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Borase H, Shukla D. The Interplay of Genital Herpes with Cellular Processes: A Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspective. Viruses 2023; 15:2195. [PMID: 38005873 PMCID: PMC10675801 DOI: 10.3390/v15112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genital herpes, primarily caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), remains a pressing global health concern. Its remarkable ability to intertwine with cellular processes, from harnessing host machinery for replication to subverting antiviral defenses like autophagy and programmed cell death, exemplifies the intricate interplay at the heart of its pathogenesis. While the biomedical community has extensively researched antiviral interventions, the efficiency of these strategies in managing HSV-2 remains suboptimal. Recognizing this, attention has shifted toward leveraging host cellular components to regulate HSV-2 replication and influence the cell cycle. Furthermore, innovative interventional strategies-including drug repurposing, microbivacs, connecting the host microbiome, and exploiting natural secondary metabolites-are emerging as potential game changers. This review summarizes the key steps in HSV-2 pathogenesis and newly discovered cellular interactions, presenting the latest developments in the field, highlighting existing challenges, and offering a fresh perspective on HSV-2's pathogenesis and the potential avenues for its treatment by targeting cellular proteins and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Borase
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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2
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Chianese A, Gravina C, Morone MV, Ambrosino A, Formato M, Palma F, Foglia F, Nastri BM, Zannella C, Esposito A, De Filippis A, Piccolella S, Galdiero M, Pacifico S. Lavandula austroapennina: Assessment of the Antiviral Activity of Lipophilic Extracts from Its Organs. Viruses 2023; 15:1648. [PMID: 37631991 PMCID: PMC10457779 DOI: 10.3390/v15081648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In a framework aimed at the recovery and enhancement of medicinal plants endemic to the territory of the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park, Lavandula austroapennina N.G. Passal., Tundis and Upson has aroused interest. An insight into the chemical composition of the corolla, calyx, leaf, stem, and root organs was carried out following ultrasound-assisted maceration in n-hexane. The obtained lipophilic extracts were explored using ultra-high-performance chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS). The extracts from the different organs varied in their relative content of fatty acids, ursanes, and oleanane-type triterpenes. In particular, the oleanolic acid content appeared to increase in the order of corolla < leaf < stem. An MTT assay was performed to verify the possible cytotoxicity of the organ extracts of L. austroapennina at a concentration ranging from 12.5 to 400 µg/mL on the Vero CCL-81 cell line. Antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), alpha human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), and poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) was evaluated via a plaque reduction assay in the same cellular model. All the extracts did not show cytotoxic effects after 2 and 24 h exposure times, and the antiviral efficacy was particularly important for the stem extract, capable of completely inhibiting the tested viruses at low doses. The antiviral activity in a non-enveloped virus PV-1 allowed the assertion that the extracts from the organs of L. austroapennina, and especially the stem extract, interfered directly with the viral envelope. This study underlines how much knowledge of a territory's medicinal plant heritage is a harbinger of promising discoveries in the health field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Claudia Gravina
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.G.); (M.F.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Morone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Annalisa Ambrosino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Marialuisa Formato
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.G.); (M.F.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesca Palma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Francesco Foglia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Bianca Maria Nastri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Assunta Esposito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.G.); (M.F.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.G.); (M.F.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.G.); (M.F.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
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Shahabipour F, Satta S, Mahmoodi M, Sun A, de Barros NR, Li S, Hsiai T, Ashammakhi N. Engineering organ-on-a-chip systems to model viral infections. Biofabrication 2023; 15:10.1088/1758-5090/ac6538. [PMID: 35390777 PMCID: PMC9883621 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac6538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain a public healthcare concern worldwide. Amidst the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, increasing resources have been diverted to investigate therapeutics targeting the COVID-19 spike glycoprotein and to develop various classes of vaccines. Most of the current investigations employ two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and animal models. However, 2D culture negates the multicellular interactions and three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment, and animal models cannot mimic human physiology because of interspecies differences. On the other hand, organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices introduce a game-changer to model viral infections in human tissues, facilitating high-throughput screening of antiviral therapeutics. In this context, this review provides an overview of thein vitroOoC-based modeling of viral infection, highlighting the strengths and challenges for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Shahabipour
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sandro Satta
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mahboobeh Mahmoodi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Argus Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tzung Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Ursolic acid and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a new horizon and perspective. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1493-1501. [PMID: 35922738 PMCID: PMC9362167 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) has been identified as the source of a world coronavirus pandemic in 2019. Covid-19 is considered a main respiratory disease-causing viral pneumonia and, in severe cases, leads to acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although, extrapulmonary manifestations of Covid-19 like neurological, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal have been confirmed. Exaggerated immune response and release of a high amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines may progress, causing a cytokine storm. Consequently, direct and indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection can evolve into systemic complications due to the progression of hyper inflammation, oxidative stress and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Therefore, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents could be efficient in alleviating these disorders. Ursolic acid has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects; it reduces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improves anti-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, ursolic acid may minimize SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced complications. Also, by regulating RAS and inflammatory signaling pathways, ursolic acid might effectively reduce the development of ALI in ARDS in Covid-19. In this state, this perspective discusses how ursolic acid can mitigate hyper inflammation and oxidative stress in Covid-19.
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Santos Pereira R, Vasconcelos Costa V, Luiz Menezes Gomes G, Rodrigues Valadares Campana P, Maia de Pádua R, Barbosa M, Oki Y, Heiden G, Fernandes GW, Menezes de Oliveira D, Souza DG, Martins Teixeira M, Castro Braga F. Anti-Zika Virus Activity of Plant Extracts Containing Polyphenols and Triterpenes on Vero CCL-81 and Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100842. [PMID: 35285139 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a global threat associated to neurological disorders in adults and microcephaly in children born to infected mothers. No vaccine or drug is available against ZIKV. We herein report the anti-ZIKV activity of 36 plant extracts containing polyphenols and/or triterpenes. ZIKV-infected Vero CCL-81 cells were treated with samples at non-cytotoxic concentrations, determined by MTT and LDH assays. One third of the extracts elicited concentration-dependent anti-ZIKV effect, with viral loads reduction from 0.4 to 3.8 log units. The 12 active extracts were tested on ZIKV-infected SH-SY5Y cells and significant reductions of viral loads (in log units) were induced by Maytenus ilicifolia (4.5 log), Terminalia phaeocarpa (3.7 log), Maytenus rigida (1.7 log) and Echinodorus grandiflorus (1.7 log) extracts. Median cytotoxic concentration (CC50 ) of these extracts in Vero cells were higher than in SH-SY5Y lineage. M. ilicifolia (IC50 =16.8±10.3 μg/mL, SI=3.4) and T. phaeocarpa (IC50 =22.0±6.8 μg/mL, SI=4.8) were the most active extracts. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of M. ilicifolia extract led to the identification of 7 triterpenes, of which lupeol and a mixture of friedelin/friedelinol showed no activity against ZIKV. The composition of T. phaeocarpa extract comprises phenolic acids, ellagitannins and flavonoids, as recently reported by us. In conclusion, the anti-ZIKV activity of 12 plant extracts is here described for the first time and polyphenols and triterpenes were identified as the probable bioactive constituents of T. phaeocarpa and M. ilicifolia, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Santos Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Luiz Menezes Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Rodrigues Valadares Campana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Maia de Pádua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Milton Barbosa
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Yumi Oki
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Heiden
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Clima Temperado, CEP 96010-971, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele G Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernão Castro Braga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Qin S, Hu X, Lin S, Xiao J, Wang Z, Jia J, Song X, Liu K, Ren Z, Wang Y. Hsp90 Inhibitors Prevent HSV-1 Replication by Directly Targeting UL42-Hsp90 Complex. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:797279. [PMID: 35185822 PMCID: PMC8851068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.797279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae family, which could initiate labial herpes caused by the reactivation of HSV-1 primary infection, and secondary infection even causes herpes encephalitis. The study presented here demonstrates that Hsp90 inhibitors (AT-533 and 17-AAG) directly targeted the HSV-1 UL42-Hsp90 complex, and Hsp90 interacted with HSV-1 UL42 in silicon and experiment. Interestingly, Hsp90 inhibitors also reduced virus titers of ACV-resistant clinical HSV-1 strains (153 and blue strain), revealing that HSV-1 UL42 would be a new target against ACV-resistant HSV-1 strains. Altogether, this present study indicates that Hsp90 inhibitors prevent HSV-1 proliferation by regulating the interaction between Hsp90 and HSV-1 UL42, suggesting a promising target for anti-HSV-1 therapies in the replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Qin
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedical Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedical Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shimin Lin
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedical Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedical Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedical Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyan Jia
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedical Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedical Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaisheng Liu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedical Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedical Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, El-Saber Batiha G. The possible role of ursolic acid in Covid-19: A real game changer. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:414-417. [PMID: 35063236 PMCID: PMC8724013 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic terpenoid is usually found in the fruit peels and stem bark as secondary metabolites. UA has antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic properties. UA has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities against different infections. Because of the greatest antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of UA, so it could be a plausible therapeutic herbal medicine in Covid-19 treatment. Covid-19 is a recent worldwide virulent disease pandemic due to severe acute respiratory coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is related to the direct cytopathic effect and exaggerated immune response by which acute lung injury (ALI) and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome might be developed in critical cases. UA may inhibit main protease of SARS-CoV-2, and inhibits the interface flanked by SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and its entry point commonly recognized as angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In addition, UA attenuates SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress. Therefore, UA could avert SARS-CoV-2 infection from causing ALI. This opinion proposed that UA might be a potential candidate therapy against Covid-19 and can mitigate post-Covid-19 complications such as lung fibrosis. In this regards, forthcoming studies are reasonable to substantiate the therapeutic role of UA in Covid-19. However, taken into account that Covid-19 is yet to be investigating for further evaluations, therefore, clinical trials are recommended regarding use and dose of UA in Covid-19 treatment, as well as secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine and Therapeutic, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine and Therapeutic, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemotherapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El Beheira, Egypt.
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Lin TL, Cheng C, Zeng WT, Duan F, Pei YH, Liu XP, Shang F, Wu KL. Anti-viral activity of Staphylococcus aureus lysates against herpes simplex virus type-I infection: an in vitro and in vivo study. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1463-1472. [PMID: 34667721 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aures) lysates (SALs) on herpes simplex virus type-I (HSV1) infection in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells and in a mouse model of HSV1 keratitis. METHODS HCE, Vero, HeLa, and BV2 cells were infected with HSV1 [HSV1 f strain, HSV1f; HSV-1-H129 with green fluorescent protein (GFP) knock-in, HSV1g]. Pre- or post-infection, SAL at various concentrations was added to the culture medium for 24h. GFP fluorescence in HSV1g or plaque formation by HSV1f were examined. The effects of heat-treated SAL, precooled acetone-precipitated SAL, and SAL subjected to ultrafiltration (100 kDa) were evaluated. The effects of other bacterial components and lysates on HSV1 infection were also tested, including lipoteichoic acid (LTA), peptidoglycan (PGN), staphylococcal protein A (SPA), and α-hemolysin from S. aureus (α-toxin) as well as lysates from a wild-type S. aureus strain, S. epidermidis, and Escherichia coli (W-SAL, SEL, and ECL, respectively). In addition, SAL eye drops were applied topically to BALB/c mice with HSV1 keratitis, followed by in vivo observations. RESULTS The cytopathic effect, plaque formation (HSV1f), and GFP expression (HSV1g) in infected cells were inhibited by SAL in a dose-dependent manner. The active component of SAL (≥100 kDa) was heat-sensitive and retained activity after acetone precipitation. In HSV1g-infected cells, treatment with LTA-sa, α-toxin, PGN-sa, or SPA did not inhibit GFP expression. SAL, W-SAL, and SEL (but not ECL) decreased GFP expression. In mice with HSV1 keratitis, SAL reduced corneal lesions by 71%. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that SAL can be used to inhibit HSV1 infection, particularly keratitis. Further studies are needed to determine the active components and mechanism underlying the effects of SAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Lan Lin
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Ting Zeng
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fang Duan
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yin-Hui Pei
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Liu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fu Shang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kai-Li Wu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
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Das B, Dolai M, Ghosh A, Dhara A, Mahapatra AD, Chattopadhyay D, Mabhai S, Jana A, Dey S, Misra A. A bio-compatible pyridine-pyrazole hydrazide based compartmental receptor for Al 3+ sensing and its application in cell imaging. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4266-4279. [PMID: 34591947 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00963j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
For practical applications, the development of bio-compatible organic molecules as p-block ion chemosensors is critical. Herein, we report the single crystal (SC) of new pyridine-pyrazole derived Al3+ sensor H2PPC [(Z)-N'-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-5-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide] as well as its Cu-complex SC. The probe exhibits an "off-on" fluorescence response towards Al3+ ions, and this has been modulated with different solvents. For selective detection of Al3+ ions, a special coordination pocket in the structural backbone is advantageous. The chemosensor exhibits a submicromolar detection level (LOD = 4.78 μM) for Al3+. The density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations of H2PPC and [Al(HPP)2]+ (1) reveal that a change of the structural conformation of probe H2PPC upon complexation causes the pyrazole and pyridine units to create a specific cavity to tether Al3+, and consequently H2PPC proves to be a promising molecule for Al3+ detection. Furthermore, the probe has been successfully used to evaluate Al3+ as a low-cost kit using filter paper strips, and the in situ Al3+ ion imaging in Vero cells as well as A549 cell lines shows the sensor's nuclear envelope penetrability, indicating that it has great potential for biological and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhriguram Das
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Purba Medinipur, 721636, India.
| | - Malay Dolai
- Department of Chemistry, Prabhat Kumar College, Contai, Purba Medinipur, 721404, West Bengal, India
| | - Avijit Ghosh
- Center for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Technology Campus, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Anamika Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Hiralal Mazumdar Memorial College for Women, Dakshineswar, North 24 Parganas, Kolkata 700035, India
| | - Ananya Das Mahapatra
- ICMR-Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57 Dr Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57 Dr Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 59001, Karnataka, India
| | - Subhabrata Mabhai
- Department of Chemistry, Mahishadal Raj College, Purba Medinipur, 721628, India
| | - Atanu Jana
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea.
| | - Satyajit Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Purba Medinipur, 721636, India.
| | - Ajay Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India.
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Sharma P, Shri R, Ntie-Kang F, Kumar S. Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Perspectives of Ehretia laevis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123489. [PMID: 34201193 PMCID: PMC8228998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ehretia laevis Roxb. (Boraginaceae) has been extensively used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of a diverse range of ailments related to the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal tract, the reproductive system, and against several infections. This review critically assesses and documents, for the first time, the fragmented information on E. laevis, including its botanical description, folklore uses, bioactive phyto metabolites and pharmacological activities. The goal is to explore this plant therapeutically. Ethnomedicinal surveys reveal that E. laevis has been used by tribal communities in Asian countries for the treatment of various disorders. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical investigations of E. laevis showed the presence of important phytoconstituents such as pentacyclic triterpenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids, steroids, alkaloids, aliphatic alcohols, hydrocarbons, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Fresh plant parts, crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds have been reported to exhibit broad spectrum of therapeutic activities viz., antioxidant, antiarthritic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, wound healing and anti-infective activities. E. laevis is shown to be an excellent potential source of drugs for the mitigation of jaundice, asthma, dysentery, ulcers, diarrhea, ringworm, eczema, diabetes, fissure, syphilis, cuts and wounds, inflammation, liver problems, venereal and infectious disorders. Although few investigations authenticated its traditional uses but employed uncharacterized crude extracts of the plant, the major concerns raised are reproducibility of therapeutic efficacy and safety of plant material. The outcomes of limited pharmacological screening and reported bioactive compounds of E. laevis suggest that there is an urgent need for in-depth pharmacological investigations of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India or (P.S.); (R.S.)
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India or (P.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
- Institute for Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.N.-K.); (S.K.)
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India or (P.S.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.N.-K.); (S.K.)
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Mondal J, Das Mahapatra A, Mandal KC, Chattopadhyay D. An extract of Stephania hernandifolia, an ethnomedicinal plant, inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 entry. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2187-2198. [PMID: 34041610 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stephania hernandifolia (Nimukho), an ethnomedicinal herb from rural Bengal, has been used traditionally for the management of nerve, skin, urinary, and digestive ailments. Here, we attempted to confirm the antiviral potential of aqueous, methanol, and chloroform extracts of S. hernandifolia against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), the causative agent of orolabial herpes in humans, and decipher its underlying mechanism of action. The bioactive extract was standardized and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, while cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were evaluated by MTT and plaque reduction assay, respectively. Two HSV strains, HSV-1F and the clinical isolate VU-09, were inhibited by the chloroform extract (CE) with a median effective concentration (EC50) of 4.32 and 4.50 µg/ml respectively, with a selectivity index (SI) of 11. Time-of-addition assays showed that pre-treatment of virus-infected cells with the CE and its removal before infection reduced the number of plaques without lasting toxicity to the cell, indicating that the CE affected the early stage in the viral life cycle. The number of plaques was also reduced by direct inactivation of virions and by the addition of CE for a short time following attachment of virions. These results together suggest that modification of either the virion surface or the cell surface by the CE inhibits virus entry into the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Mondal
- ICMR-NICED Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital, GB-4, First Floor, 57 Dr. Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Das Mahapatra
- ICMR-NICED Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital, GB-4, First Floor, 57 Dr. Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Keshab C Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-NICED Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital, GB-4, First Floor, 57 Dr. Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India.
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, India.
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Umashankar V, Deshpande SH, Hegde HV, Singh I, Chattopadhyay D. Phytochemical Moieties From Indian Traditional Medicine for Targeting Dual Hotspots on SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: An Integrative in-silico Approach. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:672629. [PMID: 34026798 PMCID: PMC8137902 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.672629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection across the world has led to immense turbulence in the treatment modality, thus demanding a swift drug discovery process. Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 receptor of human to initiate host invasion. Plethora of studies demonstrate the inhibition of Spike-ACE2 interactions to impair infection. The ancient Indian traditional medicine has been of great interest of Virologists worldwide to decipher potential antivirals. Hence, in this study, phytochemicals (1,952 compounds) from eight potential medicinal plants used in Indian traditional medicine were meticulously collated, based on their usage in respiratory disorders, along with immunomodulatory and anti-viral potential from contemporary literature. Further, these compounds were virtually screened against Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of Spike protein. The potential compounds from each plant were prioritized based on the binding affinity, key hotspot interactions at ACE2 binding region and glycosylation sites. Finally, the potential hits in complex with spike protein were subjected to Molecular Dynamics simulation (450 ns), to infer the stability of complex formation. Among the compounds screened, Tellimagrandin-II (binding energy of −8.2 kcal/mol and binding free energy of −32.08 kcal/mol) from Syzygium aromaticum L. and O-Demethyl-demethoxy-curcumin (binding energy of −8.0 kcal/mol and binding free energy of −12.48 kcal/mol) from Curcuma longa L. were found to be highly potential due to their higher binding affinity and significant binding free energy (MM-PBSA), along with favorable ADMET properties and stable intermolecular interactions with hotspots (including the ASN343 glycosylation site). The proposed hits are highly promising, as these are resultant of stringent in silico checkpoints, traditionally used, and are documented through contemporary literature. Hence, could serve as promising leads for subsequent experimental validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Umashankar
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Belagavi, India
| | - Sanjay H Deshpande
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Belagavi, India
| | - Harsha V Hegde
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Belagavi, India
| | - Ishwar Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Belagavi, India
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Belagavi, India
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Palit P, Chattopadhyay D, Thomas S, Kundu A, Kim HS, Rezaei N. Phytopharmaceuticals mediated Furin and TMPRSS2 receptor blocking: can it be a potential therapeutic option for Covid-19? PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153396. [PMID: 33380375 PMCID: PMC7591300 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) outbreak creates global panic across the continents, as people from almost all countries and territories have been affected by this highly contagious viral disease. The scenario is deteriorating due to lack of proper & specific target-oriented pharmacologically safe prophylactic agents or drugs, and or any effective vaccine. drug development is urgently required to back in the normalcy in the community and to combat this pandemic. PURPOSE Thus, we have proposed two novel drug targets, Furin and TMPRSS2, as Covid-19 treatment strategy. We have highlighted this target-oriented novel drug delivery strategy, based on their pathophysiological implication on SARS-CoV-2 infection, as evident from earlier SARS-CoV-1, MERS, and influenza virus infection via host cell entry, priming, fusion, and endocytosis. STUDY DESIGN & METHODS: An earlier study suggested that Furin and TMPRSS2 knockout mice had reduced level of viral load and a lower degree of organ damage such as the lung. The present study thus highlights the promise of some selected novel and potential anti-viral Phytopharmaceutical that bind to Furin and TMPRSS2 as target. RESULT Few of them had shown promising anti-viral response in both preclinical and clinical study with acceptable therapeutic safety-index. CONCLUSION Hence, this strategy may limit life-threatening Covid-19 infection and its mortality rate through nano-suspension based intra-nasal or oral nebulizer spray, to treat mild to moderate SARS-COV-2 infection when Furin and TMPRSS2 receptor may initiate to express and activate for processing the virus to cause cellular infection by replication within the host cell and blocking of host-viral interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Palit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, Assam-788011 India.
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, India; ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala 686 560, India.
| | - Amit Kundu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14194, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ti H, Zhuang Z, Yu Q, Wang S. Progress of Plant Medicine Derived Extracts and Alkaloids on Modulating Viral Infections and Inflammation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1385-1408. [PMID: 33833499 PMCID: PMC8020337 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s299120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases are serious threats to human health in both developing and developed countries. Although there is the continued development of new drugs from synthetic sources as antiviral agents, medicinal plants continue to provide the basic raw materials for some of the most important antiviral drugs. Alkaloids are a class of pharmacologically active plant compounds that are usually alkaline in nature. In this review, we tried to summarize recent progress in herb-based antiviral research, the advantages of using active plant compounds as antiviral agents, and the inflammatory responses initiated by alkaloids, based on the literature from 2009 to 2019, for the treatment of conditions, including influenza, human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus infections. Articles are retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using relevant keywords. In particular, the alkaloids from medicinal plants responsible for the molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory actions are identified and discussed. This review can provide a theoretical basis and approaches for using various alkaloids as antiviral treatments. More research is needed to develop alkaloidal compounds as antiviral therapeutic agents and potential regulators of the anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ti
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixi Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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Badria FA, Abdelaziz AE, Hassan AH, Elgazar AA, Mazyed EA. Development of Provesicular Nanodelivery System of Curcumin as a Safe and Effective Antiviral Agent: Statistical Optimization, In Vitro Characterization, and Antiviral Effectiveness. Molecules 2020; 25:E5668. [PMID: 33271831 PMCID: PMC7731007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural compound that has many medical applications. However, its low solubility and poor stability could impede its clinical applications. The present study aimed to formulate dry proniosomes to overcome these pitfalls and improve the therapeutic efficacy of Curcumin. Curcumin-loaded proniosomes were fabricated by the slurry method according to 32 factorial design using Design-Expert software to demonstrate the impact of different independent variables on entrapment efficiency (EE%) and % drug released after 12 h (Q12h). The optimized formula (F5) was selected according to the desirability criteria. F5 exhibited good flowability and appeared, after reconstitution, as spherical nanovesicles with EE% of 89.94 ± 2.31% and Q12h of 70.89 ± 1.62%. F5 demonstrated higher stability and a significant enhancement of Q12h than the corresponding niosomes. The docking study investigated the ability of Curcumin to bind effectively with the active site of DNA polymerase of Herpes simplex virus (HSV). The antiviral activity and the safety of F5 were significantly higher than Curcumin. F5 improved the safety of Acyclovir (ACV) and reduced its effective dose that produced a 100% reduction of viral plaques. Proniosomes could be promising stable carriers of Curcumin to be used as a safe and efficient antiviral agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid A. Badria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Abdelaziz E. Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Amira H. Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Abdullah A. Elgazar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Eman A. Mazyed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
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Das B, Jana A, Mahapatra AD, Chattopadhyay D, Dhara A, Mabhai S, Dey S. Fluorescein derived Schiff base as fluorimetric zinc (II) sensor via 'turn on' response and its application in live cell imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 212:222-231. [PMID: 30641362 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel Schiff base L composed of fluorescein hydrazine and a phenol functionalized moiety has been designed and prepared via cost-effective condensation reaction. The L is utilized for selective sensing of Zn2+ over other environmental and biological relevant metal ions in aqueous alcoholic solution under physiological pH range. The binding of Zn2+ to the receptor L is found to causes ~23 fold fluorescence enhancement of L. The 1:1 binding mode of the metal complex is established by combined UV-Vis, fluorescence, and HRMS (high-resolution mass spectroscopy) spectroscopic methods. The binding constant (Ka) for complexation and the limit of detection (LOD) of Zn2+ is calculated to be 2.86 × 104 M-1 and 1.59 μM, respectively. Further photophysical investigations including steady-state, time-resolved fluorescence analysis and spectral investigations including NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), IR (infrared spectroscopy) suggest introduction of CHEF (chelation enhance fluorescence) with the suppression of CN isomerization and PET (photo-induced electron transfer) mechanism for the strong fluorescent response towards Zn2+. Finally, the sensor L is successfully employed to monitor a real-time detection of Zn2+ by means of TLC (thin layer chromatography) based paper strip. The L is used in the cell imaging study using African green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells) for the determination of exogenous Zn2+ by Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhriguram Das
- Department of Chemistry, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721636, India
| | - Atanu Jana
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea.
| | - Ananya Das Mahapatra
- ICMR-Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57 Dr Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57 Dr Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India; ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Anamika Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhabrata Mabhai
- Department of Chemistry, Mahishadal Raj College, Purba Medinipur, Mahishadal, West Bengal 721628, India
| | - Satyajit Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721636, India.
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Purkait R, Mahapatra AD, Chattopadhyay D, Sinha C. An azine-based carbothioamide chemosensor for selective and sensitive turn-on-off sequential detection of Zn(II) and H 2PO 4-, live cell imaging and INHIBIT logic gate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 207:164-172. [PMID: 30227347 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazino-carbothioamide, 1, serves as a turn-on fluorescent chemosensor to Zn2+ and the mixture shows green emission (λem 492) in presence of large number of ions with impressive limit of detection (LOD), 0.59 nM. Intense fluorescence of Zn-complex is selectively turn-off upon adding H2PO4- only to the limit of detection, 26 μM, while other anions remain silent. The sensing mechanism of 1 is established by suppressing the ESIPT of 1 and complexation with Zn2+ (CHEF) is supported by Job's plot, 1H NMR, and HR-MS data. Turn-on-off sequential detection of Zn2+ and H2PO4- also have successfully been employed for the engineering of INHIBIT molecular logic gate. The sensor is non-toxic and has been used in identifying Zn2+ in the intracellular region of African green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Purkait
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Ananya Das Mahapatra
- ICMR Virus Unit, Infectious Diseases & Beliaghata General Hospital, GB-4, 57, S. C. Bannerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, India
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR Virus Unit, Infectious Diseases & Beliaghata General Hospital, GB-4, 57, S. C. Bannerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, India
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Abstract
The viral infection and resistance to the existing antiviral drugs are alarming, which is a serious public health concern. Medicinal plants are valuable resources for treatment of viral infections and can be used for the management of infections like herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, etc. The antiviral screening of plant extracts should be highly selective, specific, and sensitive for bioactivity guided isolation of the active compounds from the plant extracts. The antiviral screening system should be validated for accuracy, reproducibility, simplicity, and cost effectiveness. This chapter highlights on various aspects for screening and evaluation of antiviral natural components including factors affecting antiviral in vivo studies, host cells, organisms, and culture media followed by different virus-specific assays for antiviral screening of natural products.
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20
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Yuanita E, Dwi Pranowo H, Siswanta D, Tri Swasono R, Mustofa M, Zulkarnain AK, Syahri J, Jumina J. One-Pot Synthesis, Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity Evaluation of Some Hydroxyxanthones. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht12.03.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Halder A, Das S, Ojha D, Chattopadhyay D, Mukherjee A. Highly monodispersed gold nanoparticles synthesis and inhibition of herpes simplex virus infections. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 89:413-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sahu N, Mondal S, Naskar K, Mahapatra AD, Gupta S, Slawin AM, Chattopadhyay D, Sinha C. Spectroscopic characterization, antimicrobial activity and molecular docking study of novel azo-imine functionalized sulphamethoxazoles. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yin J, Liu C, Shen Y, Zhang H, Cao J. Efficacy of ursolic acid against Echinococcus granulosus in vitro and in a murine infection model. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:58. [PMID: 29368624 PMCID: PMC5784668 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis is a global public health problem; however, the drugs (albendazole and mebendazole) currently recommended by WHO for its treatment, have limited efficacy. Therefore, novel drugs are required to provide more choices for the treatment of this disease. METHODS The anthelmintic effects of ursolic acid (UA) were tested on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces, germinal cells and metacestodes in vitro. The in vivo efficacy of UA was investigated in mice following secondary infection with E. granulosus. Furthermore, the corresponding ultrastructural damage induced by UA was evaluated by electron microscopy. RESULTS In vitro, 45.95 ± 5.30% of protoscoleces were killed by UA at 40 μg/ml, while the growth of more than 90% of germinal cells was inhibited by UA at 10 to 40 μg/ml. The same effect was observed in metacestodes 7 days after treatment with UA at 10, 20 and 40 μg/ml, and more than 50% of metacestodes showed loss of integrity at the end of the experiment. In vivo, metacestode weight was significantly reduced following oral administration of UA at 200 and 100 mg/kg (39.5 and 38.3%, respectively). Additionally, ultrastructural damage, such as alternations in germinal cell morphology and formation of vacuoles and lipid granules were observed in parasites treated with UA in vitro, while detachment of the germinal layer from the laminated layer was also seen in metacestodes in vivo. CONCLUSIONS UA was demonstrated to exert parasiticidal activity against E. granulosus in vitro and in vivo, thus implicating UA as a potential anti-echinococcosis agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhai Yin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai, 200025 China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Congshan Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai, 200025 China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Yujuan Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai, 200025 China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Haobing Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai, 200025 China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai, 200025 China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
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Akram M, Tahir IM, Shah SMA, Mahmood Z, Altaf A, Ahmad K, Munir N, Daniyal M, Nasir S, Mehboob H. Antiviral potential of medicinal plants against HIV, HSV, influenza, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2018; 32:811-822. [PMID: 29356205 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are being managed therapeutically through available antiviral regimens with unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. The refractory viral infections resistant to available antiviral drugs are alarming threats and a serious health concern. For viral hepatitis, the interferon and vaccine therapies solely are not ultimate solutions due to recurrence of hepatitis C virus. Owing to the growing incidences of viral infections and especially of resistant viral strains, the available therapeutic modalities need to be improved, complemented with the discovery of novel antiviral agents to combat refractory viral infections. It is widely accepted that medicinal plant heritage is nature gifted, precious, and fueled with the valuable resources for treatment of metabolic and infectious disorders. The aims of this review are to assemble the facts and to conclude the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants in the eradication and management of various viral diseases such as influenza, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), hepatitis, and coxsackievirus infections, which have been proven in diverse clinical studies. The articles, published in the English language since 1982 to 2017, were included from Web of Science, Cochrane Library, AMED, CISCOM, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, and PubMed by using relevant keywords including plants possessing antiviral activity, the antiviral effects of plants, and plants used in viral disorders. The scientific literature mainly focusing on plant extracts and herbal products with therapeutic efficacies against experimental models of influenza, HIV, HSV, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus were included in the study. Pure compounds possessing antiviral activity were excluded, and plants possessing activity against viruses other than viruses in inclusion criteria were excluded. Hundreds of plant extracts with antiviral effect were recognized. However, the data from only 36 families investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies met the inclusion criteria of this review. The inferences from scientific literature review, focusing on potential therapeutic consequences of medicinal plants on experimental models of HIV, HSV, influenza, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus have ascertained the curative antiviral potential of plants. Fifty-four medicinal plants belonging to 36 different families having antiviral potential were documented. Out of 54 plants, 27 individually belong to particular plant families. On the basis of the work of several independent research groups, the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against listed common viral diseases in the region has been proclaimed. In this context, the herbal formulations as alternative medicine may contribute to the eradication of complicated viral infection significantly. The current review consolidates the data of the various medicinal plants, those are Sambucus nigra, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, and Hypericum connatum, holding promising specific antiviral activities scientifically proven through studies on experimental animal models. Consequently, the original research addressing the development of novel nutraceuticals based on listed medicinal plants is highly recommended for the management of viral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahed Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Awais Altaf
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Ahmad
- Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Suhaila Nasir
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Mehboob
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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25
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Rajtar B, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Świątek Ł, Stec A, Boguszewska A, Polz-Dacewicz M. Antiviral effect of compounds derived from Angelica archangelica L. on Herpes simplex virus-1 and Coxsackievirus B3 infections. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:1026-1031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Patra C, Sen C, Mahapatra AD, Chattopadhyay D, Mahapatra A, Sinha C. Pyridylthioether-hydroxycoumarin Schiff base as selective Zn 2+ fluorescence sensor, application in life cell imaging and uses of resulting complex as secondary probe for ATP sensing. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Srinivasan R, Natarajan D, Shivakumar MS. Spectral characterization and antibacterial activity of an isolated compound from Memecylon edule leaves. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2017; 168:20-24. [PMID: 28152388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Memecylon edule Roxb. (Melastamataceae family) is a small evergreen tree reported as having ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties. The present study was aimed to investigate the spectral characterization and antibacterial activity of isolated pure compound (3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (ursolic acid)) from Memecylon edule leaves by performing bioassay guided isolation method. The structure derivation of isolated compound was done by different spectral studies like UV, FT-IR, LC-MS, CHNS analysis, 1D (1H, 13C and DEPT-135) and 2D-NMR (HSQC and HMBC), respectively. About 99.29% purity of the compound was found in LC analysis. 1H NMR spectrum results of compound shown 48 protons appear at different shielded region and most of the protons were present in aliphatic region. Whereas, 13C NMR spectral data resulted seven methyl carbons (CH3), nine methylene carbons (CH2), seven methine carbons (CH) and six non-hydrogenated carbons (C) which are characteristic of pentacyclic triterpene. The isolated pure compound was tested for its antibacterial properties against targeted human pathogens by performing agar well diffusion, MIC and MBC assays and the result exhibits better growth inhibitory effects against S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae, with the MIC values of 1.56 and 3.15μg/ml. The outcome of this study suggests that the bioactive compound is used for development of plant based drugs in pharmaceutical industry for combating microbial mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, 637 215 Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Natarajan
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M S Shivakumar
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
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28
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Thai TH, Hai NT, Hien NT, Ha CTT, Cuong NT, Binh PT, Dang NH, Dat NT. Cytotoxic Constituents of Mallotus Microcarpus. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new 3-methoxybenzensulfonic acid 4- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), and ten known compounds (2–11) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the stems of Mallotus microcarpus. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated by the MTT method. 3-Methoxybenzensulfonic acid 4- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and methyl salicylate 2-rutinoside (5) showed strong cytotoxicity against EGFR-TKI-resistant human lung cancer A549 cells in comparison with camptothecin. Compound 1, leonuriside A (2), 3,4'-dihydroxypropiophenone 3- O-glucoside (6) and (1 R,2 S)-hovetrichoside A (10) inhibited the growth of human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line with IC50 values in the range of 0.48–1.78 μM. This is the first report on the chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of M. microcarpus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Huy Thai
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hai
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tan Trao University, Yen Son District, Tuyen Quang, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hien
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chu Thị Thu Ha
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen The Cuong
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thanh Binh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hai Dang
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Dat
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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29
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Das K, Patra C, Sen C, Datta A, Massera C, Garribba E, El Fallah MS, Beyene BB, Hung CH, Sinha C, Askun T, Celikboyun P, Escudero D, Frontera A. EPR interpretation, magnetism and biological study of a Cu(II) dinuclear complex assisted by a schiff base precursor. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 22:481-495. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Silva-Mares D, Torres-López E, Rivas-Galindo VM. Antiherpetic Plants: A Review of Active Extracts, Isolated Compounds, and Bioassays. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex is a disease that is widely distributed throughout the world. It is caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The drugs of choice for treatment are acyclovir (ACV), Penciclovir (PCV) and other guanine analogues, which have the same mechanism of action. However, due to the constant increase of ACV-resistant strains in immunocompromised patients, it is necessary to find new treatment alternatives. It has been shown that natural products are a good alternative for the treatment of these diseases as well as being an excellent source of compounds with anti-herpetic activity, which may be useful for the development of new drugs and act through a mechanism of action different from ACV and PCV. This paper compiles reports on extracts and compounds isolated from plants that have anti-herpetic activity. We present an analysis of the solvents most widely used for extraction from plants as well as cells and commonly used methods for evaluating cytotoxic and anti-herpetic activity. Families that have a higher number of plants with anti-herpetic activity are evaluated, and we also highlight the importance of studies of mechanisms of action of extracts and compounds with anti-herpetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Silva-Mares
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey Nuevo León, México. C.P. 64460
| | - Ernesto Torres-López
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey Nuevo León, México. C.P. 64460
| | - Verónica M. Rivas-Galindo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey Nuevo León, México. C.P. 64460
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31
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Patra C, Bhanja AK, Sen C, Ojha D, Chattopadhyay D, Mahapatra A, Sinha C. Imine-functionalized thioether Zn(ii) turn-on fluorescent sensor and its selective sequential logic operations with H2PO4−, DFT computation and live cell imaging. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07089b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioether Schiff base (H2L), a nontoxic Zn2+-sensor (LOD, 0.050 μM) has shown selective ON–OFF emission following INHIBIT logic circuit with H2PO4−and useful agent for the identification of Zn2+and H2PO4−in intracellular fluid in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjit Patra
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | | | - Chandana Sen
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Durbadal Ojha
- ICMR Virus Unit
- Infectious Diseases & Beliaghata General Hospital
- Kolkata-700 010
- India
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32
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Patra C, Bhanja AK, Mahapatra A, Mishra S, Saha KD, Sinha C. Coumarinyl thioether Schiff base as a turn-on fluorescent Zn(ii) sensor and the complex as chemosensor for the selective recognition of ATP, along with its application in whole cell imaging. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12369d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A Zn2+ sensor, coumarinyl thioether Schiff base shows the LOD 0.068 μM. The fluorogenic complex, [ZnL] recognizes ATP in presence of other anions and the LOD, 6.7 μM, is the lowest in literature. Ligand is used for fluorescence cell imaging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjit Patra
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | | | | | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
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33
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Woźniak Ł, Skąpska S, Marszałek K. Ursolic Acid--A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid with a Wide Spectrum of Pharmacological Activities. Molecules 2015; 20:20614-41. [PMID: 26610440 PMCID: PMC6332387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural terpene compound exhibiting many pharmaceutical properties. In this review the current state of knowledge about the health-promoting properties of this widespread, biologically active compound, as well as information about its occurrence and biosynthesis are presented. Particular attention has been paid to the application of ursolic acid as an anti-cancer agent; it is worth noticing that clinical tests suggesting the possibility of practical use of UA have already been conducted. Amongst other pharmacological properties of UA one can mention protective effect on lungs, kidneys, liver and brain, anti-inflammatory properties, anabolic effects on skeletal muscles and the ability to suppress bone density loss leading to osteoporosis. Ursolic acid also exhibits anti-microbial features against numerous strains of bacteria, HIV and HCV viruses and Plasmodium protozoa causing malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Woźniak
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Skąpska
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krystian Marszałek
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
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Ojha D, Das R, Sobia P, Dwivedi V, Ghosh S, Samanta A, Chattopadhyay D. Pedilanthus tithymaloides Inhibits HSV Infection by Modulating NF-κB Signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139338. [PMID: 26405764 PMCID: PMC4583282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (PT), a widely used ethnomedicinal plant, has been employed to treat a number of skin conditions. To extend its utility and to fully exploit its medicinal potential, we have evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of a methanolic extract of PT leaves and its isolated compounds against Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2). Bioactivity-guided studies revealed that the extract and one of its constituents, luteolin, had potent antiviral activity against wild-type and clinical isolates of HSV-2 (EC50 48.5–52.6 and 22.4–27.5 μg/ml, respectively), with nearly complete inhibition at 86.5–101.8 and 40.2–49.6 μg/ml, respectively. The inhibitory effect was significant (p<0.001) when the drug was added 2 h prior to infection, and was effective up to 4 h post-infection. As viral replication requires NF-κB activation, we examined whether the observed extract-induced inhibition of HSV-2 was related to NF-κB inhibition. Interestingly, we observed that treatment of HSV-2-infected cells with extract or luteolin suppressed NF-κB activation. Although NF-κB, JNK and MAPK activation was compromised during HSV replication, neither the extract nor luteolin affected HSV-2-induced JNK1/2 and MAPK activation. Moreover, the PT leaf extract and luteolin potently down-regulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, NO and iNOS and the production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), which are directly involved in controlling the NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, our results indicate that both PT leaf extract and luteolin modulate the NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in the inhibition of HSV-2 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durbadal Ojha
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital, General Block 4, 57 Dr Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Rashmi Das
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital, General Block 4, 57 Dr Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Parveen Sobia
- Department of Microbiology, College of Cell Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Vedprakash Dwivedi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Cell Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Soma Ghosh
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital, General Block 4, 57 Dr Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja SC Mallick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amalesh Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja SC Mallick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital, General Block 4, 57 Dr Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
- * E-mail:
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35
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Jesus JA, Lago JHG, Laurenti MD, Yamamoto ES, Passero LFD. Antimicrobial activity of oleanolic and ursolic acids: an update. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:620472. [PMID: 25793002 PMCID: PMC4352472 DOI: 10.1155/2015/620472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are the most representative group of phytochemicals, as they comprise more than 20,000 recognized molecules. These compounds are biosynthesized in plants via squalene cyclization, a C30 hydrocarbon that is considered to be the precursor of all steroids. Due to their low hydrophilicity, triterpenes were considered to be inactive for a long period of time; however, evidence regarding their wide range of pharmacological activities is emerging, and elegant studies have highlighted these activities. Several triterpenic skeletons have been described, including some that have presented with pentacyclic features, such as oleanolic and ursolic acids. These compounds have displayed incontestable biological activity, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects, which were not included in a single review until now. Thus, the present review investigates the potential use of these triterpenes against human pathogens, including their mechanisms of action, via in vivo studies, and the future perspectives about the use of compounds for human or even animal health are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica A. Jesus
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenue Dr. Arnaldo 455, 06780-210 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Professor Artur Riedel 275, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G. Lago
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Professor Artur Riedel 275, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia D. Laurenti
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenue Dr. Arnaldo 455, 06780-210 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S. Yamamoto
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenue Dr. Arnaldo 455, 06780-210 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe D. Passero
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenue Dr. Arnaldo 455, 06780-210 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
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36
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Glutathione-garlic sulfur conjugates: slow hydrogen sulfide releasing agents for therapeutic applications. Molecules 2015; 20:1731-50. [PMID: 25608858 PMCID: PMC6272329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20011731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural organosulfur compounds (OSCs) from Allium sativum L. display antioxidant and chemo-sensitization properties, including the in vitro inhibition of tumor cell proliferation through the induction of apoptosis. Garlic water- and oil-soluble allyl sulfur compounds show distinct properties and the capability to inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. In the present study, we optimized a new protocol for the extraction of water-soluble compounds from garlic at low temperatures and the production of glutathionyl-OSC conjugates during the extraction. Spontaneously, Cys/GSH-mixed-disulfide conjugates are produced by in vivo metabolism of OSCs and represent active molecules able to affect cellular metabolism. Water-soluble extracts, with (GSGaWS) or without (GaWS) glutathione conjugates, were here produced and tested for their ability to release hydrogen sulfide (H2S), also in the presence of reductants and of thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase (TST) enzyme. Thus, the TST catalysis of the H2S-release from garlic OSCs and their conjugates has been investigated by molecular in vitro experiments. The antiproliferative properties of these extracts on the human T-cell lymphoma cell line, HuT 78, were observed and related to histone hyperacetylation and downregulation of GAPDH expression. Altogether, the results presented here pave the way for the production of a GSGaWS as new, slowly-releasing hydrogen sulfide extract for potential therapeutic applications.
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Bhanja AK, Patra C, Mondal S, Ojha D, Chattopadhyay D, Sinha C. An efficient vanillinyl Schiff base as a turn on fluorescent probe for zinc(ii) and cell imaging. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06193h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanillinyl Schiff base (H2L), a nontoxic probe and a fluorescent sensor to Zn2+, LOD 0.018 μM is used for living cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiranjit Patra
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Sudipa Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Durbadal Ojha
- ICMR Virus Unit
- Infectious Diseases & Beliaghata General Hospital
- Kolkata – 700 010
- India
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Chattopadhyay D, Ojha D, Mondal S, Goswami D. Validation of Antiviral Potential of Herbal Ethnomedicine. EVIDENCE-BASED VALIDATION OF HERBAL MEDICINE 2015. [PMCID: PMC7150199 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800874-4.00008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are the basis of treatment since the dawn of human civilization, and modern medicine has gradually developed, over the years, by scientific and observational efforts from traditional medicine. Today most of the synthetic drugs showed adverse and unacceptable side effects, however, impressive bioactivities with reduced toxicities were reported for many botanicals against several chronic or difficult-to-treat diseases. A whole range of viral diseases including human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Rabies, Dengue, and Herpes need effective drugs. Considerable research has been carried out on the pharmacognosy, chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutics of traditional medicines of diverse cultures, and many pharmaceutical companies have renewed their strategies for antiviral drug development where no effective drugs or vaccine exist. Thus, phytochemicals with antiviral potentials need to be studied in depth with standardization, chemical isolation, effectivity, molecular mechanism, along with in vivo toxicity and efficacy to reduce cost and time. This review will portray the scientific approaches and methodologies used for the development of antiviral leads from traditional medicines against selected genetically and functionally diverse viral infections.
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Ludwig B, Geib D, Haas C, Steingroewer J, Bley T, Muffler K, Ulber R. Whole-cell biotransformation of oleanolic acid by free and immobilized cells ofNocardia iowensis: Characterization of new metabolites. Eng Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ludwig
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Doris Geib
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Christiane Haas
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Juliane Steingroewer
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Bley
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Kai Muffler
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering; University of Applied Sciences Bingen; Bingen Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
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In Vitro Virucidal and Virustatic Properties of the Crude Extract of Cynodon dactylon against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:947589. [PMID: 24744959 PMCID: PMC3972871 DOI: 10.1155/2014/947589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro virustatic and virucidal tests of the crude extract of Cynodon dactylon against infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a cause of major devastating pig disease, were described. Crude extract of C. dactylon was prepared for cytotoxicity on tissue-culture cells that were used to measure virustatic and virucidal activities against PRRSV. Crude extract of C. dactylon at 0.78 mg/mL showed no cytotoxicity on the cell line, and at that concentration significantly inhibited replication of PRRSV as early as 24 hours post infection (hpi). C. dactylon also inactivated PRRSV as determined by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) compared to the control experiments. In summary, the present study may be among the earliest studies to describe virustatic and virucidal activities of C. dactylon crude extract against PRRSV in vitro. Extracts of C. dactylon may be useful for PRRSV control and prevention on pig farms.
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Karampuri S, Ojha D, Bag P, Chakravarty H, Bal C, Chattopadhyay D, Sharon A. Anti-HSV activity and mode of action study of α-pyrone carboxamides. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01303d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential anti-HSV lead candidate3d(EC50= 9.8 μg ml−1) and its possible binding mode to utilize cavity-A and cavity-B of viral enzyme HSV polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Karampuri
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology
- Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Durbadal Ojha
- ICMR Virus Unit
- ID & BG Hospital
- Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Paromita Bag
- ICMR Virus Unit
- ID & BG Hospital
- Kolkata 700010, India
| | | | - Chandralata Bal
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology
- Ranchi 835215, India
| | | | - Ashoke Sharon
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology
- Ranchi 835215, India
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Bag P, Ojha D, Mukherjee H, Halder UC, Mondal S, Chandra NS, Nandi S, Sharon A, Sarkar MC, Chakrabarti S, Chattopadhyay D. An indole alkaloid from a tribal folklore inhibits immediate early event in HSV-2 infected cells with therapeutic efficacy in vaginally infected mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77937. [PMID: 24167591 PMCID: PMC3805518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes genitalis, caused by HSV-2, is an incurable genital ulcerative disease transmitted by sexual intercourse. The virus establishes life-long latency in sacral root ganglia and reported to have synergistic relationship with HIV-1 transmission. Till date no effective vaccine is available, while the existing therapy frequently yielded drug resistance, toxicity and treatment failure. Thus, there is a pressing need for non-nucleotide antiviral agent from traditional source. Based on ethnomedicinal use we have isolated a compound 7-methoxy-1-methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (HM) from the traditional herb Ophiorrhiza nicobarica Balkr, and evaluated its efficacy on isolates of HSV-2 in vitro and in vivo. The cytotoxicity (CC50), effective concentrations (EC50) and the mode of action of HM was determined by MTT, plaque reduction, time-of-addition, immunofluorescence (IFA), Western blot, qRT-PCR, EMSA, supershift and co-immunoprecipitation assays; while the in vivo toxicity and efficacy was evaluated in BALB/c mice. The results revealed that HM possesses significant anti-HSV-2 activity with EC50 of 1.1-2.8 µg/ml, and selectivity index of >20. The time kinetics and IFA demonstrated that HM dose dependently inhibited 50-99% of HSV-2 infection at 1.5-5.0 µg/ml at 2-4 h post-infection. Further, HM was unable to inhibit viral attachment or penetration and had no synergistic interaction with acyclovir. Moreover, Western blot and qRT-PCR assays demonstrated that HM suppressed viral IE gene expression, while the EMSA and co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that HM interfered with the recruitment of LSD-1 by HCF-1. The in vivo studies revealed that HM at its virucidal concentration was nontoxic and reduced virus yield in the brain of HSV-2 infected mice in a concentration dependent manner, compared to vaginal tissues. Thus, our results suggest that HM can serve as a prototype to develop non-nucleotide antiviral lead targeting the viral IE transcription for the management of HSV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Bag
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Durbadal Ojha
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Supriya Mondal
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Suman Nandi
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Ashoke Sharon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Mamta Chawla Sarkar
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Sekhar Chakrabarti
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
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Ojha D, Mukherjee H, Ghosh S, Bag P, Mondal S, Chandra N, Mondal K, Samanta A, Chakrabarti S, Chattopadhyay D. Evaluation of anti-infective potential of a tribal folklore Odina wodier
Roxb against some selected microbes and herpes simplex virus associated with skin infection. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:1317-28. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Ojha
- CMR Virus Unit; I.D. & B.G. Hospital; Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - H. Mukherjee
- CMR Virus Unit; I.D. & B.G. Hospital; Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - S. Ghosh
- Division of Microbiology; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Jadavpur University; Kolkata India
| | - P. Bag
- CMR Virus Unit; I.D. & B.G. Hospital; Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - S. Mondal
- CMR Virus Unit; I.D. & B.G. Hospital; Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - N.S. Chandra
- CMR Virus Unit; I.D. & B.G. Hospital; Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - K.C. Mondal
- Department of Microbiology; Vidyasagar University; Medinipur India
| | - A. Samanta
- Division of Microbiology; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Jadavpur University; Kolkata India
| | - S. Chakrabarti
- CMR Virus Unit; I.D. & B.G. Hospital; Beliaghata Kolkata India
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Mukherjee H, Ojha D, Bag P, Chandel HS, Bhattacharyya S, Chatterjee TK, Mukherjee PK, Chakraborti S, Chattopadhyay D. Anti-herpes virus activities of Achyranthes aspera: an indian ethnomedicine, and its triterpene acid. Microbiol Res 2012; 168:238-44. [PMID: 23218996 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral potential of methanolic extract (ME) of Achyranthes aspera, an Indian folk medicine and one of its pure compound oleanolic acid (OA) against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). The ME possessed weak anti-herpes virus activity (EC50 64.4μg/ml for HSV-1 and 72.8μg/ml for HSV-2). While OA exhibited potent antiherpesvirus activity against both HSV-1 (EC50 6.8μg/ml) and HSV-2 (EC50 7.8μg/ml). The time response study revealed that the antiviral activity of ME and OA is highest at 2-6h post infection. The infected and drug-treated peritoneal macrophage at specific time showed increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL6 and IL12). Further, the PCR of DNA from infected cultures treated with ME and OA, at various time intervals, failed to show amplification at 48-72h, similar to that of HSV infected cells treated with acyclovir, indicating that the ME and OA probably inhibit the early stage of multiplication (post infection of 2-6h). Thus, our study demonstrated that ME and OA have good anti-HSV activity, with SI values of 12, suggesting the potential use of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanta Mukherjee
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital, GB-4, First Floor, 57 Dr Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, India
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