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Neto EDS, Pedro PPDA, Cartágenes MDSDS, Neto JOB, Garcia JBS. The effect of low dose intra-articular S(+) ketamine on osteoarthritis in rats: an experimental study. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY (ELSEVIER) 2024; 74:844502. [PMID: 38604407 PMCID: PMC11031719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2024.844502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the analgesic impact of S(+)-ketamine on pain behavior and synovial inflammation in an osteoarthritis (OA) model. METHODS Animals were grouped as follows: OA-Saline (n = 24) and OA-Ketamine (n = 24), OA induced via intra-articular sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA); a Non-OA group (n = 24) served as the control. On the 7th day post OA induction, animals received either saline or S(+)-ketamine (0.5 mg.kg-1). Behavioral and histopathological assessments were conducted up to day 28. RESULTS S(+)-ketamine reduced allodynia from day 7 to 28 and hyperalgesia from day 10 to 28. It notably alleviated weight distribution deficits from day 10 until the end of the study. Significant walking improvement was observed on day 14 in S(+)-ketamine-treated rats. Starting on day 14, OA groups showed grip force decline, which was countered by S(+)-ketamine on day 21. However, S(+)-ketamine did not diminish synovial inflammation. CONCLUSION Low Intra-articular (IA) doses of S(+)-ketamine reduced MIA-induced OA pain but did not reverse synovial histopathological changes. IRB APPROVAL NUMBER 23115 012030/2009-05.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria do Socorro de Sousa Cartágenes
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas; Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Laboratório Experimental para Estudo da Dor, São Luiz, MA, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Ceuma, São Luiz, MA, Brazil
| | - José Osvaldo Barbosa Neto
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Laboratório Experimental para Estudo da Dor, São Luiz, MA, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Ceuma, São Luiz, MA, Brazil.
| | - João Batista Santos Garcia
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Laboratório Experimental para Estudo da Dor, São Luiz, MA, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Departamento de Anestesiologia, Dor e Paliativos, São Luiz, MA, Brazil
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2
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Amodeo G, Magni G, Galimberti G, Riboldi B, Franchi S, Sacerdote P, Ceruti S. Neuroinflammation in osteoarthritis: From pain to mood disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116182. [PMID: 38556026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of musculoskeletal disease, and its prevalence is increasing due to the aging of the population. Chronic pain is the most burdensome symptom of OA that significantly lowers patients' quality of life, also due to its frequent association with emotional comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression. In recent years, both chronic pain and mood alterations have been linked to the development of neuroinflammation in the peripheral nervous system, spinal cord and supraspinal brain areas. Thus, mechanisms at the basis of the development of the neuroinflammatory process may indicate promising targets for novel treatment for pain and affective comorbidities that accompany OA. In order to assess the key role of neuroinflammation in the maintenance of chronic pain and its potential involvement in development of psychiatric components, the monoiodoacetate (MIA) model of OA in rodents has been used and validated. In the present commentary article, we aim to summarize up-to-date results achieved in this experimental model of OA, focusing on glia activation and cytokine production in the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), spinal cord and brain areas. The association of a neuroinflammatory state with the development of pain and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors are discussed. Results suggest that cells and molecules involved in neuroinflammation may represent novel targets for innovative pharmacological treatments of OA pain and mood comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Amodeo
- Laboratory of Pain Therapy and Neuroimmunology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9 -20133 Milan (IT), Italy
| | - Giulia Magni
- Laboratory of Pain Therapy and Neuroimmunology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9 -20133 Milan (IT), Italy
| | - Giulia Galimberti
- Laboratory of Pain Therapy and Neuroimmunology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9 -20133 Milan (IT), Italy
| | - Benedetta Riboldi
- Laboratory of Pain Therapy and Neuroimmunology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9 -20133 Milan (IT), Italy
| | - Silvia Franchi
- Laboratory of Pain Therapy and Neuroimmunology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9 -20133 Milan (IT), Italy
| | - Paola Sacerdote
- Laboratory of Pain Therapy and Neuroimmunology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9 -20133 Milan (IT), Italy
| | - Stefania Ceruti
- Laboratory of Pain Therapy and Neuroimmunology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9 -20133 Milan (IT), Italy.
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Karimi SA, Zahra FT, Martin LJ. IUPHAR review: Navigating the role of preclinical models in pain research. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107073. [PMID: 38232910 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complex and challenging medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain is a key goal of preclinical pain research so that more effective treatment strategies can be developed. In this review, we explore nociception, pain, and the multifaceted factors that lead to chronic pain by focusing on preclinical models. We provide a detailed look into inflammatory and neuropathic pain models and discuss the most used animal models for studying the mechanisms behind these conditions. Additionally, we emphasize the vital role of these preclinical models in developing new pain-relief drugs, focusing on biologics and the therapeutic potential of NMDA and cannabinoid receptor antagonists. We also discuss the challenges of TRPV1 modulation for pain treatment, the clinical failures of neurokinin (NK)- 1 receptor antagonists, and the partial success story of Ziconotide to provide valuable lessons for preclinical pain models. Finally, we highlight the overall success and limitations of current treatments for chronic pain while providing critical insights into the development of more effective therapies to alleviate the burden of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Fatama Tuz Zahra
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Loren J Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
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4
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Dong ZB, Wang YJ, Cheng ML, Wang BJ, Lu H, Zhu HL, Liu L, Xie M. 2-Bromopalmitate decreases spinal inflammation and attenuates oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain via reducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275428. [PMID: 36315519 PMCID: PMC9621438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a third-generation platinum compound with clinical activity in multiple solid tumors. Due to the repetition of chemotherapy cycle, OXA-induced chronic neuropathy presenting as paresthesia and pain. This study explored the neuropathy of chemotherapy pain and investigated the analgesic effect of 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP) on the pain behavior of OXA-induced rats. The chemotherapy pain rat model was established by the five consecutive administration of OXA (intraperitoneal, 4 mg/kg). After the establishment of OXA-induced rats, the pain behavior test, inflammatory signal analysis and mitochondrial function measurement were conducted. OXA-induced rats exhibited mechanical allodynia and spinal inflammatory infiltration. Our fluorescence and western blot analysis revealed spinal astrocytes were activated in OXA rats with up-regulation of astrocytic markers. In addition, NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mediated inflammatory signal cascade was also activated. Inflammation was triggered by dysfunctional mitochondria which represented by increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) level and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity. Intrathecally injection of 2-BP significantly attenuated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) mediated mitochondrial fission, recovered mitochondrial function, suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome cascade, and consequently decreased mechanical pain sensitivity. For cell research, 2-BP treatment significantly reversed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced mitochondria membrane potential deficiency and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. These findings indicate 2-BP decreases spinal inflammation and relieves OXA-induced neuropathic pain via reducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Jia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Lin Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Bo-Jun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Li Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (MX)
| | - Min Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (MX)
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García MM, Molina-Álvarez M, Rodríguez-Rivera C, Paniagua N, Quesada E, Uranga JA, Rodríguez-Franco MI, Pascual D, Goicoechea C. Antinociceptive and modulatory effect of pathoplastic changes in spinal glia of a TLR4/CD14 blocking molecule in two models of pain in rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112986. [PMID: 35462333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of spinal glia in the development and maintenance of chronic pain has become over the last years a subject of increasing interest. In this regard, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling has been proposed as a major trigger mechanism. Hence, in this study we explored the implications of TLR4 inhibition in the periphery and primarily in the CNS, focusing on the impact this inhibition renders in pain development and glia activation in the dorsal horn in two models of pain. Making use of a synthetic cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14)/TLR4 antagonist, the effect of TLR4 blockade on tactile allodynia and heat hyperalgesia was evaluated in osteoarthritic and postoperative rat models. An in vitro parallel artificial membrane permeation assay was performed to determine the proneness of the drug to permeate the blood-brain barrier prior to systemic and central administration. Findings suggest a dominant role of peripheral TLR4 in the model of incisional pain, whilst both peripheral and central TLR4 seem to be responsible for osteoarthritic pain. That is, central and peripheral TLR4 may be differently involved in the etiopathology of diverse types of pain what potentially seems a promising approach in the management of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M García
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Molina-Álvarez
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Rivera
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Paniagua
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Quesada
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Uranga
- Area of Histology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (NEUGUT), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Pascual
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Goicoechea
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
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Balbinot G, Schuch CP, do Nascimento PS, Lanferdini FJ, Casanova M, Baroni BM, Vaz MA. Photobiomodulation Therapy Partially Restores Cartilage Integrity and Reduces Chronic Pain Behavior in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis: Involvement of Spinal Glial Modulation. Cartilage 2021; 13:1309S-1321S. [PMID: 31569995 PMCID: PMC8804719 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519876338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA) often leads to reduced function and engagement in activities of daily living. Current pharmacological treatments remain relatively ineffective. This study investigated the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on cartilage integrity and central pain biomarkers in adult male Wistar rats. DESIGN We evaluated the cartilage degradation and spinal cord sensitization using the monoiodoacetate (MIA) model of OA following 2 weeks of delayed PBMT treatment (i.e., 15 days post-MIA). Multiple behavioral tests and knee joint histology were used to assess deficits related to OA. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess chronic pain sensitization in spinal cord dorsal horn regions. Furthermore, we analyzed the principal components related to pain-like behavior and cartilage integrity. RESULTS MIA induced chronic pain-like behavior with respective cartilage degradation. PBMT had no effects on overall locomotor activity, but positive effects on weight support (P = 0.001; effect size [ES] = 1.01) and mechanical allodynia (P = 0.032; ES = 0.51). Greater optical densitometry of PBMT-treated cartilage was evident in superficial layers (P = 0.020; ES = 1.34), likely reflecting the increase of proteoglycan and chondrocyte contents. In addition, PBMT effects were associated to decreased contribution of spinal glial cells to pain-like behavior (P = 0.001; ES = 0.38). CONCLUSION PBMT during the chronic phase of MIA-induced OA promoted cartilage recovery and reduced the progression or maintenance of spinal cord sensitization. Our data suggest a potential role of PBMT in reducing cartilage degradation and long-term central sensitization associated with chronic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Balbinot
- Neuroscience Graduate Program,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da
Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Brain Institute, Universidade Federal do
Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil,Gustavo Balbinot, Federal University of Rio
Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro, 2155 - 59056-450 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Clarissa Pedrini Schuch
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation
Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia Severo do Nascimento
- Neuroscience Graduate Program,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da
Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
(UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio Juner Lanferdini
- Exercise Research Laboratory,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayra Casanova
- Exercise Research Laboratory,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation
Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Vaz
- Exercise Research Laboratory,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Abo-zalam HB, Abdelsalam RM, Abdel-Rahman RF, Abd-Ellah MF, Khattab MM. In Vivo Investigation of the Ameliorating Effect of Tempol against MIA-Induced Knee Osteoarthritis in Rats: Involvement of TGF-β1/SMAD3/NOX4 Cue. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226993. [PMID: 34834085 PMCID: PMC8618489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease characterized by structural, functional, and metabolic deteriorations of the whole joint and periarticular tissues. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the possible effects of tempol on knee OA induced by the chemical chondrotoxic monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) which closely mimics both the pain and structural changes associated with human OA. Rats were administrated oral tempol (100 mg/kg) one week post-MIA injection (3 mg/50 μL saline) at the right knee joints for 21 consecutive days. Tempol improved motor performance and debilitated the MIA-related radiological and histological alterations. Moreover, it subsided the knee joint swelling. Tempol decreased the cartilage degradation-related biomarkers as matrix metalloproteinase-13, bone alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), and fibulin-3. The superoxide dismutase mimetic effect of tempol was accompanied by decreased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), inflammatory mediators, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), over-released transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Tempol decreased the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2). On the molecular level, tempol reduced the phosphorylated protein levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and small mother against decapentaplegic 3 homologs (SMAD3). These findings suggest the promising role of tempol in ameliorating MIA-induced knee OA in rats via collateral suppression of the catabolic signaling cascades including TGF-β1/SMAD3/NOX4, and NOX4/p38MAPK/NF-κB and therefore modulation of oxidative stress, catabolic inflammatory cascades, chondrocyte metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar B. Abo-zalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-102-082-9562
| | - Rania M. Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (R.M.A.); (M.M.K.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Rehab F. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed F. Abd-Ellah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud M. Khattab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (R.M.A.); (M.M.K.)
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Xiong H, Luo M, Ju Y, Zhao Z, Zhang M, Xu R, Ren Y, Yang G, Mei Z. Triterpene saponins from Guo-gang-long attenuate collagen-induced arthritis via regulating A20 and inhibiting MAPK pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113707. [PMID: 33358855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The stems of Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr commonly named "Guo-gang-long", is a traditional Chinese folk medicine that has been used clinically in China for the treatment of arthritis. Our previous study described that triterpene saponins isolated from "Guo-gang-long" could inhibit the inflammatory response. However, the potential mechanism of "Guo-gang-long" on treatment of arthritis, and whether the triterpene saponins responsible for its anti-arthritic effect are unclear. AIM To investigate the function and mechanisms of the triterpene saponins from E. phaseoloides (ES) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical components of ES were analyzed by HPLC. Anti-arthritic activity of ES was investigated in CIA rats, which was established by immunization with bovine type II collagen. Three doses of ES (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were administrated using oral gavage to CIA rats daily for 3 weeks. The anti-arthritic activity of ES was evaluated by clinical arthritis scoring, paw swelling and mechanical sensitivity, as well as histological changes in CIA rats. The impacts of ES on the regulation of the ubiquintin-editing enzyme A20 and MAPK signaling pathway, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CIA rats were examined by Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. RESULTS ES treatment relieved the paw swelling, hyperalgesia and joint destruction, and prevented the progression of arthritis in CIA rats. Meanwhile, ES suppressed the excessive mRNA levels and protein expression of TNF-α and IL-17 in synovial tissues and hind paw joints, and reduced the production of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-17 in serum. Furthermore, ES up-regulated A20 and suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 in hind paw joints, as well as inhibiting the activation of spinal p38 in CIA rats. CONCLUSION ES could relieve rheumatic symptoms and prevent the development of rheumatoid arthritis. The effects of ES may be mediated by reducing proinflammatory cytokine levels, up-regulating A20 expression, reducing p38 and ERK1/2 activation in periphery, and inhibiting of phospho-p38 in spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Miao Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yankun Ju
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhongqiu Zhao
- Center for the Study of Itch, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Man Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ran Xu
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yongshen Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guangzhong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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9
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Neuroimmune interactions and osteoarthritis pain: focus on macrophages. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e892. [PMID: 33981927 PMCID: PMC8108586 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional interactions between the immune system and the nervous system are increasingly appreciated as playing a pathogenic role in chronic pain. Unraveling the mechanisms by which inflammatory pain is mediated through communication between nerves and immune cells may lead to exciting new strategies for therapeutic intervention. In this narrative review, we focus on the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) pain. From regulating homeostasis to conducting phagocytosis, and from inducing inflammation to resolving it, macrophages are plastic cells that are highly adaptable to their environment. They rely on communicating with the environment through cytokines, growth factors, neuropeptides, and other signals to respond to inflammation or injury. The contribution of macrophages to OA joint damage has garnered much attention in recent years. Here, we discuss how macrophages may participate in the initiation and maintenance of pain in OA. We aim to summarize what is currently known about macrophages in OA pain and identify important gaps in the field to fuel future investigations.
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10
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Hahm SC, Lee JS, Yoon YW, Kim J. Analgesic Tolerance Development during Repetitive Electric Stimulations Is Associated with Changes in the Expression of Activated Microglia in Rats with Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120575. [PMID: 33297333 PMCID: PMC7762208 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric stimulation is used for managing osteoarthritic (OA) pain; however, little is known about the development of analgesic tolerance during repeated stimulations and the relation of spinal microglia with OA pain. We investigated the changes in the analgesic effects of repeated electric stimulations and the relation between the development of analgesic tolerance and spinal microglial expression in rats with OA. To induce OA, monosodium iodoacetate was injected into the synovial space of the right knee joint of the rats (n = 185). Repeated high frequency, low frequency, or sham transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) was performed to the ipsilateral knee joint for 20 min in rats with OA (n = 45). Minocycline or minocycline plus TENS (HF, LF, or sham) was treated in OA rats with repeated TENS-induced tolerance (n = 135). Immunohistochemistry of the microglia in the L3–L5 spinal segments was performed. Knee joint pain during passive movement of the knee joint were quantified using the knee-bend score and the proportion of activated microglia was calculated as primary variables. Paw withdrawal threshold (hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli) was assessed and the resting and activated microglia were counted as secondary variables. Repeated applications decreased the analgesic effect of TENS on OA pain and failed to reduce the expression of activated microglia in the spinal cord. However, spinal microglial inhibition by minocycline restored the analgesic effect of TENS on OA pain in TENS-tolerant OA rats. TENS combined with minocycline treatment improved knee joint pain and mechanical hypersensitivity in TENS-tolerant OA rats, and inhibited the expression of activated microglia in the spinal cord. These results suggest a possible relationship between repetitive electric stimulation-induced analgesic tolerance for OA pain control and changes in microglia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Chan Hahm
- Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea;
| | - Jin Seung Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Korea University College of Health Science, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Young Wook Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Junesun Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Korea University College of Health Science, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3290-5689; Fax: +82-2-921-7260
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11
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Alves CJ, Couto M, Sousa DM, Magalhães A, Neto E, Leitão L, Conceição F, Monteiro AC, Ribeiro-da-Silva M, Lamghari M. Nociceptive mechanisms driving pain in a post-traumatic osteoarthritis mouse model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15271. [PMID: 32943744 PMCID: PMC7499425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In osteoarthritis (OA), pain is the dominant clinical symptom, yet the therapeutic approaches remain inadequate. The knowledge of the nociceptive mechanisms in OA, which will allow to develop effective therapies for OA pain, is of utmost need. In this study, we investigated the nociceptive mechanisms involved in post-traumatic OA pain, using the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model. Our results revealed the development of peripheral pain sensitization, reflected by augmented mechanical allodynia. Along with the development of pain behaviour, we observed an increase in the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in both the sensory nerve fibers of the periosteum and the dorsal root ganglia. Interestingly, we also observed that other nociceptive mechanisms commonly described in non-traumatic OA phenotypes, such as infiltration of the synovium by immune cells, neuropathic mechanisms and also central sensitization were not present. Overall, our results suggest that CGRP in the sensory nervous system is underlying the peripheral sensitization observed after traumatic knee injury in the DMM model, highlighting the CGRP as a putative therapeutic target to treat pain in post-traumatic OA. Moreover, our findings suggest that the nociceptive mechanisms involved in driving pain in post-traumatic OA are considerably different from those in non-traumatic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Alves
- Neuro-Skeletal Circuits Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - M Couto
- Neuro-Skeletal Circuits Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - D M Sousa
- Neuro-Skeletal Circuits Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Magalhães
- Neuro-Skeletal Circuits Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - E Neto
- Neuro-Skeletal Circuits Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Leitão
- Neuro-Skeletal Circuits Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade de Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Conceição
- Neuro-Skeletal Circuits Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade de Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Monteiro
- Neuro-Skeletal Circuits Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Ribeiro-da-Silva
- Neuro-Skeletal Circuits Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Lamghari
- Neuro-Skeletal Circuits Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade de Porto, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Pain-related behavior is associated with increased joint innervation, ipsilateral dorsal horn gliosis, and dorsal root ganglia activating transcription factor 3 expression in a rat ankle joint model of osteoarthritis. Pain Rep 2020; 5:e846. [PMID: 33490841 PMCID: PMC7808682 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. In a rat model of osteoarthritis, we found increased joint sensory and sympathetic innervation and glia changes in dorsal horn, accompanying pain-related behavior onset. Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA)-associated pain is often poorly managed, as our understanding of the underlying pain mechanisms remains limited. The known variability from patient to patient in pain control could be a consequence of a neuropathic component in OA. Methods: We used a rat monoiodoacetate model of the ankle joint to study the time-course of the development of pain-related behavior and pathological changes in the joint, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and spinal cord, and to investigate drug treatments effects. Results: Mechanical hypersensitivity and loss of mobility (as assessed by treadmill) were detected from 4 weeks after monoiodoacetate. Cold allodynia was detected from 5 weeks. Using histology and x-ray microtomography, we confirmed significant cartilage and bone degeneration at 5 and 10 weeks. We detected increased nociceptive peptidergic and sympathetic fiber innervation in the subchondral bone and synovium at 5 and 10 weeks. Sympathetic blockade at 5 weeks reduced pain-related behavior. At 5 weeks, we observed, ipsilaterally only, DRG neurons expressing anti-activating transcription factor 3, a neuronal stress marker. In the spinal cord, there was microgliosis at 5 and 10 weeks, and astrocytosis at 10 weeks only. Inhibition of glia at 5 weeks with minocycline and fluorocitrate alleviated mechanical allodynia. Conclusion: Besides a detailed time-course of pathology in this OA model, we show evidence of contributions of the sympathetic nervous system and dorsal horn glia to pain mechanisms. In addition, late activating transcription factor 3 expression in the DRG that coincides with these changes provides evidence in support of a neuropathic component in OA pain.
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13
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González-Cano R, Montilla-García Á, Ruiz-Cantero MC, Bravo-Caparrós I, Tejada MÁ, Nieto FR, Cobos EJ. The search for translational pain outcomes to refine analgesic development: Where did we come from and where are we going? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:238-261. [PMID: 32147529 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pain measures traditionally used in rodents record mere reflexes evoked by sensory stimuli; the results thus may not fully reflect the human pain phenotype. Alterations in physical and emotional functioning, pain-depressed behaviors and facial pain expressions were recently proposed as additional pain outcomes to provide a more accurate measure of clinical pain in rodents, and hence to potentially enhance analgesic drug development. We aimed to review how preclinical pain assessment has evolved since the development of the tail flick test in 1941, with a particular focus on a critical analysis of some nonstandard pain outcomes, and a consideration of how sex differences may affect the performance of these pain surrogates. We tracked original research articles in Medline for the following periods: 1973-1977, 1983-1987, 1993-1997, 2003-2007, and 2014-2018. We identified 606 research articles about alternative surrogate pain measures, 473 of which were published between 2014 and 2018. This indicates that preclinical pain assessment is moving toward the use of these measures, which may soon become standard procedures in preclinical pain laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael González-Cano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Montilla-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Ruiz-Cantero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Bravo-Caparrós
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Miguel Á Tejada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Francisco R Nieto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Enrique J Cobos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Teófilo Hernando Institute for Drug Discovery, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Li Y, Wu F, Wei J, Lao L, Shen X. Laser Moxibustion Alleviates Knee Osteoarthritis Pain by Inhibiting Spinal Microglial Activation-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Rats. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 38:237-243. [PMID: 31976816 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Central sensitization driven by glial activation-mediated neuroinflammation is recognized as a key mechanism in pain processing. Laser moxibustion using low-intensity laser irradiation of corresponding acupoints significantly relieves knee osteoarthritis (KOA) pain. However, the underlying mechanism of its effects on KOA pain is still not completely understood. Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether laser moxibustion could alleviate KOA pain by inhibiting spinal glial activation and proinflammatory cytokines upregulation in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced KOA pain in rats. Materials and methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups: Saline + Sham Laser, MIA + Laser, and MIA + Sham Laser. A 10.6 μm laser was used to irradiate ST35 (Dubi) for 10 min once every 2 days for a total of seven applications. The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold and weight-bearing distribution were performed to evaluate the nociceptive behaviors. Spinal expressions of microglial marker, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1); astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured 14 days after MIA injection. Results: The results showed that laser moxibustion significantly reversed the MIA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and weight-bearing difference up to 14 days compared with MIA + Sham Laser group (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Moreover, both the protein level and immunofluorescence intensity of Iba-1 in the ipsilateral spinal cord dorsal horn were markedly decreased in the MIA + Laser group than those in the MIA + Sham Laser group (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the expression of GFAP between groups (p > 0.05). In addition, laser moxibustion decreased the upregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 compared with the MIA + Sham Laser group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that laser moxibustion at ST35 significantly alleviated MIA-induced KOA pain through inhibition of the microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation, at least partially, by suppressing the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which may provide a potential analgesic target for KOA pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzi Wei
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xueyong Shen
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Acupuncture & Meridian, Shanghai, China
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15
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Raj H, Gupta A, Upmanyu N. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Woodfordia fructicosa Leaves Ethanolic Extract on Adjuvant and Carragenan Treated Rats. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:103-112. [PMID: 30799799 PMCID: PMC7475893 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190222120127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Woodfordia fructicosa is used traditionally for the treatment of inflammation associated with arthritis. METHODS In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of W. fructicosa (WFE) leaves ethanolic extract was assessed in Sprague Dawley rats by giving 200 mg/kg dose orally. Inflammation was studied by using carrageenan induced paw edema, Freund's adjuvant (FA) and monosodium iodo acetate (MIA) induced arthritis as animal models. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was estimated in blood sample of animals treated with FA. The one way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS WFE significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.001) paw thickness in carrageenan induced paw edema and FA induced arthritis. The significant decrease in knee diameter (P<0.001) in MIA induced arthritis as well as inhibitory effect (P<0.001) on elevated TNF- α was observed. CONCLUSION These results showed that the WFEexerted an inhibitory effect on TNF-α and carrageenan paw edema which may justify its traditional use in inflammatory conditions. Thus, the study shows that leaves of W. fruticose afford anti-inflammatory activity by preventing the inflammation in different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Raj
- Department of Science, CMJ University Jorabat, Raibhoi, Meghalaya-793101, India
| | | | - Neeraj Upmanyu
- School of Pharmacy and Research, People’s University, Bhopal-462037 (M.P.), India
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16
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Upregulation of ERK phosphorylation in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons contributes to oxaliplatin-induced chronic neuropathic pain. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225586. [PMID: 31765435 PMCID: PMC6876879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is the first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Unlike other platinum anticancer agents, oxaliplatin does not result in significant renal impairment and ototoxicity. Oxaliplatin, however, has been associated with acute and chronic peripheral neuropathies. Despite the awareness of these side-effects, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be clearly established. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to understand the factors involved in the generation of chronic neuropathy elicited by oxaliplatin treatment. We established a rat model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain (4 mg kg-1 intraperitoneally). The paw withdrawal thresholds were assessed at different time-points after the treatment, and a significant decrease was observed 3 and 4 weeks after oxaliplatin treatment as compared to the vehicle treatment (4.4 ± 1.0 vs. 16.0 ± 4.1 g; P < 0.05 and 4.4 ± 0.7 vs. 14.8 ± 3.1 g; P < 0.05, respectively). We further evaluated the role of different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Although the levels of total extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were not different between oxaliplatin and vehicle treatment groups, phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) 1/2 was up-regulated up to 4.5-fold in the oxaliplatin group. Administration of ERK inhibitor PD98059 (6 μg day-1 intrathecally) inhibited oxaliplatin-induced ERK phosphorylation and neuropathic pain. Therefore, upregulation of p-ERK by oxaliplatin in rat DRG and inhibition of mechanical allodynia by an ERK inhibitor in the present study may provide a better understanding of intracellular molecular alterations associated with oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain and help in the development of potential therapeutics.
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17
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de Sousa Valente J. The Pharmacology of Pain Associated With the Monoiodoacetate Model of Osteoarthritis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:974. [PMID: 31619987 PMCID: PMC6759799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) in an increasingly elderly population anticipates a dramatic rise in the number of people suffering from this disease in the near future. Because pain is the main reason patients seek medical help, effective pain management-which is currently lacking-is paramount to improve the quality of life that OA sufferers desperately seek. Good animal models are, in this day and age, fundamental tools for basic research of new therapeutic pathways. Several animal models of OA have been characterized, but none of them reproduces entirely all symptoms of the disease. Choosing between different animal models depends largely on which aspect of OA one aims to study. Here, we review the current understanding of the monoiodoacetate (MIA) model of OA. MIA injection in the knee joint leads to the progressive disruption of cartilage, which, in turn, is associated with the development of pain-like behavior. There are several reasons why the MIA model of OA seems to be the most adequate to study the pharmacological effect of new drugs in pain associated with OA. First, the pathological changes induced by MIA share many common traits with those observed in human OA (Van Der Kraan et al., 1989; Guingamp et al., 1997; Guzman et al., 2003), including loss of cartilage and alterations in the subchondral bone. The model has been extensively utilized in basic research, which means that the time course of pain-related behaviors and histopathological changes, as well as pharmacological profile, namely of commonly used pain-reducing drugs, is now moderately understood. Also, the severity of the progression of pathological changes can be controlled by grading the concentration of MIA administered. Further, in contrast with other OA models, MIA offers a rapid induction of pain-related phenotypes, with the cost-saving consequence in new drug screening. This model, therefore, may be more predictive of clinical efficacy of novel pharmacological tools than other chronic or acute OA models.
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Affiliation(s)
- João de Sousa Valente
- Vascular Biology and Inflammation Section, Cardiovascular School of Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Hahm SC, Song E, Jeon H, Yoon YW, Kim J. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Reduces Knee Osteoarthritic Pain by Inhibiting Spinal Glial Cells in Rats. Phys Ther 2019; 99:1211-1223. [PMID: 31158282 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is commonly used for pain control. However, the effects of TENS on osteoarthritis (OA) pain and potential underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of TENS on OA pain treatment and underlying mechanisms related to glial cell inhibition. DESIGN This was an experimental study. METHODS OA was induced by injection of monosodium iodoacetate into the synovial space of the right knee joint of rats. High-frequency (HF) TENS (100 Hz), low-frequency (LF) TENS (4 Hz), or sham TENS was applied to the ipsilateral knee joint for 20 minutes. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT), weight bearing, and knee bend score (KBS) were measured. Immunohistochemistry for microglia and astrocytes was performed with L3 to L5 spinal segment samples. To investigate the effects of glial inhibition on OA pain, minocycline, l-α-aminoadipate, or artificial cerebrospinal fluid was injected intrathecally, and PWT and KBS were measured. RESULTS Compared with sham TENS, both HF TENS and LF TENS significantly increased PWT, decreased KBS, and inhibited activated microglia in the L3 to L5 segments but did not decrease the total number of microglia, except in the L4 segment (HF TENS). Astrocyte expression was significantly decreased in the L3 to L5 segments following LF TENS and in the L3 segment following HF TENS. Compared with artificial cerebrospinal fluid, both minocycline and l-α-aminoadipate increased PWT and decreased KBS. LIMITATIONS These results cannot be generalized to humans. CONCLUSIONS TENS alleviates OA pain in rats by inhibiting activated microglia and reducing astrocyte expression in the spinal cord. Although these results may not be generalizable to chronic pain in patients with OA, within the limitation of the experimental animal model used in the present study, they suggest a possible mechanism and preclinical evidence supporting further experimentation or clinical use of TENS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Chan Hahm
- Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eseul Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Standard and Policy, National Rehabilitation Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hochung Jeon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, and Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Yoon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Junesun Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea; and Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University
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19
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Spinal Cord Glycine Transporter 2 Mediates Bilateral ST35 Acupoints Sensitization in Rats with Knee Osteoarthritis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7493286. [PMID: 30881475 PMCID: PMC6383421 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7493286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The concept of “acupoint sensitization” refers to the functional status of acupoint switches from silent to active under pathological conditions. In clinic, acupoint sensitization provides important guidance for acupoints selection in different diseases. However, the mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. We generated a model of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the left knee of rats. The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and the total number of mast cells as well as mast cell degranulation rate (MCDR) of acupoint tissue were used to test whether the acupoints were sensitized. The results showed that KOA resulted in a reduced mechanical threshold and elevated total number of mast cell as well as mast cell degranulation rate at bilateral ST35 (Dubi) but not GB37 (Guangming) or nonacupoint area. The acupoint sensitization was accompanied by upregulation of glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) and reduction of extracellular glycine levels in the bilateral dorsal horns of the spinal cord at L3-5. Selective inhibition of GlyT2 or intrathecal administration of glycine attenuated ST35 acupoint sensitization. The sensitization of bilateral ST35 was blocked after intraspinal GlyT2 short hairpin (sh) RNA (GlyT2-shRNA) microinjection to specifically downregulate GlyT2 expression in the left side (ipsilateral) L3-5 spinal cord dorsal horn before MIA injection. Moreover, electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation at ST35 ameliorated articular pathological lesions and improved KOA-related pain behaviors. GlyT2-shRNA injection reversed EA-induced pain relief but not EA-induced reduction of joint lesions. Overall, this study demonstrated that spinal GlyT2, especially elevated GlyT2 expression in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord, is a crucial mediator of ST35 acupoint sensitization in KOA rats.
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Aman Y, Pitcher T, Ballard C, Malcangio M. Impaired chronic pain-like behaviour and altered opioidergic system in the TASTPM mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pain 2018; 23:91-106. [PMID: 29987897 PMCID: PMC6492091 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain conditions, especially osteoarthritis (OA), are as common in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as in the general elderly population, which results in detrimental impact on patient's quality of life. However, alteration in perception of pain in AD coupled with deteriorating ability to communicate pain sensations often result in under-diagnosis and inappropriate management of pain. Therefore, a better understanding of mechanisms in chronic pain processing in AD is needed. Here, we explored the development and progression of OA pain and the effect of analgesics in a transgenic mouse model of AD. METHODS Unilateral OA pain was induced chemically, via an intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in the left knee joint of AD-mice (TASTPM) and age- and gender-matched C57BL/6J (WT). Pharmacological and biochemical assessments were conducted in plasma and spinal cord tissue. RESULTS MIA resulted in hind paw mechanical hypersensitivity (allodynia), initiating on day 3, in TASTPM and WT controls. However, from 14 to 28 days, TASTPM displayed partial attenuation of allodynia and diminished spinal microglial response compared to WT controls. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, re-established allodynia levels as observed in the WT group. Morphine, an opioid agonist, induced heightened analgesia in AD-mice whilst gabapentin was devoid of efficacy. TASTPM exhibited elevated plasma level of β-endorphin post-MIA which correlated with impaired allodynia. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate an alteration of the opioidergic system in TASTPM as possible mechanisms underlying impaired persistent pain sensitivity in AD. This work provides basis for re-evaluation of opioid analgesic use for management of pain in AD. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows attenuated pain-like behaviour in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease due to alterations in the opioidergic system and central plasticity mechanisms of persistent pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Aman
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, King's College London, UK
| | - T Pitcher
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, King's College London, UK
| | - C Ballard
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, King's College London, UK.,Medical School, University of Exeter, UK
| | - M Malcangio
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, King's College London, UK
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21
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Brederson JD, Chu KL, Xu J, Nikkel AL, Markosyan S, Jarvis MF, Edelmayer R, Bitner RS, McGaraughty S. Characterization and comparison of rat monosodium iodoacetate and medial meniscal tear models of osteoarthritic pain. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2109-2117. [PMID: 29430715 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative form of arthritis that can result in loss of joint function and chronic pain. The pathological pain state that develops with OA disease involves plastic changes in the peripheral and central nervous systems, however, the cellular mechanisms underlying OA are not fully understood. We characterized the medial meniscal tear (MMT) surgical model and the intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) chemical model of OA in rats. Both models produced histological changes in the knee joint and associated bones consistent with OA pathology. Both models also increased p38 activation in the L3, but not L4 dorsal root ganglia (DRG), increased tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining in the L3 DRG indicating sympathetic sprouting, and increased phosphorylated (p)CREB in thalamic neurons. In MIA-OA, but not MMT-OA rats, p38 and pERK were increased in the spinal cord, and pCREB was enhanced in the prefrontal cortex. Using in vivo electrophysiology, elevated spontaneous activity and increased responsiveness of wide dynamic range neurons to stimulation of the knee was found in both models. However, a more widespread sensitization was observed in the MIA-OA rats as neurons with paw receptive fields spontaneously fired at a greater rate in MIA-OA than MMT-OA rats. Taken together, the MIA and MMT models of OA share several common features associated with histopathology and sensitization of primary somatosensory pathways, but, observed differences between the models highlights unique consequences of the related specific injuries, and these differences should be considered when choosing an OA model and when interpreting data outcomes. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine L Chu
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jun Xu
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Arthur L Nikkel
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stella Markosyan
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael F Jarvis
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rebecca Edelmayer
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert S Bitner
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steve McGaraughty
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
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22
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Arendt‐Nielsen L, Morlion B, Perrot S, Dahan A, Dickenson A, Kress H, Wells C, Bouhassira D, Drewes AM. Assessment and manifestation of central sensitisation across different chronic pain conditions. Eur J Pain 2018; 22:216-241. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDifferent neuroplastic processes can occur along the nociceptive pathways and may be important in the transition from acute to chronic pain and for diagnosis and development of optimal management strategies. The neuroplastic processes may result in gain (sensitisation) or loss (desensitisation) of function in relation to the incoming nociceptive signals. Such processes play important roles in chronic pain, and although the clinical manifestations differ across condition processes, they share some common mechanistic features. The fundamental understanding and quantitative assessment of particularly some of the central sensitisation mechanisms can be translated from preclinical studies into the clinic. The clinical perspectives are implementation of such novel information into diagnostics, mechanistic phenotyping, prevention, personalised treatment, and drug development. The aims of this paper are to introduce and discuss (1) some common fundamental central pain mechanisms, (2) how they may translate into the clinical signs and symptoms across different chronic pain conditions, (3) how to evaluate gain and loss of function using quantitative pain assessment tools, and (4) the implications for optimising prevention and management of pain. The chronic pain conditions selected for the paper are neuropathic pain in general, musculoskeletal pain (chronic low back pain and osteoarthritic pain in particular), and visceral pain (irritable bowel syndrome in particular). The translational mechanisms addressed are local and widespread sensitisation, central summation, and descending pain modulation.SignificanceCentral sensitisation is an important manifestation involved in many different chronic pain conditions. Central sensitisation can be different to assess and evaluate as the manifestations vary from pain condition to pain condition. Understanding central sensitisation may promote better profiling and diagnosis of pain patients and development of new regimes for mechanism based therapy. Some of the mechanisms underlying central sensitisation can be translated from animals to humans providing new options in development of therapies and profiling drugs under development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. Morlion
- The Leuven Centre for Algology University Hospitals Leuven University of Leuven Belgium
| | - S. Perrot
- INSERM U987 Pain Center Cochin Hospital Paris Descartes University Paris France
| | - A. Dahan
- Department of Anesthesiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - A. Dickenson
- Neuroscience Physiology & Pharmacology University College London UK
| | - H.G. Kress
- Department of Special Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy Medizinische Universität/AKH Wien Vienna Austria
| | | | - D. Bouhassira
- INSERM U987 Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur Hôpital Ambroise Paré Boulogne Billancourt France
| | - A. Mohr Drewes
- Mech‐Sense Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinical Institute Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark
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23
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Huang J, Burston JJ, Li L, Ashraf S, Mapp PI, Bennett AJ, Ravipati S, Pousinis P, Barrett DA, Scammell BE, Chapman V. Targeting the D Series Resolvin Receptor System for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Pain. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:996-1008. [PMID: 27860453 PMCID: PMC5763389 DOI: 10.1002/art.40001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective Pain is a major symptom of osteoarthritis (OA); currently available analgesics either do not provide adequate pain relief or are associated with serious side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting the resolvin receptor system to modify OA pain and pathology. Methods Gene expression of 2 resolvin receptors (ALX and ChemR23) was quantified in synovium and medial tibial plateau specimens obtained from patients with OA at the time of joint replacement surgery. Two models of OA joint pain were used for the mechanistic studies. Gene expression in the joint and central nervous system was quantified. The effects of exogenous administration of the D series resolvin precursor 17(R)‐hydroxy‐docosahexaenoic acid (17[R]‐HDoHE) on pain behavior, joint pathology, spinal microglia, and astroglyosis were quantified. Plasma levels of relevant lipids, resolvin D2, 17(R)‐HDoHE, and arachidonic acid, were determined in rats, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results There was a positive correlation between resolvin receptor and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) expression in human OA synovial and medial tibial plateau tissue. In rats, synovial expression of ALX was positively correlated with expression of IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor, and cyclooxygenase 2. Treatment with 17(R)‐HDoHE reversed established pain behavior (but not joint pathology) in 2 models of OA pain. This was associated with a significant elevation in the plasma levels of resolvin D2 and a significant reduction in astrogliosis in the spinal cord in the monosodium iodoacetate–induced OA rat model. Conclusion Our preclinical data demonstrate the robust analgesic effects of activation of the D series resolvin pathways in 2 different animal models of OA. Our data support a predominant central mechanism of action in clinically relevant models of OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Li
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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24
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What's pain (sensitization) got to do with it? Microgliosis may be a treatment target in osteoarthritis-related pain sensitization. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:613-615. [PMID: 28223124 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.02.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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25
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Ratanavaraporn J, Soontornvipart K, Shuangshoti S, Shuangshoti S, Damrongsakkul S. Localized delivery of curcumin from injectable gelatin/Thai silk fibroin microspheres for anti-inflammatory treatment of osteoarthritis in a rat model. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:211-221. [PMID: 28251487 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The previously developed gelatin/silk fibroin microspheres were loaded with curcumin and applied for anti-inflammatory treatment in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) in a rat model. The MIA-induced OA rats received a single intra-articular injection with gelatin or gelatin/silk fibroin (30/70) microspheres encapsulating curcumin. The therapeutic effects of treatment groups [concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in blood serum, radiographic and the histological grading on articular joint] were compared with those of normal saline treated OA and normal rats. The result showed that both microsphere groups reduced the level of IL-6 in serum after 1 week of treatment. The gelatin/silk fibroin (30/70) microspheres encapsulating curcumin delayed the cellular destruction in articular joint and synovial tissue after 8 weeks. The radiographic and histological gradings on articular cartilage lesion and synovial tissue change of rats treated with gelatin/silk fibroin (30/70) microspheres encapsulating curcumin were close to those of the normal rats. It was explained that the slow-degrading gelatin/silk fibroin (30/70) microspheres released curcumin for extended period and showed a prolonged anti-inflammatory effect, compared to the fast-degrading gelatin microspheres. This delivery system of curcumin was suggested to be applied for localized treatment of anti-inflammatory in OA with minimal invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthamas Ratanavaraporn
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, PhayaThai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kumpanart Soontornvipart
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, PhayaThai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Somruetai Shuangshoti
- Department of Medical Services, Institute of Pathology, Ministry of Public Health, Yothi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Shanop Shuangshoti
- Department of Pathology and Chulalongkorn GenePRO Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Damrongsakkul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, PhayaThai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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26
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Burston JJ, Mapp PI, Sarmad S, Barrett DA, Niphakis MJ, Cravatt BF, Walsh DA, Chapman V. Robust anti-nociceptive effects of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition in a model of osteoarthritis pain. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3134-3144. [PMID: 27501482 PMCID: PMC5056226 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Chronic pain is often a symptom of knee osteoarthritis (OA) for which current analgesics are either inadequate or are associated with serious side effects. The endocannabinoid system may offer alternative targets for pain relief. We evaluated the effects of a potent and selective monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipase inhibitor (MJN110) on OA pain behaviour, spinal mechanisms of action and joint histopathology in the rat. Experimental Approach Intra‐articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) models OA pain and mimics clinical joint pathology. Effects of MJN110 on MIA‐induced weight‐bearing asymmetry and lowered paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs), changes in spinal gene expression and brain levels of relevant lipids were determined. Key Results Acute MJN110 (5 mg·kg−1) significantly reversed MIA‐induced weight‐bearing asymmetry (MIA/vehicle: 68 ± 6 g; MIA/MJN110: 35 ± 4 g) and lowered ipsilateral PWTs (MIA/vehicle: 7 ± 0.8 g; MIA/MJN110: 11 ± 0.6 g), via both CB1 and CB2 receptors. Repeated treatment with MJN110 (5 mg·kg−1) resulted in anti‐nociceptive tolerance. A lower dose of MJN110 (1 mg·kg−1) acutely inhibited pain behaviour, which was maintained for 1 week of repeated administration but had no effect on joint histology. MJN110 significantly inhibited expression of membrane‐associated PGE synthase‐1 in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord of MIA rats, compared with vehicle‐treated MIA rats. Both doses of MJN110 significantly elevated brain levels of the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol. Conclusions and Implications Our data support further assessment of the therapeutic potential of MAG lipase inhibitors for the treatment of OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Burston
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. .,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Paul I Mapp
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sarir Sarmad
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David A Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Micah J Niphakis
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Committee of Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Committee of Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David A Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Victoria Chapman
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. .,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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27
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Ziaei A, Sahranavard S, Gharagozlou MJ, Faizi M. Preliminary investigation of the effects of topical mixture of Lawsonia inermis L. and Ricinus communis L. leaves extract in treatment of osteoarthritis using MIA model in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 24:12. [PMID: 27142000 PMCID: PMC4855329 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-016-0152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Many plants have been introduced in Iranian traditional medicine for treatment of different joint problems including knee pain. Topical application of the mixture of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves (Henna) with aqueous extract of Ricinus communis L. leaves have been mentioned to have significant effects on reducing knee pain. The present study was designed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the mixture of these two herbs in male rats. Methods We induced knee osteoarthritis as a model of chronic pain by intra-articular injection of mono sodium iodoacetate (MIA). Mechanical allodynia, hotplate latency test, spontaneous movements and gait analysis were used for the evaluation of analgesic activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring the diameter and the volume of the injected paw compared to contralateral paw. These tests were monitored at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 of MIA administration. Histopathological evaluations were also used to assess the efficacy of the treatment on inflammation and lesions in knee tissue. In all tests, diclofenac topical gel was used as a positive control. The herbal extracts, their mixture, and vehicle or diclofenac gel were administered daily for 14 days by topical route. Results The mixture of these two extracts significantly reduced the knee joint width and volume of the injected paws and also improved foot prints in gait analysis after 3 days of MIA injection. Analysis of mechanical allodynia (after 21 days), hotplate latency test (after 10 days), spontaneous movements (after 7 days) and in positive control group (after 3 days in all tests and in mechanical allodynia after 14 days) compared to the vehicle group, showed significant effects. Topical usage of the selected formulation made significant histopathological changes on the knee of the rats. Compared to the vehicle group, the tests and diclofenac groups showed less reactions characterized by negligible edema and a few scattered inflammatory lymphoid cells. Conclusion The present findings showed that the present formulation not only was able to mitigate pain and inflammation in the paws but also made significant histopathological changes on the knee of the rats. Further studies are necessary to confirm the effect of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Ziaei
- Traditional Medicine and Material Medical Research Center; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamim Sahranavard
- Traditional Medicine and Material Medical Research Center; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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28
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Kim JS, Ahmadinia K, Li X, Hamilton JL, Andrews S, Haralampus CA, Xiao G, Sohn HM, You JW, Seo YS, Stein GS, Van Wijnen AJ, Kim SG, Im HJ. Development of an Experimental Animal Model for Lower Back Pain by Percutaneous Injury-Induced Lumbar Facet Joint Osteoarthritis. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2837-47. [PMID: 25858171 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report generation and characterization of pain-related behavior in a minimally invasive facet joint degeneration (FJD) animal model in rats. FJD was produced by a non-open percutaneous puncture-induced injury on the right lumbar FJs at three consecutive levels. Pressure hyperalgesia in the lower back was assessed by measuring the vocalization response to pressure from a force transducer. After hyperalgesia was established, pathological changes in lumbar FJs and alterations of intervertebral foramen size were assessed by histological and imaging analyses. To investigate treatment options for lumber FJ osteoarthritis-induced pain, animals with established hyperalgesia were administered with analgesic drugs, such as morphine, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (ketorolac), or pregabalin. Effects were assessed by behavioral pain responses. One week after percutaneous puncture-induced injury of the lumbar FJs, ipsilateral primary pressure hyperalgesia developed and was maintained for at least 12 weeks without foraminal stenosis. Animals showed decreased spontaneous activity, but no secondary hyperalgesia in the hind paws. Histopathological and microfocus X-ray computed tomography analyses demonstrated that the percutaneous puncture injury resulted in osteoarthritis-like structural changes in the FJs cartilage and subchondral bone. Pressure hyperalgesia was completely reversed by morphine. The administration of celecoxib produced moderate pain reduction with no statistical significance while the administration of ketorolac and pregabalin produced no analgesic effect on FJ osteoarthritis-induced back pain. Our animal model of non-open percutanous puncture-induced injury of the lumbar FJs in rats shows similar characteristics of low back pain produced by human facet arthropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Kim
- The Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Departments of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kasra Ahmadinia
- Departments of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xin Li
- Departments of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John L Hamilton
- Departments of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Chris A Haralampus
- Departments of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Departments of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biology and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong-Moon Sohn
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won You
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Seob Seo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Medical School, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Andre J Van Wijnen
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Su-Gwan Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Departments of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Internal Medicine Section of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs, Chicago, Illinois
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29
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Miller RE, Tran PB, Sondoqah A, Raghu P, Ishihara S, Miller RJ, Malfait AM. The Role of Peripheral Nociceptive Neurons in the Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis Pain. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2015; 13:318-26. [PMID: 26233284 PMCID: PMC4596062 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-015-0280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is characterized by progressive damage and remodeling of all tissues in the knee joint. Pain is the main symptom associated with knee osteoarthritis. Recent clinical and pre-clinical studies have provided novel insights into the mechanisms that drive the pain associated with joint destruction. In this narrative review, we describe current knowledge regarding the changes in the peripheral and central nervous systems that occur during the progression of osteoarthritis and discuss how therapeutic interventions may provide pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Phuong B. Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Alia Sondoqah
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Padmanabhan Raghu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Shingo Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Richard J. Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Lurie 8-125, 303 E. Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
- Corresponding author Anne-Marie Malfait, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, , T: 312-563-2925, F: 312-563-2267
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30
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Borges G, Berrocoso E, Mico JA, Neto F. ERK1/2: Function, signaling and implication in pain and pain-related anxio-depressive disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 60:77-92. [PMID: 25708652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing knowledge regarding pain modulation, the understanding of the mechanisms behind a complex and pathologic chronic pain condition is still insufficient. These knowledge gaps might result in ineffective therapeutic approaches to relieve painful sensations. As a result, severe untreated chronic pain frequently triggers the onset of new disorders such as depression and/or anxiety, and therefore, both the diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from chronic pain become seriously compromised, prompting a self-perpetuating cycle of symptomatology. The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are molecules strongly implicated in the somatic component of pain at the spinal cord level and have been emerging as mediators of the emotional-affective component as well. Although these molecules might represent good biomarkers, their use as pharmacological targets is still open to discussion as paradoxical information has been obtained. Here we review the current scientific literature regarding ERK1/2 signaling in the modulation of pain, depression and anxiety, including the emotional-affective spheres of the pain experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Borges
- Neuropsycopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience (Pharmacology and Psychiatry), University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain; Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Centro de Investigação Médica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (CIM-FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Nervoso, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Psychobiology Area, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Mico
- Neuropsycopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience (Pharmacology and Psychiatry), University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fani Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Centro de Investigação Médica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (CIM-FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Nervoso, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Porto, Portugal.
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Gao XH, Gao R, Tian YZ, McGonigle P, Barrett JE, Dai Y, Hu H. A store-operated calcium channel inhibitor attenuates collagen-induced arthritis. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2991-3002. [PMID: 25651822 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Store-operated calcium (SOC) channels are thought to play a critical role in immune responses, inflammatory diseases and chronic pain. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role and mechanisms of SOC channels in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The CIA mouse model was used to examine the effects of the SOC channel inhibitor YM-58483 on CIA and arthritic pain. Hargreaves' and von Frey hair tests were conducted to measure thermal and mechanical sensitivities of hind paws. elisa was performed to measure cytokine production, and haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess knee histological changes. Western blot analysis was performed to examine protein levels. KEY RESULTS Pretreatment with 5 or 10 mg · kg(-1) of YM-58483 reduced the incidence of CIA, prevented the development of inflammation and pain hypersensitivity and other signs and features of arthritis disease. Similarly, treatment with YM-58483 after the onset of CIA: (i) reversed the clinical scores; (ii) reduced paw oedema; (iii) attenuated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity; (iv) improved spontaneous motor activity; (v) decreased periphery production of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α; and (vi) reduced spinal activation of ERK and calmodulin-dependent PKII (CaMKIIα). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study provides the first evidence that inhibition of SOC entry prevents and relieves rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and arthritic pain. These effects are probably mediated by a reduction in cytokine levels in the periphery and activation of ERK and CaMKIIα in the spinal cord. These results suggest that SOC channels are potential drug targets for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - R Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Z Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P McGonigle
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J E Barrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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A preclinical physiological assay to test modulation of knee joint pain in the spinal cord: effects of oxycodone and naproxen. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106108. [PMID: 25157947 PMCID: PMC4144976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing in the spinal cord during disease states can reveal mechanisms for novel treatments, yet very little is known about pain processing at this level in the most commonly used animal models of articular pain. Here we report a test of the prediction that two clinically effective compounds, naproxen (an NSAID) and oxycodone (an opiate), are efficacious in reducing the response of spinal dorsal horn neurons to noxious knee joint rotation in the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) sensitized rat. The overall objective for these experiments was to develop a high quality in vivo electrophysiology assay to confidently test novel compounds for efficacy against pain. Given the recent calls for improved preclinical experimental quality we also developed and implemented an Assay Capability Tool to determine the quality of our assay and ensure the quality of our results. Spinal dorsal horn neurons receiving input from the hind limb knee joint were recorded in anesthetized rats 14 days after they were sensitized with 1 mg of MIA. Intravenous administered oxycodone and naproxen were each tested separately for their effects on phasic, tonic, ongoing and afterdischarge action potential counts in response to innocuous and noxious knee joint rotation. Oxycodone reduced tonic spike counts more than the other measures, doing so by up to 85%. Tonic counts were therefore designated the primary endpoint when testing naproxen which reduced counts by up to 81%. Both reductions occurred at doses consistent with clinically effective doses for osteoarthritis. These results demonstrate that clinically effective doses of standard treatments for osteoarthritis reduce pain processing measured at the level of the spinal cord for two different mechanisms. The Assay Capability Tool helped to guide experimental design leading to a high quality and robust preclinical assay to use in discovering novel treatments for pain.
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Edelmayer RM, Brederson JD, Jarvis MF, Bitner RS. Biochemical and pharmacological assessment of MAP-kinase signaling along pain pathways in experimental rodent models: a potential tool for the discovery of novel antinociceptive therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 87:390-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Cobos EJ, Portillo-Salido E. "Bedside-to-Bench" Behavioral Outcomes in Animal Models of Pain: Beyond the Evaluation of Reflexes. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 11:560-91. [PMID: 24396334 PMCID: PMC3849784 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x113119990041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the myriad promising new targets and candidate analgesics recently identified in preclinical pain studies, little translation to novel pain medications has been generated. The pain phenotype in humans involves complex behavioral alterations, including changes in daily living activities and psychological disturbances. These behavioral changes are not reflected by the outcome measures traditionally used in rodents for preclinical pain testing, which are based on reflexes evoked by sensory stimuli of different types (mechanical, thermal or chemical). These measures do not evaluate the impact of the pain experience on the global behavior or disability of the animals, and therefore only consider a limited aspect of the pain phenotype. The development of relevant new outcomes indicative of pain to increase the validity of animal models of pain has been increasingly pursued over the past few years. The aim has been to translate “bedside-to-bench” outcomes from the human pain phenotype to rodents, in order to complement traditional pain outcomes by providing a closer and more realistic measure of clinical pain in rodents. This review summarizes and discusses the most important nonstandard outcomes for pain assessment in preclinical studies. The advantages and drawbacks of these techniques are considered, and their potential impact on the validation of potential analgesics is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique J Cobos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid 11, 18012 Granada
| | - Enrique Portillo-Salido
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, Esteve, Avenida Mare de Déu de Montserrat 221, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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Mechanistic insights into the analgesic efficacy of A-1264087, a novel neuronal Ca(2+) channel blocker that reduces nociception in rat preclinical pain models. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2013; 15:387.e1-14. [PMID: 24374196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels play an important role in nociceptive transmission. There is significant evidence supporting a role for N-, T- and P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels in chronic pain. Here, we report that A-1264087, a structurally novel state-dependent blocker, inhibits each of these human Ca(2+) channels with similar potency (IC50 = 1-2 μM). A-1264087 was also shown to inhibit the release of the pronociceptive calcitonin gene-related peptide from rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Oral administration of A-1264087 produces robust antinociceptive efficacy in monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritic, complete Freund adjuvant-induced inflammatory, and chronic constrictive injury of sciatic nerve-induced, neuropathic pain models with ED50 values of 3.0, 5.7, and 7.8 mg/kg (95% confidence interval = 2.2-3.5, 3.7-10, and 5.5-12.8 mg/kg), respectively. Further analysis revealed that A-1264087 also suppressed nociceptive-induced p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, which are biochemical markers of engagement of pain circuitry in chronic pain states. Additionally, A-1264087 inhibited both spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity in the spinal cord dorsal horn in complete Freund adjuvant-inflamed rats, providing a neurophysiological basis for the observed antihyperalgesia. A-1264087 produced no alteration of body temperature or motor coordination and no learning impairment at therapeutic plasma concentrations. PERSPECTIVE The present results demonstrate that the neuronal Ca(2+) channel blocker A-1264087 exhibits broad-spectrum efficacy through engagement of nociceptive signaling pathways in preclinical pain models in the absence of effects on psychomotor and cognitive function.
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Burston JJ, Sagar DR, Shao P, Bai M, King E, Brailsford L, Turner JM, Hathway GJ, Bennett AJ, Walsh DA, Kendall DA, Lichtman A, Chapman V. Cannabinoid CB2 receptors regulate central sensitization and pain responses associated with osteoarthritis of the knee joint. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80440. [PMID: 24282543 PMCID: PMC3840025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the joint is a prevalent disease accompanied by chronic, debilitating pain. Recent clinical evidence has demonstrated that central sensitization contributes to OA pain. An improved understanding of how OA joint pathology impacts upon the central processing of pain is crucial for the identification of novel analgesic targets/new therapeutic strategies. Inhibitory cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptors attenuate peripheral immune cell function and modulate central neuro-immune responses in models of neurodegeneration. Systemic administration of the CB2 receptor agonist JWH133 attenuated OA-induced pain behaviour, and the changes in circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines exhibited in this model. Electrophysiological studies revealed that spinal administration of JWH133 inhibited noxious-evoked responses of spinal neurones in the model of OA pain, but not in control rats, indicating a novel spinal role of this target. We further demonstrate dynamic changes in spinal CB2 receptor mRNA and protein expression in an OA pain model. The expression of CB2 receptor protein by both neurones and microglia in the spinal cord was significantly increased in the model of OA. Hallmarks of central sensitization, significant spinal astrogliosis and increases in activity of metalloproteases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the spinal cord were evident in the model of OA pain. Systemic administration of JWH133 attenuated these markers of central sensitization, providing a neurobiological basis for analgesic effects of the CB2 receptor in this model of OA pain. Analysis of human spinal cord revealed a negative correlation between spinal cord CB2 receptor mRNA and macroscopic knee chondropathy. These data provide new clinically relevant evidence that joint damage and spinal CB2 receptor expression are correlated combined with converging pre-clinical evidence that activation of CB2 receptors inhibits central sensitization and its contribution to the manifestation of chronic OA pain. These findings suggest that targeting CB2 receptors may have therapeutic potential for treating OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Burston
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Devi Rani Sagar
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pin Shao
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mingfeng Bai
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Emma King
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Brailsford
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jenna M. Turner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J. Hathway
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Bennett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Kendall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aron Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Victoria Chapman
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Yu D, Liu F, Liu M, Zhao X, Wang X, Li Y, Mao Y, Zhu Z. The inhibition of subchondral bone lesions significantly reversed the weight-bearing deficit and the overexpression of CGRP in DRG neurons, GFAP and Iba-1 in the spinal dorsal horn in the monosodium iodoacetate induced model of osteoarthritis pain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77824. [PMID: 24204985 PMCID: PMC3813732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is the most prominent and disabling symptom of osteoarthritis (OA). Clinical data suggest that subchondral bone lesions contribute to the occurrence of joint pain. The present study investigated the effect of the inhibition of subchondral bone lesions on joint pain. METHODS Osteoarthritic pain was induced by an injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the rat knee joint. Zoledronic acid (ZOL), a third generation of bisphosphonate, was used to inhibit subchondral bone lesions. Joint histomorphology was evaluated using X-ray micro computed tomography scanning and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The activity of osteoclast in subchondral bone was evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Joint pain was evaluated using weight-bearing asymmetry, the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and spinal glial activation status using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) immunofluorescence. Afferent neurons in the DRGs that innervated the joints were identified using retrograde fluorogold labeling. RESULTS MIA injections induced significant histomorphological alterations and joint pain. The inhibition of subchondral bone lesions by ZOL significantly reduced the MIA-induced weight-bearing deficit and overexpression of CGRP in DRG neurons, GFAP and Iba-1 in the spinal dorsal horn at 3 and 6 weeks after MIA injection; however, joint swelling and synovial reaction were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of subchondral bone lesions alleviated joint pain. Subchondral bone lesions should be a key target in the management of osteoarthritic joint pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanqing Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenan Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Mapp PI, Sagar DR, Ashraf S, Burston JJ, Suri S, Chapman V, Walsh DA. Differences in structural and pain phenotypes in the sodium monoiodoacetate and meniscal transection models of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1336-45. [PMID: 23973148 PMCID: PMC3790974 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize differences in joint pathology and pain behavior between two rat models of osteoarthritis (OA) in order to inform selection of animal models for interventional studies. METHOD Knee OA was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by either meniscal transection (MNX) or intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Controls were subjected to sham surgery or saline-injection. In a separate experiment, a single intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide was administered 14 days after MNX or MIA arthritis induction. Pain behavior and joint pathology were quantified. RESULTS Both models displayed synovial inflammation, chondropathy and osteophytosis. Chondropathy scores increased with time similarly in the two models. Inflammation and osteophyte scores were greater in MNX model compared to the MIA model. At day 49, the MNX model exhibited a greater number of channels crossing the osteochondral junction compared to all other groups. The MNX model exhibited greater weight bearing asymmetry compared to the MIA model, whereas the MIA model displayed more consistent hindpaw allodynia. Triamcinolone attenuated weight bearing asymmetry and distal allodynia to control levels in the MNX model, but distal allodynia was unaltered in the MIA model. CONCLUSIONS The comparison of the two models of OA in rats, using identical assessment tools has demonstrated that although both models display features of OA, there are differences between the models which may represent different aspects of human OA. Thus, model selection should be based on the pathological aspects of OA under investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/physiopathology
- Behavior, Animal
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Iodoacetic Acid/pharmacology
- Male
- Menisci, Tibial/physiopathology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/chemically induced
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/physiopathology
- Osteophyte/chemically induced
- Osteophyte/pathology
- Osteophyte/physiopathology
- Pain Threshold/physiology
- Phenotype
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Synovitis/chemically induced
- Synovitis/pathology
- Synovitis/physiopathology
- Tibial Meniscus Injuries
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Mapp
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK.
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Zhang RX, Ren K, Dubner R. Osteoarthritis pain mechanisms: basic studies in animal models. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1308-15. [PMID: 23973145 PMCID: PMC3771690 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex and painful disease of the whole joint. At present there are no satisfying agents for treating OA. To promote OA research and improved treatment, this review summarizes current preclinical evidence on the development of OA. METHODS Preclinical OA research was searched and key findings are summarized and commented. RESULTS Mechanisms of OA-associated pain have been studied in rodent knee OA models produced by intra-knee injection of the chondrocyte glycolytic inhibitor mono-iodoacetate (MIA), surgery, or spontaneous development in some species. These models are clinically relevant in terms of histological damage and functional changes, and are used to study mechanisms underlying mechanical, thermal, ambulatory, body weight supporting-evoked, and ongoing OA pain. Recent peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal biochemical and electrophysiological studies in these models suggest that peripheral pro-inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides sensitize knee nociceptors. Spinal cytokines and neuropeptides promote OA pain, and peripheral and spinal cannabinoids inhibit OA pain respectively through cannabinoid-1 (CB1) and CB1/CB2 receptors. TRPV1 and metalloproteinases contribute and supraspinal descending facilitation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)/5-HT 3 receptors may also contribute to OA pain. Conditioned place preference tests demonstrate that OA pain induces aversive behaviors, suggesting the involvement of brain. During OA, brain functional connectivity is enhanced, but at present it is unclear how this change is related to OA pain. CONCLUSION Animal studies demonstrate that peripheral and central sensitization contributes to OA pain, involving inflammatory cytokines, neuropeptides, and a variety of chemical mediators. Interestingly, brainstem descending facilitation of 5-HT/5-HT3 receptors plays a role OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xin Zhang
- Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Ronald Dubner
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Gregersen LS, Røsland T, Arendt-Nielsen L, Whiteside G, Hummel M. Unrestricted Weight Bearing as a Method for Assessment of Nociceptive Behavior in a Model of Tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2013.33030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ogbonna AC, Clark AK, Gentry C, Hobbs C, Malcangio M. Pain-like behaviour and spinal changes in the monosodium iodoacetate model of osteoarthritis in C57Bl/6 mice. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:514-26. [PMID: 23169679 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent, age-related pain condition that poses a significant clinical problem. Here, in the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) model of OA, we have characterized pain behaviours and associated changes at the first pain synapse in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. METHODS Mice received intra-articular injections of 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg MIA and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was monitored for up to 4 weeks. An intrathecal injection of peptide antagonist calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP8-37 ) was given 3 weeks post MIA and paw withdrawal thresholds were measured after 1 and 3 h. Immunohistochemical analysis of the lumbar dorsal horn was carried out and activity-evoked CGRP release was measured from isolated lumbar dorsal horn slices - with dorsal roots attached. RESULTS By 2 weeks after intra-articular MIA injection, mechanical hypersensitivity was established in the ipsilateral hindpaw. There was no evidence of sensory neuron damage in lumbar dorsal root ganglia 7 days after 1 mg MIA. However, both dorsal horn neuron activation and microglial response (Fos and Iba-1 immunostaining) but not reactive astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein) were observed. Evoked CGRP release was greater from dorsal horn slices of MIA-treated mice compared with control. Furthermore, intrathecal administration of peptide antagonist CGRP8-37 acutely attenuated established MIA-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Intra-articular MIA is associated with referred mechanical hypersensitivity and increased release of CGRP from primary afferent fibres in the dorsal horn where second-order neuron activation is associated with a microglial response. Antagonism of CGRP receptor activation provides a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of pain in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Ogbonna
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, UK
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Miller TR, Wetter JB, Jarvis MF, Bitner RS. Spinal microglial activation in rat models of neuropathic and osteoarthritic pain: an autoradiographic study using [3H]PK11195. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:692-703. [PMID: 23070996 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia serve as macrophage-like cells in the central nervous system, and activation of microglial cells in the spinal cord may contribute to ongoing pain following peripheral trauma or nerve injury. Following pronociceptive stimulation, activated microglia exhibit increased expression of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR)/translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO). METHODS Using radioligand binding autoradiography and filtration assays, we examined the specific binding of the PBR/TSPO ligand [(3)H]PK11195 in spinal cords from the following rat experimental pain models: neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL), osteoarthritic pain induced by intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate in the knee joint (MIA-OA), and subchronic inflammatory pain induced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). RESULTS Specific [(3)H]PK11195 binding in dorsal and ventral regions of lumbar spinal cord was increased by ≥70% ipsilateral to SNL. Also, specific [(3)H]PK11195 binding in the ipsilateral (injured) lumbar spinal cord was increased by approximately 25% in MIA-OA. In contrast to the data obtained in these chronic neuropathic and nociceptive pain models, specific [(3)H]PK11195 binding in the ipsilateral (injured) dorsal horn was elevated in only one of six CFA rats. Consistent with increased PBR/TSPO binding measured for SNL and MIA-OA rats, increased anti-OX-42 immunostaining of the cell surface microglial marker CD11b was observed in the ipsilateral spinal cord from these models. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that [(3)H]PK11195 binding assays may serve as a marker of spinal microglial activation in experimental models of chronic neuropathic or osteoarthritic pain, which may be translatable to clinical research through novel applications of PBR/TSPO imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Miller
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, USA.
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Kovács G, Petrovszki Z, Mallareddy J, Tóth G, Benedek G, Horváth G. Characterization of antinociceptive potency of endomorphin-2 derivatives with unnatural amino acids in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 99:353-63. [DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.99.2012.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang XW, Hu S, Mao-Ying QL, Li Q, Yang CJ, Zhang H, Mi WL, Wu GC, Wang YQ. Activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase in spinal cord contributes to breast cancer induced bone pain in rats. Mol Brain 2012; 5:21. [PMID: 22681856 PMCID: PMC3407760 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-5-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most frequent pain in patients with metastatic breast and prostate cancer is bone pain, which can be severe and difficult to treat. The mechanisms underlying this pain remain unclear. Here we investigated the role of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in the spinal cord in cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). RESULTS In this study, we used an established rat CIBP model to investigate the possible role of JNK activation in the spinal cord. After intra-tibial inoculation with Walker 256 rat mammary gland carcinoma cells, the rats displayed mechanical allodynia on day 5, which lasted to day 16. The activation of JNK in neurons and astrocytes in the spinal cord was found on day 12 and day 16 after intra-tibial inoculation with carcinoma cells. A single intrathecal injection with JNK inhibitor SP600125 by lumbar puncture attenuated mechanical allodynia on day 12, and repeated intrathecal injection of SP600126 from day 10 to day 14 had a cumulative analgesic effect on CIBP. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrated for the first time that JNK activation in the spinal cord is required in the maintenance of CIBP. Inhibition of the spinal JNK pathway may provide a new therapy for CIBP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Minocycline markedly reduces acute visceral nociception via inhibiting neuronal ERK phosphorylation. Mol Pain 2012; 8:13. [PMID: 22364340 PMCID: PMC3342906 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Minocycline prevents the development of neuropathic and inflammatory pain by inhibiting microglial activation and postsynaptic currents. But, how minocycline obviates acute visceral pain is unclear. The present study investigated whether minocycline had an any antinociceptive effect on acetic acid-induced acute abdominal pain after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of saline or minocycline 1 hour before acetic acid injection (1.0%, 250 μl, i.p.). Results Minocycline (4, 10, or 40 mg/kg) significantly decreased acetic acid-induced nociception (0-60 minutes post-injection) and the enhancement in the number of c-Fos positive cells in the T5-L2 spinal cord induced by acetic acid injection. Also, the expression of spinal phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) induced by acetic acid was reduced by minocycline pre-administration. Interestingly, intrathecal introduction of PD98059, an ERK upstream kinase inhibitor, markedly blocked the acetic acid-stimulated pain responses. Conclusions These results demonstrate that minocycline effectively inhibits acetic acid-induced acute abdominal nociception via the inhibition of neuronal p-ERK expression in the spinal cord, and that minocycline may have therapeutic potential in suppressing acute abdominal pain.
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Sagar DR, Burston JJ, Hathway GJ, Woodhams SG, Pearson RG, Bennett AJ, Kendall DA, Scammell BE, Chapman V. The contribution of spinal glial cells to chronic pain behaviour in the monosodium iodoacetate model of osteoarthritic pain. Mol Pain 2011; 7:88. [PMID: 22093915 PMCID: PMC3271989 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-7-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical studies of osteoarthritis (OA) suggest central sensitization may contribute to the chronic pain experienced. This preclinical study used the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) model of OA joint pain to investigate the potential contribution of spinal sensitization, in particular spinal glial cell activation, to pain behaviour in this model. Experimental OA was induced in the rat by the intra-articular injection of MIA and pain behaviour (change in weight bearing and distal allodynia) was assessed. Spinal cord microglia (Iba1 staining) and astrocyte (GFAP immunofluorescence) activation were measured at 7, 14 and 28 days post MIA-treatment. The effects of two known inhibitors of glial activation, nimesulide and minocycline, on pain behaviour and activation of microglia and astrocytes were assessed. Results Seven days following intra-articular injection of MIA, microglia in the ipsilateral spinal cord were activated (p < 0.05, compared to contralateral levels and compared to saline controls). Levels of activated microglia were significantly elevated at day 14 and 21 post MIA-injection. At day 28, microglia activation was significantly correlated with distal allodynia (p < 0.05). Ipsilateral spinal GFAP immunofluorescence was significantly (p < 0.01) increased at day 28, but not at earlier timepoints, in the MIA model, compared to saline controls. Repeated oral dosing (days 14-20) with nimesulide attenuated pain behaviour and the activation of microglia in the ipsilateral spinal cord at day 21. This dosing regimen also significantly attenuated distal allodynia (p < 0.001) and numbers of activated microglia (p < 0.05) and GFAP immunofluorescence (p < 0.001) one week later in MIA-treated rats, compared to vehicle-treated rats. Repeated administration of minocycline also significantly attenuated pain behaviour and reduced the number of activated microglia and decreased GFAP immunofluorescence in ipsilateral spinal cord of MIA treated rats. Conclusions Here we provide evidence for a contribution of spinal glial cells to pain behaviour, in particular distal allodynia, in this model of osteoarthritic pain. Our data suggest there is a potential role of glial cells in the central sensitization associated with OA, which may provide a novel analgesic target for the treatment of OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Rani Sagar
- Arthritis Research UK, Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Crown ED. The role of mitogen activated protein kinase signaling in microglia and neurons in the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain. Exp Neurol 2011; 234:330-9. [PMID: 22062045 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatments for patients suffering from chronic pain remain an area of intense focus within the pharmaceutical industry, as the development of novel therapies would help to treat an area of significant unmet medical need. The successful development of pharmacological agents to treat inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions relies on a thorough understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the development and maintenance of chronic pain states. The goal of this review is to highlight recent discoveries regarding the intracellular signaling mechanisms that appear to play a critical role in persistent inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The review will focus on the mitogen activated protein kinase family of enzymes and the data suggesting that treatments designed to inhibit the activation of these enzymes may lead to significant advancements in the treatment of chronic pain. The review will also highlight the important interplay between neurons and non-neuronal cells (i.e., microglia and astrocytes) within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in the generation and maintenance of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
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