1
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Chomiak AA, Tiedemann RL, Liu Y, Kong X, Cui Y, Wiseman AK, Thurlow KE, Cornett EM, Topper MJ, Baylin SB, Rothbart SB. Select EZH2 inhibitors enhance viral mimicry effects of DNMT inhibition through a mechanism involving NFAT:AP-1 signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk4423. [PMID: 38536911 PMCID: PMC10971413 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk4423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi) efficacy in solid tumors is limited. Colon cancer cells exposed to DNMTi accumulate lysine-27 trimethylation on histone H3 (H3K27me3). We propose this Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2)-dependent repressive modification limits DNMTi efficacy. Here, we show that low-dose DNMTi treatment sensitizes colon cancer cells to select EZH2 inhibitors (EZH2is). Integrative epigenomic analysis reveals that DNMTi-induced H3K27me3 accumulates at genomic regions poised with EZH2. Notably, combined EZH2i and DNMTi alters the epigenomic landscape to transcriptionally up-regulate the calcium-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT):activating protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathway. Blocking this pathway limits transcriptional activating effects of these drugs, including transposable element and innate immune response gene expression involved in viral defense. Analysis of primary human colon cancer specimens reveals positive correlations between DNMTi-, innate immune response-, and calcium signaling-associated transcription profiles. Collectively, we show that compensatory EZH2 activity limits DNMTi efficacy in colon cancer and link NFAT:AP-1 signaling to epigenetic therapy-induced viral mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A. Chomiak
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Xiangqian Kong
- Department of Oncology, the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Oncology, the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ashley K. Wiseman
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Kate E. Thurlow
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Evan M. Cornett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael J. Topper
- Department of Oncology, the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Stephen B. Baylin
- Department of Oncology, the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Scott B. Rothbart
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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2
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Di Crosta M, Arena A, Benedetti R, Gilardini Montani MS, Cirone M. 5-AZA Upregulates SOCS3 and PTPN6/SHP1, Inhibiting STAT3 and Potentiating the Effects of AG490 against Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2468-2479. [PMID: 38534772 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, including aberrant DNA methylation occurring at the promoters of oncogenes and oncosuppressor genes and histone modifications, can contribute to carcinogenesis. Aberrant methylation mediated by histone methylatransferases, alongside histones, can affect methylation of proteins involved in the regulation of pro-survival pathways such as JAK/STAT and contribute to their activation. In this study, we used DNA or histone demethylating agents, 5-Azacytidine (5-AZA) or DS-3201 (valemetostat), respectively, to treat primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells, alone or in combination with AG490, a Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor. Cell viability was investigated by trypan blue assay and FACS analysis. The molecular changes induced by 5-AZA and/or AG490 treatments were investigated by Western blot analysis, while cytokine release by PEL cells treated by these drugs was evaluated by Luminex. Statistical analyses were performed with Graphpad Prism® software (version 9) and analyzed by Student's t test or a nonparametric one-way ANOVA test. The results obtained in this study suggest that 5-AZA upregulated molecules that inhibit STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation, namely Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) and tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type (PTPN) 6/Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), reducing STAT3 activation and downregulating several STAT3 pro-survival targets in PEL cells. As this lymphoma is highly dependent on the constitutive activation of STAT3, 5-AZA impaired PEL cell survival, and when used in combination with AG490 JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor, it potentiated its cytotoxic effect. Differently from 5-AZA, the inhibition of the EZH1/2 histone methyltransferase by DS-3201, reported to contribute to STAT3 activation in other cancers, slightly affected STAT3 phosphorylation or survival in PEL cells, either alone or in combination with AG490. This study suggests that 5-AZA, by upregulating the expression level of SOCS3 and PTPN6/SHP1, reduced STAT3 activation and improved the outcome of treatment targeting this transcription factor in PEL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Crosta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
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3
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Geissler F, Nesic K, Kondrashova O, Dobrovic A, Swisher EM, Scott CL, J. Wakefield M. The role of aberrant DNA methylation in cancer initiation and clinical impacts. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359231220511. [PMID: 38293277 PMCID: PMC10826407 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231220511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations, including aberrant DNA methylation, are now recognized as bone fide hallmarks of cancer, which can contribute to cancer initiation, progression, therapy responses and therapy resistance. Methylation of gene promoters can have a range of impacts on cancer risk, clinical stratification and therapeutic outcomes. We provide several important examples of genes, which can be silenced or activated by promoter methylation and highlight their clinical implications. These include the mismatch DNA repair genes MLH1 and MSH2, homologous recombination DNA repair genes BRCA1 and RAD51C, the TERT oncogene and genes within the P15/P16/RB1/E2F tumour suppressor axis. We also discuss how these methylation changes might occur in the first place - whether in the context of the CpG island methylator phenotype or constitutional DNA methylation. The choice of assay used to measure methylation can have a significant impact on interpretation of methylation states, and some examples where this can influence clinical decision-making are presented. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns in circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) are also showing great promise in the context of non-invasive cancer detection and monitoring using liquid biopsies; however, caution must be taken in interpreting these results in cases where constitutional methylation may be present. Thus, this review aims to provide researchers and clinicians with a comprehensive summary of this broad, but important subject, illustrating the potentials and pitfalls of assessing aberrant DNA methylation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Geissler
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ksenija Nesic
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Olga Kondrashova
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Clare L. Scott
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Wakefield
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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4
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Zhu C, Hao Z, Liu D. Reshaping the Landscape of the Genome: Toolkits for Precise DNA Methylation Manipulation and Beyond. JACS AU 2024; 4:40-57. [PMID: 38274248 PMCID: PMC10806789 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in various biological processes and is highly related to multiple diseases. The exact functions of DNA methylation are still puzzling due to its uneven distribution, dynamic conversion, and complex interactions with other substances. Current methods such as chemical- and enzyme-based sequencing techniques have enabled us to pinpoint DNA methylation at single-base resolution, which necessitated the manipulation of DNA methylation at comparable resolution to precisely illustrate the correlations and causal relationships between the functions of DNA methylation and its spatiotemporal patterns. Here a perspective on the past, recent process, and future of precise DNA methylation tools is provided. Specifically, genome-wide and site-specific manipulation of DNA methylation methods is discussed, with an emphasis on their principles, limitations, applications, and future developmental directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyou Zhu
- Engineering
Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Ministry of Education,
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziyang Hao
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical
University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Engineering
Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Ministry of Education,
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Zhu F, Crombie JL, Ni W, Hoang NM, Garg S, Hackett L, Chong SJF, Collins MC, Rui L, Griffin J, Davids MS. Hypomethylating agent decitabine sensitizes diffuse large B-cell lymphoma to venetoclax. Haematologica 2024; 109:186-199. [PMID: 37534528 PMCID: PMC10772509 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the therapy of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), many patients are still not cured. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed. The anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) gene is commonly dysregulated in DLBCL due to various mechanisms such as chromosomal translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) and copy number alterations; however, targeting BCL-2 with the selective inhibitor, venetoclax, led to response in only a minority of patients. Thus, we sought to identify a rational combination partner of venetoclax to improve its activity against DLBCL cells. Utilizing a functional assay, dynamic BH3 profiling, we found that the DNA hypomethylating agent decitabine increased mitochondrial apoptotic priming and BCL-2 dependence in DLBCL cells. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that decitabine suppressed the pro-survival PI3K-AKT pathway and altered the mitochondria membrane composition in DLBCL cell lines. Additionally, it induced a DNA damage response and increased BAX and BAK activities. The combination of decitabine and venetoclax synergistically suppressed proliferation of DLBCL cells both in vitro and in vivo in a DLBCL cell line-derived xenograft mouse model. Our study suggests that decitabine plus venetoclax is a promising combination to explore clinically in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer L Crombie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Nguyet-Minh Hoang
- Department of Medicine and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Swati Garg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Liam Hackett
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen J F Chong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Mary C Collins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Lixin Rui
- Department of Medicine and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - James Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.
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6
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Gelmi MC, Gezgin G, van der Velden PA, Luyten GPM, Luk SJ, Heemskerk MHM, Jager MJ. PRAME Expression: A Target for Cancer Immunotherapy and a Prognostic Factor in Uveal Melanoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:36. [PMID: 38149971 PMCID: PMC10755595 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare disease with a high mortality, and new therapeutic options are being investigated. Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer testis antigen, expressed in the testis, but also in cancers, including uveal melanoma. PRAME is considered a target for immune therapy in several cancers, and PRAME-specific T cell clones have been shown to kill UM cells. Methods We studied the literature on PRAME expression in hematological and solid malignancies, including UM, and its role as a target for immunotherapy. The distribution of tumor features was compared between PRAME-high and PRAME-low UM in a 64-patient cohort from the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) and in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of 80 cases and differential gene expression analysis was performed in the LUMC cohort. Results PRAME is expressed in many malignancies, it is frequently associated with a negative prognosis, and can be the target of T cell receptor (TCR)-transduced T cells, a promising treatment option with high avidity and safety. In UM, PRAME is expressed in 26% to 45% of cases and is correlated with a worse prognosis. In the LUMC and the TCGA cohorts, high PRAME expression was associated with larger diameter, higher Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage, more frequent gain of chromosome 8q, and an inflammatory phenotype. Conclusions We confirm that PRAME is associated with poor prognosis in UM and has a strong connection with extra copies of 8q. We show that PRAME-specific immunotherapy in an adjuvant setting is promising in treatment of malignancies, including UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Gelmi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gulçin Gezgin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sietse J. Luk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martine J. Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Banerjee SM, Acedo P, El Sheikh S, Harati R, Meecham A, Williams NR, Gerard G, Keshtgar MRS, MacRobert AJ, Hamoudi R. Combination of verteporfin-photodynamic therapy with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine enhances the anti-tumour immune response in triple negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188087. [PMID: 38022682 PMCID: PMC10664979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterised by its high tumourigenic, invasive, and immunosuppressive nature. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a focal therapy that uses light to activate a photosensitizing agent and induce a cytotoxic effect. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-ADC) is a clinically approved immunomodulatory chemotherapy agent. The mechanism of the combination therapy using PDT and 5-ADC in evoking an anti-tumour response is not fully understood. Methods The present study examined whether a single dose of 5-ADC enhances the cytotoxic and anti-tumour immune effect of low dose PDT with verteporfin as the photosensitiser in a TNBC orthotopic syngeneic murine model, using the triple negative murine mammary tumour cell line 4T1. Histopathology analysis, digital pathology and immunohistochemistry of treated tumours and distant sites were assessed. Flow cytometry of splenic and breast tissue was used to identify T cell populations. Bioinformatics were used to identify tumour immune microenvironments related to TNBC patients. Results Functional experiments showed that PDT was most effective when used in combination with 5-ADC to optimize its efficacy. 5-ADC/PDT combination therapy elicited a synergistic effect in vitro and was significantly more cytotoxic than monotherapies on 4T1 tumour cells. For tumour therapy, all types of treatments demonstrated histopathologically defined margins of necrosis, increased T cell expression in the spleen with absence of metastases or distant tissue destruction. Flow cytometry and digital pathology results showed significant increases in CD8 expressing cells with all treatments, whereas only the 5-ADC/PDT combination therapy showed increase in CD4 expression. Bioinformatics analysis of in silico publicly available TNBC data identified BCL3 and BCL2 as well as the following anti-tumour immune response biomarkers as significantly altered in TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes: GZMA, PRF1, CXCL1, CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5. Interestingly, molecular biomarker assays showed increase in anti-tumour response genes after treatment. The results showed concomitant increase in BCL3, with decrease in BCL2 expression in TNBC treatment. In addition, the treatments showed decrease in PRF1, CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5 genes with 5-ADC and 5-ADC/PDT treatment in both spleen and breast tissue, with the latter showing the most decrease. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows which of the innate and adaptive immune biomarkers are activated during PDT related treatment of the TNBC 4T1 mouse models. The results also indicate that some of the immune response biomarkers can be used to monitor the effectiveness of PDT treatment in TNBC murine model warranting further investigation in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shramana M. Banerjee
- Breast Unit, Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soha El Sheikh
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amelia Meecham
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Norman R. Williams
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Gerard
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed R. S. Keshtgar
- Breast Unit, Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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8
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Joshi G, Basu A. Epigenetic control of cell signalling in cancer stem cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 383:67-88. [PMID: 38359971 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent one of the distinct cell populations occurring in a tumour that can differentiate into multiple lineages. This group of sparsely abundant cells play a vital role in tumour survival and resistance to different treatments during cancer. The lack of exclusive markers associated with CSCs makes diagnosis and prognosis in cancer patients extremely difficult. This calls for the identification of unique regulators and markers for CSCs. Various signalling pathways like the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, Hedgehog pathway, Notch pathway, and TGFβ/BMP play a major role in the regulation and maintenance of CSCs. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms add another layer of complexity to control these signalling pathways. In this chapter, we discuss about the role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating the cellular signalling pathways in CSCs. The epigenetic regulatory mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNAs can modulate the diverse effectors of signalling pathways and consequently the growth, differentiation and tumorigenicity of CSCs. In the end, we briefly discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting these epigenetic regulators and their target genes in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Joshi
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany.
| | - Amitava Basu
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany.
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9
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Wang S, Liu T, Ren C, Wu W, Zhao Z, Pang S, Zhang Y. Predicting potential small molecule-miRNA associations utilizing truncated schatten p-norm. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad234. [PMID: 37366591 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have significant implications in diverse human diseases and have proven to be effectively targeted by small molecules (SMs) for therapeutic interventions. However, current SM-miRNA association prediction models do not adequately capture SM/miRNA similarity. Matrix completion is an effective method for association prediction, but existing models use nuclear norm instead of rank function, which has some drawbacks. Therefore, we proposed a new approach for predicting SM-miRNA associations by utilizing the truncated schatten p-norm (TSPN). First, the SM/miRNA similarity was preprocessed by incorporating the Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity method. This identified more SM/miRNA similarities and significantly improved the SM-miRNA prediction accuracy. Next, we constructed a heterogeneous SM-miRNA network by combining biological information from three matrices and represented the network with its adjacency matrix. Finally, we constructed the prediction model by minimizing the truncated schatten p-norm of this adjacency matrix and we developed an efficient iterative algorithmic framework to solve the model. In this framework, we also used a weighted singular value shrinkage algorithm to avoid the problem of excessive singular value shrinkage. The truncated schatten p-norm approximates the rank function more closely than the nuclear norm, so the predictions are more accurate. We performed four different cross-validation experiments on two separate datasets, and TSPN outperformed various most advanced methods. In addition, public literature confirms a large number of predictive associations of TSPN in four case studies. Therefore, TSPN is a reliable model for SM-miRNA association prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao Institute of Software, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Tiyao Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao Institute of Software, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Chuanru Ren
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao Institute of Software, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao Institute of Software, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao Institute of Software, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Shanchen Pang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao Institute of Software, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Information and Control Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266580, China
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10
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Anand U, Dey A, Chandel AKS, Sanyal R, Mishra A, Pandey DK, De Falco V, Upadhyay A, Kandimalla R, Chaudhary A, Dhanjal JK, Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Pérez de la Lastra JM. Cancer chemotherapy and beyond: Current status, drug candidates, associated risks and progress in targeted therapeutics. Genes Dis 2023; 10:1367-1401. [PMID: 37397557 PMCID: PMC10310991 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 221.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an abnormal state of cells where they undergo uncontrolled proliferation and produce aggressive malignancies that causes millions of deaths every year. With the new understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) of disease progression, our knowledge about the disease is snowballing, leading to the evolution of many new therapeutic regimes and their successive trials. In the past few decades, various combinations of therapies have been proposed and are presently employed in the treatment of diverse cancers. Targeted drug therapy, immunotherapy, and personalized medicines are now largely being employed, which were not common a few years back. The field of cancer discoveries and therapeutics are evolving fast as cancer type-specific biomarkers are progressively being identified and several types of cancers are nowadays undergoing systematic therapies, extending patients' disease-free survival thereafter. Although growing evidence shows that a systematic and targeted approach could be the future of cancer medicine, chemotherapy remains a largely opted therapeutic option despite its known side effects on the patient's physical and psychological health. Chemotherapeutic agents/pharmaceuticals served a great purpose over the past few decades and have remained the frontline choice for advanced-stage malignancies where surgery and/or radiation therapy cannot be prescribed due to specific reasons. The present report succinctly reviews the existing and contemporary advancements in chemotherapy and assesses the status of the enrolled drugs/pharmaceuticals; it also comprehensively discusses the emerging role of specific/targeted therapeutic strategies that are presently being employed to achieve better clinical success/survival rate in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Arvind K. Singh Chandel
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rupa Sanyal
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (affiliated to West Bengal State University), Kolkata, West Bengal 700056, India
| | - Amarnath Mishra
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Valentina De Falco
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindari, Kishangarh Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana 506007, India
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-D), Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase III, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology-Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - José M. Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA-CSIC, San Cristóbal de La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
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11
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Wnt/β-catenin modulating drugs regulate somatostatin receptor expression and internalization of radiolabelled octreotide in neuroendocrine tumor cells. Nucl Med Commun 2023; 44:259-269. [PMID: 36804512 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), targets for therapy with either unlabeled or radioactively labeled somatostatin analogs (SSA). Associated with worse prognosis, dedifferentiated NET loose SSTR expression, which may be linked to deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on an intracellular level. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway alterations on SSTR expression and its function in NET. METHODS The NET cell lines BON-1 and QGP-1 were incubated with the Wnt-inhibitors 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR), Quercetin, or Niclosamide, or the Wnt activator lithium chloride (LiCl). Expression of SSTR1, SSTR2, and SSTR5 was determined by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), immunocytomicroscopy and western blot. Changes in the Wnt pathway were analyzed by qRT-PCR of selected target genes and the TaqMan Array Human WNT Pathway. Receptor-associated function was determined by measuring the cellular uptake of [125I-Tyr3] octreotide. RESULTS The mRNAs of SSTRs 1-5 were expressed in both cell lines. Wnt inhibitors caused downregulation of Wnt target genes, while 5-aza-CdR had the highest inhibitory effect. LiCl lead to an upregulation of Wnt genes, which was more marked in QGP-1 cells. SSTR expression increased in both cell lines upon Wnt inhibition. All three Wnt inhibitors lead to a marked increase in the specific uptake of [125I-Tyr3]octreotide, with 5-aza-CdR showing the greatest effect (increase by more than 50% in BON-1 cells), while a decreased uptake of [125I-Tyr3]octreotide was seen upon activation of Wnt signaling by LiCl. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate here that Wnt signaling orchestrates SSTR expression and function in a preclinical NET model. Wnt inhibition increases [125I-Tyr3]octreotide uptake offering an opportunity to enhance the efficacy of SSTR-targeted theranostic approaches.
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12
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Marques FK, Sabino ADP. Myelodysplastic neoplasms: An overview on diagnosis, risk-stratification, molecular pathogenesis, and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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13
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Behrouj H, Vakili O, Sadeghdoust A, Aligolighasemabadi N, Khalili P, Zamani M, Mokarram P. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101264. [PMID: 35469237 PMCID: PMC9021360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become the most serious global public health issue in the past two years, requiring effective therapeutic strategies. This viral infection is a contagious disease caused by new coronaviruses (nCoVs), also called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Autophagy, as a highly conserved catabolic recycling process, plays a significant role in the growth and replication of coronaviruses (CoVs). Therefore, there is great interest in understanding the mechanisms that underlie autophagy modulation. The modulation of autophagy is a very complex and multifactorial process, which includes different epigenetic alterations, such as histone modifications and DNA methylation. These mechanisms are also known to be involved in SARS-CoV-2 replication. Thus, molecular understanding of the epigenetic pathways linked with autophagy and COVID-19, could provide novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19 eradication. In this context, the current review highlights the role of epigenetic regulation of autophagy in controlling COVID-19, focusing on the potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Behrouj
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Adel Sadeghdoust
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Aligolighasemabadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parnian Khalili
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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14
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Luo HY, Shen HY, Perkins RS, Wang YX. Adenosine Kinase on Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylation: Adenosine Receptor-Independent Pathway in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:908882. [PMID: 35721189 PMCID: PMC9200284 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.908882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation is an important mechanism contributing to cancer pathology. Methylation of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes has been closely associated with tumor occurrence and development. New insights regarding the potential role of the adenosine receptor-independent pathway in the epigenetic modulation of DNA methylation offer the possibility of new interventional strategies for cancer therapy. Targeting DNA methylation of cancer-related genes is a promising therapeutic strategy; drugs like 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR, decitabine) effectively reverse DNA methylation and cancer cell growth. However, current anti-methylation (or methylation modifiers) are associated with severe side effects; thus, there is an urgent need for safer and more specific inhibitors of DNA methylation (or DNA methylation modifiers). The adenosine signaling pathway is reported to be involved in cancer pathology and participates in the development of tumors by altering DNA methylation. Most recently, an adenosine metabolic clearance enzyme, adenosine kinase (ADK), has been shown to influence methylation on tumor suppressor genes and tumor development and progression. This review article focuses on recent updates on ADK and its two isoforms, and its actions in adenosine receptor-independent pathways, including methylation modification and epigenetic changes in cancer pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yun Luo
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Anorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Ying Shen
- Department of Neuroscience, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, United States.,Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, United States
| | - R Serene Perkins
- Legacy Tumor Bank, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, United States.,Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR, United States
| | - Ya-Xu Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Anorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Czuppa M, Dhingra A, Zhou Q, Schludi C, König L, Scharf E, Farny D, Dalmia A, Täger J, Castillo-Lizardo M, Katona E, Mori K, Aumer T, Schelter F, Müller M, Carell T, Kalliokoski T, Messinger J, Rizzu P, Heutink P, Edbauer D. Drug screen in iPSC-Neurons identifies nucleoside analogs as inhibitors of (G 4C 2) n expression in C9orf72 ALS/FTD. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110913. [PMID: 35675776 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An intronic (G4C2)n expansion in C9orf72 causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia primarily through gain-of-function mechanisms: the accumulation of sense and antisense repeat RNA foci and dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins (poly-GA/GP/GR/PA/PR) translated from repeat RNA. To therapeutically block this pathway, we screen a library of 1,430 approved drugs and known bioactive compounds in patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons (iPSC-Neurons) for inhibitors of DPR expression. The clinically used guanosine/cytidine analogs decitabine, entecavir, and nelarabine reduce poly-GA/GP expression, with decitabine being the most potent. Hit compounds nearly abolish sense and antisense RNA foci and reduce expression of the repeat-containing nascent C9orf72 RNA transcript and its mature mRNA with minimal effects on global gene expression, suggesting that they specifically act on repeat transcription. Importantly, decitabine treatment reduces (G4C2)n foci and DPRs in C9orf72 BAC transgenic mice. Our findings suggest that nucleoside analogs are a promising compound class for therapeutic development in C9orf72 repeat-expansion-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Czuppa
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Ashutosh Dhingra
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Qihui Zhou
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Schludi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Laura König
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Scharf
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Farny
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Anupriya Dalmia
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Täger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Eszter Katona
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Kohji Mori
- Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tina Aumer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Schelter
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Müller
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Carell
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Josef Messinger
- Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, Medicine Design, Espoo, Finland
| | - Patrizia Rizzu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Munich, Germany.
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16
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Hu N, Li W, Hong Y, Zeng Z, Zhang J, Wu X, Zhou K, Wu F. A PD1 targeted nano-delivery system based on epigenetic alterations of T cell responses in the treatment of gastric cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:148-159. [PMID: 35024441 PMCID: PMC8724952 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely examined recently. Although ICIs have been progressively improved for successful gastric cancer treatment, different trials of ICIs such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab have yielded widely variable response rates. Strategies to further improve the efficacy of ICIs are still needed. Previous studies have shown that de novo DNA methylation is acquired by PD1+CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs), which cause a hierarchical downregulation of cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The epigenetic agent 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC) blocks de novo DNA methylation in activated PD1+CD8+ TILs. Such a feature might help enhance the anti-tumor effect of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment. In this study, polyethylene glycol-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) were linked to the anti-programmed death-1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab to yield αPD1-NPs for targeting TILs with PD1 overexpression using DAC. In addition, the NPs increased DAC stability and improved IFN-γ secretion and the anti-tumor effect of ICB in vitro. Therefore, targeted delivery of DAC reverses the exhaustion of PD1+CD8+ TILs and improves T cell responses and the treatment effect of ICB. These findings suggest that nivolumab-NPs are a potential tool for the delivery of epigenetic drugs, which could enhance the anti-tumor effect of ICB in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center of Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Yidong Hong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Zengtao Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Xueyu Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Kangjie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Fenglei Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
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17
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Tatman PD, Wroblewski TH, Fringuello AR, Scherer SR, Foreman WB, Damek DM, Lillehei KO, Jensen RL, Youssef AS, Ormond DR, Graner MW. Targeting DNA Methyl Transferases with Decitabine in Cultured Meningiomas. World Neurosurg 2022; 162:e99-e119. [PMID: 35248772 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meningiomas are a common primary central nervous system tumor that lack a US FDA-approved pharmacotherapy. Approximately 20-35% of meningiomas are classified as higher grade with poor outcome, while patients with lower grade meningiomas are known to have long-term neurological deficits and reduced overall survival. Recent efforts to understand the epigenetic landscape of meningiomas have highlighted the importance of DNA methylation for predicting tumor outcomes and prognosis; therefore, inhibition of these pathways may present a viable therapy for these tumors. METHODS In this study, we perform dose response curves of decitabine, a DNA methyl transferase inhibitor, on patient-cultured tumors and meningioma cell lines. RESULTS Thirty total samples were evaluated, including 24 patient cultured tumors and 6 established meningioma cell lines. Meningiomas were found to have a significant reduction in cell viability after decitabine treatment in a dose dependent manner. The effect was primarily driven by 11 of the 30 tumors in our cohort, or 36.7%. Decitabine significantly reduced cell viability across all grades, tumors from different genders, recurrent and primary tumors, as well as tumors without a history of prior radiation. Surprisingly, our single radiation-induced tumor did demonstrate greater viability after decitabine treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our work has identified a potential drug candidate in decitabine for the treatment of meningiomas regardless of clinical subgroup. These data require further evaluation in pre-clinical models and the conclusions based on clinical subgroups need to be evaluated in a larger cohort to achieve appropriate statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Tatman
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora, Colorado, USA; University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Medical Scientist Training Program, Aurora, Colorado, USA; University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tadeusz H Wroblewski
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora, Colorado, USA; University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Neurology, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony R Fringuello
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Samuel R Scherer
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora, Colorado, USA; University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Neurology, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - William B Foreman
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora, Colorado, USA; University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Neurology, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Denise M Damek
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Neurology, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kevin O Lillehei
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Randy L Jensen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Department of Neurosurgery, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - A Samy Youssef
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - D Ryan Ormond
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael W Graner
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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18
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Gupta S, Lafontaine DL, Vigneau S, Mendelevich A, Vinogradova S, Igarashi KJ, Bortvin A, Alves-Pereira CF, Nag A, Gimelbrant AA. RNA sequencing-based screen for reactivation of silenced alleles of autosomal genes. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:6472352. [PMID: 35100361 PMCID: PMC9210281 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, maternal and paternal alleles usually have similar transcriptional activity. Epigenetic mechanisms such as X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) and imprinting were historically viewed as rare exceptions to this rule. Discovery of autosomal monoallelic autosomal expression (MAE) a decade ago revealed an additional allele-specific mode regulating thousands of mammalian genes. Despite MAE prevalence, its mechanistic basis remains unknown. Using an RNA sequencing-based screen for reactivation of silenced alleles, we identified DNA methylation as key mechanism of MAE mitotic maintenance. In contrast with the all-or-nothing allelic choice in XCI, allele-specific expression in MAE loci is tunable, with exact allelic imbalance dependent on the extent of DNA methylation. In a subset of MAE genes, allelic imbalance was insensitive to DNA demethylation, implicating additional mechanisms in MAE maintenance in these loci. Our findings identify a key mechanism of MAE maintenance and provide basis for understanding the biological role of MAE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sebastien Vigneau
- Department of Cancer Biology and Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Asia Mendelevich
- Department of Cancer Biology and Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Svetlana Vinogradova
- Department of Cancer Biology and Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA
| | - Kyomi J Igarashi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA
| | - Andrew Bortvin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA
| | - Clara F Alves-Pereira
- Department of Cancer Biology and Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anwesha Nag
- Department of Cancer Biology and Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA
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Liang Y, Turcan S. Epigenetic Drugs and Their Immune Modulating Potential in Cancers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020211. [PMID: 35203421 PMCID: PMC8868629 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic drugs are used for the clinical treatment of hematologic malignancies; however, their therapeutic potential in solid tumors is still under investigation. Current evidence suggests that epigenetic drugs may lead to antitumor immunity by increasing antigen presentation and may enhance the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we highlight their impact on the tumor epigenome and discuss the recent evidence that epigenetic agents may optimize the immune microenvironment and promote antiviral response.
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20
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Inhibitors of DNA Methylation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1389:471-513. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11454-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Feerick CL, McKernan DP. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors increase NOD-like receptor activity and expression in a monocytic cell line. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 44:99-109. [PMID: 34881658 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.2007264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: The intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR) family of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRa) is involved in initiating the innate immune response of which NOD1 and NOD2 are the best-characterized members. Aberrant expression of NOD1 and NOD2 has been uncovered in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the mechanism underlying NOD1/NOD2 gene expression regulation is still in its infancy. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation regulate the expression of genes and alterations in their patterns have been linked to many inflammatory diseases. This study investigated whether epigenetic modifying drugs affect the regulation of NOD1/NOD2 activity and expression. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors have recently been used in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome and as combination therapy in cancer but the full extent of their effects has not been quantified.Methods: Pharmacological inhibition of epigenetic enzymes in a human monocytic THP-1 cell line was carried out and NOD1/NOD2 expression and pro-inflammatory responses were quantified.Results: Cells primed with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (but not a histone deacetylase [HDAC] inhibitor) were found to be consistently more responsive to NOD1/NOD2 stimulation and had increased basal expression.Conclusion: The novel experimentation carried out here suggests for the first time that NOD1/NOD2 receptor activity and expression in monocytes are possibly regulated directly by DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Feerick
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Declan P McKernan
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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22
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Hattori N, Asada K, Miyajima N, Mori A, Nakanishi Y, Kimura K, Wakabayashi M, Takeshima H, Nitani C, Hara J, Ushijima T. Combination of a synthetic retinoid and a DNA demethylating agent induced differentiation of neuroblastoma through retinoic acid signal reprogramming. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1647-1656. [PMID: 34635821 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CpG island methylator phenotype of neuroblastoma (NBL) is strongly associated with poor prognosis and can be targeted by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). Differentiation therapy is a standard maintenance therapy for high-risk NBLs. However, the in vivo effect of tamibarotene, a synthetic retinoic acid, and the efficacy of its combination with 5-aza-dC have not been studied. Here, we conducted a preclinical study to assess the in vivo tamibarotene effect and the combination. METHODS Treatment effects were analysed by in vitro cell growth and differentiation state and by in vivo xenograft suppression. Demethylated genes were analysed by DNA methylation microarrays and geneset enrichment. RESULTS Tamibarotene monotherapy induced neural extension and upregulation of differentiation markers of NBL cells in vitro, and tumour regression without severe side effects in vivo. 5-Aza-dC monotherapy suppressed tumour growth both in vitro and in vivo, and induced demethylation of genes related to nervous system development and function. Pre-treatment with 5-aza-dC in vitro enhanced upregulation of differentiation markers and genes involved in retinoic acid signaling. Pre-treatment with 5-aza-dC in vivo significantly suppressed tumour growth and reduced the variation in tumour sizes. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic drug-based differentiation therapy using 5-aza-dC and TBT is a promising strategy for refractory NBLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Asada
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Miyajima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Mori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakanishi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Kimura
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Wakabayashi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chika Nitani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Hara
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm) have been associated with stress responses and increased vulnerability to depression. Abnormal DNAm is observed in stressed animals and depressed individuals. Antidepressant treatment modulates DNAm levels and regulates gene expression in diverse tissues, including the brain and the blood. Therefore, DNAm could be a potential therapeutic target in depression. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge about the involvement of DNAm in the behavioural and molecular changes associated with stress exposure and depression. We also evaluated the possible use of DNAm changes as biomarkers of depression. Finally, we discussed current knowledge limitations and future perspectives.
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Liu J, Jiang ZX, Xie XS, Wan DM, Cao WJ, Wang M, Liu ZZ, Dong ZK, Wang HQ, Lu RQ, Zhang YY, Cheng QQ, Fan JX, Li W, He F, Guo R. Maintenance Treatment With Low-Dose Decitabine After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:710545. [PMID: 34485147 PMCID: PMC8415411 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.710545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-transplant relapse remains a principal leading cause of failure after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of low-dose decitabine on the prevention of adult ALL relapse after allo-HSCT. Methods In this prospective study, we enrolled 34 patients with ALL who underwent allo-HSCT from August 2016 to April 2020 and received low-dose decitabine maintenance treatment after transplantation. The primary objectives were cumulative incidence of relapse rate (CIR), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). The secondary objectives were graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and safety. Results Among the enrolled 34 patients, 6 patients relapsed and 6 patients died. The 2-year CIR, OS, and DFS were 20.2, 77.5, and 73.6%, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed the 2-year CIR, OS, and DFS rates of 12 patients with T-ALL/lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) were 8.3, 90, and 81.5%, respectively. None of the seven patients with T-ALL relapsed. During maintenance treatment, only one patient (2.9%) developed grade IV acute GVHD and four (11.8%) patients had severe chronic GVHD. Thirty-two patients (94.1%) developed only grade I to II myelosuppression, and two patients (5.8%) developed grade III to IV granulocytopenia. Conclusions Maintenance treatment with low-dose decitabine after allo-HSCT may be used as a therapeutic option to reduce relapse in patients with adult ALL, especially in patients with T-ALL. Our findings require confirmation in larger-scale controlled trials. Clinical Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, identifier ChiCTR1800014888.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Xie
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ding-Ming Wan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jie Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Dong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai-Qiong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Run-Qing Lu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yin-Yin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji-Xin Fan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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25
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Hansda AK, Goswami R. 17-β estradiol signalling affects cardiovascular and cancer pathogenesis by regulating the crosstalk between transcription factors and EC-miRNAs. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Bull C, Mayrhofer G, Fenech M. Exposure to hypomethylating 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) causes rapid, severe DNA damage, telomere elongation and mitotic dysfunction in human WIL2-NS cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 868-869:503385. [PMID: 34454691 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5azadC, decitabine) is a DNA hypomethylating agent used in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. Due to cytotoxic side effects dose optimization is essential. The aim of this study was to define and quantify the effects of 5azadC on biomarkers of chromosomal stability, and telomere length, in human lymphoblastoid cell line, WIL2-NS, at clinically relevant dosages. METHODS Human WIL2-NS cells were maintained in complete medium containing 0, 0.2 or 1.0 μM 5azadC for four days, and analysed daily for telomere length (flow cytometry), chromosomal stability (cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) assay), and global methylation (%5me-C). RESULTS DNA methylation decreased significantly in 1.0 μM 5azadC, relative to control (p < 0.0001). Exposure to 1.0 μM 5azadC resulted in 1.7-fold increase in telomere length (p < 0.0001), in parallel with rapid increase in biomarkers of DNA damage; (micronuclei (MN, 6-fold increase), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB, a 12-fold increase), and nuclear buds (NBud, a 13-fold increase) (all p < 0.0001). Fused nuclei (FUS), indicative of mitotic dysfunction, showed a 5- and 13-fold increase in the 0.2 μM and 1.0 μM conditions, respectively (p = 0.001) after 4 days. CONCLUSIONS These data show that (i) clinically relevant concentrations of 5azadC are highly genotoxic; (ii) hypomethylation was associated with increased TL and DNA damage; and (iii) longer TL was associated with chromosomal instability. These findings suggest that lower doses of 5azdC may be effective as a hypomethylating agent, while potentially reducing DNA damage and risk for secondary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bull
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Gate 13 Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Graham Mayrhofer
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Gate 13 Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Cheng H, Tang S, Lian X, Meng H, Gu X, Jiang J, Li X. The Differential Antitumor Activity of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine in Prostate Cancer DU145, 22RV1, and LNCaP Cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:5593-5604. [PMID: 34405020 PMCID: PMC8364635 DOI: 10.7150/jca.56709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a DNA methyltransferase-mediated epigenetic modification affecting gene expression. This process is involved in the initiation and development of malignant disease. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), a classic DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, possesses antitumor proliferation activity. However, whether 5-Aza induces cytotoxicity in solid tumors warrants further investigated. In this study, human prostate cancer (CaP) cells were treated with 5-Aza and subjected to cell viability and cytotoxicity analysis. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction assay were utilized to test the gene expression and methylation status of the p53 and p21 gene promoters. The results showed that 5-Aza differentially inhibited spontaneous proliferation, arrested the cell cycle at S phase in DU145, at G1 phase in 22RV1 and LNCaP cells, and G2 phase in normal RWPE-1 cells, as well as induced the expression of phospho-H2A.X and tumor suppressive mammary serine protease inhibitor (maspin) in all three types of CaP cells. 5-Aza also increased p53 and p21 transcription through promoter demethylation, and decreased the expression of oncogene c-Myc in 22RV1 and LNCaP cells. Western blotting analysis showed that the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage was detected in DU145 and 22RV1 cells. Moreover, there were no significant changes in p53, p21 and c-Myc expression in DU145 cells following treatment with 5-Aza. Thus, in responsible for its apoptotic induction and DNA damage, the mechanism of the antitumor activities of 5-Aza may involve in an increase of tumor suppressive maspin, upregulation of wild type p53-mediated p21 expression and a decrease of oncogene c-Myc level in 22RV1 and LNCaP cells, and enhancing the tumor suppressive maspin expression in DU145 cells. These results enriched our understanding of the multifaceted antitumor activity of 5-Aza, and provided the expression basis of biomarkers for its possible clinical application in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Cheng
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Blvd., Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, China
| | - Sijie Tang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Blvd., Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, China.,Dept of Urology, the Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Blvd., Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, China
| | - Xueqi Lian
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Blvd., Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, China
| | - Hong Meng
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Detroit 48201, MI, USA
| | - Xiang Gu
- Dept of Urology, the Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Blvd., Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, China
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Blvd., Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Blvd., Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, China.,The Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, Hefei KingMed Diagnostics Ltd., 2800 Chuangxin Blvd., Building H4, Hefei 230088, China.,National Center for Gene Testing Technology Application & Demonstration(Hefei), 2800 Chuangxin Blvd., Building H4, Hefei 230088, China
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Li Y, Yang G, Yang C, Tang P, Chen J, Zhang J, Liu J, Ouyang L. Targeting Autophagy-Related Epigenetic Regulators for Cancer Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11798-11815. [PMID: 34378389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Existing evidence has demonstrated that epigenetic modifications (including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs), which are associated with the occurrence and development of tumors, can directly or indirectly regulate autophagy. In particular, nuclear events induced by several epigenetic regulators can regulate the autophagic process and expression levels of tumor-associated genes, thereby promoting tumor progression. Tumor-associated microRNAs, including oncogenic and tumor-suppressive microRNAs, are of great significance to autophagy during tumor progression. Targeting autophagy with emerging epigenetic drugs is expected to be a promising therapeutic strategy for human tumors. From this perspective, we aim to summarize the role of epigenetic modification in the autophagic process and the underlying molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the regulatory efficacy of epigenetic drugs on the autophagic process in tumors is also summarized. This perspective may provide a theoretical basis for the combined treatment of epigenetic drugs/autophagy mediators in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaoxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengcan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Juncheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Safaric Tepes P, Pal D, Lindsted T, Ibarra I, Lujambio A, Jimenez Sabinina V, Senturk S, Miller M, Korimerla N, Huang J, Glassman L, Lee P, Zeltsman D, Hyman K, Esposito M, Hannon GJ, Sordella R. An epigenetic switch regulates the ontogeny of AXL-positive/EGFR-TKi-resistant cells by modulating miR-335 expression. eLife 2021; 10:e66109. [PMID: 34254585 PMCID: PMC8285107 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite current advancements in research and therapeutics, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. This is mainly due to the resistance that patients develop against chemotherapeutic agents over the course of treatment. In the context of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harboring EGFR-oncogenic mutations, augmented levels of AXL and GAS6 have been found to drive resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as Erlotinib and Osimertinib in certain tumors with mesenchymal-like features. By studying the ontogeny of AXL-positive cells, we have identified a novel non-genetic mechanism of drug resistance based on cell-state transition. We demonstrate that AXL-positive cells are already present as a subpopulation of cancer cells in Erlotinib-naïve tumors and tumor-derived cell lines and that the expression of AXL is regulated through a stochastic mechanism centered on the epigenetic regulation of miR-335. The existence of a cell-intrinsic program through which AXL-positive/Erlotinib-resistant cells emerge infers the need of treating tumors harboring EGFR-oncogenic mutations upfront with combinatorial treatments targeting both AXL-negative and AXL-positive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Safaric Tepes
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Debjani Pal
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook UniversityStony Brook, New YorkUnited States
| | - Trine Lindsted
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Ingrid Ibarra
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Amaia Lujambio
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Hess Center for Science and MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Serif Senturk
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Madison Miller
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Navya Korimerla
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Lawrence Glassman
- Northwell Health Long Island, Jewish Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Paul Lee
- Northwell Health Long Island, Jewish Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - David Zeltsman
- Northwell Health Long Island, Jewish Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Kevin Hyman
- Northwell Health Long Island, Jewish Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Michael Esposito
- Northwell Health Long Island, Jewish Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Gregory J Hannon
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Cancer Research UK – Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Raffaella Sordella
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
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30
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Sun L, Zhang H, Gao P. Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications on the path to cancer. Protein Cell 2021; 13:877-919. [PMID: 34050894 PMCID: PMC9243210 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic remodeling, which are closely linked and reciprocally regulate each other, are among the well-known cancer hallmarks. Recent evidence suggests that many metabolites serve as substrates or cofactors of chromatin-modifying enzymes as a consequence of the translocation or spatial regionalization of enzymes or metabolites. Various metabolic alterations and epigenetic modifications also reportedly drive immune escape or impede immunosurveillance within certain contexts, playing important roles in tumor progression. In this review, we focus on how metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells and immune cells reshapes epigenetic alterations, in particular the acetylation and methylation of histone proteins and DNA. We also discuss other eminent metabolic modifications such as, succinylation, hydroxybutyrylation, and lactylation, and update the current advances in metabolism- and epigenetic modification-based therapeutic prospects in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchong Sun
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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31
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Breijyeh Z, Karaman R. Enzyme Models-From Catalysis to Prodrugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113248. [PMID: 34071328 PMCID: PMC8198240 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are highly specific biological catalysts that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions within the cell. Our knowledge of how enzymes work remains incomplete. Computational methodologies such as molecular mechanics (MM) and quantum mechanical (QM) methods play an important role in elucidating the detailed mechanisms of enzymatic reactions where experimental research measurements are not possible. Theories invoked by a variety of scientists indicate that enzymes work as structural scaffolds that serve to bring together and orient the reactants so that the reaction can proceed with minimum energy. Enzyme models can be utilized for mimicking enzyme catalysis and the development of novel prodrugs. Prodrugs are used to enhance the pharmacokinetics of drugs; classical prodrug approaches focus on alternating the physicochemical properties, while chemical modern approaches are based on the knowledge gained from the chemistry of enzyme models and correlations between experimental and calculated rate values of intramolecular processes (enzyme models). A large number of prodrugs have been designed and developed to improve the effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of commonly used drugs, such as anti-Parkinson (dopamine), antiviral (acyclovir), antimalarial (atovaquone), anticancer (azanucleosides), antifibrinolytic (tranexamic acid), antihyperlipidemia (statins), vasoconstrictors (phenylephrine), antihypertension (atenolol), antibacterial agents (amoxicillin, cephalexin, and cefuroxime axetil), paracetamol, and guaifenesin. This article describes the works done on enzyme models and the computational methods used to understand enzyme catalysis and to help in the development of efficient prodrugs.
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Park JW, Sahm F, Steffl B, Arrillaga-Romany I, Cahill D, Monje M, Herold-Mende C, Wick W, Turcan Ş. TERT and DNMT1 expression predict sensitivity to decitabine in gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:76-87. [PMID: 32882013 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decitabine (DAC) is an FDA-approved DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor that is used in the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Previously, we showed that DAC marks antitumor activity against gliomas with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations. Based on promising preclinical results, a clinical trial has been launched to determine the effect of DAC in IDH-mutant gliomas. The next step is to comprehensively assess the efficacy and potential determinants of response to DAC in malignant gliomas. METHODS The expression and activity of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and DNMT1 were manipulated in patient-derived IDH1-mutant and -wildtype glioma lines, followed by assessment of cell proliferation with DAC treatment alone or in combination with telomerase inhibitors. RNA sequencing, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, and correlation analysis were performed. RESULTS IDH1-mutant glioma tumorspheres with hemizygous codeletion of chromosome arms 1p/19q were particularly sensitive to DAC and showed significant inhibition of DNA replication genes. Our transcriptome analysis revealed that DAC induced expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A/p21 (CDKN1A), along with downregulation of TERT. These molecular changes were also observed following doxorubicin treatment, supporting the importance of DAC-induced DNA damage in contributing to this effect. We demonstrated that knockdown of p21 led to TERT upregulation. Strikingly, TERT overexpression increased DNMT1 levels and DAC sensitivity via a telomerase-independent mechanism. Furthermore, RNA inhibition (RNAi) targeting of DNMT1 abrogated DAC response in TERT-proficient glioma cells. CONCLUSIONS DAC downregulates TERT through p21 induction. Our data point to TERT and DNMT1 levels as potential determinants of response to DAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Whi Park
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Neuropathology, Clinical Cancer Research Consortium, Clinical Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bianca Steffl
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-oncology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Şevin Turcan
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Momparler RL, Côté S, Momparler LF. Enhancement of the Antileukemic Action of the Inhibitors of DNA and Histone Methylation: 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine and 3-Deazaneplanocin-A by Vitamin C. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:7. [PMID: 34968294 PMCID: PMC8594729 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic gene silencing by DNA methylation and histone methylation by EZH2 play an important role in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). EZH2 catalyzes the trimethylation of histone H3-lysine 27-trimethylated (H3K27me3). These epigenetic alterations silence the expression of the genes that suppress leukemogenesis. Reversal of this gene silencing by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), an inhibitor of DNA methylation, and by 3-deazaneplanocin-A (DZNep), an inhibitor of EZH2, results in synergistic gene reactivation and antileukemic interaction. The objective of this study is to determine if the addition of another epigenetic agent could further enhance the antileukemic action of these inhibitors of DNA and histone methylation. Vitamin C (Vit C) is reported to enhance the antineoplastic action of 5-Aza-CdR on AML cells. The mechanism responsible for this action of Vit C is due to its function as a cofactor of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (α-KGDD). The enhancement by Vit C of the catalytic activity of α-KGDD of the ten eleven translocation (TET) pathway, as well as of the Jumonji C histone demethylases (JHDMs), is shown to result in demethylation of DNA and histones, leading to reactivation of tumor suppressor genes and an antineoplastic effect. This action of Vit C has the potential to complement the antileukemic action of 5-Aza-CdR and DZNep. We observe that Vit C remarkably increases the antineoplastic activity of 5-Aza-CdR and DZNep against myeloid leukemic cells. An important step to bring this novel epigenetic therapy to clinical trial in patients with AML is the determination of its optimal dose schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Momparler
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (S.C.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Sylvie Côté
- Centre de Recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (S.C.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Louise F. Momparler
- Centre de Recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (S.C.); (L.F.M.)
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Oral cedazuridine/decitabine for MDS and CMML: a phase 2 pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic randomized crossover study. Blood 2021; 136:674-683. [PMID: 32285126 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This phase 2 study was designed to compare systemic decitabine exposure, demethylation activity, and safety in the first 2 cycles with cedazuridine 100 mg/decitabine 35 mg vs standard decitabine 20 mg/m2 IV. Adults with International Prognostic Scoring System intermediate-1/2- or high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) were randomized 1:1 to receive oral cedazuridine/decitabine or IV decitabine in cycle 1, followed by crossover to the other treatment in cycle 2. All patients received oral cedazuridine/decitabine in subsequent cycles. Cedazuridine and decitabine were given initially as separate capsules in a dose-confirmation stage and then as a single fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet. Primary end points: mean decitabine systemic exposure (geometric least-squares mean [LSM]) of oral/IV 5-day area under curve from time 0 to last measurable concentration (AUClast), percentage long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1) DNA demethylation for oral cedazuridine/decitabine vs IV decitabine, and clinical response. Eighty patients were randomized and treated. Oral/IV ratios of geometric LSM 5-day AUClast (80% confidence interval) were 93.5% (82.1-106.5) and 97.6% (80.5-118.3) for the dose-confirmation and FDC stages, respectively. Differences in mean %LINE-1 demethylation between oral and IV were ≤1%. Clinical responses were observed in 48 patients (60%), including 17 (21%) with complete response. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events regardless of causality were neutropenia (46%), thrombocytopenia (38%), and febrile neutropenia (29%). Oral cedazuridine/decitabine (100/35 mg) produced similar systemic decitabine exposure, DNA demethylation, and safety vs decitabine 20 mg/m2 IV in the first 2 cycles, with similar efficacy. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02103478.
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Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Regulates CXCR4 Expression and [ 68Ga] Pentixafor Internalization in Neuroendocrine Tumor Cells. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020367. [PMID: 33671498 PMCID: PMC7926465 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of Somatostatin Receptor 2 (SSTR2) expression and rising CXC Chemokine Receptor Type 4 (CXCR4) expression are associated with dedifferentiation in neuroendocrine tumors (NET). In NET, CXCR4 expression is associated with enhanced metastatic and invasive potential and worse prognosis but might be a theragnostic target. Likewise, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling may promote a more aggressive phenotype in NET. We hypothesized an interaction of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with CXCR4 expression and function in NET. The NET cell lines BON-1, QGP-1, and MS-18 were exposed to Wnt inhibitors (5-aza-CdR, quercetin, and niclosamide) or the Wnt activator LiCl. The expressions of Wnt pathway genes and of CXCR4 were studied by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The effects of Wnt modulators on uptake of the CXCR4 ligand [68Ga] Pentixafor were measured. The Wnt activator LiCl induced upregulation of CXCR4 and Wnt target gene expression. Treatment with the Wnt inhibitors had opposite effects. LiCl significantly increased [68Ga] Pentixafor uptake, while treatment with Wnt inhibitors decreased radiopeptide uptake. Wnt pathway modulation influences CXCR4 expression and function in NET cell lines. Wnt modulation might be a tool to enhance the efficacy of CXCR4-directed therapies in NET or to inhibit CXCR4-dependent proliferative signaling. The underlying mechanisms for the interaction of the Wnt pathway with CXCR4 expression and function have yet to be clarified.
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Pandareesh MD, Kameshwar VH, Byrappa K. Prostate Carcinogenesis: Insights in Relation to Epigenetics and Inflammation. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:253-267. [PMID: 32682386 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200719020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a multifactorial disease that mainly occurs due to the accumulation of somatic, genetic, and epigenetic changes, resulting in the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes. Mutations in genes, specifically those that control cell growth and division or the repair of damaged DNA, make the cells grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor. The risk of developing prostate cancer depends upon the gene that has undergone the mutation. Identifying such genetic risk factors for prostate cancer poses a challenge for the researchers. Besides genetic mutations, many epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications (methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and phosphorylation) nucleosomal remodeling, and chromosomal looping, have significantly contributed to the onset of prostate cancer as well as the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. Chronic inflammation also plays a major role in the onset and progression of human cancer, via modifications in the tumor microenvironment by initiating epithelialmesenchymal transition and remodeling the extracellular matrix. In this article, the authors present a brief history of the mechanisms and potential links between the genetic aberrations, epigenetic changes, inflammation, and inflammasomes that are known to contribute to the prognosis of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the authors examine and discuss the clinical potential of prostate carcinogenesis in relation to epigenetics and inflammation for its diagnosis and treatment..
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirazkar D Pandareesh
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
| | - Vivek H Kameshwar
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
| | - Kullaiah Byrappa
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
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Targeting Germ Cell Tumors with the Newly Synthesized Flavanone-Derived Compound MLo1302 Efficiently Reduces Tumor Cell Viability and Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010073. [PMID: 33430420 PMCID: PMC7826804 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Less toxic treatment strategies for testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients are needed, as overtreatment is a concern due to the long-term side effects of platin-based chemotherapy. Although clinical benefit from classical hypomethylating agents has to date been limited, TGCTs show an abnormal DNA methylome indicating the potential of treating TGCTs with hypomethylating drugs. We tested, for the first time in TGCT cell lines, a new synthetic flavonoid compound (MLo1302) from the 3-nitroflavanone family of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors. We show that MLo1302 reduces cell viability (including of cisplatin resistant cell line NCCIT-R), with IC50s (inhibitory concentration 50) within the nanomolar range for NCCIT and NTERA-2 cells, and proved its cytotoxic effect. Exposure to MLo1302 reduced DNMT protein expression, similar to decitabine, and showed a partial effect in cell differentiation, reducing protein expression of pluripotency markers. RT2 profiler expression array indicated several dysregulated targets, related to activation of apoptosis, differentiation, and cell cycle arrest. We validated these data by showing increased apoptosis, increased protein expression of cleaved caspase 8 and activated caspase 2, and reduced proliferation (BrdU assay), with increase in CDKN1A and decrease in MIB-1 expression. Therefore, synthetic drugs designed to target DNA methylation in cells may uncover effective treatments for TGCT patients.
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Steadman CR, Banerjee S, Kunde YA, Sanders CK, Marrone BL, Twary SN. Inhibition of DNA Methylation in Picochlorum soloecismus Alters Algae Productivity. Front Genet 2020; 11:560444. [PMID: 33193644 PMCID: PMC7593850 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.560444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic organisms regulate the organization, structure, and accessibility of their genomes through chromatin remodeling that can be inherited as epigenetic modifications. These DNA and histone protein modifications are ultimately responsible for an organism's molecular adaptation to the environment, resulting in distinctive phenotypes. Epigenetic manipulation of algae holds yet untapped potential for the optimization of biofuel production and bioproduct formation; however, epigenetic machinery and modes-of-action have not been well characterized in algae. We sought to determine the extent to which the biofuel platform species Picochlorum soloecismus utilizes DNA methylation to regulate its genome. We found candidate genes with domains for DNA methylation in the P. soloecismus genome. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing revealed DNA methylation in all three cytosine contexts (CpG, CHH, and CHG). While global DNA methylation is low overall (∼1.15%), it occurs in appreciable quantities (12.1%) in CpG dinucleotides in a bimodal distribution in all genomic contexts, though terminators contain the greatest number of CpG sites per kilobase. The P. soloecismus genome becomes hypomethylated during the growth cycle in response to nitrogen starvation. Algae cultures were treated daily across the growth cycle with 20 μM 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5AZA) to inhibit propagation of DNA methylation in daughter cells. 5AZA treatment significantly increased optical density and forward and side scatter of cells across the growth cycle (16 days). This increase in cell size and complexity correlated with a significant increase (∼66%) in lipid accumulation. Site specific CpG DNA methylation was significantly altered with 5AZA treatment over the time course, though nitrogen starvation itself induced significant hypomethylation in CpG contexts. Genes involved in several biological processes, including fatty acid synthesis, had altered methylation ratios in response to 5AZA; we hypothesize that these changes are potentially responsible for the phenotype of early induction of carbon storage as lipids. This is the first report to utilize epigenetic manipulation strategies to alter algal physiology and phenotype. Collectively, these data suggest these strategies can be utilized to fine-tune metabolic responses, alter growth, and enhance environmental adaption of microalgae for desired outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Steadman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioenergy and Biome Sciences, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Shounak Banerjee
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioenergy and Biome Sciences, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Yuliya A Kunde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioenergy and Biome Sciences, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Claire K Sanders
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioenergy and Biome Sciences, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Babetta L Marrone
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioenergy and Biome Sciences, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Scott N Twary
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioenergy and Biome Sciences, Los Alamos, NM, United States
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de Oliveira DT, Guerra-Sá R. Uncovering epigenetic landscape: a new path for biomarkers identification and drug development. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9097-9122. [PMID: 33089404 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Scientific advances in recent decades have revealed an incredible degree of plasticity in gene expression in response to various environmental, nutritional, physiological, pathological, and behavioral conditions. Epigenetics emerges in this sense, as the link between the internal (genetic) and external (environmental) factors underlying the expression of the phenotype. Methylation of DNA and histone post-translationa modifications are canonical epigenetic events. Additionally, noncoding RNAs molecules (microRNAs and lncRNAs) have also been proposed as another layer of epigenetic regulation. Together, these events are responsible for regulating gene expression throughout life, controlling cellular fate in both normal and pathological development. Despite being a relatively recent science, epigenetics has been arousing the interest of researchers from different segments of the life sciences and the general public. This review highlights the recent advances in the characterization of the epigenetic events and points promising use of these brands for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of diseases. We also present several classes of epigenetic modifying compounds with therapeutic applications (so-call epidrugs) and their current status in clinical trials and approved by the FDA. In summary, hopefully, we provide the reader with theoretical bases for a better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms and of the promising application of these marks and events in the medical clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Teixeira de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renata Guerra-Sá
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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SRY-related high-mobility-group box 6 suppresses cell proliferation and is downregulated in breast cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 32:306-313. [PMID: 33038083 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers endangering women's health. SRY-related high-mobility-group box 6 (SOX6) is associated with many cancers, though its role has not been reported in breast cancer. Here, we aimed to explore the expression and function of SOX6 in breast cancer. On the basis of the analysis of SOX6 in The Cancer Genome Atlas, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases, we revealed that SOX6 was downregulated in breast cancer, and we verified the results at the cellular level by means of western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. When SOX6 was overexpressed, the proliferation of breast cancer cells was inhibited, and apoptosis was promoted. Moreover, the methylation level of the SOX6 promoter in breast cancer was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. 5'-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine reversed the high level of methylation that was caused by decreased expression of SOX6. This evidence suggests that SOX6 is a tumor suppressor gene associated with breast cancer. This study could provide a new target for breast cancer treatment.
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CN133, a Novel Brain-Penetrating Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Hampers Tumor Growth in Patient-Derived Pediatric Posterior Fossa Ependymoma Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071922. [PMID: 32708733 PMCID: PMC7409080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric ependymoma (EPN) is a highly aggressive tumor of the central nervous system that remains incurable in 40% of cases. In children, the majority of cases develop in the posterior fossa and can be classified into two distinct molecular entities: EPN posterior fossa A (PF-EPN-A) and EPN posterior fossa B (PF-EPN-B). Patients with PF-EPN-A have poor outcome and are in demand of new therapies. In general, PF-EPN-A tumors show a balanced chromosome copy number profile and have no recurrent somatic nucleotide variants. However, these tumors present abundant epigenetic deregulations, thereby suggesting that epigenetic therapies could provide new opportunities for PF-EPN-A patients. In vitro epigenetic drug screening of 11 compounds showed that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) had the highest anti-proliferative activity in two PF-EPN-A patient-derived cell lines. Further screening of 5 new brain-penetrating HDACi showed that CN133 induced apoptosis in vitro, reduced tumor growth in vivo and significantly extended the survival of mice with orthotopically-implanted EPN tumors by modulation of the unfolded protein response, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, and apoptotic pathways among others. In summary, our results provide solid preclinical evidence for the use of CN133 as a new therapeutic agent against PF-EPN-A tumors.
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Colwell M, Wanner NM, Drown C, Drown M, Dolinoy DC, Faulk C. Paradoxical whole genome DNA methylation dynamics of 5'aza-deoxycytidine in chronic low-dose exposure in mice. Epigenetics 2020; 16:209-227. [PMID: 32619143 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1790951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Decitabine (5-aza-2'deoxycytidine; DAC) is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor used to hypomethylate the epigenome. Current dosing regimens of DAC for use in mice vary widely and their hypomethylating ability has not been robustly characterized, despite reliable results of hypomethylation of the epigenome with cell lines in vitro and tissue specificity in vivo. We investigated the effects on the DNA methylome and gene expression within mice exposed to chronic low doses of DAC ranging from 0 to 0.35 mg/kg over a period of 7 weeks without causing toxicity. Our dose paradigm resulted in no cytotoxic effects within target tissues, although testes weight and sperm concentration significantly reduced as dose increased (p-value <0.05). By whole genome bisulphite sequencing (WGBS), we identify tissue and dose-specific differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) and regions (DMRs) in testes and liver. Testes methylation is more sensitive to DAC exposure when compared to liver, cortex, and hippocampus. Gene expression was dysregulated in testes and liver, targeting non-specific pathways as dose increases. Together our data suggest DNA methylation and gene expression are disrupted by in vivo DAC treatment in a non-uniform manner contrary to expectations, and that no dose level or regimen is sufficient to cause systemic hypomethylation in whole mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathia Colwell
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Scientists , St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Nicole M Wanner
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine , St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Chelsea Drown
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Scientists , St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Melissa Drown
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Scientists , St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher Faulk
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Scientists , St. Paul, MN, USA
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Sahin M, Sahin E. Prostaglandin E2 Reverses the Effects of DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor and TGFB1 on the Conversion of Naive T Cells to iTregs. Transfus Med Hemother 2020; 47:244-253. [PMID: 32595429 DOI: 10.1159/000502582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nTregs) are produced under thymic (tTregs) or peripherally induced (pTregs) conditions in vivo. On the other hand, Tregs generated from naive T cells in vitro under some circumstances, such as treatment with transforming growth factor-β (TGFB), are called induced Tregs (iTregs). Tregs are especially characterized by FOXP3 expression, which is mainly controlled by DNA methylation. nTregs play important roles in the suppression of immune response and self-tolerance. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway was reported to contribute to regulatory functions of tumor-infiltrating nTregs. In this study, we examined whether PGE2 contributes to the formation of iTregs treated with TGFB1 and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), which is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. We found that the protein and gene expression levels of FOXP3 and IL-10 were increased in 5-aza-dC and TGFB1-treated T cells in vitro. However, the addition of PGE2 to these cells reversed these increments significantly. In CFSE-based cell suppression assays, we demonstrated that PGE2 decreased the suppressive functions of 5-aza-dC and TGFB1-treated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sahin
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Emel Sahin
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Sahli F, Courcelle M, Palama T, Djaker N, Savarin P, Spadavecchia J. Temozolomide, Gemcitabine, and Decitabine Hybrid Nanoconjugates: From Design to Proof-of-Concept (PoC) of Synergies toward the Understanding of Drug Impact on Human Glioblastoma Cells. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7410-7421. [PMID: 32524814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper emphasizes the synthesis of novel hybrid drug nanoparticles (Hyb-D-AuNPs) based on gold-temozolomide (TMZ) complexes combined with gemcitabine (GEM) and decitabine (DAC) to improve the efficiency and reduce the resistance of U87 malignant glial cells against TMZ. All products were evaluated by several spectroscopic techniques (Raman, UV-Vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Besides, for therapeutic purposes, the effect of these nanoparticles on cell proliferation and toxicity was evaluated, which clearly showed a synergic action of TMZ and GEM. Through the analysis of the exometabolome by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the metabolic changes in the culture medium were measured in glial cells. Moreover, these nanoparticles are especially appropriated to the thermal destruction of cancer in the case of photothermal therapy due to their photothermal heating properties. This study presents an original chemical approach that it could play a central role in the field of nanomedicine, with novel perspectives for the development of new drugs and active targeting in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdaous Sahli
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Manon Courcelle
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Tony Palama
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Nadia Djaker
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Philippe Savarin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Jolanda Spadavecchia
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
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Mahdi MR, Georges RB, Ali DM, Bedeer RF, Eltahry HM, Gabr AEHZ, Berger MR. Modulation of the Endothelin System in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis: Influence of Epigenetic Mechanisms? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:180. [PMID: 32194414 PMCID: PMC7063057 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting of endothelin system genes is a promising strategy in cancer therapy. The modulation of these genes was explored in a model of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis and in a panel of CRC tumor cell lines that were exposed to the demethylating agent decitabine. The CC531 rat model mimicking CRC liver metastasis was used for tumor cell re-isolation and analysis of the endothelin system genes and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) by microarray. To mimic the effects caused by methylation changes, a panel of seven CRC cell lines was treated with the demethylating agent decitabine. Three genes of the endothelin system were potently modulated at messenger RNA (mRNA) level in rat CC531 cells during liver colonization. The concomitant decrease of two DNMTs suggested an influence from altered methylation. Changes in gene expression were also accomplished by exposure of CRC cells to the demethylating agent decitabine, when using daily low concentrations for 3 days, with minimal cytotoxic effects. Sensitive human SW480 cells showed an almost 100fold upregulation of endothelin-1 mRNA compared to untreated cells. This, however, was different in LS174T cells, which showed no significant increase in gene expression although the methylation levels were significantly decreased at a variety of corresponding loci. We suggest that the mechanism induced by methylation on gene expression in metastatic CRC cells can be compromised. The results question the overall success of treating metastatic CRC by methylation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Mahdi
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania B. Georges
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doaa M. Ali
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raouf F. Bedeer
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Huda M. Eltahry
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abd-El Hakiem Z. Gabr
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Martin R. Berger
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Rocha MA, Veronezi GMB, Felisbino MB, Gatti MSV, Tamashiro WMSC, Mello MLS. Sodium valproate and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine differentially modulate DNA demethylation in G1 phase-arrested and proliferative HeLa cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18236. [PMID: 31796828 PMCID: PMC6890691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium valproate/valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR), a DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor, induce DNA demethylation in several cell types. In HeLa cells, although VPA leads to decreased DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) levels, the demethylation pathway involved in this effect is not fully understood. We investigated this process using flow cytometry, ELISA, immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and RT-qPCR in G1 phase-arrested and proliferative HeLa cells compared to the presumably passive demethylation promoted by 5-aza-CdR. The results revealed that VPA acts predominantly on active DNA demethylation because it induced TET2 gene and protein overexpression, decreased 5mC abundance, and increased 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine (5hmC) abundance, in both G1-arrested and proliferative cells. However, because VPA caused decreased DNMT1 gene expression levels, it may also act on the passive demethylation pathway. 5-aza-CdR attenuated DNMT1 gene expression levels but increased TET2 and 5hmC abundance in replicating cells, although it did not affect the gene expression of TETs at any stage of the cell cycle. Therefore, 5-aza-CdR may also function in the active pathway. Because VPA reduces DNA methylation levels in non-replicating HeLa cells, it could be tested as a candidate for the therapeutic reversal of DNA methylation in cells in which cell division is arrested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Amorim Rocha
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Maria Breda Veronezi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Barreto Felisbino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Silvia Viccari Gatti
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wirla M S C Tamashiro
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Silveira Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Ueda K, Nakamura T, Tanaka S, Hosokawa M, Iwakawa S, Ogawara KI. Numerical analysis of apparent decitabine uptake in HCT116 cells: Incorporation of a bidirectional first-order kinetic parameter for ENT1 transport and Michaelis-Menten parameters for subsequent phosphorylation. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 35:124-130. [PMID: 31964620 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Decitabine (DAC), a DNA methylation inhibitor, is transported into cancer cells mainly via equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) and subsequently phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK). We previously reported that apparent DAC uptake into cells may be described using a simple compartment model with clearance for facilitated diffusion (PS) and subsequent phosphorylation (CLmet). In the present study, time course of apparent intracellular [3H]-DAC uptake was analyzed numerically, and PS and CLmet values were calculated using the compartment model in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. PS at 0.1 μM [3H]-DAC was markedly decreased in the presence of 100 μM irinotecan or etoposide, while CLmet was markedly decreased in the presence of 100 μM cytarabine or gemcitabine. CLmet at 0.1-10 μM [3H]-DAC varied in a concentration-dependent manner and was described by Michaelis-Menten parameters Km,met and Vmax,met. In conclusion, DAC uptake mainly via ENT1 may be described by a bidirectional first-order kinetic parameter, while phosphorylation by dCK may be described by Michaelis-Menten parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Ueda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Touko Nakamura
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Mika Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Seigo Iwakawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Ogawara
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
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DNA methyltransferase inhibitors upregulate CD38 protein expression and enhance daratumumab efficacy in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2019; 34:938-941. [PMID: 31595037 PMCID: PMC7214267 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Savona MR, Odenike O, Amrein PC, Steensma DP, DeZern AE, Michaelis LC, Faderl S, Harb W, Kantarjian H, Lowder J, Oganesian A, Azab M, Garcia-Manero G. An oral fixed-dose combination of decitabine and cedazuridine in myelodysplastic syndromes: a multicentre, open-label, dose-escalation, phase 1 study. LANCET HAEMATOLOGY 2019; 6:e194-e203. [PMID: 30926081 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(19)30030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decitabine, a DNA methyltransferase 1 inhibitor or DNA hypomethylating compound, is not readily orally bioavailable because of rapid clearance by cytidine deaminase (CDA) in the gut and liver. This dose-escalation study, guided by pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic observations, evaluated whether simultaneous oral administration with the novel CDA inhibitor cedazuridine increases decitabine bioavailability for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. METHODS In this phase 1 study, we enrolled patients aged 18 years or older with myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. Eligible patients were assigned to cohorts to receive escalating oral doses of decitabine and cedazuridine. The starting dose was decitabine 20 mg and cedazuridine 40 mg. Treatment cycles lasted 28 days, with 5 days of drug administration. In cycle 1, each patient received a cohort-defined dose of oral decitabine on day -3, a 1-h intravenous infusion of decitabine 20 mg/m2 on day 1, and cohort-defined doses of oral decitabine plus cedazuridine on days 2-5. In cycles 2 and beyond, the oral decitabine and cedazuridine were given on days 1-5. The dose of cedazuridine was escalated first and decitabine was escalated once CDA inhibition by cedazuridine approached the maximum effect. The drug dose was escalated if mean decitabine area under the curve (AUC) of the oral drug was less than 90% of that for intravenous decitabine in the cohort and if no dose-limiting toxicity was observed. Dose-limiting toxicity was defined as a grade 3 or greater non-haematologic toxicity or grade 4 haematologic toxicity lasting more than 14 days and unrelated to the underlying disease. Once the decitabine AUC target range set as the primary endpoint, and established with intravenous decitabine, was reached at a dose deemed to be safe, the cohort that most closely approximated intravenous decitabine exposure was expanded to 18 evaluable patients. The primary objectives were to assess the safety of decitabine plus cedazuridine, and to determine the dose of each drug needed to achieve a mean AUC for decitabine exposure similar to that for intravenous decitabine exposure. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02103478. FINDINGS Between Oct 28, 2014, and Nov 13, 2015, we enrolled 44 eligible patients (of 75 screened) with previously treated or newly diagnosed myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia; 43 of the enrolled patients were evaluable. Participants were treated in five cohorts: cohorts 1-4 included six evaluable patients each; cohort 5 included 19 patients in a 13-patient expansion. Dose-dependent increases in decitabine AUC and peak plasma concentration occurred with each cohort dose escalation. There was no evident increase in toxicity compared with that reported for intravenous decitabine. Decitabine 30 mg and 40 mg plus cedazuridine 100 mg produced mean day-5 decitabine AUCs (146 ng × h/mL for decitabine 30 mg, and 221 ng × h/mL for decitabine 40 mg) closest to the mean intravenous-decitabine AUC (164 ng × h/mL). The most common grade 3 or more adverse events were thrombocytopenia (18 [41%] of 44 patients), neutropenia (13 [30%]), anaemia (11 [25%]), leukopenia (seven [16%]), febrile neutropenia (seven [16%]), and pneumonia (seven [16%]). Four (9%) patients died because of adverse events, none of which was considered drug related, and three (7%) patients died more than 30 days after discontinuing treatment because of progressive disease (two [5%]) and respiratory failure (one [2%]). INTERPRETATION Oral decitabine plus cedazuridine emulated the pharmacokinetics of intravenous decitabine, with a similar safety profile and dose-dependent demethylation. Clinical responses were similar to intravenous decitabine treatment for 5 days. Further study of decitabine plus cedazuridine as an alternative to parenteral therapy or in combination with other new oral agents for myeloid disorders is warranted. FUNDING Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Savona
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Olatoyosi Odenike
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip C Amrein
- Medicine Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura C Michaelis
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WS, USA
| | - Stefan Faderl
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Wael Harb
- Horizon Oncology Center, Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Evans DM, Fang J, Silvers T, Delosh R, Laudeman J, Ogle C, Reinhart R, Selby M, Bowles L, Connelly J, Harris E, Krushkal J, Rubinstein L, Doroshow JH, Teicher BA. Exposure time versus cytotoxicity for anticancer agents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:359-371. [PMID: 31102023 PMCID: PMC8127868 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Time is a critical factor in drug action. The duration of inhibition of the target or residence time of the drug molecule on the target often guides drug scheduling. METHODS The effects of time on the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of approved and investigational agents [300 compounds] were examined in the NCI60 cell line panel in 2D at 2, 3, 7 and in 3D 11 days. RESULTS There was a moderate positive linear relationship between data from the 2-day NCI60 screen and the 3-, 7- and 11-day and a strong positive linear relationship between 3-, 7- and 11-day luminescence screen IC50s by Pearson correlation analysis. Cell growth inhibition by agents selective for a specific cell cycle phase plateaued when susceptible cells were growth inhibited or killed. As time increased the depth of cell growth inhibition increased without change in the IC50. DNA interactive agents had decreasing IC50s with increasing exposure time. Epigenetic agents required longer exposure times; several were only cytotoxic after 11 days' exposure. For HDAC inhibitors, time had little or no effect on concentration response. There were potency differences amongst the three BET bromodomain inhibitors tested, and an exposure duration effect. The PARP inhibitors, rucaparib, niraparib, and veliparib reached IC50s < 10 μM in some cell lines after 11 days. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that variations in compound exposure time may reflect either mechanism of action or compound chemical half-life. The activity of slow-acting compounds may optimally be assessed in spheroid models that can be monitored over prolonged incubation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jianwen Fang
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Thomas Silvers
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Rene Delosh
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Julie Laudeman
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Chad Ogle
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Russell Reinhart
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Michael Selby
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Lori Bowles
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - John Connelly
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Erik Harris
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Julia Krushkal
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Larry Rubinstein
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, National Cancer Institute, RM 4-W602, MSC 9735, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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