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Wang H, Li K, Cui B, Yan H, Wu S, Wang K, Yang G, Jiang J, Li Y. Tribbles pseudokinase 3 promotes enterovirus A71 infection via dual mechanisms. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2307514. [PMID: 38240287 PMCID: PMC10829831 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2307514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is the main pathogen causing hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children and occasionally associated with neurological diseases such as aseptic meningitis, brainstem encephalitis (BE) and acute flaccid paralysis. We report here that cellular pseudokinase tribbles 3 (TRIB3) facilitates the infection of EV-A71 via dual mechanisms. In one hand, TRIB3 maintains the metabolic stability of scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2), the bona fide receptor of EV-A71, to enhance the infectious entry and spreading of the virus. On the other hand, TRIB3 facilitates the replication of EV-A71 RNA in a SCARB2-independent manner. The critical role of TRIB3 in EV-A71 infection and pathogenesis was further demonstrated in vivo in mice. In comparison to wild-type C57BL/6 mice, EV-A71 infection in TRIB3 knockdown mice (Trib3+/-) resulted in significantly lower viral loads in muscular tissues and reduced lethality and severity of clinical scores and tissue pathology. In addition, TRIB3 also promoted the replication of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) in vitro. In conclusion, our results suggest that TRIB3 is one of key host cellular proteins required for the infection and pathogenesis of EV-A71 and some other human enteroviruses and may thus be a potential therapeutic target for combating the infection of those viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boming Cui
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Yang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Shrestha B, Yang S, Griffith L, Ma J, Wang F, Liu H, Zhao Q, Du Y, Zhang J, Chang J, Guo JT. Discovery of hepatitis B virus subviral particle biogenesis inhibitors from a bioactive compound library. Antiviral Res 2024; 228:105955. [PMID: 38964614 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
High levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) in the blood of chronic HBV carriers are considered to drive the exhaustion of antigen-specific T and B lymphocytes and thus responsible for the persistence of infection. Accordingly, therapeutic elimination of HBsAg may facilitate the activation of adaptive antiviral immune responses against HBV and achieve a functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. We discovered recently that an amphipathic alpha helix spanning W156 to R169 of HBV small envelope (S) protein plays an essential role in the morphogenesis of subviral particles (SVPs) and metabolism of S protein. We thus hypothesized that pharmacological disruption of SVP morphogenesis may induce intracellular degradation of S protein and reduce HBsAg secretion. To identify inhibitors of SVP biogenesis, we screened 4417 bioactive compounds with a HepG2-derived cell line expressing HBV S protein and efficiently secreting small spherical SVPs. The screen identified 24 compounds that reduced intracellular SVPs and secreted HBsAg in a concentration-dependent manner. However, 18 of those compounds inhibited the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg in HBV replicon transfected HepG2 cells at similar efficiency, suggesting each of those compounds may disrupt a common cellular function required for the synthesis and/or secretion of these viral proteins. Interestingly, lycorine more efficiently inhibited the secretion of HBsAg in HepG2 cells transfected with HBV replicons, HepG2.2.15 cells and HBV infected - HepG2 cells expressing sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). The structure activity relationship and antiviral mechanism of lycorine against HBV have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sisi Yang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Julia Ma
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Fuxuan Wang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Yanming Du
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, USA.
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3
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Agrawal T, Siddqui G, Dahiya R, Patidar A, Madan U, Das S, Asthana S, Samal S, Awasthi A. Inhibition of early RNA replication in Chikungunya and Dengue virus by lycorine: In vitro and in silico studies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 730:150393. [PMID: 39003865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Arboviruses such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) collectively afflict millions of individuals worldwide particularly in endemic countries like India, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. With the lack of effective vaccines for both CHIKV and DENV in India, the search for antiviral compounds becomes paramount to control these viral infections. In line with this, our investigation was focused on screening natural compounds for their potential antiviral activity against CHIKV and DENV. Using different assays, including plaque assay, immunofluorescence, and reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), out of 109 natural compounds tested, we confirmed lycorine's in vitro antiviral activity against CHIKV and DENV at low micromolar concentrations in different cell types. Time of addition assays indicated that lycorine does not impede viral entry. Additionally, qRT-PCR results along with time of addition assay suggested that lycorine interferes with the synthesis of negative strand viral RNA. Molecular docking analysis was done to understand the mode of inhibition of viral replication. The results revealed that the most likely binding site with the highest binding affinity of lycorine, was at the palm and finger domains, in the vicinity of the catalytic site of CHIKV and DENV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Collectively, our data underscores the potential of lycorine to be developed as a direct acting inhibitor for DENV and CHIKV, addressing the critical need of requirement of an antiviral in regions where these viruses pose significant public health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Agrawal
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India; Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India.
| | - Gazala Siddqui
- Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Ridhima Dahiya
- Computational Biophysics and CADD Group, Computational and Mathematical Biology Centre (CMBC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Aanchal Patidar
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Upasna Madan
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Supratik Das
- Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Computational Biophysics and CADD Group, Computational and Mathematical Biology Centre (CMBC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India.
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4
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Jayawardena TU, Merindol N, Liyanage NS, Desgagné-Penix I. Unveiling Amaryllidaceae alkaloids: from biosynthesis to antiviral potential - a review. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:721-747. [PMID: 38131392 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00044c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2017 to 2023 (now)Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AAs) are a unique class of specialized metabolites containing heterocyclic nitrogen bridging that play a distinct role in higher plants. Irrespective of their diverse structures, most AAs are biosynthesized via intramolecular oxidative coupling. The complex organization of biosynthetic pathways is constantly enlightened by new insights owing to the advancement of natural product chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, biochemistry, systems and synthetic biology tools and applications. These promote novel compound identification, trace-level metabolite quantification, synthesis, and characterization of enzymes engaged in AA catalysis, enabling the recognition of biosynthetic pathways. A complete understanding of the pathway benefits biotechnological applications in the long run. This review emphasizes the structural diversity of the AA specialized metabolites involved in biogenesis although the process is not entirely defined yet. Moreover, this work underscores the pivotal role of synthetic and enantioselective studies in justifying biosynthetic conclusions. Their prospective candidacy as lead constituents for antiviral drug discovery has also been established. However, a complete understanding of the pathway requires further interdisciplinary efforts in which antiviral studies address the structure-activity relationship. This review presents current knowledge on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilina U Jayawardena
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, G8Z 4M3, Canada.
| | - Natacha Merindol
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, G8Z 4M3, Canada.
| | - Nuwan Sameera Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, G8Z 4M3, Canada.
| | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, G8Z 4M3, Canada.
- Plant Biology Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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5
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Abdelkhalek AF, Kayed A, Moatasim Y, El Sayes M, El-Shesheny R, Khalil AA, El-Deeb A, Hussein HA, El-Sanousi AA, Kayali G, Ali MA, Kandeil A. Efficiency of natural oils as alternative adjuvants to mineral oils in inactivated avian influenza vaccine formulation. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:28-33. [PMID: 38038674 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2290557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
1. The effectiveness of inactivated vaccines depends on selecting the suitable adjuvant for vaccine formulation. The potency of vaccines with low antigen content can be improved with the appropriate adjuvant. This could allow production of more doses and lower the production cost.2. This study evaluated the efficiency of vaccines prepared using oil extracted from natural sources including argan oil, almond oil, sesame seed oil, pumpkin oil, cactus oil and black seed oil as alternative adjuvants for improving the protection capacity of inactivated influenza virus vaccine as compared to commonly used mineral oils.3. Each vaccine formulation was evaluated for stability, safety and immunogenicity in chickens, as well as for reducing the viral shedding after challenge infection.4. The cactus, sesame and pumpkin seed oil-based vaccines were found to be potent and successfully induced the production of humoral immunity in vaccinated chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Abdelkhalek
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A Kayed
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Y Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - M El Sayes
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - R El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - A A Khalil
- Agricultural Research Center, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A El-Deeb
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - H A Hussein
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A A El-Sanousi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - G Kayali
- Human Link, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M A Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - A Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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6
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Di Sotto A, Valipour M, Azari A, Di Giacomo S, Irannejad H. Benzoindolizidine Alkaloids Tylophorine and Lycorine and Their Analogues with Antiviral, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Properties: Promises and Challenges. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2619. [PMID: 37892993 PMCID: PMC10603990 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing viral research, essential for public health due to evolving viruses, gains significance owing to emerging viral infections such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Marine and plant alkaloids show promise as novel potential pharmacological strategies. In this narrative review, we elucidated the potential of tylophorine and lycorine, two naturally occurring plant-derived alkaloids with a shared benzoindolizidine scaffold, as antiviral agents to be potentially harnessed against respiratory viral infections. Possible structure-activity relationships have also been highlighted. The substances and their derivatives were found to be endowed with powerful and broad-spectrum antiviral properties; moreover, they were able to counteract inflammation, which often underpins the complications of viral diseases. At last, their anticancer properties hold promise not only for advancing cancer research but also for mitigating the oncogenic effects of viruses. This evidence suggests that tylophorine and lycorine could effectively counteract the pathogenesis of respiratory viral disease and its harmful effects. Although common issues about the pharmacologic development of natural substances remain to be addressed, the collected evidence highlights a possible interest in tylophorine and lycorine as antiviral and/or adjuvant strategies and encourages future more in-depth pre-clinical and clinical investigations to overcome their drawbacks and harness their power for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mehdi Valipour
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Aala Azari
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48471-93698, Iran;
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Alkafaas SS, Abdallah AM, Hussien AM, Bedair H, Abdo M, Ghosh S, Elkafas SS, Apollon W, Saki M, Loutfy SA, Onyeaka H, Hessien M. A study on the effect of natural products against the transmission of B.1.1.529 Omicron. Virol J 2023; 20:191. [PMID: 37626376 PMCID: PMC10464336 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic resulted in a successful vaccination program launched by the World Health Organization. However, a large population is still unvaccinated, leading to the emergence of mutated strains like alpha, beta, delta, and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Recent reports from the World Health Organization raised concerns about the Omicron variant, which emerged in South Africa during a surge in COVID-19 cases in November 2021. Vaccines are not proven completely effective or safe against Omicron, leading to clinical trials for combating infection by the mutated virus. The absence of suitable pharmaceuticals has led scientists and clinicians to search for alternative and supplementary therapies, including dietary patterns, to reduce the effect of mutated strains. MAIN BODY This review analyzed Coronavirus aetiology, epidemiology, and natural products for combating Omicron. Although the literature search did not include keywords related to in silico or computational research, in silico investigations were emphasized in this study. Molecular docking was implemented to compare the interaction between natural products and Chloroquine with the ACE2 receptor protein amino acid residues of Omicron. The global Omicron infection proceeding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was also elucidated. The docking results suggest that DGCG may bind to the ACE2 receptor three times more effectively than standard chloroquine. CONCLUSION The emergence of the Omicron variant has highlighted the need for alternative therapies to reduce the impact of mutated strains. The current review suggests that natural products such as DGCG may be effective in binding to the ACE2 receptor and combating the Omicron variant, however, further research is required to validate the results of this study and explore the potential of natural products to mitigate COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Abanoub Mosaad Abdallah
- Narcotic Research Department, National Center for Social and Criminological Research (NCSCR), Giza, 11561, Egypt
| | - Aya Misbah Hussien
- Biotechnology Department at Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba Bedair
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdo
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa.
| | - Sara Samy Elkafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Wilgince Apollon
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco Villa S/N, Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, 66050, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samah A Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center, British University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Mohamed Hessien
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Saul S, Karim M, Ghita L, Huang PT, Chiu W, Durán V, Lo CW, Kumar S, Bhalla N, Leyssen P, Alem F, Boghdeh NA, Tran DH, Cohen CA, Brown JA, Huie KE, Tindle C, Sibai M, Ye C, Khalil AM, Martinez-Sobrido L, Dye JM, Pinsky BA, Ghosh P, Das S, Solow-Cordero DE, Jin J, Wikswo JP, Jochmans D, Neyts J, Jonghe SD, Narayanan A, Einav S. Anticancer pan-ErbB inhibitors reduce inflammation and tissue injury and exert broad-spectrum antiviral effects. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2021.05.15.444128. [PMID: 34159337 PMCID: PMC8219101 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.15.444128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeting host factors exploited by multiple viruses could offer broad-spectrum solutions for pandemic preparedness. Seventeen candidates targeting diverse functions emerged in a screen of 4,413 compounds for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. We demonstrated that lapatinib and other approved inhibitors of the ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases suppress replication of SARS-CoV-2, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), and other emerging viruses with a high barrier to resistance. Lapatinib suppressed SARS-CoV-2 entry and later stages of the viral life cycle and showed synergistic effect with the direct-acting antiviral nirmatrelvir. We discovered that ErbB1, 2 and 4 bind SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein and regulate viral and ACE2 internalization, and they are required for VEEV infection. In human lung organoids, lapatinib protected from SARS-CoV-2-induced activation of ErbB-regulated pathways implicated in non-infectious lung injury, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and epithelial barrier injury. Lapatinib suppressed VEEV replication, cytokine production and disruption of the blood-brain barrier integrity in microfluidic-based human neurovascular units, and reduced mortality in a lethal infection murine model. We validated lapatinib-mediated inhibition of ErbB activity as an important mechanism of antiviral action. These findings reveal regulation of viral replication, inflammation, and tissue injury via ErbBs and establish a proof-of-principle for a repurposed, ErbB-targeted approach to combat emerging viruses.
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Ponticelli M, Bellone ML, Parisi V, Iannuzzi A, Braca A, de Tommasi N, Russo D, Sileo A, Quaranta P, Freer G, Pistello M, Milella L. Specialized metabolites from plants as a source of new multi-target antiviral drugs: a systematic review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2023; 22:1-79. [PMID: 37359711 PMCID: PMC10008214 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-023-09855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections have always been the main global health challenge, as several potentially lethal viruses, including the hepatitis virus, herpes virus, and influenza virus, have affected human health for decades. Unfortunately, most licensed antiviral drugs are characterized by many adverse reactions and, in the long-term therapy, also develop viral resistance; for these reasons, researchers have focused their attention on investigating potential antiviral molecules from plants. Natural resources indeed offer a variety of specialized therapeutic metabolites that have been demonstrated to inhibit viral entry into the host cells and replication through the regulation of viral absorption, cell receptor binding, and competition for the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Many active phytochemicals, including flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, coumarins, saponins, alkaloids, etc., have been identified as potential candidates for preventing and treating viral infections. Using a systematic approach, this review summarises the knowledge obtained to date on the in vivo antiviral activity of specialized metabolites extracted from plant matrices by focusing on their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bellone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annamaria Iannuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunziatina de Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Sileo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Freer
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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10
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Peterson CJ, Hurst BL, Evans WJ, Van Wettere AJ, Gibson SA, Smee DF, Tarbet EB. Human IVIG treatment in a neurological disease model for Enterovirus A71 infection in 28-day-old AG129 mice. Virology 2023; 580:62-72. [PMID: 36780728 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 can cause serious neurological disease in young children. Animal models for EV-A71 are needed to evaluate potential antiviral therapies. Existing models have limitations, including lack of lethality or crucial disease signs. Here we report the development of an EV-A71 model in 28-day-old mice. Virus was serially passaged until it produced consistent lethality and rear-limb paralysis. Onset of disease occurred between days 6-9 post-infection, with mortality following weight loss and neurological signs on days 9-14. In addition, a single administration of human intravenous immunoglobulin at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg at 4h post-infection was evaluated in the model. Protection from weight loss, neurological signs, and mortality (between 50 and 89%) were observed at doses of 400 mg/kg or greater. Based on these results, IVIG was selected for use as a positive control in this acute model, and suggest that IVIG is a potential therapeutic for EV-A71 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Peterson
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA; Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA; Carilion Clinic-Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Brett L Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA; Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - W Joseph Evans
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA; Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Arnaud J Van Wettere
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA; Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 950 East 1400 North, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Scott A Gibson
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA; Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Donald F Smee
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA; Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - E Bart Tarbet
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA; Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA; Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 950 East 1400 North, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84341, USA.
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11
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Ogorek TJ, Golden JE. Advances in the Development of Small Molecule Antivirals against Equine Encephalitic Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:413. [PMID: 36851628 PMCID: PMC9958955 DOI: 10.3390/v15020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Venezuelan, western, and eastern equine encephalitic alphaviruses (VEEV, WEEV, and EEEV, respectively) are arboviruses that are highly pathogenic to equines and cause significant harm to infected humans. Currently, human alphavirus infection and the resulting diseases caused by them are unmitigated due to the absence of approved vaccines or therapeutics for general use. These circumstances, combined with the unpredictability of outbreaks-as exemplified by a 2019 EEE surge in the United States that claimed 19 patient lives-emphasize the risks posed by these viruses, especially for aerosolized VEEV and EEEV which are potential biothreats. Herein, small molecule inhibitors of VEEV, WEEV, and EEEV are reviewed that have been identified or advanced in the last five years since a comprehensive review was last performed. We organize structures according to host- versus virus-targeted mechanisms, highlight cellular and animal data that are milestones in the development pipeline, and provide a perspective on key considerations for the progression of compounds at early and later stages of advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Ogorek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Golden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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12
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Faisal S, Badshah SL, Kubra B, Emwas AH, Jaremko M. Alkaloids as potential antivirals. A comprehensive review. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:4. [PMID: 36598588 PMCID: PMC9812014 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids are a diverse group of natural phytochemicals. These phytochemicals in plants provide them protection against pests, and herbivorous organisms and also control their development. Numerous of these alkaloids have a variety of biological effects, and some have even been developed into medications with different medicinal properties. This review aims to provide a broad overview of the numerous naturally occurring alkaloids (isolated from both terrestrial and aquatic species) along with synthetically produced alkaloid compounds having prominent antiviral properties. Previous reviews on this subject have focused on the biological actions of both natural and synthetic alkaloids, but they have not gone into comprehensive detail about their antiviral properties. We reviewed here several antiviral alkaloids that have been described in the literature in different investigational environments i.e. (in-vivo, in-ovo, in-vitro, and in-silico), and found that these alkaloid compounds have significant antiviral properties against several infectious viruses. These alkaloids repressed and targeted various important stages of viral infection at non-toxic doses while some of the alkaloids reported here also exhibited comparable inhibitory activities to commercially used drugs. Overall, these anti-viral effects of alkaloids point to a high degree of specificity, implying that they could serve as effective and safe antiviral medicines if further pursued in medicinal and pharmacological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Faisal
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Syed Lal Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Bibi Kubra
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Wang H, Cui B, Yan H, Wu S, Wang K, Yang G, Jiang J, Li Y. Targeting 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase against EV-A71 replication by upregulating interferon response. Antiviral Res 2023; 209:105497. [PMID: 36528172 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a close link between viral infections and cholesterol metabolism. Here, we reported that 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), a terminal enzyme for catalyzing cholesterol synthesis in the Kandutsch-Russell pathway, is harnessed by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) benefitting for its replication. Overexpression of DHCR7 resulted in upregulating of EV-A71 replication, while the S14A mutation, which reduces DHCR7 enzyme activity, has no effect on EV-A71 replication. Knockdown of DHCR7 expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or enzyme activity inhibition with pharmacological inhibitor AY9944 could significantly inhibit EV-A71 replication. Adding cholesterol to DHCR7 knockdown cells or AY9944-treated cells could rescue EV-A71 replication. More importantly, prophylactic administration of AY9944 effectively protected mice from lethal EV-A71 infection. In addition, the natural cholesterol precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), which is converted to cholesterol by DHCR7, has a similar effect against EV-A71 infection. Mechanistically, AY9944 or 7-DHC treatment can specifically promote IRF3 phosphorylation to activate interferon response. Moreover, AY9944 effectively cleared coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) infections in vitro. In conclusion, pharmacological modulation of DHCR7 might provide a chance for treatment of enterovirus infection, including EV-A71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Boming Cui
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Yang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuhuan Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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14
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Nair JJ, van Staden J. Antiviral alkaloid principles of the plant family Amaryllidaceae. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154480. [PMID: 36240608 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral-borne diseases are amongst the oldest diseases known to mankind. They are responsible for some of the most ravaging effects wrought on human health and well-being. The use of plants against these ailments is entrenched in both traditional and secular medicine around the globe. Their natural abundance and chemical diversity have also boosted their appeal in drug discovery. AIM The plant family Amaryllidaceae is distinguished for its alkaloid principles, some of which are of considerable interest in the clinical arena. This account is the outcome of a literature review undertaken to establish the applicability of these substances as antiviral agents. METHODS The survey utilized the search engines Google Scholar, PubMed, SciFinder, Scopus and Web of Science engaging the word 'antiviral' in conjunction with 'Amaryllidaceae' and 'Amaryllidaceae alkaloid'. The search returned over five hundred hits, of which around eighty were of relevance to the theme of the text. RESULTS Over eighty isoquinoline alkaloids have been screened against nearly fifty pathogens from fourteen viral families, the majority of which were RNA viruses. Potent activities were reported in some instances, such as that of trans-dihydronarciclasine against Yellow fever virus (IC50 0.003 μg/ml), with minimal effects being manifested on host cells. There were also promising results obtained from in vivo studies, in most cases without lethal effects on test subjects. Structure-activity relationship studies afforded useful insight to the antiviral pharmacophore, with the phenanthridone alkaloid nucleus shown to be the most enabling. Although the mechanistic basis to these activities pertained mostly to inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, evidence was also forthcoming about the inhibitory action of some of the alkaloids against viral neuraminidase, protease and reverse transcriptase. In silico methods of analysis have offered further perspectives of how some of the alkaloids interact at the active sites of their targets. CONCLUSION The Amaryllidaceae offers a viable platform for plant-based antiviral drug discovery. Its cause is strengthened not only by its wide proliferation and exploitation of its members in alternative forms of medicine, but also by its rich chemical diversity which has already spawned useful antiviral drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerald J Nair
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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15
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Yang F, Jiang XL, Tariq A, Sadia S, Ahmed Z, Sardans J, Aleem M, Ullah R, Bussmann RW. Potential medicinal plants involved in inhibiting 3CL pro activity: A practical alternate approach to combating COVID-19. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:488-496. [PMID: 35985974 PMCID: PMC9359926 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
At present, a variety of vaccines have been approved, and existing antiviral drugs are being tested to find an effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, no standardized treatment has yet been approved by the World Health Organization. The virally encoded chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which facilitates the replication of SARS-CoV in the host cells, is one potential pharmacological target for the development of anti-SARS drugs. Online search engines, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed, were used to retrieve data on the traditional uses of medicinal plants and their inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV 3CLpro. Various pure compounds, including polyphenols, terpenoids, chalcones, alkaloids, biflavonoids, flavanones, anthraquinones and glycosides, have shown potent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro activity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 2-44 µg/mL. Interestingly, most of these active compounds, including xanthoangelol E (isolated from Angelica keiskei), dieckol 1 (isolated from Ecklonia cava), amentoflavone (isolated from Torreya nucifera), celastrol, pristimerin, tingenone and iguesterin (isolated from Tripterygium regelii), tannic acid (isolated from Camellia sinensis), and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, 3-isotheaflav1in-3 gallate and dihydrotanshinone I (isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza), had IC50 values of less than 15 µg/mL. Kinetic mechanistic studies of several active compounds revealed that their mode of inhibition was dose-dependent and competitive, with Ki values ranging from 2.4-43.8 μmol/L. Given the significance of plant-based compounds and the many promising results obtained, there is still need to explore the phytochemical and mechanistic potentials of plants and their products. These medicinal plants could serve as an effective inexpensive nutraceutical for the general public to help manage COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- The Medical Center of General Practice, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Jiang
- The Medical Center of General Practice, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830041, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Sehrish Sadia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki 55300, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830041, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit, Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Muhammad Aleem
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki 55300, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rainer W Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, llia State University, Tbilisi 0105, Georgia
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16
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Sharma N, Kulkarni GT, Bhatt AN, Satija S, Singh L, Sharma A, Dua K, Karwasra R, Khan AA, Ahmad N, Raza K. Therapeutic Options for the SARS-CoV-2 Virus: Is There a Key in Herbal Medicine? Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221126303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for over 500 million cumulative cases all over the world since December 2019 and has marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic virus after SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This virus is in a winning situation because scientists are still racing to explore effective therapeutics, vaccines, and event treatment regimens. In view of progress in current disease management, until now none of the preventive/treatment measures can be considered entirely effective to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, it is required to look up substitute ways for the management of this disease. In this context, herbal medicines could be a good choice. This article emphasizes the antiviral potential of some herbal constituents which further can be a drug of choice in SARS-CoV-2 treatment. This article may be a ready reference for discovering natural lead compounds and targets in SARS-CoV-2 associated works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Anant Narayan Bhatt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Lubhan Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, KharvelSubharti College of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, UP, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Ritu Karwasra
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Asim Ali Khan
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Nadeem Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Khalid Raza
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Xiao H, Xu X, Du L, Li X, Zhao H, Wang Z, Zhao L, Yang Z, Zhang S, Yang Y, Wang C. Lycorine and organ protection: Review of its potential effects and molecular mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154266. [PMID: 35752077 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiorgan dysfunction, especially sepsis-related multiorgan damage, remains a major cause of high mortality in the late stages of infection and a great clinical challenge. In recent years, natural drugs have received widespread attention because of their low cost, wide sources, high efficacy, low toxicity, and limited side effects. Lycorine, a natural compound extracted from Amaryllidaceae, exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, including in the regulation of autophagy and the induction of cancer cell apoptosis, and has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, and antitumor activities. However, studies on lycorine have mainly focused on its antitumor properties, and research on its use for organ protection, especially in sepsis-related organ injury, is relatively limited. PURPOSE To review and discuss the effects and mechanisms of lycorine in the treatment of multi-organ dysfunction, especially sepsis. METHODS Literature searches in electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, were performed using 'Lycorine', 'Amaryllidaceae', 'Pharmacology', 'Pharmacokinetics', 'Anti-inflammation', 'Autophagy', 'Apoptosis', 'Anti-microbial and anti-parasitic', 'Antitumor', 'Organ protection', and 'Sepsis' as keywords, the correlated literature was extracted and conducted from the databases mentioned above. RESULTS By summarizing the progress made in existing research, we found that the general effects of lycorine involve the regulation of autophagy and the induction of cancer cell apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, and antitumor effects; through these pathways, the compound can ameliorate organ damage. In addition, lycorine was found to have an important effect on organ damage in sepsis. CONCLUSION Lycorine is a promising natural organ protective agent. This review will provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of organ protection, especially in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuezeng Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Luyang Du
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huadong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaofei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Changyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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18
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Wang J, Hu Y, Zheng M. Enterovirus A71 antivirals: Past, present, and future. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1542-1566. [PMID: 35847514 PMCID: PMC9279511 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a significant human pathogen, especially in children. EV-A71 infection is one of the leading causes of hand, foot, and mouth diseases (HFMD), and can lead to neurological complications such as acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in severe cases. Although three EV-A71 vaccines are available in China, they are not broadly protective and have reduced efficacy against emerging strains. There is currently no approved antiviral for EV-A71. Significant progress has been made in developing antivirals against EV-A71 by targeting both viral proteins and host factors. However, viral capsid inhibitors and protease inhibitors failed in clinical trials of human rhinovirus infection due to limited efficacy or side effects. This review discusses major discoveries in EV-A71 antiviral development, analyzes the advantages and limitations of each drug target, and highlights the knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to advance the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Madeleine Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Ren PX, Shang WJ, Yin WC, Ge H, Wang L, Zhang XL, Li BQ, Li HL, Xu YC, Xu EH, Jiang HL, Zhu LL, Zhang LK, Bai F. A multi-targeting drug design strategy for identifying potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:483-493. [PMID: 33907306 PMCID: PMC8076879 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is threatening public health, and there is no effective treatment. In this study, we have implemented a multi-targeted anti-viral drug design strategy to discover highly potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors, which simultaneously act on the host ribosome, viral RNA as well as RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, and nucleocapsid protein of the virus, to impair viral translation, frameshifting, replication, and assembly. Driven by this strategy, three alkaloids, including lycorine, emetine, and cephaeline, were discovered to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 values of low nanomolar levels potently. The findings in this work demonstrate the feasibility of this multi-targeting drug design strategy and provide a rationale for designing more potent anti-virus drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Xuan Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, and Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wei-Juan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wan-Chao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, and Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiang-Lei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, and Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Bing-Qian Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, and Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hong-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ye-Chun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Eric H Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua-Liang Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, and Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Lei-Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Fang Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, and Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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20
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Abookleesh FL, Al-Anzi BS, Ullah A. Potential Antiviral Action of Alkaloids. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030903. [PMID: 35164173 PMCID: PMC8839337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections and outbreaks have become a major concern and are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development of successful antiviral therapeutics and vaccines remains a daunting challenge. The discovery of novel antiviral agents is a public health emergency, and extraordinary efforts are underway globally to identify safe and effective treatments for different viral diseases. Alkaloids are natural phytochemicals known for their biological activities, many of which have been intensively studied for their broad-spectrum of antiviral activities against different DNA and RNA viruses. The purpose of this review was to summarize the evidence supporting the efficacy of the antiviral activity of plant alkaloids at half-maximum effective concentration (EC50) or half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) below 10 μM and describe the molecular sites most often targeted by natural alkaloids acting against different virus families. This review highlights that considering the devastating effects of virus pandemics on humans, plants, and animals, the development of high efficiency and low-toxicity antiviral drugs targeting these viruses need to be developed. Furthermore, it summarizes the current research status of alkaloids as the source of antiviral drug development, their structural characteristics, and antiviral targets. Overall, the influence of alkaloids at the molecular level suggests a high degree of specificity which means they could serve as potent and safe antiviral agents waiting for evaluation and exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frage L. Abookleesh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Bader S. Al-Anzi
- Department of Environment Technologies and Management, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait;
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-78-0-492-4845
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21
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Tan S, Banwell MG, Ye WC, Lan P, White LV. The Inhibition of RNA Viruses by Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids: Opportunities for the Development of Broad-Spectrum Anti-Coronavirus Drugs. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101215. [PMID: 35032358 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has claimed the lives of millions and disrupted nearly every aspect of human society. Currently, vaccines remain the only widely available medical means to address the cause of the pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Unfortunately, current scientific consensus deems the emergence of vaccine-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants highly likely. In this context, the design and development of broad-spectrum, small-molecule based antiviral drugs has been described as a potentially effective, alternative medical strategy to address circulating and re-emerging CoVs. Small molecules are well-suited to target the least-rapidly evolving structures within CoVs such as highly conserved RNA replication enzymes, and this renders them less vulnerable to evolved drug resistance. Examination of the vast literature describing the inhibition of RNA viruses by Amaryllidaceae alkaloids suggests that future, broad-spectrum anti-CoV drugs may be derived from this family of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Tan
- The Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- The Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lan
- The Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Lorenzo V White
- The Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
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22
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Singla RK, He X, Chopra H, Tsagkaris C, Shen L, Kamal MA, Shen B. Natural Products for the Prevention and Control of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sustainable Bioresources. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:758159. [PMID: 34925017 PMCID: PMC8671886 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.758159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The world has been unprecedentedly hit by a global pandemic which broke the record of deadly pandemics that faced humanity ever since its existence. Even kids are well-versed in the terminologies and basics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 now. The vaccination program has been successfully launched in various countries, given that the huge global population of concern is still far behind to be vaccinated. Furthermore, the scarcity of any potential drug against the COVID-19-causing virus forces scientists and clinicians to search for alternative and complementary medicines on a war-footing basis. Aims and Objectives: The present review aims to cover and analyze the etiology and epidemiology of COVID-19, the role of intestinal microbiota and pro-inflammatory markers, and most importantly, the natural products to combat this deadly SARS-CoV-2 virus. Methods: A primary literature search was conducted through PubMed and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. Natural products were searched from January 2020 to November 2020. No timeline limit has been imposed on the search for the biological sources of those phytochemicals. Interactive mapping has been done to analyze the multi-modal and multi-target sources. Results and Discussion: The intestinal microbiota and the pro-inflammatory markers that can serve the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 were discussed. The literature search resulted in yielding 70 phytochemicals and ten polyherbal formulations which were scientifically analyzed against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its targets and found significant. Retrospective analyses led to provide information about 165 biological sources that can also be screened if not done earlier. Conclusion: The interactive analysis mapping of biological sources with phytochemicals and targets as well as that of phytochemical class with phytochemicals and COVID-19 targets yielded insights into the multitarget and multimodal evidence-based complementary medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Xuefei He
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
| | | | - Li Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing/Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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23
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Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111895. [PMID: 34834309 PMCID: PMC8625292 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and Nipah virus, as well as the re-emergence of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. Notably, effective drugs or vaccines against these viruses are still to be discovered. All the newly approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2-induced disease COVID-19 possess real-time possibility of becoming obsolete because of the development of ‘variants of concern’. Flavonoids are being increasingly recognized as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against emerging and old viral diseases. Around 10,000 natural flavonoid compounds have been identified, being phytochemicals, all plant-based. Flavonoids have been reported to have lesser side effects than conventional anti-viral agents and are effective against more viral diseases than currently used anti-virals. Despite their abundance in plants, which are a part of human diet, flavonoids have the problem of low bioavailability. Various attempts are in progress to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids, one of the promising fields being nanotechnology. This review is a narrative of some anti-viral dietary flavonoids, their bioavailability, and various means with an emphasis on the nanotechnology system(s) being experimented with to deliver anti-viral flavonoids, whose systems show potential in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, resulting in increased bioavailability.
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24
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Yun C, Lee HJ, Lee CJ. Small Molecule Drug Candidates for Managing the Clinical Symptoms of COVID-19: a Narrative Review. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:571-581. [PMID: 34615772 PMCID: PMC8551738 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Towards the end of 2019, an atypical acute respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China and subsequently named Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The rapid dissemination of COVID-19 has provoked a global crisis in public health. COVID-19 has been reported to cause sepsis, severe infections in the respiratory tract, multiple organ failure, and pulmonary fibrosis, all of which might induce mortality. Although several vaccines for COVID-19 are currently being administered worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic is not yet effectively under control. Therefore, novel therapeutic agents to eradicate the cause of the disease and/or manage the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 should be developed to effectively regulate the current pandemic. In this review, we discuss the possibility of managing the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 using natural products derived from medicinal plants used for controlling pulmonary inflammatory diseases in folk medicine. Diverse natural products have been reported to exert potential antiviral effects in vitro by affecting viral replication, entry into host cells, assembly in host cells, and release. However, the in vivo antiviral effects and clinical antiviral efficacies of these natural products against SARS-CoV-2 have not been successfully proven to date. Thus, these properties need to be elucidated through further investigations, including randomized clinical trials, in order to develop optimal and ideal therapeutic candidates for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawon Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Smith Liberal Arts College and Department of Addiction Science, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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25
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Ni T, Huang X, Pan S, Lu Z. Dihydrolycorine Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis and Dysfunction by Downregulating Runx1 following Myocardial Infarction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8528239. [PMID: 34725565 PMCID: PMC8557049 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8528239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In spite of early interventions to treat acute myocardial infarction (MI), the occurrence of adverse cardiac remodeling following heart failure due to acute MI remains a clinical challenge. Thus, there is an increasing demand for the development of novel therapeutic agents capable of inhibiting the development of pathological ventricular remodeling. RNA-seq data analysis of acute MI rat models from GEO revealed that Runx1 was the most differentially expressed MI-related gene. In this study, we demonstrated that increased Runx1 expression under pathological conditions results in decreased cardiac contractile function. We identified dihydrolycorine, an alkaloid lycorine, as a promising inhibitor of Runx1. Our results showed that treatment with this drug could prevent adverse cardiac remodeling, as indicated by the downregulation of fibrotic genes using western blotting (collagen I, TGFβ, and p-smad3), downregulation of the apoptosis gene Bax, upregulation of the apoptosis gene Bcl-2, and improved cardiac functions, such as LVEF, LVSF, LVESD, and LVEDD. Additionally, dihydrolycorine treatment could rescue cardiomyocyte hypertrophy as demonstrated by wheat germ agglutinin staining, increased expression levels of the punctuate gap junction protein connexin 43, and decreased α-SMA expression, resulting in cardiomyocyte fibrosis in immunofluorescence staining. Molecular docking, binding modeling, and pull-down assays were used to identify potential dihydrolycorine-binding sites in Runx1. When Ad-sh-Runx1 was transfected into hypoxia-cardiomyocytes or injected into the hearts of MI rats, the cardioprotective effects of dihydrolycorine were abolished, and the normal electrophysiological activity of cardiomyocytes was disrupted. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that dihydrolycorine may inhibit adverse cardiac remodeling after MI through the reduction of Runx1, suggesting that dihydrolycorine-mediated-Runx1 regulation might represent a novel therapeutic approach for adverse cardiac remodeling after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Ni
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingxiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sunlei Pan
- Department of Coronary Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Antiviral and virucidal activities of lycorine on duck tembusu virus in vitro by blocking viral internalization and entry. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101404. [PMID: 34478911 PMCID: PMC8414183 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck tembusu virus (DTMUV) was firstly identified in 2010 in China; since then, it has caused enormous economic loss to breeding industry. Great efforts have been made to develop drugs and vaccines against DTMUV. However, current available vaccines or anti-DTMUV drugs are consistently inefficient. Hence, various more broadly effective drugs have become important for the treatment of DTMUV infection; among these, lycorine, one of the important sources of active alkaloids, is a promising example. Nevertheless, it is not known whether lycorine has any antiviral activities against DTMUV. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the anti-DTMUV abilities of lycorine. The cytotoxicity of lycorine was evaluated on BHK-21 cells by CCK-8 assay, and its antiviral effect against DTMUV was examined by real-time PCR assays, virus titer determination, Western blot and immunofluorescence (IFA) assays, respectively. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of the anti-DTMUV effects of lycorine were also investigated. The results indicated that the highest nontoxicity concentration of lycorine on BHK-21 cells was 5 µM. Lycorine possessed the antiviral ability against DTMUV on BHK-21 cells, as demonstrated by the reduction of virus titers and copy numbers in vitro. Western blot and IFA analysis showed the inhibitory effect of lycorine on DTMUV envelope (E) protein expression. Moreover, using time-of-addition assays, we found that lycorine displays its antivirus and virucidal activities through blocking viral internalization and entry in vitro. Taken together, our findings firstly demonstrate the antiviral activities of lycorine against DTMUV, suggesting that lycorine can be a potential drug for the treatment of DTMUV infection.
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27
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Li N, Wang Z, Wang R, Zhang ZR, Zhang YN, Deng CL, Zhang B, Shang LQ, Ye HQ. In Vitro Inhibition of Alphaviruses by Lycorine. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1465-1474. [PMID: 34374926 PMCID: PMC8353614 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus. As an emerging virus, CHIKV imposes a threat to public health. Currently, there are no vaccines or antivirals available for the prevention of CHIKV infection. Lycorine, an alkaloid from Amaryllidaceae plants, has antiviral activity against a number of viruses such as coronavirus, flavivirus and enterovirus. In this study, we found that lycorine could inhibit CHIKV in cell culture at a concentration of 10 μmol/L without apparent cytotoxicity. In addition, it exhibited broad-spectrum anti-alphavirus activity, including Sindbis virus (SINV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEEV). The time of addition studies indicated that lycorine functions at an early post-entry stage of CHIKV life cycle. The results based on two different CHIKV replicons provided further evidence that lycorine exerts its antiviral activity mainly by inhibiting CHIKV translation. Overall, our study extends the antiviral spectrum of lycorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Diseases, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhe-Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,College of Pharmacy and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Diseases, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Lu-Qing Shang
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Diseases, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Han-Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Insights on Dengue and Zika NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113698. [PMID: 34274831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, many outbreaks caused by (re)emerging RNA viruses have been reported worldwide, including life-threatening Flaviviruses, such as Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV). Currently, there is only one licensed vaccine against Dengue, Dengvaxia®. However, its administration is not recommended for children under nine years. Still, there are no specific inhibitors available to treat these infectious diseases. Among the flaviviral proteins, NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a metalloenzyme essential for viral replication, suggesting that it is a promising macromolecular target since it has no human homolog. Nowadays, several NS5 RdRp inhibitors have been reported, while none inhibitors are currently in clinical development. In this context, this review constitutes a comprehensive work focused on RdRp inhibitors from natural, synthetic, and even repurposing sources. Furthermore, their main aspects associated with the structure-activity relationship (SAR), proposed mechanisms of action, computational studies, and other topics will be discussed in detail.
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29
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Jin YH, Min JS, Jeon S, Lee J, Kim S, Park T, Park D, Jang MS, Park CM, Song JH, Kim HR, Kwon S. Lycorine, a non-nucleoside RNA dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, as potential treatment for emerging coronavirus infections. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:153440. [PMID: 33376043 PMCID: PMC7738280 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly effective novel treatments need to be developed to suppress emerging coronavirus (CoV) infections such as COVID-19. The RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) among the viral proteins is known as an effective antiviral target. Lycorine is a phenanthridine Amaryllidaceae alkaloid isolated from the bulbs of Lycoris radiata (L'Hér.) Herb. and has various pharmacological bioactivities including antiviral function. PURPOSE We investigated the direct-inhibiting action of lycorine on CoV's RdRp, as potential treatment for emerging CoV infections. METHODS We examined the inhibitory effect of lycorine on MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections, and then quantitatively measured the inhibitory effect of lycorine on MERS-CoV RdRp activity using a cell-based reporter assay. Finally, we performed the docking simulation with lycorine and SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. RESULTS Lycorine efficiently inhibited these CoVs with IC50 values of 2.123 ± 0.053, 1.021 ± 0.025, and 0.878 ± 0.022 μM, respectively, comparable with anti-CoV effects of remdesivir. Lycorine directly inhibited MERS-CoV RdRp activity with an IC50 of 1.406 ± 0.260 μM, compared with remdesivir's IC50 value of 6.335 ± 0.731 μM. In addition, docking simulation showed that lycorine interacts with SARS-CoV-2 RdRp at the Asp623, Asn691, and Ser759 residues through hydrogen bonding, at which the binding affinities of lycorine (-6.2 kcal/mol) were higher than those of remdesivir (-4.7 kcal/mol). CONCLUSIONS Lycorine is a potent non-nucleoside direct-acting antiviral against emerging coronavirus infections and acts by inhibiting viral RdRp activity; therefore, lycorine may be a candidate against the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hee Jin
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Korea; Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Jung Sun Min
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Sangeun Jeon
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Tamina Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Min Seong Jang
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; Department of Non-Clinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Chul Min Park
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Song
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Hyoung Rae Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Sunoh Kwon
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
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Zhao S, Guo Y, Wang Q, An B. Antifungal effects of lycorine on Botrytis cinerea and possible mechanisms. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1503-1512. [PMID: 33856593 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea cause postharvest diseases on fruit and lead economic losses. Application of environment-friendly natural compounds is an alternative for synthetic fungicides to control postharvest disease. Lycorine is an indolizidine alkaloid which is widely used for human drug design, however, application of lycorine in controlling postharvest disease and the underlying mechanisms have not been reported. In this study, the effects of lycorine on mycelium growth, spore germination, disease development in apple fruit, cell viability, cell membrane integrity, cell wall deposition, and expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and GTPase of B. cinerea were investigated. Our results showed that lycorine was effective in controlling postharvest gray mold caused by B. cinerea on apple fruit. In the in vitro tests, lycorine strongly inhibited spore germination and mycelium spreading in culture medium. Investigation via fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide staining suggested that lycorine could damage the membrane integrity and impair cell viability of B. cinerea. Furthermore, the expression levels of several MAPK and GTPase coding genes were reduced upon the lycorine treatment. Taken together, lycorine is an effective and promising way to control postharvest disease caused by B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixue Zhao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yanhua Guo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Bang An
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Shi S, Li C, Zhang Y, Deng C, Tan M, Pan G, Du J, Ji Y, Li Q, Liang H, Liu W, Guo L, Zhao G, Liu Y, Cui H. Lycorine hydrochloride inhibits melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion via down-regulating p21 Cip1/WAF1. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1391-1409. [PMID: 33948364 PMCID: PMC8085853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycorine hydrochloride (LH) is an active ingredient sourced from the medicinal herb Lycoris radiata. Previous studies have suggested that LH exerts tumor suppression activity in several human cancers. However, the anti-cancer effect of LH in melanoma and the potential molecular mechanisms still need to be further studied. p21Cip1/WAF1, unlike its traditional cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor role, is believed to act as an oncogene under certain cellular conditions. In this research, an increased expression of p21Cip1/WAF1 was found in human melanoma tissues and positively related to the tumor invasion depth. High level of p21Cip1/WAF1 was found to correlate with bad outcomes of melanoma patients by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Functional experiments demonstrated that the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of A375 and MV3 melanoma cells was powerfully inhibited by LH through inducing S phase cell cycle arrest and regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In NOD/SCID mice model, LH effectively inhibited the xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis of A375 cells. Further research revealed that LH reduced p21Cip1/WAF1 protein by accelerating its ubiquitination. Importantly, the LH-induced suppression of cell proliferation and metastasis was rescued by p21Cip1/WAF1 overexpression, both in vitro an in vivo. Taken together, LH, which suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of melanoma cells via down-regulating p21Cip1/WAF1, is expected to be developed as an effective medicine for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth Hospital of ShijiazhuangShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Chaowei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengqin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangzhao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yacong Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Hanghua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Leiyang Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Gaichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
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Atrahimovich D, Harris R, Eitan R, Cohen M, Khatib S. Galantamine Quantity and Alkaloid Profile in the Bulbs of Narcissus tazetta and daffodil cultivars ( Amaryllidaceae) Grown in Israel. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030185. [PMID: 33801149 PMCID: PMC8004262 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids produced by the bulbs of the Amaryllidaceae are a source of pharmaceutical compounds. The main alkaloid, galantamine, is a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and allosteric nicotinic receptor modulator, which slows cognitive and functional decline in mild to moderate dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. Having a complex stereochemistry, the organic synthesis of galantamine for pharmaceutical uses is highly challenging and not always economically viable, and it is therefore isolated from Amaryllidaceae bulbs. In the present study, galantamine was extracted and quantified in Narcissus bulbs from five cultivars (cvs.), Fortune, Carlton, Ice Follies, Galilee and Ziva, which were grown in Israel under various conditions. Results show that the cvs. Fortune, Carlton and Ice Follies bulbs contained 285 ± 47, 452 ± 73 and 69 ± 17 µg g−1 galantamine, respectively, while the Galilee and Ziva bulbs contained relatively low concentrations of galantamine (1–20 µg g−1). Irrigation levels and pruning conditions did not affect the galantamine contents. Additionally, the alkaloids profile of the five cvs. was analyzed and characterized using LC-MS/MS showing that galantamine-type alkaloids were mainly detected in the Fortune and Carlton bulbs, lycorine-type alkaloids were mainly detected at the Galilee and Ziva bulbs and vittatine-type alkaloids were mainly detected in the Ice Follies bulbs. The present research is the first to characterize the alkaloids profile in the Narcissus bulbs of Galilee and Ziva, indigenous cvs. grown in Israel. The antiviral and anticancer alkaloids lycorine and lycorinine were the main alkaloids detected in the bulbs of those cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Atrahimovich
- Department of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; (D.A.); (R.H.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
| | - Raviv Harris
- Department of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; (D.A.); (R.H.)
| | - Ron Eitan
- Northern R&D, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; (R.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Menashe Cohen
- Northern R&D, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; (R.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; (D.A.); (R.H.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-6953512; Fax: +972-4-6944980
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Mandal A, Jha AK, Hazra B. Plant Products as Inhibitors of Coronavirus 3CL Protease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:583387. [PMID: 33767619 PMCID: PMC7985176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.583387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has created an alarming situation due to extensive loss of human lives and economy, posing enormous threat to global health security. Till date, no antiviral drug or vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 has reached the market, although a number of clinical trials are under way. The viral 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro), playing pivotal roles in coronavirus replication and polyprotein processing, is essential for its life cycle. In fact, 3CLpro is already a proven drug discovery target for SARS- and MERS-CoVs. This underlines the importance of 3CL protease in the design of potent drugs against COVID-19. Methods: We have collected one hundred twenty-seven relevant literatures to prepare the review article. PubMed, Google Scholar and other scientific search engines were used to collect the literature based on keywords, like "SARS-CoVs-3CL protease," "medicinal plant and anti-SARS-CoVs-3CL protease" published during 2003-2020. However, earlier publications related to this topic are also cited for necessary illustration and discussion. Repetitive articles and non-English studies were excluded. Results: From the literature search, we have enlisted medicinal plants reported to inhibit coronavirus 3CL protease. Some of the plants like Isatis tinctoria L. (syn. Isatis indigotica Fort.), Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold and Zucc., Psoralea corylifolia L., and Rheum palmatum L. have exhibited strong anti-3CLpro activity. We have also discussed about the phytochemicals with encouraging antiviral activity, such as, bavachinin, psoralidin, betulinic acid, curcumin and hinokinin, isolated from traditional medicinal plants. Conclusion: Currently, searching for a plant-derived novel drug with better therapeutic index is highly desirable due to lack of specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2. It is expected that in-depth evaluation of medicinally important plants would reveal new molecules with significant potential to inhibit coronavirus 3CL protease for development into approved antiviral drug against COVID-19 in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith, Kolkata, India
| | - Ajeet Kumar Jha
- Animal Health Research Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Banasri Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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Yang YJ, Liu JN, Pan XD. Synthesis and antiviral activity of lycorine derivatives. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:1188-1196. [PMID: 33176482 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1844674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There are no effective antiviral drugs to treat hand, foot, and mouth disease. In this study, a series of lycorine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated against enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 in vitro. Derivatives 7c-m with the phenoxyacyl group at the C-1 position showed higher efficacy and lower toxicity than lycorine. In addition, derivative 7e enhanced the survival rate to 40% in the mouse model of the lethal EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drug ability Evaluation Institute of Material Medical, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xian-Dao Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drug ability Evaluation Institute of Material Medical, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Alkaloids: Therapeutic Potential against Human Coronaviruses. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235496. [PMID: 33255253 PMCID: PMC7727683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are a class of natural products known to have wide pharmacological activity and have great potential for the development of new drugs to treat a wide array of pathologies. Some alkaloids have antiviral activity and/or have been used as prototypes in the development of synthetic antiviral drugs. In this study, eleven anti-coronavirus alkaloids were identified from the scientific literature and their potential therapeutic value against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is discussed. In this study, in silico studies showed an affinity of the alkaloids for binding to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, putatively preventing it from binding to the host cell. Lastly, several mechanisms for the known anti-coronavirus activity of alkaloids were discussed, showing that the alkaloids are interesting compounds with potential use as bioactive agents against SARS-CoV-2.
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Siddiqui AJ, Danciu C, Ashraf SA, Moin A, Singh R, Alreshidi M, Patel M, Jahan S, Kumar S, Alkhinjar MIM, Badraoui R, Snoussi M, Adnan M. Plants-Derived Biomolecules as Potent Antiviral Phytomedicines: New Insights on Ethnobotanical Evidences against Coronaviruses. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091244. [PMID: 32967179 PMCID: PMC7570315 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is in focus over all known human diseases, because it is destroying the world economy and social life, with increased mortality rate each day. To date, there is no specific medicine or vaccine available against this pandemic disease. However, the presence of medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules with antiviral properties might also be a successful strategy in order to develop therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, this review will summarize the available literature and other information/data sources related to antiviral medicinal plants, with possible ethnobotanical evidence in correlation with coronaviruses. The identification of novel antiviral compounds is of critical significance, and medicinal plant based natural compounds are a good source for such discoveries. In depth search and analysis revealed several medicinal plants with excellent efficacy against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, which are well-known to act on ACE-2 receptor, 3CLpro and other viral protein targets. In this review, we have consolidated the data of several medicinal plants and their natural bioactive metabolites, which have promising antiviral activities against coronaviruses with detailed modes of action/mechanism. It is concluded that this review will be useful for researchers worldwide and highly recommended for the development of naturally safe and effective therapeutic drugs/agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection, which might be used in therapeutic protocols alone or in combination with chemically synthetized drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.S.); (C.D.); Tel.: +40-744-648-855 (C.D.)
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.J.S.); (C.D.); Tel.: +40-744-648-855 (C.D.)
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India;
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India;
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah 15341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, India;
| | - Mulfi I. M. Alkhinjar
- Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Al Aarid, King Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh 13354, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine College of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta-Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetic, Medicine College of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
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Gunaseelan S, Wong KZ, Min N, Sun J, Ismail NKBM, Tan YJ, Lee RCH, Chu JJH. Prunin suppresses viral IRES activity and is a potential candidate for treating enterovirus A71 infection. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/516/eaar5759. [PMID: 31666401 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar5759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human enterovirus A71 (HEVA71) causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children and is considered a major neurotropic pathogen but lacks effective antivirals. To identify potential therapeutic agents against HFMD, we screened a 502-compound flavonoid library for compounds targeting the HEVA71 internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that facilitates translation of the HEVA71 genome and is vital for the production of HEVA71 viral particles. We validated hits using cell viability and viral plaque assays and found that prunin was the most potent inhibitor of HEVA71. Downstream assays affirmed that prunin disrupted viral protein and RNA synthesis and acted as a narrow-spectrum antiviral against enteroviruses A and B, but not enterovirus C, rhinovirus A, herpes simplex 1, or chikungunya virus. Continuous HEVA71 passaging with prunin yielded HEVA71-resistant mutants with five mutations that mapped to the viral IRES. Knockdown studies showed that the mutations allowed HEVA71 to overcome treatment-induced suppression by differentially regulating recruitment of the IRES trans-acting factors Sam68 and hnRNPK without affecting the hnRNPA1-IRES interaction required for IRES translation. Furthermore, prunin effectively reduced HEVA71-associated clinical symptoms and mortality in HEVA71-infected BALB/c mice and suppressed hepatitis C virus at higher concentrations, suggesting a similar mechanism of prunin-mediated IRES inhibition for both viruses. These studies establish prunin as a candidate for further development as a HEVA71 therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Gunaseelan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Kai Zhi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Nyo Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jialei Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | | | - Yee Joo Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Regina Ching Hua Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore. .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
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Mester-Tonczar J, Winkler J, Einzinger P, Hasimbegovic E, Kastner N, Lukovic D, Zlabinger K, Spannbauer A, Traxler D, Batkai S, Thum T, Gyöngyösi M. Association between Circular RNA CDR1as and Post-Infarction Cardiac Function in Pig Ischemic Heart Failure: Influence of the Anti-Fibrotic Natural Compounds Bufalin and Lycorine. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1180. [PMID: 32823854 PMCID: PMC7463784 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-fibrotic therapies are of increasing interest to combat cardiac remodeling and heart failure progression. Recently, anti-fibrotic circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified in human and rodent cardiac tissue. In vivo (rodent) experiments proved cardiac anti-fibrotic effects of the natural compounds bufalin and lycorine by downregulating miRNA-671-5p, associated with a theoretic increase in the tissue level of circRNA CDR1as. Accordingly, we hypothesized that both anti-fibrotic drugs may inhibit focal myocardial fibrosis of the remodeled left ventricle (LV) also in a translational large animal model of heart failure (HF). Domestic pigs were repeatedly treated with subcutaneous injections of either bufalin, lycorine, or saline, (n = 5/group) between days 7-21 post acute myocardial infarction (AMI). At the 2-month follow-up, both bufalin and lycorine led to significantly reduced cardiac fibrosis. Bufalin treatment additionally led to smaller end-diastolic volumes, higher LV ejection fraction (EF), and increased expression of CDR1as of the AMI region. Elevated tissue levels of the circRNA CDR1as in the AMI region of the pig heart correlated significantly with LV and right ventricular EF, LV stroke volume, and negatively with infarct size. In conclusion, we successfully identified the circRNA CDR1as in pig hearts and show a significant association with improved LV and RV function by anti-fibrotic therapies in a translational animal model of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mester-Tonczar
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.-T.); (J.W.); (E.H.); (N.K.); (D.L.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Johannes Winkler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.-T.); (J.W.); (E.H.); (N.K.); (D.L.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Patrick Einzinger
- Institute of Information Systems Engineering, Research Unit of Information and Software Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ena Hasimbegovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.-T.); (J.W.); (E.H.); (N.K.); (D.L.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Nina Kastner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.-T.); (J.W.); (E.H.); (N.K.); (D.L.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Dominika Lukovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.-T.); (J.W.); (E.H.); (N.K.); (D.L.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Katrin Zlabinger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.-T.); (J.W.); (E.H.); (N.K.); (D.L.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Andreas Spannbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.-T.); (J.W.); (E.H.); (N.K.); (D.L.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Denise Traxler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.-T.); (J.W.); (E.H.); (N.K.); (D.L.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Sandor Batkai
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.B.); (T.T.)
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.B.); (T.T.)
- REBIRTH Center of Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.-T.); (J.W.); (E.H.); (N.K.); (D.L.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (D.T.)
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Zhang YN, Zhang QY, Li XD, Xiong J, Xiao SQ, Wang Z, Zhang ZR, Deng CL, Yang XL, Wei HP, Yuan ZM, Ye HQ, Zhang B. Gemcitabine, lycorine and oxysophoridine inhibit novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in cell culture. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1170-1173. [PMID: 32432977 PMCID: PMC7448857 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1772676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The emerging SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with the outbreak of viral pneumonia in China is ongoing worldwide. There are no approved antiviral therapies to treat this viral disease. Here we examined the antiviral abilities of three broad-spectrum antiviral compounds gemcitabine, lycorine and oxysophoridine against SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture. We found that all three tested compounds inhibited viral replication in Vero-E6 cells at noncytotoxic concentrations. The antiviral effect of gemcitabine was suppressed efficiently by the cytidine nucleosides. Additionally, combination of gemcitabine with oxysophoridine had an additive antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2. Our results demonstrate that broad-spectrum antiviral compounds may have a priority for the screening of antiviral compounds against newly emerging viruses to control viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Yan Zhang
- The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Qi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Lou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Zhao Z, Xiang S, Qi J, Wei Y, Zhang M, Yao J, Zhang T, Meng M, Wang X, Zhou Q. Correction of the tumor suppressor Salvador homolog-1 deficiency in tumors by lycorine as a new strategy in lung cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:387. [PMID: 32439835 PMCID: PMC7242319 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salvador homolog-1 (SAV1) is a tumor suppressor required for activation of the tumor-suppressive Hippo pathway and inhibition of tumorigenesis. SAV1 is defective in several cancer types. SAV1 deficiency in cells promotes tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis, and is closely associated with poor prognosis for cancer patients. However, investigation of therapeutic strategies to target SAV1 deficiency in cancer is lacking. Here we found that the small molecule lycorine notably increased SAV1 levels in lung cancer cells by inhibiting SAV1 degradation via a ubiquitin-lysosome system, and inducing phosphorylation and activation of the SAV1-interacting protein mammalian Ste20-like 1 (MST1). MST1 activation then caused phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of the oncogenic Yes-associated protein (YAP), therefore inhibiting YAP-activated transcription of oncogenic genes and tumorigenic AKT and NF-κB signal pathways. Strikingly, treating tumor-bearing xenograft mice with lycorine increased SAV1 levels, and strongly inhibited tumor growth, vasculogenic mimicry, and metastasis. This work indicates that correcting SAV1 deficiency in lung cancer cells is a new strategy for cancer therapy. Our findings provide a new platform for developing novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shufen Xiang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jindan Qi
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mei Meng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
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Liu J, Zhao B, Xue L, Wu J, Xu Y, Liu Y, Qin C. Immunization with a fusion protein vaccine candidate generated from truncated peptides of human enterovirus 71 protects mice from lethal enterovirus 71 infections. Virol J 2020; 17:58. [PMID: 32321526 PMCID: PMC7178760 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prophylactic vaccines are critical in preventing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) primarily caused by human enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection. Children aged less than 5 years are especially susceptible to EV71 infections. In addition to the development of vaccines containing the inactivated virus, those containing virus-like particles (VLPs) with repeated antigens also constitute an effective preventive strategy for EV71 infections, with safety and productivity advantages. We previously developed a fusion protein composed with truncated peptides of the EV71 capsid protein, which assembled into spherical particles. This study aimed to assess the immunoprotective effects of this fusion protein as a vaccine candidate in a mouse model of EV71 infection. Methods To evaluate the protective effect of fusion protein vaccine candidate, neonatal mice born by immunized female mice, as well as normal neonatal mice immunized twice were infected with EV71 virus. Whereafter, the survival rates, clinical scores and viral loads were measured. Results The high dosage and booster immunization helped induce specific serum antibodies with high neutralization titers, which were transferred to neonatal mice, thereby facilitating effective resistance towards EV71 infection. An active immune response was also observed in neonatal mice which generated following immunization. Conclusions The present results suggest that this fusion protein is a suitable vaccine candidate in treating EV71 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangning Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China.
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Chen H, Lao Z, Xu J, Li Z, Long H, Li D, Lin L, Liu X, Yu L, Liu W, Li G, Wu J. Antiviral activity of lycorine against Zika virus in vivo and in vitro. Virology 2020; 546:88-97. [PMID: 32452420 PMCID: PMC7194111 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), is a cause for international concern. These highly pathogenic arboviruses represent a serious health burden in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Despite these burdens, antiviral therapies do not exist, and inhibitors of ZIKV are therefore urgently needed. To elucidate the anti-ZIKV effect of lycorine, we used reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence, Westernwestern blot, and plaque forming assay to analyse viral RNA (vRNA), viral protein, progeny virus counts, and validated inhibitors in vitro using a variety of cell lines. Additionally, we found that lycorine acts post-infection according to time-of-addition assay, and inhibits RdRp activity. Lycorine protected AG6 mice against ZIKV-induced lethality by decreasing the viral load in the blood. Due to its potency and ability to target ZIKV infection in vivo and in vitro, lycorine might offer promising therapeutic possibilities for combatting ZIKV infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huini Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhaoxin Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haishan Long
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Detang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Luping Lin
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Liangwen Yu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Weiyong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Geng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Lycorine Attenuates Autophagy in Osteoclasts via an Axis of mROS/TRPML1/TFEB to Reduce LPS-Induced Bone Loss. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8982147. [PMID: 31687088 PMCID: PMC6800915 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8982147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lycorine, a plant alkaloid, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by acting in macrophages that share precursor cells with osteoclasts (OCs). We hypothesized that lycorine might decrease bone loss by acting in OCs after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, since OCs play a main role in LPS-induced bone loss. Microcomputerized tomography (μCT) analysis revealed that lycorine attenuated LPS-induced bone loss in mice. In vivo tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining showed that increased surface area and number of OCs in LPS-treated mice were also decreased by lycorine treatment, suggesting that OCs are responsible for the bone-sparing effect of lycorine. In vitro, the increased number and activity of OCs induced by LPS were reduced by lycorine. Lycorine also decreased LPS-induced autophagy in OCs by evaluation of decreased lipidated form of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3) (LC3II) and increased sequestosome 1 (p62). Lycorine attenuated oxidized transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily (TRPML1) by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and decreased transcription factor EB (TFEB) nuclear translocation. Lycorine reduced the number and activity of OCs by decreasing autophagy in OCs via an axis of mROS/TRPML1/TFEB. Collectively, lycorine protected against LPS-induced bone loss by acting in OCs. Our data highlight the therapeutic potential of lycorine for protection against inflammatory bone loss.
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Yang L, Zhang JH, Zhang XL, Lao GJ, Su GM, Wang L, Li YL, Ye WC, He J. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis of lycorine treatment in highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7697. [PMID: 31592345 PMCID: PMC6778435 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses (HPAIV) cause rapid systemic illness and death in susceptible animals, leading to a disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Although vaccines and drugs are the best solution to prevent this threat, a more effective treatment for H5 strains of influenza has yet to be developed. Therefore, the development of therapeutics/drugs that combat H5N1 influenza virus infection is becoming increasingly important. Lycorine, the major component of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, exhibits better protective effects against A/CK/GD/178/04 (H5N1) (GD178) viruses than the commercial neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir in our prior study. Lycorine demonstrates outstanding antiviral activity because of its inhibitory activity against the export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs) from the nucleus. However, how lycorine affects the proteome of AIV infected cells is unknown. Therefore, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis to identify changes in protein expression in AIV-infected Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells treated with lycorine. Three groups were designed: mock infection group (M), virus infection group (V), and virus infection and lycorine-treated after virus infection group (L). The multiplexed tandem mass tag (TMT) approach was employed to analyze protein level in this study. In total, 5,786 proteins were identified from the three groups of cells by using TMT proteomic analysis. In the V/M group, 1,101 proteins were identified, of which 340 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were determined during HPAIV infection; among the 1,059 proteins identified from the lycorine-treated group, 258 proteins presented significant change. Here, 71 proteins showed significant upregulation or downregulation of expression in the virus-infected/mock and virus-infected/lycorine-treated comparisons, and the proteins in each fraction were functionally classified further. Interestingly, lycorine treatment decreased the levels of the nuclear pore complex protein 93 (Nup93, E2RSV7), which is associated with nuclear–cytoplasmic transport. In addition, Western blot experiments confirmed that the expression of Nup93 was significantly downregulated in lycorine treatment but induced after viral infection. Our results may provide new insights into how lycorine may trap vRNPs in the nucleus and suggest new potential therapeutic targets for influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Hao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Jie Lao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan Ming Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Lan Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Cai Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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45
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Lim ZQ, Ng QY, Ng JWQ, Mahendran V, Alonso S. Recent progress and challenges in drug development to fight hand, foot and mouth disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 15:359-371. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1659241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Qin Lim
- Department of Microbiology&Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Yong Ng
- Department of Microbiology&Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Wei Qing Ng
- Department of Microbiology&Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vikneswari Mahendran
- Department of Microbiology&Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Department of Microbiology&Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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46
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Wang H, Guo T, Yang Y, Yu L, Pan X, Li Y. Lycorine Derivative LY-55 Inhibits EV71 and CVA16 Replication Through Downregulating Autophagy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:277. [PMID: 31448243 PMCID: PMC6692562 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a global health concern, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. HFMD caused by Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) infection is usually self-limited but occasionally leads to severe pulmonary edema, neurological complications, and even death. Unfortunately, no effective drugs are currently available in clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of HFMD. Thus, anti-HFMD drugs must be urgently developed. A previous study had reported that lycorine could inhibit EV71 replication. In the present study, we found that LY-55, a lycorine derivative, inhibited the replication of EV71 and CVA16 in vitro and provided partial protection to mice from EV71 infection, as indicated by the decreased viral load and protein expression levels in muscles, clinical scores, and increased survival rates of infected mice. Mechanistically, LY-55 was not directly viricidal. Instead, the LY-55-mediated inhibition of EV71 and CVA16 was found to be mechanistically possible, at least in part, through downregulating autophagy, which plays an important role for EV71 and CVA16 replication. These findings suggest that LY-55 could be a potential lead or supplement for the development of anti-HFMD agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xiandao Pan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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47
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High-Throughput Screening and Identification of Potent Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Coronaviruses. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00023-19. [PMID: 30918074 PMCID: PMC6613765 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00023-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no approved therapy to treat coronavirus infection; therefore, broad-spectrum inhibitors of emerging and endemic CoVs are needed. Based on our high-throughput screening assay using a compound library, we identified seven compounds with broad-spectrum efficacy against the replication of four CoVs in vitro. Additionally, one compound (lycorine) was found to protect BALB/c mice against HCoV-OC43-induced lethality by decreasing viral load in the central nervous system. This inhibitor might offer promising therapeutic possibilities for combatting novel CoV infections in the future. Coronaviruses (CoVs) act as cross-species viruses and have the potential to spread rapidly into new host species and cause epidemic diseases. Despite the severe public health threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), there are currently no drugs available for their treatment; therefore, broad-spectrum inhibitors of emerging and endemic CoVs are urgently needed. To search for effective inhibitory agents, we performed high-throughput screening (HTS) of a 2,000-compound library of approved drugs and pharmacologically active compounds using the established genetically engineered human CoV OC43 (HCoV-OC43) strain expressing Renilla luciferase (rOC43-ns2Del-Rluc) and validated the inhibitors using multiple genetically distinct CoVs in vitro. We screened 56 hits from the HTS data and validated 36 compounds in vitro using wild-type HCoV-OC43. Furthermore, we identified seven compounds (lycorine, emetine, monensin sodium, mycophenolate mofetil, mycophenolic acid, phenazopyridine, and pyrvinium pamoate) as broad-spectrum inhibitors according to their strong inhibition of replication by four CoVs in vitro at low-micromolar concentrations. Additionally, we found that emetine blocked MERS-CoV entry according to pseudovirus entry assays and that lycorine protected BALB/c mice against HCoV-OC43-induced lethality by decreasing viral load in the central nervous system. This represents the first demonstration of in vivo real-time bioluminescence imaging to monitor the effect of lycorine on the spread and distribution of HCoV-OC43 in a mouse model. These results offer critical information supporting the development of an effective therapeutic strategy against CoV infection. IMPORTANCE Currently, there is no approved therapy to treat coronavirus infection; therefore, broad-spectrum inhibitors of emerging and endemic CoVs are needed. Based on our high-throughput screening assay using a compound library, we identified seven compounds with broad-spectrum efficacy against the replication of four CoVs in vitro. Additionally, one compound (lycorine) was found to protect BALB/c mice against HCoV-OC43-induced lethality by decreasing viral load in the central nervous system. This inhibitor might offer promising therapeutic possibilities for combatting novel CoV infections in the future.
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48
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Dissecting complicated viral spreading of enterovirus 71 using in situ bioorthogonal fluorescent labeling. Biomaterials 2018; 181:199-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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49
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Roy M, Liang L, Xiao X, Feng P, Ye M, Liu J. Lycorine: A prospective natural lead for anticancer drug discovery. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:615-624. [PMID: 30114645 PMCID: PMC7127747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Outline of the anticancer properties and associated molecular mechanism mediated by lycorine. Comprehensive analysis of the structure activity relationship associated with anticancer activity of lycorine. Summary of the pharmacological aspects and implications for future directions with this compound.
Nature is the most abundant source for novel drug discovery. Lycorine is a natural alkaloid with immense therapeutic potential. Lycorine is active in a very low concentration and with high specificity against a number of cancers both in vivo and in vitro and against various drug-resistant cancer cells. This review summarized the therapeutic effect and the anticancer mechanisms of lycorine. At the same time, we have discussed the pharmacology and comparative structure-activity relationship for the anticancer activity of this compound. The researches outlined in this paper serve as a foundation to explain lycorine as an important lead compound for new generation anticancer drug design and provide the principle for the development of biological strategies to utilize lycorine in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Roy
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Long Liang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Peifu Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Zhang Q, Zhao B, Chen X, Song N, Wu J, Li G, Yu P, Han Y, Liu J, Qin C. GS-9620 inhibits enterovirus 71 replication mainly through the NF-κB and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Antiviral Res 2018; 153:39-48. [PMID: 29425831 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the second most common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which can occur as a severe epidemic especially among children under 5-years old. New and improved treatment strategies to control EV71 infection are therefore urgently required. The heterocyclic compound GS-9620, a potent and selective agonist of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), has been reported to activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and suppress HBV as well as HIV replication. In this study, we indicated that GS-9620 also could inhibit EV71 replication in the mouse model of EV71 infection. With three-days treatment after EV71 infection, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, like IFN-α, IFN-γ and MCP-1, were sharply reduced in serum compared to those without treatment. Furthermore, GS-9620 activated TLR7 in the limb muscle cells, which stimulated the NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. When NF-κB or PI3K/AKT inhibitors were used, the antiviral effect of the GS-9620 was impacted. Overall, our data implied GS-9620 probably activates NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to clear the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC) & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC) & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC) & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China
| | - Nan Song
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC) & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC) & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guangchao Li
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC) & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China
| | - Pin Yu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC) & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yunlin Han
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC) & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC) & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC) & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China.
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