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Liow YJ, Kamimura I, Umezaki M, Suda W, Takayasu L. Dietary fiber induces a fat preference associated with the gut microbiota. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305849. [PMID: 38985782 PMCID: PMC11236109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Eating behavior is essential to human health. However, whether future eating behavior is subjected to the conditioning of preceding dietary composition is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary fiber consumption on subsequent nutrient-specific food preferences between palatable high-fat and high-sugar diets and explore its correlation with the gut microbiota. C57BL/6NJcl male mice were subjected to a 2-week dietary intervention and fed either a control (n = 6) or inulin (n = 6) diet. Afterward, all mice were subjected to a 3-day eating behavioral test to self-select from the simultaneously presented high-fat and high-sugar diets. The test diet feed intakes were recorded, and the mice's fecal samples were analyzed to evaluate the gut microbiota composition. The inulin-conditioned mice exhibited a preference for the high-fat diet over the high-sugar diet, associated with distinct gut microbiota composition profiles between the inulin-conditioned and control mice. The gut microbiota Oscillospiraceae sp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Clostridiales sp. positively correlated with a preference for fat. Further studies with fecal microbiota transplantation and eating behavior-related neurotransmitter analyses are warranted to establish the causal role of gut microbiota on host food preferences. Food preferences induced by dietary intervention are a novel observation, and the gut microbiome may be associated with this preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jia Liow
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Itsuka Kamimura
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Umezaki
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Lena Takayasu
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
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2
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Howard EJ, Meyer RK, Weninger SN, Martinez T, Wachsmuth HR, Pignitter M, Auñon-Lopez A, Kangath A, Duszka K, Gu H, Schiro G, Laubtiz D, Duca FA. Impact of Plant-Based Dietary Fibers on Metabolic Homeostasis in High-Fat Diet Mice via Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. J Nutr 2024; 154:2014-2028. [PMID: 38735572 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota contributes to metabolic disease, and diet shapes the gut microbiota, emphasizing the need to better understand how diet impacts metabolic disease via gut microbiota alterations. Fiber intake is linked with improvements in metabolic homeostasis in rodents and humans, which is associated with changes in the gut microbiota. However, dietary fiber is extremely heterogeneous, and it is imperative to comprehensively analyze the impact of various plant-based fibers on metabolic homeostasis in an identical setting and compare the impact of alterations in the gut microbiota and bacterially derived metabolites from different fiber sources. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of different plant-based fibers (pectin, β-glucan, wheat dextrin, resistant starch, and cellulose as a control) on metabolic homeostasis through alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. METHODS HFD-fed mice were supplemented with 5 different fiber types (pectin, β-glucan, wheat dextrin, resistant starch, or cellulose as a control) at 10% (wt/wt) for 18 wk (n = 12/group), measuring body weight, adiposity, indirect calorimetry, glucose tolerance, and the gut microbiota and metabolites. RESULTS Only β-glucan supplementation during HFD-feeding decreased adiposity and body weight gain and improved glucose tolerance compared with HFD-cellulose, whereas all other fibers had no effect. This was associated with increased energy expenditure and locomotor activity in mice compared with HFD-cellulose. All fibers supplemented into an HFD uniquely shifted the intestinal microbiota and cecal short-chain fatty acids; however, only β-glucan supplementation increased cecal butyrate concentrations. Lastly, all fibers altered the small-intestinal microbiota and portal bile acid composition. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that β-glucan consumption is a promising dietary strategy for metabolic disease, possibly via increased energy expenditure through alterations in the gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Howard
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rachel K Meyer
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Savanna N Weninger
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Taylor Martinez
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hallie R Wachsmuth
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arturo Auñon-Lopez
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Archana Kangath
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Gabriele Schiro
- PANDA Core for Genomics and Microbiome Research, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Daniel Laubtiz
- PANDA Core for Genomics and Microbiome Research, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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3
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Chand M, Chopra R, Talwar B, Homroy S, Singh PK, Dhiman A, Payyunni AW. Unveiling the potential of linseed mucilage, its health benefits, and applications in food packaging. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1334247. [PMID: 38385008 PMCID: PMC10879465 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1334247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Industrial waste products derived from the oil industry often contain valuable substances and elements with great potential. These by-products can be used for various purposes, including as nutrients, bioactive compounds, fuels, and polymers. Linseed mucilage (LM) is one such example of a beneficial by-product obtained from linseed. It possesses favorable chemical and functional properties, depending on its method of extraction. Different pretreatments, such as enzymatic extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pulse electric field, and ultrasound-assisted extraction, have been explored by various researchers to enhance both the yield and quality of mucilage. Furthermore, LM has exhibited therapeutic effects in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, constipation, hyperlipidemia, cancer, and other lifestyle diseases. Additionally, it demonstrates favorable functional characteristics that make it suitable to be used in bioplastic production. These properties preserve food quality, prolong shelf life, and confer antimicrobial activity. It also has the potential to be used as a packaging material, especially considering the increasing demand for sustainable and biodegradable alternatives to plastics because of their detrimental impact on environmental health. This review primarily focuses on different extraction techniques used for linseed mucilage, its mechanism of action in terms of health benefits, and potential applications in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chand
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Rajni Chopra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Binanshu Talwar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Snigdha Homroy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Singh
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Food Technology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Aishwarya Dhiman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Abdul Wahid Payyunni
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
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4
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Gomes AF, Viana ML, Vaz-Tostes MDG, Costa NMB. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) and kefir improved intestinal and bone health but without symbiotic benefits in rats. Nutr Res 2023; 118:85-93. [PMID: 37603903 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Kefir is a natural source of probiotics, and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a tuberous root rich in fructooligosaccharides, with prebiotic properties. We hypothesized that kefir and yacon can improve bone and intestinal health and that their synbiotic effects will enhance these benefits. The properties of yacon and kefir and their association were evaluated in the intestinal and bone health in rats. Forty Wistar male rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 10): control (C), kefir (K), yacon (Y), and yacon + kefir (YK) and received an AIN-93 M diet containing 50% of the daily recommendation of calcium for 42 days. Group K received 1 mL/day of kefir containing 10⁸ CFU/mL; group Y received yacon flour (5% fructooligosaccharides); and the YK group received the same treatment as the Y and K groups. Urine and feces were collected to determine the calcium balance. Serum biomarkers of bone formation and resorption, osteocalcin, N telopeptides of collagen type I and C-telopeptide of collagen type I, intraluminal pH, intestinal permeability, and secretory immunoglobulin A were evaluated. Yacon reduced intraluminal pH alone or in association with kefir (groups Y and YK). Yacon also improved intestinal permeability (lowered lactulose and mannitol excretion) and increased calcium balance and osteocalcin, a biomarker of bone formation. In turn, K improved immunity by increasing secretory immunoglobulin A secretion and reducing bone resorption biomarkers (C-telopeptide of collagen type I and N telopeptides of collagen type I). Thus, yacon and kefir had beneficial effects on intestinal and bone health; however, the association between them did not demonstrate a synbiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamares Ferreira Gomes
- Food Science and Technology Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Mirelle Lomar Viana
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa
- Food Science and Technology Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil.
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5
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Cholewińska E, Marzec A, Sołek P, Fotschki B, Listos P, Ognik K, Juśkiewicz J. The Effect of Copper Nanoparticles and a Different Source of Dietary Fibre in the Diet on the Integrity of the Small Intestine in the Rat. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071588. [PMID: 37049430 PMCID: PMC10096726 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis regarding the effect of recommended (6.5 mg/kg) or enhanced (13 mg/kg) level of CuNPs in the diet in combination with different types of dietary fibre—cellulose (control), inulin, pectin or psyllium—on selected biological parameters of intestinal integrity in rats. Rats were randomly divided into 10 groups. The first two groups were fed a control diet that contained cellulose, and a mineral mixture with standard or enhanced content of CuCO3. Experimental groups were fed a diet supplemented with CuNPs (6.5 or 13 mg/kg) and combined with different types of fibre (cellulose, pectin, inulin or psyllium). After the feeding period, blood and small intestine samples were collected for further analysis. Replacing CuCO3 by CuNPs in the diet positively reduced the level of lactic acid and apoptosis markers in the small intestine; however, it also resulted in the intensification of DNA oxidation. The most beneficial effect on DNA repair mechanisms is related to inulin, while pectin has the greatest ability to inhibit inflammatory processes that induce the apoptotic death of cells in the small intestine. Our results suggest that dietary fibre supplementation protects the small intestine against potentially harmful, oxidative effects of CuNPs by intensifying the intestinal barrier.
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6
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Rules for body fat interventions based on an operating point mechanism. iScience 2023; 26:106047. [PMID: 36818281 PMCID: PMC9929596 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventions to reduce fat are important for human health. However, they can have opposing effects such as exercise that decreases fat but increases food intake, or coherent effects such as leptin resistance which raises both. Furthermore, some interventions show an overshoot in food intake, such as recovery from a diet, whereas others do not. To explain these properties we present a graphical framework called the operating point model, based on leptin control of feeding behavior. Steady-state fat and food intake is given by the intersection of two experimental curves - steady-state fat at a given food intake and ad libitum food intake at a given fat level. Depending on which curve an intervention shifts, it has opposing or coherent effects with or without overshoot, in excellent agreement with rodent data. The model also explains the quadratic relation between leptin and fat in humans. These concepts may guide the understanding of fat regulation disorders.
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7
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Chen B, Shi Y, Zhang K, Chang Y, Fu P, Liu P, Zhang S. Inulin reduces liver triacylglycerol by increasing lipid droplet lipolysis in fat-loaded mice. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112226. [PMID: 36596155 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased consumption of high-fat low-fiber foods has been shown to contribute to the development of metabolic syndromes, such as fatty liver, obesity, diabetes, et al. Fermentable dietary fiber, such as inulin, is broadly used to mitigate host metabolic abnormalities. In this work, we studied systematically the effect of inulin on mice with metabolic disorders, induced by either short- or long-term high-fat feeding. As expected, inulin reduced the body weight of mice in both groups. However, it was found that inulin feeding could only increase energy expenditure, alleviate adiposity, and improve glucose intolerance in mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 1 month but not for 4 months. Surprisingly, inulin supplementation could alleviate HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, mediated through increasing adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) on liver lipid droplets, in both groups. Gut microbiota in the short- and long-term fat-loaded mice were shown to be modulated differently, which may mediate the differential effects of inulin. These results may help in understanding the role and mechanism of fermentable fiber regulating host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Pengcheng Fu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China.
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8
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Pectin in Metabolic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010157. [PMID: 36615814 PMCID: PMC9824118 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) are observed in nutritional liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and have been shown to be associated with the severity of both. Editing the composition of the microbiota by fecal microbiota transfer or by application of probiotics or prebiotics/fiber in rodent models and human proof-of-concept trials of NAFLD and ALD have demonstrated its possible contribution to reducing the progression of liver damage. In this review, we address the role of a soluble fiber, pectin, in reducing the development of liver injury in NAFLD and ALD through its impact on gut bacteria.
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9
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Bai Y, Gilbert RG. Mechanistic Understanding of the Effects of Pectin on In Vivo Starch Digestion: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235107. [PMID: 36501138 PMCID: PMC9740804 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type II diabetes are closely related to the rapid digestion of starch. Starch is the major food-energy source for most humans, and thus knowledge about the regulation of starch digestion can contribute to prevention and improved treatment of carbohydrate metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Pectins are plant polysaccharides with complex molecular structures and ubiquitous presence in food, and have diverse effects on starch digestion. Pectins can favorably regulate in vivo starch digestion and blood glucose level responses, and these effects are attributed to several reasons: increasing the viscosity of digesta, inhibiting amylase activity, and regulating some in vivo physiological responses. Pectins can influence starch digestion via multiple mechanisms simultaneously, in ways that are highly structure-dependent. Utilizing the multi-functionalities of pectin could provide more ways to design low glycemic-response food and while avoiding the unpalatable high viscosity in food by which is commonly caused by many other dietary fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeming Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G. Gilbert
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-4-1221-5144
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10
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Kabisch S, Weickert MO, Pfeiffer AFH. The role of cereal soluble fiber in the beneficial modulation of glycometabolic gastrointestinal hormones. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4331-4347. [PMID: 36382636 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2141190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
According to cohort studies, cereal fiber, and whole-grain products might decrease risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), inflammatory processes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. These associations, mainly affect insoluble, but not soluble cereal fiber. In intervention studies, soluble fiber elicit anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory short-term effects, partially explained by fermentation to short-chain fatty acids, which acutely counteract insulin resistance and inflammation. ß-glucans lower cholesterol levels and possibly reduce liver fat. Long-term benefits are not yet shown, maybe caused by T2DM heterogeneity, as insulin resistance and fatty liver disease - the glycometabolic points of action of soluble cereal fiber - are not present in every patient. Thus, only some patients might be susceptive to fiber. Also, incretin action in response to fiber could be a relevant factor for variable effects. Thus, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge from human studies on the impact of soluble cereal fiber on glycometabolic gastrointestinal hormones. Effects on GLP-1 appear to be highly contradictory, while these fibers might lower GIP and ghrelin, and increase PYY and CCK. Even though previous results of specific trials support a glycometabolic benefit of soluble fiber, larger acute, and long-term mechanistic studies are needed in order to corroborate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kabisch
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V, Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; The ARDEN NET Centre, ENETS CoE, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences (ABES), Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
- Translational & Experimental Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V, Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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Kiersnowska K, Jakubczyk A. Bioactive Peptides Obtained from Legume Seeds as New Compounds in Metabolic Syndrome Prevention and Diet Therapy. Foods 2022; 11:3300. [PMCID: PMC9602117 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, food is regarded not only as a source of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals but also as a source of bioactive compounds that can play a significant role in the prevention and diet therapy of many diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex disorder defined as a set of interrelated factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, or dyslipidemia. MS affects not only adults but also children. Peptides are one of the compounds that exhibit a variety of bioactive properties. They are derived from food proteins, which are usually obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis or digestion in the digestive system. Legume seeds are a good source of bioactive peptides. In addition to their high protein content, they contain high levels of dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. The aim of this review is to present new bioactive peptides derived from legume seeds and showing inhibitory properties against MS. These compounds may find application in MS diet therapy or functional food production.
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12
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Kamakura R, Raza GS, Sodum N, Lehto V, Kovalainen M, Herzig K. Colonic Delivery of Nutrients for Sustained and Prolonged Release of Gut Peptides: A Novel Strategy for Appetite Management. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200192. [PMID: 35938221 PMCID: PMC9787473 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major global threats to human health and risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases and certain cancers. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a major role in appetite and glucose homeostasis and recently the USFDA approved GLP-1 agonists for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 is secreted from enteroendocrine L-cells in the distal part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in response to nutrient ingestion. Endogenously released GLP-1 has a very short half-life of <2 min and most of the nutrients are absorbed before reaching the distal GI tract and colon, which hinders the use of nutritional compounds for appetite regulation. The review article focuses on nutrients that endogenously stimulate GLP-1 and peptide YY (PYY) secretion via their receptors in order to decrease appetite as preventive action. In addition, various delivery technologies such as pH-sensitive, mucoadhesive, time-dependent, and enzyme-sensitive systems for colonic targeting of nutrients delivery are described. Sustained colonic delivery of nutritional compounds could be one of the most promising approaches to prevent obesity and associated metabolic diseases by, e.g., sustained GLP-1 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Kamakura
- Research Unit of BiomedicineFaculty of Medicine, and Medical Research CenterUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalOulu90220Finland
| | - Ghulam Shere Raza
- Research Unit of BiomedicineFaculty of Medicine, and Medical Research CenterUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalOulu90220Finland
| | - Nalini Sodum
- Research Unit of BiomedicineFaculty of Medicine, and Medical Research CenterUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalOulu90220Finland
| | - Vesa‐Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied PhysicsFaculty of Science and ForestryUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFI‐70211Finland
| | - Miia Kovalainen
- Research Unit of BiomedicineFaculty of Medicine, and Medical Research CenterUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalOulu90220Finland
| | - Karl‐Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of BiomedicineFaculty of Medicine, and Medical Research CenterUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalOulu90220Finland
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic DiseasesPediatric InstitutePoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznań60–572Poland
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Rakha A, Mehak F, Shabbir MA, Arslan M, Ranjha MMAN, Ahmed W, Socol CT, Rusu AV, Hassoun A, Aadil RM. Insights into the constellating drivers of satiety impacting dietary patterns and lifestyle. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1002619. [PMID: 36225863 PMCID: PMC9549911 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1002619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake and body weight regulation are of special interest for meeting today's lifestyle essential requirements. Since balanced energy intake and expenditure are crucial for healthy living, high levels of energy intake are associated with obesity. Hence, regulation of energy intake occurs through short- and long-term signals as complex central and peripheral physiological signals control food intake. This work aims to explore and compile the main factors influencing satiating efficiency of foods by updating recent knowledge to point out new perspectives on the potential drivers of satiety interfering with food intake regulation. Human internal factors such as genetics, gender, age, nutritional status, gastrointestinal satiety signals, gut enzymes, gastric emptying rate, gut microbiota, individual behavioral response to foods, sleep and circadian rhythms are likely to be important in determining satiety. Besides, the external factors (environmental and behavioral) impacting satiety efficiency are highlighted. Based on mechanisms related to food consumption and dietary patterns several physical, physiological, and psychological factors affect satiety or satiation. A complex network of endocrine and neuroendocrine mechanisms controls the satiety pathways. In response to food intake and other behavioral cues, gut signals enable endocrine systems to target the brain. Intestinal and gastric signals interact with neural pathways in the central nervous system to halt eating or induce satiety. Moreover, complex food composition and structures result in considerable variation in satiety responses for different food groups. A better understanding of foods and factors impacting the efficiency of satiety could be helpful in making smart food choices and dietary recommendations for a healthy lifestyle based on updated scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Rakha
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakiha Mehak
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Asim Shabbir
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Waqar Ahmed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Alexandru Vasile Rusu
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Alexandru Vasile Rusu
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Rana Muhammad Aadil
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14
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Xu SF, Pang ZQ, Fan YG, Zhang YH, Meng YH, Bai CY, Jia MY, Chen YH, Wang ZY, Guo C. Astrocyte-specific loss of lactoferrin influences neuronal structure and function by interfering with cholesterol synthesis. Glia 2022; 70:2392-2408. [PMID: 35946355 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that circulating lactoferrin (Lf) is implicated in peripheral cholesterol metabolism disorders. It has emerged that the distribution of Lf changes in astrocytes of aging brains and those exhibiting neurodegeneration; however, its physiological and/or pathological role remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that astrocyte-specific knockout of Lf (designated cKO) led to decreased body weight and cognitive abnormalities during early life in mice. Accordingly, there was a reduction in neuronal outgrowth and synaptic structure in cKO mice. Importantly, Lf deficiency in the primary astrocytes led to decreased sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (Srebp2) activation and cholesterol production, and cholesterol content in cKO mice and/or in astrocytes was restored by exogenous Lf or a Srebp2 agonist. Moreover, neuronal dendritic complexity and total dendritic length were decreased after culture with the culture medium of the primary astrocytes derived from cKO mice and that this decrease was reversed after cholesterol supplementation. Alternatively, these alterations were associated with an activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of SREBP2 nuclear translocation. These data suggest that astrocytic Lf might directly or indirectly control in situ cholesterol synthesis, which may be implicated in neurodevelopment and several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Feng Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Pang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong-Gang Fan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Hui Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Han Meng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen-Yang Bai
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng-Yu Jia
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Hong Chen
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Mu C, Liu S, Zhu W. Dietary citrus pectin drives more ileal microbial protein metabolism and stronger fecal carbohydrate fermentation over fructo-oligosaccharide in growing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:252-263. [PMID: 36263407 PMCID: PMC9556793 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and pectin are known soluble dietary fibers and can influence gut microbiota and consequently modulate gut health. To understand the differential impact patterns of pectin vs. FOS in modulating gut microbiota in the small and large intestine, an ileal-cannulated pig model was adopted to compare the temporal and spatial effects of FOS and citrus pectin (CP) on the gut microbiota. Sixteen terminal ileal-cannulated pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed with a standard diet supplemented with either 3% FOS or 3% CP for 28 d. The CP group and FOS group showed different microbial composition, especially in the feces, with time and location as major factors affecting microbiota in the CP group, and with only location contribution in the FOS group. In the feces, relative to the FOS group, the CP group showed higher abundance of ChristensenellaceaeR-7 group and RuminococcaceaeUCG-010 and lower abundance of Mitsuokella and Olsenella (adjusted P < 0.05), a higher level of short-chain fatty acids and a lower level of lactate at both d 14 and 25 (P < 0.05), and more copy numbers of genes encoding key enzymes related to propionate (mmdA) and butyrate (BCoAT) production and lactate utilization (LcdA) (P < 0.05), indicating a greater degree of microbial carbohydrate fermentation. In the ileum, as compared with FOS, CP increased the bacteria with high capability of fermenting amino acids, including Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella (adjusted P < 0.05), and the expression of enzymes responsible for amino acid fermentation (i.e. lysine decarboxylase), as well as the amino acid fermentation products (cadaverine and tyramine) (P < 0.05), indicating a greater degree of amino acid fermentation. Overall, our results highlight a differential dynamic impact of dietary CP vs. FOS on microbial composition and metabolism in the gut. The dietary CP has a stronger ability to promote microbial amino acid fermentation in the ileum and carbohydrate fermentation in the feces than FOS. These findings provide a new insight into the role of different fibers in gut nutrition and guidelines for the choice of fibers in manipulating gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Popoola-Akinola OO, Raji TJ, Olawoye B. Lignocellulose, dietary fibre, inulin and their potential application in food. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10459. [PMID: 36090233 PMCID: PMC9449745 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, due to food insecurity, lignocellulose, dietary fibre as well as inulin have received wider attention owing to their abundance and being relatively low-cost indigestible polysaccharides. Since the recognition, acceptance of the consumption and utilization of these polysaccharides, as well as their attraction in science and industry has grown tremendously. There have been further researches carried out to ascertain the fact that people who consume or utilize these polysaccharides have low exposure to some fatal life-threatening illnesses. Rich sources of indigestible polysaccharides such as vegetables, cereals, fruits and nuts are beneficial to good health as consuming them reduce the occurrence of degenerating diseases such as colon cancer, heart disease, diabetes, etc. Despite these increasing facts depicting their advantages in the state of human health, their intake and utilization still fall below the acceptable limit and the knowledge of how they work in the human body are minimal with their explicit actions not easily shown. Hence, this review gives a better understanding of the significance of lignocellulose, dietary fibre and inulin, their functions, classifications, types and applications in the food industry, thereby exposing their various uses as these polycarbohydrates were considered a waste before now.
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17
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ALPTEKİN RAİM, ÇAKIROĞLU PDFP, KİREMİTCİ APS, NEMUTLU PDE, REÇBER RAT. Inulin may prevent steatosis by suppressing Cannabinoid receptor-1 and Patatin-like phospholipase-3 expression in liver. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Li Y, Xia D, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang H, Huang L, Shen J, Wang S, Feng Y, He D, Wang J, Ye H, Zhu Y, Yang L, Wang W. Dietary fibers with different viscosity regulate lipid metabolism via ampk pathway: roles of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101742. [PMID: 35245807 PMCID: PMC8892021 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) improves gastrointestinal health and has important associations with the alleviation of intestinal diseases and metabolic syndrome. However, due to DFs complex characteristics, such as solubility, viscosity, and fermentability, the mechanism in these was not consistent. As an herbivore, the goose has a prominent digestive ability to DF. Therefore, we choose low, medium, and high viscosity DFs (respectively resistant starch-3 []RS], inulin [INU], and β–glucan [GLU]) as Magang goose diet treatment for 4 wk, to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of different viscosities DFs on the growth and development process of goose. In summary, three degrees of viscous DFs could decrease the mechanismic lipid level of geese by promoting acid-producing bacteria and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, therefore, activating AMPK pathway-related genes through the gut-liver axis. High viscous DF has a greater lipid-lowering effect on geese, while medium viscous DF has preferable intestinal mucosal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Maoming Agriculture & Forestry Technical College, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Daiyang Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiufen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shunxiang Wang
- Gold Coin Feedmill (Dong Guan) Co. Ltd, Dongguan 52300, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Gold Coin Feedmill (Dong Guan) Co. Ltd, Dongguan 52300, China
| | - Danyan He
- Gold Coin Feedmill (Dong Guan) Co. Ltd, Dongguan 52300, China
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- Guangdong Haida Group Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongwen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wence Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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19
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Zhao Y, Bi J, Yi J, Peng J, Ma Q. Dose-dependent effects of apple pectin on alleviating high fat-induced obesity modulated by gut microbiota and SCFAs. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:1942-1957. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Mathews R, Shete V, Chu Y. The effect of cereal Β-glucan on body weight and adiposity: A review of efficacy and mechanism of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34727805 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1994523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current review examines the totality of the evidence to determine if there exists a relationship between β-glucan and body weight and adiposity and whether such a relationship is a consistent, causal and plausible one. Observational studies suggest an association between oat (i.e., β-glucan) intake and reduced body weight, waist circumference and adiposity. High and moderate quality randomized controlled trials that were specifically designed to evaluate the efficacy of β-glucan on anthropometric outcomes were given the highest weight. Several of these studies indicated a causal relationship between β-glucan consumption and reduction in body weight, BMI, and at least one measure of body fat within diets that were not calorie-restricted. A review of additional animal and human evidence suggests multiple plausible mechanisms by which β-glucan may impact satiety perception, gastric emptying, gut hormones, gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids in the complex interplay of appetite and energy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Varsha Shete
- Health & Nutrition Sciences, Global R&D, PepsiCo, Inc. Barrington, Illinois, USA
| | - YiFang Chu
- Health & Nutrition Sciences, Global R&D, PepsiCo, Inc. Barrington, Illinois, USA
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22
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Bhandarkar NS, Mouatt P, Majzoub ME, Thomas T, Brown L, Panchal SK. Coffee Pulp, a By-Product of Coffee Production, Modulates Gut Microbiota and Improves Metabolic Syndrome in High-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111369. [PMID: 34832525 PMCID: PMC8624503 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Waste from food production can be re-purposed as raw material for usable products to decrease industrial waste. Coffee pulp is 29% of the dry weight of coffee cherries and contains caffeine, chlorogenic acid, trigonelline, diterpenes and fibre. We investigated the attenuation of signs of metabolic syndrome induced by high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet in rats by dietary supplementation with 5% freeze-dried coffee pulp for the final 8 weeks of a 16-week protocol. Coffee pulp decreased body weight, feed efficiency and abdominal fat; normalised systolic blood pressure, left ventricular diastolic stiffness, and plasma concentrations of triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids; and improved glucose tolerance in rats fed high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. Further, the gut microbiota was modulated with high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and coffee pulp supplementation and 14 physiological parameters were correlated with the changes in bacterial community structures. This study suggested that coffee pulp, as a waste from the coffee industry, is useful as a functional food for improving obesity-associated metabolic, cardiovascular and liver structure and function, and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil S. Bhandarkar
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (N.S.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Peter Mouatt
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Marwan E. Majzoub
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.E.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.E.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (N.S.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Sunil K. Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (N.S.B.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-4570-1932
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23
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Liang S, Xie Q, Evivie SE, Zhao L, Chen Q, Xu B, Liu F, Li B, Huo G. Study on supplementary food with beneficial effects on the gut microbiota of infants. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Avirineni BS, Singh A, Zapata RC, Phillips CD, Chelikani PK. Dietary whey and egg proteins interact with inulin fiber to modulate energy balance and gut microbiota in obese rats. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108860. [PMID: 34520853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diets supplemented with protein and fiber are well known to reduce food intake and weight gain; however, less is known about the combined effects of protein and prebiotic fiber on energy balance and gut microbiota composition. We compared effects of diets containing high egg or whey protein with cellulose or prebiotic (inulin) fiber on energy balance, gut microbiota, hormones, and metabolites. Male obese rats (n=8/group) were allocated to four diets: Egg albumen+Cellulose (EC), Egg albumen+Inulin (EI), Whey protein+Cellulose (WC), and Whey protein+Inulin (WI). Results revealed that diet-induced hypophagia was transient with EC and prolonged with EI and WI, compared to WC. Importantly, CCK-1 receptor antagonist (Devazepide) attenuated the hypophagic effects of EC, EI, and WI. Further, EC, EI and WI decreased respiratory quotient, energy expenditure, weight and adiposity gains, and improved glycemia, relative to WC. Propranolol (β1-β2-receptor blocker) attenuated diet-induced changes in energy expenditure. Transcript abundance of thermogenic markers in brown adipose tissue, plasma hormones, and metabolites especially acyl-carnitines and glycerophospholipids, were differentially altered by diets. Diet explained 25% of compositional differences in cecal microbiomes, but diets with same fiber type did not differ. Microbiota differing between groups also strongly correlated with gut hormones and metabolites. Species most strongly correlated to a marker for butyrate production were in highest abundance in inulin diets. Together, these findings indicate that inulin enriched diets containing egg or whey protein improved energy balance, decreased adiposity, and modulated gut microbiota and metabolites, with CCK signaling partly mediating the satiety effects of diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath S Avirineni
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rizaldy C Zapata
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Caleb D Phillips
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Prasanth K Chelikani
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
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25
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Phungviwatnikul T, Alexander C, Do S, He F, Suchodolski JS, de Godoy MRC, Swanson KS. Effects of Dietary Macronutrient Profile on Apparent Total Tract Macronutrient Digestibility and Fecal Microbiota, Fermentative Metabolites, and Bile Acids of Female Dogs after Spay Surgery. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6333593. [PMID: 34333604 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and estrogen reduction are known to impact the gut microbiota and gut microbial-derived metabolites in some species, but limited information is available in dogs. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary macronutrient profile on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal metabolites of adult female dogs after spay surgery. Twenty-eight adult intact female beagles (age: 3.02 ± 0.71 yr, BW: 10.28 ± 0.77 kg; BCS: 4.98 ± 0.57) were used. After a 5-wk baseline phase (wk 0), 24 dogs were spayed and randomly allotted to one of three experimental diets (n=8/group): 1) control (CO) containing moderate protein and fiber (COSP), 2) high-protein, high-fiber (HPHF), or 3) high-protein, high-fiber plus omega-3 and medium-chain fatty acids (HPHFO). Four dogs were sham-operated and fed CO (COSH). All dogs were fed to maintain BW for 12 wk after spay, then allowed to consume twice that amount for 12 wk. Fecal samples were collected at wk 0, 12, and 24 for digestibility, microbiota, and metabolite analysis. All data were analyzed using repeated measures and linear Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4, with results reported as change from baseline. Apparent organic matter and energy digestibilities had greater decreases in HPHF and HPHFO than COSH and COSP. Increases in fecal acetate, total short-chain fatty acids, and secondary bile acids were greater and decreases in primary bile acids were greater in HPHF and HPHFO. Principal coordinates analysis of weighted UniFrac distances revealed that HPHF and HPHFO clustered together and separately from COSH and COSP at wk 12 and 24, with relative abundances of Faecalibacterium, Romboutsia, and Fusobacterium increasing to a greater extent and Catenibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Prevotella 9, Eubacterium, and Megamonas decreasing to a greater extent in HPHF or HPHFO. Our results suggest that high-protein, high-fiber diets alter nutrient and energy digestibilities, fecal metabolite concentrations, and fecal gut microbiota, but spay surgery had minor effects. Future research is needed to investigate how food intake, nutrient profile, and changes in hormone production influence gut microbiota and metabolites of dogs individually and how this knowledge may be used to manage spayed pets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celeste Alexander
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sungho Do
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Fei He
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Maria R C de Godoy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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26
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Ediriweera MK, To NB, Lim Y, Cho SK. Odd-chain fatty acids as novel histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors. Biochimie 2021; 186:147-156. [PMID: 33965456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is closely associated with tumorigenesis and has emerged as a promising target for anti-cancer drugs. Some odd-chain fatty acids are present in trace levels in human tissue. Despite limited health benefits, there is increasing experimental evidence of nutritional benefits of odd-chain fatty acids. This study examines the effects of five odd-chain fatty acids (valeric, heptanoic, nonanoic, undecanoic, and pentadecanoic acid) as novel HDAC6 inhibitors. Examination of these fatty acids on the proliferation and clonogenic ability in various cancer cell lines revealed that pentadecanoic and undecanoic acid can strongly inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Heptanoic and nonanoic acid showed moderate anti-proliferative effects, while valeric acid demonstrated weak anti-proliferative effects. HDAC6 inhibitory activities were in the order of pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) > undecanoic acid (C11:0) > nonanoic acid (C9:0) > heptanoic acid (C7:0) > valeric acid (C5:0), consistent with the anti-proliferative assay results. All of these fatty acids promoted the acetylation of α-tubulin in MCF-7 breast and A549 lung cancer cells dose-dependently. In-silico molecular docking analysis showed that increasing the aliphatic carbon chain length facilitates binding to HDAC6 residues, which might be important for the inhibitory potential of HDAC6. This study shows the potential utility of odd-chain fatty acids for epigenetic-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ngoc Bao To
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea.
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Arora T, Vanslette AM, Hjorth SA, Bäckhed F. Microbial regulation of enteroendocrine cells. MED 2021; 2:553-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030823. [PMID: 33801480 PMCID: PMC7999246 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell survival, proliferation and function are energy-demanding processes, fuelled by different metabolic pathways. Immune cells like any other cells will adapt their energy production to their function with specific metabolic pathways characteristic of resting, inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cells. This concept of immunometabolism is revolutionising the field of immunology, opening the gates for novel therapeutic approaches aimed at altering immune responses through immune metabolic manipulations. The first part of this review will give an extensive overview on the metabolic pathways used by immune cells. Diet is a major source of energy, providing substrates to fuel these different metabolic pathways. Protein, lipid and carbohydrate composition as well as food additives can thus shape the immune response particularly in the gut, the first immune point of contact with food antigens and gastrointestinal tract pathogens. How diet composition might affect gut immunometabolism and its impact on diseases will also be discussed. Finally, the food ingested by the host is also a source of energy for the micro-organisms inhabiting the gut lumen particularly in the colon. The by-products released through the processing of specific nutrients by gut bacteria also influence immune cell activity and differentiation. How bacterial metabolites influence gut immunometabolism will be covered in the third part of this review. This notion of immunometabolism and immune function is recent and a deeper understanding of how lifestyle might influence gut immunometabolism is key to prevent or treat diseases.
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Effect of dietary supplementation with oat β-glucan for 3 months in subjects with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Baek KW, Kim JS, Park JS, Kim SJ, Ha YC, Jeong OY, Yoo JI. Validation of Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the Analysis of Body Composition in Mice. J Bone Metab 2020; 27:291-299. [PMID: 33317232 PMCID: PMC7746482 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2020.27.4.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As an instrument for measuring body composition in experimental animals, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is ideal for accuracy, cost, and measurement efficiency. However, there is too little insight into the effectiveness of the various aspects of applying DXA to experimental animals. We investigated whether to compare and verify the precision and accuracy of DXA and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) animal body composition analyzers. Methods We used 30 Institution of Cancer Research mice in the study. First, in order to evaluate the reproducibility of DXA and NMR, we did repeated measurements by repositioning each mouse in anesthesia and euthanasia states. Subsequently, the accuracy of each device was evaluated by comparing the weight measured before the experiment, the weight of the tissue extracted from the mice after the experiment, and the measured DXA and NMR. In addition, when measuring the body composition of animals, we compared the time and the measurable body composition parameters and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the 2 devices. Results Compared to NMR, DXA had the advantage of a fast measurement of bone composition and rapid image analysis. In addition, DXA showed a higher correlation (>95%) with fat mass, lean mass baseline than did NMR (>85%). Conclusions In conclusion, DXA was confirmed to have higher precision and measurement accuracy than did NMR. Therefore, DXA is an effective method for evaluating the body composition of experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Wan Baek
- Department of Physical Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin Sung Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - So-Jeong Kim
- Department of Convergence of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok-Yi Jeong
- Department of Convergence of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jun-Il Yoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Rodríguez-Daza MC, Roquim M, Dudonné S, Pilon G, Levy E, Marette A, Roy D, Desjardins Y. Berry Polyphenols and Fibers Modulate Distinct Microbial Metabolic Functions and Gut Microbiota Enterotype-Like Clustering in Obese Mice. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2032. [PMID: 32983031 PMCID: PMC7479096 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries are rich in polyphenols and plant cell wall polysaccharides (fibers), including cellulose, hemicellulose, arabinans and arabino-xyloglucans rich pectin. Most of polyphenols and fibers are known to be poorly absorbed in the small intestine and reach the colon where they interact with the gut microbiota, conferring health benefits to the host. This study assessed the contribution of polyphenol-rich whole cranberry and blueberry fruit powders (CP and BP), and that of their fibrous fractions (CF and BF) on modulating the gut microbiota, the microbial functional profile and influencing metabolic disorders induced by high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for 8 weeks. Lean mice-associated taxa, including Akkermansia muciniphila, Dubosiella newyorkensis, and Angelakisella, were selectively induced by diet supplementation with polyphenol-rich CP and BP. Fiber-rich CF also triggered polyphenols-degrading families Coriobacteriaceae and Eggerthellaceae. Diet supplementation with polyphenol-rich CP, but not with its fiber-rich CF, reduced fat mass depots, body weight and energy efficiency in HFHS-fed mice. However, CF reduced liver triglycerides in HFHS-fed mice. Importantly, polyphenol-rich CP-diet normalized microbial functions to a level comparable to that of Chow-fed controls. Using multivariate association modeling, taxa and predicted functions distinguishing an obese phenotype from healthy controls and berry-treated mice were identified. The enterotype-like clustering analysis underlined the link between a long-term diet intake and the functional stratification of the gut microbiota. The supplementation of a HFHS-diet with polyphenol-rich CP drove mice gut microbiota from Firmicutes/Ruminococcus enterotype into an enterotype linked to healthier host status, which is Prevotella/Akkermansiaceae. This study highlights the prebiotic role of polyphenols, and their contribution to the compositional and functional modulation of the gut microbiota, counteracting obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Carolina Rodríguez-Daza
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marcela Roquim
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Dudonné
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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32
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Phungviwatnikul T, Valentine H, de Godoy MRC, Swanson KS. Effects of diet on body weight, body composition, metabolic status, and physical activity levels of adult female dogs after spay surgery. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5739032. [PMID: 32064516 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutering is a risk factor for pet obesity, which reduces the quality and length of life. Dietary interventions may serve as preventive and therapeutic options for pet obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of specially formulated diets on body weight (BW), body composition, and blood hormones and metabolites of adult female dogs after spay surgery. All procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. Twenty-eight healthy adult intact female Beagles (3.02 ± 0.7 yr; 10.28 ± 0.8 kg; body condition score [BCS]: 4.98 ± 0.57) were used in a longitudinal study. Twenty-four dogs were spayed and randomly allotted to one of three experimental diets: 1) moderate-protein, moderate-fiber diet (control; COSP), 2) high-protein, high-fiber diet (HP-HF), or 3) high-protein, high-fiber diet plus omega-3 and medium-chain fatty acids (HP-HF-O). Four dogs were sham-operated and fed the control diet (COSH). Food intake, BW, BCS, blood hormones and metabolites, body composition (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans), and voluntary physical activity (via Actical devices) were measured over time. After spay, dogs were fed to maintain BW for 12 wk (restricted phase), then allowed to overeat for 12 wk (ad libitum phase). Change from baseline data was analyzed for treatment, time, and treatment × time effects as well as treatment, feeding regimen, and treatment × feeding regimen effects. During the first 12 wk, HP-HF and HP-HF-O had lower (P < 0.01) blood cholesterol than COSH and COSP. During the second 12 wk, HP-HF and HP-HF-O ate more (P < 0.01) food (g/d) than COSH. BCS change for COSP was greater (P < 0.01) than COSH from week 21 to 24, but HP-HF and HP-HF-O were not different. When comparing data by feeding regimen, HP-HF and HP-HF-O had a greater reduction in serum cholesterol (P < 0.001) than COSH and COSP. During the second 12 wk, all spayed dogs consumed more (P < 0.01) food than COSH. However, COSH, HP-HF, and HP-HF-O had a lower (P < 0.001) increase in BCS than COSP. HP-HF-O and COSH had similar serum leptin during weeks 12 to 24. COSP had higher (P ≤ 0.01) serum C-reactive protein than HP-HF-O. Overall, body fat increase in COSP was greater (P < 0.05) than for COSH at week 24, while HP-HF and HP-HF-O were intermediate. Our results indicate that an HP-HF diet can limit weight gain and body fat increase and attenuate serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and leptin concentrations in dogs after spay surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Valentine
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Maria R C de Godoy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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Guo C, Xue H, Guo T, Zhang W, Xuan WQ, Ren YT, Wang D, Chen YH, Meng YH, Gao HL, Zhao P. Recombinant human lactoferrin attenuates the progression of hepatosteatosis and hepatocellular death by regulating iron and lipid homeostasis in ob/ob mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:7183-7196. [PMID: 32756704 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00910e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding glycoprotein, has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and exert modulatory effects on lipid homeostasis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but our understanding of its regulatory mechanisms is limited and inconsistent. We used leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice as the rodent model of NAFLD, and administered recombinant human Lf (4 mg per kg body weight) or control vehicle by intraperitoneal injection to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Lf. After 40 days of treatment with Lf, insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice were significantly improved with the down-regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP2), indicating an improvement in hepatic lipid metabolism and function. We further explored the mechanism, and found that Lf may increase the hepatocellular iron output by targeting the hepcidin-ferroportin (FPn) axis, and then maintains the liver oxidative balance through a nonenzymatic antioxidant system, ultimately suppressing the death of hepatocytes. In addition, the cytoprotective role of Lf may be associated with the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation, promotion of autophagy of damaged hepatocytes and induction of up-regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF-lα/VEGF) to facilitate liver function recovery. These findings suggest that recombinant human Lf might be a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating or delaying the pathological process of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, 110169, China.
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Obanda DN, Husseneder C, Raggio AM, Page R, Marx B, Stout RW, Guice J, Coulon D, Keenan MJ. Abundance of the species Clostridium butyricum in the gut microbiota contributes to differences in obesity phenotype in outbred Sprague-Dawley CD rats. Nutrition 2020; 78:110893. [PMID: 32721767 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gut microbiota profiles contribute to differences in obesity phenotype. We examined the abundance of the species Clostridium butyricum in relation to obesity phenotype. METHODS In outbred Sprague -Dawley rats we examined effects of dietary fat, resistant starch (RS), and a microbiota transplant on obesity phenotype. Using targeted qPCR, we examined the abundance of total gut bacteria and C. butyricum in relation to the propensity of obesity prone and obesity resistant rats to accumulate abdominal fat. RESULTS Before inclusion of dietary RS, obesity resistant (OR) rats had higher amounts of total bacteria, and C. butyricum compared to obesity prone (OP) rats (P < 0.005 in study I, P < 0.0001 in study II). A high fat diet (HF) lowered C. butyricum levels while RS had no effect. Dietary RS elicited robust fermentation and increased total bacteria only in OP rats. In preparation for the transplant, antibiotics were administered to recipient rats. Four weeks thereafter, total bacteria levels were restored but, C. butyricum levels were not. The transplant between the two phenotypes had no effect on abundance of C. butyricum and obesity phenotype. CONCLUSIONS While C. butyricum is a known saccharolytic, its proliferation is not enhanced by fermentation of resistant starch. C. butyricum maybe one of the species that constitute a core microbiota involved in energy storage and metabolism through mechanisms that are not yet known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana N Obanda
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College Park, Maryland, USA..
| | - Claudia Husseneder
- Entomology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anne M Raggio
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ryan Page
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Brian Marx
- Experimental Statistics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rhett W Stout
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, LSU A & M, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Diana Coulon
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael J Keenan
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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35
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Valeric acid lowers arterial blood pressure in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 877:173086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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Shang A, Gan RY, Xu XY, Mao QQ, Zhang PZ, Li HB. Effects and mechanisms of edible and medicinal plants on obesity: an updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2061-2077. [PMID: 32462901 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1769548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, obesity has become a global public health issue. It is closely associated with the occurrence of several chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Some edible and medicinal plants show anti-obesity activity, such as fruits, vegetables, spices, legumes, edible flowers, mushrooms, and medicinal plants. Numerous studies have indicated that these plants are potential candidates for the prevention and management of obesity. The major anti-obesity mechanisms of plants include suppressing appetite, reducing the absorption of lipids and carbohydrates, inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis, regulating lipid metabolism, increasing energy expenditure, regulating gut microbiota, and improving obesity-related inflammation. In this review, the anti-obesity activity of edible and medicinal plants was summarized based on epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, with related mechanisms discussed, which provided the basis for the research and development of slimming products. Further studies should focus on the exploration of safer plants with anti-obesity activity and the identification of specific anti-obesity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center (NASC), Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pang-Zhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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González-Blázquez R, Alcalá M, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Villa-Valverde P, Viana M, Gil-Ortega M, Somoza B. Relevance of control diet choice in metabolic studies: impact in glucose homeostasis and vascular function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2902. [PMID: 32076010 PMCID: PMC7031246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental approach for the study of cardiometabolic disorders requires the use of animal models fed with commercial diets whose composition differs notably, even between diets used for control groups. While chow diets are usually made of agricultural by-products, purified low-fat diets (LF) contain a higher percentage of easy metabolizable carbohydrates, together with a reduced amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, micronutrients and fiber, all associated with metabolic and vascular dysfunction. We hypothesize that the LF diet, commonly used in control animals, could promote adverse vascular and metabolic outcomes. To address this issue, 5-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed with a standard (Chow) or a LF diet for 6 weeks. Changes in body weight, adiposity, biochemical parameters, systemic and aortic insulin sensitivity and endothelial function were recorded. LF diet did not modify body weight but significantly impaired systemic glucose tolerance and increased triglycerides and cholesterol levels. Endothelial function and aortic insulin sensitivity were significantly impaired in the LF group, due to a reduction of NO availability. These findings highlight the importance of selecting the proper control diet in metabolic studies. It may also suggest that some cardiometabolic alterations obtained in experimental studies using LF as a control diet may be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel González-Blázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU. CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - María S Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Palmira Villa-Valverde
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU. CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain.
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Antidiabetic Effects of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Steam Explosion-Modified Black Soybean Hull in Low-Dose Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mouses. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/6821438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper studies the antidiabetic effects of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from steam explosion-modified black soybean hull in low-dose streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 2 diabetic mouses. Male C57/BL6 mouses were divided into 4 groups: control (nondiabetic, no SDF intake), model (diabetes only), metformin (metformin: 100 mg/kg body weight), and SDF (SDF: 600 mg/kg body weight). Four weeks post-SDF treatment, treatment of SDF decreased the weight gain of diabetic mouses, normalised the blood glucose level, and reduced the serum cholesterol, serum insulin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, arteriosclerosis index, aspartate aminotransferase activity, and malondialdehyde. It also increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin, glycopeptide peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activity and repaired the pancreatic injury of the diabetic mouses. Our research results show that SDF has the potential for use in type 2 diabetes treatment.
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Joyce SA, Kamil A, Fleige L, Gahan CGM. The Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Oats and Oat Beta Glucan: Modes of Action and Potential Role of Bile Acids and the Microbiome. Front Nutr 2019; 6:171. [PMID: 31828074 PMCID: PMC6892284 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of sufficient quantities of oat products has been shown to reduce host cholesterol and thereby modulate cardiovascular disease risk. The effects are proposed to be mediated by the gel-forming properties of oat β-glucan which modulates host bile acid and cholesterol metabolism and potentially removes intestinal cholesterol for excretion. However, the gut microbiota has emerged as a major factor regulating cholesterol metabolism in the host. Oat β-glucan has been shown to modulate the gut microbiota, particularly those bacterial species that influence host bile acid metabolism and production of short chain fatty acids, factors which are regulators of host cholesterol homeostasis. Given a significant role for the gut microbiota in cholesterol metabolism it is likely that the effects of oat β-glucan on the host are multifaceted and involve regulation of microbe-host interactions at the gut interface. Here we consider the potential for oat β-glucan to influence microbial populations in the gut with potential consequences for bile acid metabolism, reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, bacterial metabolism of cholesterol and microbe-host signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Joyce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alison Kamil
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, United States
| | - Lisa Fleige
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, United States
| | - Cormac G M Gahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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40
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Tian L, Scholte J, Scheurink AJW, van den Berg M, Bruggeman G, Bruininx E, de Vos P, Schols HA, Gruppen H. Effect of oat and soybean rich in distinct non-starch polysaccharides on fermentation, appetite regulation and fat accumulation in rat. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:515-521. [PMID: 31394148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) is associated with reduced risk of obesity. This study aimed to compare the effects of cereals (oats) and legumes (soybean), rich in different classes of NSP, on appetite regulation and fat accumulation in rats. Soy pectin fermented more efficient than cereal arabinoxylan in rats. Soy pectin and oat β-glucan were utilized mainly in the caecum of rats. Only small amount of maltodextrin, cello-oligosaccharides and xylo-oligosaccharides were detected in the digesta. Caecal fermentation of soy pectin produced significantly higher concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) compared to the control. Retroperitoneal (RP) fat-pad weight was significantly lower for rats fed with soybean meal enriched diet than for controls. An inverse correlation between rat RP fat-pad weight and concentration (and proportion) of butyrate was observed. Consumption of soy pectin and oat β-glucan enriched foods to produce targeted SCFAs in vivo could be a potential strategy to lower fat mass accumulation and a potential tool to manage obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Tian
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jan Scholte
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anton J W Scheurink
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Erik Bruininx
- Agrifirm Innovation Center, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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41
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Ratanpaul V, Williams BA, Black JL, Gidley MJ. Review: Effects of fibre, grain starch digestion rate and the ileal brake on voluntary feed intake in pigs. Animal 2019; 13:2745-2754. [PMID: 31223098 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Grains rich in starch constitute the primary source of energy for both pigs and humans, but there is incomplete understanding of physiological mechanisms that determine the extent of digestion of grain starch in monogastric animals including pigs and humans. Slow digestion of starch to produce glucose in the small intestine (SI) leads to undigested starch escaping to the large intestine where it is fermented to produce short-chain fatty acids. Glucose generated from starch provides more energy than short-chain fatty acids for normal metabolism and growth in monogastrics. While incomplete digestion of starch leads to underutilised feed in pigs and economic losses, it is desirable in human nutrition to maintain consistent body weight in adults. Undigested nutrients reaching the ileum may trigger the ileal brake, and fermentation of undigested nutrients or fibre in the large intestine triggers the colonic brake. These intestinal brakes reduce the passage rate in an attempt to maximise nutrient utilisation, and lead to increased satiety that may reduce feed intake. The three physiological mechanisms that control grain digestion and feed intake are: (1) gastric emptying rate; (2) interplay of grain digestion and passage rate in the SI controlling the activation of the ileal brake; and (3) fermentation of undigested nutrients or fibre in the large intestine activating the colonic brake. Fibre plays an important role in influencing these mechanisms and the extent of their effects. In this review, an account of the physiological mechanisms controlling the passage rate, feed intake and enzymatic digestion of grains is presented: (1) to evaluate the merits of recently developed methods of grain/starch digestion for application purposes; and (2) to identify opportunities for future research to advance our understanding of how the combination of controlled grain digestion and fibre content can be manipulated to physiologically influence satiety and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ratanpaul
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - B A Williams
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - J L Black
- John L Black Consulting, PO Box 4021, Warrimoo, NSW, 2774, Australia
| | - M J Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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García-Carrizo F, Picó C, Rodríguez AM, Palou A. High-Esterified Pectin Reverses Metabolic Malprogramming, Improving Sensitivity to Adipostatic/Adipokine Hormones. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3633-3642. [PMID: 30855142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Detrimental metabolic programming has become a determinant factor in obesity propensity and the development of metabolic disorders; therefore, the search of nutritional strategies to reverse it is very relevant. Pectin is a prebiotic with health-promoting effects, such as control of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, although other possible health effects and the prevention of obesity have been poorly studied. We studied the effects of chronic physiological supplementation with high-esterified pectin (HEP) in the reversion of metabolic nutrition-sensitive malprogramming associated with gestational undernutrition. As a model of nutrition-sensitive malprogramming, we used the progeny of rats with mild calorie restriction (CR) during pregnancy and analyzed their performance under metabolic stress (high-sucrose diet). We focused on the study of the sensitivity to the main adipostatic/adipokine hormones, i.e., leptin, insulin, and adiponectin, at both peripheral (liver and circulating parameters) and central (hypothalamus) levels. Our main findings suggest that chronic HEP supplementation is able to prevent weight/fat gain, to substantially reverse the detrimental malprogramming caused by the CR condition, to improve general health circulating markers, to modulate oxidative/lipogenic balance in the liver and energy metabolism regulators in the hypothalamus, and to restore/improve adipostatic/adipokine sensitivity affected by maternal calorie restriction, both peripherally and centrally. HEP stands out as a food component potentially useful against the development of metabolic disorders and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco García-Carrizo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics) , University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) , 07122 Palma de Mallorca , Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics) , University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) , 07122 Palma de Mallorca , Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa) , 07120 Palma de Mallorca , Spain
| | - Ana María Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics) , University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) , 07122 Palma de Mallorca , Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa) , 07120 Palma de Mallorca , Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics) , University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) , 07122 Palma de Mallorca , Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa) , 07120 Palma de Mallorca , Spain
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Günter EA, Khramova DS, Markov PA, Popeyko OV, Melekhin AK, Beloserov VS, Martinson EA, Litvinets SG, Popov SV. Swelling behavior and satiating effect of the gel microparticles obtained from callus cultures pectins. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:300-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Xylooligosaccharide supplementation decreases visceral fat accumulation and modulates cecum microbiome in mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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45
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Veiga M, Costa EM, Silva S, Pintado M. Impact of plant extracts upon human health: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:873-886. [PMID: 30501504 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1540969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in evidences directly linking diet and health, several foodstuffs, such as phenolic rich fruits and vegetables, have emerged as possessing potential health benefits. Plants, given their fiber and phenolic content (and their intrinsic biological potential), have long been considered as contributing to health promotion. Therefore, the present work aimed to review the existing evidences regarding the various potential benefits of plant extracts' and plant extract-based products' consumption, with emphasis on in vivo works and epidemiological studies whenever available. Overall, the information available supports that, while there are indications of the potential benefits of plant extracts' consumption, further human-based studies are still needed to establish a true cause-effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Veiga
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
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46
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Guerville M, Hamilton MK, Ronveaux CC, Ellero-Simatos S, Raybould HE, Boudry G. Chronic refined low-fat diet consumption reduces cholecystokinin satiation in rats. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2497-2510. [PMID: 30069617 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reduced ability of cholecystokinin (CCK) to induce satiation contributes to hyperphagia and weight gain in high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obesity, and has been linked to altered gut microbiota. Rodent models of obesity use chow or low-fat (LF) diets as control diets; the latter has been shown to alter gut microbiota and metabolome. We aimed to determine whether LF-diet consumption impacts CCK satiation in rats and if so, whether this is prevented by addition of inulin to LF diet. METHODS Rats (n = 40) were fed, for 8 weeks, a chow diet (chow) or low-fat (10%) or high-fat/high-sucrose (45 and 17%, respectively) refined diets with either 10% cellulose (LF and HF/HS) or 10% inulin (LF-I and HF/HS-I). Caecal metabolome was assessed by 1H-NMR-based metabolomics. CCK satiation was evaluated by measuring the suppression of food intake after intraperitoneal CCK injection (1 or 3 µg/kg). RESULTS LF-diet consumption altered the caecal metabolome, reduced caecal weight, and increased IAP activity, compared to chow. CCK-induced inhibition of food intake was abolished in LF diet-fed rats compared to chow-fed rats, while HF/HS diet-fed rats responded only to the highest CCK dose. Inulin substitution ameliorated caecal atrophy, reduced IAP activity, and modulated caecal metabolome, but did not improve CCK-induced satiety in either LF- or HF/HS-fed rats. CONCLUSIONS CCK signaling is impaired by LF-diet consumption, highlighting that caution must be taken when using LF diet until a more suitable refined control diet is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Guerville
- Institut Numecan, INRA INSERM Univ Rennes 1, Domaine de la Prise, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - M Kristina Hamilton
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charlotte C Ronveaux
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Helen E Raybould
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gaëlle Boudry
- Institut Numecan, INRA INSERM Univ Rennes 1, Domaine de la Prise, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.
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Paderin NM, Vityazev FV, Yu. Saveliev N, Markov PA, Mikhaylov VI, Patova OA, Popov SV. Effect of pectin of tansy, Tanacetum vulgare L., on feeding behaviour and food intake in mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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48
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Ferreira LG, Endrighi M, Lisenko KG, de Oliveira MRD, Damasceno MR, Claudino JA, Gutierres PG, Peconick AP, Saad FMDOB, Zangeronimo MG. Oat beta-glucan as a dietary supplement for dogs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201133. [PMID: 30063762 PMCID: PMC6067736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oat beta-glucan supplementation on metabolic, physiological, immunological and nutritional variables in adult dogs. Fourteen dogs were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with 1% beta-glucan during 71 days. Serum concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions, as well as plasma concentrations of peptide YY and ghrelin, were determined. In addition, coefficient of total tract apparent macronutrient digestibility (CTTAD), food intake and fecal output, score, and pH were evaluated. For evaluation of immunological variables, serum concentrations of interleukin-4 and interferon gamma were determined on days 0, 57 and 71, which corresponded to blood collection prior to beta-glucan supplementation, and at 7 and 14 days post first and second dose of vaccination (Pneumodog®, Merial, Campinas, Brazil), respectively. Animals fed the supplemented diet showed (P<0.05) lower serum concentrations of total cholesterol and low and very low density lipoproteins, lower coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, mineral matter and ether extract, higher fecal output and lower fecal consistency, as well as a tendency (P = 0.07) of decreasing the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein. Moreover, the supplemented diet resulted in lower number of red blood cells, hematocrit percentage and hemoglobin concentration 21 days post-vaccination as well as lower serum concentration of interleukin-4 seven days post-vaccination (P<0.05). It is concluded that oat beta-glucan extract can be used as a dietary supplement for dogs at a dose of 10 g/kg of food, being effective in reducing blood concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-c and VLDL-c as well as CTTAD of nutrients, demonstrating a potential to be used in the feeding of obese animals. In addition, by reducing the predominance of a Th2 response, oat beta-glucan can positively modulate the vaccine response of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Geraldi Ferreira
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Endrighi
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Peconick
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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49
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Parboiled rice metabolism differs in healthy and diabetic individuals with similar improvement in glycemic response. Nutrition 2018; 47:43-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Liu B, Yang T, Luo Y, Zeng L, Shi L, Wei C, Nie Y, Cheng Y, Lin Q, Luo F. Oat β-glucan inhibits adipogenesis and hepatic steatosis in high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice via AMPK signaling. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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