J, Shui X, Sun R, Wan L, Zhang B, Xiao B, Luo Z. Microglial Phenotypic Transition: Signaling Pathways and Influencing Modulators Involved in Regulation in Central Nervous System Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:736310. [PMID: 34594188 PMCID: PMC8476879 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.736310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are macrophages that reside in the central nervous system (CNS) and belong to the innate immune system. Moreover, they are crucially involved in CNS development, maturation, and aging; further, they are closely associated with neurons. In normal conditions, microglia remain in a static state. Upon trauma or lesion occurrence, microglia can be activated and subsequently polarized into the pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotype. The phenotypic transition is regulated by numerous modulators. This review focus on the literature regarding the modulators and signaling pathways involved in regulating the microglial phenotypic transition, which are rarely mentioned in other reviews. Hence, this review provides molecular insights into the microglial phenotypic transition, which could be a potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyu Shui
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruizheng Sun
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lily Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Boxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaohui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Maystrenko V, Ivleva I, Krytskaya D, Zubov A, Ivlev A, Karpenko M. Changes in activity of µ- and m-calpains and signs of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and striatum of rats after single intraperitoneal injection of subseptic dose of endotoxin. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1917-1928. [PMID: 34014442 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Some mechanisms of neuronal degeneration in endotoxinemia are already well described, but need to be detailed. In this study, we tested the effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of a LPS sub-septic dose (1 mg/kg of animal weight) on calpain activity in the striatum and hippocampus. We showed, that in the hippocampus the day after LPS administration an increase in production of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA, followed by elevated mRNA expression and activity of µ- and m-calpains without signs of microglia activation is observed. In striatal cells, the day after LPS injection an increase in expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IBA-1, m-calpain and calpastatin mRNA is revealed, which only intensifies over time. The elicited changes are accompanied by a decrease in motor behavior, which can be considered as a sign of sickness behavior. In the hippocampus, 180 days after LPS administration expression of TNF-α, content and activity of µ-calpain are increased. In the striatum, elevation in expression of TNF-α, IBA-1, µ- and m-calpain mRNA, with hyperactivation of only m-calpain, is observed. Significantly reduced motor activity can be a consequence of LPS-induced neuronal death. A long-lasting endotoxin activates microglia that damage neurons via proinflammation cytokines and calpain hyperactivation. The endotoxin hypothesis of neurodegeneration is unproven, but if correct, then neurodegeneration may be reduced by decreasing endotoxin-induced neuroinflammation and m-calpain hyperactivation. Therefore, the drugs, that decrease endotoxin-induced neuroinflammation and differently inhibit µ- or m-calpain, can be used to prevent or reduce the severity of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Maystrenko
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Irina Ivleva
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Darya Krytskaya
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Zubov
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Ivlev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina Karpenko
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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16
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has a state-dependent association with asthma: The role of systemic inflammation in a population-based birth cohort followed from childhood to adulthood. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:239-249. [PMID: 34371132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and asthma, and inflammation has been proposed as a potential pathophysiological mechanism behind this association. Most studies conducted so far have used a cross-sectional design, and none has evaluated the prevalence of asthma symptoms in patients with ADHD followed from childhood to adulthood. We relied on data from the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort to evaluate the association between ADHD and asthma in patients with distinct patterns of incidence, persistence and remission, and to explore the potential role of inflammatory markers in the comorbidity. We analyzed data from 3281 individuals from the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort collected at birth (1993), 11 years (2004), 18 years (2011), and 22 years (2015). Subjects were first classified according to their ADHD and asthma status as early-onset (EO) persistent (positive screening for ADHD at 11 years and diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-5, except criterion E, at either 18 or 22 years), EO-remittent (positive screening for ADHD at 11 years only), late-onset (diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-5, except criterion E, at 18 or 22 years only), or healthy subjects (negative for both conditions in all evaluation). After controlling for confounders, significant associations were observed between EO-remittent ADHD and EO-remittent asthma (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.11-2.55), EO-persistent ADHD and EO-persistent asthma (OR 4.33, 95% CI 1.65-11.34), and between late-onset ADHD and late-onset asthma (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.28-2.70), suggesting a state-dependent association. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at the 18- and 22-year evaluations and compared between subjects positive for ADHD, asthma, and subjects with both or none conditions, regardless of the previously defined trajectories. Subjects with comorbid ADHD and asthma presented higher levels of IL-6 at the 18- and 22-year evaluations when compared to subjects negative for both conditions. Our results demonstrate a state-dependent association between ADHD and asthma despite underlying trajectories. Higher levels of serum IL-6 in patients with both conditions suggest that a pro-inflammatory environment might have a role in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the comorbidity.
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17
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Phochantachinda S, Chatchaisak D, Temviriyanukul P, Chansawang A, Pitchakarn P, Chantong B. Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Emblica officinalis Suppresses Neuroinflammation in Microglia and Promotes Neurite Outgrowth in Neuro2a Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6405987. [PMID: 34539802 PMCID: PMC8443350 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6405987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting neuroinflammation and modulating neurite outgrowth could be a promising strategy to prevent neurological disorders. Emblica officinalis (EO) may be a potent agent against them. Although EO extract reportedly has anti-inflammatory properties in macrophages, there is limited knowledge about its neuroprotective activity by suppressing microglia-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production and inducing neurite outgrowth. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of EO fruit extract on the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced neuroinflammation using microglial (BV2) and neuroblastoma (Neuro2a) cells. The results demonstrated that, in LPS-treated BV2 cells, EO fruit extract reduced nitric oxide, interleukin-6, and tumor necrotic factor-α production. It also enhanced the neurite length of Neuro2a cells, which was linked to the upregulation of TuJ1 and MAP2 expressions. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the ethanolic extract of EO fruits has promising neuroprotective potential to exhibit antineuroinflammation activity and accelerative effect on neurite outgrowth in vitro. Therefore, EO fruit extract can be considered a novel herbal medicine candidate for managing neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sataporn Phochantachinda
- Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Duangthip Chatchaisak
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Anchana Chansawang
- The Center for Veterinary Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Boonrat Chantong
- Department of Pre-Clinical and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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18
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Fecho K, Bizon C, Miller F, Schurman S, Schmitt C, Xue W, Morton K, Wang P, Tropsha A. A Biomedical Knowledge Graph System to Propose Mechanistic Hypotheses for Real-World Environmental Health Observations: Cohort Study and Informatics Application. JMIR Med Inform 2021; 9:e26714. [PMID: 34283031 PMCID: PMC8335603 DOI: 10.2196/26714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge graphs are a common form of knowledge representation in biomedicine and many other fields. We developed an open biomedical knowledge graph-based system termed Reasoning Over Biomedical Objects linked in Knowledge Oriented Pathways (ROBOKOP). ROBOKOP consists of both a front-end user interface and a back-end knowledge graph. The ROBOKOP user interface allows users to posit questions and explore answer subgraphs. Users can also posit questions through direct Cypher query of the underlying knowledge graph, which currently contains roughly 6 million nodes or biomedical entities and 140 million edges or predicates describing the relationship between nodes, drawn from over 30 curated data sources. OBJECTIVE We aimed to apply ROBOKOP to survey data on workplace exposures and immune-mediated diseases from the Environmental Polymorphisms Registry (EPR) within the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. METHODS We analyzed EPR survey data and identified 45 associations between workplace chemical exposures and immune-mediated diseases, as self-reported by study participants (n= 4574), with 20 associations significant at P<.05 after false discovery rate correction. We then used ROBOKOP to (1) validate the associations by determining whether plausible connections exist within the ROBOKOP knowledge graph and (2) propose biological mechanisms that might explain them and serve as hypotheses for subsequent testing. We highlight the following three exemplar associations: carbon monoxide-multiple sclerosis, ammonia-asthma, and isopropanol-allergic disease. RESULTS ROBOKOP successfully returned answer sets for three queries that were posed in the context of the driving examples. The answer sets included potential intermediary genes, as well as supporting evidence that might explain the observed associations. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate real-world application of ROBOKOP to generate mechanistic hypotheses for associations between workplace chemical exposures and immune-mediated diseases. We expect that ROBOKOP will find broad application across many biomedical fields and other scientific disciplines due to its generalizability, speed to discovery and generation of mechanistic hypotheses, and open nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamarie Fecho
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Copperline Professional Solutions, Pittsboro, NC, United States
| | - Chris Bizon
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Frederick Miller
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Shepherd Schurman
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Charles Schmitt
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William Xue
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Patrick Wang
- CoVar Applied Technologies, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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19
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Kelly KM, Smith JA, Mezuk B. Depression and interleukin-6 signaling: A Mendelian Randomization study. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:106-114. [PMID: 33631287 PMCID: PMC11081733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large body of research has reported associations between depression and elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine with several roles including pro-inflammatory signaling. The nature and directionality of this relationship are not yet clear. In this study we use Mendelian Randomization to examine the possibility of a causal relationship between IL-6 and depressive symptoms, and to explore multiple signaling pathways that could serve as mechanisms for this relationship. METHODS This study uses a two-sample Mendelian Randomization design. Data come from the UK Biobank (n = 89,119) and published summary statistics from six existing GWAS analyses. The primary analysis focuses on the soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R), which is involved in multiple signaling pathways. Exploratory analyses use C-reactive protein (CRP) and soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) to further examine potential underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Results are consistent with a causal effect of sIL-6R on depression (PCA-IVW Odds Ratio: 1.023 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.006-1.039), p = 0.006). Exploratory analyses demonstrate that the relationship could be consistent with either decreased classical signaling or increased trans signaling as the underlying mechanism. DISCUSSION These results strengthen the body evidence implicating IL-6 signaling in depression. When compared with existing observational and animal findings, the direction of these results suggests involvement of IL-6 trans signaling. Further study is needed to examine whether IL6R genetic variants might influence IL-6 trans signaling in the brain, as well as to explore other potential pathways linking depression and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, United States; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, United States; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Briana Mezuk
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, United States; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, United States
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20
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Tang H, Wu L, Chen X, Li H, Huang B, Huang Z, Zheng Y, Zhu L, Geng W. Paeoniflorin improves functional recovery through repressing neuroinflammation and facilitating neurogenesis in rat stroke model. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10921. [PMID: 34123580 PMCID: PMC8166241 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia, neuron, and vascular cells constitute a dynamic functional neurovascular unit, which exerts the crucial role in functional recovery after ischemic stroke. Paeoniflorin, the principal active component of Paeoniae Radix, has been verified to exhibit neuroprotective roles in cerebralischemic injury. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulatory function of Paeoniflorin on neurovascular unit after cerebral ischemia are still unclear. Methods In this study, adult male rats were treated with Paeoniflorin following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), and then the functional behavioral tests (Foot-fault test and modified improved neurological function score, mNSS), microglial activation, neurogenesis and vasculogenesis were assessed. Results The current study showed that Paeoniflorin treatment exhibited a sensorimotor functional recovery as suggested via the Foot-fault test and the enhancement of spatial learning as suggested by the mNSS in rat stroke model. Paeoniflorin treatment repressed microglial cell proliferation and thus resulted in a significant decrease in proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Compared with control, Paeoniflorin administration facilitated von Willebrand factor (an endothelia cell marker) and doublecortin (a neuroblasts marker) expression, indicating that Paeoniflorin contributed to neurogenesis and vasculogenesis in rat stroke model. Mechanistically, we verified that Paeoniflorin repressed JNK and NF-κB signaling activation. Conclusions These results demonstrate that Paeoniflorin represses neuroinflammation and facilitates neurogenesis in rat stroke model and might be a potential drug for the therapy of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Tang
- Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiruo Wu
- Endoscopy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiting Li
- Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojun Huang
- Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyang Huang
- Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyang Zheng
- Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wujun Geng
- Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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21
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Mansouri M, Sotoudeh MM, Shamshirian A, Beheshti F, Hosseini M, Sadeghnia HR. Beneficial effects of selenium against the behavioral consequences of lipopolysaccharide administration in rats. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2021.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Extracellular CIRP Activates the IL-6Rα/STAT3/Cdk5 Pathway in Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3628-3640. [PMID: 33783711 PMCID: PMC10404139 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) stimulates microglial inflammation causing neuronal damage during ischemic stroke and is a critical mediator of alcohol-induced cognitive impairment. However, the precise role of eCIRP in mediating neuroinflammation remains unknown. In this study, we report that eCIRP activates neurotoxic cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5)/p25 through the induction of IL-6Rα/STAT3 pathway in neurons. Amyloid β (Aβ)-mediated neuronal stress, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease, increased the levels of eCIRP released from BV2 microglial cells. The released eCIRP levels from BV2 cells increased 3.2-fold upon stimulation with conditioned medium from Neuro-2a (N2a) cells containing Aβ compared to control N2a supernatant in a time-dependent manner. Stimulation of N2a cells and primary neurons with eCIRP upregulated the neuronal Cdk5 activator p25 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. eCIRP directly induced neuronal STAT3 phosphorylation and p25 increase via its novel receptor IL-6Rα. Next, we showed using surface plasmon resonance that eCIRP-derived peptide C23 inhibited the binding of eCIRP to IL-6Rα at 25 μM, with a 40-fold increase in equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) value (from 8.08 × 10-8 M to 3.43 × 10-6 M), and completely abrogated the binding at 50 μM. Finally, C23 reversed the eCIRP-induced increase in neuronal STAT3 phosphorylation and p25 levels. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that the upregulation of neuronal IL-6Rα/STAT3/Cdk5 pathway is a key mechanism of eCIRP's role in neuroinflammation and that C23 as a potent inhibitor of this pathway has translational potential in neurodegenerative pathologies controlled by eCIRP.
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23
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Yang X, Liang J, Jia M, Yang T, Deng X, Wang P, Ren L, Gao S, Zuo Z, Pei D, Bi J, Wang P. β-1, 3-galactosyltransferase 2 ameliorates focal ischemic cerebral injury by maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104976. [PMID: 33524473 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage at the early stage of ischemic stroke is a vital cause of brain parenchymal injury. The mechanism of BBB disruption has been intensively investigated, but still not fully understood. β-1, 3-galactosyltransferase 2 (B3galt2) is expressed in the brain, but its role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of B3galt2 in cerebral ischemia in mice. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in mice by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). B3galt2 protein levels were determined in microvessels which were isolated from ischemic brain at 12, 24 and 72 h after MCAO. Mice were administered lentiviral vectors encoding B3galt2 (LV- B3galt2) or recombinant transforming growth factor-β1 (r-TGF-β1) by intracerebroventricular injection. We assessed infarct volume and neurologic deficits on days 1, 3, and 14 after MCAO, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity at 12 and 24 h after MCAO, and the levels of TGF-β1, TGF-βR(Ⅱ) and p-Smad2/3 at 24 and 72 h after MCAO. Our results indicated that B3galt2 was expressed in brain microvascular endothelial cells and increased in the ischemic microvessels. Overexpression of B3galt2 by LV- B3galt2 administration reduced infarct volume and improved functional outcome after cerebral ischemia. Moreover, the neuroprotective effects were associated with preventing BBB damage. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, heterozygous B3galt2 knockout (B3galt2-/+) mice not only showed severe BBB damage, neurologic functional deficits, but also showed reduced expression of TGF-β1, TGF-βR(Ⅱ) and p-Smad2/3 in microvessels after cerebral ischemia. Pre-administration of r-TGF-β1 reduced BBB damage, and improved the neurological outcomes in both WT mice and B3galt2-/+ mice after cerebral ischemia. Our results suggested B3galt2 protected against ischemic stroke in mice, and the underlying mechanism might include TGF-β signaling pathway in brain microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia Liang
- Institute of Life Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengjie Jia
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianhui Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyang Deng
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhongfu Zuo
- Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Pei
- Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Bi
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China.
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Mody PH, Lucia Dos Santos N, Lenert ME, Barron LR, Nottingham BA, Burton MD. The role of cap-dependent translation in aged-related changes in neuroimmunity and affective behaviors. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 98:173-184. [PMID: 33302179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Translation regulation in the context of aged-associated inflammation and behavioral impairments is not well characterized. Aged individuals experience lower life quality due to behavioral impairments. In this study, we used young and aged transgenic mice that are unable to activate the cap-binding protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) to examine the role of protein translation control in aging, memory, depression, and anxiety. To determine how products of cap-dependent translation play a permissive role in aged-associated inflammation, we assessed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in various brain regions involved in the above-mentioned behaviors. We found that functional eIF4E is not necessary for age-related deficits in spatial and short-term memory but is important for depressive and anxiety-like behavior and this is correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in discrete brain regions. Thus, we have begun to elucidate a role for eIF4E phosphorylation in the context of aged-related behavioral impairments and chronic low-grade inflammation that may help identify novel immune modulators for therapeutic targets and decrease the burden of self-care among the geriatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapti H Mody
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Lucia Dos Santos
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Melissa E Lenert
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Luz R Barron
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Bethany A Nottingham
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Michael D Burton
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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25
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis (TWEAK) Enhances Activation of STAT3/NLRC4 Inflammasome Signaling Axis through PKCδ in Astrocytes: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081831. [PMID: 32759670 PMCID: PMC7464730 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic dysfunction has been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. While the Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/Fn14 signaling axis is known to play a role in PD-like neuropathology, the molecular mechanisms that govern this process remain poorly understood. Herein, we show that TWEAK levels are elevated in PD serum compared to controls. Moreover, using both U373 human astrocyte cells and primary mouse astrocytes, we demonstrate that TWEAK induces mitochondrial oxidative stress as well as protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, accompanied by NLRC4 inflammasome activation and upregulation and release of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-18. Mechanistically, TWEAK-induced PKCδ activation enhances the STAT3/NLRC4 signaling pathway and other proinflammatory mediators through a mitochondrial oxidative stress-dependent mechanism. We further show that PKCδ knockdown and mito-apocynin, a mitochondrial antioxidant, suppress TWEAK-induced proinflammatory NLRC4/STAT3 signaling and cellular oxidative stress response. Notably, we validated our in vitro findings in an MPTP mouse model of PD and in mice receiving intrastriatal administration of TWEAK. These results indicate that TWEAK is a key regulator of astroglial reactivity and illustrate a novel mechanism by which mitochondrial oxidative stress may influence dopaminergic neuronal survival in PD.
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26
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Binning W, Hogan-Cann AE, Yae Sakae D, Maksoud M, Ostapchenko V, Al-Onaizi M, Matovic S, Lu WY, Prado MAM, Inoue W, Prado VF. Chronic hM3Dq signaling in microglia ameliorates neuroinflammation in male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:791-801. [PMID: 32434046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia express muscarinic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that sense cholinergic activity and are activated by acetylcholine to potentially regulate microglial functions. Knowledge about how distinct types of muscarinic GPCR signaling regulate microglia function in vivo is still poor, partly due to the fact that some of these receptors are also present in astrocytes and neurons. We generated mice expressing the hM3Dq Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) selectively in microglia to investigate the role of muscarinic M3Gq-linked signaling. We show that activation of hM3Dq using clozapine N-oxide (CNO) elevated intracellular calcium levels and increased phagocytosis of FluoSpheres by microglia in vitro. Interestingly, whereas acute treatment with CNO increased synthesis of cytokine mRNA, chronic treatment attenuated LPS-induced cytokine mRNA changes in the brain. No effect of CNO on cytokine expression was observed in DREADD-negative mice. Interestingly, CNO activation of M3Dq in microglia was able to attenuate LPS-mediated decrease in social interactions. These results suggest that chronic activation of M3 muscarinic receptors (the hM3Dq progenitor) in microglia, and potentially other Gq-coupled GPCRs, can trigger an inflammatory-like response that preconditions microglia to decrease their response to further immunological challenges. Our results indicate that hM3Dq can be a useful tool to modulate neuroinflammation and study microglial immunological memory in vivo, which may be applicable for manipulations of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Binning
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Aja E Hogan-Cann
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Diana Yae Sakae
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Matthew Maksoud
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Valeriy Ostapchenko
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Onaizi
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Sara Matovic
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Wei-Yang Lu
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada.
| | - Wataru Inoue
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada.
| | - Vania F Prado
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada.
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27
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Circadian desynchronization alters metabolic and immune responses following lipopolysaccharide inoculation in male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:220-229. [PMID: 32413558 PMCID: PMC7415642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and inflammation are linked at many levels. Sickness behaviors are elicited by the immune system's response to antigenic stimuli, and include changes in feeding and metabolism. The immune system is also regulated by the circadian (daily) clock, which generates endogenous rhythms, and synchronizes these rhythms to the light-dark cycle. Modern society has resulted in chronic misalignment or desynchronization of the circadian clock and the external environment. We have demonstrated that circadian desynchronization (CD) in mice alters metabolic function, and also affects both peripheral and central immune responses following a low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. However, it is unclear how this altered immune response impacts sickness behaviors and metabolism following challenge. To test this, we housed male mice in circadian desynchronized (10-hours light:10-hours dark) or control (12-hours light:12-hours dark) conditions for 5-6 weeks. We then challenged mice with LPS (i.p., 0.4 mg/kg) or PBS and measured changes in body mass, feeding, drinking and locomotion using a comprehensive phenotyping system. Plasma, liver, and brain were collected 36 h post-inoculation (hpi) and inflammatory messengers were measured via multiplex cytokine/chemokine array and qPCR. We find that recovery of locomotion and body mass is prolonged in CD mice following LPS challenge. Additionally, at 36 hpi the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines differ depending on pre-inoculation lighting conditions. Our findings add to the growing literature which documents how desynchronization of circadian rhythms can lead to disrupted immune responses and changes in metabolic function.
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28
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de Queiroz TM, Lakkappa N, Lazartigues E. ADAM17-Mediated Shedding of Inflammatory Cytokines in Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1154. [PMID: 32848763 PMCID: PMC7403492 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of Angiontesin-II (Ang-II), one of the key peptides of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and its binding to the Ang-II type 1 receptor (AT1R) during hypertension is a crucial mechanism leading to AD\AM17 activation. Among the reported membrane anchored proteins cleaved by ADAM17, immunological cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-6, FKN) are the major class of substrates, modulation of which triggers inflammation. The rise in ADAM17 levels has both central and peripheral implications in inflammation-mediated hypertension. This narrative review provides an overview of the role of ADAM17, with a special focus on its cellular regulation on neuronal and peripheral inflammation-mediated hypertension. Finally, it highlights the importance of ADAM17 with regards to the biology of inflammatory cytokines and their roles in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyago M. de Queiroz
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Navya Lakkappa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Eric Lazartigues
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, United States
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29
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Szabo A, Akkouh IA, Ueland T, Lagerberg TV, Dieset I, Bjella T, Aukrust P, Le Hellard S, Stavrum AK, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Djurovic S. Cannabis Use Is Associated With Increased Levels of Soluble gp130 in Schizophrenia but Not in Bipolar Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:642. [PMID: 32714224 PMCID: PMC7343889 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex effects of plant cannabinoids on human physiology is not yet fully understood, but include a wide spectrum of effects on immune modulation. The immune system and its inflammatory effector pathways are recently emerging as possible causative factors in psychotic disorders. The present study aimed to investigate whether self-administered Cannabis use was associated with changes in circulating immune and neuroendocrine markers in schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) patients. A screening of 13 plasma markers reflecting different inflammatory pathways was performed in SCZ (n = 401) and BD patients (n = 242) after subdividing each group into Cannabis user and non-user subgroups. We found that i) soluble gp130 (sgp130) concentrations were significantly elevated among Cannabis users in the SCZ group (p = 0.002) after multiple testing correction, but not in BD. ii) Nominally significant differences were observed in the levels of IL-1RA (p = 0.0059), YKL40 (p = 0.0069), CatS (p = 0.013), sTNFR1 (p = 0.031), and BDNF (p = 0.020), where these factors exhibited higher plasma levels in Cannabis user SCZ patients than in non-users. iii) These differences in systemic levels were not reflected by altered mRNA expression of genes encoding sgp130, IL-1RA, YKL40, CatS, sTNFR1, and BDNF in whole blood. Our results show that Cannabis self-administration is associated with markedly higher sgp130 levels in SCZ, but not in BD, and that this phenomenon is independent of the modulation of peripheral immune cells. These findings warrant further investigation into the potential IL-6 trans-signaling modulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroimmune, and biobehavioral-cognitive effects of Cannabis use in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Szabo
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ibrahim A. Akkouh
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Dieset
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Bjella
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne-Kristin Stavrum
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Yamasaki K, Hasegawa T, Takeda M. Serum level of soluble interleukin 6 receptor is a useful biomarker for identification of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:130-137. [PMID: 32162496 PMCID: PMC7722658 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM A substantial proportion of major depressive disorder patients are treatment-resistant to antidepressant therapy, who require augmentation drugs, or other treatments including electroconvulsive therapy or transcranial magnetic stimulation. Identifying treatment-resistant major depressive disorder patients before the actual administration of antidepressant is, however, often difficult. Accordingly, the serum biomarker to identify treatment-resistant patients will be helpful in clinical settings. This study aims to clarify the appropriate biomarkers for identification of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. METHOD Given that immune-inflammatory processes are involved in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, it is possible that certain cytokine-related molecules could serve as clinically useful biomarkers of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder patients. In this study, we measured serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, and soluble interleukin 6 receptor after major depressive disorder patients underwent antidepressant therapy. RESULTS The serum level of soluble interleukin 6 receptor, but not interleukin 6 or tumor necrosis factor-α, was significantly higher in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder patients than in remitted patients, suggesting that serum soluble interleukin 6 receptor could be a good biomarker of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed that serum soluble interleukin-6 receptor level measurement was useful for identification of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder patients. Multiple regression analysis using the serum levels of the aforementioned cytokines as explanatory variables and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report score (QIDS-SR16 ) as a target variable showed that only serum soluble interleukin-6 receptor level could explain the severity of major depressive disorder. CONCLUSION Based on these results, we recommend measurement of serum soluble interleukin-6 receptor level to discriminate treatment-resistant major depressive disorder patients. High serum soluble interleukin-6 receptor level is associated with the pathogenesis of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, suggesting the involvement of the interleukin 6 trans-signaling system in onset of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Yamasaki
- Department of NeuropsychiatryThe Institute of Health and WelfareKensho‐kai Medical CorporationOsakaJapan
| | | | - Masatoshi Takeda
- Cognitive Reserve Research CenterOsaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation UniversityOsakaJapan
- Jinmeikai Research Institute for Mental HealthHyogoJapan
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Singh KV, Gautam R, Meena R, Nirala JP, Jha SK, Rajamani P. Effect of mobile phone radiation on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and contextual fear memory in Wistar rat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19340-19351. [PMID: 32212071 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present lifestyle, we are continuously exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) radiation generated mainly by mobile phones (MP). Among other organs, our brain and hippocampus in specific, is the region where effect of any environmental perturbation is most pronounced. So, this study was aimed to examine changes in major parameters (oxidative stress, level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormones, and contextual fear conditioning) which are linked to hippocampus directly or indirectly, upon exposure to mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic field (MP-RF-EMF) radiation. Exposure was performed on young adult male Wistar rats for 16 weeks continuously (2 h/day) with MP-RF-EMF radiation having frequency, power density, and specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1966.1 MHz, 4.0 mW/cm2, and 0.36 W/kg, respectively. Another set of animals kept in similar conditions without any radiation exposure serves as control. Towards the end of exposure period, animals were tested for fear memory and then euthanized to measure hippocampal oxidative stress, level of circulatory PICs, and stress hormones. We observed significant increase in hippocampal oxidative stress (p < 0.05) and elevated level of circulatory PICs viz. IL-1beta (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.05), and TNF-alpha (p < 0.001) in experimental animals upon exposure to MP-RF-EMF radiation. Adrenal gland weight (p < 0.001) and level of stress hormones viz. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (p < 0.01) and corticosterone (CORT) (p < 0.05) were also found to increase significantly in MP-RF-EMF radiation-exposed animals as compared with control. However, alteration in contextual fear memory was not significant enough. In conclusion, current study shows that chronic exposure to MP-RF-EMF radiation emitted from mobile phones may induce oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and HPA axis deregulation. However, changes in hippocampal functionality depend on the complex interplay of several opposing factors that got affected upon MP-RF-EMF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Vandana Singh
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rohit Gautam
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ramovtar Meena
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jay Prakash Nirala
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Jha
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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32
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de Gomes MG, Teixeira FEG, de Carvalho FB, Pacheco CO, da Silva Neto MR, Giacomeli R, Ramalho JB, Dos Santos RB, Domingues WB, Campos VF, Haas SE. Curcumin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules attenuates the immune challenge LPS-induced in rats: Neuroinflammatory and behavioral response in sickness behavior. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 345:577270. [PMID: 32480241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of current study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin (CUR) loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (CUR-LNC) treatment on neuroinflammatory and behavioral alterations in a model of sickness behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Rats were treated with CUR-LNC and CUR daily for 14 days. After the last treatments, sickness behavior was induced with LPS. Sickness behavior LPS-induced was confirmed by behavioral tests, an increase in levels of proinflammatory cytokines, decrease in levels of IL-10, overexpression of IDO-1 and IDO-2. In conclusion, CUR-LNC treatment attenuated the neuroinflammatory and behavioral changes caused in sickness behavior model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Gomes de Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Flavia Elizabete Guerra Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barbosa de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Oliveira Pacheco
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Giacomeli
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bernera Ramalho
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Renata Bem Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - William Borges Domingues
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Center for Technological Development, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Farias Campos
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Center for Technological Development, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Elisa Haas
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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Zhang L, Guo K, Yin S, Peng J, Pang J, Ma N, Zhang X, Xie Y, Chen L, Jiang Y. RNA-Seq Reveals Underlying Transcriptomic Mechanisms of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Regulation of Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:562-573. [PMID: 31918626 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Kecheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shigang Yin
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Functions, Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuke Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Functions, Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
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Yu CI, Cheng CI, Kang YF, Chang PC, Lin IP, Kuo YH, Jhou AJ, Lin MY, Chen CY, Lee CH. Hispidulin Inhibits Neuroinflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated BV2 Microglia and Attenuates the Activation of Akt, NF-κB, and STAT3 Pathway. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:163-174. [PMID: 32222934 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, resident innate immune cells in central nervous system, regulates neuroinflammation and is associated with a variety of neuropathologies. The present study investigated the antineuroinflammatory effects of hispidulin (HPD), a naturally flavone compound, in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated BV2 microglia cells. The expression levels of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro-inflammatory factors were determined by the Griess method, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting was used to measure various transcription factors such as Akt, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activities. Our experimental results demonstrated that HPD increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis in LPS-treated BV2 microglia cells. Moreover, HPD significantly reduced the levels of NO, ROS, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a dose-dependent manner. Phosphorylation of NF-κB/IκB, Akt, and STAT3 proteins expression by HPD was suppressed in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells. We concluded that HPD may inhibit neuroinflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB pathway activation and ROS formation. These results propose that HPD has potential as anti-inflammatory agents against microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-I Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, 73659, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-I Cheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sin-Lau Medical Foundation the Presbyterian Church, Tainan, 70142, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fei Kang
- School of Nursing, Fooyin University, 151 Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung, 83102, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chih Chang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Weight Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - In-Pin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-His Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - An-Jie Jhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ying Lin
- Community Health Promotion Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Ci-Jin Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, 83102, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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35
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Wu PF, Chen GL. Interleukin-6 Response of C 2C 12 Myotubes Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide and Lipoic Acid. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:254-261. [PMID: 32176561 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study explored the dual effect of lipoic acid on the regulation of IL-6 expression in C2C12 myotubes. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. To evaluate IL-6 signaling in skeletal muscle, pCMV6-IL-6 was overexpressed in C2C12 myotubes. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect mRNA expression. Immunohistochemistry and a DeadEnd colorimetric TUNEL system were used to detect IL-6 localization and analyze the apoptosis in IL-6-overexpressing cells, respectively. A caspase-3/CPP32 colorimetric assay and Western blotting were used to analyze caspase-3 activity and protein expression, respectively. Our results showed the overexpressed IL-6 was not only located in the cytosol but also on the intracellular side of the cell membrane. Moreover, the nucleus did not demonstrate IL-6 overexpression. The DeadEnd colorimetric apoptosis detection assay results demonstrated that apoptotic nuclei were present in IL-6-overexpressing cells. However, the overexpressed IL-6 failed to promote caspase-3 activity. Notably, the exogenous pyrogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly promoted IL-6 mRNA expression and caspase-3 activity but did not induce apoptotic cell formation. Moreover, lipoic acid significantly upregulated IL-6, IL-6Ra, and gp130 mRNA expression and significantly increased caspase-3 activity but did not induce apoptotic cell formation. Lipoic acid significantly increased the p-Akt level in untreated cells but not in LY294002-treated cells. Taken together, our results suggesting that the overexpressed IL-6-induced apoptosis may not be mediated by caspase-3. LPS-induced IL-6 mRNA expression may not be involved in IL-6 classical signaling or trans-signaling in C2C12 myotubes. Lipoic acid-induced IL-6 mRNA expression may be mediated by IL-6 classical signaling in C2C12 myotubes. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fung Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Lin Chen
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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36
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Neuroinflammation in CNS diseases: Molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of plant derived bioactive molecules. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lei D, Sha Y, Wen S, Xie S, Liu L, Han C. Dexmedetomidine May Reduce IL-6 Level and the Risk of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients After Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820902345. [PMID: 32076394 PMCID: PMC7003176 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820902345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) was widely used in clinical work. However, the effectiveness of DEX on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was still need to be confirmed. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore whether DEX can reduce the incidence of POCD on the first day and seventh postoperative day. The results showed that lower incidence of POCD associated with DEX treatment on the first (odds ratio [OR]: 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31-0.54) or seventh postoperative day (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.36-0.77). Mini-Mental State Examination scores on the first (mean difference [MD]: 4.67; 95% CI: 1.72-7.63) and seventh postoperative days (MD: 3.71; 95% CI: 2.51-4.90) were higher in DEX use group than that in physiological saline group. Meanwhile, neuron-specific enolase (NSE; MD: −3.99; 95% CI: −6.20 to −1.78) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels (MD: −17.53; 95% CI: −21.51 to −13.54) on the first postoperative day in DEX group were lower than that in the physiological saline group. This meta-analysis suggested that DEX use could reduce the risk of POCD and the reduction in levels of NSE and IL-6 can improve long-term cognitive dysfunction and anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyun Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Yeqin Sha
- Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Wen
- Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songhui Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China.,Yixing Clinical College, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yixing, Jiangsu, China
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Mudgal J, Basu Mallik S, Nampoothiri M, Kinra M, Hall S, Grant GD, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Davey AK, Rao CM, Arora D. Effect of coffee constituents, caffeine and caffeic acid on anxiety and lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behavior in mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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39
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Yang YQ, Zheng YH, Zhang CT, Liang WW, Wang SY, Wang XD, Wang Y, Wang TH, Jiang HQ, Feng HL. Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 down-regulation promotes apoptosis by activating the DNA damage-response pathway in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104648. [PMID: 31676238 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of DNA damage has been detected in the spinal cord of patients as well as in the G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) is a p53-inducible serine/threonine phosphatase that terminates DNA-damage responses via dephosphorylation of DNA-damage response proteins, namely ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, checkpoint kinase 2, and p53, thus enhancing cell proliferation. However, the role of Wip1, DNA-damage responses, and their interaction in ALS development remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed that Wip1 expression levels were substantially decreased in ALS motor neurons compared with wild-type controls both in vivo and in vitro. The DNA-damage response was activated in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) G93A-transfected cells. However, increased expression of Wip1 improved cell viability and inhibited the DNA-damage response in mutated SOD1G93A cells. Further studies demonstrated that decreased Wip1 expression reduced cell viability and further activated the DNA-damage response in chronic H2O2-treated NSC34 cells. In contrast, Wip1 promoted cell survival and suppressed DNA damage-induced apoptosis during persistent DNA damage conditions. Over-expression of Wip1 in the central nervous system (CNS) can delay the onset of disease symptoms, extended the survival, decreased MN loss improved motor function and inhibit the DNA-damage response in SOD1 G93A mice. Furthermore, homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) promoted the degradation of Wip1 via the ubiquitin-proteasome system during chronic stress. These findings indicate that persistent accumulation of DNA damage and subsequent chronic activation of the downstream DNA damage-response ATM and p53 pro-apoptotic signaling pathways may trigger neuronal dysfunction and neuronal death in ALS. Wip1 may play a protective role by targeting the DNA-damage response in ALS motor neurons. Importantly, these findings provide a novel direction for therapeutic options for patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Qing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Yong-Hui Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Chun-Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Shu-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xu-Dong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Tian-Hang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Hong-Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Hong-Lin Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
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Berkiks I, Mesfioui A, Ouichou A, Nakache R, Ajonijebu DC, El Hessni A. Affective Behavior Shows Sex Differences in Mid-adulthood Rats Following Postnatal Immune Stimulation. Neuroscience 2019; 421:69-81. [PMID: 31672643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mid-adulthood represents the critical window period usually associated with the development of age-related diseases. Despite several attempts to delineate the pathological mechanisms underlying postnatal immune challenge and altered brain functions, the role of sex-dependent changes in affective behaviors of middle-aged animals requires more attention. In this study, we sought to investigate behavioral and molecular response patterns at mid-adulthood linked to early-life immune activation. Using affective behavioral test batteries, we showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced postnatal immune challenge caused anxiety-like behaviors in both male and female Wistar rats at mid-adulthood, whereas only female rats exhibited depression-like behaviors. Our data further demonstrated a significant increase in microglial complexity and increased levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), nitric oxide (NOx), and lipid peroxidation in the prefrontal cortex of female rats compared to their male counterparts and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) littermate controls. With these results, we established significant interaction between sex differences and LPS-induced alterations in behavior and associated oxidative and immunohistochemical changes. These findings may provide an insight to better understand the neuroimmunological mechanisms of sex-dependent brain pathological manifestations occurring at mid-adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Berkiks
- Laboratory of Genetic, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.
| | - A Mesfioui
- Laboratory of Genetic, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - A Ouichou
- Laboratory of Genetic, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - R Nakache
- Laboratory of Genetic, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - D C Ajonijebu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - A El Hessni
- Laboratory of Genetic, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
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Zheng J, Dai Q, Han K, Hong W, Jia D, Mo Y, Lv Y, Tang H, Fu H, Geng W. JNK-IN-8, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor, improves functional recovery through suppressing neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2792-2799. [PMID: 31541462 PMCID: PMC6916328 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
C‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) is a pivotal MAPK (mitogen‐activated protein kinase), which activated by ischemia brain injury and plays a fairly crucial function in cerebral ischemic injury. Emerging studies demonstrated that JNK‐IN‐8 (a JNK inhibitor with high specificity) regulates traumatic brain injury through controlling neuronal apoptosis and inflammation. However, the function of JNK‐IN‐8 in ischemic stroke and the mechanisms underlying of JNK‐IN‐8 about neuroprotection are not well understood. In this work, male rats were treated with JNK‐IN‐8 after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, and then the modified improved neurological function score (mNSS), the foot‐fault test (FFT), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels were assessed. We found that JNK‐IN‐8‐treated rats with MCAO exerted an observable melioration in space learning as tested by the improved mNSS, and showed sensorimotor functional recovery as measured by the FFT. JNK‐IN‐8 also played anti‐inflammatory roles as indicated through decreased activation of microglia and decreased IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α expression. Furthermore, JNK‐IN‐8 suppressed the activation of JNK and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling as indicated by the decreased level of phosphorylated‐JNK and p65. All data demonstrate that JNK‐IN‐8 inhibits neuroinflammation and improved neurological function by inhibiting JNK/NF‐κB and is a promising agent for the prevention of ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinxue Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyuan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wandong Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyun Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchang Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wujun Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Abareshi A, Anaeigoudari A, Norouzi F, Marefati N, Beheshti F, Saeedjalali M, Hosseini M. The effects of captopril on lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behaviors in rats. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2019; 10:199-205. [PMID: 31737228 PMCID: PMC6828174 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2018.90760.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuro-immune mediators play an important role in the development of sickness behaviors. In the present study, the effect of captopril on sickness behaviors caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied in the rats. The animals were randomized into the following groups: control, sham, 10 mg kg-1 captopril - LPS (Capto 10-LPS), 50 mg kg-1 captopril - LPS (Capto 50-LPS), and 100 mg kg-1 captopril - LPS (Capto 100-LPS). Behavioral tests including open-field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming (FS) test were performed, and the serum level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was assessed. In OF, the number of crossings in the central zone in Capto 10-LPS, Capto 50-LPS, and Capto 100-LPS groups was higher than that of the sham group. In EPM, the open arm entry numbers in the sham group were lower compared to the control group. Furthermore, pretreatment by captopril increased the entries to the open arms. In FS test, the immobility time of the sham group was longer than that of the control group. In Capto 10-LPS, Capto 50-LPS, and Capto 100-LPS groups, immobility was shorter compared to the sham group. In addition, the IL-6 level was higher in the sham group compared to the control group, and treatment with 50 and 100 mg kg-1 of captopril restored the IL-6 level in comparison with the sham group. Results confirmed that pretreatment with captopril ameliorated LPS-caused sickness behaviors and attenuated IL-6 as an inflammatory marker in the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Abareshi
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Norouzi
- Department of Physiology, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran
| | - Narges Marefati
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran., Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeedjalali
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Montazeri, Khorasan Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Novel Treatment Targets Based on Insights in the Etiology of Depression: Role of IL-6 Trans-Signaling and Stress-Induced Elevation of Glutamate and ATP. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030113. [PMID: 31362361 PMCID: PMC6789839 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and psychological stress are risk factors for major depression and suicide. Both increase central glutamate levels and activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Both factors also affect the function of the chloride transporters, Na-K-Cl-cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) and K-Cl-cotransporter-2 (KCC2), and provoke interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans-signaling. This leads to measurable increases in circulating corticosteroids, catecholamines, anxiety, somatic and psychological symptoms, and a decline in cognitive functions. Recognition of the sequence of pathological events allows the prediction of novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Amongst others, these include blockade of the big-K potassium channel, blockade of the P2X4 channel, TYK2-kinase inhibition, noradrenaline α2B-receptor antagonism, nicotinic α7-receptor stimulation, and the Sgp130Fc antibody. A better understanding of downstream processes evoked by inflammation and stress also allows suggestions for tentatively better biomarkers (e.g., SERPINA3N, MARCKS, or 13C-tryptophan metabolism).
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West PK, Viengkhou B, Campbell IL, Hofer MJ. Microglia responses to interleukin‐6 and type I interferons in neuroinflammatory disease. Glia 2019; 67:1821-1841. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip K. West
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The Charles Perkins Centre, and The Bosch InstituteThe University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Barney Viengkhou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The Charles Perkins Centre, and The Bosch InstituteThe University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Iain L. Campbell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The Charles Perkins Centre, and The Bosch InstituteThe University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Markus J. Hofer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The Charles Perkins Centre, and The Bosch InstituteThe University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Geng W, Tang H, Luo S, Lv Y, Liang D, Kang X, Hong W. Exosomes from miRNA-126-modified ADSCs promotes functional recovery after stroke in rats by improving neurogenesis and suppressing microglia activation. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:780-792. [PMID: 30899379 PMCID: PMC6413259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) exert their therapeutic potential in ischemic stroke, the migration of ADSCs in injured area is not apparently observed after intravenous administration. ADSCs are an important source of exosomes which hold great promise as an endogenous drug delivery system for the treatment of cerebral ischemia given their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Here we investigated whether ADSCs-derived exosomes mediated miRNAs transfer and thus promoted neurological recovery after stroke. We first proved that miR-126 levels were reduced in patients' plasma with acute ischemic stroke and in rat plasma and brain tissue after ischemia. To test the effect of exosomal miR-126, we employed overexpression and knock-down technologies to up-regulate or inhibit miR-126 level in ADSCs and thus acquired miR-126+ exosomes and miR-126- exosomes, respectively. Compared with control, systemic administration of ADSCs-derived exosomes significantly increased the expression of von Willebrand factor (an endothelia cell marker) and doublecortin (a neuroblasts marker) and improved functional recovery in stroke rats. ADSCs-derived exosomes also resulted in a decrease of neuron cell death and an increase of cell proliferation compared with control. Importantly, these outcomes were further enhanced with miR-126+ exosomes treatment and were significantly decreased with miR-126- exosomes treatment, compared to naïve exosomes treatment. MiR-126+ exosomes also inhibited microglial activation and the expression of inflammatory factors in vivo and in vitro. Our results suggest that intravenous administration of miR-126+ exosomes post stroke improves functional recovery, enhances neurogenesis, inhibits neuroinflammation, and represents a novel treatment for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongli Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongdong Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wandong Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
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Shakya R, Chongthammakun S. 17β-Estradiol attenuates the influence of chronic activated microglia on SH-SY5Y cell proliferation via canonical WNT signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2019; 692:174-180. [PMID: 30391546 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The decline in circulating estrogen following menopause or aging is likely to initiate chronic inflammatory disorders, leading to neurodegenerative disease. Though, WNT1 paracrine molecules are crucial in embryonic neuroblastoma cell proliferation, very less is known about its role in adult brain that is associated with estrogen as preventive therapeutic strategy. The present study evidenced for the first time that 17β-estradiol (E2), a potent form of estrogen, could compensate the chronic neuroinflammation-associated loss of neurons by upregulating canonical WNT signaling pathway. Lipopolysaccharide was used to induce inflammatory responses in microglial cell line. The increased secretion of IL-6 cytokine was confirmed as a marker of chronic microglial activation. LPS-conditioned microglial media significantly reduced the viable cells and proliferative markers, BrdU and CyclinD1 in SH-SY5Y. It also decreased the expression of canonical WNT signaling components; WNT1 and β-catenin, which were significantly rescued with pre- and co-treatment of 10 nM E2. Furthermore, estrogen antagonist ICI 182,780 abolished the E2-mediated recovery in WNT1 expression. Whereas, canonical WNT receptor antagonist, Dkk1 was able to inhibit E2-mediated recovery in the expression of downstream component, β-catenin. It suggests a promising role of canonical WNT signaling pathway in estrogen mediated prevention of neuronal cell loss under chronic neuroinflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Shakya
- Anatomy and Structural Biology Graduate Program, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sukumal Chongthammakun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Nabavi SM, Ahmed T, Nawaz M, Devi KP, Balan DJ, Pittalà V, Argüelles-Castilla S, Testai L, Khan H, Sureda A, de Oliveira MR, Vacca RA, Xu S, Yousefi B, Curti V, Daglia M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Filosa R, Nabavi SF, Majidinia M, Dehpour AR, Shirooie S. Targeting STATs in neuroinflammation: The road less traveled! Pharmacol Res 2018; 141:73-84. [PMID: 30550953 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
JAK/STAT transduction pathway is a highly conserved pathway implicated in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. Dysregulation of this pathway is involved in the onset of autoimmune, haematological, oncological, metabolic and neurological diseases. Over the last few years, the research of anti-neuroinflammatory agents has gained considerable attention. The ability to diminish the STAT-induced transcription of inflammatory genes is documented for both natural compounds (such as polyphenols) and chemical drugs. Among polyphenols, quercetin and curcumin directly inhibit STAT, while Berberis vulgaris L. and Sophora alopecuroides L extracts act indirectly. Also, the Food and Drug Administration has approved several JAK/STAT inhibitors (direct or indirect) for treating inflammatory diseases, indicating STAT can be considered as a therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory pathologies. Considering the encouraging data obtained so far, clinical trials are warranted to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential use in the clinical practice of STAT inhibitors to treat inflammation-associated neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Nawaz
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devasahayam Jaya Balan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, via Bonanno 6 - 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry/ICET, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Council of Research, I-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Suowen Xu
- University of Rochester, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Valeria Curti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Consorzio Sannio Tech, Appia Str, Apollosa, BN 82030, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Nam HY, Nam JH, Yoon G, Lee JY, Nam Y, Kang HJ, Cho HJ, Kim J, Hoe HS. Ibrutinib suppresses LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells and wild-type mice. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:271. [PMID: 30231870 PMCID: PMC6145206 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The FDA-approved small-molecule drug ibrutinib is an effective targeted therapy for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Ibrutinib inhibits Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a kinase involved in B cell receptor signaling. However, the potential regulation of neuroinflammatory responses in the brain by ibrutinib has not been comprehensively examined. Methods BV2 microglial cells were treated with ibrutinib (1 μM) or vehicle (1% DMSO), followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 μg/ml) or PBS. RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and subcellular fractionation were performed to examine the effects of ibrutinib on neuroinflammatory responses. In addition, wild-type mice were sequentially injected with ibrutinib (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (10% DMSO, i.p.), followed by LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or PBS, and microglial and astrocyte activations were assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results Ibrutinib significantly reduced LPS-induced increases in proinflammatory cytokine levels in BV2 microglial and primary microglial cells but not in primary astrocytes. Ibrutinib regulated TLR4 signaling to alter LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine levels. In addition, ibrutinib significantly decreased LPS-induced increases in p-AKT and p-STAT3 levels, suggesting that ibrutinib attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses by inhibiting AKT/STAT3 signaling pathways. Interestingly, ibrutinib also reduced LPS-induced BV2 microglial cell migration by inhibiting AKT signaling. Moreover, ibrutinib-injected wild-type mice exhibited significantly reduced microglial/astrocyte activation and COX-2 and IL-1β proinflammatory cytokine levels. Conclusions Our data provide insights on the mechanisms of a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation-related diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1308-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yeon Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Jin Han Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Gwangho Yoon
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Youngpyo Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Cho
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Jeongyeon Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea.
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Garner KM, Amin R, Johnson RW, Scarlett EJ, Burton MD. Microglia priming by interleukin-6 signaling is enhanced in aged mice. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:90-99. [PMID: 30261355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
During peripheral infection, excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the aged brain from primed microglia induces exaggerated behavioral pathologies. While the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 increases in the brain with age, its role in microglia priming is not known. This study examined the functional role of IL-6 signaling on microglia priming. Our hypothesis is that IL-6 signaling mediates primed states of microglia in the aged. An initial study assessed age-related alteration in IL-6 signaling molecules; sIL-6R and sgp130 were measured in cerebrospinal fluid of young and aged wild-type animals. Subsequent studies of isolated microglia from C57BL6/J (IL-6+/+) and IL-6 knock-out (IL-6-/-) mice showed significantly less MHC-II expression in aged IL-6-/- compared to IL-6+/+ counterparts. Additionally, adult and aged IL-6+/+ and IL-6-/- animals were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate a peripheral infection; sickness behaviors and hippocampal cytokine gene expression were measured over a 24 h period. Aged IL-6-/- animals were resilient to LPS-induced sickness behaviors and recovered more quickly than IL-6+/+ animals. The age-associated baseline increase of IL-1β gene expression was ablated in aged IL-6-/- mice, suggesting IL-6 is a key driver of cytokine activity from primed microglia in the aged brain. We employed in vitro studies to understand molecular mechanisms in priming factors. MHC-II and pro-inflammatory gene expression (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6) were measured after treating BV.2 microglia with sIL-6R and IL-6 or IL-6 alone. sIL-6R enhanced expression of both pro-inflammatory genes and MHC-II. Taken together, these data suggest IL-6 expression throughout life is involved in microglia priming and increased amounts of IL-6 following peripheral LPS challenge are involved in exaggerated sickness behaviors in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Garner
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunolgy and Behavior, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Ravi Amin
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology and Behavior, Animal Science Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 7 Animal Sciences Lab 1207 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunolgy and Behavior, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States; Laboratory of Integrative Immunology and Behavior, Animal Science Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 7 Animal Sciences Lab 1207 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Emily J Scarlett
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunolgy and Behavior, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Michael D Burton
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunolgy and Behavior, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States.
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50
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Zhao M, Wang J, Xi X, Tan N, Zhang L. SNHG12 Promotes Angiogenesis Following Ischemic Stroke via Regulating miR-150/VEGF Pathway. Neuroscience 2018; 390:231-240. [PMID: 30193860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The promotion of angiogenesis is a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are related to angiogenesis following ischemic stroke. LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12) was upregulated in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-exposed primary brain microvascular endothelial cells and in microvessel from middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal brains. However, the role and underlying mechanism of SNHG12 in ischemic stroke especially associated with angiogenesis process remain unknown. The expression of SNHG12 and miR-150 was determined in OGD-stimulated mouse brain microvascular endothelial (bEnd.3) cells. The role and mechanism of SNHG12 in the angiogenesis after ischemic stroke were investigated using gain- and loss-of function approaches both in OGD-exposed bEnd.3 cells and in MCAO mouse models. We found SNHG12 expression was elevated, whereas miR-150 reduced in OGD-exposed bEnd.3 cells. Upregulation of SNHG12 elevated, and SNHG12 knockdown suppressed the capillary-like tube formation, viability, migration, and VEGF expression in OGD-injured bEnd.3 cells. miR-150 mimic reversed, whereas anti-miR-150 further strengthened the effect of SNHG12 upregulation on the angiogenesis in bEnd.3 cells. Furthermore, we found that SNHG12 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-150 to regulate VEGF expression. Additionally, overexpression of SNHG12 improved the recovery of neurological function, reduced infarct volume and miR-150 expression, increased vascular density and VEGF expression in the infarct border zone of MCAO mice. In conclusion, SNHG12 promotes the angiogenesis following ischemic stroke via miR-150/VEGF pathway, which further clarified the mechanism of angiogenesis after ischemic stroke and provides a target for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Zhao
- The Clinical Laboratory of Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Clinical Laboratory of Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinlong Xi
- The Cardiac Intervention Room of Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Tan
- Department of Cadre's Ward of Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shaanxi Friendship Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China.
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