1
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Li Y, Ji R, Li Y, Li J, Chen H. Early-Stage Protein Adsorption Sequence on Blood-Contacting Surfaces: Answer to Vroman's Question. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10434-10442. [PMID: 38866710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Plasma protein adsorption on blood-contacting surfaces is the initiating significant event and modulates the subsequent coagulation response. Despite decades of research in this area, Vroman's questions in 1986 "Who gets there first?" and "When does the next protein arrive?" remain unanswered due to the lack of detection techniques with sufficient temporal resolution. In this work, we develop a droplet microfluidic technology to detect protein adsorption sequences on six typical blood-contacting surfaces in milliseconds. Apolipoproteins (Apo) are found to be the first proteins to adsorb onto the surfaces in a plasma droplet, and the specific type of apolipoprotein depends on the surface. Apo CI is the first protein adsorbed on gold, platinum, graphene, stainless steel, and polyvinyl chloride with the adsorption time varying from 0.01 to 1 s, while Apo CIII preferentially reaches the titanium alloy surface within 1 s. Subsequent to the initial adsorption, Apo AI, AII, and other proteins continue to adsorb until albumin arrives. Thus, the adsorption sequence is revealed, and Vroman's questions are answered. Moreover, this finding demonstrates the influence of the initial protein adsorption on subsequent coagulation at the surface, and it offers new insights into the development of anticoagulant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Lee CH, Murrell CE, Chu A, Pan X. Circadian Regulation of Apolipoproteins in the Brain: Implications in Lipid Metabolism and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17415. [PMID: 38139244 PMCID: PMC10743770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is a 24 h internal clock within the body that regulates various factors, including sleep, body temperature, and hormone secretion. Circadian rhythm disruption is an important risk factor for many diseases including neurodegenerative illnesses. The central and peripheral oscillators' circadian clock network controls the circadian rhythm in mammals. The clock genes govern the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain. One function of the circadian clock is regulating lipid metabolism. However, investigations of the circadian regulation of lipid metabolism-associated apolipoprotein genes in the brain are lacking. This review summarizes the rhythmic expression of clock genes and lipid metabolism-associated apolipoprotein genes within the SCN in Mus musculus. Nine of the twenty apolipoprotein genes identified from searching the published database (SCNseq and CircaDB) are highly expressed in the SCN. Most apolipoprotein genes (ApoE, ApoC1, apoA1, ApoH, ApoM, and Cln) show rhythmic expression in the brain in mice and thus might be regulated by the master clock. Therefore, this review summarizes studies on lipid-associated apolipoprotein genes in the SCN and other brain locations, to understand how apolipoproteins associated with perturbed cerebral lipid metabolism cause multiple brain diseases and disorders. This review describes recent advancements in research, explores current questions, and identifies directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Hannah Lee
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Charlotte Ellzabeth Murrell
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Alexander Chu
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
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3
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Huang Y, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Hu X, Zhao H, Wang S, Wang L, Jiang R, Wu W, Liu J, Yuan P, Gong S. Impact of reduced apolipoprotein A-I levels on pulmonary arterial hypertension. Hellenic J Cardiol 2023:S1109-9666(23)00195-1. [PMID: 37940001 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the anti-inflammatory functional component of high-density lipoprotein, which needs to be further studied in relation to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study aimed to identify the predictive value of ApoA-1 on the risk and prognosis of PAH, as well as the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism. METHODS Proteomic analysis was conducted on lung tissue from 6 PAH patients and 4 lung donors. Prediction of risk and mortality risk factors associated with PAH in 343 patients used logistic analysis and Cox regression analysis, respectively. The protective function of ApoA-I was assessed in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAEC), while its anti-inflammatory function was evaluated in THP-1 macrophages. RESULTS In the lung tissues of patients with PAH, 168 differentially expressed proteins were associated with lipid metabolism according to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction network identified ApoA-I as a key protein associated with PAH. Lower ApoA-I levels were independent risk factors for PAH and displayed a stronger predictive value for PAH mortality. Plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were positively correlated with risk stratification and was higher in PAH patients with lower ApoA-I levels. ApoA-I was downregulated in lung tissues of MCT-induced rats. ApoA-I could reduce IL-6-induced pro-proliferative and pro-migratory abilities of HPAEC and inhibit secretion of IL-6 from macrophages, which is compromised under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION Our study identified the significance of ApoA-I as a biomarker for predicting the survival outcome of PAH patients, which might relate to its altered anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Huang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Lung Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qinhua Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China; Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Sugang Gong
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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4
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Inoue M, Suzuki H, Meno K, Liu S, Korenaga T, Uchida K. Identification of Plasma Proteins as Biomarkers for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13064. [PMID: 37685872 PMCID: PMC10488247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood proteins can be used for biomarkers to monitor the progression of cognitive decline, even in the early stages of disease. In this study, we developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based blood test to identify plasma proteins that can be used to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using this system, we quantified plasma proteins using isotope-labeled synthetic peptides. A total of 192 patients, including 63 with AD, 71 with MCI, and 58 non-demented controls (NDCs), were analyzed. Multinomial regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to identify specific combinations of plasma protein panels that could differentiate among NDCs, those with MCI, and those with AD. We identified eight plasma protein biomarker candidates that can be used to distinguish between MCI and AD. These biomarkers were associated with coagulation pathways, innate immunity, lipid metabolism, and nutrition. The clinical potential to differentiate cognitive impairment from NDC was assessed using area under the curve values from ROC analysis, which yielded values of 0.83 for males and 0.71 for females. This LC-MS-based plasma protein panel allows the pathophysiology of AD to be followed through detection of cognitive decline and disease progression markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Inoue
- Research Division, MCBI, 5-4-2 Toukoudai, Tsukuba 300-2635, Ibaraki, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Hideaki Suzuki
- Research Division, MCBI, 5-4-2 Toukoudai, Tsukuba 300-2635, Ibaraki, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Kohji Meno
- Research Division, MCBI, 5-4-2 Toukoudai, Tsukuba 300-2635, Ibaraki, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Shan Liu
- Research Division, MCBI, 5-4-2 Toukoudai, Tsukuba 300-2635, Ibaraki, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Tatsumi Korenaga
- Research Division, MCBI, 5-4-2 Toukoudai, Tsukuba 300-2635, Ibaraki, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Kazuhiko Uchida
- Clinical Bioinformatics Initiative, Institute for Biomedical Research, MCBI, 5-4-2 Toukoudai, Tsukuba 300-2635, Ibaraki, Japan
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5
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Lipoprotein Metabolism, Protein Aggregation, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032944. [PMID: 36769268 PMCID: PMC9918279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The physiopathology of AD is well described by the presence of two neuropathological features: amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. In the last decade, neuroinflammation and cellular stress have gained importance as key factors in the development and pathology of AD. Chronic cellular stress occurs in degenerating neurons. Stress Granules (SGs) are nonmembranous organelles formed as a response to stress, with a protective role; however, SGs have been noted to turn into pathological and neurotoxic features when stress is chronic, and they are related to an increased tau aggregation. On the other hand, correct lipid metabolism is essential to good function of the brain; apolipoproteins are highly associated with risk of AD, and impaired cholesterol efflux and lipid transport are associated with an increased risk of AD. In this review, we provide an insight into the relationship between cellular stress, SGs, protein aggregation, and lipid metabolism in AD.
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6
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Mhatre-Winters I, Eid A, Han Y, Tieu K, Richardson JR. Sex and APOE Genotype Alter the Basal and Induced Inflammatory States of Primary Astrocytes from Humanized Targeted Replacement Mice. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914221144549. [PMID: 36604975 PMCID: PMC9982390 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221144549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype and sex are significant risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with females demonstrating increased risk modulated by APOE genotype. APOE is predominantly expressed in astrocytes, however, there is a lack of comprehensive assessments of sex differences in astrocytes stratified by APOE genotype. Here, we examined the response of mixed-sex and sex-specific neonatal APOE3 and APOE4 primary mouse astrocytes (PMA) to a cytokine mix of IL1b, TNFa, and IFNg. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles were assessed by qRT-PCR and Meso Scale Discovery multiplex assay. Mixed-sex APOE4 PMA were found to have higher basal messenger RNA expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines including Il6, Tnfa, Il1b, Mcp1, Mip1a, and Nos2 compared to APOE3 PMA, which was accompanied by increased levels of these secreted cytokines. In sex-specific cultures, basal expression of Il1b, Il6, and Nos2 was 1.5 to 2.5 fold higher in APOE4 female PMA compared to APOE4 males, with both being higher than APOE3 PMA. Similar results were found for secreted levels of these cytokines. Together, these findings indicate that APOE4 genotype and female sex, contribute to a greater inflammatory response in primary astrocytes and these data may provide a framework for investigating the mechanisms contributing to genotype and sex differences in AD-related neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Mhatre-Winters
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA,Department of Neurosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent
State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Aseel Eid
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yoonhee Han
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jason R. Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA,Jason R. Richardson, Department of
Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and
Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199-2156, USA.
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7
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Feasibility of ApoC1 serum levels as tumor biomarker in glioblastoma patients: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16981. [PMID: 36216850 PMCID: PMC9550816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C1 (ApoC1) has been detected immunohistochemically in glioblastoma tissue, probably expressed by activated monocytes and microglia. The present study was conceived to determine whether the amount of intratumoral ApoC1 expression leads to measurable changes of serum levels after glioblastoma resection or during recurrence. 176 blood samples from 70 glioblastoma patients were collected perioperatively and during subsequent therapy. ApoC1 serum levels were determined using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). High absorption values due to lipemic or hemolytic serum were removed from the final dataset using a stem and leaf plot. Samples were grouped according to the treatment stage to compare mean ApoC1 serum levels. The number of patients with falling or increasing perioperative values was assessed. 167 ApoC1 serum values from 68 glioblastoma patients were amenable to statistical evaluation. Mean ApoC1 serum level was 91.9 µg/ml (n = 167, sd = 36.0). In samples from patients undergoing first glioblastoma resection, the mean preoperative value was significantly higher (94.8 µg/ml, n = 37, sd = 29.5) than after surgery (77.4 µg/ml, n = 41, sd = 23.2, p = 0.009). Individually, falling ApoC1 levels were detected in 25 and rising levels in 9 patients (p = 0.0061). Single absolute serum levels of ApoC1 do not allow an estimation of glioblastoma activity or tumor response. Although pathophysiologically of interest, ApoC1 serum levels did not qualify as a potential biomarker in glioblastoma management. Our results do not seem to encourage larger, multicenter studies.
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8
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Shen B, Hernandez DG, Chitrala KN, Fanelli-Kuczmarski MT, Noren Hooten N, Pacheco NL, Mode NA, Zonderman AB, Ezike N, Evans MK. APOE gene region methylation is associated with cognitive performance in middle-aged urban adults. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 116:41-48. [PMID: 35561457 PMCID: PMC10878469 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allele is a strong risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation (DNAm) play a central role in cognition. This study sought to identify DNAm sites in the APOE genomic region associated with cognitive performance in a racially diverse middle-aged cohort (n = 411). Cognitive performance was measured by 11 standard neuropsychological tests. Two CpG sites were associated with the Card Rotation and Benton Visual Retention cognitive tests. The methylation level of the CpG site cg00397545 was associated with Card Rotation Test score (p = 0.000177) and a novel CpG site cg10178308 was associated with Benton Visual Retention Test score (p = 0.000084). Significant associations were observed among the dietary inflammatory index, which reflects the inflammatory potential of the diet, cognitive performance and the methylation level of several CpG sites. Our results indicate that DNAm in the APOE genomic area is correlated with cognitive performance and may presage cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botong Shen
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Fels Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie T Fanelli-Kuczmarski
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natasha L Pacheco
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicolle A Mode
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ngozi Ezike
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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9
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Hilbert M, Kuzman P, Mueller WC, Nestler U. The Mean ApoC1 Serum Level in Postoperative Samples from Neurosurgical Patients Is Lower than in Preoperative Samples and during Chemotherapy. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071021. [PMID: 36101402 PMCID: PMC9312344 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Serum levels of apolipoprotein ApoC1 have been described in a number of systemic tumor entities as potential biomarkers, but little is known about ApoC1 in neurosurgical patients. A total of 230 serum samples from 96 patients were analyzed using an ELISA technique. Patient diagnoses comprised 70 glioblastomas WHO IV°, 10 anaplastic astrocytomas III°, one anaplastic oligodendroglioma III°, one oligodendroglioma II°, one diffuse astrocytoma II°, one pilocytic astrocytoma I°, and a single case of a spindle cell tumor without WHO grading, as well as 11 spinal interventions. The mean ApoC1 level of the 230 samples was 132.03 µg/mL (median 86.83, SD 292.91). In the 176 glioblastoma samples, the mean ApoC1 level was 130.0 µg/mL (median 86.23, SD 314.9), which was neither different from the whole group nor from patients with spinal interventions (215.1 μg/mL, median 63.6, SD 404.9). In the postoperative samples, the mean ApoC1 level was significantly lower (85.81 μg/mL) than in the preoperative samples (129.64 μg/mL) and in samples obtained during adjuvant chemotherapy (168.44 μg/mL). While absolute ApoC1 serum levels in a patient do not allow for the distinction between neurosurgical histological entities, future analyses will examine whether the time course of ApoC1 in an individual patient can be related to certain treatment stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hilbert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Peter Kuzman
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.K.); (W.C.M.)
| | - Wolf C. Mueller
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.K.); (W.C.M.)
| | - Ulf Nestler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)341-97-17510
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10
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Luo Y, Tao T, Tao R, Huang G, Wu S. Single-Cell Transcriptome Comparison of Bladder Cancer Reveals Its Ecosystem. Front Oncol 2022; 12:818147. [PMID: 35265520 PMCID: PMC8899594 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.818147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder carcinoma (BLCA) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and the underlying biological behavior is still poorly understood. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on four clinical samples of different grades from three patients, and 26,792 cell transcriptomes were obtained revealing different tumor ecosystems. We found that N-glycan biosynthesis pathway was activated in high-grade tumor, but TNF-related pathway was activated in cystitis glandularis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of different samples showed great heterogeneity. Notably, cystitis glandularis was dominated by T cells, low-grade and high-grade tumors by macrophages, while TME in patient with high-grade relapse by stromal cells. Our research provides single-cell transcriptome profiles of cystitis glandularis and BLCA in different clinical states, and the biological program revealed by single-cell data can be used as biomarkers related to clinical prognosis in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Luo
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guixiao Huang
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Urology, The Affiliated South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Thiel W, Esposito EJ, Findley AP, Blume ZI, Mitchell DM. Modulation of retinoid-X-receptors differentially regulates expression of apolipoprotein genes apoc1 and apoeb by zebrafish microglia. Biol Open 2021; 11:273656. [PMID: 34878094 PMCID: PMC8822359 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome analyses performed in both human and zebrafish indicate strong expression of Apoe and Apoc1 by microglia. Apoe expression by microglia is well appreciated, but Apoc1 expression has not been well-examined. PPAR/RXR and LXR/RXR receptors appear to regulate expression of the apolipoprotein gene cluster in macrophages, but a similar role in microglia in vivo has not been studied. Here, we characterized microglial expression of apoc1 in the zebrafish central nervous system (CNS) in situ and demonstrate that in the CNS, apoc1 expression is unique to microglia. We then examined the effects of PPAR/RXR and LXR/RXR modulation on microglial expression of apoc1 and apoeb during early CNS development using a pharmacological approach. Changes in apoc1 and apoeb transcripts in response to pharmacological modulation were quantified by RT-qPCR in whole heads, and in individual microglia using hybridization chain reaction (HCR) in situ hybridization. We found that expression of apoc1 and apoeb by microglia were differentially regulated by LXR/RXR and PPAR/RXR modulating compounds, respectively, during development. Our results also suggest RXR receptors could be involved in endogenous induction of apoc1 expression by microglia. Collectively, our work supports the use of zebrafish to better understand regulation and function of these apolipoproteins in the CNS. Summary: Here we investigate expression of two apolipoprotein genes by microglia in the zebrafish model during normal development, and in contexts of pharmacological manipulations that target candidate regulatory receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Thiel
- Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, Russia
| | - Emma J Esposito
- Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, Russia
| | - Anna P Findley
- Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, Russia
| | - Zachary I Blume
- Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, Russia
| | - Diana M Mitchell
- Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, Russia
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12
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Jagadeesh KA, Dey KK, Montoro DT, Mohan R, Gazal S, Engreitz JM, Xavier RJ, Price AL, Regev A. Identifying disease-critical cell types and cellular processes across the human body by integration of single-cell profiles and human genetics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.03.19.436212. [PMID: 34845454 PMCID: PMC8629197 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.19.436212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a powerful means to identify loci and genes contributing to disease, but in many cases the related cell types/states through which genes confer disease risk remain unknown. Deciphering such relationships is important for identifying pathogenic processes and developing therapeutics. Here, we introduce sc-linker, a framework for integrating single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), epigenomic maps and GWAS summary statistics to infer the underlying cell types and processes by which genetic variants influence disease. We analyzed 1.6 million scRNA-seq profiles from 209 individuals spanning 11 tissue types and 6 disease conditions, and constructed gene programs capturing cell types, disease progression, and cellular processes both within and across cell types. We evaluated these gene programs for disease enrichment by transforming them to SNP annotations with tissue-specific epigenomic maps and computing enrichment scores across 60 diseases and complex traits (average N= 297K). Cell type, disease progression, and cellular process programs captured distinct heritability signals even within the same cell type, as we show in multiple complex diseases that affect the brain (Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis), colon (ulcerative colitis) and lung (asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, severe COVID-19). The inferred disease enrichments recapitulated known biology and highlighted novel cell-disease relationships, including GABAergic neurons in major depressive disorder (MDD), a disease progression M cell program in ulcerative colitis, and a disease-specific complement cascade process in multiple sclerosis. In autoimmune disease, both healthy and disease progression immune cell type programs were associated, whereas for epithelial cells, disease progression programs were most prominent, perhaps suggesting a role in disease progression over initiation. Our framework provides a powerful approach for identifying the cell types and cellular processes by which genetic variants influence disease.
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Van Valkenburgh J, Meuret C, Martinez AE, Kodancha V, Solomon V, Chen K, Yassine HN. Understanding the Exchange of Systemic HDL Particles Into the Brain and Vascular Cells Has Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:700847. [PMID: 34552500 PMCID: PMC8450374 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.700847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are complex, heterogenous lipoprotein particles, consisting of a large family of apolipoproteins, formed in subspecies of distinct shapes, sizes, and functions and are synthesized in both the brain and the periphery. HDL apolipoproteins are important determinants of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and vascular dementia, having both central and peripheral effects on brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation and vascular functions, however, the extent to which HDL particles (HLD-P) can exchange their protein and lipid components between the central nervous system (CNS) and the systemic circulation remains unclear. In this review, we delineate how HDL’s structure and composition enable exchange between the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment, and vascular cells that ultimately affect brain amyloid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we then elucidate how modifications of HDL-P have diagnostic and therapeutic potential for brain vascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Van Valkenburgh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cristiana Meuret
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashley E Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vibha Kodancha
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Kulminski AM, Philipp I, Loika Y, He L, Culminskaya I. Protective association of the ε2/ε3 heterozygote with Alzheimer's disease is strengthened by TOMM40-APOE variants in men. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1779-1787. [PMID: 34310032 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite advances, understanding the protective role of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 allele in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains elusive. METHODS We examined associations of variants comprised of the TOMM40 rs8106922 and APOE rs405509, rs440446, and ε2-encoding rs7412 polymorphisms with AD in a sample of 2862 AD-affected and 169,516 AD-unaffected non-carriers of the ε4 allele. RESULTS Association of the ε2/ε3 heterozygote of men with AD is 38% (P = 1.65 × 10-2 ) more beneficial when it is accompanied by rs8106922 major allele homozygote and rs405509 and rs440446 heterozygotes than by rs8106922 heterozygote and rs405509 and rs440446 major allele homozygotes. No difference in the beneficial associations of these two most common ε2/ε3-bearing variants with AD was identified in women. The role of ε2/ε3 heterozygote may be affected by different immunomodulation functions of rs8106922, rs405509, and rs440446 variants in a sex-specific manner. DISCUSSION Combination of TOMM40 and APOE variants defines a more homogeneous AD-protective ε2/ε3-bearing profile in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian Philipp
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yury Loika
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liang He
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Hu Y, Meuret C, Martinez A, Yassine HN, Nedelkov D. Distinct patterns of apolipoprotein C-I, C-II, and C-III isoforms are associated with markers of Alzheimer's disease. J Lipid Res 2020; 62:100014. [PMID: 33518512 PMCID: PMC7859854 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins C-I, C-II, and C-III interact with ApoE to regulate lipoprotein metabolism and contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. In plasma, apoC-I and C-II exist as truncated isoforms, while apoC-III exhibits multiple glycoforms. This study aimed to 1) delineate apoC-I, C-II, and C-III isoform profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in a cohort of nondemented older individuals (n = 61), and 2) examine the effect of APOE4 on these isoforms and their correlation with CSF Aβ42, a surrogate of brain amyloid accumulation. The isoforms of the apoCs were immunoaffinity enriched and measured with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, revealing a significantly higher percentage of truncated apoC-I and apoC-II in CSF compared with matched plasma, with positive correlation between CSF and plasma. A greater percentage of monosialylated and disialylated apoC-III isoforms was detected in CSF, accompanied by a lower percentage of the two nonsialylated apoC-III isoforms, with significant linear correlations between CSF and plasma. Furthermore, a greater percentage of truncated apoC-I in CSF and apoC-II in plasma and CSF was observed in individuals carrying at least one APOE Ɛ4 allele. Increased apoC-I and apoC-II truncations were associated with lower CSF Aβ42. Finally, monosialylated apoC-III was lower, and disialylated apoC-III greater in the CSF of Ɛ4 carriers. Together, these results reveal distinct patterns of the apoCs isoforms in CSF, implying CSF-specific apoCs processing. These patterns were accentuated in APOE Ɛ4 allele carriers, suggesting an association between APOE4 genotype and Alzheimer's disease pathology with apoCs processing and function in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley Martinez
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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16
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Yuan M, Xu XS, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Li Y, Xu J, Pinheiro J. SCEBE: an efficient and scalable algorithm for genome-wide association studies on longitudinal outcomes with mixed-effects modeling. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5868073. [PMID: 32634825 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using longitudinal phenotypes collected over time is appealing due to the improvement of power. However, computation burden has been a challenge because of the complex algorithms for modeling the longitudinal data. Approximation methods based on empirical Bayesian estimates (EBEs) from mixed-effects modeling have been developed to expedite the analysis. However, our analysis demonstrated that bias in both association test and estimation for the existing EBE-based methods remains an issue. We propose an incredibly fast and unbiased method (simultaneous correction for EBE, SCEBE) that can correct the bias in the naive EBE approach and provide unbiased P-values and estimates of effect size. Through application to Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data with 6 414 695 single nucleotide polymorphisms, we demonstrated that SCEBE can efficiently perform large-scale GWAS with longitudinal outcomes, providing nearly 10 000 times improvement of computational efficiency and shortening the computation time from months to minutes. The SCEBE package and the example datasets are available at https://github.com/Myuan2019/SCEBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yuan
- Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | | | - Yaning Yang
- Department of Statistics and Finance, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China
| | - Yinsheng Zhou
- Department of Statistics and Finance, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Statistics and Finance, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Jose Pinheiro
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
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Pathak GA, Zhou Z, Silzer TK, Barber RC, Phillips NR. Two-stage Bayesian GWAS of 9576 individuals identifies SNP regions that are targeted by miRNAs inversely expressed in Alzheimer's and cancer. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:162-177. [PMID: 31914222 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compared genetic variants between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and two age-related cancers-breast and prostate -to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with inverse comorbidity of AD and cancer. METHODS Bayesian multinomial regression was used to compare sex-stratified cases (AD and cancer) against controls in a two-stage study. A ±500 KB region around each replicated hit was imputed and analyzed after merging individuals from the two stages. The microRNAs (miRNAs) that target the genes involving these SNPs were analyzed for miRNA family enrichment. RESULTS We identified 137 variants with inverse odds ratios for AD and cancer located on chromosomes 19, 4, and 5. The mapped miRNAs within the network were enriched for miR-17 and miR-515 families. DISCUSSION The identified SNPs were rs4298154 (intergenic), within TOMM40/APOE/APOC1, MARK4, CLPTM1, and near the VDAC1/FSTL4 locus. The miRNAs identified in our network have been previously reported to have inverse expression in AD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita A Pathak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Talisa K Silzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Robert C Barber
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole R Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Frost GR, Jonas LA, Li YM. Friend, Foe or Both? Immune Activity in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:337. [PMID: 31920620 PMCID: PMC6916654 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by the presence of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), neuronal death and synaptic loss, and inflammation in the brain. AD research has, in large part, been dedicated to the understanding of Aβ and NFT deposition as well as to the pharmacological reduction of these hallmarks. However, recent GWAS data indicates neuroinflammation plays a critical role in AD development, thereby redirecting research efforts toward unveiling the complexities of AD-associated neuroinflammation. It is clear that the innate immune system is intimately associated with AD progression, however, the specific roles of glia and neuroinflammation in AD pathology remain to be described. Moreover, inflammatory processes have largely been painted as detrimental to AD pathology, when in fact, many immune mechanisms such as phagocytosis aid in the reduction of AD pathologies. In this review, we aim to outline the delicate balance between the beneficial and detrimental aspects of immune activation in AD as a more thorough understanding of these processes is critical to development of effective therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia R Frost
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Manhattan, NY, United States
| | - Lauren A Jonas
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Manhattan, NY, United States.,Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Manhattan, NY, United States.,Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Fuior EV, Gafencu AV. Apolipoprotein C1: Its Pleiotropic Effects in Lipid Metabolism and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235939. [PMID: 31779116 PMCID: PMC6928722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C1 (apoC1), the smallest of all apolipoproteins, participates in lipid transport and metabolism. In humans, APOC1 gene is in linkage disequilibrium with APOE gene on chromosome 19, a proximity that spurred its investigation. Apolipoprotein C1 associates with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and HDL and exchanges between lipoprotein classes. These interactions occur via amphipathic helix motifs, as demonstrated by biophysical studies on the wild-type polypeptide and representative mutants. Apolipoprotein C1 acts on lipoprotein receptors by inhibiting binding mediated by apolipoprotein E, and modulating the activities of several enzymes. Thus, apoC1 downregulates lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, phospholipase A2, cholesterylester transfer protein, and activates lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase. By controlling the plasma levels of lipids, apoC1 relates directly to cardiovascular physiology, but its activity extends beyond, to inflammation and immunity, sepsis, diabetes, cancer, viral infectivity, and-not last-to cognition. Such correlations were established based on studies using transgenic mice, associated in the recent years with GWAS, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. The presence of a duplicate gene, pseudogene APOC1P, stimulated evolutionary studies and more recently, the regulatory properties of the corresponding non-coding RNA are steadily emerging. Nonetheless, this prototypical apolipoprotein is still underexplored and deserves further research for understanding its physiology and exploiting its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Fuior
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu”, 050568 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca V. Gafencu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu”, 050568 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Lind AL, Just D, Mikus M, Fredolini C, Ioannou M, Gerdle B, Ghafouri B, Bäckryd E, Tanum L, Gordh T, Månberg A. CSF levels of apolipoprotein C1 and autotaxin found to associate with neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. J Pain Res 2019; 12:2875-2889. [PMID: 31686904 PMCID: PMC6800548 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s215348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia are two common and poorly understood chronic pain conditions that lack satisfactory treatments, cause substantial suffering and societal costs. Today, there are no biological markers on which to base chronic pain diagnoses, treatment choices or to understand the pathophysiology of pain for the individual patient. This study aimed to investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein profiles potentially associated with fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain. Methods CSF samples were collected from 25 patients with neuropathic pain (two independent sets, n=14 patients for discovery, and n=11 for verification), 40 patients with fibromyalgia and 134 controls without neurological disease from two different populations. CSF protein profiling of 55 proteins was performed using antibody suspension bead array technology. Results We found increased levels of apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) in CSF of neuropathic pain patients compared to controls and there was a trend for increased levels also in fibromyalgia patients. In addition, levels of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase family member 2 (ENPP2, also referred to as autotaxin) were increased in the CSF of fibromyalgia patients compared to all other groups including patients with neuropathic pain. Conclusion The increased levels of APOC1 and ENPP2 found in neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia patients may shed light on the underlying mechanisms of these conditions. Further investigation is required to elucidate their role in maintaining pain and other main symptoms of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Li Lind
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Just
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Deptartment of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Mikus
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Deptartment of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Fredolini
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Deptartment of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Ioannou
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Deptartment of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Center, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Center, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emmanuel Bäckryd
- Pain and Rehabilitation Center, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars Tanum
- Department of R&D in Mental Health, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Torsten Gordh
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Månberg
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Deptartment of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Evangelou P, Groll M, Oppermann H, Gaunitz F, Eisenlöffel C, Müller W, Eschrich K, Schänzer A, Nestler U. Assessment of ApoC1, LuzP6, C12orf75 and OCC-1 in cystic glioblastoma using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Med Mol Morphol 2019; 52:217-225. [PMID: 31006040 PMCID: PMC6885021 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-019-00223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric analysis of glioblastoma cyst fluids has disclosed a protein peak with m/z 6424–6433. Among the proteins, potentially generating this peak are ApoC1 and LuzP6. To further elucidate protein expression of glioblastoma cells, we analyzed MALDI–TOF results of cyst fluid, performed immunohistochemistry and mRNA analysis. MALDI–TOF protein extraction from 24 glioblastoma cyst fluids was performed with a weak cation exchange. 50 glioblastoma samples were stained with two custom-made antibodies against LuzP6 and commercial antibodies against ApoC1, C12orf75 and OCC-1 and analyzed. For mRNA detection, 16 tissue samples were stored in RNAlater, extracted using the miRNeasy kit and reversely transcribed. For 12 patients, synopsis of results from all three examinations was possible. MALDI–TOF confirmed the peak at 6433 Da in 75% of samples. Immunohistochemically, LuzP6 was detected in 92% (LuzP61–29) and 96% (LuzP630–58) of samples and ApoC1 in 66%. Mean mRNA levels were highest for ApoC1, followed by LuzP6. No correlation between mRNA expression, immunohistochemical staining and intensity of the MALDI–TOF peaks was found. An unequivocal identification of one protein as the source for the 6433 peak is not possible, but our results point to ApoC1 and LuzP6 as the underlying proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Evangelou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Groll
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Oppermann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Gaunitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Eisenlöffel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 26, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf Müller
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 26, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Eschrich
- Rudolf Schoenheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulf Nestler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Khoonsari PE, Musunri S, Herman S, Svensson CI, Tanum L, Gordh T, Kultima K. Systematic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid proteome of fibromyalgia patients. J Proteomics 2019; 190:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Effect of two lipid-lowering strategies on high-density lipoprotein function and some HDL-related proteins: a randomized clinical trial. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:49. [PMID: 28245873 PMCID: PMC5331745 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of lipid-lowering therapy on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is incompletely understood. We compared the effect of two lipid-lowering strategies on HDL functions and identified some HDL-related proteins. METHODS Thirty two patients were initially screened and HDLs of 21 patients were finally analyzed. Patients were randomized to receive atorvastatin 20 mg (n = 11) or atorvastatin 5 mg/ezetimibe 10 mg combination (n = 10) for 8 weeks. The cholesterol efflux capacity and other anti-inflammatory functions were assessed based on HDLs of the participants before and after treatment. Pre-specified HDL proteins of the same HDL samples were measured. RESULTS The post-treatment increase in cholesterol efflux capacities was similar between the groups (35.6% and 34.6% for mono-therapy and combination, respectively, p = 0.60). Changes in nitric oxide (NO) production, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were similar between the groups. The baseline cholesterol efflux capacity correlated positively with apolipoprotein (apo)A1 and C3, whereas apoA1 and apoC1 showed inverse associations with VCAM-1 expression. The changes in the cholesterol efflux capacity were positively correlated with multiple HDL proteins, especially apoA2. CONCLUSIONS Two regimens increased the cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL comparably. Multiple HDL proteins, not limited to apoA1, showed a correlation with HDL functions. These results indicate that conventional lipid therapy may have additional effects on HDL functions with changes in HDL proteins. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02942602 .
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Postupna N, Latimer CS, Larson EB, Sherfield E, Paladin J, Shively CA, Jorgensen MJ, Andrews RN, Kaplan JR, Crane PK, Montine KS, Craft S, Keene CD, Montine TJ. Human Striatal Dopaminergic and Regional Serotonergic Synaptic Degeneration with Lewy Body Disease and Inheritance of APOE ε4. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:884-895. [PMID: 28212814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in older individuals is a complex trait that in population-based studies most commonly derives from an individually varying mixture of Alzheimer disease, Lewy body disease, and vascular brain injury. We investigated the molecular composition of synaptic particles from three sources: consecutive rapid autopsy brains from the Adult Changes in Thought Study, a population-based cohort; four aged nonhuman primate brains optimally processed for molecular investigation; and targeted replacement transgenic mice homozygous for APOE ε4. Our major goal was to characterize the molecular composition of human synaptic particles in regions of striatum and prefrontal cortex. We performed flow cytometry to measure six markers of synaptic subtypes, as well as amyloid β 42 and paired helical filament tau. Our results showed selective degeneration of dopaminergic terminals throughout the striatum in individuals with Lewy body disease, and serotonergic degeneration in human ventromedial caudate nucleus from individuals with an APOE ε4 allele. Similar results were seen in mouse caudate nucleus homozygous for APOE ε4 via targeted replacement. Together, extension of these clinical, pathologic, and genetic associations from tissue to the synaptic compartment of cerebral cortex and striatum strongly supports our approach for accurately observing the molecular composition of human synapses by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Postupna
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Caitlin S Latimer
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric B Larson
- Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Emily Sherfield
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julie Paladin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Matthew J Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Rachel N Andrews
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jay R Kaplan
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article evaluates recent experimental and human evidence regarding the involvement of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in neurodegenerative diseases, and reviews the current literature of the effects of cholesterol-lowering treatment on cognition. RECENT FINDINGS Plasma levels of traditional lipids and lipoproteins are not consistently associated with risk of dementia even though low plasma levels of apolipoprotein E, through unknown mechanisms, robustly predict future dementia. Experimental evidence suggests neuroprotective roles of several brain and cerebrospinal fluid apolipoproteins. Whether plasma levels of apolipoprotein E, or any other apolipoprotein with possible central nervous system and/or blood-brain barrier functions (apolipoproteins J, A-I, A-II, A-IV, D, C-I, and C-III) may become accessible biomarker components that improve risk prediction for dementia together with genetic risk variants and cardiovascular risk factors remains to be determined. SUMMARY Apolipoproteins with well established functions in peripheral lipid metabolism may play important roles for brain vascular health and Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Experimental work on lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in the central nervous system together with robust prospective human studies will help to substantiate the drug target potential of these lipid components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Wellington
- aDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada bDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospitals cFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Wozniak MA, Lugo Iparraguirre LM, Dirks M, Deb-Chatterji M, Pflugrad H, Goldbecker A, Tryc AB, Worthmann H, Gess M, Crossey MME, Forton DM, Taylor-Robinson SD, Itzhaki RF, Weissenborn K. Apolipoprotein E-ε4 deficiency and cognitive function in hepatitis C virus-infected patients. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:39-46. [PMID: 26306786 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes not only liver damage in certain patients but can also lead to neuropsychiatric symptoms. Previous studies have shown that the type 4 allele of the gene for apolipoprotein E (APOE) is strongly protective against HCV-induced damage in liver. In this study, we have investigated the possibility that APOE genotype is involved in the action of HCV in brain. One hundred HCV-infected patients with mild liver disease underwent a neurological examination and a comprehensive psychometric testing of attention and memory function. In addition, patients completed questionnaires for the assessment of fatigue, health-related quality of life and mood disturbances. Apolipoprotein E gene genotyping was carried out on saliva using buccal swabs. The APOE-ε4 allele frequency was significantly lower in patients with an impairment of working memory, compared to those with a normal working memory test result (P = 0.003). A lower APOE-ε4 allele frequency was also observed in patients with definitely altered attention ability (P = 0.008), but here, the P-value missed the level of significance after application of the Bonferroni correction. Our data suggest that the APOE-ε4 allele is protective against attention deficit and especially against poor working memory in HCV-infected subjects with mild liver disease. Considering the role of apolipoprotein E in the life cycle of the virus, the findings shed interesting new light upon possible pathomechanisms behind the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms in hepatitis C infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Wozniak
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - M Dirks
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Deb-Chatterji
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Pflugrad
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Goldbecker
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A B Tryc
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Worthmann
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Gess
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St George's Hospital and Medical School, London, UK
| | - M M E Crossey
- Department of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D M Forton
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St George's Hospital and Medical School, London, UK
| | - S D Taylor-Robinson
- Department of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R F Itzhaki
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K Weissenborn
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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27
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Stankiewicz AM, Goscik J, Dyr W, Juszczak GR, Ryglewicz D, Swiergiel AH, Wieczorek M, Stefanski R. Novel candidate genes for alcoholism--transcriptomic analysis of prefrontal medial cortex, hippocampus and nucleus accumbens of Warsaw alcohol-preferring and non-preferring rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 139:27-38. [PMID: 26455281 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Animal models provide opportunity to study neurobiological aspects of human alcoholism. Changes in gene expression have been implicated in mediating brain functions, including reward system and addiction. The current study aimed to identify genes that may underlie differential ethanol preference in Warsaw High Preferring (WHP) and Warsaw Low Preferring (WLP) rats. METHODS Microarray analysis comparing gene expression in nucleus accumbens (NAc), hippocampus (HP) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was performed in male WHP and WLP rats bred for differences in ethanol preference. RESULTS Differential and stable between biological repeats expression of 345, 254 and 129 transcripts in NAc, HP and mPFC was detected. Identified genes and processes included known mediators of ethanol response (Mx2, Fam111a, Itpr1, Gabra4, Agtr1a, LTP/LTD, renin-angiotensin signaling pathway), toxicity (Sult1c2a, Ces1, inflammatory response), as well as genes involved in regulation of important addiction-related brain systems such as dopamine, tachykinin or acetylcholine (Gng7, Tac4, Slc5a7). CONCLUSIONS The identified candidate genes may underlie differential ethanol preference in an animal model of alcoholism. COMMENT Names of genes are written in italics, while names of proteins are written in standard font. Names of human genes/proteins are written in all capital letters. Names of rodent genes/proteins are written in capital letter followed by small letters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Stankiewicz
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Software Department, Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wanda Dyr
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Nervous System, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz R Juszczak
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Danuta Ryglewicz
- First Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur H Swiergiel
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA71130, USA.
| | - Marek Wieczorek
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Roman Stefanski
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Nervous System, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Abstract
Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains diverse lipid particles, including lipoproteins that are distinct from their plasma counterparts and contain apolipoprotein (apo) E isoforms, apoJ, and apoAI, and extracellular vesicles, which can be detected by annexin V binding. The aim of this study was to develop a method to quantify CSF particles and evaluate their relationship to aging and neurodegenerative diseases. We used a flow cytometric assay to detect annexin V-, apoE-, apoAI-, apoJ-, and amyloid (A) β42-positive particles in CSF from 131 research volunteers who were neurologically normal or had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia, or Parkinson disease. APOE ε4/ε4 participants had CSF apoE-positive particles that were more frequently larger but at an 88% lower level versus those in APOE ε3/ε3 or APOE ε3/ε4 patients; this finding was reproduced in conditioned medium from mouse primary glial cell cultures with targeted replacement of apoE. Cerebrospinal fluid apoE-positive and β-amyloid (Aβ42)-positive particle concentrations were persistently reduced one-third to one-half in middle and older age subjects; apoAI-positive particle concentration progressively increased approximately 2-fold with age. Both apoAI-positive and annexin V-positive CSF particle levels were reduced one-third to one-half in CSF of MCI and/or AD dementia patients versus age-matched controls. Our approach provides new methods to investigate CNS lipid biology in relation to neurodegeneration and perhaps develop new biomarkers for diagnosis or treatment monitoring.
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29
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Li X, Montine KS, Keene CD, Montine TJ. Different mechanisms of apolipoprotein E isoform-dependent modulation of prostaglandin E2 production and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) expression after innate immune activation of microglia. FASEB J 2015; 29:1754-62. [PMID: 25593125 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-262683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence support immune response in brain as a mechanism of injury in Alzheimer disease (AD). Moreover, immune activation is heightened in apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers; inhibitors of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis show a partially protective effect on AD risk from APOE ε4; and genetic variants in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are a rare but potent risk for AD. We tested the hypothesis that APOE ε4 inheritance modulates both the PGE2 pathway and TREM2 expression using primary murine microglia from targeted replacement (TR) APOE3/3 and APOE4/4 mice. Microglial cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal PGE synthase, and PGE2 expression were increased 2- to 25-fold in both genotypes by TLR activators; however, this induction was significantly (P < 0.01) greater in TR APOE4/4 microglia with TLR3 and TLR4 activators. Microglial TREM2 expression was reduced approximately 85% by all TLR activators; this reduction was approximately one-third greater in microglia from TR APOE4/4 mice. Importantly, both receptor-associated protein and a nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer inhibitor blocked TR APOE4/4-dependent effects on the PGE2 pathway but not on TREM2 expression. These data demonstrate complementary, but mechanistically distinct, regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in TR APOE4/4 murine microglia that yields a more proinflammatory state than with TR APOE3/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwu Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathleen S Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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30
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Yang Y, Aloi MS, Cudaback E, Josephsen SR, Rice SJ, Jorstad NL, Keene CD, Montine TJ. Wild-type bone marrow transplant partially reverses neuroinflammation in progranulin-deficient mice. J Transl Med 2014; 94:1224-36. [PMID: 25199051 PMCID: PMC4218738 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease with devastating changes in behavioral performance and social function. Mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) are one of the most common causes of inherited FTD due to reduced progranulin expression or activity, including in brain where it is expressed primarily by neurons and microglia. Thus, efforts aimed at enhancing progranulin levels might be a promising therapeutic strategy. Bone marrow (BM)-derived cells are able to engraft in the brain and adopt a microglial phenotype under myeloablative irradiation conditioning. This ability makes BM-derived cells a potential cellular vehicle for transferring therapeutic molecules to the central nervous system. Here, we utilized BM cells from Grn(+/+) (wild type or wt) mice labeled with green fluorescence protein for delivery of progranulin to progranulin-deficient (Grn(-/-)) mice. Our results showed that wt bone marrow transplantation (BMT) partially reconstituted progranulin in the periphery and in cerebral cortex of Grn(-/-) mice. We demonstrated a pro-inflammatory effect in vivo and in ex vivo preparations of cerebral cortex of Grn(-/-) mice that was partially to fully reversed 5 months after BMT. Our findings suggest that BMT can be administered as a stem cell-based approach to prevent or to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Address correspondence to: Yue Yang, Ph.D., Harborview Medical Center, 300 9th Ave, Seattle, WA, 98104, Phone: 206-897-5246, Fax: 206-897-5249,
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31
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[Alzheimer's disease: New therapeutic strategies]. Med Clin (Barc) 2014; 145:76-83. [PMID: 25245784 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase in prevalence rates of Alzheimer's disease means that treatments to prevent, stop or reverse this devastating disease are urgently needed. Despite advances in understanding its molecular pathology, there are no drugs that can halt its progression. This review takes a tour through phase 2, or higher studies, probing receptor agonist agents interfering with aggregation, inhibitors/modulators of secretases, lipid-lowering agents, and, finally and most extensively, immunotherapy. The fact that phase 3 studies with bapineuzumab and solaneuzumab have recently failed does not invalidate the potential of immunotherapy, as more information is available and new clinical trials are being initiated.
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32
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Cudaback E, Yang Y, Montine TJ, Keene CD. APOE genotype-dependent modulation of astrocyte chemokine CCL3 production. Glia 2014; 63:51-65. [PMID: 25092803 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is well known as a regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, and is increasingly recognized to play a prominent role in the modulation of innate immune response, including cell-to-cell communication and migration. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuroinflammation that appears to be an important component of the pathophysiology of the disease. Astrocytes are the majority cell type in brain, exerting significant influence over a range of central nervous system activities, including microglial-mediated neuroinflammatory responses. As the resident innate immune effector cells of the brain, microglia respond to soluble chemical signals released from tissue during injury and disease by mobilizing to lesion sites, clearing toxic molecules, and releasing chemical signals of their own. While microglial-mediated neuroinflammation in the AD brain remains an area of intense investigation, the mechanisms underlying reinforcement and regulation of these aberrant microglial responses by astrocytes are largely unstudied. Moreover, although inheritance of APOE ɛ4 represents the greatest genetic risk factor for sporadic AD, the mechanism by which apoE isoforms differentially influence AD pathophysiology is unknown. Here we show that APOE ɛ4 genotype specifically modulates astrocyte secretion of potent microglial chemotactic agents, including CCL3, thus providing evidence that APOE modulation of central nervous system (CNS) innate immune response is mediated through astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiron Cudaback
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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33
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Barbisin M, Vanni S, Schmädicke AC, Montag J, Motzkus D, Opitz L, Salinas-Riester G, Legname G. Gene expression profiling of brains from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)-infected cynomolgus macaques. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:434. [PMID: 24898206 PMCID: PMC4061447 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders whose pathogenesis mechanisms are not fully understood. In this context, the analysis of gene expression alterations occurring in prion-infected animals represents a powerful tool that may contribute to unravel the molecular basis of prion diseases and therefore discover novel potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutics. Here we present the first large-scale transcriptional profiling of brains from BSE-infected cynomolgus macaques, which are an excellent model for human prion disorders. RESULTS The study was conducted using the GeneChip® Rhesus Macaque Genome Array and revealed 300 transcripts with expression changes greater than twofold. Among these, the bioinformatics analysis identified 86 genes with known functions, most of which are involved in cellular development, cell death and survival, lipid homeostasis, and acute phase response signaling. RT-qPCR was performed on selected gene transcripts in order to validate the differential expression in infected animals versus controls. The results obtained with the microarray technology were confirmed and a gene signature was identified. In brief, HBB and HBA2 were down-regulated in infected macaques, whereas TTR, APOC1 and SERPINA3 were up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS Some genes involved in oxygen or lipid transport and in innate immunity were found to be dysregulated in prion infected macaques. These genes are known to be involved in other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Our results may facilitate the identification of potential disease biomarkers for many neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Legname
- Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
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Trifonova EA, Gabidulina TV, Ershov NI, Serebrova VN, Vorozhishcheva AY, Stepanov VA. Analysis of the placental tissue transcriptome of normal and preeclampsia complicated pregnancies. Acta Naturae 2014; 6:71-83. [PMID: 25093114 PMCID: PMC4115229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the most severe gestational complications which is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. A growth in the incidence of severe and combined forms of the pathology has been observed in recent years. According to modern concepts, inadequate cytotrophoblast invasion into the spiral arteries of the uterus and development of the ischemia-reperfusion syndrome in the placental tissue play the leading role in the development of preeclampsia, which is characterized by multipleorgan failure. In this regard, our work was aimed at studying the patterns of placental tissue transcriptome that are specific to females with PE and with physiological pregnancy, as well as identifying the potential promising biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of this pathology. We have identified 63 genes whose expression proved to differ significantly in the placental tissue of females with PE and with physiological pregnancy. A cluster of differentially expressed genes (DEG) whose expression level is increased in patients with preeclampsia includes not only the known candidate genes that have been identified in many other genome-wide studies (e.g., LEP, BHLHB2, SIGLEC6, RDH13, BCL6), but also new genes (ANKRD37, SYDE1, CYBA, ITGB2, etc.), which can be considered as new biological markers of preeclampsia and are of further interest. The results of a functional annotation of DEG show that the development of preeclampsia may be related to a stress response, immune processes, the regulation of cell-cell interactions, intracellular signaling cascades, etc. In addition, the features of the differential gene expression depending on preeclampsia severity were revealed. We have found evidence of the important role of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the failure of immunological tolerance and initiation of the pro-inflammatory cascade in the development of severe preeclampsia. The results obtained elaborate the concept of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and contain the information necessary to work out measures for targeted therapy of this disease. ;
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Trifonova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Nab. Ushayky 10, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Lenina Avenue, 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - T. V. Gabidulina
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moskovsky Trakt, 2, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N. I. Ershov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Lavrentieva 10, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V. N. Serebrova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Nab. Ushayky 10, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - V. A. Stepanov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Nab. Ushayky 10, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Lenina Avenue, 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
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35
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Yu CE, Cudaback E, Foraker J, Thomson Z, Leong L, Lutz F, Gill JA, Saxton A, Kraemer B, Navas P, Keene CD, Montine T, Bekris LM. Epigenetic signature and enhancer activity of the human APOE gene. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:5036-47. [PMID: 23892237 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene plays an important role in lipid metabolism. It has three common genetic variants, alleles ε2/ε3/ε4, which translate into three protein isoforms of apoE2, E3 and E4. These isoforms can differentially influence total serum cholesterol levels; therefore, APOE has been linked with cardiovascular disease. Additionally, its ε4 allele is strongly associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas the ε2 allele appears to have a modest protective effect for AD. Despite decades of research having illuminated multiple functional differences among the three apoE isoforms, the precise mechanisms through which different APOE alleles modify diseases risk remain incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the genomic structure of APOE in search for properties that may contribute novel biological consequences to the risk of disease. We identify one such element in the ε2/ε3/ε4 allele-carrying 3'-exon of APOE. We show that this exon is imbedded in a well-defined CpG island (CGI) that is highly methylated in the human postmortem brain. We demonstrate that this APOE CGI exhibits transcriptional enhancer/silencer activity. We provide evidence that this APOE CGI differentially modulates expression of genes at the APOE locus in a cell type-, DNA methylation- and ε2/ε3/ε4 allele-specific manner. These findings implicate a novel functional role for a 3'-exon CGI and support a modified mechanism of action for APOE in disease risk, involving not only the protein isoforms but also an epigenetically regulated transcriptional program at the APOE locus driven by the APOE CGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
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