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Pelluri R, Kongara S, Nagasubramanian VR, Mahadevan S, Chimakurthy J. Effect of Teneligliptin 20 mg Twice Daily on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Levels and Its Influence on Non-Glycemic Components in Non-Diabetic Obese Individuals. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:90-96. [PMID: 38165660 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Teneligliptin is an oral antidiabetic agent, it can persevere glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase enzyme. In addition, it has rare incidence of hypoglycemia. Hence, this study aimed to test the effect of teneligliptin 20 mg twice daily along with low carbohydrate diet and physical exercise on change of body weight and insulin resistance in nondiabetic obese subjects. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study carried out at outpatient department of an endocrinology hospital over the period of 48 weeks. Teneligliptin 20 mg twice daily 30 min before food (low carbohydrate diet [LCD]) with regular physical exercise, and control group was kept with placebo twice daily 30 min before food LCD with regular physical exercise. This study was registered in clinical trial registry of India [CTRI/2020/02/023329]. Results: A total of 150 nondiabetic obese subjects were randomized into test (n = 75) and control groups (n = 75). At the end of 48 weeks there was significant improvement in GLP-1, simplified nutrition assessment questionnaire (SNAQ) score, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), and body weight. The mean difference and 95% confidence interval of GLP-1 (pg/mL) was 76.42 (44.42-148.41) (P = 0.37); SNAQ score, -1.64 (-2.48 to -0.81) (P = 0.000); HOMA-IR, -0.9 (-0.59 to -0.38) (P = 0.000); TG (mg/dL) -29.37 (-44.46 to -14.07) (P = 0.000); reduction of body weight (kilograms) -3.09 (-6.11 to -0.07) (P = 0.043). Conclusion: Findings of this study reveals that teneligliptin-treated group showed significant improvement in GLP-1 levels, reduced insulin resistance, body weight, TG, appetite, and metabolic syndrome. Teneligliptin is well tolerated, except in upper respiratory tract infections. CTR number: CTRI/2020/02/023329.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranakishor Pelluri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education Research, (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endolife Speciality Hospital, Guntur, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, (Deemed to be University), Guntur, India
| | - Srikanth Kongara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endolife Speciality Hospital, Guntur, India
| | | | - Shriraam Mahadevan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Jithendra Chimakurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, (Deemed to be University), Guntur, India
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Vasudev M, Goshtasbi K, Meller LLT, Tjoa T, Kuan EC, Haidar YM. Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Outcomes in Complex Head and Neck Surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2023; 132:1386-1392. [PMID: 36896868 DOI: 10.1177/00034894231159341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to evaluate the impact of MetS on the short-term postoperative outcomes of complex head and neck surgery patients. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort analysis of the 2005 to 2017 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. NSQIP database was queried for 30-day outcomes of patients undergoing complex head and neck surgeries, defined as laryngectomy or mucosal resection followed by free tissue transfer, similar to prior NSQIP studies. Patients with hypertension, diabetes, and body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2 were defined as having MetS. Adverse events were defined as experiencing readmission, reoperation, surgical/medical complications, or mortality. RESULTS A total of 2764 patients (27.0% female) with a mean age of 62.0 ± 11.7 years were included. Patients with MetS (n = 108, 3.9%) were more likely to be female (P = .017) and have high ASA classification (P = .030). On univariate analysis, patients with MetS were more likely to require reoperation (25.9% vs 16.7%, P = .013) and experience medical complications (26.9% vs 15.4% P = .001) or any adverse events (61.1% vs 48.7%, P = .011) compared to patients without MetS. On multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for age, sex, race, ASA classification, and complex head and neck surgery type, MetS was an independent predictor of medical complications (odds ratio 2.34, 95% CI 1.28-4.27, P = .006). CONCLUSION Patients with MetS undergoing complex head and neck surgery are at increased risk of experiencing medical complications. Identifying patients with MetS can therefore aid surgeons in preoperative risk assessment and help improve postoperative management. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind Vasudev
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Khodayar Goshtasbi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Leo L T Meller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tjoson Tjoa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Edward C Kuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Yarah M Haidar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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Pavithra H, Naik PR. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its Risk Factors among Adults in a Rural Area of Dakshina Kannada District. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:861-866. [PMID: 38249709 PMCID: PMC10795886 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_743_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) consists of interconnected factors responsible for increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Early identification and treatment of components of MS leads to improved cardiovascular outcomes. Aims To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults >18 years of age and to study the various socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with MS. Methods and Material This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 280 adults of >18 years in a rural area of Dakshina Kannada district. Probability proportional to size and random sampling was used to select the study participants. Data was collected by interviews, anthropometry, blood investigations. Results Prevalence of MS was 33.9% and majority were females (71.8%). The mean age was 49.35 (±15.22) years. The prevalence (raised levels/on treatment) of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia were 56.79% (systolic), 38.93% (diastolic), 38.57% (raised triglycerides), and 45% respectively. Majority of the subjects were obese (52.9%). Participants of 18-49 years age group had 2.30 times higher odds of having MS than ≥50 years age group (P value < 0.001). Female gender and low socio-economic status had 1.49- and 1.31-times higher odds of having MS respectively. Family history of diabetes and presence of co-morbidities had 1.20- and 1.02-times higher odds of developing MS. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of MS in rural areas. Intervention based on lifestyle modifications needs to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pavithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Poonam R. Naik
- Department of Community Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Bowo-Ngandji A, Kenmoe S, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kenfack-Momo R, Takuissu GR, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Tchatchouang S, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Lontuo Fogang R, Zeuko'o Menkem E, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Wandji Nguedjo M, Assam Assam JP, Enyegue Mandob D, Ngondi JL. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in African populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289155. [PMID: 37498832 PMCID: PMC10374159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Several studies have found MS to be prevalent in various African regions. However, no specific estimates of MS prevalence in African populations exist. The aim of this study was to estimate the overall prevalence of MS in the African populations. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Africa Index Medicus, and African Journal Online Scopus to find studies published up to the 15th of August 2022. Pooled prevalence was calculated based on six diagnostic methods. The pooled prevalence of MS was estimated using a random-effects model. Our risk of bias analysis was based on the Hoy et al. tool. A Heterogeneity (I2) assessment was performed, as well as an Egger test for publication bias. PROSPERO number CRD42021275176 was assigned to this study. RESULTS In total, 297 studies corresponding to 345 prevalence data from 29 African countries and involving 156 464 participants were included. The overall prevalence of MS in Africa was 32.4% (95% CI: 30.2-34.7) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 98.9%; P<0.001). We obtained prevalence rates of 44.8% (95% CI: 24.8-65.7), 39.7% (95% CI: 31.7-48.1), 33.1% (95% CI: 28.5-37.8), 31.6% (95% CI: 27.8-35.6) and 29.3% (95% CI: 25.7-33) using the WHO, revised NCEP-ATP III, JIS, NCEP/ATP III and IDF definition criteria, respectively. The prevalence of MS was significantly higher in adults >18 years with 33.1% (95%CI: 30.8-35.5) compared to children <18 years with 13.3% (95%CI: 7.3-20.6) (P<0.001). MS prevalence was significantly higher in females with 36.9% (95%CI: 33.2-40.7) compared to males with 26.7% (95%CI: 23.1-30.5) (P<0.001). The prevalence of MS was highest among Type 2 diabetes patients with 66.9% (95%CI: 60.3-73.1), followed by patients with coronary artery disease with 55.2% (95%CI: 50.8-59.6) and cardiovascular diseases with 48.3% (95%CI: 33.5-63.3) (P<0.001). With 33.6% (95% CI: 28.3-39.1), the southern African region was the most affected, followed by upper-middle income economies with 35% (95% CI: 29.5-40.6). CONCLUSION This study, regardless of the definition used, reveals a high prevalence of MS in Africa, confirming the ongoing epidemiological transition in African countries. Early prevention and treatment strategies are urgently needed to reverse this trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Medical Research Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Medical Research Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Maxwell Wandji Nguedjo
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Alemayehu E, Fiseha T, Bambo GM, Sahile Kebede S, Bisetegn H, Tilahun M, Debash H, Ebrahim H, Mohammed O, Belete MA, Gedefie A. Prevalence of hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:153. [PMID: 37464401 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia increases morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetic individuals. It is linked to the expansion of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases indicators, as well as being a significant predictor of coronary artery disease. It also leads to a poor prognosis and increment of diabetic complications including diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Africa. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. To identify relevant articles, we searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journal Online, Science Direct, Embase, ResearchGate, Scopus, and Web of Sciences. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software. To evaluate heterogeneity, we utilized Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics. Publication bias was assessed through the examination of a funnel plot and Egger's test. The pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effect model. Furthermore, sub-group and sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS The overall pooled prevalence of hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetic patients in Africa was 27.28% (95% CI: 23.07, 31.49). The prevalence was highest in Central Africa 33.72% (95% CI: 23.49, 43.95), and lowest in North Africa 24.72% (95% CI: 14.38, 35.07). Regarding sex, the pooled prevalence of hyperuricemia among female and male type 2 diabetic patients was 28.02% (95% CI: 22.92, 33.48) and 28.20% (95% CI: 22.92, 33.48), respectively. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis showed a high prevalence of hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetic patients. So, regular screening and diagnosis of hyperuricemia required for preventing its pathological effects and contribution to chronic complications of diabetes. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO (2022: CRD42022331279).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermiyas Alemayehu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO.Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Temesgen Fiseha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO.Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Mesfin Bambo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, PO.Box 260, Mizan, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Sahile Kebede
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, PO.Box 260, Mizan, Ethiopia
| | - Habtye Bisetegn
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO.Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Tilahun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO.Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Habtu Debash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO.Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Hussen Ebrahim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO.Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Ousman Mohammed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO.Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Ashagrie Belete
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO.Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Gedefie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO.Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Peneva VM, Terzieva DD, Mitkov MD. Role of Melatonin in the Onset of Metabolic Syndrome in Women. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1580. [PMID: 37371675 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of several associated cardiometabolic risk factors that increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases, and mortality. The role of hormonal factors in the development of MetS is assumed. In women, an insulin-resistant state that is associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome and increased deposition of intra-abdominal adipose tissue promotes the development of MetS and increases cardiovascular risk. The neuroendocrine hormone melatonin is secreted mainly at night under the regulatory action of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. Melatonin secretion is influenced by exogenous factors such as light and seasons and endogenous factors such as age, sex, and body weight. At present, the role of melatonin in metabolic disorders in humans is not fully understood. In this review, we set out to analyze the relationship of melatonin with the main features of MetS in women. Data from experimental and clinical studies on the role of melatonin in glucose metabolism and on the involvement of melatonin in lipid disturbances in MetS are reviewed. The complex influence of melatonin on hypertension is discussed. The changes in melatonin, leptin, and ghrelin and their relation to various metabolic processes and vascular dysfunction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Miloucheva Peneva
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dora Dimitrova Terzieva
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mitko Dimitrov Mitkov
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Wu CZ, Huang LY, Chen FY, Kuo CH, Yeih DF. Using Machine Learning to Predict Abnormal Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 2 Diabetes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111834. [PMID: 37296685 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) is a reliable risk factor for cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of different machine learning methods and traditional multiple logistic regression in predicting c-IMT using baseline features and to establish the most significant risk factors in a T2D cohort. We followed up with 924 patients with T2D for four years, with 75% of the participants used for model development. Machine learning methods, including classification and regression tree, random forest, eXtreme gradient boosting, and Naïve Bayes classifier, were used to predict c-IMT. The results showed that all machine learning methods, except for classification and regression tree, were not inferior to multiple logistic regression in predicting c-IMT in terms of higher area under receiver operation curve. The most significant risk factors for c-IMT were age, sex, creatinine, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, and duration of diabetes, sequentially. Conclusively, machine learning methods could improve the prediction of c-IMT in T2D patients compared to conventional logistic regression models. This could have crucial implications for the early identification and management of cardiovascular disease in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ze Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Heng Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Feng Yeih
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
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Dada AO, Ikpegbu UA, Okunowo LO, Ajibare AO, Adekiitan ME, Shasore HO. Plasma paraoxonase-1 activity levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Southwest Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:40. [PMID: 37545608 PMCID: PMC10403769 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.40.36301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) associated enzyme that has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, and antioxidant functions. PON1 is noted to be a determinant of resistance to the development of atherosclerosis through hydrolysis of phospholipid and cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides. This study was designed to assess PON1 activity levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Southwest Nigeria. Methods this was a cross-sectional study done over a period of six months. A total of 138 participants; 69 with T2DM and 69 apparently healthy controls were recruited for this study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), and PON1 activity were analyzed in the participants. The comparison of the mean between the groups of participants was assessed using the independent student t-test while the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare two medians. The p-value was set at 0.05. Results mean age for participants with T2DM was 54.90 ± 8.1 years and the healthy control group was 54.12 ± 8.4 years, with a p-value of 0.549. The male-to-female ratio was 0.47 for both participants with T2DM and healthy controls. Participants with T2DM had significantly higher median glucose concentration of 109.18 mg/dl compared with 82.58 mg/dl among controls, p-value <0.001. Median serum HDL-c was lower in diabetics compared to controls (52.66 mg/dl vs 57.92 mg/dl; p-value < 0.001). PON1 activity was lower in T2DM compared with that of the controls (690.11 pmol/min/ml vs 3379.7 pmol/min/ml; p-value <0.001). Paroxonase 1 showed a non-significant positive correlation with HDL-c and a negative correlation with FPG, and body mass index (BMI). Conclusion these findings suggest that PON1 activity is lower in T2DM compared to healthy controls and a lower PON1 activity level was seen among female diabetics compared with the male diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi Oluwaseun Dada
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Uduak Akpan Ikpegbu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, General Hospital, Lagos Island, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Adeola Olubunmi Ajibare
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Unit, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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Jiaxin H, Zhu C, Jing Y, Qianhui S, Fuqian J, Qiyuan P, Yi L, Jukun S. Plasma elaidic acid level is associated with periodontal health in American adults: A cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1034841. [PMID: 36570162 PMCID: PMC9773206 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1034841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether there is an association between TFAs and periodontitis is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between moderate/severe periodontitis and plasma level of elaidic acid, a major trans-fatty acid component, in American adults. Methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) years 2009-2010 were used to screen a total of 1,610 people. The independent variable of interest is plasma elaidic acid level, the dependent variable is periodontitis, and the covariates include socio-demographic variables, lifestyle variables, systemic diseases, etc. The distribution of variables in the covariate differences between the different independent groups according to tertile was investigated using a multiple linear regression model. To examine the association between plasma elaidic acid levels and moderate/severe periodontitis, three models were used. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between plasma elaidic acid level and moderate/severe periodontitis after adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 1.021, 95%CI: 1.004-1.039, P = 0.01394). Subjects with the highest tertile of plasma elaidic acid levels were 51.9% more likely to have periodontitis compared with subjects with the lowest tertile of plasma elaidic acid levels (OR = 1.519, 95% CI: 1.136-2.030, P = 0.00477). No possible sources of heterogeneity were identified in the subgroup analyses. Conclusion Plasma elaidic acid levels are associated with periodontal disease in American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Jiaxin
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yang Jing
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shi Qianhui
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jin Fuqian
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Pang Qiyuan
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Luo Yi
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Luo Yi,
| | - Song Jukun
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital and Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,Song Jukun,
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Nwankwo M, Okamkpa CJ, Danborno B. Comparison of diagnostic criteria and prevalence of metabolic syndrome using WHO, NCEP-ATP III, IDF and harmonized criteria: A case study from urban southeast Nigeria. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102665. [PMID: 36417829 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a worldwide public health problem, affecting not just developed countries but also developing countries and impacts all age groups. Different criteria are available for its assessment. The present study aims at comparing the prevalence of MetS using four criteria. METHODS A total of 4202 (male: 2772 and female: 1430) with mean age 41.23 ± 9.58 years participated in the study. For all definitions, presence of 3 abnormalities out of 5 qualify an individual for MetS. Various statistical analyses including unpaired student's t-test, chi-square crosstabs (or Fisher's exact test where appropriate), analysis of variance, logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Cohen's Kappa were performed. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS were 17.1%, 21.8%, 11.4% and 23.6% for National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III (NCEP-ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), World Health Organization (WHO) and the Harmonized definitions respectively. Further, the order of significance of screening components for MetS is elevated blood pressure (BP) > impaired fasting glucose > abdominal adiposity. Whereas, the order of significant performance of the four screening tools are Harmonized > IDF > NCEP-ATP III > WHO. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MetS among young adults in southeast Nigeria was moderately high. The Harmonized definition was the best screening tool for MetS. High BP was the most sensitive and specific screening tool for detecting risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monday Nwankwo
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria.
| | - Chikezie Jude Okamkpa
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria
| | - Barnabas Danborno
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Ahmed AE, Alsamghan A, Momenah MA, Alqhtani HA, Aldawood NA, Alshehri MA, Ali Alshehri AM, Alhag SK, Mosaad YO, Ahmed H. Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Mixed Hypercholesterolemic Populations with Respect to Gender, Age, and Obesity in Asir, Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14985. [PMID: 36429701 PMCID: PMC9690936 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This record study aimed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) profiles regarding sex, age, and obesity for the riskier factor of cardiovascular diseases in a general population in Saudi Arabia. Laboratory and anthropometric measurements were performed on non-specific participants with variant ages and BMI in either sex. Serobiochemical changes were measured for metabolic profiles, i.e., A1C/FSG, TC, TGC, HDLC/LDLC, Vit.D, TSH/T4, Hb, and Cr. The study was applied in a Polyclinic, Abha, Saudi Arabia in 2020 G. The general population showed variable incidences of MetS profiles, such as 69.4% diabetes, 85.5% hypothyroidism, and 92.2% obesity. Hypothyroidism showed a higher incidence in women rather than in men, but men were more dyslipidemic, with higher TGC and LDLC but low HDLC, compared to women. Men <40 Y. showed diabetes and hypothyroidism, but elders were dyslipidemic. Women <40 Y. showed anemia and hypovitaminosis-D but were suffering from hypothyroidism at all ages. Diabetes, hypothyroidism, hypovitaminosis-D, and dyslipidemia were the main MetS components in both overweight and obese participants, and an incidence of more than 50% in each profile was recorded. Diabetes with hypertension was characteristic of obese participants rather than those overweight. About 66.1% of the mixed-hypercholesterolemic cases were diabetic, but 18.9% of the mixed-diabetic participants were hypercholesterolemic. Castelli's risk factors, CRI-I and CRI-II, and atherogenic indices, AIP and AC, were measured for evaluating the cardiac risk in different populations based on the AUC-ROC and cut-off values. Insulin-resistance marker (TyG) was also measured, showing considerable cut-off values for diabetic susceptibility in the lipidemic participants with higher TGC and TC rather than HDLC or LDLC. In conclusion, MetS showed higher susceptibility to sex and age with increased incidence in women rather than men. However, the cardiac risk was more susceptible to men of higher TGC and low HDLC than women. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was more prominent in both elders (≥40 Y.) than younger ages of either sex. Anemia and deficiency of Vit. D was characteristic of young women (<40 Y.). Hypothyroidism affects young men <40 Y. but was recorded in women of all ages. Both dyslipidemia and diabetes could trigger CVD, showing higher cardiac risk in mixed-hypercholesterolemic men rather than women. Our study strongly suggests that the consumption of unhealthy junk food, tobacco smoking, lack of exercise, and physical inactivity could be conclusive evidence of MetS in the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 53823, Egypt
| | - Awad Alsamghan
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdullah Momenah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Ali Alqhtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Arkan Aldawood
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alshehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sadeq K. Alhag
- Biology Department, College of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Muhayl Asser, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser O. Mosaad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hassan Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 53823, Egypt
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Abagre TA, Bandoh DA, Addo-Lartey AA. Determinants of metabolic syndrome among patients attending diabetes clinics in two sub-urban hospitals: Bono Region, Ghana. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:366. [PMID: 35948874 PMCID: PMC9364499 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 70% of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may have metabolic syndrome in sub-Saharan Africa. Evidence about the prevalence, clustering, and determinants of metabolic syndrome components is needed to guide the implementation of interventions to prevent cardiovascular diseases in low-income countries. METHODS A clinic-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 430 out-patients attending two-selected diabetes mellitus clinics in the Bono Region of Ghana. Data was collected in June 2016 among participants aged 30-79 years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was assessed using the harmonized definition. Patients were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires and T2DM status was confirmed by reviewing medical records. The components of MS that were assessed included body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and blood glucose. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the risk factors of MS. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 58.8 ± 11.49 years. The prevalence of MS was 68.6% (95% CI: 64.0-72.8), higher among women (76.3%, 95% CI: 70.6-81.2) than men (58.0%, 95% CI: 35.0-49.4) and in the 50-59-year age group (32.1%). The majority of participants [248 (57.7%)] had either two [124 (28.8%)] or four [124 (28.8%)] components of MS. Excluding fasting blood glucose (78.4%), the predominant components of MS identified in the study were reduced HDL cholesterol (70.2%), high waist circumference (60.9%), and elevated systolic blood pressure (49.8%). The study found that the odds of MS in women are 2.2-fold higher than in men (95% CI: 1.29-3.58, p = 0.003). Duration of T2DM (OR 5.2, 95% CI: 2.90-9.31, p < 0.001) and overweight status (OR 6.1, 95% CI: 3.70-10.07 p < 0.001) were also found to be significant determinants of MS. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome was common among patients attending routine diabetes mellitus clinics in sub-urban hospitals in the middle belt of Ghana. Significant factors associated with metabolic syndrome included being female, living with diabetes for more than five years, and being overweight. Nationwide advocacy for routine screening and prevention of the syndrome should be initiated to prevent cardiovascular disease and mortality in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Agandah Abagre
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Delia Akosua Bandoh
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Adolphina Addoley Addo-Lartey
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 13, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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13
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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Urban Cambodia: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 12:224-231. [PMID: 35947272 PMCID: PMC9470791 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-022-00053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus, is increasing in Cambodia. Urbanization and lifestyle changes due to rapid economic development have affected the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS, MetS components, and health status among Cambodians living in urban areas. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled adult Cambodians (age ≥ 20 years) who underwent a health checkup at a Japanese hospital in Phnom Penh. MetS was defined based on the harmonized diagnostic definition from the joint interim statement. Results Among the 6090 (3174 men and 2916 women) participants who were enrolled in the study, the prevalence of MetS was 60.1% in men and 52.4% in women. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure was 73.2% in men and 65.3% in women, and was the highest MetS component in both men and women. In contrast, the lowest prevalence rates were observed for abdominal obesity (44.8%) in men and for high triglyceride levels (33.5%) in women. The MetS group showed a significantly higher proportion of patients with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity compared with the non-MetS group. Conclusion The high prevalence of MetS in this study was attributed to urbanization, as in economically developed countries. It is necessary to explore the lifestyle habits of Cambodians that contribute to MetS and to develop preventive measures to reduce the incidence and prevalence of MetS.
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Catinelli BB, Rossignoli PS, Floriano JF, Carr AM, de Oliveira RG, Dos Santos NJ, Úbeda LCC, Spadella MA, Hallur RLS, Sobrevia L, Felisbino SL, Calderon IMP, Barbosa AMP, Rudge MVC. Reversal of diabetic-induced myopathy by swimming exercise in pregnant rats: a translational intervention study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7375. [PMID: 35513450 PMCID: PMC9072313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) plus rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) myopathy predicts long-term urinary incontinence (UI). Atrophic and stiff RAM are characteristics of diabetes-induced myopathy (DiM) in pregnant rats. This study aimed to determine whether swimming exercise (SE) has a therapeutic effect in mild hyperglycemic pregnant rats model. We hypothesized that SE training might help to reverse RAM DiM. Mild hyperglycemic pregnant rats model was obtained by a unique subcutaneous injection of 100 mg/kg streptozotocin (diabetic group) or citrate buffer (non-diabetic group) on the first day of life in Wistar female newborns. At 90 days of life, the rats are mated and randomly allocated to remain sedentary or subjected to a SE protocol. The SE protocol started at gestational day 0 and consisted of 60 min/day for 6 days/week in a period of 20 days in a swim tunnel. On day 21, rats were sacrificed, and RAM was collected and studied by picrosirius red, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. The SE protocol increased the fiber area and diameter, and the slow-twitch and fast-twitch fiber area and diameter in the diabetic exercised group, a finding was also seen in control sedentary animals. There was a decreased type I collagen but not type III collagen area and showed a similar type I/type III ratio compared with the control sedentary group. In conclusion, SE during pregnancy reversed the RAM DiM in pregnant rats. These findings may be a potential protocol to consider in patients with RAM damage caused by GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna B Catinelli
- Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Rossignoli
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, School of Philosophy and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Floriano
- Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline M Carr
- Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael G de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton J Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology (IB), UNICAMP, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara C C Úbeda
- University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raghavendra L S Hallur
- Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Loni, Rahata Taluk, Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra, 413736, India
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain.,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sérgio L Felisbino
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iracema M P Calderon
- Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angélica M P Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, School of Philosophy and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilza V C Rudge
- Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Low-intensity exercise improves cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion injury in aged female rats with metabolic syndrome. Exp Gerontol 2022; 160:111711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bojang KS, Lyrawati D, Sujuti H, Wahono D. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its Components in Kanifing Municipality, The Gambia. Med Arch 2022; 75:340-346. [PMID: 35169354 PMCID: PMC8740674 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2021.75.340-346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex syndrome with clustering of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Its rising worldwide prevalence has been largely related to the increasing obesity. In The Gambia, the last and only time a MetS related study was conducted, and then reported, was 21 years. Therefore, there is need for evaluating the prevalence of MetS and its components in the country. Objective This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MetS and its individual components in Kanifing Municipality (KM). Methods It was a cross-sectional study conducted at Kanifing General Hospital, Kanifing Municipality. Data obtained from each participants included anthropometric indices, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein levels, and clinical information. Results One hundred and thirty-six participants were included in the analysis. The overall MetS prevalence was 54.4% with significant female predominance (female, 58%; male, 29.4%; P=0.025). The most predominant component among the study population was central obesity (raised WC) (72.8%). Hypertriglyceridemia was found to be the strongest predictor of MetS among our participants (OR: 118.13; 95% CI: 33.79-412.77; P < 0.001). Conclusion Our study discloses a very high prevalence of MetS among the participants, and a significant female predominance, with central obesity the commonest Mets component. The results suggest that hypertriglyceridemia is the strongest predictor of metabolic syndrome in our study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebba S Bojang
- Doctoral Program, Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.,School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kanifing General Hospital, Kanifing, The Gambia
| | - Diana Lyrawati
- Doctoral Program, Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Hidayat Sujuti
- Doctoral Program, Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Djoko Wahono
- Doctoral Program, Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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Cissé K, Samadoulougou DRS, Bognini JD, Kangoye TD, Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F. Using the first nationwide survey on non-communicable disease risk factors and different definitions to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Burkina Faso. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255575. [PMID: 34351987 PMCID: PMC8341491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of cardiovascular diseases is rising in the developing world including Sub-Saharan Africa. The rapid rise of cardiovascular disease burden is in part due to undetected and uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors. The clustering of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases. This complex biochemical disorder is still poorly studied in western Africa. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its determinants among the adult population in Burkina Faso. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of the data from the first national survey on non-communicable diseases risk factors using the World Health Organization (WHO) Stepwise approach. We included 4019 study participants aged 25 to 64 years. The metabolic syndrome prevalence was estimated using six different definitions. RESULTS The mean age was 38.6±11.1 years. Women represented 52.4% and three quarters (75%) lived in rural areas. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the different definitions was 1.6% (95%CI:1.1-2.2) for the American College of Endocrinology, 1.8% (95%CI: 1.3-2.4) for the WHO, 4.3% (95%CI:3.5-5.2) for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, 6.2% (95%CI: 5.1-7.6) for the AAH/NHBI, 9.6%(95%CI: 8.1-11.3) for the International Diabetes Federation and 10.9% (95%: 9.2-12.7) for the Joint Interim Statement. The metabolic syndrome components with the highest prevalence were low High density lipoprotein (63.3%), abdominal obesity (22.3%) and hypertension (20.6%). People living in urban areas and those with older age have higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome regardless of the definition used. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest various levels of prevalence of MetS according to the definition used. Identifying the most appropriate criteria for MetS among the adult population is important to early detect and treat this syndrome and its components at the primary health care level to control the rising burden of cardiovascular diseases in the context of ongoing epidemiological transition in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadari Cissé
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Departement Biomédical et Santé Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Joel Dofinissery Bognini
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Tiga David Kangoye
- Institut national de santé publique (INSP), CNRFP, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Ozdemir C, Aypak C, Gorpelioglu S. The Association of Metabolic Syndrome Components with Anthropometric Measurements. EURASIAN JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.33880/ejfm.2021100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to research the association of metabolic syndrome components with anthropometric measurements like arm circumference, neck circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio, which are applied rarely.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 292 patients in November-December 2019. The arm circumference, neck circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and body mass index measurements of the patients were made. Glucose, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure measurements were also recorded. The association between metabolic syndrome components and anthropometric measurements was analyzed.
Results: Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed in 32.8% of the participants. According to body mass index, 18.6% of the patients were normal, 34.2% were overweight, and 47.2% were obese. There was a significant difference between the patients with and without metabolic syndrome in terms of laboratory parameters, blood pressure values, and anthropometric measurements. In the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, optimal cut-off values for arm circumference, neck circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were determined as 31.75 (AUC=0.703), 34.85 (AUC=0.763), 113.75 (AUC=0.757), 0.90 (AUC=0.701), 0.61 (AUC=0.769) for females while they were 35.75 (AUC=0.573), 39.75 (AUC=0.795), 111.5 (AUC=0.607), 0.96 (AUC=0.888), 0.61 (AUC=0.888) for males respectively.
Conclusion: A significant correlation was detected between arm circumference, neck circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio, and metabolic syndrome components. However, low-density lipoprotein was not correlated with neck circumference and high-density lipoprotein with waist-to-height ratio.
Keywords: metabolic syndrome, anthropometric measurement, body mass index, obesity, lipid profile
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cenk Aypak
- Ankara Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital
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Magnitude, components and predictors of metabolic syndrome in Northern Ethiopia: Evidences from regional NCDs STEPS survey, 2016. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253317. [PMID: 34153079 PMCID: PMC8216523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with metabolic syndrome are five times more susceptible to chronic diseases. Assessment of its magnitude, components, and risk factors is essentials to deploy visible interventions needed to avoid further complications. The study aimed to assess magnitude, components, and predictors of metabolic syndrome in Tigray region northern Ethiopia, 2016. Methods Data were reviewed from Tigray region NCDs STEPs survey data base between May to June 2016. A total of 1476 adults aged 18–64 years were enrolled for the study. Multi-variable regression analysis was performed to estimate the net effect of size to risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of ≤0.05 at 95% confidence interval (CI) for an adjusted odds ratio (AOR). Results The study revealed that unadjusted and adjusted prevalence rate of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) were (CPR = 33.79%; 95%CI: 31.29%–36.36%) and (APR = 34.2%; 95% CI: 30.31%–38.06%) respectively. The most prevalent MetS component was low HDL concentration (CPR = 70.91%; 95%CI: 68.47%–73.27%) and (APR = 70.61; 95%CI; 67.17–74.05). While; high fasting blood glucose (CPR = 20.01% (95%CI: 18.03–22.12) and (APR = 21.72; 95%CI; 18.41–25.03) was the least ones. Eating vegetables four days a week, (AOR = 3.69, 95%CI; 1.33–10.22), a salt sauce added in the food some times (AOR = 5.06, 95%CI; 2.07–12.34), overweight (AOR = 24.28, 95%CI; 10.08–58.47] and obesity (AOR = 38.81; 12.20–111.04) had strong association with MetS. Conclusion The magnitude of metabolic syndrome was found to be close to the national estimate. Community awareness on life style modification based on identified MetS components and risk factors is needed to avoid further complications.
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Tladi D, Mokgatlhe L, Nell T, Shaibu S, Mitchell R, Mokgothu C, Gabonthone T, Hubona O. Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among Batswana Adults in Urban and Semi-Urban Gaborone. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2505-2514. [PMID: 34113142 PMCID: PMC8186999 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s285898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is on the rise in Sub-Saharan Africa, attributed to increased and uncontrollable urbanization accompanied by its lifestyle changes. Non-communicable diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, which are components of the (MetS) are also on the increase in Botswana. To date, no study has determined the prevalence of the MetS in the apparently healthy Batswana adults. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of the MetS among the 25-65-year-old Batswana residing in urban and neighboring semi-urban areas of Gaborone. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was used to collect data from N=794 participants, n=383 men and n=411 women, residing in Gaborone and two surrounding semi-urban areas. Data collected included demographic, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol. RESULTS A high prevalence of 26.8% was reported, with women mostly afflicted (35.0% vs 18.0%). The MetS risk factors found to be common in women were low HDL-C at (50% vs 48.7%) compared to men, while proportions with elevated BP (50.3% vs 39.4%) were prominent in men. The prevalence increased with age, with the oldest age group showing a higher prevalence in both women and men, respectively (55-65 years; 38.5% vs 41.2%). CONCLUSION An unprecedented high MetS prevalence was revealed among perceived to be healthy Batswana adults, with women at a higher risk. This public health concern creates an opportunity to establish evidence of risk factors, develop guidelines and strategies with appropriate public health measures to prevent and control the MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Tladi
- Department of Sport Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Correspondence: Dawn Tladi Department of Sport Science, Private Bag 00702, Gaborone, BotswanaTel +267 71896028Fax +267 3185096 Email
| | - Lucky Mokgatlhe
- Department of Statistics, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Theo Nell
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Integrated Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Sheila Shaibu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Comfort Mokgothu
- Department of Sport Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tebogo Gabonthone
- Department of Sport Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Omphile Hubona
- Department of Sport Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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Oyewande AA, Iqbal B, Abdalla LF, Karim F, Khan S. An Overview of the Pathophysiology of Metabolic Changes and Their Sequence of Occurrence in Obese Diabetic Females: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e10947. [PMID: 33200060 PMCID: PMC7661006 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes both mediate their effects through insulin resistance and frequently co-exist. Insulin resistance is one of the key factors in the development of the metabolic syndrome. Adult females tend to develop obesity more frequently than males. One of the factors causing this difference is the pattern of changes that occur as females age from pre-menopausal to the post-menopausal stage, causing a change in the pattern of accumulation of fats. Several studies have explored and described the association between obesity and metabolic syndrome and their effect on type II diabetes. We conducted our literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar as our primary databases. We selected a total of 49 articles for review after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and removing the duplicate articles. We chose the full-text articles that were published in the English language only. The selected studies were randomized controlled trials and review papers. The reviewed articles showed that visceral fat, central obesity, and fasting blood sugar of post-menopausal is higher than in pre-menopausal women and needs adequate management. More studies are needed in the future to explore the patterns of the metabolic changes in obese females to provide early and better management of diabetes and prevent related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeezat A Oyewande
- Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Family Medicine, Lagos State Health Service Commission/Alimosho General Hospital, Lagos, NGA
| | - Beenish Iqbal
- Pediatric Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lamis F Abdalla
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Fazida Karim
- Psychology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Business & Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, MYS
| | - Safeera Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Zhou T, Zhang Y, Wu C, Shen C, Li J, Liu Z. An Augmented Model with Inferred Blood Features for the Self-diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome. Methods Inf Med 2020; 59:18-30. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives The penetration rate of physical examinations in China is substantially lower than that in developed countries. Therefore, an auxiliary approach that does not depend on hospital health checks for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is needed.
Methods In this study, we proposed an augmented method with inferred blood features that uses self-care inputs available at home for the auxiliary diagnosis of MetS. The dataset used for modeling contained data on 91,420 individuals who had at least 2 consecutive years of health checks. We trained three separate models using a regularized gradient-boosted decision tree. The first model used only home-based features; additional blood test data (including triglyceride [TG] data, fasting blood glucose data, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] data) were included in the second model. However, in the augmented approach, the blood test data were manipulated using multivariate imputation by chained equations prior to inclusion in the third model. The performance of the three models for MetS auxiliary diagnosis was then quantitatively compared.
Results The results showed that the third model exhibited the highest classification accuracy for MetS in comparison with the other two models (area under the curve [AUC]: 3rd vs. 2nd vs. 1st = 0.971 vs. 0.950 vs. 0.905, p < 0.001). We further revealed that with full sets of the three measurements from earlier blood test data, the classification accuracy of MetS can be further improved (AUC: without vs. with = 0.971 vs. 0.993). However, the magnitude of improvement was not statistically significant at the 1% level of significance (p = 0.014).
Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of the third model for MetS homecare applications and lend novel insights into innovative research on the health management of MetS. Further validation and implementation of our proposed model might improve quality of life and ultimately benefit the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of EMR and Intelligent Expert System, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Connected Healthcare Big Data Research Center, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of EMR and Intelligent Expert System, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Connected Healthcare Big Data Research Center, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of EMR and Intelligent Expert System, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shen
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Li
- Engineering Research Center of EMR and Intelligent Expert System, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Connected Healthcare Big Data Research Center, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Arersa KK, Wondimnew T, Welde M, Husen TM. Prevalence and Determinants of Hyperuricemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Jimma Medical Center, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2019. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2059-2067. [PMID: 32606865 PMCID: PMC7308116 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s252825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and determinants of hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetic patients on follow-up at Jimma Medical Center from March 1 to June 30, 2019. METHODS This institution-based cross-sectional study was used to assess the level of serum uric acid in type 2 diabetic patients attending their follow-up at Jimma Medical Center chronic illness clinic. A systematic sampling technique was used to include 287 type 2 diabetic patients in the study and an interviewer-based questionnaire was used to collect important data from each participant. Five milliliters of blood were collected from each participant under sterile conditions and serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. Serum was stored at -20°C and analyzed for serum uric acid using an ABX Pentra 400 clinical chemistry analyzer. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to assess significant associations between hyperuricemia and independent factors. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant in the final model. RESULTS The mean±SD age of the study participants was 51.79±14.36 years. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was found to be 22% (n=66/287) in the study population. Hyperuricemia was common in those aged ≥60 years and males. Obesity (AOR=7.84, 95% CI=2.005-30.666), duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) ≥10 years (AOR=3.963, 95% CI=1.902-8.259), family history of CVD (AOR=2.929, 95% CI=1.124-7.630), alcohol drinking (AOR=5.83, 95% CI=2.341-14.545) and increased DBP (AOR=4.198, 95% CI=1.772-9.949) were determinant variables for hyperuricemia in type 2 DM. CONCLUSION Hyperuricemia was relatively common among type 2 diabetic patients. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was common among patients with obesity, a long duration of DM and increased diastolic blood pressure, and alcohol drinkers. There is a need to raise awareness of lifestyle modification, healthy behavior and early diagnosis of hyperuricemia in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumsa Kene Arersa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Jimma University, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Kumsa Kene Arersa Tel +251-921-593136 Email
| | - Tesaka Wondimnew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Jimma University, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Welde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Jimma University, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Mateos Husen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Jimma University, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Jahangiry L, Khosravi-Far L, Sarbakhsh P, Kousha A, EntezarMahdi R, Ponnet K. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its determinants among Iranian adults: evidence of IraPEN survey on a bi-ethnic population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7937. [PMID: 31138853 PMCID: PMC6538652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing public health concern worldwide. It has been demonstrated that individuals with MetS are at an increased risk of cardiovascular events and diabetes. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of MetS and its components among Turkic and Kurds ethnic groups in a bi-ethnic (Turk and Kurd) population. This cross-sectional study is part of the national health transformation plan created in response to the emerging epidemic of non-communicable diseases (Iran’s Package of Essential Non-communicable Disease study), launched in 2014 in Naqadeh, Iran. In total, 3506 participants aged 30–70 years were randomly included in the study from urban and rural regions. Cardio-metabolic risk factors related to MetS diagnosis and other related sociodemographic factors were assessed for men and women in both the Turk and the Kurd population. Multivariate logistic regressions were applied to identify MetS -associated factors among both the Turk and the Kurd population. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 49.6 (12.3) years. Of the participants, 56.2% (n = 1969) were women, and 43.8% (n = 1537) were men. Three-fifths of the participants were Turk (60.3%, n = 1751). The overall prevalence of MetS was 37.05%, with a higher prevalence in women (49.8% versus 24.3% in men). The prevalence of MetS and its components among Turk people (41.6%) were significantly higher than that among Kurd people (33.9%) (p < 0.0001). In addition, the prevalence of MetS was higher among women, urban, and older people for both ethnicities. Strong associations were found between MetS prevalence and being older, being female, being overweight, being obese, having a higher waist-to-hip ratio, and having a history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the family for both Turks and Kurds. The raised waist circumference (WC) is the most prevalent MetS component for Turk men and women. Meanwhile, the most prevalent MetS component for Kurd participants is low high-density lipoprotein for women and a raised WC for men. Significant differences were found between Kurdish men and women for all components, except for a raised WC and a raised fasting blood glucose (p < 0.05). Because the Iranian population features multiple ethnicities, the recognition of the prevalence of MetS components is a major step in establishing intervention strategies for modifying cardio-metabolic risk factors based on the population ethnicities and their socio-demographic, cultural, and lifestyle factors. We recommend future studies for planning an efficient and sustainable health education and promotion program to halt MetS prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahangiry
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Leila Khosravi-Far
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Kousha
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rasool EntezarMahdi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Koen Ponnet
- Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, IMEC-MICT, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Gezawa ID, Uloko AE, Gwaram BA, Ibrahim DA, Ugwu ET, Mohammed IY. Pattern of Obesity Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at a Tertiary Healthcare Center in Northern Nigeria. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2785-2790. [PMID: 31920358 PMCID: PMC6941682 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s226054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 2 diabetes poses a major global health threat both in the developed and developing countries. Factors responsible for the soaring epidemic of T2DM in the developing countries include urbanization, ageing population, physical inactivity and increasing obesity rates. Our aim was to determine the pattern of obesity among patients with T2DM at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. PATIENTS AND METHODS We consecutively recruited 220 patients with type 2 diabetes attending the diabetes clinic of AKTH for the study. Patients with Type 1 diabetes, patients who could not stand or are wheelchair bound and pregnant women were excluded from the study. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, treatment history for diabetes and history of hypertension from each participant. RESULTS Of the 220 patients recruited for this study, 97(44.1%) were men, while 123(55.9%) were women. The prevalence of generalized obesity among the study participants was 27.4% (women -30.9% vs men- 22.7%, X2=4.76, p=0.190). Grades I. II and III obesity were found in 17.3%, 5.9% and 3.2% of the study participants, respectively. All the participants with grade III obesity were women. Central obesity defined by WC was detected in 111(50.5%) [20(20.6%) men and 91(73.9%) women, X2=1.93, p=0.001]. Obesity defined by WHR was recorded in 182(82.7%) participants [80(43.9%) men and 102(56.0%) women, X2= 1.97, 0.001]. Using a cut-off of ≥0.5, abnormal WhtR was detected in 179(81.4%) [72(40.2%) men and 107(59.8%) women, X2= 5.82, p=0.01], while using a cut-off of ≥0.6, abnormal WhtR was detected in 84(38.2%) participants [29 (34.5%) men and 55(65.5%) women, X2=6.38, p=0.09]. Hypertension was detected in 103(46.8%) participants, with a higher prevalence among women compared with men [46.3. % vs 47.4%, X2= 1.03 p=0.87]. CONCLUSION The prevalence of obesity in our cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes was high. The predominant form of obesity was central obesity, which was most prevalent when indexed by WHR. The WhtR was as good as the WHR, but fared better than WC in detecting central obesity in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim D Gezawa
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
- Correspondence: Ibrahim D Gezawa Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State700001, NigeriaTel +234 803 22150 92 Email
| | - Andrew E Uloko
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Baffa A Gwaram
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Ejiofor T Ugwu
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Idris Y Mohammed
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
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Drummond E, Flynn S, Whelan H, Nongonierma AB, Holton TA, Robinson A, Egan T, Cagney G, Shields DC, Gibney ER, Newsholme P, Gaudel C, Jacquier JC, Noronha N, FitzGerald RJ, Brennan L. Casein Hydrolysate with Glycemic Control Properties: Evidence from Cells, Animal Models, and Humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4352-4363. [PMID: 29638124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence exists to support the role of dairy derived proteins whey and casein in glycemic management. The objective of the present study was to use a cell screening method to identify a suitable casein hydrolysate and to examine its ability to impact glycemia related parameters in an animal model and in humans. Following screening for the ability to stimulate insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, a casein hydrolysate was selected and further studied in the ob/ob mouse model. An acute postprandial study was performed in 62 overweight and obese adults. Acute and long-term supplementation with the casein hydrolysate in in vivo studies in mice revealed a glucose lowering effect and a lipid reducing effect of the hydrolysate (43% reduction in overall liver fat). The postprandial human study revealed a significant increase in insulin secretion ( p = 0.04) concomitant with a reduction in glucose ( p = 0.03). The area under the curve for the change in glucose decreased from 181.84 ± 14.6 to 153.87 ± 13.02 ( p = 0.009). Overall, the data supports further work on the hydrolysate to develop into a functional food product.
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Sekgala MD, Mchiza ZJ, Parker WA, Monyeki KD. Dietary Fiber Intake and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors among Young South African Adults. Nutrients 2018; 10:E504. [PMID: 29670048 PMCID: PMC5946289 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study attempts to bridge the research gap regarding the importance of dietary fiber in reducing metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors in young rural South Africans. A total of 627 individuals (309 males and 318 females) aged 18–30 years participated in the study. Dietary intake was measured using a validated 24-h recall method. The consumption of different types of dietary fiber (total, soluble, and insoluble) was calculated and presented as grams. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profiles were measured according to standard protocols. According to the definition of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the prevalence of MetS was 23.1%. Overall, the total median [interquartile range (IQR)] values for total, insoluble, and soluble fiber consumed were 4.6 g [0.0–48.9], 0.0 g [0.0–18.0], and 0.0 g [0.0–15.0], respectively. Females had a higher median [IQR] intake of total (5.1 g [0.0–48.9] vs. 4.3 g [0.0–43.9]), insoluble (0.0 g [0.0–18.0] vs. 0.0 g [0.0–12.0]), and soluble fiber (0.0 g [0.0–14.9] vs. 0.0 g [0.0–7.3]) than males, respectively. The mean values for waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol were higher in females than males (82.20 cm vs. 75.07 cm; 5.59 mmol/L vs. 5.44 mmol/L; and 4.26 mmol/L vs. 4.03 mmol/L, respectively), with significant differences observed for waist circumference and total cholesterol (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). More than 97% of participants had fiber intakes below the recommended levels. After adjusting for all potential confounders (age, gender, and energy), log total fiber was inversely associated with fasting blood glucose (β = −0.019, 95% CI [−0.042 to 0.003], p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (β = −0.002, 95% CI [−0.050 to 0.002], p < 0.05) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = −0.085, 95% CI [−0.173 to 0.002], p = 0.051) This study may be of public health relevance, providing a potential link between less dietary fiber intake and fasting blood glucose (FBG) and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Therefore, this observational data encourages public health policy measures to increase the consumption of dietary fiber in rural communities in order to lower the burden of MetS and its associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machoene D Sekgala
- Population Health, Health Systems and Innovations, Human Science Research Council, Cape Town 8001, South Africa.
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa.
| | - Zandile J Mchiza
- Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Whadi-Ah Parker
- Population Health, Health Systems and Innovations, Human Science Research Council, Cape Town 8001, South Africa.
| | - Kotsedi D Monyeki
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa.
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Factors associated with cognitive impairment in elderly versus nonelderly patients with metabolic syndrome: the different roles of FGF21. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5174. [PMID: 29581470 PMCID: PMC5980096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels have been found in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is also associated with cognitive decline. However, the correlation between FGF21 and cognitive decline in elderly and nonelderly MetS patients has not been investigated. 116 non-elderly patients (age <65 years old) and 96 elderly patients (≥65 years old) with MetS were enrolled. Blood samples for FGF21 were collected from all participants after 12-hour fasting. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) test. The MoCA score was negatively associated with age and was different among different levels of education in these MetS patients. In the non-elderly group, body mass index (BMI) showed positively correlated with MoCA score while, FGF21 level and HbA1C were negatively associated with the MoCA score in non-elderly MetS patients. BMI was the only factor which showed a negative correlation with the MoCA score in elderly MetS patients. This study demonstrated that FGF21 level was independently associated with cognitive impairment in non-elderly patients but not in elderly patients. The possible role of FGF21 level in cognitive impairment in non-elderly should be confirmed in a prospective study.
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Mazidi M, Vatanparast H. Serum trans-fatty acids level are positively associated with lower food security among american adults. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:17. [PMID: 29549245 PMCID: PMC5856754 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-017-0008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the current study we aimed to assess whether the food security is associated with serum trans-fatty acids (TFAs) and dietary fat. METHODS Analyses were restricted to participants (from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) with data available on serum and diet TFAs and food security status from 2009 to 2010. All statistical analyses (analysis of covariance and linear regression) accounted for the survey design and sample weights. RESULTS We included 3876 participants, overall (48.6%) participants were men, and (51.4%) were women, generally (69.0%) had high food security. Subjects with higher food security had a higher level of education as well (p < 0.001). Age-adjusted, sex-adjusted, race-adjusted, education-adjusted mean of trans 9-octadecenoic acid and trans-9, trans-12-octadecadienoic acid were higher in plasma of participants with lower food security (all p < 0.001), moreover in same model there was a significant positive association between plasma level of trans-11-octadecenoic acid, trans-9-octadecenoic acid and trans-9, trans-12-octadecadienoic acid and score of food security. Further, age, sex, race, education, and energy intake adjusted mean of dietary fatty acids show that total polyunsaturated fatty acids are higher in subjects with higher food security (p = 0.026) while, cholesterol consumption is higher in subjects with lower food security (p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide more evidence on the association between food insecurity and the higher level of TFAs in serum and different type of fat in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, International College, The University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition/School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Mazidi M, Kengne AP, Mikhailidis DP, Cicero AF, Banach M. Effects of selected dietary constituents on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in U.S. adults. Ann Med 2018; 50:1-6. [PMID: 28462631 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2017.1325967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Growing evidence suggests that some of the effects of diet on cardiovascular disease (CVD) occur through mechanisms involving subclinical inflammation. We assessed the relationship between selected dietary constituents and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration in a population-based sample of United States adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, participants were selected from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and restricted to those with available data on dietary intake, biochemical and anthropometric measurements from 2001 to 2010. All statistical analyses accounted for the survey design and sample weights by using SPSS Complex Samples v22.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). RESULTS Of the 17,689 participants analysed, 8607 (48.3%) were men. The mean age was 45.8 years in the overall sample, 44.9 in men and 46.5 in women (p = .047). The age-, race-, sex-, energy intake- and body mass index-adjusted mean dietary intakes of total dietary fibre, polyunsaturated fatty-acids, vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin B6, total folate, vitamin B family, vitamin C, vitamin K, magnesium, iron, copper and potassium monotonically decreased across increasing hsCRP quarters (p < .001 for all), whereas sugar intake increased (p < .001). In analysis of covariance adjusted for potential confounders (age-, race-, sex-, energy intake- and body weight-) hsCRP levels increased across increasing quarters of sugar intake (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence of an association between dietary sugar, polyunsaturated fatty-acids, fibre and antioxidant intake and hsCRP levels, a subclinical inflammation marker. hsCRP concentrations are likely modulated by dietary intake. KEY MESSAGES Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration is positively associated with sugar intake, and negatively with the consumption of minerals, vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty-acids (fruit and vegetables). hsCRP concentrations, and accordingly subclinical inflammation, are likely influenced by dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- a Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology , Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology , College, University of Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing , China
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- c Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit , South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- d Department of Clinical Biochemistry , University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL) , London , UK
| | - Arrigo F Cicero
- e Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Department , Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- f Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.,g Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI) , Lodz , Poland
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Woyesa SB, Hirigo AT, Wube TB. Hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital, South West Ethiopia. BMC Endocr Disord 2017; 17:76. [PMID: 29233152 PMCID: PMC5728062 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-017-0226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors such as diabetes and prediabetes, abdominal obesity, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Hyperuricemia is a condition in which the serum uric acid concentration is greater than 5.5 mg per deciliter for child and greater than 7.2 and 6.0 mg per deciliters for male and female adults respectively. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the magnitude of hyperuricemia and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Hawassa Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HCSH) from February 28 to May 30 /2017. A random sampling technique was used to include 319 study subjects and a signed consent had been provided by each study subject before running any data collection. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and some clinically useful data. In addition to this, we reviewed the records of the study subjects to obtain other useful clinical data. Five milliliter blood specimen was collected from each study subjects after overnight fasting. A25TM Bio-System Random Access chemistry analyzer was used for blood sample analysis. All data were checked visually, coded and entered into epi-data version 3.4 and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Bi-variate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the association between explanatory and the outcome variables. RESULTS The prevalence of hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome among type 2 diabetic patients in the study area were 33.8%(n = 106) and 70.1% (n = 220) respectively. Having age greater or equal to 45 years (AOR: 1.9, CI: 1.-3.2, P value =0.015) and having metabolic syndrome (AOR: 2.6, CI: 1.5-4.7, P value = 0.001) were the determinant variables for hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetic patients. CONCLUSION There was high prevalence of hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetic patients with high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, regular health information about life style modification, early diagnosis and treatment for hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome are essential to reduce hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiferaw Bekele Woyesa
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Bae S, Shimada H, Lee S, Makizako H, Lee S, Harada K, Doi T, Tsutsumimoto K, Hotta R, Nakakubo S, Park H, Suzuki T. The Relationships Between Components of Metabolic Syndrome and Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes: A Cross-Sectional Study of Japanese Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:913-921. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-161230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongryu Bae
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sungchul Lee
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Harada
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kota Tsutsumimoto
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryo Hotta
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sho Nakakubo
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Health CareScience, Dong-A University, Saha, Busan, Korea
| | - Takao Suzuki
- Institute for Gerontology, J.F. Oberlin University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang LH, Liu YC, Hou JS, Wu DA, Hsu BG. Hypoadiponectemia is associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:10515-10521. [PMID: 31966390 PMCID: PMC6965775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-expressed adiponectin levels are inversely related to the degree of adiposity, and a reduction in adiponectin serum levels is accompanied by insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum adiponectin concentration and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Fasting blood samples were obtained from 150 volunteers with type 2 DM. MetS and its components were defined according to diagnostic criteria from the International Diabetes Federation. Serum adiponectin concentrations were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among the 150 patients with type 2 DM, 102 (68.0%) had MetS. Female gender (P = 0.007), hypertension (P = 0.005), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), body weight (P < 0.001), body mass index (BMI, P < 0.001), fasting glucose (P = 0.035), triglyceride (TG) level (P < 0.001), glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c, P = 0.020), insulin level (P < 0.001), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, P < 0.001) were higher in DM patients who had MetS, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations (P < 0.001) and adiponectin levels (P < 0.001) were lower. Univariate linear analysis revealed that logarithmically transformed age (log-age, r = 0.279; P = 0.001) and HDL-C (r = 0.246; P = 0.002) positively correlated, whereas height (r = -0.183; P = 0.025), body weight (r = -0.282; P < 0.001), BMI (r = -0.237; P = 0.004), waist circumference (r = -0.249; P = 0.002), DBP (r = 0.252; P = 0.002), log-TG (r = 0.255; P = 0.002), log-insulin (r = -0.298; P < 0.001), and log-HOMA-IR (r = 0.288; P < 0.001) negatively correlated with serum adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 DM. Multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that log-age (adjusted R2 change = 0.069; P < 0.001) positively correlated, whereas log-insulin (adjusted R2 change = 0.182; P = 0.002) and HDL-C (adjusted R2 change = 0.037; P = 0.006) negatively correlated with serum adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 DM. This study showed that lower serum adiponectin levels were positively associated with MetS in patients with type 2 DM and significantly positively related to age but negatively related to serum insulin and HDL-C levels in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi UniversityHualien, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi UniversityHualien, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sian Hou
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi UniversityHualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General HospitalHualien, Taiwan
| | - Du-An Wu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi UniversityHualien, Taiwan
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General HospitalHualien, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi UniversityHualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General HospitalHualien, Taiwan
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Omuse G, Maina D, Hoffman M, Mwangi J, Wambua C, Kagotho E, Amayo A, Ojwang P, Premji Z, Ichihara K, Erasmus R. Metabolic syndrome and its predictors in an urban population in Kenya: A cross sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2017; 17:37. [PMID: 28676116 PMCID: PMC5496352 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-017-0188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of interrelated risk factors which doubles the risk of cardio-vascular disease (CVD) in 5-10 years and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes 5 fold. The identification of modifiable CVD risk factors and predictors of MetS in an otherwise healthy population is necessary in order to identify individuals who may benefit from early interventions. We sought to determine the prevalence of MetS as defined by the harmonized criteria and its predictors in subjectively healthy black Africans from various urban centres in Kenya. METHOD We used data collected from healthy black Africans in Kenya as part of a global study on establishing reference intervals for common laboratory tests. We determined the prevalence of MetS and its components using the 2009 harmonized criterion. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the area under the curves (AUC) for various predictors of MetS. Youden index was used to determine optimum cut-offs for quantitative measurements such as waist circumference (WC). RESULTS A total of 528 participants were included in the analysis. The prevalence of MetS was 25.6% (95% CI: 22.0%-29.5%). Among the surrogate markers of visceral adiposity, lipid accumulation product was the best predictor of MetS with an AUC of 0.880 while triglyceride was the best predictor among the lipid parameters with an AUC of 0.816 for all participants. The optimal WC cut-off for diagnosing MetS was 94 cm and 86 cm respectively for males and females. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MetS was high for a healthy population highlighting the fact that one can be physically healthy but have metabolic derangements indicative of an increased CVD risk. This is likely to result in an increase in the cases of CVD and type 2 diabetes in Kenya if interventions are not put in place to reverse this trend. We have also demonstrated the inappropriateness of the WC cut-off of 80 cm for black African women in Kenya when defining MetS and recommend adoption of 86 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Omuse
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, P.O. Box 30270-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Maina
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, P.O. Box 30270-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mariza Hoffman
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 19113, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jane Mwangi
- PathCare Kenya Ltd., P.O. Box 12560-00606, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Elizabeth Kagotho
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, P.O. Box 30270-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Angela Amayo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Ojwang
- Department of Pathology, Maseno University, P.O. Box Private Bag, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Zulfiqarali Premji
- Formerly of Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kiyoshi Ichihara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505 Japan
| | - Rajiv Erasmus
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 19113, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Gutch M, Rungta S, Kumar S, Agarwal A, Bhattacharya A, Razi SM. Thyroid functions and serum lipid profile in metabolic syndrome. Biomed J 2017; 40:147-153. [PMID: 28651736 PMCID: PMC6136284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid hormones are known to affect energy metabolism. Many patients of metabolic syndrome have subclinical or clinical hypothyroidism and vice versa. To study the correlation of thyroid profile and serum lipid profile with metabolic syndrome. Method It is a hospital based cross sectional case-control study carried out in tertiary care health center, we studied thyroid functions test and serum lipid profile in 100 metabolic syndrome patients according to IDF criteria and a similar number of age, gender and ethnicity matched healthy controls. Result We found that serum HDL was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in cases (41.28 ± 8.81) as compared to controls (54.00 ± 6.31). It was also found that serum LDL, VLDL, triglyceride levels and total cholesterol were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.001) in cases than controls. Serum TSH levels of subjects in cases group (3.33 ± 0.78) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that of controls (2.30 ± 0.91) and significantly lower levels of T4 (p < 0.001) in the patients of metabolic syndrome (117.45) than in controls (134.64) while higher levels of T3, although statistically insignificant in the patients of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion Thyroid hormones up-regulate metabolic pathways relevant to resting energy expenditure, hence, obesity and thyroid functions are often correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Gutch
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, U.P, India.
| | - Sumit Rungta
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Sukriti Kumar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Avinash Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | | | - Syed Mohd Razi
- Department of Endocrinology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut, U.P, India
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Adeloye D, Ige JO, Aderemi AV, Adeleye N, Amoo EO, Auta A, Oni G. Estimating the prevalence, hospitalisation and mortality from type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015424. [PMID: 28495817 PMCID: PMC5566593 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is not yet a comprehensive evidence-based epidemiological report on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Nigeria. We aimed to estimate country-wide and zonal prevalence, hospitalisation and mortality rates of T2DM in Nigeria. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Africa Journals Online (AJOL) and Google Scholar for population and hospital-based studies on T2DM in Nigeria. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis on extracted crude estimates, and applied a meta-regression epidemiological model, using the United Nations demographics for Nigeria in 1990 and 2015 to determine estimates of diabetes in Nigeria for the two years. RESULTS 42 studies, with a total population of 91 320, met our selection criteria. Most of the studies selected were of medium quality (90.5%). The age-adjusted prevalence rates of T2DM in Nigeria among persons aged 20-79 years increased from 2.0% (95% CI 1.9% to 2.1%) in 1990 to 5.7% (95% CI 5.5% to 5.8%) in 2015, accounting for over 874 000 and 4.7 million cases, respectively. The pooled prevalence rate of impaired glucose tolerance was 10.0% (95% CI 4.5% to 15.6%), while impaired fasting glucose was 5.8% (95% CI 3.8% to 7.8%). Hospital admission rate for T2DM was 222.6 (95% CI 133.1 to 312.1) per 100 000 population with hyperglycaemic emergencies, diabetic foot and cardiovascular diseases being most common complications. The overall mortality rate was 30.2 (95% CI 14.6 to 45.8) per 100 000 population, with a case fatality rate of 22.0% (95% CI 8.0% to 36.0%). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an increasing burden of T2DM in Nigeria with many persons currently undiagnosed, and few known cases on treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davies Adeloye
- Demography and Social Statistics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janet O Ige
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Adewale V Aderemi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi Adeleye
- Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel O Amoo
- Demography and Social Statistics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Asa Auta
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Gbolahan Oni
- Demography and Social Statistics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
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Mazidi M, Gao HK, Vatanparast H, Kengne AP. Impact of the dietary fatty acid intake on C-reactive protein levels in US adults. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5736. [PMID: 28207502 PMCID: PMC5319491 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the effects of diet on cardiovascular disease (CVD) occur through mechanisms involving subclinical inflammation. We assessed whether reported dietary fatty acid intake correlates with a serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentration in a population-based sample of US men and women.In this cross-sectional analysis, participants were selected from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and restricted to those with available data on dietary intake, biochemical and anthropometric measurements from 2001 to 2010. All statistical analyses accounted for the survey design and sample weights by using SPSS Complex Samples v22.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY).Of the 17,689 participants analyzed, 8607 (48.3%) were men. The mean age was 45.8 years in the overall sample, 44.9 years in men, and 46.5 years in women (P = 0.047). The age-, race-, and sex-adjusted mean dietary intakes of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), PUFAs 18:2 (octadecadienoic), and PUFAs 18:3 (octadecatrienoic) monotonically decreased across hs-CRP quartiles (P < 0.001), whereas dietary cholesterol increased across hs-CRP quartiles (P < 0.001)This study provides further evidence of an association between fatty acid intake and subclinical inflammation markers. hs-CRP concentrations are likely modulated by dietary fatty acid intake. However, the causality of this association needs to be demonstrated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, International College, University of Chinese Academy of Science
| | - Hong-Kai Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Naidu S, Ponnampalvanar S, Kamaruzzaman SB, Kamarulzaman A. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among People Living with HIV in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2017; 31:1-13. [PMID: 28051897 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2016.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of components associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of MS in the HIV population is increasing in epidemic proportions globally. However, the magnitude and characteristics of MS are not fully elucidated in developing countries. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the prevalence of MS and its components among people living with HIV (PLWH) in developing countries. Searches were carried out in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, other web sources, and by hand search. Articles were restricted to English language studies reporting on the prevalence of MS among PLWH in developing countries. Eighteen articles were included in the review. The studies were divided into Africa, South America, and Asia regions. The most frequent criterion used in the review was the National Cholesterol Education Program: Adult Treatment Program III 2001 definition. The prevalence of MS among PLWH ranged from 8.4% to 47% across the developing regions and comparable to the overall prevalence across the developed regions (7.8-52.2%). The mean prevalence was 30.5%, 21.5%, and 21.4% in Africa, Asia, and South America, respectively. The most frequent component observed was low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (50.1%). This systematic review provides an essential overview on the distribution of MS in the HIV population across the developing regions. As these prevalences were comparably high in the developed regions, this review highlights the need for more robust research in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraj Naidu
- Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sasheela Ponnampalvanar
- Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzaman
- Division of Geriatric, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Berezin AE, Kremzer A, Berezina T, Martovitskaya Y. The signature of circulating microparticles in heart failure patients with metabolic syndrome. J Circ Biomark 2016; 5:1849454416663659. [PMID: 28936261 PMCID: PMC5548327 DOI: 10.1177/1849454416663659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of pattern of circulating endothelial cell-derived microparticles, platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs), and monocyte-derived microparticles (MMPs) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) is not still understood. The aim of the study was to investigate a pattern of circulating microparticles (MPs) in MetS patients with CHF in relation to neurohumoral and inflammatory activation. The study retrospectively involved 101 patients with MetS and 35 healthy volunteers. Biomarkers were measured at baseline of the study. The results of the study have shown that numerous circulating PMPs- and MMPs in subjects with MetS (with or without CHF) insufficiently distinguished from level obtained in healthy volunteers. We found elevated level of CD31+/annexin V+ MPs in association with lower level of CD62E+ MPs. Therefore, we found that biomarkers of biomechanical stress serum N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide and inflammation (high-sensitive C-reactive protein ,osteoprotegerin) remain statistically significant predictors for decreased CD62E+ to CD31+/annexin V+ ratio in MetS patients with CHF. In conclusion, decreased CD62E+ to CD31+/annexin V+ ratio reflected that impaired immune phenotype of MPs may be discussed as a surrogate marker of CHF development in MetS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Berezin
- Consultant of the Therapeutic Unit, Internal Medicine Department, State Medical University, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Kremzer
- Consultant of the Therapeutic Unit, Internal Medicine Department, State Medical University, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
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Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood: Rare Case of Alstrom Syndrome with Blindness. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 31:480-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s12291-015-0543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wu TT, Chen IJ, Cho SL, Chiou AF. The Relationship Between Health-Promoting Behaviors and Metabolic Syndrome in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Biol Res Nurs 2016; 18:549-57. [PMID: 27340227 DOI: 10.1177/1099800416655882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor health-promoting behaviors increase the risk of chronic disease and disability in older adults. Nevertheless, the predictors of health-promoting behaviors and their relationship with metabolic syndrome have been poorly characterized in older Taiwanese adults. OBJECTIVE To explore the determinants of health-promoting behaviors in community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan and the relationship of health-promoting behaviors with metabolic syndrome. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used. A convenience sample of 200 community residents aged 60 years and over was recruited from two large communities in New Taipei City, Taiwan. Data collection included physical examination and a structured questionnaire including measures of health status, health-promoting behaviors, self-efficacy, social support, and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Metabolic syndrome was found in 60% of older Taiwanese adults. These participants had higher scores in interpersonal relationships but lower scores in physical activity. Half of the health-promoting behaviors were explained by behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and 44% of behavior-specific cognitions and affect was explained by the health status of the older adult. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity should be promoted in older Taiwanese adults. Positive behavior-specific cognitions and affect and better health status might impact the health-promoting behaviors of these adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Wu
- Department of Personnel, Taipei City Government, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Chen
- School of Nursing, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Cho
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Fu Chiou
- School of Nursing, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Onyekwere CA, Ogbera AO, Samaila AA, Balogun BO, Abdulkareem FB. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Synopsis of current developments. Niger J Clin Pract 2016; 18:703-12. [PMID: 26289505 DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.163288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is defined as the accumulation of fat>5% of liver weight is increasingly becoming an important cause of chronic liver disease. This article tries to chronicle advances that have occurred in the understanding of the pathogenesis, pathology as well as the management of this disease. We have done a Medline search on published work on the subject and reviewed major conference proceedings in the preceding years. The Pathogenesis involves a multi-hit process in which increased accumulation of triglycerides in face of insulin resistance results in increased susceptibility to inflammatory damage mediated by increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and gut derived endotoxemia. An interplay of multiple metabolic genetic expression and environmental factors however determine which patient with NAFLD will progress from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver cirrhosis. The minimum criteria for diagnosis of NASH are steatosis, ballooning and lobular inflammation; fibrosis is not required. The NASH Clinical Research Network (CRN), histological scoring system is used to grade and stage the disease for standardization. The management of NAFLD consists of treating liver disease as well as associated metabolic co-morbidities such as obesity, hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patient education is important as their insight and commitment is pivotal, and lifestyle modification is the first line of treatment. Improvement in liver histology in non-diabetic NASH patients has been reported with use of Vitamin E. Other liver-related therapies under investigations include pentoxyfiylins, Caspar inhibitors, Resveratrol as well as probiotics. The prognosis (both overall and liver-related mortality) for simple steatosis is not different from that of the general population however.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Onyekwere
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine/Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria
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Sabir AA, Jimoh A, Iwuala SO, Isezuo SA, Bilbis LS, Aminu KU, Abubakar SA, Saidu Y. Metabolic syndrome in urban city of North-Western Nigeria: prevalence and determinants. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 23:19. [PMID: 27200125 PMCID: PMC4856512 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.23.19.5806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Sokoto metropolis of North-Western Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional community based study was carried out. Four hundred and ten subjects (201 males and 209 females) were recruited for the study using a multi-stage sampling technique. Demographic and the life style data was obtained from the participants. Evaluation of anthropometric variables, fasting blood sugar, lipid profiles, insulin resistance and blood pressure was performed. The classification of metabolic syndrome was based on the NCEP ATP III guidelines. Results The mean (SD) age of the sample population was 39.6 (14.4) years. The mean (SD) age of the male subjects was 38.4(14.9) years and that of the females was 40.8(13.9) years (p> 0.05). The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35.1% with the females having 42.83% and the males 27.36%. The frequencies of metabolic syndrome parameters in the study subjects were low HDL (56.1%), hypertension (46.1%), dysglycemia (32.7%), central obesity (28%), and elevated triglycerides (22.4%). Most of the women had low HDL (62.2%) and central obesity elevated (49.8%). Conclusion Metabolic syndrome is common in residents of North-Western Nigeria, commoner in the females than males. Risk factors for metabolic syndrome should be detected in normal individuals for implementing effective preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Ahmad Sabir
- Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abdulgafar Jimoh
- Pharmacology Department Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | | | - Simeon Alabi Isezuo
- Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria
| | | | - Kaoje Umar Aminu
- Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Sani Atta Abubakar
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Saidu
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Lee S, Ko Y, Kwak C, Yim ES. Gender differences in metabolic syndrome components among the Korean 66-year-old population with metabolic syndrome. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16:27. [PMID: 26803469 PMCID: PMC4724404 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gender is thought to be an important factor in metabolic syndrome and its outcomes. Despite a number of studies that have demonstrated differences in metabolism and its components that are dependent on gender, limited information about gender differences on the characteristics of metabolic syndrome and its components is available regarding the Korean old adult population. This study aimed to identify gender differences in characteristics of the metabolic syndrome and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Methods Secondary analysis of data from a nationwide cross-sectional survey for health examination at the time of transitioning from midlife to old age was performed. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for gender differences among the Korean 66-year-old population with metabolic syndrome. Results Gender differences in metabolic syndrome components that contributed to the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome were identified. In males, the most common component was high blood sugar levels (87.5 %), followed by elevated triglyceride levels (83.5 %) and high blood pressure (83.1 %). In females, the most commonly identified component was elevated triglyceride levels (79.0 %), followed by high blood sugar levels (78.6 %) and high blood pressure (78.5 %). Gender differences for other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including family history, health habits, and body mass index were observed. Conclusions Gender-specific public health policies and management strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease among the older adult population should be developed for Koreans undergoing the physiological transition to old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjin Lee
- Office for Planning and Coordination, Division of Planning and Coordination, Ministry of Health & Welfare, 13, Doum 4-ro, Sejong-si, 339-012, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ko
- College of Nursing, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-799, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chanyeong Kwak
- School of Nursing, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 200-702, South Korea
| | - Eun-Shil Yim
- Department of Nursing, Daegu Health College, Youngsong-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-722, Republic of Korea
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Mutowo MP, Owen AJ, Billah B, Lorgelly PK, Gumbie KE, Mangwiro JC, Renzaho AMN. Burden attributable to Cardiometabolic Diseases in Zimbabwe: a retrospective cross-sectional study of national mortality data. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1213. [PMID: 26644134 PMCID: PMC4672515 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are an important cause of mortality worldwide and the burden associated with them is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa. The tracking of mortality helps support evidence based health policy and priority setting. Given the growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Zimbabwe, a study was designed to determine the mortality attributable to CMDs in Zimbabwe. METHODS The study design was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of national mortality from 1996 to 2007, collated by the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare in Zimbabwe. We employed generalized additive models to flexibly estimate the trend of the CMD mortality and a logistic regression model was used to find significant factors (cause of death according to the death certificate) of the CMD mortality and predict CMD mortality to 2040. RESULTS CMDs accounted for 8.13% (95% CI: 8.08% - 8.18%) of all deaths during 1996 to 2007 (p = 0.005). During the study period CMD mortality rate increased by 29.4% (95% CI: 19.9% - 41.1%). The association between gender and CMD mortality indicated female mortality was higher for diabetes (p < 0.001), hypertensive disease (p < 0.001), CVD (p < 0.001) and pulmonary disease (p < 0.001), while male mortality was higher for ischaemic (p = 0.010) and urinary diseases (p < 0.001). There was no gender difference for endocrine disease (p = 0.893). Overall, females have 1.65% higher mortality than males (p < 0.001). CMD mortality is predicted to increase from 9.6 (95% CI: 8.0% - 11.1%) in 2015 to 13.7% (95% CI: 10.2% - 17.2%) in 2040 for males, and from 11.6% (95% CI: 10.2% - 12.9%) in 2015 to 16.2% (95% CI: 13.1% - 19.3%) in 2040 in females. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate a growing prevalence of CMDs and related mortality in Zimbabwe. Health policy decisions and cost-effective preventive strategies to reduce the burden of CMDs are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsa P Mutowo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
| | - Alice J Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
| | - Baki Billah
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
| | - Paula K Lorgelly
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
| | - Kudzai E Gumbie
- Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries (FIA) , Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - John C Mangwiro
- Zimbabwe Diabetes Association, PO Box 1797, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Andre M N Renzaho
- School of Social Science and Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, 2751, , New South Wales, Australia.
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Berezin AE, Kremzer AA, Berezina TA, Martovitskaya YV. Pattern of circulating microparticles in chronic heart failure patients with metabolic syndrome: Relevance to neurohumoral and inflammatory activation. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 4:69-75. [PMID: 26674662 PMCID: PMC4661711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E. Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, State Medical University, 26, Mayakovsky av., Zaporozhye Postcode 69035, Ukraine
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Ahaneku GI, Ahaneku JE, Osuji CU, Oguejiofor CO, Anisiuba BC, Opara PC. Lipid and Some Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors Assessment in a Rural Community in Eastern Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2015; 5:284-91. [PMID: 26229718 PMCID: PMC4512122 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.160178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous re-evaluation of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (cardiovascular diseases [CVDs]) in developing nations is imperative as it lays foundation for early preventive/intervention measures at grass root level to improve/prevent CVD morbidity and mortality in those nations where health indices still score below the standard. AIM The aim was to assess CVD risk factors as a continuous re-evaluation of these may underscore the need for early intervention measures at grass root level. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 257 apparently healthy inhabitants aged 18-85 years were recruited in a rural community in South Eastern Nigeria by convenient sampling. Blood pressure, waist circumference and blood lipid analysis were done procedurally and data analyzed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software. RESULTS The males were older (59.41 [5.22]) than the females (53.31 [16.90]). 69.2% (133/192) were low level farmers, retirees and dependents. Total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and risk predictive index were higher in females while triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein and very LDL (VLDL) were higher in males. The middle aged and elderly respectively had higher TG and VLDL compared to the young. Aside hypertriglyceridemia, all lipid abnormalities were higher in females than males both singly (high TC: 28.9% [35/121] vs. 16.9% [12/71]; high LDL cholesterol: 52.0% [63/121] vs. 31.0% [22/71]) and in combination hypercholesterolemia with hypertriglyceridemia (42.9% [52/121] vs. 36.6% [26/71]). "Multiple risk factors" also occurred more in females with seeming further increase in older age. CONCLUSION The chances of a female having CVD after menopause seemed to outweigh that of the male. CVD preventive measures should be focused at the primary/community level as a means to curtailing the increasing morbidity and eventual mortality from CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Ahaneku
- Department of Medicine, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria ; Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria ; Teaching Hospital, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - J E Ahaneku
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria ; Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria ; Teaching Hospital, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - C U Osuji
- Department of Medicine, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria ; Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria ; Teaching Hospital, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - C O Oguejiofor
- Department of Medicine, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria ; Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria ; Teaching Hospital, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - B C Anisiuba
- Department of Medicine, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria ; University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria ; University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - P C Opara
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria ; Teaching Hospital, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Predicting Metabolic Syndrome Using the Random Forest Method. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:581501. [PMID: 26290899 PMCID: PMC4531182 DOI: 10.1155/2015/581501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims. This study proposes a computational method for determining the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and to predict its occurrence using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. The Random Forest (RF) method is also applied to identify significant health parameters. Materials and Methods. We used data from 5,646 adults aged between 18–78 years residing in Bangkok who had received an annual health check-up in 2008. MS was identified using the NCEP ATP III criteria. The RF method was applied to predict the occurrence of MS and to identify important health parameters surrounding this disorder. Results. The overall prevalence of MS was 23.70% (34.32% for males and 17.74% for females). RF accuracy for predicting MS in an adult Thai population was 98.11%. Further, based on RF, triglyceride levels were the most important health parameter associated with MS. Conclusion. RF was shown to predict MS in an adult Thai population with an accuracy >98% and triglyceride levels were identified as the most informative variable associated with MS. Therefore, using RF to predict MS may be potentially beneficial in identifying MS status for preventing the development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.
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Alamgir MA, Javid RA, Hameed A, Mustafa I. Gender difference in components of metabolic syndrome among patients of type 2 diabetes. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:886-90. [PMID: 26430423 PMCID: PMC4590352 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.314.6714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia are the integral components that constitute metabolic syndrome. It has emerged as cause of substantial mortality with gender difference. To compare the gender characteristics of metabolic syndrome in subjects of type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS This observational comparative prospective study was conducted in medical ward of BVH Bahawalpur over period of 6 month from January 2014 to June 2014. Sample size of 100 diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetics (comprising equal number of males and females) were collected. As defined by WHO and IDF, variables of metabolic syndrome studied were BMI, hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. The lipid values were interpreted in normal or high risk category by applying NCEP ATPIII criterion. Fasting sample were collected for sugar and lipid profile. Anthropometric, demographic and biochemical data was tabulated. Continuous and categorical variables were displayed as mean ± standard deviation and percentage respectively. Student 't' test was use to assess the difference for the lipid profile at 5% significance level. RESULTS Female patients were found to be overweight, hypertensive and had uncontrolled hyperglycemia as compared to male subjects. Their systolic blood pressure was 150±25.75 and diastolic was 90±17mm/hg. The mean blood glucose concentration was 246.64±105mg/dl. In age group 35-44 years, the mean triglycerides and cholesterol levels in females were 184.54±42.05 and 192.5±34mg/dl respectively. HDL-C was 33.2±5.19mg/dl. In females with age group of 45-54 years, the mean concentration of triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-C were 217.75±77.6mg/dl, 190.95±14.4mg/dl and 31.75±3.8mg/dl respectively, and all were in high risk category when compared to cut off values determined by NCEP/ADA. While in females of age group 55-64 years, the values of TGs, total cholesterol and HDL-C were 204±154.11mg/dl, 200.09± 47.8 mg/dl and 33.4±4.6mg/dl respectively and again all these values were significantly raised. CONCLUSION Female genders were affected in all respects. They had higher BMI, hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia as compared to male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmad Alamgir
- Dr. Muhammad Ahmad Alamgir, MBBS, MCPS, FCPS, DPH, Assistant Professor of Medicine, BVH/QAMC, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ahmad Javid
- Dr. Riaz Ahmad Javid, MBBS, FCPS, Senior Registrar Medicine, BVH, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed
- Dr. Abdul Hameed, MBBS, FCPS Assistant Professor of Medicine, Multan Medical & Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Irum Mustafa
- Dr. Irum Mustafa, Demonstrator, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Prevalence of cardio-metabolic syndrome in Nigeria: a systematic review. Public Health 2015; 129:413-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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