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Wilson M, Al-Hamid A, Abbas I, Birkett J, Khan I, Harper M, Al-Jumeily Obe D, Assi S. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers used in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of quantitative studies. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3009-3019. [PMID: 38637978 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To perform a systematic review of studies that sought to identify diagnostic biomarkers for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes mellitus (DM), which could be used in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where there is a lack of diagnostic equipment, treatments and training. MATERIALS AND METHODS Papers were sourced from six databases: the British Nursing Index, Google Scholar, PubMed, Sage, Science Direct and Scopus. Articles published between January 2002 and January 2023 were systematically reviewed by three reviewers and appropriate search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were yielded, as well as 234 diagnostic biomarkers (74 for CVD and 160 for DM). Primary biomarkers for the diagnosis of CVDs included growth differentiation factor 15 and neurogenic locus notch homologue protein 1 (Notch1). For the diagnosis of DM, alpha-2-macroglobulin, C-peptides, isoleucine, glucose, tyrosine, linoleic acid and valine were frequently reported across the included studies. Advanced analytical techniques, such as liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and vibrational spectroscopy, were also repeatedly reported in the included studies and were utilized in combination with traditional and alternative matrices such as fingernails, hair and saliva. CONCLUSIONS While advanced analytical techniques are expensive, laboratories in LMICs should carry out a cost-benefit analysis of their use. Alternatively, laboratories may want to explore emerging techniques such as infrared, Fourier transform-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy, which allow sensitive noninvasive analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Wilson
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Abdullah Al-Hamid
- Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jason Birkett
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Iftikhar Khan
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthew Harper
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dhiya Al-Jumeily Obe
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sulaf Assi
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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2
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Zupančič B, Ugwoke CK, Abdelmonaem MEA, Alibegović A, Cvetko E, Grdadolnik J, Šerbec A, Umek N. Exploration of macromolecular phenotype of human skeletal muscle in diabetes using infrared spectroscopy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1308373. [PMID: 38189046 PMCID: PMC10769457 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1308373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The global burden of diabetes mellitus is escalating, and more efficient investigative strategies are needed for a deeper understanding of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The crucial role of skeletal muscle in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism makes it one of the most susceptible tissues to diabetes-related metabolic disorders. In tissue studies, conventional histochemical methods have several technical limitations and have been shown to inadequately characterise the biomolecular phenotype of skeletal muscle to provide a holistic view of the pathologically altered proportions of macromolecular constituents. Materials and methods In this pilot study, we examined the composition of five different human skeletal muscles from male donors diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic controls. We analysed the lipid, glycogen, and collagen content in the muscles in a traditional manner with histochemical assays using different staining techniques. This served as a reference for comparison with the unconventional analysis of tissue composition using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as an alternative methodological approach. Results A thorough chemometric post-processing of the infrared spectra using a multi-stage spectral decomposition allowed the simultaneous identification of various compositional details from a vibrational spectrum measured in a single experiment. We obtained multifaceted information about the proportions of the different macromolecular constituents of skeletal muscle, which even allowed us to distinguish protein constituents with different structural properties. The most important methodological steps for a comprehensive insight into muscle composition have thus been set and parameters identified that can be used for the comparison between healthy and diabetic muscles. Conclusion We have established a methodological framework based on vibrational spectroscopy for the detailed macromolecular analysis of human skeletal muscle that can effectively complement or may even serve as an alternative to histochemical assays. As this is a pilot study with relatively small sample sets, we remain cautious at this stage in drawing definitive conclusions about diabetes-related changes in skeletal muscle composition. However, the main focus and contribution of our work has been to provide an alternative, simple and efficient approach for this purpose. We are confident that we have achieved this goal and have brought our methodology to a level from which it can be successfully transferred to a large-scale study that allows the effects of diabetes on skeletal muscle composition and the interrelationships between the macromolecular tissue alterations due to diabetes to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zupančič
- Laboratory for Molecular Structural Dynamics, Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Mohamed Elwy Abdelhamed Abdelmonaem
- Laboratory for Molecular Structural Dynamics, Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Armin Alibegović
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Erika Cvetko
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Grdadolnik
- Laboratory for Molecular Structural Dynamics, Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Šerbec
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Umek
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Mitu B, Cerda M, Hrib R, Trojan V, Halámková L. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Forensic Screening of Long-Term Alcohol Consumption from Human Nails. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22203-22210. [PMID: 37360459 PMCID: PMC10286297 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is used throughout forensic laboratories for many applications. FT-IR spectroscopy can be useful with ATR accessories in forensic analysis for several reasons. It provides excellent data quality combined with high reproducibility, with minimal user-induced variations and no sample preparation. Spectra from heterogeneous biological systems, including the integumentary system, can be associated with hundreds or thousands of biomolecules. The nail matrix of keratin possesses a complicated structure with captured circulating metabolites whose presence may vary in space and time depending on context and history. We developed a new approach by using machine-learning (ML) tools to leverage the potential and enhance the selectivity of the instrument, create classification models, and provide invaluable information saved in human nails with statistical confidence. Here, we report chemometric analysis of ATR FT-IR spectra for the classification and prediction of long-term alcohol consumption from nail clippings in 63 donors. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to create a classification model that was validated against an independent data set which resulted in 91% correctly classified spectra. However, when considering the prediction results at the donor level, 100% accuracy was achieved, and all donors were correctly classified. To the best of our knowledge, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates for the first time the ability of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy to discriminate donors who do not drink alcohol from those who drink alcohol on a regular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilkis Mitu
- Department
of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Migdalia Cerda
- Department
of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Radovan Hrib
- Cannabis
Facility, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical
Research Centre, St. Anne’s University
Hospital, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
- Center
for Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Trojan
- Cannabis
Facility, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical
Research Centre, St. Anne’s University
Hospital, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Halámková
- Department
of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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Delrue C, De Bruyne S, Speeckaert MM. Unlocking the Diagnostic Potential of Saliva: A Comprehensive Review of Infrared Spectroscopy and Its Applications in Salivary Analysis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:907. [PMID: 37373896 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a noninvasive and rapid analytical technique that provides information on the chemical composition, structure, and conformation of biomolecules in saliva. This technique has been widely used to analyze salivary biomolecules, owing to its label-free advantages. Saliva contains a complex mixture of biomolecules including water, electrolytes, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids which are potential biomarkers for several diseases. IR spectroscopy has shown great promise for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, infectious diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease, as well as for drug monitoring. Recent advancements in IR spectroscopy, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy, have further enhanced its utility in salivary analysis. FTIR spectroscopy enables the collection of a complete IR spectrum of the sample, whereas ATR spectroscopy enables the analysis of samples in their native form, without the need for sample preparation. With the development of standardized protocols for sample collection and analysis and further advancements in IR spectroscopy, the potential for salivary diagnostics using IR spectroscopy is vast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Delrue
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander De Bruyne
- Department of Clinical Biology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Alkhuder K. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy: a universal optical sensing technique with auspicious application prospects in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103606. [PMID: 37187270 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are poorly understood clinical syndromes due to breakdown of immune tolerance towards specific types of self-antigens. They are generally associated with an inflammatory response mediated by lymphocytes T, autoantibodies or both. Ultimately, chronic inflammation culminates in tissue damages and clinical manifestations. AIDs affect 5% of the world population, and they represent the main cause of fatality in young to middle-aged females. In addition, the chronic nature of AIDs has a devastating impact on the patient's quality of life. It also places a heavy burden on the health care system. Establishing a rapid and accurate diagnosis is considered vital for an ideal medical management of these autoimmune disorders. However, for some AIDs, this task might be challenging. Vibrational spectroscopies, and more particularly Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, have emerged as universal analytical techniques with promising applications in the diagnosis of various types of malignancies and metabolic and infectious diseases. The high sensitivity of these optical sensing techniques and their minimal requirements for test reagents qualify them to be ideal analytical techniques. The aim of the current review is to explore the potential applications of FTIR spectroscopy in the diagnosis and management of most common AIDs. It also aims to demonstrate how this technique has contributed to deciphering the biochemical and physiopathological aspects of these chronic inflammatory diseases. The advantages that can be offered by this optical sensing technique over the traditional and gold standard methods used in the diagnosis of these autoimmune disorders have also been extensively discussed.
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Caixeta DC, Carneiro MG, Rodrigues R, Alves DCT, Goulart LR, Cunha TM, Espindola FS, Vitorino R, Sabino-Silva R. Salivary ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Support Vector Machine Classification for Screening of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13081396. [PMID: 37189497 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) is highly accurate; however, it is an invasive, high-cost, and painful procedure. In this context, the combination of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and machine learning techniques in other biological samples has been used as an alternative tool to develop a non-invasive, fast, inexpensive, and label-free diagnostic or screening platform for several diseases, including DM. In this study, we used the ATR-FTIR tool associated with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier in order to identify changes in salivary components to be used as alternative biomarkers for the diagnosis of type 2 DM. The band area values of 2962 cm-1, 1641 cm-1, and 1073 cm-1 were higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in non-diabetic subjects. The best classification of salivary infrared spectra was by SVM, showing a sensitivity of 93.3% (42/45), specificity of 74% (17/23), and accuracy of 87% between non-diabetic subjects and uncontrolled type 2 DM patients. The SHAP features of infrared spectra indicate the main salivary vibrational modes of lipids and proteins that are responsible for discriminating DM patients. In summary, these data highlight the potential of ATR-FTIR platforms coupled with machine learning as a reagent-free, non-invasive, and highly sensitive tool for screening and monitoring diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Carvalho Caixeta
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Rodrigues
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Deborah Cristina Teixeira Alves
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luís Ricardo Goulart
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thúlio Marquez Cunha
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia 38408-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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7
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Campanella B, Legnaioli S, Onor M, Benedetti E, Bramanti E. The Role of the Preanalytical Step for Human Saliva Analysis via Vibrational Spectroscopy. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030393. [PMID: 36984834 PMCID: PMC10055013 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is an easily sampled matrix containing a variety of biochemical information, which can be correlated with the individual health status. The fast, straightforward analysis of saliva by vibrational (ATR-FTIR and Raman) spectroscopy is a good premise for large-scale preclinical studies to aid translation into clinics. In this work, the effects of saliva collection (spitting/swab) and processing (two different deproteinization procedures) were explored by principal component analysis (PCA) of ATR-FTIR and Raman data and by investigating the effects on the main saliva metabolites by reversed-phase chromatography (RPC-HPLC-DAD). Our results show that, depending on the bioanalytical information needed, special care must be taken when saliva is collected with swabs because the polymeric material significantly interacts with some saliva components. Moreover, the analysis of saliva before and after deproteinization by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy allows to obtain complementary biological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Campanella
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Legnaioli
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Onor
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Benedetti
- Hematology Unit of Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Bramanti
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-315-2293
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8
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Maiti KS. Non-Invasive Disease Specific Biomarker Detection Using Infrared Spectroscopy: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:2320. [PMID: 36903576 PMCID: PMC10005715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many life-threatening diseases remain obscure in their early disease stages. Symptoms appear only at the advanced stage when the survival rate is poor. A non-invasive diagnostic tool may be able to identify disease even at the asymptotic stage and save lives. Volatile metabolites-based diagnostics hold a lot of promise to fulfil this demand. Many experimental techniques are being developed to establish a reliable non-invasive diagnostic tool; however, none of them are yet able to fulfil clinicians' demands. Infrared spectroscopy-based gaseous biofluid analysis demonstrated promising results to fulfil clinicians' expectations. The recent development of the standard operating procedure (SOP), sample measurement, and data analysis techniques for infrared spectroscopy are summarized in this review article. It has also outlined the applicability of infrared spectroscopy to identify the specific biomarkers for diseases such as diabetes, acute gastritis caused by bacterial infection, cerebral palsy, and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sankar Maiti
- Max–Planck–Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; ; Tel.: +49-289-14054
- Lehrstuhl für Experimental Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Laser-Forschungslabor, Klinikum der Universität München, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152 Planegg, Germany
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Khan RS, Malik H. Diagnostic Biomarkers for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using Spectroscopy Techniques: A Systematic Review. Diseases 2023; 11:16. [PMID: 36810530 PMCID: PMC9944100 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse maternal and foetal consequences, along with the subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and several other diseases. Due to early risk stratification in the prevention of progression of GDM, improvements in biomarker determination for GDM diagnosis will enhance the optimization of both maternal and foetal health. Spectroscopy techniques are being used in an increasing number of applications in medicine for investigating biochemical pathways and the identification of key biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis of GDM. The significance of spectroscopy promises the molecular information without the need for special stains and dyes; therefore, it speeds up and simplifies the necessary ex vivo and in vivo analysis for interventions in healthcare. All the selected studies showed that spectroscopy techniques were effective in the identification of biomarkers through specific biofluids. Existing GDM prediction and diagnosis through spectroscopy techniques presented invariable findings. Further studies are required in larger, ethnically diverse populations. This systematic review provides the up-to-date state of research on biomarkers in GDM, which were identified via various spectroscopy techniques, and a discussion of the clinical significance of these biomarkers in the prediction, diagnosis, and management of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Sannam Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Haroon Malik
- Queens Medical Centre, Jumeirah, Dubai P.O. Box 2652, United Arab Emirates
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10
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Zupančič B, Umek N, Ugwoke CK, Cvetko E, Horvat S, Grdadolnik J. Application of FTIR Spectroscopy to Detect Changes in Skeletal Muscle Composition Due to Obesity with Insulin Resistance and STZ-Induced Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012498. [PMID: 36293355 PMCID: PMC9603871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age, obesity, and diabetes mellitus are pathophysiologically interconnected factors that significantly contribute to the global burden of non-communicable diseases. These metabolic conditions are associated with impaired insulin function, which disrupts the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins and can lead to structural and functional changes in skeletal muscle. Therefore, the alterations in the macromolecular composition of skeletal muscle may provide an indication of the underlying mechanisms of insulin-related disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to reveal the changes in macromolecular composition in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing muscles of old, obese, insulin-resistant, and young streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The efficiency of FTIR spectroscopy was evaluated by comparison with the results of gold-standard histochemical techniques. The differences in biomolecular phenotypes and the alterations in muscle composition in relation to their functional properties observed from FTIR spectra suggest that FTIR spectroscopy can detect most of the changes observed in muscle tissue by histochemical analyses and more. Therefore, it could be used as an effective alternative because it allows for the complete characterization of macromolecular composition in a single, relatively simple experiment, avoiding some obvious drawbacks of histochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zupančič
- Laboratory for Molecular Structural Dynamics, Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Umek
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (N.U.); (J.G.)
| | | | - Erika Cvetko
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Horvat
- Chair for Genetics, Biotechnology and Immunology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Jože Grdadolnik
- Laboratory for Molecular Structural Dynamics, Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (N.U.); (J.G.)
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Poonprasartporn A, Chan KA. Label-free study of intracellular glycogen level in metformin and resveratrol-treated insulin-resistant HepG2 by live-cell FTIR spectroscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 212:114416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Oral lichen planus identification by mid-infrared spectroscopy of oral biofluids: A case-control study. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 530:126-133. [PMID: 35390336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study aims to access the effectiveness of mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy on the identification of the reticular form of OLP, following the assessment of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and oral mucosa transudate (OMT). MATERIAL AND METHODS The trial follows a case-control design. Samples were characterized through MIR spectroscopy and chemometric tools were applied to distinguish between case and control participants, further identifying the spectral regions with the highest contribution to the developed models. RESULTS MIR spectroscopy was capable to discriminate between OLP patients and controls with 95.1% and 85.4% of correct predictions, regarding GCF and OMT samples, respectively. Additionally, the spectral regions mostly contributing to the successful prediction were identified, and possibly related with the distinctive presence of amino acids/proteins and oxidative stress mediators in oral biofluids, supporting the role of the immune-inflammatory activation on OLP etiology and disease course. CONCLUSION MIR spectroscopy analysis of GCF and OMT may be regarded as an innovative, non-invasive, low cost and sensitive technique, contributing to the identification of the reticular from of OLP.
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Predicting Satiety from the Analysis of Human Saliva Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050711. [PMID: 35267343 PMCID: PMC8909147 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to analyze unstimulated saliva as a method to predict satiety in healthy participants. This study also evaluated features in saliva that were related to individual perceptions of human–food interactions. The coefficient of determination (R2) and standard error in cross validation (SECV) for the prediction of satiety in all saliva samples were 0.62 and 225.7 satiety area under the curve (AUC), respectively. A correlation between saliva and satiety was found, however, the quantitative prediction of satiety using unstimulated saliva was not robust. Differences in the MIR spectra of saliva between low and high satiety groups, were observed in the following frequency ratios: 1542/2060 cm−1 (total protein), 1637/3097 cm−1 (α-amino acids), and 1637/616 (chlorides) cm−1. In addition, good to excellent models were obtained for the prediction of satiety groups defined as low or high satiety participants (R2 0.92 and SECV 0.10), demonstrating that this method could be used to identify low or high satiety perception types and to select participants for appetite studies. Although quantitative PLS calibration models were not achieved, a qualitative model for the prediction of low and high satiety perception types was obtained using PLS-DA. Furthermore, this study showed that it might be possible to evaluate human/food interactions using MIR spectroscopy as a rapid and cost-effective tool.
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Muraoka MY, Justino AB, Caixeta DC, Queiroz JS, Sabino-Silva R, Salmen Espindola F. Fructose and methylglyoxal-induced glycation alters structural and functional properties of salivary proteins, albumin and lysozyme. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262369. [PMID: 35061788 PMCID: PMC8782344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation process refers to reactions between reduction sugars and amino acids that can lead to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are related to changes in chemical and functional properties of biological structures that accumulate during aging and diseases. The aim of this study was to perform and analyze in vitro glycation by fructose and methylglyoxal (MGO) using salivary fluid, albumin, lysozyme, and salivary α-amylase (sAA). Glycation effect was analyzed by biochemical and spectroscopic methods. The results were obtained by fluorescence analysis, infrared spectroscopy (total attenuated reflection-Fourier transform, ATR-FTIR) followed by multivariate analysis of principal components (PCA), protein profile, immunodetection, enzymatic activity and oxidative damage to proteins. Fluorescence increased in all glycated samples, except in saliva with fructose. The ATR-FTIR spectra and PCA analysis showed structural changes related to the vibrational mode of glycation of albumin, lysozyme, and salivary proteins. Glycation increased the relative molecular mass (Mr) in protein profile of albumin and lysozyme. Saliva showed a decrease in band intensity when glycated. The analysis of sAA immunoblotting indicated a relative reduction in intensity of its correspondent Mr after sAA glycation; and a decrease in its enzymatic activity was observed. Carbonylation levels increased in all glycated samples, except for saliva with fructose. Thiol content decreased only for glycated lysozyme and saliva with MGO. Therefore, glycation of salivary fluid and sAA may have the potential to identify products derived by glycation process. This opens perspectives for further studies on the use of saliva, an easy and non-invasive collection fluid, to monitor glycated proteins in the aging process and evolution of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Yumiko Muraoka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Douglas Carvalho Caixeta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julia Silveira Queiroz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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15
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Aitekenov S, Sultangaziyev A, Abdirova P, Yussupova L, Gaipov A, Utegulov Z, Bukasov R. Raman, Infrared and Brillouin Spectroscopies of Biofluids for Medical Diagnostics and for Detection of Biomarkers. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1561-1590. [PMID: 35157535 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2036941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This review surveys Infrared, Raman/SERS and Brillouin spectroscopies for medical diagnostics and detection of biomarkers in biofluids, that include urine, blood, saliva and other biofluids. These optical sensing techniques are non-contact, noninvasive and relatively rapid, accurate, label-free and affordable. However, those techniques still have to overcome some challenges to be widely adopted in routine clinical diagnostics. This review summarizes and provides insights on recent advancements in research within the field of vibrational spectroscopy for medical diagnostics and its use in detection of many health conditions such as kidney injury, cancers, cardiovascular and infectious diseases. The six comprehensive tables in the review and four tables in supplementary information summarize a few dozen experimental papers in terms of such analytical parameters as limit of detection, range, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and other figures of merits. Critical comparison between SERS and FTIR methods of analysis reveals that on average the reported sensitivity for biomarkers in biofluids for SERS vs FTIR is about 103 to 105 times higher, since LOD SERS are lower than LOD FTIR by about this factor. High sensitivity gives SERS an edge in detection of many biomarkers present in biofluids at low concentration (nM and sub nM), which can be particularly advantageous for example in early diagnostics of cancer or viral infections.HighlightsRaman, Infrared spectroscopies use low volume of biofluidic samples, little sample preparation, fast time of analysis and relatively inexpensive instrumentation.Applications of SERS may be a bit more complicated than applications of FTIR (e.g., limited shelf life for nanoparticles and substrates, etc.), but this can be generously compensated by much higher (by several order of magnitude) sensitivity in comparison to FTIR.High sensitivity makes SERS a noninvasive analytical method of choice for detection, quantification and diagnostics of many health conditions, metabolites, and drugs, particularly in diagnostics of cancer, including diagnostics of its early stages.FTIR, particularly ATR-FTIR can be a method of choice for efficient sensing of many biomarkers, present in urine, blood and other biofluids at sufficiently high concentrations (mM and even a few µM)Brillouin scattering spectroscopy detecting visco-elastic properties of probed liquid medium, may also find application in clinical analysis of some biofluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Aitekenov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities (SSH), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Alisher Sultangaziyev
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities (SSH), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Perizat Abdirova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities (SSH), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Lyailya Yussupova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities (SSH), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Zhandos Utegulov
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities (SSH), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Rostislav Bukasov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities (SSH), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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16
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Sharma S, Kaur H, Singh R. Sex discrimination from urine traces for forensic purposes using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:1755-1765. [PMID: 35083508 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy are extremely attractive and escalating popularity in the field of body fluid analysis owing to its non-destructive, rapid, and reliable nature. Herein, the present study establishes that how ATR FT-IR spectroscopy could be utilized as a non-destructive, non-invasive, and confirmatory technique for sex discrimination from dry urine traces. Traces of body fluids are of paramount importance to criminal investigations as a major source of individualization by DNA profiling. However, the significance of DNA profiling from urine traces is highly diminished due to the small amount of DNA in urine traces. For that reason, the sex discrimination between the male and female donors is sorely desirable. In this study, ATR FT-IR spectroscopy in combination with partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model unequivocally demonstrated the successful sex discrimination of an individual from dry traces of urine with 95.3% accuracy. PCA-Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) approach provided 85.2% of accuracy; however, PCA could not provide the sufficient findings for the discrimination of male and female urine spectra. The validation study was conducted and obtained 0% rates of false-positive and negative assignments. Additionally, this study also attended to assess the influence of substrates on the analysis of urine traces and results have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety Sharma
- School of Forensic Science LNJN NICFS, National Forensic Science University, Delhi campus, Delhi, 110085, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Rajinder Singh
- School of Forensic Science LNJN NICFS, National Forensic Science University, Delhi campus, Delhi, 110085, India
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17
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Nimer R, Kamel G, Obeidat MA, Dahabiyeh LA. Investigating the molecular structure of plasma in type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy by synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 264:120259. [PMID: 34388428 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality which, in many cases, is derived from the progressive kidney dysfunction due to diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, synchrotron-Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy was used to identify molecular changes in the lipid and protein regions in the plasma of patients with different stages of DN (mild, moderate, severe and end-stage), and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without DN. Our results revealed different conformational changes in the proteins secondary structure between DN stages, and between DN and T2DM groups illustrated by peak shifts and intensity alterations. End-stage DN showed the highest CH2/CH3 ratio and intensity of the carbonyl group in protein-carbonyl region compared to other DN stages indicating high level of unsaturation and lipid peroxidation and oxidation conditions. Moreover, end-stage DN group was characterized by a decrease in amide I and amide II absorption signals which reflected a sign of hypoalbuminemia. When compared to T2DM, DN group demonstrated a higher oxidation state as confirmed via the high intensity of the carbonyl group and the high level of malondialdehyde. The current study highlights the promising role of SR-FTIR microspectroscopy as a new sensitive analytical approach that can be used to provide better understanding of the pathophysiology of DN, and guide the development of new preventive therapies and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refat Nimer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110 Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Gihan Kamel
- SESAME Synchrotron (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), 19252 Allan, Jordan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Motaz A Obeidat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Lina A Dahabiyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan.
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18
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Attenuated total reflection FTIR dataset for identification of type 2 diabetes using saliva. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4542-4548. [PMID: 36090816 PMCID: PMC9428842 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the top 5 non-communicable diseases that occur worldwide according to the World Health Organization. Despite not being a fatal disease, a late diagnosis as well as poor control can cause a fatal outcome, because of that, several studies have been carried out with the aim of proposing additional techniques to the gold standard to assist in the diagnosis and control of this disease in a non-invasive way. Considering the above, and in order to provide a solid starting point for future researches, we share a primary research dataset with 1040 saliva samples obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy considering the Attenuated Total Reflectance method. Database include: gender, age, individuals (patients) with/without diabetes, the glucose value, and the result to the A1C test for the diabetic population. We believe that sharing dataset as is could increase experimentation, research, and analysis of spectra through different strategies broaden its range of applicability by chemists, doctors, physicists, computer scientists, among others, to identify the effects that the virus causes in the body and to propose possible clinical treatments as well as to develop devices that allow us to assist in the characterization of possible carriers.
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19
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Ni D, Smyth HE, Gidley MJ, Cozzolino D. Exploring the relationships between oral sensory physiology and oral processing with mid infrared spectra of saliva. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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21
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Figoli CB, Garcea M, Bisioli C, Tafintseva V, Shapaval V, Gómez Peña M, Gibbons L, Althabe F, Yantorno OM, Horton M, Schmitt J, Lasch P, Kohler A, Bosch A. A robust metabolomics approach for the evaluation of human embryos from in vitro fertilization. Analyst 2021; 146:6156-6169. [PMID: 34515271 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01191j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the most competent embryos for transfer to the uterus constitutes the main challenge of in vitro fertilization (IVF). We established a metabolomic-based approach by applying Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy on 130 samples of 3-day embryo culture supernatants from 26 embryos that implanted and 104 embryos that failed. On examining the internal structure of the data by unsupervised multivariate analysis, we found that the supernatant spectra of nonimplanted embryos constituted a highly heterogeneous group. Whereas ∼40% of these supernatants were spectroscopically indistinguishable from those of successfully implanted embryos, ∼60% exhibited diverse, heterogeneous metabolic fingerprints. This observation proved to be the direct result of pregnancy's multifactorial nature, involving both intrinsic embryonic traits and external characteristics. Our data analysis strategy thus involved one-class modelling techniques employing soft independent modelling of class analogy that identified deviant fingerprints as unsuitable for implantation. From these findings, we could develop a noninvasive Fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy-based approach that represents a shift in the fundamental paradigm for data modelling applied in assisted-fertilization technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Beatriz Figoli
- Laboratorio de Bioespectrosocpia, CINDEFI-CONICET, CCT La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Garcea
- PREGNA Medicina Reproductiva, C1425 AYV Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Bisioli
- PREGNA Medicina Reproductiva, C1425 AYV Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tafintseva
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Mariana Gómez Peña
- PREGNA Medicina Reproductiva, C1425 AYV Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luz Gibbons
- IECS, Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, C1414 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Althabe
- IECS, Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, C1414 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Miguel Yantorno
- Laboratorio de Bioespectrosocpia, CINDEFI-CONICET, CCT La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Marcos Horton
- PREGNA Medicina Reproductiva, C1425 AYV Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Peter Lasch
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens (ZBS) Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit, Robert Koch-Institut, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Alejandra Bosch
- Laboratorio de Bioespectrosocpia, CINDEFI-CONICET, CCT La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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22
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Type 2 diabetes diagnosis assisted by machine learning techniques through the analysis of FTIR spectra of saliva. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Bel'skaya LV, Solomatin DV. Influence of surface tension on the characteristics of FTIR spectra on the example of saliva. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Bel’skaya LV, Sarf EA, Kosenok VK. Analysis of Saliva Lipids in Breast and Prostate Cancer by IR Spectroscopy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1325. [PMID: 34441260 PMCID: PMC8394871 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a method for studying the lipid profile of saliva, combining preliminary extraction and IR spectroscopic detection. The case-control study involved patients with a histologically verified diagnosis of breast and prostate cancer and healthy volunteers. The comparison group included patients with non-malignant pathologies of the breast (fibroadenomas) and prostate gland (prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia). Saliva was used as a material for biochemical studies. It has been shown that the lipid profile of saliva depends on gender, and for males it also depends on the age group. In cancer pathologies, the lipid profile changes significantly and also depends on gender and age characteristics. The ratio of 1458/1396 cm-1 for both breast and prostate cancer has a potential diagnostic value. In both cases, this ratio decreases compared to healthy controls. For prostate cancer, the ratio of 2923/2957 cm-1 is also potentially informative, which grows against the background of prostate pathologies. It is noted that, in all cases, changes in the proposed ratios are more pronounced in the early stages of diseases, which increases the relevance of their study in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V. Bel’skaya
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia;
| | - Elena A. Sarf
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia;
| | - Victor K. Kosenok
- Department of Oncology, Omsk State Medical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia;
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25
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Analysis of the ex-vivo transformation of semen, saliva and urine as they dry out using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11855. [PMID: 34088945 PMCID: PMC8178304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The ex-vivo biochemical changes of different body fluids also referred as aging of fluids are potential marker for the estimation of Time since deposition. Infrared spectroscopy has great potential to reveal the biochemical changes in these fluids as previously reported by several researchers. The present study is focused to analyze the spectral changes in the ATR-FTIR spectra of three body fluids, commonly encountered in violent crimes i.e., semen, saliva, and urine as they dry out. The whole analytical timeline is divided into relatively slow phase I due to the major contribution of water and faster Phase II due to significant evaporation of water. Two spectral regions i.e., 3200–3400 cm−1 and 1600–1000 cm−1 are the major contributors to the spectra of these fluids. Several peaks in the spectral region between 1600 and 1000 cm−1 showed highly significant regression equation with a higher coefficient of determination values in Phase II in contrary to the slow passing Phase I. Principal component and Partial Least Square Regression analysis are the two chemometric tool used to estimate the time since deposition of the aforesaid fluids as they dry out. Additionally, this study potentially estimates the time since deposition of an offense from the aging of the body fluids at the early stages after its occurrence as well as works as the precursor for further studies on an extended timeframe.
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26
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Ni D, Smyth HE, Gidley MJ, Cozzolino D. Towards personalised saliva spectral fingerprints: Comparison of mid infrared spectra of dried and whole saliva samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 253:119569. [PMID: 33610099 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare two sample presentations (dry and whole) as well as the effects of both gender and age on the mid infrared (MIR) fingerprint spectra of human saliva. Unstimulated saliva was collected from 52 Female (31 subjects, aged 40.9 ± 14.6 year) and Male (21 subjects, aged 34 ± 11.8 year) participants, stored frozen, and subsequently thawed and analysed by MIR spectroscopy as whole and dried saliva, respectively. Data were analysed by means of principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) to interpret and compare the effects of presentation (dry vs whole), age and gender on the MIR spectra of saliva. Interpretation of the MIR spectra of both whole and dried samples revealed specific characteristic and different spectral signals when gender and age were compared in the amide I and amide II of proteins (e.g. albumin) and DNA. While whole saliva analysis might be more convenient for rapid test, dried saliva spectra were more consistent across replicates, demonstrating greater ability to distinguish individual differences. The interpretation of the PCA and PLS loadings of both whole and dried saliva samples allowed identification of specific MIR regions associated with age and gender of participants between 1000 cm-1 and 1800 cm-1. In particular, the MIR regions associated with the absorption of polysaccharides, glycosylated proteins, and nucleic acid phosphate groups present in saliva were the most dominant. This paper demonstrates that MIR spectroscopy can be used to measure saliva samples and to interpret individual differences in participants due to age in either dry or whole samples. No clear trends were observed in the MIR spectra of the samples associated with gender when all samples were analysed together. However, PLS regression models were able to predict gender in a subset of samples having similar age. The approach described in this study shows promise for potentially using saliva as a tool in food studies (e.g. saliva interactions between food and consumers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Ni
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heather E Smyth
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia.
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27
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Poonprasartporn A, Chan KLA. Live-cell ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a novel bioanalytical tool for cell glucose metabolism research. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119024. [PMID: 33831457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current novel drug developments for the treatment of diabetes require multiple bioanalytical assays to interrogate the cellular metabolism, which are costly, laborious and time-consuming. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a nondestructive, label-free, sensitive and low-cost technique that is recently found to be suitable for studying living cells. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that live-cell FTIR can be applied to study the differences in glucose metabolism in cells in normal culturing medium and cells treated in high glucose (a diabetes model) in order to highlight the potential of the technique in diabetes research. Live HepG2 cells were treated in normal glucose (3.8 mM; control) or high glucose (25 mM) medium and were measured directly using the FTIR approach. Principal component analysis was used to highlight any possible correlated changes 24, 48 and 72 h after treatments. FTIR spectra of live cell treated in normal and high glucose medium have shown significant differences (p < 0.05) for all treatment time. The control cells have seen an increased in the absorbance at 1088, 1240 and 1400 cm-1, which are associated with phosphate stretching mode vibrations from phosphorylated proteins and DNA back bone; and symmetric stretching mode vibration of COO- from fatty acids, amino acids, lipids and carbohydrate metabolites. However, the high glucose treated cells have shown a different changes in the 1000-1200 cm-1 region, which is linked to the glycogen and ATP:ADP ratio. In conclusion, live-cell FTIR can be a low-cost method for the studies of metabolic changes in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchisa Poonprasartporn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - K L Andrew Chan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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28
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Pérez-Ros P, Navarro-Flores E, Julián-Rochina I, Martínez-Arnau FM, Cauli O. Changes in Salivary Amylase and Glucose in Diabetes: A Scoping Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030453. [PMID: 33800850 PMCID: PMC8001770 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common long-term disease which can be related with salivary amylase levels. DM has recently been associated with salivary amylase diagnostics that could further impair diagnoses in the diabetic population, as well as being an interesting alternative to traditional methods of determine glucose levels. The main advantage of this method is related to the fact that it is a fast diagnostic method. The DM population experiences changes to their metabolism which affects their salivary parameters, making this an alternative procedure for diagnosis and follow-up of the illness due to the non-invasive nature of salivary analyzes. The objective of this review is to summarize the evidence regarding the changes in salivary amylase and glucose levels, and their relationship with blood markers of glycemic control used in clinical settings such as blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. The differences in salivary amylase levels depending on the method of saliva collection under fasting or non-fasting conditions. The changes in salivary amylase depends on the type of diabetes, the type of insulin treatment or the quality of glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS Salivary amylase concentration is increased in diabetic patients in most of the studies and salivary glucose concentration in all studies in both fasting and non-fasting (post-prandial) conditions. Salivary amylase and glucose concentration represent potential non-invasive biomarkers to evaluate glycemic control and clinical management of diabetic patients, although it is necessary to evaluate the influence of potential modulating factors such as age, duration diseases, sex and the effects of pharmacological treatments in these outcomes which remained to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Pérez-Ros
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Research Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.-R.); (E.N.-F.); (I.J.-R.); (F.M.M.-A.)
- Nursing Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Navarro-Flores
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Research Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.-R.); (E.N.-F.); (I.J.-R.); (F.M.M.-A.)
- Nursing Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ivan Julián-Rochina
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Research Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.-R.); (E.N.-F.); (I.J.-R.); (F.M.M.-A.)
- Nursing Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Miguel Martínez-Arnau
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Research Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.-R.); (E.N.-F.); (I.J.-R.); (F.M.M.-A.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Cauli
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Research Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.-R.); (E.N.-F.); (I.J.-R.); (F.M.M.-A.)
- Nursing Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Assessment of Absorption of Glycated Nail Proteins in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56120658. [PMID: 33260342 PMCID: PMC7760767 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Glycation occurs in a variety of human tissues and organs. Knowledge about the relationship between predictive biochemical factors such as absorption of glycated nail proteins and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains limited. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of patients with type 2 DM and DR (n = 32) and a control group (n = 28). Each patient underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. The glycation process in nail clippings was evaluated in stages of in vitro glycation and deglycation stages. ATR–FTIR spectroscopy was used to calculate the infrared absorption in the region of interest. The absorption of solutions with nail clippings was evaluated by NanoDrop spectrophotometry. Absorption spectra differences before and after the exposure to fructosamine 3-kinase were compared between DM patients with DR and the control group. Results: The absorption of glycated nail protein greater than 83.00% increased the chance of developing DM and DR (OR = 15.909, 95% CI 3.914–64.660, p < 0.001). Absorption of glycated nail protein by ATR–FTIR spectroscopy in patients with DM and DR in vitro glycation was statistically significantly higher than in the control group; also absorption of solution with nails by NanoDrop spectroscopy was statistically significantly higher than in controls in vitro glycation and in vitro deglycation. After exposure to fructosamine 3-kinase, absorption of nail protein in DM + severe/proliferative DR group was statistically significantly lower in comparison with DM + mild/moderate group DR. Conclusions: Evaluation of glycated nail protein could be applied to evaluate the risk of having DM and for long-term observation of DM control.
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Derruau S, Robinet J, Untereiner V, Piot O, Sockalingum GD, Lorimier S. Vibrational Spectroscopy Saliva Profiling as Biometric Tool for Disease Diagnostics: A Systematic Literature. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184142. [PMID: 32927716 PMCID: PMC7570680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a biofluid that can be considered as a “mirror” reflecting our body’s health status. Vibrational spectroscopy, Raman and infrared, can provide a detailed salivary fingerprint that can be used for disease biomarker discovery. We propose a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to evaluate the potential of vibrational spectroscopy to diagnose oral and general diseases using saliva as a biological specimen. Literature searches were recently conducted in May 2020 through MEDLINE-PubMed and Scopus databases, without date limitation. Finally, over a period of 10 years, 18 publications were included reporting on 10 diseases (three oral and seven general diseases), with very high diagnostic performance rates in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Thirteen articles were related to six different cancers of the following anatomical sites: mouth, nasopharynx, lung, esophagus, stomach, and breast. The other diseases investigated and included in this review were periodontitis, Sjögren’s syndrome, diabetes, and myocardial infarction. Moreover, most articles focused on Raman spectroscopy (n = 16/18) and more specifically surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (n = 12/18). Interestingly, vibrational spectroscopy appears promising as a rapid, label-free, and non-invasive diagnostic salivary biometric tool. Furthermore, it could be adapted to investigate subclinical diseases—even if developmental studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Derruau
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Département de Biologie Orale, UFR Odontologie, 2 rue du Général Koenig, 51100 Reims, France; (S.D.); (J.R.)
- Pôle de Médecine Bucco-dentaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims, France
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT-EA7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51097 Reims, France; (O.P.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Julien Robinet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Département de Biologie Orale, UFR Odontologie, 2 rue du Général Koenig, 51100 Reims, France; (S.D.); (J.R.)
| | - Valérie Untereiner
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PICT, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51097 Reims, France;
| | - Olivier Piot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT-EA7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51097 Reims, France; (O.P.); (G.D.S.)
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PICT, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51097 Reims, France;
| | - Ganesh D. Sockalingum
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT-EA7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51097 Reims, France; (O.P.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Sandrine Lorimier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Département de Biologie Orale, UFR Odontologie, 2 rue du Général Koenig, 51100 Reims, France; (S.D.); (J.R.)
- Pôle de Médecine Bucco-dentaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims, France
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, GRESPI-EA4694, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, 51687 Reims, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-612162282
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Caixeta DC, Aguiar EMG, Cardoso-Sousa L, Coelho LMD, Oliveira SW, Espindola FS, Raniero L, Crosara KTB, Baker MJ, Siqueira WL, Sabino-Silva R. Salivary molecular spectroscopy: A sustainable, rapid and non-invasive monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus during insulin treatment. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0223461. [PMID: 32182246 PMCID: PMC7077825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of blood glucose is an invasive, painful and costly practice in diabetes. Consequently, the search for a more cost-effective (reagent-free), non-invasive and specific diabetes monitoring method is of great interest. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been used in diagnosis of several diseases, however, applications in the monitoring of diabetic treatment are just beginning to emerge. Here, we used ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate saliva of non-diabetic (ND), diabetic (D) and insulin-treated diabetic (D+I) rats to identify potential salivary biomarkers related to glucose monitoring. The spectrum of saliva of ND, D and D+I rats displayed several unique vibrational modes and from these, two vibrational modes were pre-validated as potential diagnostic biomarkers by ROC curve analysis with significant correlation with glycemia. Compared to the ND and D+I rats, classification of D rats was achieved with a sensitivity of 100%, and an average specificity of 93.33% and 100% using bands 1452 cm-1 and 836 cm-1, respectively. Moreover, 1452 cm-1 and 836 cm-1 spectral bands proved to be robust spectral biomarkers and highly correlated with glycemia (R2 of 0.801 and 0.788, P < 0.01, respectively). Both PCA-LDA and HCA classifications achieved an accuracy of 95.2%. Spectral salivary biomarkers discovered using univariate and multivariate analysis may provide a novel robust alternative for diabetes monitoring using a non-invasive and green technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Caixeta
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emília M G Aguiar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Léia Cardoso-Sousa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Líris M D Coelho
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stephanie W Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Foued S Espindola
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Raniero
- Nanosensor Laboratory, IP&D, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla T B Crosara
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Matthew J Baker
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology & Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Walter L Siqueira
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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32
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Pokrowiecki R, Wojnarowicz J, Zareba T, Koltsov I, Lojkowski W, Tyski S, Mielczarek A, Zawadzki P. Nanoparticles And Human Saliva: A Step Towards Drug Delivery Systems For Dental And Craniofacial Biomaterials. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9235-9257. [PMID: 31819427 PMCID: PMC6886554 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s221608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aims of this study were to investigate new nano-formulations based on ZnO and Ag nanoparticle (NP) compounds when used against clinical strains of oral gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and to examine the stability and behaviour of nano-formulation mixtures in saliva based on different compositions of Ag NPs, ZnO NPs and ZnO+x·Ag NPs. Methods: ZnO NPs with and without nanosilver were obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis. Then, antibacterial activity was evaluated against bacteria isolated from human saliva. Behavior and nanoparticle solutions were evaluated in human saliva and control (artificial saliva and deionized water). Results were statistically compared. Results The NP mixtures had an average size of 30±3 nm, while the commercial Ag NPs had an average size of 55±5 nm. The suspensions displayed differing antibacterial activities and kinetics of destabilisation processes, depending on NPs composition and fluid types. Conclusion The present study showed that all NPs suspensions displayed significant destabilisation and high destabilisation over the 24 h of the analyses. The agglomeration processes of NPs in human saliva can be reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Pokrowiecki
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Surgery and Implantology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland.,Private Practice, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Wojnarowicz
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zareba
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Koltsov
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Lojkowski
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefan Tyski
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mielczarek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Zawadzki
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Surgery and Implantology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) represents an attractive molecular diagnostic modality for translation to the clinic, where comprehensive chemical profiling of biological samples may revolutionize a myriad of pathways in clinical settings. Principally, FT-IR provides a rapid, cost-effective platform to obtain a molecular fingerprint of clinical samples based on vibrational transitions of chemical bonds upon interaction with infrared light. To date, considerable research activities have demonstrated competitive to superior performance of FT-IR strategies in comparison to conventional techniques, with particular promise for earlier, accessible disease diagnostics, thereby improving patient outcomes. However, amidst the changing healthcare landscape in times of aging populations and increased prevalence of cancer and chronic disease, routine adoption of FT-IR within clinical laboratories has remained elusive. Hence, this perspective shall outline the significant clinical potential of FT-IR diagnostics and subsequently address current barriers to translation from the perspective of all stakeholders, in the context of biofluid, histopathology, cytology, microbiology, and biomarker discovery frameworks. Thereafter, future perspectives of FT-IR for healthcare will be discussed, with consideration of recent technological advances that may facilitate future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Finlayson
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Medical Devices and Health Technologies, Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Strathclyde , Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow , Glasgow G4 0NW , U.K.,WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street , Glasgow G1 1RD , U.K
| | - Christopher Rinaldi
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Medical Devices and Health Technologies, Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Strathclyde , Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow , Glasgow G4 0NW , U.K.,WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street , Glasgow G1 1RD , U.K
| | - Matthew J Baker
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street , Glasgow G1 1RD , U.K.,ClinSpec Diagnostics Ltd. , Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street , Glasgow G11RD , U.K
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34
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Morais CLM, Paraskevaidi M, Cui L, Fullwood NJ, Isabelle M, Lima KMG, Martin-Hirsch PL, Sreedhar H, Trevisan J, Walsh MJ, Zhang D, Zhu YG, Martin FL. Standardization of complex biologically derived spectrochemical datasets. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1546-1577. [PMID: 30953040 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are used to study interactions of light with biological materials. This interaction forms the basis of many analytical assays used in disease screening/diagnosis, microbiological studies, and forensic/environmental investigations. Advantages of spectrochemical analysis are its low cost, minimal sample preparation, non-destructive nature and substantially accurate results. However, an urgent need exists for repetition and validation of these methods in large-scale studies and across different research groups, which would bring the method closer to clinical and/or industrial implementation. For this to succeed, it is important to understand and reduce the effect of random spectral alterations caused by inter-individual, inter-instrument and/or inter-laboratory variations, such as variations in air humidity and CO2 levels, and aging of instrument parts. Thus, it is evident that spectral standardization is critical to the widespread adoption of these spectrochemical technologies. By using calibration transfer procedures, in which the spectral response of a secondary instrument is standardized to resemble the spectral response of a primary instrument, different sources of variation can be normalized into a single model using computational-based methods, such as direct standardization (DS) and piecewise direct standardization (PDS); therefore, measurements performed under different conditions can generate the same result, eliminating the need for a full recalibration. Here, we have constructed a protocol for model standardization using different transfer technologies described for FTIR spectrochemical applications. This is a critical step toward the construction of a practical spectrochemical analysis model for daily routine analysis, where uncertain and random variations are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo L M Morais
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
| | - Maria Paraskevaidi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
| | - Li Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Nigel J Fullwood
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Martin Isabelle
- Spectroscopy Products Division, Renishaw plc., New Mills, Wotton-under-Edge, UK
| | - Kássio M G Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Biological Chemistry and Chemometrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Pierre L Martin-Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation, Preston, UK
| | - Hari Sreedhar
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Júlio Trevisan
- Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael J Walsh
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Francis L Martin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
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35
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Aboualizadeh E, Ranji M, Sorenson CM, Sepehr R, Sheibani N, Hirschmugl CJ. Retinal oxidative stress at the onset of diabetes determined by synchrotron FTIR widefield imaging: towards diabetes pathogenesis. Analyst 2018; 142:1061-1072. [PMID: 28210739 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02603f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes that can lead to blindness. In the present study, we aimed to determine the nature of diabetes-induced, highly localized biochemical changes in the neuroretina at the onset of diabetes. High-resolution synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (s-FTIR) wide field microscopy coupled with multivariate analysis (PCA-LDA) was employed to identify biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy with spatial resolution at the cellular level. We compared the retinal tissue prepared from 6-week-old Ins2Akita/+ heterozygous (Akita/+, N = 6; a model of diabetes) male mice with the wild-type (control, N = 6) mice. Male Akita/+ mice become diabetic at 4-weeks of age. Significant differences (P < 0.001) in the presence of biomarkers associated with diabetes and segregation of spectra were achieved. Differentiating IR bands attributed to nucleic acids (964, 1051, 1087, 1226 and 1710 cm-1), proteins (1662 and 1608 cm-1) and fatty acids (2854, 2923, 2956 and 3012 cm-1) were observed between the Akita/+ and the WT samples. A comparison between distinctive layers of the retina, namely the photoreceptor retinal layer (PRL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), inner nucleus layer (INL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) suggested that the photoreceptor layer is the most susceptible layer to oxidative stress in short-term diabetes. Spatially-resolved chemical images indicated heterogeneities and oxidative-stress induced alterations in the diabetic retina tissue morphology compared with the WT retina. In this study, the spectral biomarkers and the spatial biochemical alterations in the diabetic retina and in specific layers were identified for the first time. We believe that the conclusions drawn from these studies will help to bridge the gap in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to the pathobiology of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Biophotonics Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
| | | | - Reyhaneh Sepehr
- Biophotonics Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Carol J Hirschmugl
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA.
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36
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Soft and Robust Identification of Body Fluid Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometric Strategies for Forensic Analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8459. [PMID: 29855535 PMCID: PMC5981217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fluid (BF) identification is a critical part of a criminal investigation because of its ability to suggest how the crime was committed and to provide reliable origins of DNA. In contrast to current methods using serological and biochemical techniques, vibrational spectroscopic approaches provide alternative advantages for forensic BF identification, such as non-destructivity and versatility for various BF types and analytical interests. However, unexplored issues remain for its practical application to forensics; for example, a specific BF needs to be discriminated from all other suspicious materials as well as other BFs, and the method should be applicable even to aged BF samples. Herein, we describe an innovative modeling method for discriminating the ATR FT-IR spectra of various BFs, including peripheral blood, saliva, semen, urine and sweat, to meet the practical demands described above. Spectra from unexpected non-BF samples were efficiently excluded as outliers by adopting the Q-statistics technique. The robustness of the models against aged BFs was significantly improved by using the discrimination scheme of a dichotomous classification tree with hierarchical clustering. The present study advances the use of vibrational spectroscopy and a chemometric strategy for forensic BF identification.
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Staniszewska-Slezak E, Wiercigroch E, Fedorowicz A, Buczek E, Mateuszuk L, Baranska M, Chlopicki S, Malek K. A possible Fourier transform infrared-based plasma fingerprint of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced reversal of endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700044. [PMID: 28700133 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) display vasoprotective activity and represent the cornerstone in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we tested whether Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-based analysis of blood plasma is sensitive to detect vasoprotective effects of treatment with perindopril including reversal of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. For this purpose, plasma samples were collected from untreated db/db mice, db/db mice treated with 2 or 10 mg/kg perindopril and db+ mice. The effect of perindopril on endothelial function was examined in ex vivo aortic rings; 10 mg/kg but not 2 mg/kg of perindopril reversed endothelial dysfunction. In plasma of db/db mice, the balance between conformations of plasma proteins was noted, and treatment with perindopril at a high dose but not at a low dose reversed this effect. This was revealed by amide II/amide I ratio attributed to increased β-sheet formation. Spectral markers at 3010, 1520/1238 cm-1 , representative for unsaturation degree of lipids and phosphorylation of tyrosine, respectively, were also affected by perindopril treatment. In conclusion, although metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus such as hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia strongly affected spectral FTIR profile of diabetic plasma, we identified FTIR features that seem to be associated with the vasoprotective activity of ACE-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Staniszewska-Slezak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wiercigroch
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Fedorowicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Buczek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Mateuszuk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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38
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Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis from cerebrospinal fluids via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1025. [PMID: 29348591 PMCID: PMC5773569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory and degenerative disease of central nervous system. Here, we aimed to develop a method for differential diagnosis of Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients, as well as to identify CIS patients who will progress to RRMS, from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Spectral analyses demonstrated significant differences in the molecular contents, especially in the lipids and Z conformation of DNA of CSF from CIS, CIS to RRMS transformed (TCIS) and RRMS groups. These changes enables the discrimination of diseased groups and controls (individuals with no neurological disease) from each other using hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis. Some CIS samples were consistently clustered in RRMS class, which may indicate that these CIS patients potentially will transform to RRMS over time. Z-DNA band at 795 cm−1 that is existent only in diseased groups and significant increase in carbonyl amount, decrease in amideI/amide II and lipid/protein ratios observed only for RRMS groups can be used as diagnostic biomarkers. The results of the present study shed light on the early diagnosis of RRMS by IR spectroscopy complemented with multivariate analysis tools.
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39
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Temporal diabetes-induced biochemical changes in distinctive layers of mouse retina. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1096. [PMID: 29348593 PMCID: PMC5773523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To discover the mechanisms underlying the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a more comprehensive understanding of the biomolecular processes in individual retinal cells subjected to hyperglycemia is required. Despite extensive studies, the changes in the biochemistry of retinal layers during the development of DR are not well known. In this study, we aimed to determine a more detailed understanding of the natural history of DR in Akita/+ (type 1 diabetes model) male mice with different duration of diabetes. Employing label-free spatially resolved Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) chemical imaging engaged with multivariate analysis enabled us to identify temporal-dependent reproducible biomarkers of the individual retinal layers from mice with 6 weeks,12 weeks, 6 months, and 10 months of age. We report, for the first time, the nature of the biochemical alterations over time in the biochemistry of distinctive retinal layers namely photoreceptor retinal layer (PRL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and plexiform layers (OPL, IPL). Moreover, we present the molecular factors associated with the changes in the protein structure and cellular lipids of retinal layers induced by different duration of diabetes. Our paradigm provides a new conceptual framework for a better understanding of the temporal cellular changes underlying the progression of DR.
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40
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Haas J, Catalán EV, Piron P, Karlsson M, Mizaikoff B. Infrared spectroscopy based on broadly tunable quantum cascade lasers and polycrystalline diamond waveguides. Analyst 2018; 143:5112-5119. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00919h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently emerging broadly tunable quantum cascade lasers (tQCL) emitting in the mid-infrared (MIR) are a versatile alternative to well established thermal emitters in combination with interferometers as applied in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Haas
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
- Department of Engineering Sciences
| | | | - Pierre Piron
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- SE-75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Mikael Karlsson
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- SE-75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
- Molecular Fingerprint Sweden AB
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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41
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Choi S, Birarda G. Protein Mixture Segregation at Coffee-Ring: Real-Time Imaging of Protein Ring Precipitation by FTIR Spectromicroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7359-7365. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Choi
- Center
for Urban Energy Research, Korea Institutes of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Giovanni Birarda
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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42
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Ye S, Ruan P, Yong J, Shen H, Liao Z, Dong X. The impact of the HbA1c level of type 2 diabetics on the structure of haemoglobin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33352. [PMID: 27624402 PMCID: PMC5022022 DOI: 10.1038/srep33352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the impact of HbA1c levels on the structure of haemoglobin (Hb) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Seventy-four diabetic patients were classified into the following two groups based on their level of HbA1c: group A, patients with good glycaemic control (HbA1c < 7.0%, n = 36); group B, patients with persistent hyperglycaemia (HbA1c ≥ 9.0%, n = 38). Thirty-four healthy people served as controls (group H). Hb structure was examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and diabetic erythrocytes were modelled to estimate the impact of glucose on these cells and Hb. Increasing glucose concentrations altered both erythrocyte parameters and the Hb secondary structure. Group B differed significantly from group H (p < 0.05): in the former, the ordered Hb secondary structure had a strong tendency to transform into a disordered secondary structure, decreasing structural stability. We presumed here that high HbA1c levels might be a factor contributing to Hb structural modifications in diabetic patients. FTIR spectral analysis can provide a novel way to investigate the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Ruan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junguang Yong
- Department of Endocrinology, the affiliated outpatient department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- College of Physics and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhihong Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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43
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Simsek Ozek N, Zeller I, Renaud DE, Gümüş P, Nizam N, Severcan F, Buduneli N, Scott DA. Differentiation of Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis by FTIR Spectroscopy. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1472-1478. [PMID: 27608648 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516663696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Without longitudinal clinical data, it is difficult to differentiate some cases of chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP). Furthermore, both forms of disease are exacerbated by tobacco use. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was planned, primarily, to determine the ability of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to distinguish CP and AgP patients by analysis of human saliva samples and, secondarily, to assess the potential confounding influence of smoking on discriminating disease-specific spectral signatures. FTIR spectra were collected from patients with a clinical diagnosis of CP (n = 18; 7 smokers) or AgP (n = 23; 9 smokers). Self-reported smoking status, which may be unreliable, was confirmed by salivary cotinine analysis. Spectral band area analysis and hierarchical cluster analyses were performed to clarify if the 2 periodontitis groups as well as smoker and nonsmoker patients could be differentiated from each other. Significant variations in lipid, amino acid, lactic acid, and nucleic acid content were found between nonsmoker CP and AgP groups. Although significantly lower lipid, phospholipid, protein, amino acid, lactic acid, and nucleic acid content was noted in the smoker AgP group compared with the nonsmoker AgP group, in the CP group, phospholipid, protein, amino acid, and lactic acid content was significantly lower for smokers compared with the nonsmokers. Based on these variations, nonsmoker CP and AgP patients were discriminated from each other with high sensitivity and specificity. Successful differentiation was also obtained for the smoker CP and AgP groups. Thiocyanate levels successfully differentiated smokers from nonsmokers, irrespective of periodontal status, with 100% accuracy. Differentiation of AgP and CP forms, concomitant with determination of smoking status, may allow the dental health professional to tailor treatment accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Simsek Ozek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - I Zeller
- Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - D E Renaud
- Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - P Gümüş
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - N Nizam
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - F Severcan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - D A Scott
- Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Coopman R, Van de Vyver T, Kishabongo AS, Katchunga P, Van Aken EH, Cikomola J, Monteyne T, Speeckaert MM, Delanghe JR. Glycation in human fingernail clippings using ATR-FTIR spectrometry, a new marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus. Clin Biochem 2016; 50:62-67. [PMID: 27598437 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although HbA1c is a good diagnostic tool for diabetes, the precarity of the health system and the costs limit the use of this biomarker in developing countries. Fingernail clippings contain ±85% of keratins, which are prone to glycation. Nail keratin glycation may reflect the average glycemia over the last months. We explored if attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) can be used as a non-invasive tool for assessing glycation in diabetes. DESIGN AND METHODS Using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, glycation and deglycation experiments with fructosamine 3-kinase allowed to identify the spectrum that corresponds with keratin glycation in fingernail clippings. Clippings of 105 healthy subjects and 127 diabetics were subjected to the standardized ATR-FTIR spectroscopy method. RESULTS In vitro glycation resulted in an increased absorption at 1047cm-1. Following enzymatic deglycation, this peak diminished significantly, proving that the AUC between 970 and 1140cm-1 corresponded with glycated proteins. Within-run CV of the assay was 3%. Storage of nail clippings at 37°C for 2weeks did not significantly change results. In diabetics, glycated nail protein concentrations (median: 1.51μmol/g protein, IQR: 1.37-1.85μmol/g protein) were significantly higher than in the controls (median: 1.19μmol/g protein, IQR: 1.09-1.26μmol/g protein) (p<0.0001). ROC analysis yielded an AUC of 0.92 at a cut-off point of 1.28μmol/g nail (specificity: 82%; sensitivity: 90%). No correlation was observed between the glycated nail protein concentrations and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS Protein glycation analysis in fingernails with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy could be an alternative affordable technique for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes. As the test does not consume reagents, and the preanalytical phase is extremely robust, the test could be particularly useful in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaat Coopman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Thijs Van de Vyver
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Antoine Sadiki Kishabongo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Philippe Katchunga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Justin Cikomola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Tinne Monteyne
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.
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45
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Mikkonen JJW, Raittila J, Rieppo L, Lappalainen R, Kullaa AM, Myllymaa S. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Saliva Analysis. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:1502-10. [PMID: 27354404 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816654149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Saliva provides a valuable tool for assessing oral and systemic diseases, but concentrations of salivary components are very small, calling the need for precise analysis methods. In this work, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy using transmission and photoacoustic (PA) modes were compared for quantitative analysis of saliva. The performance of these techniques was compared with a calibration series. The linearity of spectrum output was verified by using albumin-thiocyanate (SCN(-)) solution at different SCN(-) concentrations. Saliva samples used as a comparison were obtained from healthy subjects. Saliva droplets of 15 µL were applied on the silicon sample substrate, 6 drops for each specimen, and dried at 37 ℃ overnight. The measurements were carried out using an FT-IR spectrometer in conjunction with an accessory unit for PA measurements. The findings with both transmission and PA modes mirror each other. The major bands presented were 1500-1750 cm(-1) for proteins and 1050-1200 cm(-1) for carbohydrates. In addition, the distinct spectral band at 2050 cm(-1) derives from SCN(-) anions, which is converted by salivary peroxidases to hypothiocyanate (OSCN(-)). The correlation between the spectroscopic data with SCN(-) concentration (r > 0.990 for transmission and r = 0.967 for PA mode) was found to be significant (P < 0.01), thus promising to be utilized in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jopi J W Mikkonen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Lassi Rieppo
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Reijo Lappalainen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja M Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Research Group of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Educational Dental Clinic, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sami Myllymaa
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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46
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Bunaciu AA, Fleschin Ş, Hoang VD, Aboul-Enein HY. Vibrational Spectroscopy in Body Fluids Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 47:67-75. [PMID: 27404559 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1209104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy offers a unique opportunity to investigate the composition of unknown substances on a molecular basis. The spectroscopy of molecular vibrations using mid-infrared or Raman techniques has been applied to samples of body fluids. This review presents some applications related to body fluids published in the period 2005-2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A Bunaciu
- a SCIENT - Research Center for Instrumental Analysis, (CROMATEC_PLUS S.R.L.) , Tancabesti, Snagov , Romania
| | - Şerban Fleschin
- b Department of Organic Chemistry , Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Vu Dang Hoang
- c Department of Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology , Hanoi University of Pharmacy , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- d Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department , Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre , Dokki, Giza , Egypt
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47
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Baker MJ, Hussain SR, Lovergne L, Untereiner V, Hughes C, Lukaszewski RA, Thiéfin G, Sockalingum GD. Developing and understanding biofluid vibrational spectroscopy: a critical review. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1803-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00585j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofluid vibrational spectroscopy, a promising tool for rapid disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Baker
- WESTChem
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
| | - Shawn R. Hussain
- Equipe MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- CNRS UMR 7369-MEDyC
- UFR de Pharmacie
- 51096 Reims Cedex
| | - Lila Lovergne
- WESTChem
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
| | - Valérie Untereiner
- Equipe MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- CNRS UMR 7369-MEDyC
- UFR de Pharmacie
- 51096 Reims Cedex
| | - Caryn Hughes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | | | - Gérard Thiéfin
- Equipe MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- CNRS UMR 7369-MEDyC
- UFR de Pharmacie
- 51096 Reims Cedex
| | - Ganesh D. Sockalingum
- Equipe MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- CNRS UMR 7369-MEDyC
- UFR de Pharmacie
- 51096 Reims Cedex
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48
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Bottoni U, Tiriolo R, Pullano SA, Dastoli S, Amoruso GF, Nisticò SP, Fiorillo AS. Infrared Saliva Analysis of Psoriatic and Diabetic Patients: Similarities in Protein Components. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015. [PMID: 26208262 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2458967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
GOAL Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease which is very common in the population and requires frequent clinical and pharmacological treatment. In the following, a study based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyzing saliva proteomic components in psoriatic patients against diabetic patients and a control group is presented. Clinical analysis showed a prominent amide II band, at around 1545 cm(-1), and the composition of the amide I band, at around 1647 cm(-1), allowing us to distinguish the infrared salivary signature of psoriatic and diabetic patients from the control group and even from patients with different kinds of psoriasis. Moreover, results highlighted existing differences in the secondary structure composition of proteins between psoriatic and diabetic patients as compared to the control group. In fact, the saliva spectra of the control group and that of the palmoplantar psoriatic patients differ from plaque psoriasis and diabetic patient spectra because of the absence of the amide II band and the presence of different secondary protein-structure conformations.
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49
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Orphanou CM, Walton-Williams L, Mountain H, Cassella J. The detection and discrimination of human body fluids using ATR FT-IR spectroscopy. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 252:e10-6. [PMID: 25944716 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Blood, saliva, semen and vaginal secretions are the main human body fluids encountered at crime scenes. Currently presumptive tests are routinely utilised to indicate the presence of body fluids, although these are often subject to false positives and limited to particular body fluids. Over the last decade more sensitive and specific body fluid identification methods have been explored, such as mRNA analysis and proteomics, although these are not yet appropriate for routine application. This research investigated the application of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy for the detection and discrimination of human blood, saliva, semen and vaginal secretions. The results demonstrated that ATR FT-IR spectroscopy can detect and distinguish between these body fluids based on the unique spectral pattern, combination of peaks and peak frequencies corresponding to the macromolecule groups common within biological material. Comparisons with known abundant proteins relevant to each body fluid were also analysed to enable specific peaks to be attributed to the relevant protein components, which further reinforced the discrimination and identification of each body fluid. Overall, this preliminary research has demonstrated the potential for ATR FT-IR spectroscopy to be utilised in the routine confirmatory screening of biological evidence due to its quick and robust application within forensic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte-Maria Orphanou
- Forensic & Crime Science, Staffordshire University, Science Centre, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 2DF, United Kingdom.
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50
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Effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose--a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101706. [PMID: 25025218 PMCID: PMC4098915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is essential for improved prognosis and effective delay of clinical complications. However, testing for high glycemia often requires invasive and painful blood testing, limiting its large-scale applicability. We have combined new, unpublished data with published data comparing salivary glucose levels in type 2 DM patients and controls and/or looked at the correlation between salivary glucose and glycemia/HbA1c to systematically review the effectiveness of salivary glucose to estimate glycemia and HbA1c. We further discuss salivary glucose as a biomarker for large-scale screening of diabetes or developing type 2 DM. Methods and Findings We conducted a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed published articles that reported data regarding mean salivary glucose levels and/or correlation between salivary glucose levels and glycemia or HbA1c for type 2 DM and non-diabetic individuals and combined them with our own unpublished results. Our global meta-analysis of standardized mean differences on salivary glucose levels shows an overall large positive effect of type 2 DM over salivary glucose (Hedge's g = 1.37). The global correlation coefficient (r) between salivary glucose and glycemia was large (r = 0.49), with subgroups ranging from medium (r = 0.30 in non-diabetics) to very large (r = 0.67 in diabetics). Meta-analysis of the global correlation between salivary glucose and HbA1c showed an overall association of medium strength (r = 0.37). Conclusions Our systematic review reports an overall meaningful salivary glucose concentration increase in type 2 DM and a significant overall relationship between salivary glucose concentration and associated glycemia/HbA1c values, with the strength of the correlation increasing for higher glycemia/HbA1c values. These results support the potential of salivary glucose levels as a biomarker for type 2 DM, providing a less painful/invasive method for screening type 2 DM, as well as for monitoring blood glucose levels in large cohorts of DM patients.
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