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Rasouli S, Dakic A, Wang QE, Mitchell D, Blakaj DM, Putluri N, Li J, Liu X. Noncanonical functions of telomerase and telomeres in viruses-associated cancer. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29665. [PMID: 38738582 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The cause of cancer is attributed to the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells resulting from genetic changes and alterations in cell behavior, a phenomenon known as epigenetics. Telomeres, protective caps on the ends of chromosomes, regulate both cellular aging and cancer formation. In most cancers, telomerase is upregulated, with the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) enzyme and telomerase RNA component (TERC) RNA element contributing to the maintenance of telomere length. Additionally, it is noteworthy that two viruses, human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), utilize telomerase for their replication or persistence in infected cells. Also, TERT and TERC may play major roles in cancer not related to telomere biology. They are involved in the regulation of gene expression, signal transduction pathways, cellular metabolism, or even immune response modulation. Furthermore, the crosstalk between TERT, TERC, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs contributes to a greater extent to cancer biology. To understand the multifaceted roles played by TERT and TERC in cancer and viral life cycles, and then to develop effective therapeutic strategies against these diseases, are fundamental for this goal. By investigating deeply, the complicated mechanisms and relationships between TERT and TERC, scientists will open the doors to new therapies. In its analysis, the review emphasizes the significance of gaining insight into the multifaceted roles that TERT and TERC play in cancer pathogenesis, as well as their involvement in the viral life cycle for designing effective anticancer therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rasouli
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Aleksandra Dakic
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute of Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qi-En Wang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Darrion Mitchell
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dukagjin M Blakaj
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jenny Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Urology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Zhang H, Wang X, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Liu R, Luo H, Wang Z. Review of possible mechanisms of radiotherapy resistance in cervical cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1164985. [PMID: 37692844 PMCID: PMC10484717 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1164985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments for cervical cancer. Early cervical cancer is usually considered postoperative radiotherapy alone. Radiotherapy combined with cisplatin is the standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC), but sometimes the disease will relapse within a short time after the end of treatment. Tumor recurrence is usually related to the inherent radiation resistance of the tumor, mainly involving cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, tumor microenvironment, tumor metabolism, and stem cells. In the past few decades, the mechanism of radiotherapy resistance of cervical cancer has been extensively studied, but due to its complex process, the specific mechanism of radiotherapy resistance of cervical cancer is still not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the current status of radiotherapy resistance in cervical cancer and the possible mechanisms of radiotherapy resistance, and provide favorable therapeutic targets for improving radiotherapy sensitivity. In conclusion, this article describes the importance of understanding the pathway and target of radioresistance for cervical cancer to promote the development of effective radiotherapy sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqun Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiuning Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Luo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
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Miller J, Dakic A, Spurgeon M, Saenz F, Kallakury B, Zhao B, Zhang J, Zhu J, Ma Q, Xu Y, Lambert P, Schlegel R, Riegel AT, Liu X. AIB1 is a novel target of the high-risk HPV E6 protein and a biomarker of cervical cancer progression. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3962-3977. [PMID: 35437795 PMCID: PMC9199254 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV-16, -18) are critical etiologic agents in human malignancy, most importantly in cervical cancer. These oncogenic viruses encode the E6 and E7 proteins that are uniformly retained and expressed in cervical cancers and required for maintenance of the tumorigenic phenotype. The E6 and E7 proteins were first identified as targeting the p53 and pRB tumor suppressor pathways, respectively, in host cells, thereby leading to disruption of cell cycle controls. In addition to p53 degradation, a number of other functions and critical targets for E6 have been described, including telomerase, Myc, PDZ-containing proteins, Akt, Wnt, mTORC1, as well as others. In this study, we identified Amplified in Breast Cancer 1 (AIB1) as a new E6 target. We first found that E6 and hTERT altered similar profiling of gene expression in human foreskin keratinocytes (HFK), independent of telomerase activity. Importantly, AIB1 was a common transcriptional target of both E6 and hTERT. We then verified that high-risk E6 but not low-risk E6 expression led to increases in AIB1 transcript levels by real-time RT-PCR, suggesting that AIB1 upregulation may play an important role in cancer development. Western blots demonstrated that AIB1 expression increased in HPV-16 E6 and E7 expressing (E6E7) immortalized foreskin and cervical keratinocytes, and in three of four common cervical cancer cell lines as well. Then, we evaluated the expression of AIB1 in human cervical lesions and invasive carcinoma using immunohistochemical staining. Strikingly, AIB1 showed positivity in the nucleus of cells in the immediate suprabasal epithelium, while nuclei of the basal epithelium were negative, as evident in the Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 1 (CIN1) samples. As the pathological grading of cervical lesions increased from CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma, AIB1 staining increased progressively, suggesting that AIB1 may serve as a novel histological biomarker for cervical cancer development. For cases of invasive cervical carcinoma, AIB1 staining was specific to cancerous lesions. Increased expression of AIB1 was also observed in transgenic mouse cervical neoplasia and cancer models induced by E6E7 and estrogen. Knockdown of AIB1 expression in E6E7 immortalized human cervical cells significantly abolished cell proliferation. Taken together, these data support AIB1 as a novel target of HPV E6 and a biomarker of cervical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Miller
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Aleksandra Dakic
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Megan Spurgeon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of OncologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Francisco Saenz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- The James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Qin Ma
- The James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Ying Xu
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of BioinformaticsThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Paul Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of OncologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Anna T. Riegel
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- The James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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The Role of p16/Ki-67 Immunostaining, hTERC Amplification and Fibronectin in Predicting Cervical Cancer Progression: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070956. [PMID: 36101337 PMCID: PMC9312145 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are common sexually transmitted infectious agents responsible for several anogenital and head and neck cancers. Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth leading cause of death in women with cancer. The progression of a persistent HPV infection to cancer takes 15–20 years and can be preventable through screening. Cervical cytology (Pap smear) is the standard screening test for CC and precancerous lesions. For ASC-US and ASC-H lesions, a combination of Pap smear and HR-HPV analysis is recommended as a triage step before colposcopy. However, these tests cannot predict progression to CC. For this purpose, we summarized current scientific data on the role of p16/Ki-67 immunohistostaining, telomerase and fibronectin in predicting progression to CC. p16 and p16/Ki-67 dual staining (DS) were more specific than HR-HPV DNA testing for the detection of CIN2+/CIN3+ in women with ASC-US and LSIL. Similarly, hTERC FISH analysis significantly improved the specificity and positive predictive value of HPV DNA testing in differentiating CIN2+ from CIN2 cytological samples. In conclusion, p16 IHC, p16/Ki-67 DS and hTERC FISH amplification are all valid adjunctive biomarkers which significantly increase the sensitivity and specificity of cervical dysplasia diagnosis, especially when combined with HPV DNA testing. However, considering the global socioeconomic background, we can postulate that p16 and p16/ Ki-67 IHC can be used as a next step after positive cytology for ASC-US or LSIL specimens in low-income countries, instead of HPV DNA testing. Alternatively, if HPV DNA testing is covered by insurance, p16 or p16/Ki-67 DS and HPV DNA co-testing can be performed. In middle- and high-income countries, hTERC amplification can be performed as an adjunctive test to HPV DNA testing in women with ASC-US and LSIL.
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Ravaioli S, Pirini F, Tumedei MM, Puccetti M, Chiadini E, Serra P, Kahima J, Masalu N, Amadori D, Bravaccini S. An initiative to assess the quality of Tanzanian cervical cancer specimens for HPV and telomerase detection. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 218:153344. [PMID: 33486318 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess the quality of Tanzanian cervical cancer specimens, evaluating telomerase alterations and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in relation to histopathological characteristics since these biomarkers are not routinely analyzed. Thirty-two Tanzanian women with invasive cervical cancer were included in the study. Histopathological classification and all the analyses on tissue, including TERT immunohistochemistry, were performed at IRST IRCCS (Meldola, Italy). HPV typization was performed by pyrosequencing. FHACT™ was used to identify chromosomal aberrations. Nonparametric ranking statistics were used. The majority (75 %) of the cases analyzed were squamous carcinoma, while 12.5 % were adenocarcinoma. The presence of HPV infection was confirmed in 26/27 (96.3 %) cases. A high percentage of patients (88 %) were infected with HPV16 of whom 12 (44.4 %) with African type 1, and 4 (14.8 %) with African type 2. TERT expression evaluated in the entire case series showed a median H-score of 130 (range 3-270), with only one negative case. 88 % of the FISH-evaluable samples showed an amplification of the chromosomal region 3q26 (TERC) and/or 5p15, and 20q13, associated with a higher median expression of TERT (P = 0.0226). Despite pre-analytical problems in terms of sample fixation, we showed that the search for biomarkers such as HPV and telomerase is feasible in Tanzanian tissue. These markers could be important risk-stratification tools in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ravaioli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesca Pirini
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Tumedei
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Chiadini
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Patrizia Serra
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | | | | | - Dino Amadori
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
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Adiga D, Eswaran S, Pandey D, Sharan K, Kabekkodu SP. Molecular landscape of recurrent cervical cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103178. [PMID: 33279812 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a major gynecological problem in developing and underdeveloped countries. Despite the significant advancement in early detection and treatment modalities, several patients recur. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms responsible for CC recurrence remains obscure. The patients with CC recurrence often show poor prognosis and significantly high mortality rates. The clinical management of recurrent CC depends on treatment history, site, and extent of the recurrence. Owing to poor prognosis and limited treatment options, recurrent CC often presents a challenge to the clinicians. Several in vitro, in vivo, and patient studies have led to the identification of the critical molecular changes responsible for CC recurrence. Both aberrant genetic and epigenetic modifications leading to altered cell signaling pathways have been reported to impact CC recurrence. Researchers are currently trying to dissect the molecular pathways in CC and translate these findings for better management of disease. This article attempts to review the existing knowledge of disease relapse, accompanying challenges, and associated molecular players in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sangavi Eswaran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of OBGYN, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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The biological function and clinical significance of SF3B1 mutations in cancer. Biomark Res 2020; 8:38. [PMID: 32905346 PMCID: PMC7469106 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spliceosome mutations have become the most interesting mutations detected in human cancer in recent years. The spliceosome, a large, dynamic multimegadalton small nuclear ribonucleoprotein composed of small nuclear RNAs associated with proteins, is responsible for removing introns from precursor mRNA (premRNA) and generating mature, spliced mRNAs. SF3B1 is the largest subunit of the spliceosome factor 3b (SF3B) complex, which is a core component of spliceosomes. Recurrent somatic mutations in SF3B1 have been detected in human cancers, including hematological malignancies and solid tumors, and indicated to be related to patient prognosis. This review summarizes the research progress of SF3B1 mutations in cancer, including SF3B1 mutations in the HEAT domain, the multiple roles and aberrant splicing events of SF3B1 mutations in the pathogenesis of tumors, and changes in mutated cancer cells regarding sensitivity to SF3B small-molecule inhibitors. In addition, the potential of SF3B1 or its mutations to serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cancer is discussed. The accumulated knowledge about SF3B1 mutations in cancer provides critical insight into the integral role the SF3B1 protein plays in mRNA splicing and suggests new targets for anticancer therapy.
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Stabilization of telomere by the antioxidant property of polyphenols: Anti-aging potential. Life Sci 2020; 259:118341. [PMID: 32853653 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a form of a gradual loss of physiological integrity that results in impaired cellular function and ultimately increased vulnerability to disease and death. This process is a significant risk factor for critical age-related disorders such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurological conditions. Several mechanisms contribute to aging, most notably progressive telomeres shortening, which can be counteracted by telomerase enzyme activity and increasing in this enzyme activity associated with partly delaying the onset of aging. Individual behaviors and environmental factors such as nutrition affect the life-span by impact the telomerase activity rate. Healthy eating habits, including antioxidant intakes, such as polyphenols, can have a positive effect on telomere length by this mechanism. In this review, after studying the underlying mechanisms of aging and understanding the relationships between telomeres, telomerase, and aging, it has been attempted to explain the effect of polyphenols on reversing the oxidative stress and aging process.
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Liu Y, Fan P, Yang Y, Xu C, Huang Y, Li D, Qing Q, Sun C, Zhou H. Human papillomavirus and human telomerase RNA component gene in cervical cancer progression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15926. [PMID: 31685833 PMCID: PMC6828729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine hTERC gene in different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer, and the association between hTERC and high risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. Patients who underwent cervical cancer screening at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between October 2010 and December 2011 were enrolled. All patients underwent liquid-based cytology test and hybrid capture 2 (HC2) for HPV detection. hTERC was examined using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Cervical colposcopy biopsy was performed if any of the three results was positive. HC2, FISH, and pathology were compared. A total of 1200 women underwent screening, 150 patients underwent cervical biopsy: 32 in the normal group, 38 in the CIN1 group, 66 in the CIN2/3 group, and 14 in the invasive cervical cancer group. More patients had HR-HPV infection in the CIN2/3 group and ICC group compared with the CIN1 group. hTERC increased with increasing histological dysplasia. There was significant difference in hTERC positive rate between each of the three groups. More patients with hTERC gene amplification were observed in the positive HR-HPV group than in the HR-HPV negative group. In conclusion, hTERC is a potential marker for precancerous cervical cancer lesions. hTERC might be correlated with HR-HPV infection in cervical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Reproductive, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P.R. China
| | - Pianping Fan
- Department of Gynecology, LinFen Central Hospital of Shanxi Province, LinFen, Shanxi, 041000, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P.R. China
| | - Changjun Xu
- Department of Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P.R. China
| | - Yajuan Huang
- Department of Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P.R. China
| | - Daizhu Li
- Department of Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P.R. China
| | - Qing Qing
- Department of Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P.R. China
| | - Chunyi Sun
- Department of Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P.R. China.
| | - Honglin Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P.R. China.
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Chen X, Wei S, Ma H, Jin G, Hu Z, Suping H, Li D, Hang D, Wu X, Li N. Telomere length in cervical exfoliated cells, interaction with HPV genotype, and cervical cancer occurrence among high-risk HPV-positive women. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4845-4851. [PMID: 31243901 PMCID: PMC6712472 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is recognized as the main cause of cervical cancer, only a minority of HPV-infected women develop this malignancy. Increasing evidence suggests that alterations of telomere length might be implicated in carcinogenesis. However, the association between cervical cancer and telomere length remains unknown. METHODS This case-control study included 591 cervical cancer patients and 373 cancer-free controls, all of whom were infected with HR-HPV. Relative telomere length (RTL) in cervical cancer exfoliated cells was measured by quantitative PCR. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS HPV16, 18, 52, and 58 were common in both case and control groups. The proportion of HPV16 infection tended to increase across the quartiles of RTL (Ptrend < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association of RTL with tumor differentiation, histological type, and FIGO stage. After adjustment for age and HPV types, the lowest quartile of RTL presented a 49% lower risk (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.76; P < 0.001) than those with the highest quartile of RTL. There was also a dose-response relationship of shorter RTL on lower risk of cervical cancer (Ptrend < 0.001). CONCLUSION Shortened telomere length in cervical exfoliated cells was related to the lower risk of cervical cancer among HR-HPV-positive women, which might help to improve cervical cancer screening and surveillance. Further prospective studies with large sample should be designed to validate our preliminary findings, and evaluate the potential efficacy of telomere length for cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Wei
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Suping
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dake Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Li
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Rachmadi L, Siregar NC, Kanoko M, Andrijono A, Bardosono S, Suryandari DA, Sekarutami SM, Hernowo BS. Role of Cancer Stem Cell, Apoptotic Factor, DNA Repair, and Telomerase Toward Radiation Therapy Response in Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer. Oman Med J 2019; 34:224-230. [PMID: 31110630 PMCID: PMC6505348 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2019.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cancer stem cells are involved in radioresistant cancers. Transcription factors Sry-related HMG box (SOX2) and octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) can confer pluripotent cell characteristics and self-renewal ability and are involved in carcinogenesis, metastasis, tumor recurrence, and resistance to therapy. Apoptosis, DNA repair, and telomerase factors also contribute to radioresistance. We sought to identify the role of SOX2 and OCT4 as cancer stem cell markers and their effects on apoptosis (via caspase 3), DNA repair (Chk1) and telomerase (hTERT) in conferring resistance to radiotherapy. Methods We conducted a case-control study of 40 patients with stage IIIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma who completed radiation therapy at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. The patients were classified according to their treatment response as having exhibited a complete or incomplete response. Clinical follow-up and Pap smears were performed between six and 12 months after therapy for those with a good initial response to determine the final response to therapy. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze SOX2, OCT4, caspase-3, Chk1, and hTERT expression in paraffin sections of the initial biopsy. Results Strong expression of SOX2 (p = 0.011, p = 0.001) and OCT4 (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with both an incomplete initial and final therapy response, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that SOX2 and OCT4 expression levels were the strongest markers of an incomplete response to radiotherapy (odds ratio (OR) = 5.12, p = 0.034, and OR = 17.03, p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions Strong expression of SOX2 and OCT4 may be a good indicator of incomplete radiotherapy outcome in patients with stage IIIB cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisnawati Rachmadi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurjati Chairani Siregar
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mpu Kanoko
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andrijono Andrijono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Saptawati Bardosono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Anita Suryandari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sri Mutya Sekarutami
- Department of Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bethy Suryawathy Hernowo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjajaran-Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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12
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Li M, Du X, Lu M, Zhang W, Sun Z, Li L, Ye M, Fan W, Jiang S, Liu A, Wang M, Meng Y, Li Y. Prevalence characteristics of single and multiple HPV infections in women with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in Beijing, China. J Med Virol 2018; 91:473-481. [PMID: 30281807 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the prevalence characteristics of single and multiple high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections. A total of 1783 women who underwent colposcopy and cervical biopsy for abnormal ThinPrep Cytology Test and/or HR-HPV subtype genotyping results were enrolled in the study. Among the participants, 770 were diagnosed with cervicitis, 395 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1), 542 with CIN2-3, and 76 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with HR-HPV infection rates of 75.8%, 85.8%, 95.9%, and 88.4%, respectively. The prevalence of total and multiple HR-HPV infections exhibited a bimodal age distribution with a peak at ≤25 years, a decline with age and a second peak at ≥55 years, whereas single HR-HPV infections exhibited one peak from 35 to 44 years. The four most dominant HPV genotypes were HPV 16 (29.5%), 52 (15.0%), 58 (14.2%), and 18 (10.4%). In total, 67.0%, 70.4%, and 82.1% of patients with CIN1, CIN2-3, and SCC, respectively, had a single HR-HPV infection, which increased significantly with the aggravation of the cervical lesion grade (P = 0.045). Patients with a single HPV 16 infection had higher incidences of CIN2+ (62.2%) than those with multiple HPV 16 infections (52.4%) (P = 0.021). Patients coinfected with HPV 16 had higher CIN2+ incidence than those with single HPV 52, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 56, or 59 infections (P < 0.001). This study provided baseline data on the prevalence characteristics of single and multiple HR-HPV infections in women attending a gynecological outpatient clinic in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Du
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Menghan Lu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxia Ye
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Department of Pathology, People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanguang Meng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Pańczyszyn A, Boniewska-Bernacka E, Głąb G. Telomeres and Telomerase During Human Papillomavirus-Induced Carcinogenesis. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 22:421-430. [PMID: 29777397 PMCID: PMC6061425 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) belong to a small spherical virus family and are transmitted through direct contact, most often through sexual behavior. More than 200 types of HPV are known, a dozen or so of which are classified as high-risk viruses (HR HPV) and may contribute to the development of cervical cancer. HPV is a small virus with a capsid composed of L1 and L2 proteins, which are crucial for entry to the cell. The infection begins at the basal cell layer and progresses to involve cells from higher layers of the cervical epithelium. E6 and E7 viral proteins are involved in the process of carcinogenesis. They interact with suppressors of oncogenesis, including p53 and Rb proteins. This leads to DNA replication and intensive cell divisions. The persistent HR HPV infection leads to the development of dysplasia and these changes may progress to invasive cancer. During the initial stage of carcinogenesis, telomeres shorten until telomerase activates. The activation of telomerase, the enzyme necessary to extend chromosome ends (telomeres) is the key step in cell immortalization. Analyzing the expression level of hTERT and hTERC genes encoding telomerase and telomere length measurement may constitute new markers of the early carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pańczyszyn
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Opole, ul. Kominka 6, 45-035, Opole, Poland.
| | - Ewa Boniewska-Bernacka
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Opole, ul. Kominka 6, 45-035, Opole, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Głąb
- Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole, Opole, Poland
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14
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Gaspar TB, Sá A, Lopes JM, Sobrinho-Simões M, Soares P, Vinagre J. Telomere Maintenance Mechanisms in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E241. [PMID: 29751586 PMCID: PMC5977181 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour cells can adopt telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) to avoid telomere shortening, an inevitable process due to successive cell divisions. In most tumour cells, telomere length (TL) is maintained by reactivation of telomerase, while a small part acquires immortality through the telomerase-independent alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. In the last years, a great amount of data was generated, and different TMMs were reported and explained in detail, benefiting from genome-scale studies of major importance. In this review, we address seven different TMMs in tumour cells: mutations of the TERT promoter (TERTp), amplification of the genes TERT and TERC, polymorphic variants of the TERT gene and of its promoter, rearrangements of the TERT gene, epigenetic changes, ALT, and non-defined TMM (NDTMM). We gathered information from over fifty thousand patients reported in 288 papers in the last years. This wide data collection enabled us to portray, by organ/system and histotypes, the prevalence of TERTp mutations, TERT and TERC amplifications, and ALT in human tumours. Based on this information, we discuss the putative future clinical impact of the aforementioned mechanisms on the malignant transformation process in different setups, and provide insights for screening, prognosis, and patient management stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Bordeira Gaspar
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Sá
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula Soares
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Vinagre
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
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15
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A novel arylbenzofuran induces cervical cancer cell apoptosis and G1/S arrest through ERK-mediated Cdk2/cyclin-A signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41843-41856. [PMID: 27259234 PMCID: PMC5173100 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
7-hydroxy-5,4'-dimethoxy-2-arylbenzofuran (Ary) is purified from Livistona. It has been demonstrated to have anticancer activity to various tumors in including cervical cancer, but its mechanism is still unclear. In the present, we show that Ary induces cervical cancer cells apoptosis through mitochondria degradation and mediates cervical cancer cell arrest. Further, Ary-inducing cell cycle G1/S-phase arrest is associated with increased cyclin A2 and cyclin dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) proteins. Knockdown of cyclin A2 using small interfering RNA (siRNA), and inhibiting Cdk2 activity with flavopiridol, strikingly reduced G1/S-phase arrest. Moreover, Ary sustainedly induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2). And ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibition using specific inhibitor U0126 effectively suppressed cyclin A2 expression, and reduced G1/S-phase arrest induced by Ary. All the experiments in vitro and in vivo verified that Ary has an anticancer effect on cervical cancer. These data provide novel evidences that Ary induces cervical cancer cells apoptosis through mitochondria degradation and cell G1/S-phase arrest. These findings also suggest that ERK-mediated Cdk2/cyclin A signaling pathway is involved in Ary-induced G1/S-phase arrest.
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16
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Molano M, Martín DC, Moreno-Acosta P, Hernández G, Cornall A, Buitrago O, Gamboa O, Garland S, Tabrizi S, Muñoz N. Telomerase activity in cervical scrapes of women with high-grade cervical disease: A nested case-control study. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:354-360. [PMID: 29387223 PMCID: PMC5768073 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological information on telomerase activity (TA) and development of cervical lesions is scarce. A nested case-control study was carried out within a cohort of Colombian women tested for Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Measurement of TA was done in cervical scrapes of 25 women who developed High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HGSIL) during the first 6 years of follow-up and was compared with that of 104 control women who maintained normal cytology during the entire follow-up. TA was measured by a telomerase repeat amplification protocol-ELISA. TA and HPV infections were significantly more frequent in cases than in controls. Likewise, 68% of the cases were positive for both TA and HPV compared with only 7.7% of the controls (P<0.0001). Factors independently associated with increased odds of HGSIL included TA, high risk HPV (hrHPV) infections and multiple parities. When restricted to hrHPV positive women, TA was strongly associated with increased odds of HGSIL (adjusted odds ratio=37.94, 95% confidence interval, 1.64–678.1). In addition to an infection with hrHPV, TA appears to be a significant cofactor for HGSIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Molano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Research Group in Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia.,Research Group in Radiobiology Clinical, Molecular and Cellular, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia
| | - Diana Carolina Martín
- Research Group in Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia
| | - Pablo Moreno-Acosta
- Research Group in Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia.,Research Group in Radiobiology Clinical, Molecular and Cellular, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia
| | | | - Alyssa Cornall
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Oscar Buitrago
- Research Group in Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia
| | - Oscar Gamboa
- Unit of Analysis, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia
| | - Suzanne Garland
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sepehr Tabrizi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nubia Muñoz
- National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia
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17
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Role of Telomerase in Cervical Lesions as Prognostic Marker: A Comparison Between Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2017; 21:42-46. [PMID: 27611439 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Amplification of human telomerase is known to be associated with cervical tumorigenesis, although its role in tumor progression of cervical lesions is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the role of telomerase in predicting the evolution of cervical lesions. METHODS A total of 50 tissue samples taken by biopsy or conization once or repeatedly from 17 patients with cervical lesions over a 14-year follow-up was analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for hTERC gene alterations and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for hTERT expression. The accuracy of the biomarkers was measured using the area under the curve. RESULTS Telomerase gene amplification is highly indicative of cervical lesion evolution and seems to be a more reliable biomarker than the protein expression detected by IHC. In fact, patients with benign lesions or cervical intraepithelial lesions (CINs) showing hTERC amplification relapsed or progressed into CIN 2 and CIN 3 more frequently than those without any gene amplification. FISH and IHC assays had both 86% sensitivity on conized material and 78% and 40% specificity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the most accurate method to evaluate telomerase alterations as prognostic markers in cervical lesions was FISH assay on hTERC gene. The best accuracy was obtained using conized materials.
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18
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Wang L, Wang P, Ren Y, Du J, Jiang J, Jia X, Chen C, Wang Y. Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) Genotypes and Multiple Infections in Cervical Abnormalities from Northern Xinjiang, China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160698. [PMID: 27494179 PMCID: PMC4975475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes often coexist within the cervical epithelia and are frequently detected together in various grades of the cervical neoplasia. To date, only a few reports exist on multiple HPV infections of HPV in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR). In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of High-Risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes and multiple infections. Cervical cytology samples were collected from 428 women who presented cervical abnormalities. Genotyping of HPV was performed by polymerase chain reaction–sequencing based typing (PCR-SBT) using consensus primers and specific primers. Of them, 166 samples were positive for HPV according to PCR results using the consensus primers. These samples contained cervical abnormalities enriched with inflammation (n = 107), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I (n = 19), CINII-III (n = 9) and cervical cancer (n = 31). Of the 166 HPV positive samples as determined by PCR analysis, 151 were further typed by PCR-SBT using 19 pairs of genotype-specific primers. Using this method, 17 different HR-HPV genotypes were identified. The most frequently observed HPV genotypes were HPV16 (44.0%, 73/166), 53 (28.9%, 48/166), 52 (25.3%, 42/166), 58 (22.3%, 37/166) and 35 (17.5%, 29/166). The proportions of single and multiple infections in the HPV-positive specimens were 34.9% and 65.1%, respectively. Multiple HPV types were most prevalent in the inflammatory state (63.0%), followed by cervical cancer (24.1%), CINI (11.1%), and CINII-III (1.9%). The results of our data analyses suggested that i) multiple HPV infection is not necessarily correlated with the severity of cervical abnormalities; and ii) among the multiple HPV infections, double infections combined with HPV16 is the most common. In addition, L1 full-length sequences of the top five high-risk HPV genotypes were amplified and sequenced. According to the L1 sequence of the epidemic genotypes that were amplified, we found that these genotypes contained the sequence point mutation, and that some of these genotypes further showed amino acid modifications. These results provide a basis for the construction of a polyvalent vaccine that is suitable for use in the XUAR, even in economically challenged communities located in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyan Wang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Ren
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Du
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Jia
- First Affiliated Hospital of the School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Telomerase and the process of cervical carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7335-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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20
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Zhao XY, Cui Y, Jiang SF, Liu KJ, Han HQ, Liu XS, Li Y. Human Telomerase Gene and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection are Related to Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:693-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.2.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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21
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Koeneman MM, Kruitwagen RFPM, Nijman HW, Slangen BFM, Van Gorp T, Kruse AJ. Natural history of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a review of prognostic biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:527-46. [PMID: 25703310 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1012068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is largely unpredictable and current histopathological examination is unable to differentiate between lesions that will regress and those that will not. Therefore, most high-grade lesions are currently treated by surgical excision, leading to overtreatment and unnecessary complications. Prognostic biomarkers may differentiate between lesions that will regress and those that will not, making individualized treatment of high-grade CIN possible. This review identifies several promising prognostic biomarkers. These biomarkers include viral genotype and viral DNA methylation (viral factors), human leukocyte antigen-subtypes, markers of lymphoproliferative response, telomerase amplification and human papillomavirus-induced epigenetic effects (host factors) and Ki-67, p53 and pRb (cellular factors). All identified biomarkers were evaluated according to their role in the natural history of high-grade CIN and according to established criteria for evaluation of biomarkers (prospective-specimen-collection, retrospective-blinded-evaluation [PROBE] criteria). None of the biomarkers meets the PROBE criteria for clinical applicability and more research on prognostic biomarkers in high-grade CIN is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot M Koeneman
- GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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22
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Stein MD, Fregnani JHTG, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Longatto-Filho A. Cervicovaginal cytology in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy using the Focalpoint system: results from the RODEO study. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:1. [PMID: 25591792 PMCID: PMC4304134 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluate the performance of the Focalpoint system in identifying and classifying cervical cytology alterations from samples collected from patients treated with Radiotherapy (RT). METHODS The reproducibility of manual and automated screening by cytotechnologists using the BD Focalpoint GS Imaging System was examined. Samples were collected from May 2010 to August 2011. RESULTS A total of 378 treated with RT and 8,967 cytology samples from patients without previous RT, were evaluated. The kappa values for cytological diagnoses read manually and automated in cases without previous RT were as follows: < ASC-H vs. ≥ ASC-H = 0.71; < LSIL vs. ≥ LSIL = 0.66; and < HSIL vs. ≥ HSIL = 0.67. The kappa for cytological diagnoses in post-RT women have showed: < ASC-H vs. ≥ ASC-H = 0.71; < LSIL vs. ≥ LSIL = 0.65; < HSIL vs. ≥ HSIL = 0.57. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference among the kappa values we found. Post-RT cytology showed small diagnostic agreement between manual and automated examination. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Degiovani Stein
- Pathology Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Brazil.
| | - José Humberto T G Fregnani
- Pathology Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Brazil. .,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Brazil.
| | - Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto
- Pathology Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Brazil. .,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Brazil.
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246-903, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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LI HONGSHENG, WANG QIAOYU, LI DONGLI, WANG QUANSHI, WU HUBING. Combination of HSV1-TK/shTERT by retrovirus vector inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:1307-13. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Expression of P16 in high-risk human papillomavirus related lesions of the uterine cervix in a government hospital, Malaysia. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:202. [PMID: 25361681 PMCID: PMC4228182 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. It is well established that human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the prime risk factor in the development of cervical cancer. The current screening and diagnostic tests have limitations in identifying the range of lesions caused by HPV. The current study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of p16 immunohistochemical (IHC) investigation in high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) related lesions of the uterine cervix in Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban, Malaysia. Methods A total of 75 cases were selected from the records of Pathology services, Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar, Seremban. The samples were collected in three separate groups (n = 25 per group) as Carcinoma cervix, Carcinoma in situ and Chronic cervicitis. The demographic data of the patients and the representative paraffin blocks were retrieved from Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar, Seremban. The immunohistochemical staining with p16 and HPV 16 L1 were done on all cases. The staining intensity and density were observed and compared among the three groups of cases. Results Immunohistochemistry of p16INK4A staining shows nil (0/25) expression in the cervicitis patients, 72% (18/25) in CIN patients and 100% (25/25) in cervical carcinoma. HPV 16 L1 was positive in 100% (25/25) of cervicitis patients, 96% (24/25) of CIN patients and 40% (10/25) of cervical cancers patients. A chi square test was used to analyze the result and the obtained p value was <0.05. Conclusion p16 expression was strongly observed in cervical cancer and minimally observed in cervicitis. Thus indicating p16 immunohistochemistry investigations can aid in diagnosing the different categories of cervical lesions into benign, insitu and malignant. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_202
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Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Testing for the Diagnosis of High-Grade Cervical Abnormalities. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2014; 18:218-27. [DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rosario M, Corliss HL, Everett BG, Russell ST, Buchting FO, Birkett MA. Mediation by peer violence victimization of sexual orientation disparities in cancer-related tobacco, alcohol, and sexual risk behaviors: pooled youth risk behavior surveys. Am J Public Health 2014; 104:1113-23. [PMID: 24825215 PMCID: PMC4061994 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the role of adolescent peer violence victimization (PVV) in sexual orientation disparities in cancer-related tobacco, alcohol, and sexual risk behaviors. METHODS We pooled data from the 2005 and 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. We classified youths with any same-sex sexual attraction, partners, or identity as sexual minority and the remainder as heterosexual. We had 4 indicators of tobacco and alcohol use and 4 of sexual risk and 2 PVV factors: victimization at school and carrying weapons. We stratified associations by gender and race/ethnicity. RESULTS PVV was related to disparities in cancer-related risk behaviors of substance use and sexual risk, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.6) to 11.3 (95% CI = 6.2, 20.8), and to being a sexual minority, with ORs of 1.4 (95% CI = 1.1, 1.9) to 5.6 (95% CI = 3.5, 8.9). PVV mediated sexual orientation disparities in substance use and sexual risk behaviors. Findings were pronounced for adolescent girls and Asian/Pacific Islanders. CONCLUSIONS Interventions are needed to reduce PVV in schools as a way to reduce sexual orientation disparities in cancer risk across the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Rosario
- Margaret Rosario is with the Department of Psychology, City College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY. Heather L. Corliss is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA. Bethany G. Everett is with the Department of Sociology, University of Illinois at Chicago. Stephen T. Russell is with the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson. Francisco O. Buchting is with the Horizons Foundation, CA. Michelle A Birkett is with the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Chen Y, Ma C, Zhang W, Chen Z, Ma L. Down regulation of miR-143 is related with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and HPV16 infection in cervical squamous cancer. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:88. [PMID: 24774218 PMCID: PMC4039059 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study is to investigate the role of miR-143 expression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods The expression level of miR-143 was examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype was detected by HPV genotype detection kit. The expression level of bcl-2 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The positive rate of HPV was 78% in the patients of cervical SCC. The most prevalent genotype was HPV16, with a positive rate of 42%. The expression level of miR-143 was significantly lower in the cervical SCC tissues than that in the normal cervical tissues (Z = −2.180, P = 0.029). Down-regulated miR-143 expression was associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and HPV16 infection in cervical cancer patients. No significant associations were found between the expression levels of miR-143 and age, clinical stage, differentiation or lymph vascular space invasion. And, in cervical SCC patients after treatment with Taxol chemotherapy, the expression level of miR-143 was higher and the positive expression of bcl-2 protein was lower. However, the differences in expression changes of miR-143 and bcl-2 were not statistically significant (miR-143, Z = −0.763, P = 0.446; bcl-2 protein, χ2 = 2.277, P = 0.131). Conclusion Down-regulated miR-143 is related with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and HPV16 infection in cervical SCC, but miR-143 does not participate in the Taxol sensitivity response. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1401279451112150.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cailing Ma
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P,R, China.
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Liu Y, Xu Y, Ji W, Li X, Sun B, Gao Q, Su C. Anti-tumor activities of matrine and oxymatrine: literature review. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5111-9. [PMID: 24526416 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine (MT) and oxymatrine (OMT), two kinds of alkaloid components found in the roots of Sophora species, have various pharmacological activities and are demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-virus, anti-fibrotic, and cardiovascular protective effects. They are recently proved to have anti-cancer potentials, such as inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest, accelerating apoptosis, restraining angiogenesis, inducing cell differentiation, inhibiting cancer metastasis and invasion, reversing multidrug resistance, and preventing or reducing chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-induced toxicity when combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we summarize the recent investigations regarding the anti-cancer activities and possible molecular targets of MT and OMT for cancer prevention and treatment in order to provide clues and references for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Wujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, China
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Ren Y, Wang H, Lu D, Xie X, Chen X, Peng J, Hu Q, Shi G, Liu S. Expression of serum amyloid A in uterine cervical cancer. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:16. [PMID: 24447576 PMCID: PMC3907664 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As an acute-phase protein, serum amyloid A (SAA) is expressed primarily in the liver. However, its expression in extrahepatic tissues, especially in tumor tissues, was also demonstrated recently. In our study, we investigated the expression of SAA in uterine cervical carcinomas, and our results suggested its potential as a serum biomarker. Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to evaluate the SAA gene and protein expression levels in the tissues and sera of patients with non-neoplastic lesions (NNLs), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma (CC). Results Compared with NNLs, the SAA gene (SAA1 and SAA4) expression levels were significantly higher in uterine CC (mean copy numbers: 138.7 vs. 5.01, P < 0.000; and 1.8 vs. 0.079, P = 0.001, respectively) by real-time PCR. IHC revealed cytoplasmic SAA protein staining in tissues from adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. The median serum concentrations (μg/ml) of SAA were 6.02 in patients with NNLs and 10.98 in patients with CIN (P = 0.31). In contrast, the median serum SAA concentration was 23.7 μg/ml in uterine CC patients, which was significantly higher than the SAA concentrations of the NNL group (P = 0.002) and the CIN group (P = 0.024). Conclusions Our data suggested that SAA might be a uterine CC cell product. High SAA concentrations in the serum of CC patients may have a role in monitoring disease occurrence and could have therapeutic applications. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1433263219102962.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gang Shi
- Department of Obstetrics&Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No, 20, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Fujimaki M, Fukumura Y, Mitani K, Kurisaki A, Yokoyama J, Ikeda K, Yao T. Histological subtypes and characteristic structures of HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma: study with Japanese cases. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:211. [PMID: 24354780 PMCID: PMC3878250 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma (HPV-OPC) is clinicopathologically distinct entity from the HPV-unassociated one (nHPV-OPC). This study aimed to determine the relationship between histological subtypes of OPC and HPV status for Japanese cases and to identify histological structures of HPV-OPC. Methods 66 OPC cases were categorized into conventional squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the variants. Conventional SCC was subcategorized into keratinizing (KSCC), non-keratinizing (NKSCC), and hybrid SCC (HSCC). HPV status of all cases was determined using p16-immunohistochemistry and HPV-DNA ISH. Results Two histological subtypes, NKSCC and HSCC, tended to be HPV-OPC and KSCC tended to be nHPV-OPC with statistical significance. Two histological structures, abrupt keratinization, defined in the text, and comedo-necrosis among non-maturing tumor island, were observed for 58.1% and 38.7% of HPV-OPC, and tended to exist for HPV-OPC with statistical significance. Conclusions This study showed the association of NKSCC/HSCC with HPV-OPC in Japanese cases, and two histological structures, abrupt keratinization and comedo-necrosis among non-maturing island, were considered characteristic histological features of HPV-OPC. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:
http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1816432541113073.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Fukumura
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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Viral and cellular biomarkers in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:519619. [PMID: 24383054 PMCID: PMC3872027 DOI: 10.1155/2013/519619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer arises from cells localized in the ectoendocervical squamocolumnar junction of the cervix persistently infected with one of about 13 human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. The majority of HPV infections induces low grade squamous epithelial lesions that in more than 90% of cases spontaneously regress and in about 10% eventually progress to high grade lesions and even less frequently evolve to invasive cancer. Tumor progression is characterized by (1) increased expression of E6 and E7 genes of high risk HPVs, known to bind to and inactivate p53 and pRb oncosuppressors, respectively; (2) integration of viral DNA into host genome, with disruption of E2 viral genes and host chromosomal loci; and (3) molecular alterations of key regulators of cell cycle. Molecular markers with high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating viral infections associated with cellular abnormalities with high risk of progression are strongly needed for cervical cancer screening and triage. This review will focus on the analysis of clinical validated or candidate biomarkers, such as HPV DNA, HPV E6/E7 mRNA, HPV proteins, p16(INK4a) and Ki67, TOP2A and MCM2 cellular factors, and DNA methylation profiles, which will likely improve the identification of premalignant lesions that have a high risk to evolve into invasive cervical cancer.
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Zuo J, Wang DH, Zhang YJ, Liu L, Liu FL, Liu W. Expression and mechanism of PinX1 and telomerase activity in the carcinogenesis of esophageal epithelial cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1823-31. [PMID: 23912465 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal tissues were collected from an esophageal carcinoma high-risk area of China and were used to detect the telomere length and the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) by immuhistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization; esophageal carcinoma tissues, paired-adjacent mucosa and paired normal mucosa were obtained from resected surgical specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in order to determine telomerase activity and expression of hTERT and Pin2/TRF1 interacting protein X1 (PinX1) by telomeric repeat amplification protocol-silver staining, RT-PCR and flow cytometry (FCM). The cell proliferation and apoptosis of Eca109 cells were analyzed by FCM and MTT assay. We found that the length of telomere DNA decreased and hTERT protein expression increased in the carcinogenesis of esophageal epithelial cells; telomerase activity was significantly upregulated followed by a decrease of PinX1 expression in esophageal carcinoma compared with dysplasia and normal patients, which notably correlated with grade and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of PinX1 inhibited cell growth, arrested cells at the G0/G1 stage and induced cell apoptosis in Eca109 cells. In addition, PinX1 overexpression significantly inhibited telomerase activity. In conclusion, the length shortening of telomere was an important characteristic in the carcinogenesis of esophageal epithelial cells, followed by increase of telomerase activity and downregulation of PinX1. Overexpression of PinX1 blocked Eca109 cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by downregulating telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zuo
- Department of Oncology, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050012, P.R. China
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Meguro S, Yasuda M, Shimizu M, Kurosaki A, Fujiwara K. Mesonephric adenocarcinoma with a sarcomatous component, a notable subtype of cervical carcinosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:74. [PMID: 23651629 PMCID: PMC3652771 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix is less common than its counterpart in the uterine corpus. On the other hand, mesonephric adenocarcinoma is also a rare neoplasm in the uterine cervix, and it has been reported that mesonephric adenocarcinomas are often accompanied by sarcomatous components. We present a case of mesonephric adenocarcinoma with a sarcomatous component which arose in a 63-year-old postmenopausal woman. The hysterectomy specimen grossly showed an exophytic mass measuring 1.8 cm in the uterine cervix. Histologically, diffuse mesonephric hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma with malignant spindle cell proliferation was recognized, and therefore the tumor was diagnosed as “mesonephric adenocarcinoma with a sarcomatous component.” The review of the literature of cervical carcinosarcoma and cervical mesonephric adenocarcinoma revealed that 16% of cervical carcinosarcoma is of mesonephric duct origin, and that mesonephric adenocarcinoma seems to be more likely to have sarcomatous change. We think the presence of a sarcomatous component in the cervical biopsy specimen could be helpful in the diagnosis of mesonephric duct origin. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1243996503911062
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Shen SN, Wang LF, Jia YF, Hao YQ, Zhang L, Wang H. Upregulation of microRNA-224 is associated with aggressive progression and poor prognosis in human cervical cancer. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:69. [PMID: 23631806 PMCID: PMC3661379 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Accumulating evidence for differential expression of microRNA-224 (miR-224) in various types of human cancer suggests that it may be play a crucial role in tumor biology. The previous microarray detection also shown that miR-224 was one of miRNAs with significant upregulation in cervical cancer tissues relative to adjacent normal tissues. However, little is known about the function of miR-224 in human cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of miR-224 expression in cervical cancer. Methods MiR-224 expression in 126 pairs of fresh human cervical cancer and adjacent normal tissues was measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay. Results miR-224 expression was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues when compared with corresponding adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.001). It was also significantly higher in the cancerous tissues of patients with advanced FIGO stage cervical cancer than those with early FIGO stage (P = 0.02). In addition, miR-224 was expressed at significantly higher levels in lymph node metastasis-positive patients than in lymph node metastasis-negative patients (P = 0.008). Moreover, we found that lesser differentiated tumors expressed higher miR-224 (P = 0.03). Finally, there were sufficient evidence to confirm its value in the status of vascular invasion (P = 0.01) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (P = 0.02) in cervical cancer. More importantly, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that cervical cancer patients with high miR-224 expression tend to have shorter overall survival. In multivariate analysis stratified for known prognostic variables, miR-224 was identified as an independent prognostic marker. Conclusion Our data indicated that miR-224 upregulation was associated with aggressive progression and poor prognosis in cervical cancer. MiR-224 was identified for the first time as an independent marker for predicting the clinical outcome of cervical cancer patients. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2170449349527493
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-na Shen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou 014010, China.
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Chen Z, Ding J, Pang N, Du R, Meng W, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Ma C, Ding Y. The Th17/Treg balance and the expression of related cytokines in Uygur cervical cancer patients. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:61. [PMID: 23587428 PMCID: PMC3640920 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The fine balance of Th17/Treg is crucial for maintenance of immune homeostasis. The objective of this study was to investigate the balance of Th17/Treg and the expression of related cytokines in Uighur cervical cancer patients. Methods Peripheral blood was collected from 65 cases of cervical cancer patients, 42 cases of cervical CIN patients and 40 healthy people. Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of T cell subsets, including CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Treg cells and Th17 cells. ELISA assay was conducted to detect expression levels of TGF-β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-23 and IFN-γ. Results There were no significant difference in the levels of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ among the cervical cancer group, the CIN group and the healthy control group. However, compared with the healthy control group, the percentages of CD4+ CD25+ Treg, CD4+CD25+CD127- Treg, CD4+IL17+ Th17, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+, CD4+CD25- Foxp3+, CD8+CD25+CD127-Treg and CD8+CD25+Foxp3 were significantly higher in the cervical cancer group and the CIN group. Similar results were also found in the Th17/Treg ratio and the related cytokines. There was no significant difference between the cervical cancer group and the CIN group. Additionally, Th17 cell levels were positively correlated with IL-6, IL-23 and IL-17. Also, Treg cell levels were positively correlated with TGF-β, IL-10 and IL-6. Contrarily, Treg cell levels and IFN-γ were negatively correlated. Conclusions Our data indicated that the Th17/Treg balance was broken in peripheral blood of cervical cancer patients. Analysis of Th17/Treg balance may have a significant implication in diagnosing cervical cancer. Virtual slides The virtual slide for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1813823795931511
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Chen
- Gynecology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang 830054, P R China
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Wang L, Li PF, Geng M, Cao YC, Yin YC. Correlation between chemosensitivity to anticancer drugs and telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA expression in gastric cancer. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:33. [PMID: 23432846 PMCID: PMC3599120 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The determination of sensitive chemotherapy drugs for gastric cancer (GC) is one of the greatest challenges of adjuvant therapy. Here we evaluated the chemosensitivity of GC to anticancer drugs and the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA expression, and investigated the relationship of them. Methods The GC cells which were collected from 68 patients with primary GC were primary cultured. The chemosensitivity of GC cells to anticancer drugs was evaluated successfully using the MTT assay for 60 cases of GC cells, and the hTERT mRNA expression was examined in 60 cases of GC tissues and corresponding normal gastric mucosa and 6 cases of chronic superficial gastritis mucosa by in situ hybridization. Results Taxol, Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil were in general more effective than Adriamycin and Mitomycin for GC cells, and the chemosensitivity to anticancer drugs was associated with tumor histological types and a worse tumor grade. Compared to normal gastric mucosa tissues, hTERT mRNA expression was significantly increased in GC (P<0.05), which was related with a worse differentiation and drug-resistance to 5-Fluorouracil or Adriamycin in GC. Conclusions These data demonstrate for the first time that examinations of hTERT mRNA expression as an important factor could be used to select the chemotherapeutic drugs for GC patients. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1793217009875483
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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