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Jiang Z, Zhang W, Zhang J, Liu T, Xing J, Zhang H, Tang D. Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Systems: A New Weapon for Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4677-4696. [PMID: 36211025 PMCID: PMC9541303 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s376216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, a major breakthrough in cancer treatment, has been successfully applied to treat a number of tumors. However, given the presence of factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that impede immunotherapy, only a small proportion of patients achieve a good clinical response. With the ability to increase permeability and cross biological barriers, nanomaterials have been successfully applied to deliver immunotherapeutic agents, thus realizing the anti-cancer therapeutic potential of therapeutic agents. This has driven a wave of research into systems for the delivery of immunotherapeutic agents, which has resulted in widespread interest in nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems are able to overcome the challenges from TME and thus achieve good results in cancer immunotherapy. If it can make a breakthrough in improving biocompatibility and reducing cytotoxicity, it will be more widely used in clinical practice. Different types of nanomaterials may also have some subtle differences in enhancing cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, delivery systems made of nanomaterials loaded with drugs, such as cytotoxic drugs, cytokines, and adjuvants, could be used for cancer immunotherapy because they avoid the toxicity and side effects associated with these drugs, thereby enabling their reuse. Therefore, further insights into nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems will provide more effective treatment options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengting Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Xing
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Dong Tang, Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Saarimäki LA, Federico A, Lynch I, Papadiamantis AG, Tsoumanis A, Melagraki G, Afantitis A, Serra A, Greco D. Manually curated transcriptomics data collection for toxicogenomic assessment of engineered nanomaterials. Sci Data 2021; 8:49. [PMID: 33558569 PMCID: PMC7870661 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicogenomics (TGx) approaches are increasingly applied to gain insight into the possible toxicity mechanisms of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Omics data can be valuable to elucidate the mechanism of action of chemicals and to develop predictive models in toxicology. While vast amounts of transcriptomics data from ENM exposures have already been accumulated, a unified, easily accessible and reusable collection of transcriptomics data for ENMs is currently lacking. In an attempt to improve the FAIRness of already existing transcriptomics data for ENMs, we curated a collection of homogenized transcriptomics data from human, mouse and rat ENM exposures in vitro and in vivo including the physicochemical characteristics of the ENMs used in each study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliisa Saarimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antonio Federico
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasios G Papadiamantis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- NovaMechanics Ltd, P.O Box 26014 1666, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | - Angela Serra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Finnish Centre for Alternative Methods (FICAM), Faculty of Medicine and Heath Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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Maksoudian C, Saffarzadeh N, Hesemans E, Dekoning N, Buttiens K, Soenen SJ. Role of inorganic nanoparticle degradation in cancer therapy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3734-3763. [PMID: 36132767 PMCID: PMC9417516 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00286k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are currently widely exploited for their potential in the development of novel cancer therapies, and so far, mainly nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of liposomes and polymers have made their way into the clinic. However, major bottlenecks for the clinical translation of other types of NPs (i.e. inorganic) are the lack of knowledge concerning their long-term distribution in vivo and their potential toxicity. To counter this, various research groups have worked on soluble NPs, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), and silver (Ag), which tend to dissolve spontaneously into their ionic form, releasing toxic metal ions and leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation when exposed to cellular environments. By fine-tuning the dissolution kinetics of these NPs, it is possible to control the level of ROS production and thus cytotoxicity to selectively destroy tumor tissue. Specifically, cancer cells tend to exhibit a higher basal level of oxidative stress compared to normal cells due to their higher metabolic rates, and therefore, by engineering NPs that generate sufficient ROS that barely exceed toxic thresholds in cancer cells, normal cells will only experience reversible transient damage. This review focuses on the use of these soluble inorganic NPs for selective cancer therapy and on the various in vitro and in vivo studies that have aimed to control the dissolution kinetics of these NPs, either through particle doping or surface modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Maksoudian
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group Herestraat 49 B3000 Belgium +32 16 330034
| | - Neshat Saffarzadeh
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group Herestraat 49 B3000 Belgium +32 16 330034
| | - Evelien Hesemans
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group Herestraat 49 B3000 Belgium +32 16 330034
| | - Nora Dekoning
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group Herestraat 49 B3000 Belgium +32 16 330034
| | - Kiana Buttiens
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group Herestraat 49 B3000 Belgium +32 16 330034
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group Herestraat 49 B3000 Belgium +32 16 330034
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Attarilar S, Yang J, Ebrahimi M, Wang Q, Liu J, Tang Y, Yang J. The Toxicity Phenomenon and the Related Occurrence in Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Brief Review From the Biomedical Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:822. [PMID: 32766232 PMCID: PMC7380248 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of different nanoparticles (NPs) involve in our daily life with various origins from food, cosmetics, drugs, etc. It is believed that decreasing the size of materials up to nanometer levels can facilitate their unfavorable absorption since they can pass the natural barriers of live tissues and organs even, they can go across the relatively impermeable membranes. The interaction of these NPs with the biological environment disturbs the natural functions of cells and its components and cause health issues. In the lack of the detailed and comprehensive standard protocols about the toxicity of NPs materials, their control, and effects, this review study focuses on the current research literature about the related factors in toxicity of NPs such as size, concentration, etc. with an emphasis on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The goal of the study is to highlight their potential hazard and the advancement of green non-cytotoxic nanomaterials with safe threshold dose levels to resolve the toxicity issues. This study supports the NPs design along with minimizing the adverse effects of nanoparticles especially those used in biological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokouh Attarilar
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfan Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingge Wang
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yujin Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Junlin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Castro-Muñoz R. The Role of New Inorganic Materials in Composite Membranes for Water Disinfection. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E101. [PMID: 32422940 PMCID: PMC7281186 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10050101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Today, there is an increasing interest in improving the physicochemical properties of polymeric membranes by merging the membranes with different inorganic materials. These so-called composite membranes have been implemented in different membrane-based technologies (e.g., microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, membrane bioreactors, among others) for water treatment and disinfection. This is because such inorganic materials (such as TiO2-, ZnO-, Ag-, and Cu-based nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, to mention just a few) can improve the separation performance of membranes and also some other properties, such as antifouling, mechanical, thermal, and physical and chemical stability. Moreover, such materials display specific biological activity towards viruses, bacteria, and protozoa, showing enhanced water disinfection properties. Therefore, the aim of this review is to collect the latest advances (in the last five years) in using composite membranes and new hybrid materials for water disinfection, paying particular emphasis on relevant results and new hydride composites together with their preparation protocols. Moreover, this review addresses the main mechanism of action of different conventional and novel inorganic materials toward biologically active matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca. Avenida Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000 San Antonio Buenavista, 50110 Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico
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6
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Neurotoxicity of nanoparticles entering the brain via sensory nerve-to-brain pathways: injuries and mechanisms. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1479-1495. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cui L, Wang X, Sun B, Xia T, Hu S. Predictive Metabolomic Signatures for Safety Assessment of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13065-13082. [PMID: 31682760 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of metal oxide nanoparticles (MOx NPs) poses a risk of exposure that may lead to adverse health effects on humans. Even though a number of toxicological methodologies are available for assessing nanotoxicity, the effect of MOx NPs on cell metabolism in vitro and in vivo remains largely unknown, especially under the exposure to low-dose or supposedly low-toxicity MOx NPs. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics was used to reveal significantly altered metabolites and metabolic pathways in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to four different types of MOx NPs (ZnO, SiO2, TiO2, and CeO2) at both high (25 μg/mL) and low (12.5 μg/mL) doses. We demonstrated that high-dose ZnO NPs caused severe cytotoxicity with altered metabolism of amino acids, nucleotides, nucleosides, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipids, inflammation/redox, and fatty acid oxidation, as well as the elevation of toxic and DNA damage related metabolites. Fewer metabolomic alterations were induced by low-dose ZnO NPs. However, most metabolites significantly altered by high-dose ZnO NPs were also slightly changed by low-dose ZnO NPs. On the other hand, the cells exposed to SiO2, TiO2, and CeO2 NPs at either high or low dose displayed low cytotoxicity with similar metabolomic alterations, although each type of NPs induced distinct changes of certain metabolites. These three NPs significantly affected the metabolic pathways of sphingosine-1-phosphate, fatty acid oxidation, folate cycle, inflammation/redox, and lipid metabolism. In addition, dose-dependent effects were observed for a number of metabolites significantly altered by respective MOx NPs. Representative metabolites of the significantly altered metabolic pathways were successfully validated in vitro using enzymatic assays. More importantly, these representative metabolites were further validated in a mouse model after lung exposure to respective NPs, indicating that in vitro metabolomic findings may be used to effectively predict the toxicological effects in vivo. Despite functional assay results demonstrating that the changes in cellular functions were largely reflected by the metabolomic alterations, LC-MS-based metabolomics was sensitive enough to detect the subtle metabolomic changes when functional cellular assays showed no significant difference. Collectively, our studies have unveiled potential metabolic mechanisms of MOx NP-induced nanotoxicity in lung epithelial cells and demonstrated the sensitivity and feasibility of using metabolomic signatures to understand and predict nanotoxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- School of Dentistry and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , 116024 , Dalian , China
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Shen Hu
- School of Dentistry and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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8
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Kang W, Li X, Sun A, Yu F, Hu X. Study of the Persistence of the Phytotoxicity Induced by Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots and of the Specific Molecular Mechanisms by Integrating Omics and Regular Analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3791-3801. [PMID: 30870590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although increasing attention has been paid to the nanotoxicity of graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) due to their broad range of applications, the persistence and recoverability associated with GOQDs had been widely ignored. Interestingly, stress-response hormesis for algal growth was observed for Chlorella vulgaris as a single-celled model organism. Few physiological parameters, such as algal density, plasmolysis, and levels of reactive oxygen species, exhibited facile recovery. In contrast, the effects on chlorophyll a levels, permeability, and starch grain accumulation exhibited persistent toxicity. In the exposure stage, the downregulation of genes related to unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and binding contributed to toxic effects on photosynthesis. In the recovery stage, downregulation of genes related to the cis-Golgi network, photosystem I, photosynthetic membrane, and thylakoid was linked to the persistence of toxic effects on photosynthesis. The upregulated galactose metabolism and downregulated aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis also indicated toxicity persistence in the recovery stage. The downregulation and upregulation of phenylalanine metabolism in the exposure and recovery stages, respectively, reflected the tolerance of the algae to GOQDs. The present study highlights the importance of studying nanotoxicity by elucidation of stress and recovery patterns with metabolomics and transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilu Kang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Anqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Fubo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
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9
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Support for the Safe Use of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Sunscreens: Lack of Skin Penetration or Cellular Toxicity after Repeated Application in Volunteers. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:308-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Werner S, Nies E. Olfactory dysfunction revisited: a reappraisal of work-related olfactory dysfunction caused by chemicals. J Occup Med Toxicol 2018. [PMID: 30202422 DOI: 10.1186/s12995‐018‐0209‐6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to numerous individual chemicals has been associated with olfactory dysfunction, mainly in individual case descriptions. Comprehensive epidemiological investigations into the olfactotoxic effect of working substances show that the human sense of smell may be impaired by exposure to metal compounds involving cadmium, chromium and nickel, and to formaldehyde. This conclusion is supported by the results of animal experiments. The level of evidence for a relationship between olfactory dysfunction and workplace exposure to other substances is relatively weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Werner
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, Unit Toxicology of Industrial Chemicals, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Eberhard Nies
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, Unit Toxicology of Industrial Chemicals, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
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11
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Werner S, Nies E. Olfactory dysfunction revisited: a reappraisal of work-related olfactory dysfunction caused by chemicals. J Occup Med Toxicol 2018; 13:28. [PMID: 30202422 PMCID: PMC6124006 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-018-0209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to numerous individual chemicals has been associated with olfactory dysfunction, mainly in individual case descriptions. Comprehensive epidemiological investigations into the olfactotoxic effect of working substances show that the human sense of smell may be impaired by exposure to metal compounds involving cadmium, chromium and nickel, and to formaldehyde. This conclusion is supported by the results of animal experiments. The level of evidence for a relationship between olfactory dysfunction and workplace exposure to other substances is relatively weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Werner
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, Unit Toxicology of Industrial Chemicals, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Eberhard Nies
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, Unit Toxicology of Industrial Chemicals, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
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12
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Fröhlich E. Role of omics techniques in the toxicity testing of nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:84. [PMID: 29157261 PMCID: PMC5697164 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is regarded as a key technology of the twenty-first century. Despite the many advantages of nanotechnology it is also known that engineered nanoparticles (NPs) may cause adverse health effects in humans. Reports on toxic effects of NPs relay mainly on conventional (phenotypic) testing but studies of changes in epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome induced by NPs have also been performed. NPs most relevant for human exposure in consumer, health and food products are metal, metal oxide and carbon-based NPs. They were also studied quite frequently with omics technologies and an overview of the study results can serve to answer the question if screening for established targets of nanotoxicity (e.g. cell death, proliferation, oxidative stress, and inflammation) is sufficient or if omics techniques are needed to reveal new targets. Regulated pathways identified by omics techniques were confirmed by phenotypic assays performed in the same study and comparison of particle types and cells by the same group indicated a more cell/organ-specific than particle specific regulation pattern. Between different studies moderate overlap of the regulated pathways was observed and cell-specific regulation is less obvious. The lack of standardization in particle exposure, in omics technologies, difficulties to translate mechanistic data to phenotypes and comparison with human in vivo data currently limit the use of these technologies in the prediction of toxic effects by NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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13
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Ruszkiewicz JA, Pinkas A, Ferrer B, Peres TV, Tsatsakis A, Aschner M. Neurotoxic effect of active ingredients in sunscreen products, a contemporary review. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:245-259. [PMID: 28959646 PMCID: PMC5615097 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunscreen application is the main strategy used to prevent the maladies inflicted by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Despite the continuously increasing frequency of sunscreen use worldwide, the prevalence of certain sun exposure-related pathologies, mainly malignant melanoma, is also on the rise. In the past century, a variety of protective agents against UV exposure have been developed. Physical filters scatter and reflect UV rays and chemical filters absorb those rays. Alongside the evidence for increasing levels of these agents in the environment, which leads to indirect exposure of wildlife and humans, recent studies suggest a toxicological nature for some of these agents. Reviews on the role of these agents in developmental and endocrine impairments (both pathology and related mechanisms) are based on both animal and human studies, yet information regarding the potential neurotoxicity of these agents is scant. In this review, data regarding the neurotoxicity of several organic filters: octyl methoxycinnamate, benzophenone-3 and −4, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, 3-benzylidene camphor and octocrylene, and two allowed inorganic filters: zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, is presented and discussed. Taken together, this review advocates revisiting the current safety and regulation of specific sunscreens and investing in alternative UV protection technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Ruszkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Adi Pinkas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Beatriz Ferrer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Tanara V Peres
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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Cai X, Lee A, Ji Z, Huang C, Chang CH, Wang X, Liao YP, Xia T, Li R. Reduction of pulmonary toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles by phosphonate-based surface passivation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:13. [PMID: 28431555 PMCID: PMC5399805 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The wide application of engineered nanoparticles has induced increasing exposure to humans and environment, which led to substantial concerns on their biosafety. Some metal oxides (MOx) have shown severe toxicity in cells and animals, thus safe designs of MOx with reduced hazard potential are desired. Currently, there is a lack of a simple yet effective safe design approach for the toxic MOx. In this study, we determined the key physicochemical properties of MOx that lead to cytotoxicity and explored a safe design approach for toxic MOx by modifying their hazard properties. Results THP-1 and BEAS-2B cells were exposed to 0–200 μg/mL MOx for 24 h, we found some toxic MOx including CoO, CuO, Ni2O3 and Co3O4, could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell death due to the toxic ion shedding and/or oxidative stress generation from the active surface of MOx internalized into lysosomes. We thus hypothesized that surface passivation could reduce or eliminate the toxicity of MOx. We experimented with a series of surface coating molecules and discovered that ethylenediamine tetra (methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMP) could form stable hexadentate coordination with MOx. The coating layer can effectively reduce the surface activity of MOx with 85-99% decrease of oxidative potential, and 65-98% decrease of ion shedding. The EDTMP coated MOx show negligible ROS generation and cell death in THP-1 and BEAS-2B cells. The protective effect of EDTMP coating was further validated in mouse lungs exposed to 2 mg/kg MOx by oropharyngeal aspiration. After 40 h exposure, EDTMP coated MOx show significant decreases of neutrophil counts, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, MCP-1, LIX and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), compared to uncoated particles. The haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining results of lung tissue also show EDTMP coating could significantly reduce the pulmonary inflammation of MOx. Conclusions The surface reactivity of MOx including ion shedding and oxidative potential is the dominated physicochemical property that is responsible for the cytotoxicity induced by MOx. EDTMP coating could passivate the surface of MOx, reduce their cytotoxicity and pulmonary hazard effects. This coating would be an effective safe design approach for a broad spectrum of toxic MOx, which will facilitate the safe use of MOx in commercial nanoproducts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-017-0193-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Cai
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Anson Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Cynthia Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA. .,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
| | - Ruibin Li
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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15
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Quadri F, Prox JD, Guo L. Cytotoxicity of ZnO Nanowire Arrays on Excitable Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7040080. [PMID: 28387734 PMCID: PMC5408172 DOI: 10.3390/nano7040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires have been widely studied for their applications in electronics, optics, and catalysts. Their semiconducting, piezoelectric, fluorescent, and antibacterial properties have also attracted broad interest in their biomedical applications. Thus, it is imperative to evaluate the biosafety of ZnO nanowires and their biological effects. In this study, the cellular level biological effects of ZnO nanowire arrays are specifically tested on three types of excitable cells, including NG108-15 neuronal cell line, HL-1 cardiac muscle cell line, and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Vertically aligned and densely packed ZnO nanowire arrays are synthesized using a solution-based method and used as a substrate for cell culture. The metabolism levels of all three types of cells cultured on ZnO nanowire arrays are studied using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays of a full factorial design. Under the studied settings, the results show statistically significant inhibitory effects of ZnO nanowire arrays on the metabolism of NG108-15 and HL-1 cells in comparison to gold, glass, and polystyrene substrates, and on the metabolism of cardiomyocytes in comparison to gold substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Farhan Quadri
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jordan D Prox
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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16
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Ban DK, Paul S. Nano Zinc Oxide Inhibits Fibrillar Growth and Suppresses Cellular Toxicity of Lysozyme Amyloid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31587-31601. [PMID: 27801574 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid fibers has been a common pathological event in many neurodegenerations, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Prion disease. Although various therapeutic interventions have been reported, nanoparticles have recently been considered as possible inhibitors of amyloid fibrillation. Here, we reported the effect of three different forms of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP): uncapped (ZnONPuncap), starch-capped (ZnONPST), and self-assembled (ZnONPassmb) (average sizes of 10, 30, and 163 nm, respectively), having a core size of 10-15 nm, in the amyloid growth of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). We monitored the amyloid growth by electron microscopy as well as Thioflavin-T (ThT) measurement. We observed that ZnONP demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of fibrillar amyloid growth of HEWL, with the greatest effect being exhibited by ZnONPST. Such inhibition was also associated with a decrease in cross β-sheet amount, surface hydrophobicity as well as increase of stability of proteins. Furthermore, we observed that ZnONPST prolonged the nucleation phase and shortened the elongation phase of HEWL amyloid growth. Although pure amyloid caused profound cellular toxicity in both mouse carcinoma N2a and normal cells such as human keratinocytes HaCaT cells, amyloid formed in the presence of ZnONP showed much reduced cellular toxicity. We also observed that the inhibition of amyloid growth was effective when ZnONP was administered during the lag phase. When our amyloid inhibition results were compared with a well-known inhibitor curcumin, we observed that ZnONPST demonstrated a better inhibitory effect than curcumin. Overall, here, we reported the inhibitory activity of three different forms of ZnONP to amyloid fibrillation of HEWL and amyloid-mediated cytotoxicity to different extents, while starch-capped ZnONP showed the highest fibrillation inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Kumar Ban
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology , Rourkela-769008, Odisha, India
| | - Subhankar Paul
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology , Rourkela-769008, Odisha, India
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17
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Ou L, Song B, Liang H, Liu J, Feng X, Deng B, Sun T, Shao L. Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:57. [PMID: 27799056 PMCID: PMC5088662 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique physicochemical properties, graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) are widely used in many fields, especially in biomedical applications. Currently, many studies have investigated the biocompatibility and toxicity of GFNs in vivo and in intro. Generally, GFNs may exert different degrees of toxicity in animals or cell models by following with different administration routes and penetrating through physiological barriers, subsequently being distributed in tissues or located in cells, eventually being excreted out of the bodies. This review collects studies on the toxic effects of GFNs in several organs and cell models. We also point out that various factors determine the toxicity of GFNs including the lateral size, surface structure, functionalization, charge, impurities, aggregations, and corona effect ect. In addition, several typical mechanisms underlying GFN toxicity have been revealed, for instance, physical destruction, oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. In these mechanisms, (toll-like receptors-) TLR-, transforming growth factor β- (TGF-β-) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) dependent-pathways are involved in the signalling pathway network, and oxidative stress plays a crucial role in these pathways. In this review, we summarize the available information on regulating factors and the mechanisms of GFNs toxicity, and propose some challenges and suggestions for further investigations of GFNs, with the aim of completing the toxicology mechanisms, and providing suggestions to improve the biological safety of GFNs and facilitate their wide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Song
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Huimin Liang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jia Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Bin Deng
- The General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
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18
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Oytam Y, Sobhanmanesh F, Duesing K, Bowden JC, Osmond-McLeod M, Ross J. Risk-conscious correction of batch effects: maximising information extraction from high-throughput genomic datasets. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:332. [PMID: 27585881 PMCID: PMC5009651 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Batch effects are a persistent and pervasive form of measurement noise which undermine the scientific utility of high-throughput genomic datasets. At their most benign, they reduce the power of statistical tests resulting in actual effects going unidentified. At their worst, they constitute confounds and render datasets useless. Attempting to remove batch effects will result in some of the biologically meaningful component of the measurement (i.e. signal) being lost. We present and benchmark a novel technique, called Harman. Harman maximises the removal of batch noise with the constraint that the risk of also losing biologically meaningful component of the measurement is kept to a fraction which is set by the user. RESULTS Analyses of three independent publically available datasets reveal that Harman removes more batch noise and preserves more signal at the same time, than the current leading technique. Results also show that Harman is able to identify and remove batch effects no matter what their relative size compared to other sources of variation in the dataset. Of particular advantage for meta-analyses and data integration is Harman's superior consistency in achieving comparable noise suppression - signal preservation trade-offs across multiple datasets, with differing number of treatments, replicates and processing batches. CONCLUSION Harman's ability to better remove batch noise, and better preserve biologically meaningful signal simultaneously within a single study, and maintain the user-set trade-off between batch noise rejection and signal preservation across different studies makes it an effective alternative method to deal with batch effects in high-throughput genomic datasets. Harman is flexible in terms of the data types it can process. It is available publically as an R package ( https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/Harman.html ), as well as a compiled Matlab package ( http://www.bioinformatics.csiro.au/harman/ ) which does not require a Matlab license to run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalchin Oytam
- CSIRO, Genomics and Cellular Sciences, Transformational Biology CP, North Ryde, NSW Australia
- CSIRO, Genomics and Cellular Sciences, Advanced Materials CP (Nanosafety), 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW 2113 Australia
| | - Fariborz Sobhanmanesh
- CSIRO, Genomics and Cellular Sciences, Transformational Biology CP, North Ryde, NSW Australia
| | - Konsta Duesing
- CSIRO, Genomics and Cellular Sciences, Transformational Biology CP, North Ryde, NSW Australia
| | | | - Megan Osmond-McLeod
- CSIRO, Genomics and Cellular Sciences, Advanced Materials CP (Nanosafety), 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW 2113 Australia
| | - Jason Ross
- CSIRO, Genomics and Cellular Sciences, Transformational Biology CP, North Ryde, NSW Australia
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19
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Osmond-McLeod MJ, Oytam Y, Rowe A, Sobhanmanesh F, Greenoak G, Kirby J, McInnes EF, McCall MJ. Long-term exposure to commercially available sunscreens containing nanoparticles of TiO2 and ZnO revealed no biological impact in a hairless mouse model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:44. [PMID: 27534937 PMCID: PMC4989375 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The application of sunscreen is a critical component of a sun-safe strategy, however the possibility of unexpected, adverse outcomes resulting from long-term use of sunscreens containing nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) has not yet been examined. Here, immune-competent hairless mice were exposed over a 36-week period to weekly topical applications of sunscreens containing nanoparticles of ZnO or TiO2, or no metal oxide nanoparticles, with or without subsequent exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Control groups received no sunscreen applications, with or without UVR. Results Mice exposed to UVR in the absence of sunscreen developed statistically significant incidences of histologically-diagnosed malignant and benign skin neoplasms, whereas no statistically significant adverse biological outcomes were found in mice treated with the sunscreens containing ZnO or TiO2 nanoparticles. Elevated levels of Ti were detected in the livers of mice treated with sunscreen containing TiO2 nanoparticles compared to untreated control, but total Zn concentrations did not significantly alter in any major organs except for the skin of mice treated with ZnO sunscreen. Exposure to UVR did not have a significant impact on examined tissue concentrations of Zn or Ti. Few to no transcriptional changes were found in ZnO or TiO2-treated groups, but mice treated with the sunscreen containing only organic filters showed substantial gene disregulation. Conclusions Taken together with previous work, this long-term study provided no basis to avoid the use of sunscreens containing metal oxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Osmond-McLeod
- CSIRO Advanced Materials TCP (Nanosafety), Manufacturing Flagship, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia. .,CSIRO, Food & Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia. .,, PO Box 52, North Ryde, NSW, 1670, Australia.
| | - Yalchin Oytam
- CSIRO Advanced Materials TCP (Nanosafety), Manufacturing Flagship, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia.,CSIRO, Food & Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Anthony Rowe
- CSIRO, Food & Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | | | - Gavin Greenoak
- Australian Photobiology Testing Facility, Forest Lodge, NSW, 2037, Australia
| | - Jason Kirby
- CSIRO Advanced Materials TCP (Nanosafety), Manufacturing Flagship, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia.,CSIRO Land & Water Flagship, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | | | - Maxine J McCall
- CSIRO Advanced Materials TCP (Nanosafety), Manufacturing Flagship, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia.,CSIRO, Food & Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia
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20
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Liu J, Feng X, Wei L, Chen L, Song B, Shao L. The toxicology of ion-shedding zinc oxide nanoparticles. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:348-84. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1137864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Anders CB, Chess JJ, Wingett DG, Punnoose A. Serum Proteins Enhance Dispersion Stability and Influence the Cytotoxicity and Dosimetry of ZnO Nanoparticles in Suspension and Adherent Cancer Cell Models. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:448. [PMID: 26577392 PMCID: PMC4648810 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Agglomeration and sedimentation of nanoparticles (NPs) within biological solutions is a major limitation in their use in many downstream applications. It has been proposed that serum proteins associate with the NP surface to form a protein corona that limits agglomeration and sedimentation. Here, we investigate the effect of fetal bovine serum (FBS) proteins on the dispersion stability, dosimetry, and NP-induced cytotoxicity of cationic zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) synthesized via forced hydrolysis with a core size of 10 nm. Two different in vitro cell culture models, suspension and adherent, were evaluated by comparing a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) nZnO dispersion (nZnO/PBS) and an FBS-stabilized PBS nZnO dispersion (nZnO - FBS/PBS). Surface interactions of FBS on nZnO were analyzed via spectroscopic and optical techniques. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the adsorption of negatively charged protein components on the cationic nZnO surface through the disappearance of surfaced-adsorbed carboxyl functional groups and the subsequent detection of vibrational modes associated with the protein backbone of FBS-associated proteins. Further confirmation of these interactions was noted in the isoelectric point shift of the nZnO from the characteristic pH of 9.5 to a pH of 6.1. In nZnO - FBS/PBS dispersions, the FBS reduced agglomeration and sedimentation behaviors to impart long-term improvements (>24 h) to the nZnO dispersion stability. Furthermore, mathematical dosimetry models indicate that nZnO - FBS/PBS dispersions had consistent NP deposition patterns over time unlike unstable nZnO/PBS dispersions. In suspension cell models, the stable nZnO - FBS/PBS dispersion resulted in a ~33 % increase in the NP-induced cytotoxicity for both Jurkat leukemic and Hut-78 lymphoma cancer cells. In contrast, the nZnO - FBS/PBS dispersion resulted in 49 and 71 % reductions in the cytotoxicity observed towards the adherent breast (T-47D) and prostate (LNCaP) cancer cell lines, respectively. Presence of FBS in the NP dispersions also increased the reactive oxygen species generation. These observations indicate that the improved dispersion stability leads to increased NP bioavailability for suspension cell models and reduced NP sedimentation onto adherent cell layers resulting in more accurate in vitro toxicity assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B Anders
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences PhD program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Jordan J Chess
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugen, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Denise G Wingett
- Biomolecular Sciences PhD program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Alex Punnoose
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Sciences PhD program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.
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22
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Varinli H, Osmond-McLeod MJ, Molloy PL, Vallotton P. LipiD-QuanT: a novel method to quantify lipid accumulation in live cells. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2206-16. [PMID: 26330056 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d059758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are the main storage organelles for triglycerides. Elucidation of lipid accumulation mechanisms and metabolism are essential to understand obesity and associated diseases. Adipogenesis has been well studied in murine 3T3-L1 and human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) preadipocyte cell lines. However, most techniques for measuring LD accumulation are either not quantitative or can be destructive to samples. Here, we describe a novel, label-free LD quantification technique (LipiD-QuanT) to monitor lipid dynamics based on automated image analysis of phase contrast microscopy images acquired during in vitro human adipogenesis. We have applied LipiD-QuanT to measure LD accumulation during differentiation of SGBS cells. We demonstrate that LipiD-QuanT is a robust, nondestructive, time- and cost-effective method compared with other triglyceride accumulation assays based on enzymatic digest or lipophilic staining. Further, we applied LipiD-QuanT to measure the effect of four potential pro- or antiobesogenic substances: DHA, rosiglitazone, elevated levels of D-glucose, and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Our results revealed that 2 µmol/l rosiglitazone treatment during adipogenesis reduced lipid production and caused a negative shift in LD diameter size distribution, but the other treatments showed no effect under the conditions used here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Varinli
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan J Osmond-McLeod
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia CSIRO Advanced Materials TCP (Nanosafety), North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter L Molloy
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pascal Vallotton
- CSIRO Digital Productivity Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Saptarshi SR, Duschl A, Lopata AL. Biological reactivity of zinc oxide nanoparticles with mammalian test systems: an overview. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2075-92. [PMID: 26135328 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have useful physicochemical advantages, and are used extensively. This has raised concerns regarding their potential toxicity. ZnO NP attributes that contribute to cytotoxicity and immune reactivity, however, seem to vary across literature considerably. Largely, dissolution and generation of reactive oxygen species appear to be the most commonly reported paradigms. Moreover, ZnO NP size and shape may also contribute toward their overall nano-bio interactions. Analysis is further complicated by factors such as adsorption of proteins on the NP surface, which may influence their bioreactivity. The main aim of this review is to give a systematic overview of the postulates explaining cytotoxic, inflammatory and genotoxic effects of ZnO NPs when exposed to different types of cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti R Saptarshi
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery & Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery & Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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24
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Yin H, Chen R, Casey PS, Ke PC, Davis TP, Chen C. Reducing the cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles by a pre-formed protein corona in a supplemented cell culture medium. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14870g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) remains a critical concern considering that they are a common constituent in cosmetics and sunscreen formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)
- Manufacturing Flagship
- Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Rui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Philip S. Casey
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)
- Manufacturing Flagship
- Australia
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- China
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25
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Osmond-McLeod MJ, Oytam Y, Kirby JK, Gomez-Fernandez L, Baxter B, McCall MJ. Dermal absorption and short-term biological impact in hairless mice from sunscreens containing zinc oxide nano- or larger particles. Nanotoxicology 2014; 8 Suppl 1:72-84. [PMID: 24266363 PMCID: PMC4179643 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.855832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown no, or very limited, skin penetration of metal oxide nanoparticles following topical application of sunscreens, yet concerns remain about their safety compared to larger particles. Here, we assessed the comparative dermal absorption of a traceable form of Zn ((68)Zn) from (68)ZnO nano-sized and larger particles in sunscreens. Sunscreens were applied to the backs of virgin or pregnant hairless mice over four days. Control groups received topical applications of the sunscreen formulation containing no ZnO particles, or no treatment. Major organs were assessed for changes in (68)Zn/(64)Zn ratios, (68)Zn tracer and total Zn concentrations. Short-term biological impact was assessed by measuring levels of serum amyloid A in blood, and by performing whole-genome transcriptional profiling on livers from each group. Increased concentrations of (68)Zn tracer were detected in internal organs of mice receiving topical applications of (68)ZnO (nano-sized and larger particles), as well as in fetal livers from treated dams, compared with controls. Furthermore, concentrations of (68)Zn in organs of virgin mice treated with sunscreen containing (68)ZnO nanoparticles were found to be significantly higher than in mice treated with sunscreen containing larger (68)ZnO particles. However, no ZnO-mediated change in total Zn concentration in any of the major organs was observed. Thus, despite (68)Zn absorption, which may have been in the form of soluble (68)Zn species or (68)ZnO particles (not known), Zn homeostasis was largely maintained, and the presence of ZnO particles in sunscreen did not elicit an adverse biological response in the mice following short-term topical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Osmond-McLeod
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, CSIRO Advanced Materials TCP (Nanosafety) , North Ryde, NSW , Australia
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26
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Lin CD, Kou YY, Liao CY, Li CH, Huang SP, Cheng YW, Liao WC, Chen HX, Wu PL, Kang JJ, Lee CC, Lai CH. Zinc oxide nanoparticles impair bacterial clearance by macrophages. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:1327-39. [PMID: 24628689 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The extensive development of nanoparticles (NPs) and their widespread employment in daily life have led to an increase in environmental concentrations of substances that may pose a biohazard to humans. The aim of this work was to examine the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the host's pulmonary immune system response to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) infection. MATERIALS & METHODS A murine infection model was employed to assess pulmonary inflammation and bacterial clearance in response to exposure to ZnO-NPs. The molecular mechanisms underlying ZnO-NP-impaired macrophage activation were investigated. RESULTS Treatment with ZnO-NPs impaired macrophage activation, leading to a delay in NTHi clearance in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluids and lungs. Exposure to ZnO-NPs followed by NTHi challenge decreased levels of nitric oxide compared with NTHi infection alone. The effects of ZnO-NPs involved downregulation of NTHi-activated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and the translocation of active NF-kB into the nucleus. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that exposure to ZnO-NPs can impair innate immune responses and attenuate macrophage responses to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Der Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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