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Pastene-Burgos S, Muñoz-Nuñez E, Quiroz-Carreño S, Pastene-Navarrete E, Espinoza Catalan L, Bustamante L, Alarcón-Enos J. Ceanothanes Derivatives as Peripheric Anionic Site and Catalytic Active Site Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase: Insights for Future Drug Design. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7303. [PMID: 39000410 PMCID: PMC11242892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a key role in the regulation of the cholinergic system and particularly in the formation of amyloid plaques; therefore, the inhibition of AChE has become one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of AD, particularly concerning AChE inhibitors that interact with the peripheral anionic site (PAS). Ceanothic acid isolated from the Chilean Rhamnaceae plants is an inhibitor of AChE through its interaction with PAS. In this study, six ceanothic acid derivatives were prepared, and all showed inhibitory activity against AChE. The structural modifications were performed starting from ceanothic acid by application of simple synthetic routes: esterification, reduction, and oxidation. AChE activity was determined by the Ellmann method for all compounds. Kinetic studies indicated that its inhibition was competitive and reversible. According to the molecular coupling and displacement studies of the propidium iodide test, the inhibitory effect of compounds would be produced by interaction with the PAS of AChE. In silico predictions of physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness, and medicinal chemistry friendliness of the ceanothane derivatives were performed using the Swiss ADME tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Pastene-Burgos
- Grupo de Investigación Química y Biotecnología de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3800708, Chile; (S.P.-B.); (E.M.-N.); (S.Q.-C.); (E.P.-N.)
| | - Evelyn Muñoz-Nuñez
- Grupo de Investigación Química y Biotecnología de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3800708, Chile; (S.P.-B.); (E.M.-N.); (S.Q.-C.); (E.P.-N.)
| | - Soledad Quiroz-Carreño
- Grupo de Investigación Química y Biotecnología de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3800708, Chile; (S.P.-B.); (E.M.-N.); (S.Q.-C.); (E.P.-N.)
| | - Edgar Pastene-Navarrete
- Grupo de Investigación Química y Biotecnología de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3800708, Chile; (S.P.-B.); (E.M.-N.); (S.Q.-C.); (E.P.-N.)
| | - Luis Espinoza Catalan
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Luis Bustamante
- Departamento Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Julio Alarcón-Enos
- Grupo de Investigación Química y Biotecnología de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3800708, Chile; (S.P.-B.); (E.M.-N.); (S.Q.-C.); (E.P.-N.)
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Gao W, She J, Wang M, Li S, Chen X, Zhu R. Argon gas poisoning leading to persistent memory impairment: A 2-year case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38545. [PMID: 38875417 PMCID: PMC11175893 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Argon gas poisoning is an often overlooked yet critical public health concern with the potential for severe and persistent neurological consequences. Current treatment protocols primarily focus on acute-phase management, but a comprehensive understanding of the long-term neurological effects remains incomplete. PATIENT CONCERNS A 22-year-old male worker was found unconscious in the furnace room of an argon production facility. After regaining consciousness, he presented with symptoms of dizziness, headache, fatigue, and irritability. Neurological examination revealed impairments in both recent and remote memory, notably pronounced short-term memory deficits and reduced arithmetic skills. DIAGNOSIS Argon gas poisoning, hypoxic encephalopathy, and mild hepatic and renal dysfunction. INTERVENTIONS Upon admission, symptomatic supportive measures included oxygen therapy via nasal cannula (3 L/min), daily hyperbaric oxygen therapy (1.5 ATA, 60 minutes), oral neurotrophic methylcobalamin (0.5 mg, 3 times daily), and intravenous vitamin C infusion (2 g daily) to scavenge oxygen free radicals. OUTCOME A 2-year telephone follow-up indicated persistent short-term memory impairment, particularly with memorizing numbers. In a memory test, he achieved a digit span forward of 5 but a digit span backward of 2, indicating impairment. Despite these challenges, his daily life and work performance remained largely unaffected. LESSON This case offers valuable insights into the biological mechanisms underlying prolonged neurological sequelae following asphyxiating gas exposure, specifically the persistent impairment of hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingjing She
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jimusaer County People's Hospital, China
| | - Shuixian Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Renjing Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Neurology, Jimusaer County People's Hospital, China
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3
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Mayo P, Pascual J, Crisman E, Domínguez C, López MG, León R. Innovative pathological network-based multitarget approaches for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38678582 DOI: 10.1002/med.22045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is a major health threat globally. Its prevalence is forecasted to exponentially increase during the next 30 years due to the global aging population. Currently, approved drugs are merely symptomatic, being ineffective in delaying or blocking the relentless disease advance. Intensive AD research describes this disease as a highly complex multifactorial disease. Disclosure of novel pathological pathways and their interconnections has had a major impact on medicinal chemistry drug development for AD over the last two decades. The complex network of pathological events involved in the onset of the disease has prompted the development of multitarget drugs. These chemical entities combine pharmacological activities toward two or more drug targets of interest. These multitarget-directed ligands are proposed to modify different nodes in the pathological network aiming to delay or even stop disease progression. Here, we review the multitarget drug development strategy for AD during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Mayo
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Crisman
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Loganathan C, Ameen F, Sakayanathan P, Amirul Islam M, Thayumanavan P. Exploring the interaction of phytochemicals from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers with glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase: An integrated in vitro and in silico approach. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 108:107996. [PMID: 38061170 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Targeting multiple factors such as oxidative stress, alpha glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are considered advantageous for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes associated-cognitive dysfunction. In the present study, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers anthocyanin-rich extract (HRA) was prepared. Phytochemical analysis of HRA using LC-ESI/MS/MS revealed the presence of various phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins. HRA showed in vitro antioxidant activity at low concentrations. HRA inhibited all the activities of mammalian glucosidases and AChE activity. The IC50 value of HRA for the inhibition of maltase, sucrase, isomaltase, glucoamylase and AChE was found to be 308.02 ± 34.25 µg/ml, 287.8 ± 19.49 µg/ml, 424.58 ± 34.75 µg/ml, 408.94 ± 64.82 µg/ml and 264.13 ± 30.84 µg/ml, respectively. Kinetic analysis revealed mixed-type inhibition against all the activities except for glucoamylase (competitive) activity. In silico analysis confirmed the interaction of two active constituents cyanidin 3-sophoroside (CS) and quercetin 3-O-sophoroside (QS) with four subunits, n-terminal and c-terminal subunits of human maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase as well as with AChE. Molecular dynamics simulation, binding free energy calculation, DCCM, PCA, PCA-based free energy surface analysis ascertained the stable binding of CS and QS with target proteins studied. HRA could be used as complementary therapy for diabetes and cognitive improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Loganathan
- Bioinnov Solutions LLP, Research and Development Center, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636002, India; Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Penislusshiyan Sakayanathan
- Bioinnov Solutions LLP, Research and Development Center, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636002, India; Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636011, India
| | - M Amirul Islam
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada B1M 1A2
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Arora R, Babbar R, Dabra A, Chopra B, Deswal G, Grewal AS. Marine-derived Compounds: A Powerful Platform for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:166-181. [PMID: 38305396 DOI: 10.2174/0118715249269050231129103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating form of dementia that primarily affects cholinergic neurons in the brain, significantly reducing an individual's capacity for learning and creative skills and ultimately resulting in an inability to carry out even basic daily tasks. As the elderly population is exponentially increasing, the disease has become a significant concern for society. Therefore, neuroprotective substances have garnered considerable interest in addressing this universal issue. Studies have shown that oxidative damage to neurons contributes to the pathophysiological processes underlying AD progression. In AD, tau phosphorylation and glutamate excitotoxicity may play essential roles, but no permanent cure for AD is available. The existing therapies only manage the early symptoms of AD and often come with numerous side effects and toxicities. To address these challenges, researchers have turned to nature and explored various sources such as plants, animals, and marine organisms. Many historic holy books from different cultures emphasize that adding marine compounds to the regular diet enhances brain function and mitigates its decline. Consequently, researchers have devoted significant time to identifying potentially active neuroprotective substances from marine sources. Marine-derived compounds are gaining recognition due to their abundant supply of diverse chemical compounds with biological and pharmacological potential and unique mechanisms of action. Several studies have reported that plants exhibit multitarget potential in treating AD. In light of this, the current study focuses on marine-derived components with excellent potential for treating this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Ritchu Babbar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Abhishek Dabra
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Bhawna Chopra
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Geeta Deswal
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
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Zueva IV, Vasilieva EA, Gaynanova GA, Moiseenko AV, Burtseva AD, Boyko KM, Zakharova LY, Petrov KA. Can Activation of Acetylcholinesterase by β-Amyloid Peptide Decrease the Effectiveness of Cholinesterase Inhibitors? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16395. [PMID: 38003588 PMCID: PMC10671303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A central event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of senile plaques composed of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. The main class of drugs currently used for the treatment of AD are the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors. In this study, it has been shown that Aβ augmented AChE activity in vitro, maximum activation of 548 ± 5% was achieved following 48 h of incubation with 10 μM of Aβ1-40, leading to a 7.7-fold increase in catalytic efficiency. The observed non-competitive type of AChE activation by Aβ1-40 was associated with increased Vmax and unchanged Km. Although BChE activity also increased following incubation with Aβ1-40, this was less efficiently achieved as compared with AChE. Ex vivo electrophysiological experiments showed that 10 μM of Aβ1-40 significantly decreased the effect of the AChE inhibitor huperzine A on the synaptic potential parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Zueva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Elmira A. Vasilieva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Gulnara A. Gaynanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Andrey V. Moiseenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna D. Burtseva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.D.B.); (K.M.B.)
- Landau Phystech School of Physics and Research, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin M. Boyko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.D.B.); (K.M.B.)
| | - Lucia Ya. Zakharova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Konstantin A. Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (L.Y.Z.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia
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7
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Aljabri M, Alharbi K, Alonazi M. In vitro and in silico analysis of Solanum torvum fruit and methyl caffeate interaction with cholinesterases. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103815. [PMID: 37811479 PMCID: PMC10558794 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress along with dysfunction in cholinergic neurotransmission primarily underlies cognitive impairment. A significant approach to mitigate cognitive dysfunction involves the inhibition of cholinesterases, namely acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Exploring the potential antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of edible plants holds promise for their utilization as botanicals to enhance cognition. Solanum torvum fruit with vast biological properties are used as food. In the present study, butanolic extract of S. torvum fruits (BESTF) was prepared. Additionally, the study investigated into the properties of methyl caffeate (MC), a compound present in S. torvum, obtained in its pure form. In vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterases activity of BESTF and MC were determined. BESTF and MC showed potent antioxidant property. BESTF and MC dose-dependently inhibited AChE (IC50 values: 166.6 µg/ml and 680.6 µM, respectively) and BChE (IC50 values: 161.55 µg/ml and 413 µM, respectively). BESTF and MC inhibited AChE and BChE in competitive mode. Active site gorge of AChE/BChE was occupied by MC which formed interaction with amino acids present in catalytic site and PAS in in silico. Further, molecular dynamics simulations followed by free energy calculation, principal component analysis and dynamic cross-correlation matrix provided the compelling evidence that that MC maintained stable interactions during MD simulation with AChE and BChE. Collectively, the results from the present study underlines the cognitive-enhancing effect of BESTF and MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Aljabri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadiga Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alonazi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Fronza MG, Alves D, Praticò D, Savegnago L. The neurobiology and therapeutic potential of multi-targeting β-secretase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β and acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102033. [PMID: 37595640 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting almost 50 million of people around the world, characterized by a complex and age-related progressive pathology with projections to duplicate its incidence by the end of 2050. AD pathology has two major hallmarks, the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation, alongside with several sub pathologies including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, loss of neurogenesis and synaptic dysfunction. In recent years, extensive research pointed out several therapeutic targets which have shown promising effects on modifying the course of the disease in preclinical models of AD but with substantial failure when transposed to clinic trials, suggesting that modulating just an isolated feature of the pathology might not be sufficient to improve brain function and enhance cognition. In line with this, there is a growing consensus that an ideal disease modifying drug should address more than one feature of the pathology. Considering these evidence, β-secretase (BACE1), Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has emerged as interesting therapeutic targets. BACE1 is the rate-limiting step in the Aβ production, GSK-3β is considered the main kinase responsible for Tau hyperphosphorylation, and AChE play an important role in modulating memory formation and learning. However, the effects underlying the modulation of these enzymes are not limited by its primarily functions, showing interesting effects in a wide range of impaired events secondary to AD pathology. In this sense, this review will summarize the involvement of BACE1, GSK-3β and AChE on synaptic function, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, we will present and discuss new perspectives on the modulation of these pathways on AD pathology and future directions on the development of drugs that concomitantly target these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Fronza
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN) - Centre for Technology Development CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), UFPel, RS, Brazil
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple - ACT, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN) - Centre for Technology Development CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Abdullaha M, Banoo R, Nuthakki VK, Sharma M, Kaur S, Thakur S, Kumar A, Jadhav HR, Bharate SB. Methoxy-naphthyl-Linked N-Benzyl Pyridinium Styryls as Dual Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Structure-Activity Relationship. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17591-17608. [PMID: 37251153 PMCID: PMC10210183 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The multifaceted nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) indicates the need for multitargeted agents as potential therapeutics. Both cholinesterases (ChEs), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), play a vital role in disease progression. Thus, inhibiting both ChEs is more beneficial than only one for effectively managing AD. The present study provides a detailed lead optimization of the e-pharmacophore-generated pyridinium styryl scaffold to discover a dual ChE inhibitor. A structure-activity relationship analysis indicated the importance of three structural fragments, methoxy-naphthyl, vinyl-pyridinium, and substituted-benzyl, in a dual ChE inhibitor pharmacophore. The optimized 6-methoxy-naphthyl derivative, 7av (SB-1436), inhibits EeAChE and eqBChE with IC50 values of 176 and 370 nM, respectively. The kinetic study has shown that 7av inhibits AChE and BChE in a non-competitive manner with ki values of 46 and 115 nM, respectively. The docking and molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that 7av binds with the catalytic and peripheral anionic sites of AChE and BChE. Compound 7av also significantly stops the self-aggregation of Aβ. The data presented herein indicate the potential of 7av for further investigation in preclinical models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Abdullaha
- Natural
Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Razia Banoo
- Natural
Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vijay K. Nuthakki
- Natural
Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Natural
Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sukhleen Kaur
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Shikha Thakur
- Department
of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology
and Sciences Pilani, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Hemant R. Jadhav
- Department
of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology
and Sciences Pilani, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandip B. Bharate
- Natural
Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Jeyakumar M, Sathya S, Gandhi S, Tharra P, Aarthy M, Balan DJ, Kiruthiga C, Baire B, Singh SK, Devi KP. α-bisabolol β-D-fucopyranoside inhibits β-amyloid (Aβ)25–35 induced oxidative stress in Neuro-2a cells via antioxidant approaches. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Go MJ, Kim JM, Kang JY, Park SK, Lee CJ, Kim MJ, Lee HR, Kim TY, Joo SG, Kim DO, Heo HJ. Korean Red Pine ( Pinus densiflora) Bark Extract Attenuates Aβ-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Regulating Cholinergic Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1154-1167. [PMID: 36039041 PMCID: PMC9628973 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-amnesic effect of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) bark extract (KRPBE) against amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ1-42)-induced neurotoxicity. We found that treatment with KRPBE improved the behavioral function in Aβ-induced mice, and also boosted the antioxidant system in mice by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and reducing glutathione (GSH) levels. In addition, KRPBE improved the cholinergic system by suppressing reduced acetylcholine (ACh) content while also activating acetylcholinesterase (AChE), regulating the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), and synaptophysin. KRPBE also showed an ameliorating effect on cerebral mitochondrial deficit by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP levels. Moreover, KRPBE modulated the expression levels of neurotoxicity indicators Aβ and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, p-IκB-α, and IL-1β. Furthermore, we found that KRPBE improved the expression levels of neuronal apoptosis-related markers BAX and BCl-2 and increased the expression levels of BDNF and p-CREB. Therefore, this study suggests that KRPBE treatment has an anti-amnestic effect by modulating cholinergic system dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Aβ1-42-induced cognitive impairment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Go
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Advanced Process Technology and Fermentation Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Kyeong Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Rim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gyum Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-55-772-1907 Fax: +82-55-772-1909 E-mail:
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12
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Chen Y, Qin Q, Zhao W, Luo D, Huang Y, Liu G, Kuang Y, Cao Y, Chen Y. Carnosol Reduced Pathogenic Protein Aggregation and Cognitive Impairment in Neurodegenerative Diseases Models via Improving Proteostasis and Ameliorating Mitochondrial Disorders. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10490-10505. [PMID: 35973126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease are incurable diseases with progressive loss of neural function and require urgent development of effective treatments. Carnosol (CL) reportedly has a pharmacological effect in the prevention of dementia. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of CL's neuroprotection are not entirely clear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of CL-mediated neuroprotection through Caenorhabditis elegans models. First, CL restored ND protein homeostasis via inhibiting the IIS pathway, regulating MAPK signaling, and simultaneously activating molecular chaperone, thus inhibiting amyloid peptide (Aβ), polyglutamine (polyQ), and α-synuclein (α-syn) deposition and reducing protein disruption-mediated behavioral and cognitive impairments as well as neuronal damages. Furthermore, CL could repair mitochondrial structural damage via improving the mitochondrial membrane protein function and mitochondrial structural homeostasis and improve mitochondrial functional defects via increasing adenosine triphosphate contents, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species levels, suggesting that CL could improve the ubiquitous mitochondrial defects in NDs. More importantly, we found that CL activated mitochondrial kinetic homeostasis related genes to improve the mitochondrial homeostasis and dysfunction in NDs. Meanwhile, CL up-regulated unc-17, cho-1, and cha-1 genes to alleviate Aβ-mediated cholinergic neurological disorders and activated Notch signaling and the Wnt pathway to diminish polyQ- and α-syn-induced ASH neurons as well as dopaminergic neuron damages. Overall, our study clarified the beneficial anti-ND neuroprotective effects of CL in different aspects and provided new insights into developing CL into products with preventive and therapeutic effects on NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Danxia Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Yingyin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
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13
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Novel Cyclopentaquinoline and Acridine Analogs as Multifunctional, Potent Drug Candidates in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115876. [PMID: 35682556 PMCID: PMC9179981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of new cyclopentaquinoline derivatives with 9-acridinecarboxylic acid and a different alkyl chain length were synthesized, and their ability to inhibit cholinesterases was evaluated. All designed compounds, except derivative 3f, exhibited a selectivity for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) with IC50 values ranging from 103 to 539 nM. The 3b derivative revealed the highest inhibitory activity towards BuChE (IC50 = 103.73 nM) and a suitable activity against AChE (IC50 = 272.33 nM). The 3f derivative was the most active compound to AChE (IC50 = 113.34 nM) with satisfactory activity towards BuChE (IC50 = 203.52 nM). The potential hepatotoxic effect was evaluated for both 3b and 3f compounds. The 3b and 3f potential antioxidant activity was measured using the ORAC-FL method. The 3b and 3f derivatives revealed a significantly higher antioxidant potency, respectively 35 and 25 higher than tacrine. Theoretical, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties were calculated using ACD Labs Percepta software. Molecular modeling and kinetic study were used to reveal the mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in the most potent compounds: 3b and 3f.
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14
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Qin Q, Zhang Y, Xie L, Xiao J, Cao Y, Su Z, Chen Y. Carnosic acid ameliorated Aβ-mediated (amyloid-β peptide) toxicity, cholinergic dysfunction and mitochondrial defect in Caenorhabditis elegans of Alzheimer's Model. Food Funct 2022; 13:4624-4640. [PMID: 35357374 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02965g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ)-induced cholinergic system and mitochondrial dysfunction are major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous studies found that carnosic acid (CA), an important polyphenol antioxidant, could significantly delay Aβ1-42-mediated acute paralysis. However, many details and underlying mechanisms of CA's neuroprotection against Aβ-induced cholinergic system defects and mitochondrial dysfunction remain unclear. Herein, we deeply investigated the effects and the possible mechanisms of CA-mediated protection against Aβ toxicity in vivo through several AD Caenorhabditis elegans strains. The results showed CA delayed age-related paralysis and Aβ deposition, and significantly protected neurons from Aβ-induced toxicity. CA might downgrade the expression of ace-1 and ace-2 genes, and upregulate cha-1 and unc-17 genes to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity and relieve Aβ-caused cholinergic system defects. Furthermore, CA might also ameliorate Aβ-induced mitochondrial imbalance and oxidative stress through up-regulating the expression of phb-1, phb-2, eat-3, and drp-1 genes. The enhancements of the cholinergic system and mitochondrial function might be the reasons for the amelioration of Aβ-mediated toxicity and Aβ aggregation mediated by CA. These findings have helped us to understand the CA anti-Aβ activity in C. elegans and the potential mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuanxian Su
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
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15
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Moreira NCDS, Lima JEBDF, Marchiori MF, Carvalho I, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Neuroprotective Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Current Scenario in Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease and Future Perspectives. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:177-193. [PMID: 35591949 PMCID: PMC9108627 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease conceptualized as a continuous process, ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), to the mild, moderate, and severe clinical stages of AD dementia. AD is considered a complex multifactorial disease. Currently, the use of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI), such as tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, has been the main treatment for AD patients. Interestingly, there is evidence that ChEI also promotes neuroprotective effects, bringing some benefits to AD patients. The mechanisms by which the ChEI act have been investigated in AD. ChEI can modulate the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is an important signaling cascade that is capable of causing a significant functional impact on neurons by activating cell survival pathways to promote neuroprotective effects. However, there is still a huge challenge in the field of neuroprotection, but in the context of unravelling the details of the PI3K/AKT pathway, a new scenario has emerged for the development of more efficient drugs that act on multiple protein targets. Thus, the mechanisms by which ChEI can promote neuroprotective effects and prospects for the development of new drug candidates for the treatment of AD are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Fiori Marchiori
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivone Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elza Tiemi Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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16
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Huperzine A and Its Neuroprotective Molecular Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216531. [PMID: 34770940 PMCID: PMC8587556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Huperzine A (HupA), an alkaloid found in the club moss Huperzia serrata, has been used for centuries in Chinese folk medicine to treat dementia. The effects of this alkaloid have been attributed to its ability to inhibit the cholinergic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acting as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI). The biological functions of HupA have been studied both in vitro and in vivo, and its role in neuroprotection appears to be a good therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Here, we summarize the neuroprotective effects of HupA on AD, with an emphasis on its interactions with different molecular signaling avenues, such as the Wnt signaling, the pre- and post-synaptic region mechanisms (synaptotagmin, neuroligins), the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation, and mitochondrial protection. Our goal is to provide an integrated overview of the molecular mechanisms through which HupA affects AD.
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17
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Han HJ, Park SK, Kang JY, Kim JM, Yoo SK, Kim DO, Kim GH, Heo HJ. Mixture of Phlorotannin and Fucoidan from Ecklonia cava Prevents the Aβ-Induced Cognitive Decline with Mitochondrial and Cholinergic Activation. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:434. [PMID: 34436273 PMCID: PMC8400198 DOI: 10.3390/md19080434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-amnesic effect of a mixture (4:6 = phlorotannin:fucoidan from Ecklonia cava, P4F6) was evaluated on amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ)-induced cognitive deficit mice. The cognitive function was examined by Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests, and the intake of the mixture (P4F6) showed an ameliorating effect on Aβ-induced learning and memory impairment. After the behavioral tests, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) contents were confirmed in brain tissue, and in the results, the mixture (P4F6) attenuated Aβ-induced oxidative stress. In addition, mitochondrial activity was evaluated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway, and the mixture (P4F6) enhanced mitochondrial function. Furthermore, the mixture (P4F6) effectively regulated tau hyperphosphorylation by regulating the protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, and promoted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain tissue. Moreover, in the cholinergic system, the mixture (P4F6) ameliorated acetylcholine (ACh) content by regulating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression in brain tissue. Based on these results, we suggest that this mixture of phlorotannin and fucoidan (P4F6) might be a substance for improving cognitive function by effectively regulating cognition-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ju Han
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.J.H.); (S.K.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (S.K.Y.)
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39660, Korea
| | - Seon Kyeong Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.J.H.); (S.K.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (S.K.Y.)
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.J.H.); (S.K.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.J.H.); (S.K.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Seul Ki Yoo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.J.H.); (S.K.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea;
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.J.H.); (S.K.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (S.K.Y.)
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18
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Cash MK, Rockwood K, Fisk JD, Darvesh S. Clinicopathological correlations and cholinesterase expression in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease with the presenilin 1 mutation, Leu235Pro. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 103:31-41. [PMID: 33789210 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SpAD), acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, co-regulators of acetylcholine, are associated with β-amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in patterns suggesting a contribution to neurotoxicity. This association has not been explored in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). We investigated whether cholinesterases are observed in the neuropathological hallmarks in FAD expressing the presenilin 1 Leu235Pro mutation. Brain tissues from three FAD cases and one early-onset SpAD case were stained and analyzed for β-amyloid, tau, α-synuclein, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. AD pathology was prominent throughout the rostrocaudal extent of all 4 brains but α-synuclein-positive neurites were present in only one familial case. In FAD and SpAD cases, cholinergic activity was associated with plaques and tangles but not with α-synuclein pathology. Both cholinesterases showed similar or decreased plaque staining than detected with β-amyloid immunostaining but greater plaque deposition than observed with thioflavin-S histofluorescence. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase are highly associated with AD pathology in inherited disease and both may represent specific diagnostic and therapeutic targets for all AD forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan K Cash
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - John D Fisk
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sultan Darvesh
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Medicine (Neurology), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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19
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Castro-Silva ES, Bello M, Rosales-Hernández MC, Correa-Basurto J, Hernández-Rodríguez M, Villalobos-Acosta D, Méndez-Méndez JV, Estrada-Pérez A, Murillo-Álvarez J, Muñoz-Ochoa M. Fucosterol from Sargassum horridum as an amyloid-beta (Aβ 1-42) aggregation inhibitor: in vitro and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 39:1271-1283. [PMID: 32159448 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1729863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases each year, and there are currently few treatment strategies to decrease the symptoms of AD; furthermore, these strategies are not sufficient to reduce memory loss in AD patients. In this work, in vitro and in silico studies were performed to evaluate the effects of fucosterol, which was extracted from an algal source and characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectra (LC-MS), as an inhibitor of Aβ1-42 aggregation. Experimental studies, including protein gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy and fluorescence studies with thioflavin T (ThT), highlighted that fucosterol can decrease oligomer formation more than galantamine, which was used as a positive control. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations coupled with an MMGBSA approach showed that fucosterol is capable of recognizing the hydrophobic regions of monomeric Aβ1-42, suggesting that fucosterol could affect amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) aggregation by preventing the formation of oligomers, preventing the development of AD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sthephanie Castro-Silva
- Laboratorio de Química de Macroalgas, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico, La Paz, B.C.S. México
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maricarmen Hernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Villalobos-Acosta
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Vicente Méndez-Méndez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alan Estrada-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jesus Murillo-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química de Macroalgas, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico, La Paz, B.C.S. México
| | - Mauricio Muñoz-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Química de Macroalgas, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico, La Paz, B.C.S. México
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20
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Nepovimova E, Svobodova L, Dolezal R, Hepnarova V, Junova L, Jun D, Korabecny J, Kucera T, Gazova Z, Motykova K, Kubackova J, Bednarikova Z, Janockova J, Jesus C, Cortes L, Pina J, Rostohar D, Serpa C, Soukup O, Aitken L, Hughes RE, Musilek K, Muckova L, Jost P, Chvojkova M, Vales K, Valis M, Chrienova Z, Chalupova K, Kuca K. Tacrine - Benzothiazoles: Novel class of potential multitarget anti-Alzheimeŕs drugs dealing with cholinergic, amyloid and mitochondrial systems. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104596. [PMID: 33421953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of tacrine - benzothiazole hybrids incorporate inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation and mitochondrial enzyme ABAD, whose interaction with Aβ leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, into a single molecule. In vitro, several of 25 final compounds exerted excellent anti-AChE properties and interesting capabilities to block Aβ aggregation. The best derivative of the series could be considered 10w that was found to be highly potent and selective towards AChE with the IC50 value in nanomolar range. Moreover, the same drug candidate exerted absolutely the best results of the series against ABAD, decreasing its activity by 23% at 100 µM concentration. Regarding the cytotoxicity profile of highlighted compound, it roughly matched that of its parent compound - 6-chlorotacrine. Finally, 10w was forwarded for in vivo scopolamine-induced amnesia experiment consisting of Morris Water Maze test, where it demonstrated mild procognitive effect. Taking into account all in vitro and in vivo data, highlighted derivative 10w could be considered as the lead structure worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Svobodova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hepnarova
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Junova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Gazova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Motykova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Kubackova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Bednarikova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Janockova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Catarina Jesus
- Centro de Quimica de Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3044-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luisa Cortes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joao Pina
- Centro de Quimica de Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3044-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Danijela Rostohar
- HiLASE Centre, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Radnici 828, 252 41 Dolni Brezany, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Serpa
- Centro de Quimica de Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3044-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Aitken
- School of Biology, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E Hughes
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jost
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Chvojkova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vales
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870/13, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Chalupova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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21
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Multifaceted targeting of neurodegeneration with bioactive molecules of saffron (Crocus sativus): An insilco evidence-based hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:109872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Kumar V, De P, Ojha PK, Saha A, Roy K. A Multi-layered Variable Selection Strategy for QSAR Modeling of Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1601-1627. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200616142753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurological disorder, is the most common cause
of senile dementia. Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzyme plays a vital role in regulating the brain acetylcholine
(ACh) neurotransmitter, but in the case of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), BuChE activity gradually
increases in patients with a decrease in the acetylcholine (ACh) concentration via hydrolysis. ACh
plays an essential role in regulating learning and memory as the cortex originates from the basal forebrain,
and thus, is involved in memory consolidation in these sites.
Methods:
In this work, we have developed a partial least squares (PLS)-regression based two dimensional
quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D-QSAR) model using 1130 diverse chemical classes
of compounds with defined activity against the BuChE enzyme. Keeping in mind the strict Organization
for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines, we have tried to select significant
descriptors from the large initial pool of descriptors using multi-layered variable selection strategy using
stepwise regression followed by genetic algorithm (GA) followed by again stepwise regression technique
and at the end best subset selection prior to development of final model thus reducing noise in the
input. Partial least squares (PLS) regression technique was employed for the development of the final
model while model validation was performed using various stringent validation criteria.
Results:
The results obtained from the QSAR model suggested that the quality of the model is acceptable
in terms of both internal (R2= 0.664, Q2= 0.650) and external (R2
Pred= 0.657) validation parameters.
The QSAR studies were analyzed, and the structural features (hydrophobic, ring aromatic and hydrogen
bond acceptor/donor) responsible for enhancement of the activity were identified. The developed model
further suggests that the presence of hydrophobic features like long carbon chain would increase the
BuChE inhibitory activity and presence of amino group and hydrazine fragment promoting the hydrogen
bond interactions would be important for increasing the inhibitory activity against BuChE enzyme.
Conclusion:
Furthermore, molecular docking studies have been carried out to understand the molecular
interactions between the ligand and receptor, and the results are then correlated with the structural features
obtained from the QSAR models. The information obtained from the QSAR models are well corroborated
with the results of the docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Priyanka De
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Probir Kumar Ojha
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Jończyk J, Godyń J, Stawarska E, Morak-Młodawska B, Jeleń M, Pluta K, Malawska B. Dual Action of Dipyridothiazine and Quinobenzothiazine Derivatives-Anticancer and Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112604. [PMID: 32503288 PMCID: PMC7321178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inverse correlation observed between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cancer has prompted us to look for cholinesterase-inhibiting activity in phenothiazine derivatives that possess anticancer properties. With the use of in silico and in vitro screening methods, our study found a new biological activity in anticancer polycyclic, tricyclic, and tetracyclic compounds. The virtual screening of a library of 120 ligands, which are the derivatives of azaphenothiazine, led to the identification of 25 compounds that can act as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Biological assays revealed the presence of selective inhibitors of eeAChE (electric eel AChE) or eqBuChE (equine serum BuChE) and nonselective inhibitors of both enzymes among the tested compounds. Their potencies against eeAChE were in a submicromolar-to-micromolar range with IC50 values from 0.78 to 19.32 μM, while their IC50 values against eqBuChE ranged from 0.46 to 10.38 μM. The most potent among the compounds tested was the tetracyclic derivative, 6-(4-diethylaminobut-2-ynyl)-9-methylthioquinobenzothiazine 24, which was capable of inhibiting both enzymes. 9-Fluoro-6-(1-piperidylethyl)quinobenzothiazine 23 was found to act as a selective inhibitor of eqBuChE with an IC50 value of 0.46 μM. Compounds with such a dual antitumor and cholinesterase-inhibitory activity can be considered as a valuable combination for the treatment of both cancer and AD prevention. The results presented in this study might open new directions of research on the group of tricyclic phenothiazine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jończyk
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (J.J.); (J.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (J.J.); (J.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Ewelina Stawarska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (J.J.); (J.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Beata Morak-Młodawska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, The Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (B.M.-M.); (M.J.); (K.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Jeleń
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, The Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (B.M.-M.); (M.J.); (K.P.)
| | - Krystian Pluta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, The Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (B.M.-M.); (M.J.); (K.P.)
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (J.J.); (J.G.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-62-05-464
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24
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Majdi A, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Rahigh Aghsan S, Farajdokht F, Vatandoust SM, Namvaran A, Mahmoudi J. Amyloid-β, tau, and the cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease: seeking direction in a tangle of clues. Rev Neurosci 2020; 31:391-413. [PMID: 32017704 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The link between histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), i.e. amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles, and AD-associated cognitive impairment, has long been established. However, the introduction of interactions between amyloid-beta (Aβ) as well as hyperphosphorylated tau, and the cholinergic system to the territory of descriptive neuropathology has drastically changed this field by adding the theory of synaptic neurotransmission to the toxic pas de deux in AD. Accumulating data show that a multitarget approach involving all amyloid, tau, and cholinergic hypotheses could better explain the evolution of events happening in AD. Various species of both Aβ and tau could be traced in cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain system early in the course of the disease. These molecules induce degeneration in the neurons of this system. Reciprocally, aberrant cholinergic system modulation promotes changes in amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism and tau phosphorylation, resulting in neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. Altogether, these changes may better correlate with the clinical findings and cognitive impairment detected in AD patients. Failure of several of Aβ- and tau-related therapies further highlights the need for special attention to molecules that target all of these mentioned pathologic changes. Another noteworthy fact here is that none of the popular hypotheses of AD such as amyloidopathy or tauopathy seem to be responsible for the changes observed in AD alone. Thus, the main culprit should be sought higher in the stream somewhere in APP metabolism or Wnt signaling in the cholinergic system of the basal forebrain. Future studies should target these pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Sepideh Rahigh Aghsan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Vatandoust
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Ali Namvaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
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25
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Biological and Computational Studies for Dual Cholinesterases Inhibitory Effect of Zerumbone. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051215. [PMID: 32344943 PMCID: PMC7281973 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) mediate the degradation of acetylcholine (ACh), a primary neurotransmitter in the brain. Cholinergic deficiency occurs during the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), resulting in widespread cognitive dysfunction and decline. We evaluated the potential effect of a natural cholinesterase inhibitor, zerumbone, using in vitro target enzyme assays, as well as in silico docking and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) simulation. Zerumbone showed a predominant cholinesterase inhibitory property with IC50 values of 2.74 ± 0.48 µM and 4.12 ± 0.42 µM for AChE and BChE, respectively; however, the modes of inhibition were different. Computational docking simulation indicated that Van der Waals interactions between zerumbone and both the cholinesterases were the main forces responsible for its inhibitory effects. Furthermore, zerumbone showed the best physicochemical properties for both bioavailability and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Together, in the present study, zerumbone was clearly identified as a unique dual AChE and BChE inhibitor with high permeability across the BBB, suggesting a strong potential for its physiological benefits and/or pharmacological efficacy in the prevention of AD.
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26
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Li Y, Liu Z, Wang D, Gao H, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Luo Q, Jiang S, Zhang J, Yang X. Ucf-101 protects in vivoandin vitro models of PD against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 71:217-225. [PMID: 31883812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of α-syn which induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mediate various signaling pathways involved in DA neuronal degeneration, and the apoptosis of dopamine (DA) neurons are pathological markers of Parkinson's disease (PD). High-temperature requirement protein A2 (HtrA2) is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the expression level of HtrA2 can be upregulated by drugs or by unfolded proteins. Ucf-101 is a specific inhibitor of HtrA2, and studies have shown that Ucf-101 reduced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Our study showed that PC12 cells treated with 60 μM 6-OHDA for 24 h had significantly decreased cell viability compared to that of controls. A low concentration (2.5 μM) of Ucf-101 decreased the apoptosis rate of the PD cell model, but a high concentration (≥10 μM) increased the apoptosis rate, compared to that of controls. 6-OHDA upregulated the expression of HtrA2, α-syn, CHOP, Grp78 and active caspase-3 and reduced the levels of TH and XIAP. Ucf-101 reduced the level of ERS and apoptosis bothin vivoandin vitro. The ratio of p-GSK3β (Tyr216 to Ser9) increased in PD rats. However, Ucf-101 down-regulated the activation of GSK3β and activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway that was caused by 6-OHDA. Ucf-101 activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and significantly attenuated 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity, which was related to the inhibition of ERS and the reduction of the apoptosis rate of PC12 cells and DA neurons in the midbrain of PD rats. Ucf-101 has certain neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Neurology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhengquan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical, University, Xinshi District, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of VIP, the first Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, Urumqi, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of VIP, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, Urumqi, China
| | - Sen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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27
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Cisternas P, Zolezzi JM, Lindsay C, Rivera DS, Martinez A, Bozinovic F, Inestrosa NC. New Insights into the Spontaneous Human Alzheimer's Disease-Like Model Octodon degus: Unraveling Amyloid-β Peptide Aggregation and Age-Related Amyloid Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1145-1163. [PMID: 30412496 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Despite advances in our understanding of the molecular milieu driving AD pathophysiology, no effective therapy is currently available. Moreover, various clinical trials have continued to fail, suggesting that our approach to AD must be revised. Accordingly, the development and validation of new models are highly desirable. Over the last decade, we have been working with Octodon degus (degu), a Chilean rodent, which spontaneously develops AD-like neuropathology, including increased amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates, tau hyperphosphorylation, and postsynaptic dysfunction. However, for proper validation of degu as an AD model, the aggregation properties of its Aβ peptide must be analyzed. Thus, in this study, we examined the capacity of the degu Aβ peptide to aggregate in vitro. Then, we analyzed the age-dependent variation in soluble Aβ levels in the hippocampus and cortex of third- to fifth-generation captive-born degu. We also assessed the appearance and spatial distribution of amyloid plaques in O. degus and compared them with the plaques in two AD transgenic mouse models. In agreement with our previous studies, degu Aβ was able to aggregate, forming fibrillar species in vitro. Furthermore, amyloid plaques appeared in the anterior brain structures of O. degus at approximately 32 months of age and in the whole brain at 56 months, along with concomitant increases in Aβ levels and the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, indicating that O. degus spontaneously develops AD-like pathology earlier than other spontaneous models. Based on these results, we can confirm that O. degus constitutes a valuable model to improve AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cisternas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan M Zolezzi
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Lindsay
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela S Rivera
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Ecología Aplicada y Sustentabilidad (CAPES), Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Martinez
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Bozinovic
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada y Sustentabilidad (CAPES), Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro UC-Síndrome de Down, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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28
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In vitro and in silico analysis of novel astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine as an inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase and various globular forms of acetylcholinesterases. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:1147-1157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Patel DV, Patel NR, Kanhed AM, Patel SP, Sinha A, Kansara DD, Mecwan AR, Patel SB, Upadhyay PN, Patel KB, Shah DB, Prajapati NK, Murumkar PR, Patel KV, Yadav MR. Novel Multitarget Directed Triazinoindole Derivatives as Anti-Alzheimer Agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3635-3661. [PMID: 31310717 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) demands treatment with multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) to confront the key pathological aberrations. A novel series of triazinoindole derivatives were designed and synthesized. In vitro studies revealed that all the compounds showed moderate to good anticholinesterase activity; the most active compound 23e showed an IC50 value of 0.56 ± 0.02 μM for AChE and an IC50 value of 1.17 ± 0.09 μM for BuChE. These derivatives are also endowed with potent antioxidant activity. To understand the plausible binding mode of the compound 23e, molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed, and the results indicated significant interactions of 23e within the active sites of AChE as well as BuChE. Compound 23e successfully diminished H2O2-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and displayed excellent neuroprotective activity against H2O2 as well as Aβ-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, it did not show any significant toxicity in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells in the cytotoxicity assay. Compound 23e did not show any acute toxicity in rats at doses up to 2000 mg/kg, and it significantly reversed scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice model. Additionally, compound 23e showed notable in silico ADMET properties. Taken collectively, these findings project compound 23e as a potential balanced MTDL in the evolution process of novel anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant V. Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
| | - Nirav R. Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish M. Kanhed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
| | - Sagar P. Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
| | - Anshuman Sinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
| | - Deep D. Kansara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
| | - Annie R. Mecwan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
| | - Sarvangee B. Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
| | - Pragnesh N. Upadhyay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
| | - Kishan B. Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
| | - Dharti B. Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
| | - Navnit K. Prajapati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
| | - Prashant R. Murumkar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
| | - Kirti V. Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001 Gujarat, India
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Design and Synthesis of 2-Substitutedphenyl Benzo[D]Thiazole Derivatives and Their β-Amyloid Aggregation and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities. Pharm Chem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-019-02000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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31
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Zolezzi JM, Lindsay CB, Serrano FG, Ureta RC, Theoduloz C, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Inestrosa NC. Neuroprotective Effects of Ferruginol, Jatrophone, and Junicedric Acid Against Amyloid-β Injury in Hippocampal Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:705-723. [PMID: 29660932 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers have been recognized as early neurotoxic intermediates with a key role in the synaptic dysfunction observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ oligomers block hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and impair rodent spatial memory. Additionally, the presence of Aβ oligomers is associated with imbalanced intracellular calcium levels and apoptosis in neurons. In this context, we evaluated the effects of three diterpenes (ferruginol, jatrophone, and junicedric acid) that are found in medicinal plants and have several forms of biological activity. The intracellular calcium levels in hippocampal neurons increased in the presence of ferruginol, jatrophone, and junicedric acid, a result that was consistent with the observed increase in CA1 synaptic transmission in mouse hippocampal slices. Additionally, assays using Aβ peptide demonstrated that diterpenes, particularly ferruginol, restore LTP and reduce apoptosis. Recovery of the Aβ oligomer-induced loss of the synaptic proteins PSD-95, synapsin, VGlut, and NMDA receptor subunit 2A was observed in mouse hippocampal slices treated with junicedric acid. This cascade of events may be associated with the regulation of kinases, e.g., protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), in addition to the activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and could thus provide protection against Aβ oligomers, which trigger synaptic dysfunction. Our results suggest a potential neuroprotective role for diterpenes against the Aβ oligomers-induced neurodegenerative alterations, which make them interesting molecules to be further studied in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Zolezzi
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Carolina B Lindsay
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe G Serrano
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roxana C Ureta
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Theoduloz
- Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Healthy Brain Aging, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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Unsal-Tan O, Tüylü Küçükkılınç T, Ayazgök B, Balkan A, Ozadali-Sari K. Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological evaluation of novel 2-pyrazoline derivatives as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1018-1026. [PMID: 31304000 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00030e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 2-pyrazoline derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory, Aβ anti-aggregating and neuroprotective activities. Among these, 3d, 3e, 3g, and 3h were established as the most potent and selective BChE inhibitors (IC50 = 0.5-3.9 μM), while 3f presented dual inhibitory activity against BChE and AChE (IC50 = 6.0 and 6.5 μM, respectively). Kinetic analyses revealed that 3g is a partial noncompetitive inhibitor of BChE (Ki = 2.22 μM), while 3f exerts competitive inhibition on AChE (Ki = 0.63 μM). The active compounds were subsequently screened for further assessments. 3f, 3g and 3h reduced Aβ1-42 aggregation levels significantly (72.6, 83.4 and 63.4%, respectively). In addition, 3f demonstrated outstanding neuroprotective effects against Aβ1-42-induced and H2O2-induced cell toxicity (95.6 and 93.6%, respectively). Molecular docking studies were performed with 3g and 3f to investigate binding interactions inside the active sites of BChE and AChE. Compounds 3g and 3f might have the multifunctional potential for use against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya Unsal-Tan
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey .
| | - Tuba Tüylü Küçükkılınç
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Biochemistry , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Beyza Ayazgök
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Biochemistry , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ayla Balkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey .
| | - Keriman Ozadali-Sari
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey .
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Lee J, Jun M. Dual BACE1 and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Effects of Phlorotannins from Ecklonia cava-An In Vitro and in Silico Study. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E91. [PMID: 30717208 PMCID: PMC6410325 DOI: 10.3390/md17020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases with a multifactorial nature. β-Secretase (BACE1) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which are required for the production of neurotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) and the promotion of Aβ fibril formation, respectively, are considered as prime therapeutic targets for AD. In our efforts towards the development of potent multi-target, directed agents for AD treatment, major phlorotannins such as eckol, dieckol, and 8,8'-bieckol from Ecklonia cava (E. cava) were evaluated. Based on the in vitro study, all tested compounds showed potent inhibitory effects on BACE1 and AChE. In particular, 8,8'-bieckol demonstrated the best inhibitory effect against BACE1 and AChE, with IC50 values of 1.62 ± 0.14 and 4.59 ± 0.32 µM, respectively. Overall, kinetic studies demonstrated that all the tested compounds acted as dual BACE1 and AChE inhibitors in a non-competitive or competitive fashion, respectively. In silico docking analysis exhibited that the lowest binding energies of all compounds were negative, and specifically different residues of each target enzyme interacted with hydroxyl groups of phlorotannins. The present study suggested that major phlorotannins derived from E. cava possess significant potential as drug candidates for therapeutic agents against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Bioinformatics, KIRBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Sciences and Technology, 217 Gajung-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
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Bartolini M, Marco‐Contelles J. Tacrines as Therapeutic Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. IV. The Tacripyrines and Related Annulated Tacrines. CHEM REC 2018; 19:927-937. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyAlma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - José Marco‐Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC) 3, Juan de la Cierva 28006 Madrid Spain
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Jang C, Yadav DK, Subedi L, Venkatesan R, Venkanna A, Afzal S, Lee E, Yoo J, Ji E, Kim SY, Kim MH. Identification of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors designed by pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking and bioassay. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14921. [PMID: 30297729 PMCID: PMC6175823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, pharmacophore based 3D QSAR models for human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors were generated, with good significance, statistical values (r2training = 0.73) and predictability (q2training = 0.67). It was further validated by three methods (Fischer's test, decoy set and Güner-Henry scoring method) to show that the models can be used to predict the biological activities of compounds without costly and time-consuming synthesis. The criteria for virtual screening were also validated by testing the selective AChE inhibitors. Virtual screening experiments and subsequent in vitro evaluation of promising hits revealed a novel and selective AChE inhibitor. Thus, the findings reported herein may provide a new strategy for the discovery of selective AChE inhibitors. The IC50 value of compounds 5c and 6a presented selective inhibition of AChE without inhibiting butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) at uM level. Molecular docking studies were performed to explain the potent AChE inhibition of the target compounds studies to explain high affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheongyun Jang
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra K Yadav
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lalita Subedi
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramu Venkatesan
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Arramshetti Venkanna
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sualiha Afzal
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Lee
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewook Yoo
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ji
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Muralidharan A, Josyula VR, Hariharapura RC. Exploring the potential of marine microbes in clinical management of Alzheimer's disease: A road map for bioprospecting and identifying promising isolates. Life Sci 2018; 208:149-160. [PMID: 30031811 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pervasiveness of Alzheimer's disease (AD) across the globe is on rise, devitalizing the essential brain functions of the afflicted individual. Multiple neurological pathways viz., cholinergic, amyloidogenic and tau protein pathways underlying the disease and interdependence make it more complex to develop effective treatment strategies. Existing drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease majorly belong to the class of cholinergic inhibitors which improve the behavioral symptoms. But there are no drugs that could arrest the disease progression. Inhibition of beta secretase enzyme could prevent the deposition of amyloid plaques in the neurons, thereby arresting the disease progression. Search for novel drugs to treat the underlying pathogenesis of the disease is pivotal in this day and age. The source of most active lead molecules discovered recently is from the nature. Marine ecosystem provides a plethora of pharmacologically lead molecules from various living organisms inhabiting the sea. Among all, marine microbes are the most under-explored and indispensable source of many bioactive metabolites. Studies have been reported on potent metabolites from marine microbes which could inhibit the key enzymes involved in the AD pathogenesis. The advancement in microbial bioprospecting and molecular biology techniques have eased the process of cultivation and identification of microbes, isolation of novel bioactive metabolites of clinical use. Exploring such marine natural resources for pharmacological lead molecules could give a breakthrough in the drug discovery domain for treating AD such debilitating diseases. In this review, a comprehensive account of bioprospecting methods and reports of marine microbial isolates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraag Muralidharan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkata Rao Josyula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Udupi, Karnataka, India.
| | - Raghu Chandrashekhar Hariharapura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Udupi, Karnataka, India
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Pugazhendhi A, Beema Shafreen R, Pandima Devi K, Suganthy N. Assessment of antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antiamyloidogenic effect of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia arjuna and its bioactive constituent 7-Methyl gallic acid – An in vitro and in silico studies. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rajmohamed MA, Natarajan S, Palanisamy P, Abdulkader AM, Govindaraju A. Antioxidant and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Terminalia chebula: Cell-free In vitro and In silico Studies. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S437-S445. [PMID: 29142396 PMCID: PMC5669079 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_57_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by memory loss and impaired cognitive function. Cholinergic enzyme deficiency and oxidative stress are the two major factors implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. The symptomatic treatment, as of now, is the use of cholinesterase inhibitors toward cholinergic "downturn." Therefore, there is a search for compounds that will be useful in focused therapies. There has been suggestion that Terminalia chebula fruit would be a potential source. Objective To assess the anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of T. chebula fruit which is widely practiced in the Ayurvedic medicines for memory enhancement. Materials and Methods Ethyl acetate extract of T. chebula fruit (TCEA) was subjected to phytochemical investigation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activities and cell-free antioxidant activity. TCEA was further subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS) analysis. The bioactive compounds were analyzed for molecular docking with AChE and BuChE proteins. Results TCEA exhibited potent AChE and BuChE inhibitory activities comparable to the standard drug donepezil. In vitro cell-free antioxidant assays demonstrated that TCEA possesses excellent free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and potent metal-chelating activity. Total polyphenolic content of TCEA was 596.75 ± 0.35 µg gallic acid equivalents/mg of extract, which correlates with the antioxidant activity of TCEA. Molecular docking of compounds expounded in GC-MS analysis for AChE and BuChE enzyme activities revealed that methyl N-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-beta-l-aspartyl)-beta-d-glucosaminide as the most potent compound with good predicted activities. Conclusion Overall, the results revealed that the bioactive molecule methyl N-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-beta-l-aspartyl)-beta-d-glucosaminide present in TCEA is a potential depressant for the treatment of AD and related neurodegenerative disorders. SUMMARY The present study was carried out to assess the neuroprotective effect of Terminalia chebula fruit and its phytoconstituent. Phytochemical analysis of fruit ethyl acetate extract of T. chebula (TCEA) showed the presence of alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, and tannin. TCEA showed potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activities when compared to standard drug donepezil. Results of in vitro antioxidant assays revealed excellent free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and potent metal-chelating activity. Gas chromatography-mass spectrum analysis illustrated the presence of 22 active compounds, among which methyl N-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-beta-l-aspartyl)-beta-d-glucosaminide exhibited potent AChE and BuChE inhibition analyzed through in silico studies. Abbreviations used: AD: Alzheimer's disease; TCEA: Ethyl acetate extract of Terminalia chebula; GC-MS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrum; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; RNS: Reactive nitrogen species; AChE: Acetylcholinesterase; BuChE: Butyrylcholinesterase; NFT: Neurofibrillary tangles; Aμ: μ-amyloid; NSAIDS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; RT: Room temperature; HCl: Hydrochloric acid; ATCI: Acetylthiocholine iodide; BTCI: Butyrylthiocholine iodide; BHT: Butylated hydroxytoluene; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; TCA: Trichloroacetic acid; GAE: Gallic acid equivalent; NICT: National Institute of Information and Communications Technology; 3D: Three-dimensional; PDB: Protein data bank; OPLS: Optimized potentials for liquid simulations; XP: Extra precision; SD: Standard deviation; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Asik Rajmohamed
- Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.,National Center for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suganthy Natarajan
- Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Premkumar Palanisamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Gerontology Laboratory, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akbarsha Mohammad Abdulkader
- National Center for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Archunan Govindaraju
- Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.,National Center for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sang Z, Wang K, Wang H, Yu L, Wang H, Ma Q, Ye M, Han X, Liu W. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of phthalimide-alkylamine derivatives as balanced multifunctional cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5053-5059. [PMID: 29033232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel phthalimide-alkylamine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as multi-functions inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results showed that compound TM-9 could be regarded as a balanced multi-targets active molecule. It exhibited potent and balanced inhibitory activities against ChE and MAO-B (huAChE, huBuChE, and huMAO-B with IC50 values of 1.2μM, 3.8μM and 2.6 μM, respectively) with low selectivity. Both kinetic analysis of AChE inhibition and molecular modeling study suggested that TM-9 binds simultaneously to the catalytic active site and peripheral anionic site of AChE. Interestingly, compound TM-9 abided by Lipinski's rule of five. Furthermore, our investigation proved that TM-9 indicated weak cytotoxicity, and it could cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vitro. The results suggest that compound TM-9, an interesting multi-targeted active molecule, offers an attractive starting point for further lead optimization in the drug-discovery process against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipei Sang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
| | - Keren Wang
- Nanyang Normal University Hospital, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Nanyang Normal University Library, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Lintao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Qianwen Ma
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Mengyao Ye
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Wenmin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
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Postu PA, Noumedem JAK, Cioanca O, Hancianu M, Mihasan M, Ciorpac M, Gorgan DL, Petre BA, Hritcu L. Lactuca capensis reverses memory deficits in Aβ1-42-induced an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:111-122. [PMID: 28816008 PMCID: PMC5742732 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the neuropharmacological effects of the methanolic extract from Lactuca capensis Thunb. leaves (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 21 days on memory impairment in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model produced by direct intraventricular delivery of amyloid‐β1‐42 (Aβ1‐42). Behavioural assays such as Y‐maze and radial arm maze test were used for assessing memory performance. Aβ1‐42 decreased cognitive performance in the behavioural tests which were ameliorated by pre‐treatment with the methanolic extract. Acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidant–antioxidant balance in the rat hippocampus were abnormally altered by Aβ1‐42 treatment while these deficits were recovered by pre‐treatment with the methanolic extract. In addition, rats were given Aβ1‐42 exhibited in the hippocampus decreased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA copy number and increased IL‐1β mRNA copy number which was reversed by the methanolic extract administration. These findings suggest that the methanolic extract could be a potent neuropharmacological agent against dementia via modulating cholinergic activity, increasing of BDNF levels and promoting antioxidant action in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaures A K Noumedem
- Pôle Recherche Innovation et Entrepreneuriat (PRIE), Institut Universitaire de la Côte, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Oana Cioanca
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Gr. T. Popa', Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Hancianu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Gr. T. Popa', Iasi, Romania
| | - Marius Mihasan
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mitica Ciorpac
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | | | | | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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Godoy JA, Zolezzi JM, Inestrosa NC. INT131 increases dendritic arborization and protects against Aβ toxicity by inducing mitochondrial changes in hippocampal neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:955-962. [PMID: 28655613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we have demonstrated the beneficial effects of classic PPARγ agonists on neuroprotection against Aβ oligomer neurotoxicity in a double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer' disease (AD). INT-131, a novel, non-thiazolidinedione compound that belongs to a new family of drugs, selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARMs), has provided an emerging opportunity for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. However, its role in the central nervous system has not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the putative neuroprotective role of INT131 in hippocampal neurons. We found that INT131 increased dendritic branching, promoted neuronal survival against Aβ amyloid, increased expression of PGC1-1α and modulated neuronal mitochondrial dynamics. Our results suggest that INT131, a drug that has been shown to be safe and effective in metabolic disorders, may constitute a new therapeutic alternative for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Godoy
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Juan M Zolezzi
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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de Matos AM, de Macedo MP, Rauter AP. Bridging Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Assembling the Puzzle Pieces in the Quest for the Molecules With Therapeutic and Preventive Potential. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:261-324. [PMID: 28422298 DOI: 10.1002/med.21440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two age-related amyloid diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Broadly supported by epidemiological data, the higher incidence of AD among type 2 diabetic patients led to the recognition of T2D as a tangible risk factor for the development of AD. Indeed, there is now growing evidence on brain structural and functional abnormalities arising from brain insulin resistance and deficiency, ultimately highlighting the need for new approaches capable of preventing the development of AD in type 2 diabetic patients. This review provides an update on overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms and pathways in T2D and AD, such as amyloidogenic events, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, aberrant enzymatic activity, and even shared genetic background. These events will be presented as puzzle pieces put together, thus establishing potential therapeutic targets for drug discovery and development against T2D and diabetes-induced cognitive decline-a heavyweight contributor to the increasing incidence of dementia in developed countries. Hoping to pave the way in this direction, we will present some of the most promising and well-studied drug leads with potential against both pathologies, including their respective bioactivity reports, mechanisms of action, and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marta de Matos
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.,CEDOC Chronic Diseases, Nova Medical School, Rua Câmara Pestana n 6, 6-A, Ed. CEDOC II, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula de Macedo
- CEDOC Chronic Diseases, Nova Medical School, Rua Câmara Pestana n 6, 6-A, Ed. CEDOC II, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amélia Pilar Rauter
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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Wu WY, Dai YC, Li NG, Dong ZX, Gu T, Shi ZH, Xue X, Tang YP, Duan JA. Novel multitarget-directed tacrine derivatives as potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:572-587. [PMID: 28133981 PMCID: PMC6009885 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is complex and progressive; it has not only threatened the health of elderly people, but also burdened the whole social medical and health system. The available therapy for AD is limited and the efficacy remains unsatisfactory. In view of the prevalence and expected increase in the incidence of AD, the design and development of efficacious and safe anti-AD agents has become a hotspot in the field of pharmaceutical research. Due to the multifactorial etiology of AD, the multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) approach is promising in search for new drugs for AD. Tacrine, which is the first acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, has been selected as the ideal active fragment because of its simple structure, clear activity, and its superiority in the structural modification, thus it could be introduced into the overall molecular skeletons of the multi-target-directed anti-AD agents. In this review, we have summarized the recent advances (2012 to the present) in the chemical modification of tacrine, which could provide the reference for the further study of novel multi-target-directed tacrine derivatives to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Wu
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yu-Chen Dai
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ze-Xi Dong
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ting Gu
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,c Department of Organic Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xin Xue
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
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Tacrine-resveratrol fused hybrids as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:250-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Teponnou GAK, Joubert J, Malan SF. Tacrine, Trolox and Tryptoline as Lead Compounds for the Design and Synthesis of Multi-target Agents for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2017; 11:24-37. [PMID: 28567126 PMCID: PMC5418947 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501711010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The versatile biological activities of tacrine, trolox and β-carboline derivatives make them promising lead structures for the development of multifunctional Alzheimer’s disease (AD) agents. Based on the topology of the active site of cholinesterases and other target proteins involved in the pathogenesis of AD, we have designed and synthesized tacrine-trolox and tacrine-tryptoline hybrids with various linker chain lengths. The hybrids containing the trolox moiety (8a-8d) showed moderate to high TcAChE inhibition (IC50: 17.37 - 2200 nM), eqBuChE inhibition (IC50: 3.16 – 128.82 nM) and free radical scavenging activities (IC50: 11.48 – 49.23 µM). The hybrids with longer linker chain lengths in general showed better ChE inhibitory activity. As expected, free radical scavenging activities were not significantly affected by varying linker chain lengths. The hybrid compound containing the tryptoline moiety linked with a 7 carbon spacer to tacrine (14) displayed the best AChE and BuChE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 17.37 and 3.16 nM). Docking experiments exhibited that compounds 8d and 14 were able to bind to both the CAS and PAS of TcAChE and eqBuChE, suggesting that they will be able to inhibit ChE induced Aβ aggregation. Novel multi-target agents that exhibit good ChE inhibition (8d and 14) and anti-oxidant (8d) activity were identified as suitable candidates for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A K Teponnou
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Jacques Joubert
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Sarel F Malan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Quercetin Exerts Differential Neuroprotective Effects Against H 2O 2 and Aβ Aggregates in Hippocampal Neurons: the Role of Mitochondria. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7116-7128. [PMID: 27796749 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is one of the major players in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite numerous studies, the mechanisms by which Aβ induces neurodegeneration are not completely understood. Oxidative stress is considered a major contributor to the pathogenesis of AD, and accumulating evidence indicates that high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in Aβ-induced neurodegeneration. Moreover, Aβ can induce the deregulation of calcium homeostasis, which also affects mitochondrial function and triggers neuronal cell death. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of quercetin, a plant flavonoid with antioxidant properties, on oxidative stress- and Aβ-induced degeneration. Our results indicate that quercetin efficiently protected against H2O2-induced neuronal toxicity; however, this protection was only partial in rat hippocampal neurons that were treated with Aβ. Treatment with quercetin decreased ROS levels, recovered the normal morphology of mitochondria, and prevented mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons that were treated with H2O2. By contrast, quercetin treatment partially rescued hippocampal neurons from Aβ-induced mitochondrial injury. Most importantly, quercetin treatment prevented the toxic effects that are induced by H2O2 in hippocampal neurons and, to a lesser extent, the Aβ-induced toxicity that is associated with the superoxide anion, which is a precursor of ROS production in mitochondria. Collectively, these results indicate that quercetin exerts differential effects on the prevention of H2O2- and Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neurons and may be a powerful tool for dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ neurotoxicity.
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Synthesis and evaluation of 7-substituted coumarin derivatives as multimodal monoamine oxidase-B and cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:853-864. [PMID: 27744252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of 7-substituted coumarin derivatives were designed and synthesised to display ChE and MAO-B inhibitory activity. The compounds consisted out of a coumarin structure (MAO-B inhibitor) and benzyl-, piperidine-, N-benzylpiperidine- or p-bromo-N-benzylpiperizine moiety, resembling the N-benzylpiperidine function of donepezil (ChE inhibitor), connected via an alkyl ether linkage at the 7 position. The biological assay results indicated that all the compounds (1-25) displayed selective inhibition to hMAO-B over hMAO-A, with the benzyloxy series (1-8, 10-13) showing nano-molar hMAO-B inhibition (IC50: 0.5-73 nM). Limited ChE inhibitory activity was however observed for the benzyloxy series with the exception of 2 and especially 3 showing selective BuChE inhibition. From this series 3 showed the best multifunctional activity (eqBuChE IC50 = 0.96 μM, hMAO-A IC50 = 2.13 μM, hMAO-B IC50 = 0.0021 μM). Within the N-benzylpiperidine (16-19) and p-bromo-N-benzylpiperizine (21-24) series the compounds in general showed moderate ChE and MAO-B inhibitory activity. Of these compounds 19 was the most potent multifunctional agent showing good eeAChE and eqBuChE inhibition (IC50 = 9.10 μM and 5.90 μM, respectively), and relatively potent and selective hMAO-B inhibition (IC50 = 0.30 μM, SI = >33). Molecular modeling revealed that 19 was able to bind simultaneously to the CAS, mid-gorge and PAS sites of AChE and BuChE suggesting that it will be able to inhibit AChE induced Aβ aggregation. From this study, compounds that 3 and 19 can be considered as promising multifunctional lead compounds.
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β-Amyloid-acetylcholine molecular interaction: new role of cholinergic mediators in anti-Alzheimer therapy? Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1179-89. [PMID: 27402297 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For long time Alzheimer's disease has been attributed to a cholinergic deficit. More recently, it has been considered dependent on the accumulation of the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ), which promotes neuronal loss and impairs neuronal function. Results/methodology: In the present study, using biophysical and biochemical experiments we tested the hypothesis that in addition to its role as a neurotransmitter, acetylcholine may exert its action as an anti-Alzheimer agent through a direct interaction with Aβ. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence that acetylcholine favors the soluble peptide conformation and exerts a neuroprotective effect against the neuroinflammatory and toxic effects of Aβ. The present paper paves the way toward the development of new polyfunctional anti-Alzheimer therapeutics capable of intervening on both the cholinergic transmission and the Aβ aggregation.
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50
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Stavrakov G, Philipova I, Zheleva D, Atanasova M, Konstantinov S, Doytchinova I. Docking-based Design of Galantamine Derivatives with Dual-site Binding to Acetylcholinesterase. Mol Inform 2016; 35:278-85. [PMID: 27492242 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201600041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase is a key target in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease because of its ability to hydrolyze acetylcholine via the catalytic binding site and to accelerate the aggregation of amyloid-β peptide via the peripheral anionic site (PAS). Using docking-based predictions, in the present study we design 20 novel galantamine derivatives with alkylamide spacers of different length ending with aromatic fragments. The galantamine moiety blocks the catalytic site, while the terminal aromatic fragments bind in PAS. The best predicted compounds are synthesized and tested for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The experimental results confirm the predictions and show that the heptylamide spacer is of optimal length to bridge the galantamine moiety bound in the catalytic site and the aromatic fragments interacting with PAS. Among the tested terminal aromatic fragments, the phenethyl substituent is the most suitable for binding in PAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Stavrakov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav str., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irena Philipova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str. 9, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitrina Zheleva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav str., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mariyana Atanasova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav str., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Spiro Konstantinov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav str., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irini Doytchinova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav str., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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