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Argandona Lopez C, Brown AM. Microglial- neuronal crosstalk in chronic viral infection through mTOR, SPP1/OPN and inflammasome pathway signaling. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368465. [PMID: 38646526 PMCID: PMC11032048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-infection of microglia and macrophages (MMs) induces neuronal injury and chronic release of inflammatory stimuli through direct and indirect molecular pathways. A large percentage of people with HIV-associated neurologic and psychiatric co-morbidities have high levels of circulating inflammatory molecules. Microglia, given their susceptibility to HIV infection and long-lived nature, are reservoirs for persistent infection. MMs and neurons possess the molecular machinery to detect pathogen nucleic acids and proteins to activate innate immune signals. Full activation of inflammasome assembly and expression of IL-1β requires a priming event and a second signal. Many studies have demonstrated that HIV infection alone can activate inflammasome activity. Interestingly, secreted phosphoprotein-1 (SPP1/OPN) expression is highly upregulated in the CNS of people infected with HIV and neurologic dysfunction. Interestingly, all evidence thus far suggests a protective function of SPP1 signaling through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1/2) pathway function to counter HIV-neuronal injury. Moreover, HIV-infected mice knocked down for SPP1 show by neuroimaging, increased neuroinflammation compared to controls. This suggests that SPP1 uses unique regulatory mechanisms to control the level of inflammatory signaling. In this mini review, we discuss the known and yet-to-be discovered biological links between SPP1-mediated stimulation of mTOR and inflammasome activity. Additional new mechanistic insights from studies in relevant experimental models will provide a greater understanding of crosstalk between microglia and neurons in the regulation of CNS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Argandona Lopez
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amanda M. Brown
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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2
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Risen SJ, Boland SW, Sharma S, Weisman GM, Shirley PM, Latham AS, Hay AJD, Gilberto VS, Hines AD, Brindley S, Brown JM, McGrath S, Chatterjee A, Nagpal P, Moreno JA. Targeting Neuroinflammation by Pharmacologic Downregulation of Inflammatory Pathways Is Neuroprotective in Protein Misfolding Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1533-1547. [PMID: 38507813 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative protein misfolding disorders. This category of progressive diseases includes, but is not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and prion diseases. Shared pathogenesis involves the accumulation of misfolded proteins, chronic neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction, ultimately leading to irreversible neuronal loss, measurable cognitive deficits, and death. Presently, there are few to no effective treatments to halt the advancement of neurodegenerative diseases. We hypothesized that directly targeting neuroinflammation by downregulating the transcription factor, NF-κB, and the inflammasome protein, NLRP3, would be neuroprotective. To achieve this, we used a cocktail of RNA targeting therapeutics (SB_NI_112) shown to be brain-penetrant, nontoxic, and effective inhibitors of both NF-κB and NLRP3. We utilized a mouse-adapted prion strain as a model for neurodegenerative diseases to assess the aggregation of misfolded proteins, glial inflammation, neuronal loss, cognitive deficits, and lifespan. Prion-diseased mice were treated either intraperitoneally or intranasally with SB_NI_112. Behavioral and cognitive deficits were significantly protected by this combination of NF-κB and NLRP3 downregulators. Treatment reduced glial inflammation, protected against neuronal loss, prevented spongiotic change, rescued cognitive deficits, and significantly lengthened the lifespan of prion-diseased mice. We have identified a nontoxic, systemic pharmacologic that downregulates NF-κB and NLRP3, prevents neuronal death, and slows the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Though mouse models do not always predict human patient success and the study was limited due to sample size and number of dosing methods utilized, these findings serve as a proof of principle for continued translation of the therapeutic SB_NI_112 for prion disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the success in a murine prion model, we will continue testing SB_NI_112 in a variety of neurodegenerative disease models, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney J Risen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Sean W Boland
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Sadhana Sharma
- Sachi Bioworks Inc., Colorado Technology Center, 685 South Arthur Avenue, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | - Grace M Weisman
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Payton M Shirley
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Amanda S Latham
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Arielle J D Hay
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Vincenzo S Gilberto
- Sachi Bioworks Inc., Colorado Technology Center, 685 South Arthur Avenue, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | - Amelia D Hines
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Stephen Brindley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Stephanie McGrath
- Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Anushree Chatterjee
- Sachi Bioworks Inc., Colorado Technology Center, 685 South Arthur Avenue, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | - Prashant Nagpal
- Sachi Bioworks Inc., Colorado Technology Center, 685 South Arthur Avenue, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | - Julie A Moreno
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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3
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Kang SG, Kim C, Aiken J, McKenzie D. Innate Immune Status of Glia Modulates Prion Propagation in Early Stage of Infection. Cells 2023; 12:1878. [PMID: 37508542 PMCID: PMC10378504 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are progressive neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans and various mammals. The prominent neuropathological change in prion-affected brains is neuroinflammation, histopathologically characterized by reactive gliosis surrounding prion deposition. The cause and effect of these cellular responses are still unclear. Here we investigate the impact of innate immune responses on prion replication using in vitro cell culture models. Hamster-adapted transmissible mink encephalopathy prions, hyper (HY) and drowsy (DY) strains, were assayed for accumulation of pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) in primary glial cultures derived from 8-day-old hamster pups. The kinetics of PrPSc accumulation largely depended on prion strain and brain regions from where glial cells originated. Glial cells derived from the cerebellum were susceptible to HY, but resistant to DY strain as determined by western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, and animal bioassay. Glial cells from the cerebral cortex were, however, refractory to both strains. PrPSc accumulation was affected by innate immune modulators. Priming glial cells with lipopolysaccharide decreased prion replication, whereas pre-treatment with dexamethasone, inhibiting innate immunity, increased susceptibility to DY infection. Our results suggest that neuroinflammation resulting from prion infection is a response to resolve and/or prevent prion propagation in the brain. It implies a therapeutic potential of innate immune modulation in the early stages of prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Gyun Kang
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Chiye Kim
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Judd Aiken
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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4
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Hay AJD, Latham AS, Mumford G, Hines AD, Risen S, Gordon E, Siebenaler C, Gilberto VS, Zabel MD, Moreno JA. Intranasally delivered mesenchymal stromal cells decrease glial inflammation early in prion disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1158408. [PMID: 37250395 PMCID: PMC10213210 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1158408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an intriguing avenue for the treatment of neurological disorders due to their ability to migrate to sites of neuroinflammation and respond to paracrine signaling in those sites by secreting cytokines, growth factors, and other neuromodulators. We potentiated this ability by stimulating MSCs with inflammatory molecules, improving their migratory and secretory properties. We investigated the use of intranasally delivered adipose-derived MSCs (AdMSCs) in combating prion disease in a mouse model. Prion disease is a rare, lethal neurodegenerative disease that results from the misfolding and aggregation of the prion protein. Early signs of this disease include neuroinflammation, activation of microglia, and development of reactive astrocytes. Later stages of disease include development of vacuoles, neuronal loss, abundant aggregated prions, and astrogliosis. We demonstrate the ability of AdMSCs to upregulate anti-inflammatory genes and growth factors when stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or prion-infected brain homogenates. We stimulated AdMSCs with TNFα and performed biweekly intranasal deliveries of AdMSCs on mice that had been intracranially inoculated with mouse-adapted prions. At early stages in disease, animals treated with AdMSCs showed decreased vacuolization throughout the brain. Expression of genes associated with Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and Nod-Like Receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling were decreased in the hippocampus. AdMSC treatment promoted a quiescent state in hippocampal microglia by inducing changes in both number and morphology. Animals that received AdMSCs showed a decrease in both overall and reactive astrocyte number, and morphological changes indicative of homeostatic astrocytes. Although this treatment did not prolong survival or rescue neurons, it demonstrates the benefits of MSCs in combatting neuroinflammation and astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle J. D. Hay
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Amanda S. Latham
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Genova Mumford
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Amelia D. Hines
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sydney Risen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth Gordon
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Connor Siebenaler
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Vincenzo S. Gilberto
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Mark D. Zabel
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Julie A. Moreno
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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5
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Chiarini A, Gui L, Viviani C, Armato U, Dal Prà I. NLRP3 Inflammasome’s Activation in Acute and Chronic Brain Diseases—An Update on Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives with Respect to Other Inflammasomes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11040999. [PMID: 37189617 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly prevalent acute and chronic human brain diseases are scourges for the elderly. Besides the lack of therapies, these ailments share a neuroinflammation that is triggered/sustained by different innate immunity-related protein oligomers called inflammasomes. Relevant neuroinflammation players such as microglia/monocytes typically exhibit a strong NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Hence the idea that NLRP3 suppression might solve neurodegenerative ailments. Here we review the recent Literature about this topic. First, we update conditions and mechanisms, including RNAs, extracellular vesicles/exosomes, endogenous compounds, and ethnic/pharmacological agents/extracts regulating NLRP3 function. Second, we pinpoint NLRP3-activating mechanisms and known NLRP3 inhibition effects in acute (ischemia, stroke, hemorrhage), chronic (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, MS, ALS), and virus-induced (Zika, SARS-CoV-2, and others) human brain diseases. The available data show that (i) disease-specific divergent mechanisms activate the (mainly animal) brains NLRP3; (ii) no evidence proves that NLRP3 inhibition modifies human brain diseases (yet ad hoc trials are ongoing); and (iii) no findings exclude that concurrently activated other-than-NLRP3 inflammasomes might functionally replace the inhibited NLRP3. Finally, we highlight that among the causes of the persistent lack of therapies are the species difference problem in disease models and a preference for symptomatic over etiologic therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we posit that human neural cell-based disease models could drive etiological, pathogenetic, and therapeutic advances, including NLRP3’s and other inflammasomes’ regulation, while minimizing failure risks in candidate drug trials.
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6
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Zhu Q, Zheng F, You W, Kang X, Chen C, Pan Z, Zhou J, Hu W. Expression of Histone H1 in Rats with Traumatic Brain Injury and the Effect of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. World Neurosurg 2023; 171:e286-e290. [PMID: 36509326 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore expression of histone H1 after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the effect of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway on its expression. METHODS Of 24 rats, 15 were randomly divided into a sham and 4 TBI groups, with 3 rats in each group; the remaining 9 rats were randomly divided into sham group, TBI group, and TBI+CY-09 group, with 3 rats in each group. The expression of histone H1 in rat serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Western blot was used to detect the expression of target protein in the injured brain tissue of rats. RESULTS On the 3rd day after TBI, compared with the sham group, the expression of histone H1 was decreased (P < 0.05). After inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway with CY-09, expressions of IL-1β, IL-18, and histone H1 in rat-injured brain tissue in the TBI+CY-09 group were decreased compared with the TBI group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The expression of histone H1 decreased significantly from the 3rd day after TBI. Inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway may reduce the expression of histone H1. The expression of histone H1 was affected by the microglia-related central nervous system inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangbin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hui'an County Hospital, Quanzhou Hui'an, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wei You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
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7
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Hay AJD, Murphy TJ, Popichak KA, Zabel MD, Moreno JA. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells decrease prion-induced glial inflammation in vitro. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22567. [PMID: 36581683 PMCID: PMC9800558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are characterized by the cellular prion protein, PrPC, misfolding and aggregating into the infectious prion protein, PrPSc, which leads to neurodegeneration and death. An early sign of disease is inflammation in the brain and the shift of resting glial cells to reactive astrocytes and activated microglia. Few therapeutics target this stage of disease. Mesenchymal stromal cells produce anti-inflammatory molecules when exposed to inflammatory signals and damaged tissue. Here, we show that adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AdMSCs) migrate toward prion-infected brain homogenate and produce the anti-inflammatory molecules transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6). In an in vitro model of prion exposure of both primary mixed glia and BV2 microglial cell line, co-culturing with AdMSCs led to a significant decrease in inflammatory cytokine mRNA and markers of reactive astrocytes and activated microglia. This protection against in vitro prion-associated inflammatory responses is independent of PrPSc replication. These data support a role for AdMSCs as a beneficial therapeutic for decreasing the early onset of glial inflammation and reprogramming glial cells to a protective phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle J. D. Hay
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Prion Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA ,grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Tanner J. Murphy
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Prion Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA ,grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA ,grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Katriana A. Popichak
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Prion Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA ,grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA ,grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Present Address: Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Mark D. Zabel
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Prion Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA ,grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA ,grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Present Address: Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Julie A. Moreno
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Prion Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA ,grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA ,grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Present Address: Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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8
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Barczuk J, Siwecka N, Lusa W, Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Kucharska E, Majsterek I. Targeting NLRP3-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168979. [PMID: 36012243 PMCID: PMC9409081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the general population and, to date, constitutes a major therapeutic challenge. In the pathogenesis of AD, aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) containing Tau-microtubule-associated protein (tau) are known to trigger a neuroinflammatory response with subsequent formation of an inflammasome. In particular, the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is thought to play a crucial role in AD-related pathology. While the mechanisms for NLRP3 activation are not fully understood, it has been demonstrated that, after detection of protein aggregates, NLRP3 induces pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 18 (IL-18) or interleukin 1β (IL-1β), that further potentiate AD progression. Specific inhibitors of NLRP3 that exhibit various mechanisms to attenuate the activity of NLRP3 have been tested in in vivo studies and have yielded promising results, as shown by the reduced level of tau and Aβ aggregates and diminished cognitive impairment. Herein, we would like to summarize the current state of knowledge on NLRP3 inflammasome priming, activation, and its actual role in AD pathogenesis, and to characterize the NLRP3 inhibitors that have been studied most and their impact on AD-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Barczuk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Siwecka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Weronika Lusa
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Kucharska
- Department of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Social Work, Jesuit University Ignatianum, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-53-00
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9
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Tarakcioglu E, Tastan B, Arioz BI, Tufekci KU, Genc S. Melatonin Alters the miRNA Transcriptome of Inflammasome Activation in Murine Microglial Cells. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3202-3211. [PMID: 35842554 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation can have devastating effects on the central nervous system via its resident immune cells, the microglia. One of the primary mediators of this inflammation is inflammasomes, multiprotein complexes that trigger a release of inflammatory proteins when activated. Melatonin, a hormone with anti-inflammatory effects, is an attractive candidate for suppressing such inflammation. In this study, we have investigated how melatonin alters the microRNA (miRNA) transcriptome of microglial cells. For that purpose, we have performed RNA sequencing on a lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate (LPS + ATP) induced NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation model in the N9 mouse microglial cell line, with and without melatonin pre-treatment. We have identified 136 differentially expressed miRNAs in cells exposed to LPS + ATP compared to controls and 10 differentially expressed miRNAs in melatonin pre-treated cells compared to the inflammasome group. We have identified miR-155-3p as a miRNA that is upregulated with inflammasome activation and downregulated with melatonin treatment. We further confirmed this pattern of miR-155-3p expression in the brains of mice injected intraperitoneally with LPS. Moreover, an overexpression study with miRNA-155-3p mimic supported the idea that the protective effects of melatonin in NLRP3 inflammasome activation are partly associated with miRNA-155-3p inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Tarakcioglu
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Izmir, Balcova, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bora Tastan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Izmir, Balcova, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burak I Arioz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Izmir, Balcova, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Ugur Tufekci
- Department of Health Care Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Izmir Democracy University, 35290, Izmir, Turkey.,Center for Brain and Neuroscience Research, Izmir Democracy University, 35290, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sermin Genc
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Izmir, Balcova, Turkey. .,Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
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10
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Vicente-Acosta A, Ceprian M, Sobrino P, Pazos MR, Loría F. Cannabinoids as Glial Cell Modulators in Ischemic Stroke: Implications for Neuroprotection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888222. [PMID: 35721207 PMCID: PMC9199389 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide following coronary heart disease. Despite significant efforts to find effective treatments to reduce neurological damage, many patients suffer from sequelae that impair their quality of life. For this reason, the search for new therapeutic options for the treatment of these patients is a priority. Glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, participate in crucial processes that allow the correct functioning of the neural tissue, being actively involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke. Although the exact mechanisms by which glial cells contribute in the pathophysiological context of stroke are not yet completely understood, they have emerged as potentially therapeutic targets to improve brain recovery. The endocannabinoid system has interesting immunomodulatory and protective effects in glial cells, and the pharmacological modulation of this signaling pathway has revealed potential neuroprotective effects in different neurological diseases. Therefore, here we recapitulate current findings on the potential promising contribution of the endocannabinoid system pharmacological manipulation in glial cells for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Vicente-Acosta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Ceprian
- ERC Team, PGNM, INSERM U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pilar Sobrino
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Maria Ruth Pazos
- Laboratorio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Frida Loría
- Laboratorio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
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11
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Mata-Martínez E, Díaz-Muñoz M, Vázquez-Cuevas FG. Glial Cells and Brain Diseases: Inflammasomes as Relevant Pathological Entities. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:929529. [PMID: 35783102 PMCID: PMC9243488 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.929529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation mediated by the innate immune system is a physiopathological response to diverse detrimental circumstances such as microbe infections or tissular damage. The molecular events that underlie this response involve the assembly of multiprotein complexes known as inflammasomes. These assemblages are essentially formed by a stressor-sensing protein, an adapter protein and a non-apoptotic caspase (1 or 11). The coordinated aggregation of these components mediates the processing and release of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-β and IL-18) and cellular death by pyroptosis induction. The inflammatory response is essential for the defense of the organism; for example, it triggers tissue repair and the destruction of pathogen microbe infections. However, when inflammation is activated chronically, it promotes diverse pathologies in the lung, liver, brain and other organs. The nervous system is one of the main tissues where the inflammatory process has been characterized, and its implications in health and disease are starting to be understood. Thus, the regulation of inflammasomes in specific cellular types of the central nervous system needs to be thoroughly understood to innovate treatments for diverse pathologies. In this review, the presence and participation of inflammasomes in pathological conditions in different types of glial cells will be discussed.
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12
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Pereira AC, De Pascale J, Resende R, Cardoso S, Ferreira I, Neves BM, Carrascal MA, Zuzarte M, Madeira N, Morais S, Macedo A, do Carmo A, Moreira PI, Cruz MT, Pereira CF. ER-mitochondria communication is involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation under stress conditions in the innate immune system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:213. [PMID: 35344105 PMCID: PMC11072401 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are key events in the initiation and/or progression of several diseases, are correlated with alterations at ER-mitochondria contact sites, the so-called "Mitochondria-Associated Membranes" (MAMs). These intracellular structures are also implicated in NLRP3 inflammasome activation which is an important driver of sterile inflammation, however, the underlying molecular basis remains unclear. This work aimed to investigate the role of ER-mitochondria communication during ER stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in both peripheral and central innate immune systems, by using THP-1 human monocytes and BV2 microglia cells, respectively, as in vitro models. Markers of ER stress, mitochondrial dynamics and mass, as well as NLRP3 inflammasome activation were evaluated by Western Blot, IL-1β secretion was measured by ELISA, and ER-mitochondria contacts were quantified by transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and polarization were analyzed with fluorescent probes, and measurement of aconitase and SOD2 activities monitored mitochondrial ROS accumulation. ER stress was demonstrated to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in both peripheral and central immune cells. Studies in monocytes indicate that ER stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation occurs by a Ca2+-dependent and ROS-independent mechanism, which is coupled with upregulation of MAMs-resident chaperones, closer ER-mitochondria contacts, as well as mitochondrial depolarization and impaired dynamics. Moreover, enhanced ER stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the immune system was found associated with pathological conditions since it was observed in monocytes derived from bipolar disorder (BD) patients, supporting a pro-inflammatory status in BD. In conclusion, by demonstrating that ER-mitochondria communication plays a key role in the response of the innate immune cells to ER stress, this work contributes to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation under stress conditions, and to disclose novel potential therapeutic targets for diseases associated with sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Pereira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jessica De Pascale
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Resende
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Miguel Neves
- iBiMED-Department of Medical Sciences and Institute for Biomedicine, University Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mylène A Carrascal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Tecnimede Group, Sintra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- iCBR-Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Madeira
- Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry, CHUC-UC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Morais
- Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry, CHUC-UC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Macedo
- Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry, CHUC-UC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anália do Carmo
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, CHUC-UC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia F Pereira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- , Coimbra, Portugal.
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13
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Fan T, Wan Y, Niu D, Wang B, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Gong Z, Zhang L. Comprehensive analysis of pyroptosis regulation patterns and their influence on tumor immune microenvironment and patient prognosis in glioma. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:13. [PMID: 35274175 PMCID: PMC8913830 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common intracranial malignancy with a poor prognosis. Although remarkable advances have been made in the study of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, the efficacy of current treatment strategies is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, developing novel and reliable targets is desperately needed for glioma patients. Pyroptosis reshapes tumor immune microenvironment (TME) and promotes the destruction of the tumor by the immune system. Moreover, pyroptosis levels correlate with prognosis and immunotherapy response in many cancer patients. This study performed a comprehensive analysis of pyroptosis in the glioma, unveiling its potential value in glioma prognosis prediction and therapy efficacy. METHODS Firstly, the pyroptosis regulation patterns were comprehensively evaluated on 33 pyroptosis-related genes in 1716 glioma samples. The correlations were analyzed between pyroptosis regulation patterns and TME immune cell infiltration properties. Next, pyroptosis regulation patterns were measured by the PSscore model based on principal component analysis algorithms. The correlations were analyzed between PSscore and tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapeutic advantages. Last, the findings were validated in an independently collected external clinical cohort. RESULTS We determined two distinct pyroptosis regulation patterns. The cluster-A was high immune cell infiltration with a poor prognosis (p < 0.001), whereas the cluster-B was low immune cell infiltration with a better prognosis (p < 0.001). We developed the PSscore as a measure for pyroptosis regulation patterns. The high PSscore with an inflamed TME phenotype, a high TMB (p < 0.0001), increased innate immune response, and a poor prognosis (p < 0.001). It was in stark contrast to the low PSscore (p < 0.001). Analysis of PSscore with checkpoint therapy indicated high PSscore were correlated with enhanced response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (p = 0.0046). For validation, we utilized in vitro experiments on an external clinical cohort. The results demonstrated that GSDMD expression level in the high PSscore group was significantly upregulated compared to the low PSscore group (p < 0.001); the CD3+ T cells and the CD3+PD-1+ cells significantly increased in the high PSscore group compared to the low PSscore group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The PSscore of pyroptosis regulation pattern is a reliable biomarker, and it is valuable to predict prognosis, TME, and ICB therapeutic efficiency in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Fan
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Wan
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Delei Niu
- The Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- The Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zugui Zhang
- Institute for Research on Equity and Community Health, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Sino-Cellbiomed Institutes of Medical Cell & Pharmaceutical Proteins Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiangnan University, 889 Chenzhou Avenue, Hunan, Chenzhou, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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14
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Brahadeeswaran S, Sivagurunathan N, Calivarathan L. Inflammasome Signaling in the Aging Brain and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2288-2304. [PMID: 35066762 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes, members of the innate immune system, and their activation and regulation play an essential role in maintaining homeostatic conditions against exogenous and endogenous stimuli. Inflammasomes occur as cytosolic proteins and assemble into a complex during the recognition of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns by pattern-recognition receptors in host cells. The formation of the inflammasome complex elicits signaling molecules of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and interleukin 18 via activation of caspase-1 in the canonical inflammasome pathway whereas caspase-11 in the case of a mouse and caspase-4 and caspase-5 in the case of humans in the non-canonical inflammasome pathway, resulting in pyroptotic or inflammatory cell death which ultimately leads to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammasome activation, particularly in microglial cells and macrophages, has been linked to aging as well as age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The accumulation of abnormal/ misfolded proteins acts as a ligand for inflammasome activation in neurodegenerative diseases. Although recent studies have revealed the inflammasomes' functionality in both in vitro and in vivo models, many inflammasome signaling cascade activations during biological aging, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration are still ambiguous. In this review, we comprehensively unveil the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammasome activation during neuronal aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, prion disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Brahadeeswaran
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Campus, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Narmadhaa Sivagurunathan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Campus, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Latchoumycandane Calivarathan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Campus, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India.
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15
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Shevchuk DV, Abramova AA, Zakharova MN. The Role of Inflammasomes in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022; 16. [PMCID: PMC9575632 DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract—Protein misfolding and accumulation of protein aggregates is a distinctive feature of most neurodegenerative diseases. They lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis, loss of synaptic connections, and therefore cellular apoptosis. It has been demonstrated that some innate immune responses play an important role in the emergence and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammasomes are components of innate immunity that play a major role in the maintenance of chronic inflammation. Inflammasomes function as intracellular sensors, detecting both exogenous and endogenous stimuli. They also take part in caspase-1 activation and the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the central nervous system (CNS), inflammasomes are predominantly expressed by microglia, the key cells of innate immunity responsible for activation and maintenance of inflammation. In addition to microglia, inflammasomes can be expressed and activated by astrocytes and neurons, as well as infiltrating myeloid cells. Understanding the mechanisms of activation and functioning of inflammasomes is crucial for the development of novel drugs targeted at modulation of the immune response associated with their excessive activation. This review provides up-to-date information on the inflammasome structure and mechanisms of action, the role of protein misfolding, aggregation and the influence of these factors on inflammasome activation, as well as potential therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases.
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16
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Kwon HS, Ha J, Kim JY, Park HH, Lee EH, Choi H, Lee KY, Lee YJ, Koh SH. Telmisartan Inhibits the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Activating the PI3K Pathway in Neural Stem Cells Injured by Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1806-1818. [PMID: 33404978 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects by suppressing inflammatory and apoptotic responses. In the present study, the effects of the ARB telmisartan on the NLRP3 inflammasome induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in neural stem cells (NSCs) were investigated, as well as their possible association with the activation of the PI3K pathway. Cultured NSCs were treated with different concentrations of telmisartan and subjected to various durations of OGD. Cell counting, lactate dehydrogenase, bromodeoxyuridine, and colony-forming unit assays were performed to measure cell viability and proliferation. In addition, the activity of intracellular signaling pathways associated with the PI3K pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome was evaluated. Telmisartan alone did not affect NSCs up to a concentration of 10 μM under normal conditions but showed toxicity at a concentration of 100 μM. Moreover, OGD reduced the viability of NSCs in a time-dependent manner. Nevertheless, treatment with telmisartan increased the viability and proliferation of OGD-injured NSCs. Furthermore, telmisartan promoted the expression of survival-related proteins and mRNA while inhibiting the expression of death-related proteins induced by OGD. In particular, telmisartan attenuated OGD-dependent expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its related signaling proteins. These beneficial effects of telmisartan were blocked by a PI3K inhibitor. Together, these results indicate that telmisartan attenuated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by triggering the PI3K pathway, thereby contributing to neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Sung Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea
| | - Jungsoon Ha
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea
- GemVax & Kael Co., Ltd, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Park
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Yong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Holbrook JA, Jarosz-Griffiths HH, Caseley E, Lara-Reyna S, Poulter JA, Williams-Gray CH, Peckham D, McDermott MF. Neurodegenerative Disease and the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643254. [PMID: 33776778 PMCID: PMC7987926 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease has increased significantly in recent years, and with a rapidly aging global population, this trend is expected to continue. These diseases are characterised by a progressive neuronal loss in the brain or peripheral nervous system, and generally involve protein aggregation, as well as metabolic abnormalities and immune dysregulation. Although the vast majority of neurodegeneration is idiopathic, there are many known genetic and environmental triggers. In the past decade, research exploring low-grade systemic inflammation and its impact on the development and progression of neurodegenerative disease has increased. A particular research focus has been whether systemic inflammation arises only as a secondary effect of disease or is also a cause of pathology. The inflammasomes, and more specifically the NLRP3 inflammasome, a crucial component of the innate immune system, is usually activated in response to infection or tissue damage. Dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases. This review aims to summarise current literature on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and recent work investigating NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition as a potential future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Holbrook
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heledd H. Jarosz-Griffiths
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Caseley
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Poulter
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline H. Williams-Gray
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Centre for Cystic Fibrosis, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F. McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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18
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Neuroinflammation in Prion Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042196. [PMID: 33672129 PMCID: PMC7926464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, typically manifest as microglial activation and astrogliosis accompanied by transcriptomic alterations, represents a common hallmark of various neurodegenerative conditions including prion diseases. Microglia play an overall neuroprotective role in prion disease, whereas reactive astrocytes with aberrant phenotypes propagate prions and contribute to prion-induced neurodegeneration. The existence of heterogeneous subpopulations and dual functions of microglia and astrocytes in prion disease make them potential targets for therapeutic intervention. A variety of neuroinflammation-related molecules are involved in prion pathogenesis. Therapeutics targeting neuroinflammation represents a novel approach to combat prion disease. Deciphering neuroinflammation in prion disease will deepen our understanding of pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative disorders.
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19
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Shi Y, Lv Q, Zheng M, Sun H, Shi F. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor INF39 attenuated NLRP3 assembly in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107358. [PMID: 33508701 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INF39 is a nontoxic, irreversible, acrylate-based NLRP3 inhibitor and a further optimization of ethyl 2-((2-chlorophenyl) hydroxyl) methyl) acrylate (INF4E). However, the detail mechanism and the direct target of its anti-inflammatory activity is not clear. Here, we show that INF39 is a specific inhibitor for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. INF39 specifically suppresses NLRP3 activation but not the NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasomes. INF39 has no effect on K+ efflux, ROS generation or mitochondrial membrane potential, which are the upstream events of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In addition, INF39 has no direct inhibitory effect on GSDMD, which is the downstream event of inflammasomes. More importantly, INF39 inhibits the interaction of NEK7-NLRP3, and subsequently inhibits interaction of NLRP3-NLRP3, NLRP3-ASC, ASC oligomerization and speckle formation. Altogether, our study unveils a deeper anti-inflammatory mechanism for INF39 and suggests it could serve as a lead for developing novel therapeutics combating NLRP3-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Shi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengjie Zheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fushan Shi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Rashidi M, Wicks IP, Vince JE. Inflammasomes and Cell Death: Common Pathways in Microparticle Diseases. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:1003-1020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kurakin A, Bredesen DE. Alzheimer's disease as a systems network disorder: chronic stress/dyshomeostasis, innate immunity, and genetics. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17815-17844. [PMID: 32957083 PMCID: PMC7585078 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ineffective results of clinical trials of over 200 anti-Alzheimer's drug candidates, with a 99.6% attrition rate, suggest that the current paradigm of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be incomplete, necessitating exploration of alternative and complementary frameworks.Using algorithms for hypothesis independent search and expert-assisted synthesis of heterogeneous data, we attempted to reconcile multimodal clinical profiles of early-stage AD patients and accumulated research data within a parsimonious framework. Results of our analysis suggest that Alzheimer's may not be a brain disease but a progressive system-level network disorder, which is driven by chronic network stress and dyshomeostasis. The latter can be caused by various endogenous and exogenous factors, such as chronic inflammatory conditions, infections, vascular dysfunction, head trauma, environmental toxicity, and immune disorders. Whether originating in the brain or on the periphery, chronic stress, toxicity, and inflammation are communicated to the central nervous system (CNS) via humoral and neural routes, preferentially targeting high-centrality regulatory nodes and circuits of the nervous system, and eventually manifesting as a neurodegenerative CNS disease.In this report, we outline an alternative perspective on AD as a systems network disorder and discuss biochemical and genetic evidence suggesting the central role of chronic tissue injury/dyshomeostasis, innate immune reactivity, and inflammation in the etiopathobiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Kurakin
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dale E. Bredesen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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22
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Lim JR, Lee HJ, Jung YH, Kim JS, Chae CW, Kim SY, Han HJ. Ethanol-activated CaMKII signaling induces neuronal apoptosis through Drp1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission and JNK1-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:123. [PMID: 32787872 PMCID: PMC7422600 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurodegeneration is a representative phenotype of patients with chronic alcoholism. Ethanol-induced calcium overload causes NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation and an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics, closely associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. However, how calcium regulates this process in neuronal cells is poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the detailed mechanism of calcium-regulated mitochondrial dynamics and NLRP3 inflammasome formation in neuronal cells by ethanol. Methods In this study, we used the SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cell line. To confirm the expression level of the mRNA and protein, real time quantitative PCR and western blot were performed. Co-immunoprecipitation and Immunofluorescence staining were conducted to confirm the complex formation or interaction of the proteins. Flow cytometry was used to analyze intracellular calcium, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis. Results Ethanol increased cleaved caspase-3 levels and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation associated with neuronal apoptosis. In addition, ethanol increased protein kinase A (PKA) activation and cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, which increased N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) expression. Ethanol-increased NMDAR induced intracellular calcium overload and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation leading to phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase 1 (JNK1). Drp1 phosphorylation promoted Drp1 translocation to the mitochondria, resulting in excessive mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial ROS accumulation, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which was recovered by Drp1 inhibitor pretreatment. Ethanol-induced JNK1 phosphorylation activated the NLRP3 inflammasome that induced caspase-1 dependent mitophagy inhibition, thereby exacerbating ROS accumulation and causing cell death. Suppressing caspase-1 induced mitophagy and reversed the ethanol-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that ethanol upregulated NMDAR-dependent CaMKII phosphorylation which is essential for Drp1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission and the JNK1-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation resulting in neuronal apoptosis. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ryong Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yihl Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Cui M, Liang J, Xu D, Zhao L, Zhang X, Zhang L, Ren S, Liu D, Niu X, Zang YJ, Zhang B. NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in nerve recovery after sciatic nerve injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106492. [PMID: 32402947 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The activation of the inflammasome plays an important role in the central nervous system. However, only a few studies have investigated the effects of inflammasome activation in the peripheral nerve, especially in the sciatic nerve, and the mechanism of this activation remains elusive. Moreover, how interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is produced after sciatic nerve injury is also unknown. In our study, we aimed to investigate whether the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is activated after sciatic nerve injury and to explore its role in sciatic nerve injury. The results of immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy indicate that the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated after sciatic nerve injury in wild-type (WT) mice, as demonstrated by upregulated inflammasome-related components, e.g., NLRP3, procaspase-1 and ASC. Furthermore, upregulated inflammasome-related components cis-cleavage precursor IL-1β (proIL-1β) and precursor interleukin-18 (proIL-18) to IL-1β and IL-18, contributing to the inflammatory response. Consequently, the inflammatory response after sciatic nerve injury in NLRP3 knockout (NLRP3-KO) mice was less severe than that in WT mice. Moreover, NLRP3-KO mice exhibited an increased sciatic functional index (SFI), which was determined by footprint analysis, suggesting that NLRP3 deficiency is beneficial to sciatic nerve recovery after injury. Therefore, our results indicate that NLRP3 is involved in the recovery from sciatic nerve injury and mediates the production of inflammatory factors, such as IL-1β, after sciatic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Cui
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Lizhen Zhao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Shurong Ren
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Dongkai Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Xuanxuan Niu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Yun-Jin Zang
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, PR China.
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China.
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Focus on the Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124223. [PMID: 32545788 PMCID: PMC7352196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective reaction activated in response to detrimental stimuli, such as dead cells, irritants or pathogens, by the evolutionarily conserved immune system and is regulated by the host. The inflammasomes are recognized as innate immune system sensors and receptors that manage the activation of caspase-1 and stimulate inflammation response. They have been associated with several inflammatory disorders. The NLRP3 inflammasome is the most well characterized. It is so called because NLRP3 belongs to the family of nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs). Recent evidence has greatly improved our understanding of the mechanisms by which the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated. Additionally, increasing data in animal models, supported by human studies, strongly implicate the involvement of the inflammasome in the initiation or progression of disorders with a high impact on public health, such as metabolic pathologies (obesity, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis), cardiovascular diseases (ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease), inflammatory issues (liver diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, gut microbiome, rheumatoid arthritis) and neurologic disorders (Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurological disorders), compared to other molecular platforms. This review will provide a focus on the available knowledge about the NLRP3 inflammasome role in these pathologies and describe the balance between the activation of the harmful and beneficial inflammasome so that new therapies can be created for patients with these diseases.
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25
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Voet S, Srinivasan S, Lamkanfi M, van Loo G. Inflammasomes in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 11:emmm.201810248. [PMID: 31015277 PMCID: PMC6554670 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201810248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration often result from the aberrant deposition of aggregated host proteins, including amyloid‐β, α‐synuclein, and prions, that can activate inflammasomes. Inflammasomes function as intracellular sensors of both microbial pathogens and foreign as well as host‐derived danger signals. Upon activation, they induce an innate immune response by secreting the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18, and additionally by inducing pyroptosis, a lytic cell death mode that releases additional inflammatory mediators. Microglia are the prominent innate immune cells in the brain for inflammasome activation. However, additional CNS‐resident cell types including astrocytes and neurons, as well as infiltrating myeloid cells from the periphery, express and activate inflammasomes. In this review, we will discuss current understanding of the role of inflammasomes in common degenerative diseases of the brain and highlight inflammasome‐targeted strategies that may potentially treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Voet
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sahana Srinivasan
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium .,Janssen Immunosciences, World without Disease Accelerator, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Morris G, Puri BK, Maes M, Olive L, Berk M, Carvalho AF. The role of microglia in neuroprogressive disorders: mechanisms and possible neurotherapeutic effects of induced ketosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 99:109858. [PMID: 31923453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of molecular mechanisms involved in the promotion and maintenance of distinct microglia phenotypes is provided. The acquisition and perpetuation of predominantly pro-inflammatory microglial phenotypes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuroprogressive diseases and is associated with reduced ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation, increased ATP generation by glycolysis, elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress and other metabolic, inflammatory and hormonal insults. Microglia can also adopt a predominantly anti-inflammatory phenotypes with neuroprotective properties. Strategies that promote and maintain a predominantly anti-inflammatory phenotype may hold promise as novel therapeutic opportunities for neuroprogressive illness. Induced ketosis may promote a transition towards predominantly anti-inflammatory microglial states/phenotypes by several mechanisms, including inhibition of glycolysis and increased NAD+ production; engagement of microglial GPR109A receptors; histone deacetylase inhibition; and elevated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. Since microglia activation can now be assessed in vivo, these data provide a clear rationale for the design of transdiagnostic randomized controlled trials of the ketogenic diet and other ketosis-inducing strategies for neuroprogressive diseases, which may also provide mechanistic insights through the assessment of "target engagement".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Olive
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
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27
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Experimental Study Using Multiple Strains of Prion Disease in Cattle Reveals an Inverse Relationship between Incubation Time and Misfolded Prion Accumulation, Neuroinflammation, and Autophagy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1461-1473. [PMID: 32259521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteinopathies result from aberrant folding and accumulation of specific proteins. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge about the factors that influence disease progression, making this a key challenge for the development of therapies for proteinopathies. Because of the similarities between transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and other protein misfolding diseases, TSEs can be used to understand other proteinopathies. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a TSE that occurs in cattle and can be subdivided into three strains: classic BSE and atypical BSEs (H and L types) that have shorter incubation periods. The NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome is a critical component of the innate immune system that leads to release of IL-1β. Macroautophagy is an intracellular mechanism that plays an essential role in protein clearance. In this study, the retina was used as a model to investigate the relationship between disease incubation period, prion protein accumulation, neuroinflammation, and changes in macroautophagy. We demonstrate that atypical BSEs present with increased prion protein accumulation, neuroinflammation, and decreased autophagy. This work suggests a relationship between disease time course, neuroinflammation, and the autophagic stress response, and may help identify novel therapeutic biomarkers that can delay or prevent the progression of proteinopathies.
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28
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Shi Y, Wang H, Zheng M, Xu W, Yang Y, Shi F. Ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome activation through inhibition of its assembly. FASEB J 2019; 34:208-221. [PMID: 31914640 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901537r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3 is one of the main constituents of Panax ginseng. Compelling evidence has demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3 is capable of inhibiting inflammation. However, the mechanism mediating its anti-inflammatory effects remain unclear. Here we show that ginsenoside Rg3 blocks IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activation through inhibiting LPS priming and the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human and mouse macrophages. Rg3 specifically inhibits activation of NLRP3 but not the NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasomes. In addition, Rg3 has no effect on upstream regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, such as K+ efflux, ROS production, or mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, Rg3 abrogates NEK7-NLRP3 interaction, and subsequently inhibits NLRP3-ASC interaction, ASC oligomerization, and speckle formation. More importantly, Rg3 can reduce IL-1β secretion induced by LPS in mice and protect mice from lethal endotoxic shock. Thus, our findings reveal an anti-inflammatory mechanism for Rg3 and suggest its potential use in NLRP3-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Shi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Zheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fushan Shi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Hu T, Yu H, Lu M, Yuan X, Wu X, Qiu H, Chen J, Huang S. TLR4 and nucleolin influence cell injury, apoptosis and inflammatory factor expression in respiratory syncytial virus-infected N2a neuronal cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16206-16218. [PMID: 31081244 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was recently reported to be associated with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms and neurological complications; however, related studies are very limited. Moreover, the molecular mechanism underlying RSV neuropathogenesis is still unclear. Our previous study revealed that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nucleolin (C23) could be modulated and that they played a role during RSV infection in mouse neuronal-2a (N2a) cells. In the present study, the effects of silencing of TLR4 and C23 on RSV propagation and N2a cellular responses were examined by using RNA interference technology. Four N2a cell treatment groups were established, namely, a normal control group, RSV control group, TLR4 siRNA + RSV group, and C23 siRNA + RSV group. Expression changes in NeuN protein and colocalization of C23 and TLR4 with RSV F protein were assessed using confocal microscopy. Changes in TLR4 and C23 mRNA expression, TLR4, C23, TLR3, TLR7, and p-NF-κB protein expression, and interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) cytokine secretion was measured using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RSV titers and the apoptotic status of N2a cells were monitored using plaque formation assays and flow cytometry, respectively. The results indicated that TLR4 and C23 gene knockdown decreased the amount of F protein in RSV-infected N2a cells, inhibited RSV propagation, attenuated N2a neuronal injury, diminished cell apoptosis levels, downregulated TLR3 and TLR7 protein expression, and reduced inflammatory protein expression. Therefore, TLR4 and C23 knockdown influences cell injury, apoptosis and inflammatory protein expression in RSV-infected N2a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Laboratory, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Huan Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Shenghai Huang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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30
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Alishahi M, Farzaneh M, Ghaedrahmati F, Nejabatdoust A, Sarkaki A, Khoshnam SE. NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke: As possible therapeutic target. Int J Stroke 2019; 14:574-591. [PMID: 30940045 DOI: 10.1177/1747493019841242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a devastating pathophysiological process during stroke, a devastating disease that is the second most common cause of death worldwide. Activation of the NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP3)-infammasome has been proposed to mediate inflammatory responses during ischemic stroke. Briefly, NLRP3 inflammasome activates caspase-1, which cleaves both pro-IL-1 and pro-IL-18 into their active pro-inflammatory cytokines that are released into the extracellular environment. Several NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors have been promoted, including small molecules, type I interferon, micro RNAs, nitric oxide, and nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), some of which are potentially efficacious clinically. This review will describe the structure and cellular signaling pathways of the NLRP3 inflammasome during ischemic stroke, and current evidence for NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Alishahi
- 1 Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- 2 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- 3 Immunology Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Armin Nejabatdoust
- 4 Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- 5 Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- 5 Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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31
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Recent advances in the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its inhibitors. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:128. [PMID: 30755589 PMCID: PMC6372664 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 792] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that initiates an inflammatory form of cell death and triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Prion diseases, type 2 diabetes, and some infectious diseases. It has been found that a variety of stimuli including danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs, such as silica and uric acid crystals) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) can activate NLRP3 inflammasome, but the specific regulatory mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation remain unclear. Understanding the mechanisms of NLRP3 activation will enable the development of its specific inhibitors to treat NLRP3-related diseases. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation as well as inhibitors that specifically and directly target NLRP3.
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32
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Lee SW, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Truettner JS, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. The role of microglial inflammasome activation in pyroptotic cell death following penetrating traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:27. [PMID: 30736791 PMCID: PMC6367831 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury remains a significant cause of death and disability in the USA. Currently, there are no effective therapies to mitigate disability except for surgical interventions necessitating a need for continued research into uncovering novel therapeutic targets. In a recent study, we used a rodent model of penetrating traumatic brain injury known as penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI) to examine the role of innate immunity in post-traumatic secondary injury mechanisms. We previously reported that the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex composed of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing card and caspase-1, plays a role in secondary cell death mechanisms after PBBI, including inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). METHODS In the current study, we used flow cytometry analysis to evaluate activated microglia and CD11b-positive leukocytes after PBBI and assessed inflammasome activation and pyroptosis of specific cellular populations. Sprague-Dawley male rats underwent PBBI or sham-operated procedures and ipsilateral cortical regions processed for flow cytometry and cellular analysis. Flow cytometry results were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons. RESULTS At 48 h following PBBI, there was an increase in activated microglia and infiltrating leukocytes compared to sham controls that were associated with increased caspase-1 activity. Using a florescent probe to identify caspase-1 activity and a fluorescent assay to determine cell viability, evidence for pyroptosis in CD11b+ cells was also determined. Finally, while post-traumatic treatment with an anti-ASC antibody had no effect on the number of activated microglia and infiltrating leukocytes, antibody treatment decreased caspase-1 activity in both resident microglia and infiltrating leukocytes and reduced pyroptotic CD11b+ cell death. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for inflammasome activation in microglia and infiltrating leukocytes after penetrating traumatic brain injury and a role for pyroptotic cell death in the pathophysiology. In addition to inhibiting neuronal cell death, therapeutic treatments targeting inflammasome activation may also provide beneficial effects by reducing the potentially detrimental consequences of activated microglia and infiltrating CD11b+ leukocytes following penetrating traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W. Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida USA
| | - Jessie S. Truettner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida USA
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida USA
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida USA
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An introduction to innate immunity in the central nervous system. ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Conti P, D'Ovidio C, Conti C, Gallenga CE, Lauritano D, Caraffa A, Kritas SK, Ronconi G. Progression in migraine: Role of mast cells and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 844:87-94. [PMID: 30529470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a common painful neurovascular disorder usually associated with several symptoms, such as photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, vomiting and inflammation, and involves immune cells. Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells derived from hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells which migrate and mature close to epithelial, blood vessels, and nerves. In almost all vascularized tissues there are MCs that produce, contain and release biologically active products including cytokines, arachidonic acid compounds, and proteases. In addition, MCs participate in innate and adaptive immune responses. Innate responses in the central nervous system (CNS) occur during neuroinflammatory phenomena, including migraine. Antigens found in the environment have a crucial role in inflammatory response, causing a broad range of diseases including migraine. They can be recognized by several innate immune cells, such as macrophages, microglia, dendritic cells and MCs, which can be activated trough Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. MCs reside close to primary nociceptive neurons, associate with nerves, and are capable of triggering local inflammation. MCs are involved in the pathophysiology of various tissues and organs, especially where there is an increase of angiogenesis. Activated MCs release preformed mediators include histamine, heparin, proteases (tryptase, chimase), hydrolases, cathepsin, carboxypeptidases, and peroxidase, and they also generate pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. In addition, activated macrophages, microglia and MCs in the CNS release pro-inflammatory cytokines which provoke an increase of arachidonic acid product levels and lead to migraine and other neurological manifestations including fatigue, nausea, headaches and brain fog. Innate immunity and pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1 cytokine family members can be inhibited by IL-37, a relatively new member of the IL-1 family. In this article, we report that some pro-inflammatory cytokines inducing migraine may be inhibited by IL-37, a natural suppressor of inflammation, and innate and acquired immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pio Conti
- Immunology Division, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Cristian D'Ovidio
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
| | - Chiara Conti
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Carla Enrica Gallenga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialist Surgery, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Dorina Lauritano
- University of Milan-Bicocca, Medicine and Surgery Department, Centre of Neuroscience of Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Spiros K Kritas
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Gianpaolo Ronconi
- UOS Clinica dei Pazienti del Territorio, Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
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Elongator mutation in mice induces neurodegeneration and ataxia-like behavior. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3195. [PMID: 30097576 PMCID: PMC6086839 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias are severe neurodegenerative disorders with an early onset and progressive and inexorable course of the disease. Here, we report a single point mutation in the gene encoding Elongator complex subunit 6 causing Purkinje neuron degeneration and an ataxia-like phenotype in the mutant wobbly mouse. This mutation destabilizes the complex and compromises its function in translation regulation, leading to protein misfolding, proteotoxic stress, and eventual neuronal death. In addition, we show that substantial microgliosis is triggered by the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in the cerebellum and that blocking NLRP3 function in vivo significantly delays neuronal degeneration and the onset of ataxia in mutant animals. Our data provide a mechanistic insight into the pathophysiology of a cerebellar ataxia caused by an Elongator mutation, substantiating the increasing body of evidence that alterations of this complex are broadly implicated in the onset of a number of diverse neurological disorders. Elp6 is a component of the Elongator complex that regulates tRNAs and translation. Here the authors identify a mutation in the Elp6 gene that contributes to the cerebellar ataxia-like phenotype in a mutant mouse.
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Inflammatory response of microglia to prions is controlled by sialylation of PrP Sc. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11326. [PMID: 30054538 PMCID: PMC6063910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is recognized as one of the obligatory pathogenic features of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or prion diseases. In prion diseases, space and time correlations between deposition of disease-associated, pathogenic form of the prion protein or PrPSc and microglial-mediated neuroinflammation has been established. Yet, it remains unclear whether activation of microglia is triggered directly by a contact with PrPSc, and what molecular features of PrPSc microglia sense and respond to that drive microglia to inflammatory states. The current study asked the questions whether PrPSc can directly trigger activation of microglia and whether the degree of microglia response depends on the nature of terminal carbohydrate groups on the surface of PrPSc particles. PrPSc was purified from brains of mice infected with mouse-adapted prion strain 22L or neuroblastoma N2a cells stably infected with 22L. BV2 microglial cells or primary microglia were cultured in the presence of purified 22L. We found that exposure of BV2 cells or primary microglia to purified PrPSc triggered proinflammatory responses characterized by an increase in the levels of TNFα, IL6, nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS). Very similar patterns of inflammatory response were induced by PrPSc purified from mouse brains and neuroblastoma cells arguing that microglia response is independent of the source of PrPSc. To test whether the microglial response is mediated by carbohydrate epitopes on PrPSc surface, the levels of sialylation of PrPSc N-linked glycans was altered by treatment of purified PrPSc with neuraminidase. Partial cleavage of sialic acid residues was found to boost the inflammatory response of microglia to PrPSc. Moreover, transient degradation of Iκβα observed upon treatment with partially desialylated PrPSc suggests that canonical NFκB activation pathway is involved in inflammatory response. The current study is the first to demonstrate that PrPSc can directly trigger inflammatory response in microglia. In addition, this work provides direct evidence that the chemical nature of the carbohydrate groups on PrPSc surface is important for microglial activation.
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Lai M, Yao H, Shah SZA, Wu W, Wang D, Zhao Y, Wang L, Zhou X, Zhao D, Yang L. The NLRP3-Caspase 1 Inflammasome Negatively Regulates Autophagy via TLR4-TRIF in Prion Peptide-Infected Microglia. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:116. [PMID: 29720937 PMCID: PMC5915529 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of misfolded prion protein, spongiform changes in the brain, and brain inflammation as a result of the wide-spread activation of microglia. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process for the clearance of cytoplasmic components, including protein aggregates and damaged organelles; this process also eliminates pathological PrPSc as it accumulates during prion infection. The NALP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that is a component of the innate immune system and is responsible for the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our previous study showed that the neurotoxic prion peptide PrP106-126 induces NALP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β release in microglia. Autophagy is involved in the regulation of the immune responses and inflammation in many diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship between autophagy and NALP3 inflammasome in prion diseases has not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that the processing and release of mature IL-1β is significantly enhanced by the inhibition of autophagy. Conversely, gene-silencing of the NALP3 inflammasome promotes autophagy. Suppression of TRIF or TLR4 by siRNA attenuated PrP106-126-induced autophagy, which is indicating that the TLR4-TRIF signaling pathway is involved in PrP106-26-induced autophagy. Caspase 1 directly cleaved TRIF to diminish TLR-4-TRIF mediated autophagy. Our findings suggest that the inhibition of autophagy by NALP3 inflammasome is probably mediated by activated Caspase-1-induced TRIF cleavage. This is the first study reporting that the NALP3 inflammasome complex negatively regulates autophagy in response to PrP106-126 stimulation in microglia, and partly explains the mechanism of autophagy inhibition by Caspase-1 in PrP106-126-induced BV2 cell activation. Our findings suggest that autophagy up-regulation and inhibition of Caspase-1 may protect against prion-induced neuroinflammation and accelerate misfolded protein degradation and are potential therapeutic approaches for prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Lai
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Inflammasome Activation by Methamphetamine Potentiates Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation of IL-1β Production in Microglia. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 13:237-253. [PMID: 29492824 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) is an addictive psychostimulant abused worldwide. Ample evidence indicate that chronic abuse of Meth induces neurotoxicity via microglia-associated neuroinflammation and the activated microglia present in both Meth-administered animals and human abusers. The development of anti-neuroinflammation as a therapeutic strategy against Meth dependence promotes research to identify inflammatory pathways that are specifically tied to Meth-induced neurotoxicity. Currently, the exact mechanisms for Meth-induced microglia activation are largely unknown. NLRP3 is a well-studied cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR), which promotes the assembly of the inflammasome in response to the danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). It is our hypothesis that Meth activates NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and promotes the processing and release of interleukin (IL)-1β, resulting in neurotoxic activity. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of Meth on IL-1β maturation and release from rat cortical microglial cultures. Incubation of microglia with physiologically relevant concentrations of Meth after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) priming produced an enhancement on IL-1β maturation and release. Meth treatment potentiated aggregation of inflammasome adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), induced activation of the IL-1β converting enzyme caspase-1 and produced lysosomal and mitochondrial impairment. Blockade of capase-1 activity, lysosomal cathepsin B activity or mitochondrial ROS production by their specific inhibitors reversed the effects of Meth, demonstrating an involvement of inflammasome in Meth-induced microglia activation. Taken together, our results suggest that Meth triggers microglial inflammasome activation in a manner dependent on both mitochondrial and lysosomal danger-signaling pathways.
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Xu E, Liu J, Wang X, Xiong H. Inflammasome in drug abuse. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 9:165-177. [PMID: 29348793 PMCID: PMC5770513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug abuse disorders refer to a set of related negative health implications associated with compulsive drug seeking and use. Because almost all addictive drugs act on the brain, many of them cause neurological impairments after long-term abuse. Neuropathological studies have revealed a widespread impairment of the cellular elements. As the key components to limit the damage of neural cells, CNS immune system is also found affected by these drugs, directly or indirectly. It has been shown that drugs of abuse alter neuroimmune gene expression and signaling. Growing studies on neuroimmune factors further demonstrate their indispensable role in drugs-induced neurotoxicity. As an important proinflammatory intracellular receptor, inflammasome is activated in many neurodegenerative diseases in response to a broad range of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) signals. In the cases of drug abuse, especially in those with comorbid of HIV infection and sustained pain, inflammasome activation significantly promotes the neuroinflammation-associated toxicities. To understand inflammasome in drug-associated neurotoxic activity, we reviewed the role played by inflammasome in drug abuse-induced microglial neurotoxicity and evaluated the potential of imflammasone as a therapeutic target for drug abuse disorders based on recent development of various selective small-molecular inflammasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enquan Xu
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Jianuo Liu
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Huangui Xiong
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
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Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by deposition of scrapie prion protein (PrPSc) in the CNS. This deposition is accompanied by neuronal loss, spongiform change, astrogliosis, and conspicuous microglial activation. Here, we argue that microglia play an overall neuroprotective role in prion pathogenesis. Several microglia-related molecules, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the complement system, cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory regulators, and phagocytosis mediators, are involved in prion pathogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the microglial response to prion infection are largely unknown. Consequently, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory network of microglial activation. On the positive side, recent findings suggest that therapeutic strategies modulating microglial activation and function may have merit in prion disease. Moreover, studies on the role of microglia in prion disease could deepen our understanding of neuroinflammation in a broad range of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Obst J, Simon E, Mancuso R, Gomez-Nicola D. The Role of Microglia in Prion Diseases: A Paradigm of Functional Diversity. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:207. [PMID: 28690540 PMCID: PMC5481309 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a major component of neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia are the innate immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). In the healthy brain, microglia contribute to tissue homeostasis and regulation of synaptic plasticity. Under disease conditions, they play a key role in the development and maintenance of the neuroinflammatory response, by showing enhanced proliferation and activation. Prion diseases are progressive chronic neurodegenerative disorders associated with the accumulation of the scrapie prion protein PrPSc, a misfolded conformer of the cellular prion protein PrPC. This review article provides the current knowledge on the role of microglia in the pathogenesis of prion disease. A large body of evidence shows that microglia can trigger neurotoxic pathways contributing to progressive degeneration. Yet, microglia are also crucial for controlling inflammatory, repair and regenerative processes. This dual role of microglia is regulated by multiple pathways and evidences the ability of these cells to polarize into distinct phenotypes with characteristic functions. The awareness that the neuroinflammatory response is inextricably involved in producing tissue damage as well as repair in neurodegenerative disorders, opens new perspectives for the modulation of the immune system. A better understanding of this complex process will be essential for developing effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, in order to improve the quality of life of patients and mitigating the personal, economic and social consequences derived from these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Obst
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Simon
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, United Kingdom
| | - Renzo Mancuso
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Gomez-Nicola
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, United Kingdom
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Wang D, Zhang J, Jiang W, Cao Z, Zhao F, Cai T, Aschner M, Luo W. The role of NLRP3-CASP1 in inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and autophagy dysfunction in manganese-induced, hippocampal-dependent impairment of learning and memory ability. Autophagy 2017; 13:914-927. [PMID: 28318352 PMCID: PMC5446056 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1293766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and autophagy dysfunction are known to be involved in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Manganese (Mn), a neurotoxic metal, has the potential to induce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation as well as autophagy dysfunction. NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3)- CASP1 (caspase 1) inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation in microglia has specific relevance to neurological diseases. However, the mechanism driving these phenomena remains poorly understood. We demonstrate that Mn activates the NLRP3-CASP1 inflammasome pathway in the hippocampus of mice and BV2 cells by triggering autophagy-lysosomal dysfunction. The autophagy-lysosomal dysfunction is induced by lysosomal damage caused by excessive Mn accumulation, damaging the structure and normal function of these organelles. Additionally, we show that the release of lysosomal CTSB (cathepsin B) plays an important role in Mn-induced NLRP3-CASP1 inflammasome activation, and that the increased autophagosomes in the cytoplasm are not the main cause of NLRP3-CASP1 inflammasome activation. The accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL1B (interleukin 1 β) and IL18 (interleukin 18), as well as the dysfunctional autophagy pathway may damage hippocampal neuronal cells, thus leading to hippocampal-dependent impairment in learning and memory, which is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zipeng Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tongjian Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Ragagnin A, Ezpeleta J, Guillemain A, Boudet-Devaud F, Haeberlé AM, Demais V, Vidal C, Demuth S, Béringue V, Kellermann O, Schneider B, Grant NJ, Bailly Y. Cerebellar compartmentation of prion pathogenesis. Brain Pathol 2017; 28:240-263. [PMID: 28268246 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In prion diseases, the brain lesion profile is influenced by the prion "strain" properties, the invasion route to the brain, and still unknown host cell-specific parameters. To gain insight into those endogenous factors, we analyzed the histopathological alterations induced by distinct prion strains in the mouse cerebellum. We show that 22L and ME7 scrapie prion proteins (PrP22L , PrPME7 ), but not bovine spongiform encephalopathy PrP6PB1 , accumulate in a reproducible parasagittal banding pattern in the cerebellar cortex of infected mice. Such banding pattern of PrP22L aggregation did not depend on the neuroinvasion route, but coincided with the parasagittal compartmentation of the cerebellum mostly defined by the expression of zebrins, such as aldolase C and the excitatory amino acid transporter 4, in Purkinje cells. We provide evidence that Purkinje cells display a differential, subtype-specific vulnerability to 22L prions with zebrin-expressing Purkinje cells being more resistant to prion toxicity, while in stripes where PrP22L accumulated most zebrin-deficient Purkinje cells are lost and spongiosis accentuated. In addition, in PrP22L stripes, enhanced reactive astrocyte processes associated with microglia activation support interdependent events between the topographic pattern of Purkinje cell death, reactive gliosis and PrP22L accumulation. Finally, we find that in preclinically-ill mice prion infection promotes at the membrane of astrocytes enveloping Purkinje cell excitatory synapses, upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α receptor type 1 (TNFR1), a key mediator of the neuroinflammation process. These overall data show that Purkinje cell sensitivity to prion insult is locally restricted by the parasagittal compartmentation of the cerebellum, and that perisynaptic astrocytes may contribute to prion pathogenesis through prion-induced TNFR1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Ragagnin
- Cytologie et Cytopathologie Neuronales, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires & Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Juliette Ezpeleta
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Cellules Souches, Signalisation et Prions, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Guillemain
- Cytologie et Cytopathologie Neuronales, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires & Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - François Boudet-Devaud
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Cellules Souches, Signalisation et Prions, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Haeberlé
- Cytologie et Cytopathologie Neuronales, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires & Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Demais
- Plateforme Imagerie In Vitro, CNRS UPS-3156, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Stanislas Demuth
- Cytologie et Cytopathologie Neuronales, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires & Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Odile Kellermann
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Cellules Souches, Signalisation et Prions, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Schneider
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Cellules Souches, Signalisation et Prions, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nancy J Grant
- Cytologie et Cytopathologie Neuronales, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires & Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick Bailly
- Cytologie et Cytopathologie Neuronales, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires & Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
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Alcocer-Gómez E, Castejón-Vega B, Cordero MD. Stress-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 108:127-162. [PMID: 28427559 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a complex event that induces disturbances to physiological and psychological homeostasis, and it may have a detrimental impact on certain brain and physiological functions. In the last years, a dual role of the stress effect has been studied in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which can induce physiological symptoms after psychological stress exposition and vice versa. In this sense, inflammation has been proposed as an important starring. And in the same line, the inflammasome complex has emerged to give responses because of its role of stress sensor. The implication of the same complex, NLRP3 inflammasome, in different diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and metabolic diseases opens a door to develop new therapeutic perspectives.
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Song L, Pei L, Yao S, Wu Y, Shang Y. NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neurological Diseases, from Functions to Therapies. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:63. [PMID: 28337127 PMCID: PMC5343070 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been identified as a causative factor of multiple neurological diseases. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a subcellular multiprotein complex that is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), can sense and be activated by a wide range of exogenous and endogenous stimuli such as microbes, aggregated and misfolded proteins, and adenosine triphosphate, which results in activation of caspase-1. Activated caspase-1 subsequently leads to the processing of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediates rapid cell death. IL-1β and IL-18 drive inflammatory responses through diverse downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal damage. Thus, the NLRP3 inflammasome is considered a key contributor to the development of neuroinflammation. In this review article, we briefly discuss the structure and activation the NLRP3 inflammasome and address the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in several neurological disorders, such as brain infection, acute brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we review a series of promising therapeutic approaches that target the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling including anti-IL-1 therapy, small molecule NLRP3 inhibitors and other compounds, however, these approaches are still experimental in neurological diseases. At present, it is plausible to generate cell-specific conditional NLRP3 knockout (KO) mice via the Cre system to investigate the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which may be instrumental in the development of novel pharmacologic investigations for neuroinflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Pei
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
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Lloyd-Evans E, Haslett LJ. The lysosomal storage disease continuum with ageing-related neurodegenerative disease. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:104-121. [PMID: 27516378 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases and diseases of ageing share many features both at the physiological level and with respect to the mechanisms that underlie disease pathogenesis. Although the exact pathophysiology is not exactly the same, it is astounding how many similar pathways are altered in all of these diseases. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the shared disease mechanisms, outlining the similarities and differences and how genetics, insight into rare diseases and functional research has changed our perspective on the causes underlying common diseases of ageing. The lysosome should no longer be considered as just the stomach of the cell or as a suicide bag, it has an emerging role in cellular signalling, nutrient sensing and recycling. The lysosome is of fundamental importance in the pathophysiology of diseases of ageing and by comparing against the LSDs we not only identify common pathways but also therapeutic targets so that ultimately more effective treatments can be developed for all neurodegenerative diseases.
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Lénárt N, Brough D, Dénes Á. Inflammasomes link vascular disease with neuroinflammation and brain disorders. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1668-1685. [PMID: 27486046 PMCID: PMC5076791 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16662043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of inflammation in neurological disorders is increasingly recognised. Inflammatory processes are associated with the aetiology and clinical progression of migraine, psychiatric conditions, epilepsy, cerebrovascular diseases, dementia and neurodegeneration, such as seen in Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Both central and systemic inflammatory actions have been linked with the development of brain diseases, suggesting that complex neuro-immune interactions could contribute to pathological changes in the brain across multiple temporal and spatial scales. However, the mechanisms through which inflammation impacts on neurological disease are improperly defined. To develop effective therapeutic approaches, it is imperative to understand how detrimental inflammatory processes could be blocked selectively, or controlled for prolonged periods, without compromising essential immune defence mechanisms. Increasing evidence indicates that common risk factors for brain disorders, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, obesity or infection involve the activation of NLRP3, NLRP1, NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasomes, which are also associated with various neurological diseases. This review focuses on the mechanisms whereby inflammasomes, which integrate diverse inflammatory signals in response to pathogen-driven stimuli, tissue injury or metabolic alterations in multiple cell types and different organs of the body, could functionally link vascular- and neurological diseases and hence represent a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Lénárt
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Brough
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Kim J, Park J, Eisenhut M, Yu J, Shin J. Inflammasome activation by cell volume regulation and inflammation-associated hyponatremia: A vicious cycle. Med Hypotheses 2016; 93:117-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant R Mulay
- From Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- From Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Burm SM, Peferoen LAN, Zuiderwijk-Sick EA, Haanstra KG, 't Hart BA, van der Valk P, Amor S, Bauer J, Bajramovic JJ. Expression of IL-1β in rhesus EAE and MS lesions is mainly induced in the CNS itself. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:138. [PMID: 27266875 PMCID: PMC4895983 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)-1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for MS. Yet, detailed studies on IL-1β expression in different stages of MS lesion development and a comparison of IL-1β expression in MS and EAE are lacking. Methods Here, we performed an extensive characterization of IL-1β expression in brain tissue of MS patients, which included different MS lesion types, and in brain tissue of rhesus macaques with EAE. Results In rhesus EAE brain tissue, we observed prominent IL-1β staining in MHC class II+ cells within perivascular infiltrates and at the edges of large demyelinating lesions. Surprisingly, staining was localized to resident microglia or differentiated macrophages rather than to infiltrating monocytes, suggesting that IL-1β expression is induced within the central nervous system (CNS). By contrast, IL-1β staining in MS brain tissue was much less pronounced. Staining was found in the parenchyma of active and chronic active MS lesions and in nodules of MHC class II+ microglia in otherwise normal appearing white matter. IL-1β expression was detected in a minority of the nodules only, which could not be distinguished by the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. These nodules were exclusively found in MS, and it remains to be determined whether IL-1β+ nodules are destined to progress into active lesions or whether they merely reflect a transient response to cellular stress. Conclusions Although the exact localization and relative intensity of IL-1β expression in EAE and MS is different, the staining pattern in both neuroinflammatory disorders is most consistent with the idea that the expression of IL-1β during lesion development is induced in the tissue rather than in the periphery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0605-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Maria Burm
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ella Alwine Zuiderwijk-Sick
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Krista Geraldine Haanstra
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Adriaan 't Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van der Valk
- Department of Pathology, VU Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, VU Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Bauer
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeffrey John Bajramovic
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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