1
|
Peltz G, Tan Y. What Have We Learned (or Expect to) From Analysis of Murine Genetic Models Related to Substance Use Disorders? Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:793961. [PMID: 35095607 PMCID: PMC8790171 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.793961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous public health problem created by substance use disorders (SUDs) presents a major opportunity for mouse genetics. Inbred mouse strains exhibit substantial and heritable differences in their responses to drugs of abuse (DOA) and in many of the behaviors associated with susceptibility to SUD. Therefore, genetic discoveries emerging from analysis of murine genetic models can provide critically needed insight into the neurobiological effects of DOA, and they can reveal how genetic factors affect susceptibility drug addiction. There are already indications, emerging from our prior analyses of murine genetic models of responses related to SUDs that mouse genetic models of SUD can provide actionable information, which can lead to new approaches for alleviating SUDs. Lastly, we consider the features of murine genetic models that enable causative genetic factors to be successfully identified; and the methodologies that facilitate genetic discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo R, Li H, Shi R, Wang Y. Intrathecal Injection of GRIP-siRNA Reduces Postoperative Synaptic Abundance of Kainate Receptor GluK2 Subunits in Rat Dorsal Horns and Pain Hypersensitivity. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1771-1780. [PMID: 33847855 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying postoperative pain differ from the inflammatory or neuropathic pain. Previous studies have demonstrated that intrathecal α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methy-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) -kainate (KA) receptor antagonist inhibits the guarding pain behavior and mechanical hyperalgesia, indicating a critical role of spinal KA receptors in postoperative pain hypersensitivity. However, how the functional regulations of spinal KA receptor subunits are involved in the postoperative pain hypersensitivity remains elusive. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the synaptic delivery of spinal KA receptor subunits and the interaction between KA receptor subunits and glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) during the postoperative pain. Our data indicated that plantar incision induced the synaptic delivery of GluK2, but not GluK1 or GluK3 in ipsilateral spinal cord dorsal horns. The co-immunoprecipitation showed an increased GluK2 -GRIP interaction in ipsilateral dorsal horn neurons at 6 h post-incision. Interestingly, Intrathecal pretreatment of GRIP siRNA increased the paw withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimuli and decreased the cumulative pain scores in the paws ipsilateral to the incision at 6 h post-incision. Additionally, Intrathecal pretreatment of GRIP siRNA reduced the synaptic abundance of GluK2 in ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn at 6 h after plantar incision. In general, our data have demonstrated that the GluK2- GRIP interaction-mediated synaptic abundance of GluK2 in dorsal horn neurons plays an important role in the postoperative pain hypersensitivity. Disrupting the GluK2- GRIP interaction may provide a new approach for relieving postoperative pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongtinan Road, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongtinan Road, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongtinan Road, Beijing, 100020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tian X, Zhu H, Du S, Zhang XQ, Lin F, Ji F, Tsou YH, Li Z, Feng Y, Ticehurst K, Hannaford S, Xu X, Tao YX. Injectable PLGA-Coated Ropivacaine Produces A Long-Lasting Analgesic Effect on Incisional Pain and Neuropathic Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2020; 22:180-195. [PMID: 32739615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The management of persistent postsurgical pain and neuropathic pain remains a challenge in the clinic. Local anesthetics have been widely used as simple and effective treatment for these 2 disorders, but the duration of their analgesic effect is short. We here reported a new poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-coated ropivacaine that was continuously released in vitro for at least 6 days. Perisciatic nerve injection of the PLGA-coated ropivacaine attenuated paw incision-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia during the incisional pain period, and spared nerve injury-induced mechanical and cold allodynia for at least 7 days postinjection. This effect was dose-dependent. Perisciatic nerve injection of the PLGA-coated ropivacaine did not produce detectable inflammation, tissue irritation, or damage in the sciatic nerve and surrounding muscles at the injected site, dorsal root ganglion, spinal cord, or brain cortex, although the scores for grasping reflex were mildly and transiently reduced in the higher dosage-treated groups. PERSPECTIVE: Given that PLGA is an FDA-approved medical material, and that ropivacaine is used currently in clinical practice, the injectable PLGA-coated ropivacaine represents a new and highly promising avenue in the management of postsurgical pain and neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Shibin Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuqing Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Fengtao Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Yung-Hao Tsou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kathryn Ticehurst
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Stephen Hannaford
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Guo X, Sun L, Xiao J, Su S, Du S, Li Z, Wu S, Liu W, Mo K, Xia S, Chang Y, Denis D, Tao Y. N 6-Methyladenosine Demethylase FTO Contributes to Neuropathic Pain by Stabilizing G9a Expression in Primary Sensory Neurons. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902402. [PMID: 32670741 PMCID: PMC7341103 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nerve injury-induced change in gene expression in primary sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is critical for neuropathic pain genesis. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA represents an additional layer of gene regulation. Here, it is reported that peripheral nerve injury increases the expression of the m6A demethylase fat-mass and obesity-associated proteins (FTO) in the injured DRG via the activation of Runx1, a transcription factor that binds to the Fto gene promoter. Mimicking this increase erases m6A in euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 (Ehmt2) mRNA (encoding the histone methyltransferase G9a) and elevates the level of G9a in DRG and leads to neuropathic pain symptoms. Conversely, blocking this increase reverses a loss of m6A sites in Ehmt2 mRNA and destabilizes the nerve injury-induced G9a upregulation in the injured DRG and alleviates nerve injury-associated pain hypersensitivities. FTO contributes to neuropathic pain likely through stabilizing nerve injury-induced upregulation of G9a, a neuropathic pain initiator, in primary sensory neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yize Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E594NewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Xinying Guo
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E594NewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E594NewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Jifang Xiao
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E594NewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Songxue Su
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & NeuroscienceNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E661NewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Shibin Du
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E594NewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E594NewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Shaogen Wu
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E594NewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Weili Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E594NewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Kai Mo
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E594NewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Shangzhou Xia
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E594NewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Yun‐Juan Chang
- The Office of Advanced Research ComputingRutgers, The State University of New Jersey 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB C‐630NewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Daniel Denis
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E594NewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Yuan‐Xiang Tao
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E594NewarkNJ07103USA
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & NeuroscienceNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E661NewarkNJ07103USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular MedicineNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey185 S. Orange Ave., MSB E661NewarkNJ07103USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toll-like receptor 7 contributes to neuropathic pain by activating NF-κB in primary sensory neurons. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:840-851. [PMID: 32205121 PMCID: PMC7316623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) is expressed in neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), but whether it contributes to neuropathic pain is elusive. We found that peripheral nerve injury caused by ligation of the fourth lumbar (L4) spinal nerve (SNL) or chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve led to a significant increase in the expression of TLR7 at mRNA and protein levels in mouse injured DRG. Blocking this increase through microinjection of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) 5 expressing TLR7 shRNA into the ipsilateral L4 DRG alleviated the SNL-induced mechanical, thermal and cold pain hypersensitivities in both male and female mice. This microinjection also attenuated the SNL-induced increases in the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (p-ERK1/2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in L4 dorsal horn on the ipsilateral side during both development and maintenance periods. Conversely, mimicking this increase through microinjection of AAV5 expressing full-length TLR7 into unilateral L3/4 DRGs led to elevations in the amounts of p-ERK1/2 and GFAP in the dorsal horn, augmented responses to mechanical, thermal and cold stimuli, and induced the spontaneous pain on the ipsilateral side in the absence of SNL. Mechanistically, the increased TLR7 activated the NF-κB signaling pathway through promoting the translocation of p65 into the nucleus and phosphorylation of p65 in the nucleus from the injured DRG neurons. Our findings suggest that DRG TLR7 contributes to neuropathic pain by activating NF-κB in primary sensory neurons. TLR7 may be a potential target for therapeutic treatment of this disorder.
Collapse
|
6
|
PSD-93 Interacts with SynGAP and Promotes SynGAP Ubiquitination and Ischemic Brain Injury in Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1137-1147. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
7
|
Mohaved SB, Shilpa G, Li Q, Austah O, Bendele M, Brock R, Ruparel NB. Apical periodontitis-induced mechanical allodynia: A mouse model to study infection-induced chronic pain conditions. Mol Pain 2020; 16:1744806919900725. [PMID: 31902318 PMCID: PMC6977224 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919900725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection-induced chronic pain is an under-studied pain condition. One example is apical periodontitis, which evokes considerable mechanical allodynia that persists after treatment in 7% to 12% of patients. Available analgesics often provide incomplete relief. However, a preclinical model to study pain mechanisms associated with apical periodontitis is not available. Here, we report a mouse model of apical periodontitis to facilitate studies determining mechanisms mediating persistent infection-induced pain. Mice were anesthetized and the left first molar was exposed to the oral environment for six weeks. Bone resorption, as an indicator of apical periodontitis, was quantified using microcomputed tomography. Mechanical allodynia was determined using extraoral von-Frey filaments in both male and female mice. The expression of c-fos in the medullary dorsal horn was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Mice with apical periodontitis developed significant mechanical allodynia by day 7 that was maintained for 42 days. Mechanical thresholds were significantly lower in females compared to males. Administration of ibuprofen, morphine, or MK-801 reversed mechanical allodynia. Finally, apical periodontitis triggered an upregulation of c-fos in the medullary dorsal horn. Collectively, this model simulates signs of clinical pain experienced by patients with apical periodontitis, detects sex differences in allodynia, and permits the study of peripheral and central trigeminal pain mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed B Mohaved
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ganatra Shilpa
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Obadah Austah
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Bendele
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert Brock
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nikita B Ruparel
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fn14 Participates in Neuropathic Pain Through NF-κB Pathway in Primary Sensory Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7085-7096. [PMID: 30976982 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-inducible-14 (Fn14), a receptor for tumor necrosis-like weak inducer of apoptosis, is expressed in the neurons of dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Its mRNA is increased in the injured DRG following peripheral nerve injury. Whether this increase contributes to neuropathic pain is unknown. We reported here that peripheral nerve injury caused by spinal nerve ligation (SNL) increased the expression of Fn14 at both protein and mRNA levels in the injured DRG. Blocking this increase attenuated the development of SNL-induced mechanical, thermal, and cold pain hypersensitivities. Conversely, mimicking this increase produced the increases in the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ and glial fibrillary acidic protein in ipsilateral dorsal horn and the enhanced responses to mechanical, thermal, and cold stimuli in the absence of SNL. Mechanistically, the increased Fn14 activated the NF-κB pathway through promoting the translocation of p65 into the nucleus of the injured DRG neurons. Our findings suggest that Fn14 may be a potential target for the therapeutic treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu Q, Wei G, Ji F, Jia S, Wu S, Guo X, He L, Pan Z, Miao X, Mao Q, Yang Y, Cao M, Tao YX. TET1 Overexpression Mitigates Neuropathic Pain Through Rescuing the Expression of μ-Opioid Receptor and Kv1.2 in the Primary Sensory Neurons. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:491-504. [PMID: 30515739 PMCID: PMC6554405 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-00689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury downregulates the expression of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv1.2 by increasing their DNA methylation in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) causes DNA demethylation. Given that DRG MOR and Kv1.2 downregulation contribute to neuropathic pain genesis, this study investigated the effect of DRG TET1 overexpression on neuropathic pain. Overexpression of TET1 in the DRG through microinjection of herpes simplex virus expressing full-length TET1 mRNA into the injured rat DRG significantly alleviated the fifth lumbar spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced pain hypersensitivities during the development and maintenance periods, without altering acute pain or locomotor function. This microinjection also restored morphine analgesia and attenuated morphine analgesic tolerance development after SNL. Mechanistically, TET1 microinjection rescued the expression of MOR and Kv1.2 by reducing the level of 5-methylcytosine and increasing the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in the promoter and 5' untranslated regions of the Oprml1 gene (encoding MOR) and in the promoter region of the Kcna2 gene (encoding Kv1.2) in the DRG ipsilateral to SNL. These findings suggest that DRG TET1 overexpression mitigated neuropathic pain likely through rescue of MOR and Kv1.2 expression in the ipsilateral DRG. Virus-mediated DRG delivery of TET1 may open a new avenue for neuropathic pain management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, E-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Guihua Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, E-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengtao Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, E-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Shushan Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, E-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Shaogen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, E-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Xinying Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, E-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Long He
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, E-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, E-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Xuerong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, E-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Qingxiang Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, E-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, E-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, E-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yuan J, Wen J, Wu S, Mao Y, Mo K, Li Z, Su S, Gu H, Ai Y, Bekker A, Zhang W, Tao YX. Contribution of dorsal root ganglion octamer transcription factor 1 to neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Pain 2019; 160:375-384. [PMID: 30247265 PMCID: PMC6344274 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain genesis is related to gene alterations in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after peripheral nerve injury. Transcription factors control gene expression. In this study, we investigated whether octamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1), a transcription factor, contributed to neuropathic pain caused by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Chronic constriction injury produced a time-dependent increase in the level of OCT1 protein in the ipsilateral L4/5 DRG, but not in the spinal cord. Blocking this increase through microinjection of OCT1 siRNA into the ipsilateral L4/5 DRG attenuated the initiation and maintenance of CCI-induced mechanical allodynia, heat hyperalgesia, and cold allodynia and improved morphine analgesia after CCI, without affecting basal responses to acute mechanical, heat, and cold stimuli as well as locomotor functions. Mimicking this increase through microinjection of recombinant adeno-associated virus 5 harboring full-length OCT1 into the unilateral L4/5 DRG led to marked mechanical allodynia, heat hyperalgesia, and cold allodynia in naive rats. Mechanistically, OCT1 participated in CCI-induced increases in Dnmt3a mRNA and its protein and DNMT3a-mediated decreases in Oprm1 and Kcna2 mRNAs and their proteins in the injured DRG. These findings indicate that OCT1 may participate in neuropathic pain at least in part by transcriptionally activating Dnmt3a and subsequently epigenetic silencing of Oprm1 and Kcan2 in the DRG. OCT1 may serve as a potential target for therapeutic treatments against neuropathic pain.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Animals
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- DNA Methyltransferase 3A
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/etiology
- Kv1.2 Potassium Channel/metabolism
- Male
- Microinjections
- Morphine/therapeutic use
- Octamer Transcription Factor-1/genetics
- Octamer Transcription Factor-1/metabolism
- Pain Measurement/drug effects
- Pain Threshold/drug effects
- Pain Threshold/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Sciatica/complications
- Sciatica/drug therapy
- Sciatica/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transduction, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Shaogen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Kai Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Zhisong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 45001, China
| | - Songxue Su
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 45001, China
| | - Hanwen Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yanqiu Ai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 45001, China
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 45001, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lueptow LM, Fakira AK, Bobeck EN. The Contribution of the Descending Pain Modulatory Pathway in Opioid Tolerance. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:886. [PMID: 30542261 PMCID: PMC6278175 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids remain among the most effective pain-relieving therapeutics. However, their long-term use is limited due to the development of tolerance and potential for addiction. For many years, researchers have explored the underlying mechanisms that lead to this decreased effectiveness of opioids after repeated use, and numerous theories have been proposed to explain these changes. The most widely studied theories involve alterations in receptor trafficking and intracellular signaling. Other possible mechanisms include the recruitment of new structural neuronal and microglia networks. While many of these theories have been developed using molecular and cellular techniques, more recent behavioral data also supports these findings. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that underlie tolerance within the descending pain modulatory pathway, including alterations in intracellular signaling, neural-glial interactions, and neurotransmission following opioid exposure. Developing a better understanding of the relationship between these various mechanisms, within different parts of this pathway, is vital for the identification of more efficacious, novel therapeutics to treat chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Lueptow
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amanda K Fakira
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erin N Bobeck
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo R, Li H, Li X, Xue Z, Sun Y, Ma D, Guan Y, Li J, Tian M, Wang Y. Downregulation of neuroligin1 ameliorates postoperative pain through inhibiting neuroligin1/postsynaptic density 95-mediated synaptic targeting of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor GluA1 subunits in rat dorsal horns. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918766745. [PMID: 29592780 PMCID: PMC5881971 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918766745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroligin1 is an important synaptic cell adhesion molecule that modulates the function of synapses through protein-protein interactions. Yet, it remains unclear whether the regulation of synaptic transmission in the spinal cord by neruoligin1 contributes to the development of postoperative pain. In a rat model of postoperative pain induced by plantar incision, we conducted Western blot study to examine changes in the expression of postsynaptic membrane of neuroligin1, postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95), and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor GluA1 and GluA2 subunits in the spinal cord dorsal horn after injury. The interaction between neuroligin1 and PSD-95 was further determined by using coimmunoprecipitation. Protein levels of neuroligin1 and GluA1, but not GluA2 and PSD-95, were significantly increased in the postsynaptic membrane of the ipsilateral dorsal horn at 3 h and 1 day after incision, as compared to that in control group (naïve). A greater amount of PSD-95 was coimmunoprecipitated with neuroligin1 at 3 h after incision than that in the control group. Intrathecal administration of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting neuroligin1 suppressed the expression of neuroligin1 in the spinal cord. Importantly, pretreatment with intrathecal neuroligin1 siRNA2497, but not scrambled siRNA or vehicle, prevented the upregulation of GluA1 expression at 3 h after incision, inhibited the enhanced neuroligin1/PSD-95 interaction, and attenuated postoperative pain. Together, current findings suggest that downregulation of spinal neuroligin1 expression may ameliorate postoperative pain through inhibiting neuroligin1/PSD-95 interaction and synaptic targeting of GluA1 subunit. Accordingly, spinal neuroligin1 may be a potential new target for postoperative pain treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Guo
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huili Li
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyang Li
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojing Xue
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Danxu Ma
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Guan
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The 1466 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Junfa Li
- 4 Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Tian
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
MBD1 Contributes to the Genesis of Acute Pain and Neuropathic Pain by Epigenetic Silencing of Oprm1 and Kcna2 Genes in Primary Sensory Neurons. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9883-9899. [PMID: 30266739 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0880-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of normal sensory and/or acute noxious information requires intact expression of pain-associated genes within the pain pathways of nervous system. Expressional changes of these genes after peripheral nerve injury are also critical for neuropathic pain induction and maintenance. Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 1 (MBD1), an epigenetic repressor, regulates gene transcriptional activity. We report here that MBD1 in the primary sensory neurons of DRG is critical for the genesis of acute pain and neuropathic pain as DRG MBD1-deficient mice exhibit the reduced responses to acute mechanical, heat, cold, and capsaicin stimuli and the blunted nerve injury-induced pain hypersensitivities. Furthermore, DRG overexpression of MBD1 leads to spontaneous pain and evoked pain hypersensitivities in the WT mice and restores acute pain sensitivities in the MBD1-deficient mice. Mechanistically, MDB1 represses Oprm1 and Kcna2 gene expression by recruiting DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a into these two gene promoters in the DRG neurons. DRG MBD1 is likely a key player under the conditions of acute pain and neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the present study, we revealed that the mice with deficiency of methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 1 (MBD1), an epigenetic repressor, in the DRG displayed the reduced responses to acute noxious stimuli and the blunted neuropathic pain. We also showed that DRG overexpression of MBD1 produced the hypersensitivities to noxious stimuli in the WT mice and rescued acute pain sensitivities in the MBD1-deficient mice. We have also provided the evidence that MDB1 represses Oprm1 and Kcna2 gene expression by recruiting DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a into these two gene promoters in the DRG neurons. DRG MBD1 may participate in the genesis of acute pain and neuropathic pain likely through regulating DNMT3a-controlled Oprm1 and Kcna2 gene expression in the DRG neurons.
Collapse
|
14
|
Mao Q, Yuan J, Ming X, Wu S, Chen L, Bekker A, Yang T, Tao YX. Role of dorsal root ganglion K2p1.1 in peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917701135. [PMID: 28326939 PMCID: PMC5367768 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917701135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury-caused hyperexcitability and abnormal ectopic discharges in the primary sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) play a key role in neuropathic pain development and maintenance. The two-pore domain background potassium (K2P) channels have been identified as key determinants of the resting membrane potential and neuronal excitability. However, whether K2P channels contribute to neuropathic pain is still elusive. We reported here that K2P1.1, the first identified mammalian K2P channel, was highly expressed in mouse DRG and distributed in small-, medium-, and large-sized DRG neurons. Unilateral lumbar (L) 4 spinal nerve ligation led to a significant and time-dependent reduction of K2P1.1 mRNA and protein in the ipsilateral L4 DRG, but not in the contralateral L4 or ipsilateral L3 DRG. Rescuing this reduction through microinjection of adeno-associated virus-DJ expressing full-length K2P1.1 mRNA into the ipsilateral L4 DRG blocked spinal nerve ligation-induced mechanical, thermal, and cold pain hypersensitivities during the development and maintenance periods. This DRG viral microinjection did not affect acute pain and locomotor function. Our findings suggest that K2P1.1 participates in neuropathic pain development and maintenance and may be a potential target in the management of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Mao
- Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University
| | | | | | | | - Liyong Chen
- Daping Hospital, Institute of Surgery Research, The Third Military Medical University
| | | | - Tiande Yang
- Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo R, Li H, Li X, Sun Y, Miao H, Ma D, Hong F, Zhang Y, Guan Y, Li J, Tian M, Wang Y. Increased Neuroligin 2 Levels in the Postsynaptic Membrane in Spinal Dorsal Horn may Contribute to Postoperative Pain. Neuroscience 2018; 382:14-22. [PMID: 29715511 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuroligin 2 is a synaptic cell adhesion molecule that is mainly located in inhibitory synapses and is crucial in the regulation of synapse function through protein-protein interactions. However, researchers have not clearly determined whether neuroligin 2 is involved in the development of postoperative pain. In the current study, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation were used to examine the critical role of neuroligin 2 in postoperative pain hypersensitivity. A small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-targeting neuroligin 2 was used to inhibit neuroligin 2 expression. Our data found that plantar incision induced postoperative pain hypersensitivity, which was characterized by paw withdrawal threshold and cumulative pain score. The upregulation of neuroligin 2 and GluR1 expression in the postsynaptic membranes of ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn was observed at 3 h and 1 day after plantar incision. Additionally, at 3 h after plantar incision, the amount of PSD-95 that was co-immunoprecipitated with neuroligin 2 antibody was significantly increased in the ipsilateral dorsal horn, as compared to that of the control group. Intrathecal pretreatment of siRNA-targeting neuroligin 2 to reduce the neuroligin 2 expression in the spinal cord significantly inhibited the pain hypersensitivity and reduced the synaptic targeting of GluR1 in ipsilateral dorsal horns. Our study indicates that the incision-induced interaction between neuroligin 2 and PSD-95 and subsequent synaptic targeting of GluR1 in ipsilateral dorsal horns contribute to postoperative pain hypersensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xueyang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Huihui Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Danxu Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Fangxiao Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Junfa Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun L, Zhao JY, Gu X, Liang L, Wu S, Mo K, Feng J, Guo W, Zhang J, Bekker A, Zhao X, Nestler EJ, Tao YX. Nerve injury-induced epigenetic silencing of opioid receptors controlled by DNMT3a in primary afferent neurons. Pain 2018; 158:1153-1165. [PMID: 28267064 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are the gold standard for pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain, but their analgesic effects are unsatisfactory in part due to nerve injury-induced downregulation of opioid receptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. How nerve injury drives such downregulation remains elusive. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)-triggered DNA methylation represses gene expression. We show here that blocking the nerve injury-induced increase in DRG DNMT3a (a de novo DNMT) rescued the expression of Oprm1 and Oprk1 mRNAs and their respective encoding mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) proteins in the injured DRG. Blocking this increase also prevented the nerve injury-induced increase in DNA methylation in the promoter and 5'-untranslated region of the Oprm1 gene in the injured DRG, restored morphine or loperamide (a peripheral acting MOR preferring agonist) analgesic effects, and attenuated the development of their analgesic tolerance under neuropathic pain conditions. Mimicking this increase reduced the expression of Oprm1 and Oprk1 mRNAs and their coding MOR and KOR in DRG and augmented MOR-gated neurotransmitter release from the primary afferents. Mechanistically, DNMT3a regulation of Oprm1 gene expression required the methyl-CpG-binding protein 1, MBD1, as MBD1 knockout resulted in the decreased binding of DNMT3a to the Oprm1 gene promoter and blocked the DNMT3a-triggered repression of Oprm1 gene expression in DRG neurons. These data suggest that DNMT3a is required for nerve injury-induced and MBD1-mediated epigenetic silencing of the MOR and KOR in the injured DRG. DNMT3a inhibition may serve as a promising adjuvant therapy for opioid use in neuropathic pain management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sun
- aDepartment of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA bState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China cFishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA dDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA eDepartments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Z, Mao Y, Liang L, Wu S, Yuan J, Mo K, Cai W, Mao Q, Cao J, Bekker A, Zhang W, Tao YX. The transcription factor C/EBPβ in the dorsal root ganglion contributes to peripheral nerve trauma-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/487/eaam5345. [PMID: 28698219 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam5345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in gene transcription in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after nerve trauma contribute to the genesis of neuropathic pain. We report that peripheral nerve trauma caused by chronic constriction injury (CCI) increased the abundance of the transcription factor C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β) in the DRG. Blocking this increase mitigated the development and maintenance of CCI-induced mechanical, thermal, and cold pain hypersensitivities without affecting basal responses to acute pain and locomotor activity. Conversely, mimicking this increase produced hypersensitivity to mechanical, thermal, or cold pain. In the ipsilateral DRG, C/EBPβ promoted a decrease in the abundance of the voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv1.2 and μ opioid receptor (MOR) at the mRNA and protein levels, which would be predicted to increase excitability in the ipsilateral DRG neurons and reduce the efficacy of morphine analgesia. These effects required C/EPBβ-mediated transcriptional activation of Ehmt2 (euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2), which encodes G9a, an epigenetic silencer of the genes encoding Kv1.2 and MOR. Blocking the increase in C/EBPβ in the DRG improved morphine analgesia after CCI. These results suggest that C/EBPβ is an endogenous initiator of neuropathic pain and could be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhisong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Lingli Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Shaogen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Kai Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.,Pain Research Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Qingxiang Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.,Pain Research Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China. .,Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a contributes to neuropathic pain by repressing Kcna2 in primary afferent neurons. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14712. [PMID: 28270689 PMCID: PMC5344974 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury induces changes in gene transcription in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which may contribute to nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. DNA methylation represses gene expression. Here, we report that peripheral nerve injury increases expression of the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a in the injured DRG neurons via the activation of the transcription factor octamer transcription factor 1. Blocking this increase prevents nerve injury-induced methylation of the voltage-dependent potassium (Kv) channel subunit Kcna2 promoter region and rescues Kcna2 expression in the injured DRG and attenuates neuropathic pain. Conversely, in the absence of nerve injury, mimicking this increase reduces the Kcna2 promoter activity, diminishes Kcna2 expression, decreases Kv current, increases excitability in DRG neurons and leads to spinal cord central sensitization and neuropathic pain symptoms. These findings suggest that DNMT3a may contribute to neuropathic pain by repressing Kcna2 expression in the DRG.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen SP, Fuh JL, Chung MY, Lin YC, Liao YC, Wang YF, Hsu CL, Yang UC, Lin MW, Chiou JJ, Wang PJ, Chen PK, Fan PC, Wu JY, Chen YT, Kao LS, Shen-Jang Fann C, Wang SJ. Genome-wide association study identifies novel susceptibility loci for migraine in Han Chinese resided in Taiwan. Cephalalgia 2017; 38:466-475. [PMID: 28952330 DOI: 10.1177/0333102417695105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Susceptibility genes for migraine, despite it being a highly prevalent and disabling neurological disorder, have not been analyzed in Asians by genome-wide association study (GWAS). Methods We conducted a two-stage case-control GWAS to identify susceptibility genes for migraine without aura in Han Chinese residing in Taiwan. In the discovery stage, we genotyped 1005 clinic-based Taiwanese migraine patients and 1053 population-based sex-matched controls using Axiom Genome-Wide CHB Array. In the replication stage, we genotyped 27 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with p < 10-4 in 1120 clinic-based migraine patients and 604 sex-matched normal controls by using Sequenom. Variants at LRP1, TRPM8, and PRDM, which have been replicated in Caucasians, were also genotyped. Results We identified a novel susceptibility locus (rs655484 in DLG2) that reached GWAS significance level for migraine risk in Han Chinese ( p = 1.45 × 10-12, odds ratio [OR] = 2.42), and also another locus (rs3781545in GFRA1) with suggestive significance ( p = 1.27 × 10-7, OR = 1.38). In addition, we observed positive association signals with a similar trend to the associations identified in Caucasian GWASs for rs10166942 in TRPM8 (OR = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-1.54, Ppermutation = 9.99 × 10-5; risk allele: T) and rs1172113 in LRP1 (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.04-1.45, Ppermutation = 2.9 × 10-2; risk allele: T). Conclusion The present study is the first migraine GWAS conducted in Han-Chinese and Asians. The newly identified susceptibility genes have potential implications in migraine pathogenesis. DLG2 is involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission, and GFRA1 encodes GDNF receptors that are abundant in CGRP-containing trigeminal neurons. Furthermore, positive association signals for TRPM8 and LRP1 suggest the possibility for common genetic contributions across ethnicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Pin Chen
- 1 Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,2 Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,3 Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- 1 Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,2 Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Chung
- 4 Department of Life Sciences & Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,5 Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chao Lin
- 6 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- 1 Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,2 Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Feng Wang
- 1 Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,2 Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Hsu
- 6 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Ueng-Cheng Yang
- 7 Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- 8 Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jie Chiou
- 7 Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Wang
- 9 Living Water Neurological Clinic, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Kun Chen
- 10 Department of Neurology, Lin-Shin Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Chuan Fan
- 11 Departments of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuan Wu
- 6 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | | | - Lung-Sen Kao
- 4 Department of Life Sciences & Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- 1 Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,2 Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,12 Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liang L, Zhao JY, Gu X, Wu S, Mo K, Xiong M, Marie Lutz B, Bekker A, Tao YX. G9a inhibits CREB-triggered expression of mu opioid receptor in primary sensory neurons following peripheral nerve injury. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916682242. [PMID: 27927796 PMCID: PMC5153028 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916682242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, a distressing and debilitating disorder, is still poorly managed in clinic. Opioids, like morphine, remain the mainstay of prescribed medications in the treatment of this disorder, but their analgesic effects are highly unsatisfactory in part due to nerve injury-induced reduction of opioid receptors in the first-order sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia. G9a is a repressor of gene expression. We found that nerve injury-induced increases in G9a and its catalyzed repressive marker H3K9m2 are responsible for epigenetic silencing of Oprm1, Oprk1, and Oprd1 genes in the injured dorsal root ganglia. Blocking these increases rescued dorsal root ganglia Oprm1, Oprk1, and Oprd1 gene expression and morphine or loperamide analgesia and prevented the development of morphine or loperamide-induced analgesic tolerance under neuropathic pain conditions. Conversely, mimicking these increases reduced the expression of three opioid receptors and promoted the mu opioid receptor-gated release of primary afferent neurotransmitters. Mechanistically, nerve injury-induced increases in the binding activity of G9a and H3K9me2 to the Oprm1 gene were associated with the reduced binding of cyclic AMP response element binding protein to the Oprm1 gene. These findings suggest that G9a participates in the nerve injury-induced reduction of the Oprm1 gene likely through G9a-triggered blockage in the access of cyclic AMP response element binding protein to this gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyao Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Shaogen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Kai Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ming Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Brianna Marie Lutz
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA .,Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.,Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun Y, Zhan L, Cheng X, Zhang L, Hu J, Gao Z. The Regulation of GluN2A by Endogenous and Exogenous Regulators in the Central Nervous System. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:389-403. [PMID: 27255970 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The NMDA receptor is the most widely studied ionotropic glutamate receptor, and it is central to many physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system. GluN2A is one of the two main types of GluN2 NMDA receptor subunits in the forebrain. The proper activity of GluN2A is important to brain function, as the abnormal regulation of GluN2A may induce some neuropsychiatric disorders. This review will examine the regulation of GluN2A by endogenous and exogenous regulators in the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Cheng
- North China Pharmaceutical Group New Drug Research and Development Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, 050015, People's Republic of China
| | - Linan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Zibin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China. .,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Donaldson R, Sun Y, Liang DY, Zheng M, Sahbaie P, Dill DL, Peltz G, Buck KJ, Clark JD. The multiple PDZ domain protein Mpdz/MUPP1 regulates opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:313. [PMID: 27129385 PMCID: PMC4850636 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioids are a mainstay for the treatment of chronic pain. Unfortunately, therapy-limiting maladaptations such as loss of treatment effect (tolerance), and paradoxical opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) can occur. The objective of this study was to identify genes responsible for opioid tolerance and OIH. RESULTS These studies used a well-established model of ascending morphine administration to induce tolerance, OIH and other opioid maladaptations in 23 strains of inbred mice. Genome-wide computational genetic mapping was then applied to the data in combination with a false discovery rate filter. Transgenic mice, gene expression experiments and immunoprecipitation assays were used to confirm the functional roles of the most strongly linked gene. The behavioral data processed using computational genetic mapping and false discovery rate filtering provided several strongly linked biologically plausible gene associations. The strongest of these was the highly polymorphic Mpdz gene coding for the post-synaptic scaffolding protein Mpdz/MUPP1. Heterozygous Mpdz +/- mice displayed reduced opioid tolerance and OIH. Mpdz gene expression and Mpdz/MUPP1 protein levels were lower in the spinal cords of low-adapting 129S1/Svlm mice than in high-adapting C57BL/6 mice. Morphine did not alter Mpdz expression levels. In addition, association of Mpdz/MUPP1 with its known binding partner CaMKII did not differ between these high- and low-adapting strains. CONCLUSIONS The degrees of maladaptive changes in response to repeated administration of morphine vary greatly across inbred strains of mice. Variants of the multiple PDZ domain gene Mpdz may contribute to the observed inter-strain variability in tolerance and OIH by virtue of changes in the level of their expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Donaldson
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Sun
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave., Anesthesiology, 112A, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - De-Yong Liang
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave., Anesthesiology, 112A, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peyman Sahbaie
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave., Anesthesiology, 112A, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David L Dill
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kari J Buck
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J David Clark
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave., Anesthesiology, 112A, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rong R, Yang H, Rong L, Wei X, Li Q, Liu X, Gao H, Xu Y, Zhang Q. Proteomic analysis of PSD-93 knockout mice following the induction of ischemic cerebral injury. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
24
|
Bourinet E, Altier C, Hildebrand ME, Trang T, Salter MW, Zamponi GW. Calcium-permeable ion channels in pain signaling. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:81-140. [PMID: 24382884 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection and processing of painful stimuli in afferent sensory neurons is critically dependent on a wide range of different types of voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, including sodium, calcium, and TRP channels, to name a few. The functions of these channels include the detection of mechanical and chemical insults, the generation of action potentials and regulation of neuronal firing patterns, the initiation of neurotransmitter release at dorsal horn synapses, and the ensuing activation of spinal cord neurons that project to pain centers in the brain. Long-term changes in ion channel expression and function are thought to contribute to chronic pain states. Many of the channels involved in the afferent pain pathway are permeable to calcium ions, suggesting a role in cell signaling beyond the mere generation of electrical activity. In this article, we provide a broad overview of different calcium-permeable ion channels in the afferent pain pathway and their role in pain pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu JT, Zhao JY, Zhao X, Ligons D, Tiwari V, Atianjoh FE, Lee CY, Liang L, Zang W, Njoku D, Raja SN, Yaster M, Tao YX. Opioid receptor-triggered spinal mTORC1 activation contributes to morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:592-603. [PMID: 24382350 DOI: 10.1172/jci70236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of opioid-induced analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia is a clinical challenge for managing chronic pain. Adaptive changes in protein translation in the nervous system are thought to promote opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia; however, how opioids drive such changes remains elusive. Here, we report that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which governs most protein translation, was activated in rat spinal dorsal horn neurons after repeated intrathecal morphine injections. Activation was triggered through μ opioid receptor and mediated by intracellular PI3K/Akt. Spinal mTOR inhibition blocked both induction and maintenance of morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia, without affecting basal pain perception or locomotor functions. These effects were attributed to the attenuation of morphine-induced increases in translation initiation activity, nascent protein synthesis, and expression of some known key tolerance-associated proteins, including neuronal NOS (nNOS), in dorsal horn. Moreover, elevating spinal mTOR activity by knocking down the mTOR-negative regulator TSC2 reduced morphine analgesia, produced pain hypersensitivity, and increased spinal nNOS expression. Our findings implicate the μ opioid receptor-triggered PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in promoting morphine-induced spinal protein translation changes and associated morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia. These data suggest that mTOR inhibitors could be explored for prevention and/or reduction of opioid tolerance in chronic pain management.
Collapse
|
26
|
Phosphoproteomics and bioinformatics analyses of spinal cord proteins in rats with morphine tolerance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83817. [PMID: 24392096 PMCID: PMC3879267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Morphine is the most effective pain-relieving drug, but it can cause unwanted side effects. Direct neuraxial administration of morphine to spinal cord not only can provide effective, reliable pain relief but also can prevent the development of supraspinal side effects. However, repeated neuraxial administration of morphine may still lead to morphine tolerance. Methods To better understand the mechanism that causes morphine tolerance, we induced tolerance in rats at the spinal cord level by giving them twice-daily injections of morphine (20 µg/10 µL) for 4 days. We confirmed tolerance by measuring paw withdrawal latencies and maximal possible analgesic effect of morphine on day 5. We then carried out phosphoproteomic analysis to investigate the global phosphorylation of spinal proteins associated with morphine tolerance. Finally, pull-down assays were used to identify phosphorylated types and sites of 14-3-3 proteins, and bioinformatics was applied to predict biological networks impacted by the morphine-regulated proteins. Results Our proteomics data showed that repeated morphine treatment altered phosphorylation of 10 proteins in the spinal cord. Pull-down assays identified 2 serine/threonine phosphorylated sites in 14-3-3 proteins. Bioinformatics further revealed that morphine impacted on cytoskeletal reorganization, neuroplasticity, protein folding and modulation, signal transduction and biomolecular metabolism. Conclusions Repeated morphine administration may affect multiple biological networks by altering protein phosphorylation. These data may provide insight into the mechanism that underlies the development of morphine tolerance.
Collapse
|
27
|
Gao C, Tronson NC, Radulovic J. Modulation of behavior by scaffolding proteins of the post-synaptic density. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 105:3-12. [PMID: 23701866 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolding proteins of the neuronal post-synaptic density (PSD) are principal organizers of glutamatergic neurotransmission that bring together glutamate receptors and signaling molecules at discrete synaptic locations. Genetic alterations of individual PSD scaffolds therefore disrupt the function of entire multiprotein modules rather than a single glutamatergic mechanism, and thus induce a range of molecular and structural abnormalities in affected neurons. Despite such broad molecular consequences, knockout, knockdown, or knockin of glutamate receptor scaffolds typically affect a subset of specific behaviors and thereby mold and specialize the actions of the ubiquitous glutamatergic neurotransmitter system. Approaches designed to control the function of neuronal scaffolds may therefore have high potential to restore behavioral morbidities and comorbidities in patients with psychiatric disorders. Here we summarize a series of experiments with genetically modified mice revealing the roles of main N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and group I metabotropic glutamate (mGluR1/5) receptor scaffolds in behavior, discuss the clinical implications of the findings, and propose future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Peng HY, Chen GD, Lai CY, Hsieh MC, Lin TB. Spinal SIRPα1-SHP2 interaction regulates spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain via PSD-95-dependent NR2B activation in rats. Pain 2012; 153:1042-1053. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
29
|
Salvemini D, Little JW, Doyle T, Neumann WL. Roles of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in pain. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:951-66. [PMID: 21277369 PMCID: PMC3134634 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (PN; ONOO⁻) and its reactive oxygen precursor superoxide (SO; O₂•⁻) are critically important in the development of pain of several etiologies including pain associated with chronic use of opiates such as morphine (also known as opiate-induced hyperalgesia and antinociceptive tolerance). This is now an emerging field in which considerable progress has been made in terms of understanding the relative contributions of SO, PN, and nitroxidative stress in pain signaling at the molecular and biochemical levels. Aggressive research in this area is poised to provide the pharmacological basis for development of novel nonnarcotic analgesics that are based upon the unique ability to selectively eliminate SO and/or PN. As we have a better understanding of the roles of SO and PN in pathophysiological settings, targeting PN may be a better therapeutic strategy than targeting SO. This is because, unlike PN, which has no currently known beneficial role, SO may play a significant role in learning and memory. Thus, the best approach may be to spare SO while directly targeting its downstream product, PN. Over the past 15 years, our team has spearheaded research concerning the roles of SO and PN in pain and these results are currently leading to the development of solid therapeutic strategies in this important area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chang WK, Tao YX, Chuang CC, Chen PT, Chan KH, Chu YC. Lack of Beneficial Effect for Preemptive Analgesia in Postoperative Pain Control. Anesth Analg 2011; 112:710-8. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318207c504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
31
|
Liu XJ, Salter MW. Glutamate receptor phosphorylation and trafficking in pain plasticity in spinal cord dorsal horn. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 32:278-89. [PMID: 20629726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Considerable evidence suggests that both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors are involved in pain hypersensitivity. However, glutamate receptor-based therapies are limited by side-effects because the activities of glutamate receptors are essential for many important physiological functions. Here, we review recent key findings in molecular and cellular mechanisms of glutamate receptor regulation and their roles in triggering and sustaining pain hypersensitivity. Targeting these molecular mechanisms could form the basis for new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jun Liu
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu JT, Zhao X, Yaster M, Tao YX. Expression and distribution of mTOR, p70S6K, 4E-BP1, and their phosphorylated counterparts in rat dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord dorsal horn. Brain Res 2010; 1336:46-57. [PMID: 20399760 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls protein translation and has an important role in the mechanism of pain hypersensitivity under persistent pain conditions. However, its expression and localization in pain-related regions of the nervous system is not completely understood. Here, we examined the expression and distribution of mTOR, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein1/2 (4E-BP1/2), p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase (p70S6K), and their phosphorylated (active) counterparts in two major pain-related regions, the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord dorsal horn. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed that mTOR, 4E-BP1, and p70S6K mRNA are expressed in the DRG and dorsal horn. Western blot analysis further confirmed the existence of their protein products in these two regions, but expression of their phosphorylated counterparts was very low in dorsal horn and was not detected in the DRG. Immunohistochemistry revealed mTOR and p70S6K in the DRG neurons. Quantitative analysis showed that approximately 26.1% (+/- 3.2%) of DRG neurons were positive for mTOR and 19.1% (+/- 1.9%) were positive for p70S6K. Most of these neurons were small-less than 600 microm(2) in cross-sectional area-and some co-labeled with substance P or isolectin B4. Surprisingly, 4E-BP1 was observed only in the DRG satellite glial cells. In the dorsal horn, mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1 were detected in neurons, but not in astrocytes or microglia. They were distributed in the whole dorsal horn, especially in the superficial dorsal horn. Immunostaining for their phosphorylated counterparts was very low or undetectable in DRG and dorsal horn. Behavioral study showed that intrathecal mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, did not affect acute nocicepetive transmission. The results indicate that although mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1 are highly expressed in the DRG and dorsal horn, their activate forms are very low in both regions under normal conditions. Our findings support the view that mTOR and its downstream effectors do not play a key role in acute pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Tain Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Postsynaptic density-93 deficiency protects cultured cortical neurons from N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-triggered neurotoxicity. Neuroscience 2010; 166:1083-90. [PMID: 20097270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-triggered neurotoxicity is related to excessive Ca(2+) loading and an increase in nitric oxide (NO) concentration. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie these events are not completely understood. NMDARs and neuronal NO synthase each binds to the scaffolding protein postsynaptic density (PSD)-93 through its PDZ domains. In this study, we determined whether PSD-93 plays a critical role in NMDAR/Ca(2+)/NO-mediated neurotoxicity. We found that the targeted disruption of the PSD-93 gene attenuated the neurotoxicity triggered by NMDAR activation, but not by non-NMDAR activation, in cultured mouse cortical neurons. PSD-93 deficiency reduced the amount of NMDAR subunits NR2A and NR2B in synaptosomal fractions from the cortical neurons and significantly prevented NMDA-stimulated increases in cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate and Ca(2+) loading in the cortical neurons. These findings indicate that PSD-93 deficiency could block NMDAR-triggered neurotoxicity by disrupting the NMDAR-Ca(2+)-NO signaling pathway and reducing expression of synaptic NR2A and NR2B. Since NMDARs, Ca(2+), and NO play a critical role during the development of brain trauma, seizures, and ischemia, the present work suggests that PSD-93 might contribute to molecular mechanisms of neuronal damage in these brain disorders.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
This paper is the 31st consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2008 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Effect of KEPI (Ppp1r14c) deletion on morphine analgesia and tolerance in mice of different genetic backgrounds: when a knockout is near a relevant quantitative trait locus. Neuroscience 2009; 165:882-95. [PMID: 19819304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified KEPI as a morphine-regulated gene using subtractive hybridization and differential display PCR. Upon phosphorylation by protein kinase C, KEPI becomes a powerful inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1. To gain insights into KEPI functions, we created KEPI knockout (KO) mice on mixed 129S6xC57BL/6 genetic backgrounds. KEPI maps onto mouse chromosome 10 close to the locus that contains the mu-opioid receptor (Oprm1) and provides a major quantitative trait locus for morphine effects. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in and near the Oprm1 locus identified a doubly-recombinant mouse with C57BL/6 markers within 1 Mb on either side of the KEPI deletion. This strategy minimized the amount of 129S6 DNA surrounding the transgene and documented the C57BL/6 origin of the Oprm1 gene in this founder and its offspring. Recombinant KEPIKO mice displayed (a) normal analgesic responses and normal locomotion after initial morphine treatments, (b) accelerated development of tolerance to analgesic effects of morphine, (c) elevated activity of protein phosphatase 1 in thalamus, (d) attenuated morphine reward as assessed by conditioned place preference. These data support roles for KEPI action in adaptive responses to repeated administration of morphine that include analgesic tolerance and drug reward.
Collapse
|