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Aunger R, Coville A, Kwezi L, Mwakitalima A, Mwambuli K, Reichert A, Sansonetti J. Experimenting to increase the effectiveness of a national campaign on hygiene behavior in Tanzania. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16703. [PMID: 39030315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Through Tanzania's National Sanitation Campaign, we study the effectiveness of two common elements of behavior change campaigns: endorsements from celebrities and testimonials. Using four experiments in Tanzania in early 2021 as part of the national campaign, we find that including endorsements and testimonials in text messages sent to individuals significantly increases self-reported hygiene behavior. These results mask important heterogeneity based on the source of endorsement or framing of the testimonial and provide insights into cost-effective approaches for changing behavior at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Aunger
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | | | - Anyitike Mwakitalima
- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Sub Unit, Tanzania Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania
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2
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Shahinfar H, Jayedi A, Torabynasab K, Payandeh N, Martami F, Moosavi H, Bazshahi E, Shab-Bidar S. Comparative effects of nutraceuticals on body weight in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 111 randomized clinical trials. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106944. [PMID: 37778464 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
There is no research on the comparative effects of nutraceuticals on weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity. This study aimed at quantifying and ranking the effects of different nutraceuticals on weight loss. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to November 2022. We included randomized trials evaluating the comparative effects of two or more nutraceuticals, or compared a nutraceutical against a placebo for weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity. We conducted random-effects network meta-analysis with a Frequentist framework to estimate mean difference [MD] and 95% confidence interval [CI] of the effect of nutraceuticals on weight loss. One hundred and eleven RCTs with 6171 participants that investigated the effects of 18 nutraceuticals on body weight were eligible. In the main analysis incorporating all trials, there was high certainty of evidence for supplementation of spirulina (MD: -1.77 kg, 95% CI: -2.77, -0.78) and moderate certainty of evidence that supplementation of curcumin (MD: -0.82 kg, 95% CI: -1.33, -0.30), psyllium (MD: -3.70 kg, 95% CI: -5.18, -2.22), chitosan (MD: -1.70 kg, 95% CI: -2.62, -0.78), and Nigella sativa (MD: -2.09 kg, 95%CI: -2.92, -1.26) could result in a small improvement in body weight. Supplementations with green tea (MD: -1.25 kg, 95%CI: -1.68, -0.82) and glucomannan (MD: -1.36 kg, 95%CI: -2.17, -0.54) demonstrated small weight loss, also the certainty of evidence was rated low. Based on our findings, supplementations with nutraceuticals can result in a small weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shahinfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Torabynasab
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Payandeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Martami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Moosavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Bazshahi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Pavia CS, Plummer MM. Lessons learned from the successful polio vaccine experience not learned or applied with the development and implementation of the COVID-19 vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 84:102386. [PMID: 37651977 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The eradication of polio during the latter half of the 20th century can be considered one of the greatest medical triumphs in history. This achievement can be attributed to the development of vaccines that received the public's almost unwavering acceptance of them, especially by parents who had been waiting/hoping for a medical breakthrough that would ensure that their children would not succumb to the devastating effects of infantile paralysis. Sixty years later, the worldwide population was now confronted with an equally devastating disease - Covid-19 - which by the 2020-2021 time period had reached pandemic levels not seen since the flu outbreak of 1918. Unlike polio, however, several vaccines against Covid-19 were rapidly developed and deployed due to advances in microbiologic and immunologic technology. But also, unlike the polio vaccine experience, there was not universal acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccines and this has led to continuation of the pandemic into 2023 (albeit at a reduced level). In addition, acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccines has been confronted with the uncertainty that they do not apparently prevent transmission in asymptomatic people, and the mutation rate of the virus requires periodic re-evaluation and possible upgrading of the vaccines. This review will focus on the various factors that have led to these contrasting attitudes toward these two different vaccines and how resistance and hesitancy to vaccine use can be overcome by implementing various measures, after introducing the key roles that the sciences of microbiology and immunology have played in vaccine development over the past 250+ years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Pavia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
| | - Maria M Plummer
- Department of Clinical Specialties, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, USA
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Stewart JB. Community, risk assessment, prevention and control: Black American college students' information seeking on COVID-19. Health Info Libr J 2023; 40:292-306. [PMID: 35764293 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the disproportionate impact of the novel coronavirus on Black Americans, there is little research that centres Black college students' information behaviours during the pandemic. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify information needs, resources and use regarding the novel coronavirus pandemic among Black American college students. METHODS This is a quantitative study among 389 college students in the USA. Data were collected using an online crowdsourced survey instrument. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data through SPSS. RESULTS The most salient information needs related to Covid-19 symptoms, personal protective equipment, vulnerable populations, and risk assessment; however, students also wanted information on Covid-19's impact on the Black community. There were no statistically significant gender differences in students' information seeking, resources or use with one exception; male students believed the internet alone could provide all relevant information about the coronavirus in comparison to female students. Barriers related to the volume of information, information fluidity and determining the quality of information. CONCLUSION Colleges and universities can play a critical role in information dissemination during crisis events. Students need critical information literacy skills that intersect with everyday information needs, particularly health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brenton Stewart
- School of Library & Information Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
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5
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Barghi TS, Tavana MM. The Role of Football Players as a Model for Promoting Community Health. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 52:1779-1780. [PMID: 37744535 PMCID: PMC10512141 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v52i8.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The Article Abstract is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Seif Barghi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Tavana
- Department of Sports Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Santangelo OE, Gianfredi V, Provenzano S. Impact on online research on celebrities' uncommon diseases: the curious case of Justin Bieber and Ramsay Hunt syndrome. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37361302 PMCID: PMC10202347 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Aim We investigated how to use Internet user searches to gauge the impact of a celebrity illness on global public interest. Methods The study design is cross-sectional. Data on Internet searches were obtained from Google Trends (GT) for the period between 2017-2022 using the search words "Ramsay Hunt syndrome" (RHS), "Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2," "Herpes zoster," and "Justin Bieber." The frequency of specific page views for "Ramsay Hunt syndrome," "Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 1," Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2," Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 3," "Herpes zoster," and "Justin Bieber" were collected via a Wikipedia analysis tool that shows the number of times a specific page is viewed. Statistical analyses were performed using the Pearson (r) and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho). Results GT data, in 2022, show a strong correlation for Justin Bieber and RHS or RHS type 2 (r = 0.75); similarly, Wikipedia data show a strong correlation for Justin Bieber and the others explored terms (r > 0.75). Furthermore, the correlation was strong between GT and Wikipedia for RHS (rho = 0.89) and RHS type 2 (rho = 0.88). Conclusions The peak search times for the GT and Wikipedia pages were during the same period. Useful new tools and analyses of Internet traffic data may be effective in assessing the impact of announced celebrity uncommon illnesses on global public interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Enzo Santangelo
- Regional Health Care and Social Agency of Lodi, ASST Lodi, piazza Ospitale 10, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
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7
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Romero-Rodriguez LM, Castillo-Abdul B. Toward state-of-the-art on social marketing research in user-generated content (UGC) and influencers. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/jmd-11-2022-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
PurposeThis study examines the research that has been conducted on user-generated advertising content in the social marketing strategies of commercial brands to understand the phenomenon, explore academic interest in the topic and identify areas of limited thematic coverage.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review of existing scientific literature in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus was carried out using the PRISMA protocol. A co-occurrence matrix was used to review emerging topics on user-generated content (UGC) and influencer marketing, allowing the identification of articles (n = 59) related to the objective of this research.FindingsMost research has analyzed UGC in images or text, but only very few have addressed videos and other digital formats (such as reels, image carousels or podcasts), although there is sufficient work focused on Twitter, Facebook and YouTube. There was no evidence of work exploring the effects, repercussions and possible dangers of uncontrolled brand exposure through Unofficial Brand Ambassadors.Originality/valueThe literature review has allowed finding important areas of future research that the scientific community has not sufficiently addressed. Likewise, this work shows structurally several classifications of UGC, which will facilitate future research to deepen and broaden these categories.
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Nishizawa T, Hayashi K, Amano N, Deshpande GA, Arioka H. Characteristics of participants in a public rubella antibody testing program conducted at a Japan professional football league venue. J Gen Fam Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Nishizawa
- Division of General Internal Medicine St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Department of Global Health Promotion Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Hayashi
- Institute of Religion and Culture Kyoto Women's University Kyoto Japan
- College of Nursing St. Luke's International University Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Gautam A. Deshpande
- Division of General Internal Medicine St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Department of General Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroko Arioka
- Division of General Internal Medicine St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
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9
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Krisam M, Altendorfer LM. [Influencer Marketing in Healthcare: A Review]. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2023; 85:100-102. [PMID: 33706391 DOI: 10.1055/a-1377-6478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media influencers play an important role in the (digital) life of millions of Germans. In the health sector, these protagonists and their channels are used not only with commercial intentions, but also increasingly for the communication of health messages. We want to investigate if influencers can play an important role in promoting health. We summarize the current scientific evidence on the use of influencer marketing in health communication. METHODS Selective literature search on PubMed with the search terms "Influencer marketing" and "health" and summary of the results. RESULTS We identified 173 publications, from which four fulfilled the inclusion criteria. For the classification of health influencers, we propose 5 categories. CONCLUSION So far, there is only weak evidence for health-promoting effects through the communication of influencers. Both in practice and in science, more knowledge about the health-promoting use of influencers needs to be gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Krisam
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaften, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
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10
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Al-Bisher MM, Al-Otaibi HH. Eating Concerns Associated with Nutritional Information Obtained from Social Media among Saudi Young Females: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16380. [PMID: 36554261 PMCID: PMC9778825 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders have been highly prevalent in young females for decades for many reasons. Social media platforms have an enormous impact on users, especially young adults, who use them every day. In Saudi Arabia, social media is popular, with an estimated 72% of users being active in 2020. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to assess the relationship between using social media to search for nutritional information and eating concerns. A nationwide study was conducted on 1092 young Saudi females aged 18-30 years from five administrative regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using an online validated questionnaire, and symptoms of eating concerns were assessed using two brief instruments: SCOFF [Sick, Control, One Stone, Fat, Food] and Eating disorders Screen for Primary care [ESP]. The prevalence of eating concerns was 49.6% among Saudi females. Moderate eating concerns were more prevalent in the central region 24.8%, whereas high eating concerns were more prevalent in the southern region 27.6%. Personal accounts of dietitian/nutritionists (OR = 1.170; 95% CI 1.071-1.277; p ≤ 0.001), interaction with offered experiments about new meals/restaurants, and diets on social media that were mostly promoted by celebrities/influencers (OR = 1.554; 95% CI 1.402-1.723; p ≤ 0.000) were the most prominent risk factors associated with being more likely to suffer from eating concerns. The present study recommends opening clinics specializing in nutrition on social media platforms that target young females to provide nutritional counselling and encourage a healthy lifestyle. In addition, it is important to plan awareness campaigns intended to educate young females on how to deal with messages that circulate on social media without any evidence regarding their truthfulness.
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11
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Kogan LR, Rishniw M. Canine and feline core vaccinations: US veterinarians’ concerns and perceived impact of COVID-19 antivaccination views on veterinary medicine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1482-1488. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.03.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Assess US veterinarians’ perceptions regarding vaccine concerns (their own and owners’) and the association between owners’ vaccine concerns and COVID-19 antivaccination sentiments.
SAMPLE
Members of the Veterinary Information Network.
PROCEDURES
An electronic survey distributed via the Veterinary Information Network data collection portal.
RESULTS
1,341 US veterinarians completed the survey. Top veterinarian concerns for vaccinating a healthy adult dog were anaphylaxis, soreness at injection site, and lethargy; for cats, these concerns included vaccine-associated sarcoma, lethargy, and soreness at injection site. Veterinarians reported that the most common concerns mentioned by owners included that the pet does not go outside, that vaccinations are unnecessary, that vaccinations can lead to chronic or severe illness, and cost. Veterinarians reported an increased number of dog and cat owners reluctant about or resistant to the idea of rabies vaccines and core vaccines since the time that COVID-19 vaccines became widely available. There was an association between veterinarians’ perceptions of local COVID-19 antivaccination sentiments and the increase in the number of vaccine-resistant or -concerned clients.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
There appears to be little overlap between veterinarians’ primary concerns related to vaccinations and their perception of dog and cat owners’ primary concerns. The fact that the number of resistant clients is positively associated with the presence of veterinarians’ perceptions of a local COVID-19 antivaccination sentiment suggests that human antivaccination sentiments impact pet owners’ views of companion animal vaccinations. A better understanding of the cognitive biases that impact owners’ vaccine decisions can help veterinarians better communicate with vaccine-reluctant clients and increase vaccination compliance rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori R. Kogan
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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12
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Young I, Robillard P, Loeffler P, Sekercioglu F. Determinants of bather hygiene in public swimming pools: a mixed-methods analysis of online discussion comments. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:877-887. [PMID: 35768964 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Swimming in public pools can expose bathers to microbiological (e.g., Cryptosporidium) and chemical (e.g., disinfection by-product) hazards, which can lead to recreational water illness. Adequate hygienic behaviours among bathers are important to reduce these risks. However, prior studies have found low compliance with pre-swim showering and avoidance of urinating in pools. We conducted a mixed-methods analysis of online discussion comments to identify key determinants of these two behaviours. We identified relevant discussion threads on Reddit, Quora, and swimming forums. Identified comments were classified as having a positive or negative sentiment towards the behaviour, and they were thematically analyzed according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). We analyzed 986 comments from 45 threads; 49.8% of comments were classified as expressing a positive sentiment towards the behaviour. Positive sentiments were more commonly expressed towards pre-swim showering compared to avoidance of urinating in pools (60.1 vs. 47.1%). Eleven themes were identified across the following eight TDF domains: beliefs about consequences (n = 362 comments), social influences (n = 298), beliefs about capabilities (n = 240), social/professional role and identity (n = 144), knowledge (n = 138), emotions (n = 137), reinforcement (n = 78), and environmental context and resources (n = 33). Results can help to inform targeted educational and outreach strategies with bathers to encourage increased adoption of hygienic behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Young
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada E-mail:
| | - Paige Robillard
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada E-mail:
| | - Pauline Loeffler
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada E-mail:
| | - Fatih Sekercioglu
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada E-mail:
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The Impact on Dietary Outcomes of Celebrities and Influencers in Marketing Unhealthy Foods to Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030434. [PMID: 35276800 PMCID: PMC8837952 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Celebrities, including influencers, are commonly used to market products that are high in fat, sugar, and salt (HFSS) to children but the impact on dietary outcomes has been unclear. The primary aim of this study was to systematically review the literature and quantify the impact of celebrities in HFSS marketing on children’s dietary outcomes. We searched eight databases and included studies from all countries and languages published from 2009 until August 2021. Participants were defined as under 16 years, exposure was marketing for HFSS products with a celebrity, and the outcomes were dietary preference, purchasing behaviors, and consumption of HFSS products. We were able to conduct a meta-analysis for consumption outcomes. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria, of which three were included in the meta-analysis. Under experimental conditions, the use of celebrities in HFSS marketing compared to non-food marketing was found to significantly increase consumption of the marketed HFSS product by 56.4 kcals (p = 0.021). There was limited evidence on the impact on preference or purchase intentions and on the comparisons between use and non-use of celebrities and influencers.
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Lim MSC, Molenaar A, Brennan L, Reid M, McCaffrey T. Young Adults' Use of Different Social Media Platforms for Health Information: Insights From Web-Based Conversations. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e23656. [PMID: 35040796 PMCID: PMC8808344 DOI: 10.2196/23656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social media–delivered health promotion has demonstrated limited uptake and effectiveness among young adults. Understanding how young adults interact with existing social media platforms for health might provide insight for future health promotion interventions. Objective The aim of this study is to describe how young adults interact with different social media platforms for health and health information. Methods We used a web-based conversation methodology to collect data from 165 young adults aged 18 to 24 years. Participants participated in an extended conversation with moderators and other participants about health and social media. They were prompted to discuss how they find health information, how they use different social media platforms, and how they evaluate the trustworthiness of information. A thematic qualitative analysis was applied to the data. Results Young adults spent a lot of time scrolling through Facebook newsfeeds, which often resulted in seeing health-related content either from their friends, news sources, or advertisements. Some actively sought out information about specific health areas by joining groups or following relevant pages. YouTube was considered a useful source for learning about everything and was often the go-to when searching for information or advice (after Google). Young adults found the video format easy to learn from. They stated that they could identify accurate YouTube health content by cross-checking multiple videos, by feeling that the presenter was real and relatable, or just through instinctively judging a video’s credibility. Instagram was a source of inspiration for health and wellness from those whose lives were dedicated to healthy lifestyles and fitness. Twitter, Tumblr, and Snapchat were rarely used for health information. Conclusions Most young adults obtain health information from social media, both actively and through passive exposure. Participants indicated looking to social media influencers for health and lifestyle inspiration and judged the credibility of sources by appearance and instinct. Health experts should try to use the channels in the way that young adults already use them; use relatable role models on Instagram and YouTube, eye-catching headlines and support groups on Facebook, and easy to follow instruction videos via YouTube. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1111/1747-0080.12448
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S C Lim
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Mike Reid
- RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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Honora A, Wang KY, Chih WH. How does information overload about COVID-19 vaccines influence individuals' vaccination intentions? The roles of cyberchondria, perceived risk, and vaccine skepticism. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022; 130:107176. [PMID: 35013641 PMCID: PMC8730468 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This research proposes and tests an integrated model to explain how information overload influence vaccine skepticism and vaccination intention. In addition, this research investigates the effectiveness of using a celebrity endorsement strategy in promoting vaccination and compares its effectiveness with other endorsement types. A survey study (Study 1) was conducted to examine the mechanism underlying the impact of the COVID-19 vaccine information overload on vaccine skepticism that, subsequently, affects vaccination intention. It also examined the moderating role of celebrity endorsement trustworthiness. The results indicate that information overload positively influenced vaccine skepticism through cyberchondria and perceived risk of the vaccine, which subsequently reduces vaccination intention. The negative effect of vaccine skepticism on vaccination intention was weakened by the celebrity endorsement that was considered trustworthy. A follow-up experimental study (Study 2) was performed to compare the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement with other endorsement types (i.e., government official and medical expert endorsements). The results showed that the celebrity endorsement was more effective in mitigating the negative effect of vaccine skepticism on vaccination intention compared to government official and medical expert. The findings provide practical insights into how governments can minimize people's vaccine skeptical views and increase their vaccination intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreawan Honora
- Department of Business Administration, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd, Shoufeng, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Yu Wang
- Department of Marketing, International Business and Strategy, Goodman School of Business, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S3A1, Canada
| | - Wen-Hai Chih
- Department of Business Administration, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd, Shoufeng, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan, ROC
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Selkie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
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17
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Zhao X, Coxe SJ, Timmons AC, Frazier SL. Mental Health Information Seeking Online: A Google Trends Analysis of ADHD. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2021; 49:357-373. [PMID: 34553276 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-021-01168-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Health information influences consumer decision making to seek, select, and utilize services. Online searching for mental health information is increasingly common, especially by adolescents and parents. We examined historical trends and factors that may influence population-level patterns in information seeking for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We extracted Google Trends data from January 2004 to February 2020. Keywords included "ADHD," "ADHD treatment," "ADHD medication," and "ADHD therapy." We examined trends (systematic change over time) and seasonality (repeating pattern of change) via time-series analyses and graphics. We also used interrupted time-series analyses to examine the impact of celebrity and pharmaceutical events. Queries of "ADHD medication" increase, while queries for "ADHD therapy" remain relatively low despite a positive linear trend. Searches for "ADHD treatment" displayed a downward trend in more recent years. Analyses on seasonality revealed that holiday breaks coincided with a decrease in search interest, while post-break periods illustrated a rise, and the ADHD Awareness Month (October) coincided with a rise of public interest in all four search terms. Celebrity effects were more prominent in earlier years; the "Own It" pharmaceutical campaign may have increased ADHD awareness and the specificity of searches for "ADHD medication." The anonymous, accessible, and low-cost nature of seeking information online makes search engines like Google important sources of mental health information. Changing search patterns in response to seasonal, advocacy, and media events highlight internet-based opportunities for raising awareness and disseminating empirically supported information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts, Sciences, & Education, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, USA.
| | - Stefany J Coxe
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts, Sciences, & Education, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, USA
| | - Adela C Timmons
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts, Sciences, & Education, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, USA
| | - Stacy L Frazier
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts, Sciences, & Education, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, USA
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18
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Ketelhut S, Martin-Niedecken AL, Zimmermann P, Nigg CR. Physical Activity and Health Promotion in Esports and Gaming-Discussing Unique Opportunities for an Unprecedented Cultural Phenomenon. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:693700. [PMID: 34604743 PMCID: PMC8481377 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.693700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to long periods of sedentary behavior, and unhealthy diets gamers and esports players are at risk for numerous chronic diseases and all-cause mortality. Health research has started addressing the public health implications of the esports phenomenon, drawing a bleak picture of this megatrend. However, instead of just highlighting adverse public health implications of this trend, it is recommended to become involved in this phenomenon and positively influence it. Esports has an enormous potential for physical activity and health-promoting efforts, provides a context for broadly disseminating interventions, and offers new ways of gaining access to an often-neglected population. This paper presents: the potential of the esports phenomenon to promote physical activity, health, and well-being in gamers and esports players; the strategic and preventive solutions to ameliorate esports possible adverse health impacts; and the utilization of esports technology (streams, media platforms, exergames, etc.) as an innovative health promotion tool, especially reaching gamers and esports players with attractive and interactive interventions. This is to encourage systematic scientific research so that evidence-based guidelines and intervention strategies involving regular physical activity, healthy diet, and sleep hygiene for esports will be developed. The goal is to promote public health approaches that move toward a better integration of esports and gaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ketelhut
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Zimmermann
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio R. Nigg
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Batsis JA, Apolzan JW, Bagley PJ, Blunt HB, Divan V, Gill S, Golden A, Gundamraj S, Heymsfield S, Kahan S, Kopatsis K, Port A, Parks EP, Reilly CA, Rubino D, Saunders KH, Shean R, Tabaza L, Stanley A, Tchang BG, Gundumraj S, Kidambi S. A Systematic Review of Dietary Supplements and Alternative Therapies for Weight Loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1102-1113. [PMID: 34159755 PMCID: PMC8231729 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary supplements and alternative therapies are commercialized as a panacea for obesity/weight gain as a result of the minimal regulatory requirements in demonstrating efficacy. These products may indirectly undermine the value of guideline-driven obesity treatments. Included in this study is a systematic review of the literature of purported dietary supplements and alternative therapies for weight loss. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary supplements and alternative therapies for weight loss in participants aged ≥18 years. Searches of Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase (Ovid) were conducted. Risk of bias and results were summarized qualitatively. RESULTS Of the 20,504 citations retrieved in the database search, 1,743 full-text articles were reviewed, 315 of which were randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of 14 purported dietary supplements, therapies, or a combination thereof. Risk of bias and sufficiency of data varied widely. Few studies (n = 52 [16.5%]) were classified as low risk and sufficient to support efficacy. Of these, only 16 (31%) noted significant pre/post intergroup differences in weight (range: 0.3-4.93 kg). CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplements and alternative therapies for weight loss have a limited high-quality evidence base of efficacy. Practitioners and patients should be aware of the scientific evidence of claims before recommending use.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Department of Nutrition, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John W. Apolzan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Sysytem, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Gill
- University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | | | | | - Steven Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Sysytem, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Scott Kahan
- Director, National Center for Weight and Wellness, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC
| | | | - Ava Port
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth Prout Parks
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Healthy Weight Program, Perelman Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Clifford A. Reilly
- The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Burlington VT
| | - Domenica Rubino
- Washington Center for Weight Management and Research, Arlington, VA
| | - Katherine H. Saunders
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ryan Shean
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Luai Tabaza
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abishek Stanley
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Sysytem, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Beverly G. Tchang
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Shivani Gundumraj
- AT Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, Mesa, AZ
| | - Srividya Kidambi
- Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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20
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Zsila Á, Orosz G, McCutcheon LE, Demetrovics Z. Individual Differences in the Association Between Celebrity Worship and Subjective Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Gender and Age. Front Psychol 2021; 12:651067. [PMID: 34054654 PMCID: PMC8160122 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of celebrity worship with mental health concerns has been extensively studied in the past two decades. However, there is a lack of research on basic demographic characteristics that can potentially alter the link between celebrity admiration and different aspects of mental health. The present study investigates the possible moderating role of gender, age, and opposite/same-gender celebrity selection on the association of celebrity worship with general well-being, self-esteem and perceived daytime sleepiness. A total of 1763 Hungarian adults (66.42% men, M age = 37.2 years, SD = 11.4) completed an online survey focusing on attitudes and behaviors relating to celebrities and mental well-being. The moderation analysis showed that (i) the negative association between celebrity worship and self-esteem was slightly stronger for women than for men, and (ii) the association between celebrity worship and perceived daytime sleepiness was slightly stronger for younger individuals than for older ones. Although both gender and age were particularly weak moderators, these results draw the attention to some potential individual differences when interpreting links between celebrity worship and different aspects of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Zsila
- Institute of Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Orosz
- Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Laboratoire Sherpas, Université d’Artois, Liévin, France
| | | | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Zhou M, Kraak V. A mixed-methods study of American Millennials' views about celebrity endorsement of foods and beverages. Health Promot Int 2021; 37:6242730. [PMID: 33880518 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
More than one-third of American Millennial adults have obesity, and a significant amount of their household budget is spent on purchasing energy-dense and nutrient-poor food and beverage products. Consumers' brand awareness and purchasing behaviors are influenced by celebrity credibility measured by trustworthiness, expertise and attractiveness; and celebrity 'fit' between products, brands and consumer' self-image. This empirical mixed-methods study combined Q methodology with questionnaires to explore the shared and distinct viewpoints of demographically diverse Millennial adults about celebrity endorsement of food and beverage products or marketing campaigns in the United States (USA). Millennials (n = 40; aged 26-39 years) sorted photo images (n = 48) of US celebrities associated with branded food and beverage product endorsements on a 9-point normal distribution scale from 'most trusted' (+4) to 'most distrusted' (-4). Participants also completed a 4-item post Q-sort questionnaire to interpret their thoughts during the card sorting process, and a 3-item questionnaire to examine their views about celebrity credibility, 'fit' and multiple brand and product endorsements. Three distinct viewpoints were identified that included: (i) healthy lifestyle champions who trusted celebrities associated with healthy products or campaigns; (ii) female role-model admirers who trusted female celebrities associated with positive social impacts and (ii) African-American celebrity fans who trusted African-American celebrities who endorsed any brand or products. Qualitative analysis of the questionnaire identified the potential negative influence of celebrity endorsement for unhealthy products on Millennials' dietary behaviors. Businesses and organizations should carefully select credible celebrities trusted by Millennials to encourage food and beverage products associated with a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Public Health Department, University of California Merced, 5200 N. Lake Rd, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Vivica Kraak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 257 Wallace Hall, 295 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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22
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Yu Y, Lau JTF, She R, Chen X, Li L, Li L, Chen X. Prevalence and associated factors of intention of COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers in China: application of the Health Belief Model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2894-2902. [PMID: 33877955 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1909327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at an increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and warrant COVID-19 vaccination to reduce nosocomial infections. This study investigated: (1) the prevalence of behavioral intention of COVID-19 vaccination (BICV) under eight scenarios combining vaccines' effectiveness/safety/cost, plus two general scenarios of free/self-paid vaccination given governmental/hospital recommendations, (2) perceptions involving preferred timing of COVID-19 vaccination and impacts of various attributes on BICV, and (3) factors of BICV based on the Health Belief Model. An anonymous online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,254 full-time doctors/nurses in three Chinese provinces during 10/2020-11/2020. The prevalence of BICV was 75.1%/68.0% among nurses/doctors under the most optimum scenario of this study (free/80% effectiveness/rare mild side effects); it dropped to 64.6%/56.5% if it costed 600 Yuan (USD90). Similar prevalence was obtained (72.7%/71.2%) if the vaccination was recommended by the government/hospitals but dropped to <50% if effectiveness was 50% or mild side effects were common; 13.0% preferred to take up COVID-19 vaccination at the soonest (81.8% would wait and see). Scientific proof (completion of phase III clinical trials and approval from health authorities) was rated the highest in its impacts on vaccination decision, followed by vaccines' performance, and then logistics. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that perceived severity, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy (but neither perceived susceptibility nor perceived barriers) were significantly associated with the two BICV outcomes. The coverage of COVID-19 vaccination would be high only if the vaccines perform well. Health promotion may take the findings into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yu
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph T F Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui She
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Liping Li
- School of Public Health, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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23
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Tejada-Llacsa PJ, Villacorta-Landeo P, Aguilar-Buitrón E, Alarcón GS, Ugarte-Gil MF. Interest on the internet for systemic lupus erythematosus: Analysis of Google Trends in Latin American countries. Lupus 2021; 30:1342-1346. [PMID: 33874814 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211010337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Information available on the internet about Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) can influence the doctor-patient relationship. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the terms used for SLE on the internet. METHODS We analyzed the data downloaded from Google Trends, considering the term "Lupus" in a six-year web-based research. The frequency of the terms for each Pan-American country was obtained automatically from Google Trends, which reports relative search volumes or RSV (on a scale from 0 to 100) across regions. RESULTS We obtained a total of 67 registered terms in 18 countries. The terms were distributed into five categories. The categories with interest in all countries were "definition" and "symptoms". CONCLUSIONS Google Trends allows us to find useful information about SLE on the internet; once the accuracy of this information is validated, it can be used by patients, health institutions, rheumatologists and other health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Tejada-Llacsa
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Perú.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Pamela Villacorta-Landeo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.,Asociación para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Estudiantil en Ciencias de la Salud (ADIECS), Lima, Perú
| | - Eder Aguilar-Buitrón
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.,Asociación para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Estudiantil en Ciencias de la Salud (ADIECS), Lima, Perú
| | - Graciela S Alarcón
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Manuel F Ugarte-Gil
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Perú.,Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
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24
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Dzaye O, Berning P, Adelhoefer S, Duebgen M, Blankstein R, Mahesh M, Nasir K, Blumenthal RS, Mortensen MB, Blaha MJ. Temporal Trends and Interest in Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring Over Time: An Infodemiology Study. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2021; 5:456-465. [PMID: 33997641 PMCID: PMC8105517 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate interest in coronary artery calcium (CAC) among the general public during the past 17 years and to compare trends with real-world data on number of CAC procedures performed. Methods We used Google Trends, a publicly available database, to access search query data in a systematic and quantitative fashion to search for CAC-related key terms. Search terms included calcium test, heart score, calcium score, coronary calcium, and calcium test score. We accessed Google Trends in January 2021 and analyzed data from 2004 to 2020. Results From 2004 to December 31, 2020, CAC-related search interest (in relative search volume) increased continually worldwide (+201.9%) and in the United States (+354.8%). Three main events strongly influenced search interest in CAC: reports of a CAC scan of the president of the United States led to a transient 10-fold increase in early January 2018. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline release led to a sustained increase, and lockdown after the global pandemic due to COVID-19 led to a transient decrease. Real-world data on performed CAC scans showed an increase between 2006 and 2017 (+200.0%); during the same time period, relative search volume for CAC-related search terms increased in a similar pattern (+70.6%-1511.1%). For the search term coronary calcium scan near me, a potential representative of active online search for CAC scanning, we found a +28.8% increase in 2020 compared with 2017. Conclusion Google Trends, a valuable tool for assessing public interest in health-related topics, suggests increased overall interest in CAC during the last 17 years that mirrors real-world usage data. Increased interest is seemingly linked to reports of CAC testing in world leaders and endorsement in major guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Dzaye
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: Address to Omar Dzaye, MD, PhD, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Blalock 524D1, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287.
| | - Philipp Berning
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Siegfried Adelhoefer
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Duebgen
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mahadevappa Mahesh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Martin Bødtker Mortensen
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael J. Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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25
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Gandhi R, Cook CL, LaMastra N, Uttarapong J, Wohn DY. An Exploration of Mental Health Discussions in Live Streaming Gaming Communities. Front Psychol 2021; 12:575653. [PMID: 33796040 PMCID: PMC8007960 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.575653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Live streaming is a unique form of media that creates a direct line of interaction between streamers and viewers. While previous research has explored the social motivations of those who stream and watch streams in the gaming community, there is a lack of research that investigates intimate self-disclosure in this context, such as discussing sensitive topics like mental health on platforms such as Twitch.tv. This study aims to explore discussions about mental health in gaming live streams to better understand how people perceive discussions of mental health in this new media context. The context of live streaming is particularly interesting as it facilitates social interactions that are masspersonal in nature: the streamer broadcasts to a larger, mostly unknown audience, but can also interact in a personal way with viewers. In this study, we interviewed Twitch viewers about the streamers they view, how and to what extent they discuss mental health on their channels in relation to gaming, how other viewers reacted to these discussions, and what they think about live streams, gaming-focused or otherwise, as a medium for mental health discussions. Through these interviews, our team was able to establish a baseline of user perception of mental health in gaming communities on Twitch that extends our understanding of how social media and live streaming can be used for mental health conversations. Our first research question unraveled that mental health discussions happen in a variety of ways on Twitch, including during gaming streams, Just Chatting talks, and through the stream chat. Our second research question showed that streamers handle mental health conversations on their channels in a variety of ways. These depend on how they have built their channel, which subsequently impacts how viewers perceive mental health. Lastly, we learned that viewers' reactions to mental health discussions depend on their motivations for watching the stream such as learning about the game, being entertained, and more. We found that more discussions about mental health on Twitch led to some viewers being more cautious when talking about mental health to show understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reesha Gandhi
- Social Interaction Lab, Department of Informatics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Christine L Cook
- Social Interaction Lab, Department of Informatics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Nina LaMastra
- Social Interaction Lab, Department of Informatics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Jirassaya Uttarapong
- Social Interaction Lab, Department of Informatics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Donghee Yvette Wohn
- Social Interaction Lab, Department of Informatics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
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26
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Zhou M, Rincón-Gallardo Patiño S, Hedrick VE, Kraak VI. An accountability evaluation for the responsible use of celebrity endorsement by the food and beverage industry to promote healthy food environments for young Americans: A narrative review to inform obesity prevention policy. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13094. [PMID: 32686243 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that celebrity endorsement is a marketing strategy primarily used to promote highly processed food and beverage products to children and adolescents, which negatively influences their diet quality and increases their risks of obesity. This study conducted an accountability evaluation to examine government, expert, and industry policies, guidelines, recommendations, and practices regarding using celebrity endorsement to support healthy marketing environment for young Americans. This study used the National Academy of Medicine's LEAD principles (i.e., locate, evaluate, and assemble evidence to inform decisions) to identify and synthesize relevant evidence between January 2000 and December 2019. We categorized the evidence in a five-step accountability framework and assigned each step a progress score (i.e., none, limited, some, and extensive). The findings showed that the US government made no progress to appoint an independent empowered body to evaluate celebrity endorsement practices. Stakeholders made some progress to take and hold industry and government to account and limited progress to share the account and to strengthen accountability structures. We suggest actions for diverse stakeholders to substantially strengthen accountability structures to ensure that celebrity endorsement is used to promote only healthy food environments to reduce obesity risks for young Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | | | - Valisa E Hedrick
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Vivica I Kraak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
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27
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Harris J, Atkinson A, Mink M, Porcellato L. Young People's Experiences and Perceptions of YouTuber-Produced Health Content: Implications for Health Promotion. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2020; 48:199-207. [PMID: 33246387 PMCID: PMC7961622 DOI: 10.1177/1090198120974964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The growing diversity and uptake of social media has increased the sources of health information available to young people. YouTube is one of the most popular social media platforms for young people in the United Kingdom, and YouTubers are the most important influencers on the platform producing diverse health content. They are increasingly recognized by popular media and public health organizations as a potentially influential source of health information for young people. This study aimed to qualitatively explore young people’s experiences and perceptions of YouTuber health content. Focus groups (November 2017 to January 2018) with 85 young people (13–18 years) were recruited from schools in a single county in North West England. The findings suggest young people’s engagement with YouTuber health content is dependent on how they encounter it, YouTubers’ motivations for producing it, and the perceived relatability, sincerity, and generalization present in this content. The study confirms YouTuber health content was one of the many sources of health information used by young people and was most frequently encountered during young people’s routine viewing. Collaboration between public health organizations and YouTubers could be promising in communicating health messages to young people already engaged with these YouTubers, as part of wider campaigns or interventions. These messages could be particularly effective if they focused on experiences and norms rather than advice, remained consistent with YouTubers’ existing health content, incorporate clear indicators of accuracy into their narrative, and state their intention to benefit young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Harris
- Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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28
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Bird CE, Kozin ED, Connors S, LoBue C, Abdullah K. A Quantitative Analysis of Social Media to Determine Trends in Brain Tumor Care and Treatment. Cureus 2020; 12:e11530. [PMID: 33354474 PMCID: PMC7746327 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 80,000 primary brain tumors are diagnosed annually. Social media provides a source of information and support for patients diagnosed with brain tumors; however, use of this forum for dissemination of information about brain tumors has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate social media utilization and content related to brain tumors with an emphasis on patients’ trends in usage. Methods Social media platforms were systematically evaluated using two search methods: systematic manual inquiry and a keyword-based social media tracker. The search terms included brain tumor, glioblastoma, glioma, and glioblastoma multiforme. Social media content (which includes Facebook pages and groups, YouTube videos, and Twitter or Instagram accounts) and posts were assessed for activity (as quantified by views of posts) and analyzed using a categorization framework. Results The manual and keyword searches identified 946 sources of social media content, with a total count of 7,184,846 points of engagement. Social media platforms had significant variations in content type. YouTube was the largest social media platform for sharing content related to brain tumors overall, with an emphasis on surgical videos and documented patient experiences. Facebook accounted for the majority of patient-to-patient support, and Twitter was the most common platform for scientific dissemination. Overall social media content was mostly focused on treatment overviews and patient experience. When evaluated by search term, most social media posts by the “brain tumor” community shared illness narratives, and searches specific to “glioma” and “glioblastoma” demonstrated a higher proportion of educational and treatment posts. Conclusions This study presents novel observations of the characteristics of social media utilization for the online brain tumor community. A robust patient community exists online, with an emphasis on sharing personal narratives, treatment information, patient-to-patient support, treatment options, and fundraising events. This study provides a window to the role of social media utilization by patients, their families, and health professionals. These findings demonstrate the different roles of Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter in the rapidly changing era of social media and its relationship with neurosurgery and neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cylaina E Bird
- Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | | | - Scott Connors
- Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Christian LoBue
- Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Kalil Abdullah
- Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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Abstract
Traumatic injury is a substantial burden for public health. Injury prevention can reduce the risk of injury by promoting healthy behaviors. It is unknown whether injury prevention education shared on social media is effective at promoting behavior change to reduce injuries. The purpose of this integrative review is to identify the influence of social media in providing injury prevention education to the public. An integrative literature review was conducted. The following databases were searched: CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Applied Science & Technology Source. Studies were included if they were published between 2006 and 2018. Exclusion criteria included self-inflicted or intentional injuries, postinjury online interventions, support groups, online surveys, blogs, editorial content, YouTube videos, or studies of online surveillance tools.The initial search yielded 583 studies. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria. Two major themes were identified: social media content analysis and injury prevention through social media.The public is actively discussing injuries on social media, although unregulated online content may deliver inaccurate or false messages. Online conversation intensifies when major news stories are released, particularly when a celebrity or athlete is involved. Public health should use these patterns of major news stories to influence and shape online conversations about injury. Social media offers opportunity to understand, and trend, public perception of injuries. Additional research is needed to measure the effect of injury prevention delivered over social media.
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Jenkins EL, Ilicic J, Barklamb AM, McCaffrey TA. Assessing the Credibility and Authenticity of Social Media Content for Applications in Health Communication: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e17296. [PMID: 32706675 PMCID: PMC7413282 DOI: 10.2196/17296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutrition science is currently facing issues regarding the public’s perception of its credibility, with social media (SM) influencers increasingly becoming a key source for nutrition-related information with high engagement rates. Source credibility and, to an extent, authenticity have been widely studied in marketing and communications but have not yet been considered in the context of nutrition or health communication. Thus, an investigation into the factors that impact perceived source and message credibility and authenticity is of interest to inform health communication on SM. Objective This study aims to explore the factors that impact message and source credibility (which includes trustworthiness and expertise) or authenticity judgments on SM platforms to better inform nutrition science SM communication best practices. Methods A total of 6 databases across a variety of disciplines were searched in March 2019. The inclusion criteria were experimental studies, studies focusing on microblogs, studies focusing on healthy adult populations, and studies focusing on either source credibility or authenticity. Exclusion criteria were studies involving participants aged under 18 years and clinical populations, gray literature, blogs, WeChat conversations, web-based reviews, non-English papers, and studies not involving participants’ perceptions. Results Overall, 22 eligible papers were included, giving a total of 25 research studies. Among these studies, Facebook and Twitter were the most common SM platforms investigated. The most effective communication style differed depending on the SM platform. Factors reported to impact credibility included language used online, expertise heuristics, and bandwagon heuristics. No papers were found that assessed authenticity. Conclusions Credibility and authenticity are important concepts studied extensively in the marketing and communications disciplines; however, further research is required in a health context. Instagram is a less-researched platform in comparison with Facebook and Twitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L Jenkins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
| | - Jasmina Ilicic
- Monash Business School, Monash University, Caulfield East, Australia
| | - Amy M Barklamb
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
| | - Tracy A McCaffrey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
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Nagi R, Campus B, Bhardwaj V, Hoffman SJ. Health is global: Four ways that global health shapes the practice of Canadian family physicians. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2020; 66:478-482. [PMID: 32675090 PMCID: PMC7365160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Nagi
- Master's degree candidate at the London School of Economics & Political Science in London, Engl, and is a Research Fellow in the Global Strategy Lab at York University in Toronto, Ont
| | | | | | - Steven J Hoffman
- Dahdaleh Distinguished Chair in Global Governance & Legal Epidemiology, Professor of Global Health, Law, and Political Science, and Director of the Global Strategy Lab.
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Nagi R, Campus B, Bhardwaj V, Hoffman SJ. [Not Available]. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2020; 66:486-490. [PMID: 32675092 PMCID: PMC7365146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Nagi
- Candidate à la maîtrise à la London School of Economics & Political Science à Londres, en Angleterre, et boursière de recherche au Global Strategy Lab de l'Université York à Toronto (Ontario)
| | - Brooke Campus
- Coordonnatrice de la recherche au Global Strategy Lab
| | | | - Steven J Hoffman
- Titulaire distingué de la Chaire de recherche Dahdaleh en gouvernance mondiale et en épidémiologie légale, professeur en santé mondiale, en droit et en sciences politiques, de même que directeur du Global Strategy Lab.
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33
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Jenkins EL, Ilicic J, Molenaar A, Chin S, McCaffrey TA. Strategies to Improve Health Communication: Can Health Professionals be Heroes? Nutrients 2020; 12:E1861. [PMID: 32580495 PMCID: PMC7353280 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Communicating evidence-based nutrition messages to the public is challenging and is often in conflict with popular opinions, particularly from social media influencers (SMIs). In order to increase engagement with nutrition professionals (NPs) on social media, we aimed to explore young adults' perceptions of the authenticity and trustworthiness of SMIs and NPs Instagram posts. A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to students (n = 149) from an Australian University. Participants viewed a real-life Instagram profile and one post from both a NP and a SMI. Main outcomes were post authenticity and trustworthiness, and emotional message appeals measured on five-point Likert scales. Regression models were developed to assess whose post (the NP or SMI) was perceived to be more authentic and trustworthy. Participants were young adults (median age (25th, 75th percentiles): 20 (19,21)), with approximately half identifying as female. A high heroic message appeal (+1SD above mean) significantly increased the perceived authenticity of the NPs post only (p = 0.01). Post authenticity enhanced post trustworthiness, but only when a heroic message appeal was used by the NP. When appropriate, NPs should convey positive emotions such as bravery and success to enhance the authenticity and trustworthiness of their posts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L. Jenkins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill 3168, Australia; (E.L.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Jasmina Ilicic
- Monash Business School, Monash University, Caulfield East 3145, Australia;
| | - Annika Molenaar
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill 3168, Australia; (E.L.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Shinyi Chin
- School of Media and Communications, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne 3004, Australia;
| | - Tracy A. McCaffrey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill 3168, Australia; (E.L.J.); (A.M.)
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Martinez-Berman L, McCutcheon L, Huynh HP. Is the worship of celebrities associated with resistance to vaccinations? Relationships between celebrity admiration, anti-vaccination attitudes, and beliefs in conspiracy. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 26:1063-1072. [PMID: 32551900 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1778754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinations and anti-vaccination attitudes have reclaimed the spotlight as a crucial health behavior because of the recent surge in outbreaks of preventable diseases. One factor that may be contributing to this trend is the outspoken role that anti-vaccination celebrities play. The main purpose of the present study was to determine whether anti-vaccination attitudes are related to celebrity admiration. We hypothesized a positive correlation between anti-vaccination attitudes and celebrity interest and admiration. We also hypothesized that persons who are very concerned about the commercial profiteering of vaccinations will also tend to believe in conspiracies. Participants (N = 320, 40% female, mean age = 36.28, SD = 11.32) completed the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) and the Vaccination Attitudes Examination Scale (VAX) through an online survey management system. We found significant positive associations between anti-vaccination attitudes and celebrity admiration and interest. However, celebrity admiration and interest did not correlate with mistrust of vaccine benefits, as measured by a subdomain of the VAX. Additionally, we found that concerns about commercial profiteering from vaccines correlated with beliefs in conspiracy theories. Our study suggests a new way of approaching people's anti-vaccination attitudes that may be used to effectively educate the public about the importance of vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn McCutcheon
- Editorial Office, North American Journal of Psychology, Winter Garden, Florida, USA
| | - Ho P Huynh
- Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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35
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Kresovich A, Noar SM. The Power of Celebrity Health Events: Meta-analysis of the Relationship between Audience Involvement and Behavioral Intentions. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 25:501-513. [PMID: 32990198 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2020.1818148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Audience involvement processes - such as parasocial interaction and identification - may impact an individual's response to celebrity health events, yet to date, no synthesis of the literature exists. The present meta-analysis examined audience involvement processes and their influence on health behavior intentions in the context of celebrity health events. Fourteen studies (N = 5,718) met criteria and were analyzed using meta-analytic procedures. The weighted mean effect of the association between audience involvement and behavioral intentions was r = 0.20 (95% CI, 0.08-0.31, p <.001), indicating a statistically significant small-to-medium-sized positive association. Moderator analyses revealed that celebrity disclosures and events had greater effects than depictions of a media persona with a health condition; greater effects were also found for health behaviors not requiring a medical procedure. Our findings suggest that those who most feel a sense of attachment or affinity for a celebrity or media personae may be the ones who are most likely to modify their behavioral intentions in the wake of a celebrity health event. Results highlight the need for health practitioners to recognize the role of audience involvement in celebrity health events and to better assess how to harness these opportunities to promote healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kresovich
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Seth M Noar
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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36
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Steenaart E, Crutzen R, de Vries NK. Implementation of an interactive organ donation education program for Dutch lower-educated students: a process evaluation. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:739. [PMID: 32434504 PMCID: PMC7238559 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As organ donation registration rates remain low, especially among lower-educated people, it is important to support this group in making their registration decision. To prepare lower-educated students in the Netherlands for making a well-informed decision, an interactive educational program was developed. We aim to understand both the (quality of) implementation as well as to contextualize the effects of this program in a lower-educated school setting. METHODS The process evaluation was part of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, in which 11 schools for Intermediate Vocational Education throughout the Netherlands participated. Teachers who taught a course on Citizenship delivered three intervention elements (i.e. video fragments and discussion, quizzes with tailored feedback and an exercise filling out a registration form) to their students. Implementation was assessed by interviews with teachers, questionnaires from students, logbooks from teachers and user data from Google Analytics. RESULTS The program was well received and implemented, but on-the-spot adaptations were made by teachers to fit their students better. Within the lower-educated target group, differences between students are high in terms of active participation, reading abilities, knowledge and attention span. The program fit well within their regular teaching activities, but the topic of organ donation is not always prioritized by teachers. CONCLUSIONS We see opportunities to disseminate the program on a larger scale and reach a group that has been neglected in organ donation education before. Within the program, there are possibilities to increase the effectiveness of the program, such as alternative delivery methods for the elements with a lot of text, the addition of booster sessions and guidelines for teachers to adapt the program to students of different levels within Intermediate Vocational Education. Moreover, in order to have an impact on a national level, strategies need to be employed to reach high numbers of students and, therefore, support on a higher level is needed (both within schools and at policy level). TRIAL REGISTRATION Dutch Trial Register, NTR6771. Prospectively registered on 24 October 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Steenaart
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rik Crutzen
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne K de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Adamski M, Truby H, M. Klassen K, Cowan S, Gibson S. Using the Internet: Nutrition Information-Seeking Behaviours of Lay People Enrolled in a Massive Online Nutrition Course. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030750. [PMID: 32178291 PMCID: PMC7146568 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
People's accessibility to nutrition information is now near universal due to internet access, and the information available varies in its scientific integrity and provider expertise. Understanding the information-seeking behaviours of the public is paramount for providing sound nutrition advice. This research aims to identify who learners in a nutrition-focused Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) turn to for nutrition information, and how they discuss the information they find. A multi-methods approach explored the information-seeking and sharing behaviours of MOOC learners. Summative content analysis, and an exploratory, inductive, qualitative approach analysed learners' posts in MOOC discussion forums. From 476 posts, the majority (58.6%) of nutrition information sources learners reported were from websites. Providers of nutrition information were most commonly (34%) tertiary educated individuals lacking identifiable nutrition qualifications; 19% had no identifiable author information, and only 5% were from nutrition professionals. Qualitative themes identified that learners used nutrition information to learn, teach and share nutrition information. Consistent with connectivist learning theory, learners contributed their own sources of nutrition information to discussions, using their own knowledge networks to teach and share information. Nutrition professionals need to understand the principles of connectivist learning behaviours in order to effectively engage the public.
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38
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Abstract
The internet has become a popular resource to learn about health and to investigate one's own health condition. However, given the large amount of inaccurate information online, people can easily become misinformed. Individuals have always obtained information from outside the formal health care system, so how has the internet changed people's engagement with health information? This review explores how individuals interact with health misinformation online, whether it be through search, user-generated content, or mobile apps. We discuss whether personal access to information is helping or hindering health outcomes and how the perceived trustworthiness of the institutions communicating health has changed over time. To conclude, we propose several constructive strategies for improving the online information ecosystem. Misinformation concerning health has particularly severe consequences with regard to people's quality of life and even their risk of mortality; therefore, understanding it within today's modern context is an extremely important task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony Swire-Thompson
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; , .,Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - David Lazer
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; , .,Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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39
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DeSmet A, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Chastin S, Crombez G, Maddison R, Cardon G. Adults' Preferences for Behavior Change Techniques and Engagement Features in a Mobile App to Promote 24-Hour Movement Behaviors: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e15707. [PMID: 31859680 PMCID: PMC6942183 DOI: 10.2196/15707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a limited understanding of components that should be included in digital interventions for 24-hour movement behaviors (physical activity [PA], sleep, and sedentary behavior [SB]). For intervention effectiveness, user engagement is important. This can be enhanced by a user-centered design to, for example, explore and integrate user preferences for intervention techniques and features. Objective This study aimed to examine adult users’ preferences for techniques and features in mobile apps for 24-hour movement behaviors. Methods A total of 86 participants (mean age 37.4 years [SD 9.2]; 49/86, 57% female) completed a Web-based survey. Behavior change techniques (BCTs) were based on a validated taxonomy v2 by Abraham and Michie, and engagement features were based on a list extracted from the literature. Behavioral data were collected using Fitbit trackers. Correlations, (repeated measures) analysis of variance, and independent sample t tests were used to examine associations and differences between and within users by the type of health domain and users’ behavioral intention and adoption. Results Preferences were generally the highest for information on the health consequences of movement behavior self-monitoring, behavioral feedback, insight into healthy lifestyles, and tips and instructions. Although the same ranking was found for techniques across behaviors, preferences were stronger for all but one BCT for PA in comparison to the other two health behaviors. Although techniques fit user preferences for addressing PA well, supplemental techniques may be able to address preferences for sleep and SB in a better manner. In addition to what is commonly included in apps, sleep apps should consider providing tips for sleep. SB apps may wish to include more self-regulation and goal-setting techniques. Few differences were found by users’ intentions or adoption to change a particular behavior. Apps should provide more self-monitoring (P=.03), information on behavior health outcome (P=.048), and feedback (P=.04) and incorporate social support (P=.048) to help those who are further removed from healthy sleep. A virtual coach (P<.001) and video modeling (P=.004) may provide appreciated support to those who are physically less active. PA self-monitoring appealed more to those with an intention to change PA (P=.03). Social comparison and support features are not high on users’ agenda and may not be needed from an engagement point of view. Engagement features may not be very relevant for user engagement but should be examined in future research with a less reflective method. Conclusions The findings of this study provide guidance for the design of digital 24-hour movement behavior interventions. As 24-hour movement guidelines are increasingly being adopted in several countries, our study findings are timely to support the design of interventions to meet these guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann DeSmet
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Foundation - Flanders, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sebastien Chastin
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Geert Crombez
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ralph Maddison
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Al-Hussaini M, Ammar K, Kasasbeh N, Sultan H, Al-Omari A. Global celebrities' effect on health awareness among Jordanians: A study using the case of Angelina Jolie. J Genet Couns 2019; 28:1021-1028. [PMID: 31386265 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Celebrities' health decisions have long been associated with heightened awareness and health trend changes. This is the first study conducted in an Arab population investigating the impact of international celebrity news on local communities using the case of Angelia Jolie's (AJ) prophylactic mastectomy and oophorectomy surgeries. The objective was to measure the effect of publicized medical information on cancer genetic testing knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). This is a cross-sectional study using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire for clinic visitors at the King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC). We had predominantly female (n = 262, 66.3%) and healthy participants (n = 248, 66.5%). Approximately 80.7% (n = 330) recognized AJ, the actress, and of these, 71% (n = 232) were aware of her recent diagnosis and prophylactic surgeries. Males reported a higher knowledge score (p < .001). However, females had more initiative to seek information (18.3% vs. 10.1%; p = .04). People aware of Angelina's prophylactic procedures were inclined to seek information regarding cancer genetics (20.8% vs. 9.6% p = .003). Breast and ovarian cancer patients were more likely than other cancer patients to encourage family members to undergo prophylactic surgery in case of BRCA1/2 mutations (39.2% vs. 17.1% p = .03). Ninety-three percent of the sample lacked knowledge regarding the availability of cancer genetic testing in Jordan. Results highlight a clear effect of celebrity medical news on our population, as well as openness to consider genetic testing as an early detection tool for women with a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Generalization of these results to the population of Jordan requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Al-Hussaini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.,Office of Human Research Protection Program (HRPP), King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khawlah Ammar
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nour Kasasbeh
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala Sultan
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amal Al-Omari
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
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Retiring the Flip Phones: Exploring Social Media Use for Managing Public Health Incidents. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019; 13:859-867. [DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2018.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective:Communication is essential during public health emergencies and incidents. This research aimed to understand current uses and challenges for public health agencies using social media during these incidents.Methods:An exploratory, qualitative study was conducted using the structured interview matrix facilitation technique. Focus groups were held with professionals from local public health agencies across Ontario, Canada. Representation from different geographic regions was sought to capture differences in participant experience. An inductive approach to content analysis was used to identify emergent themes.Results:A diverse group of public health professionals (n = 36) participated. Six themes were identified. Social media is identified as a communication tool used to expand reach of messages, to engage in dialogue with the public, and to inform the scope of potential incidents. Barriers to its use include hesitancy to adapt, lack of trust and credibility, and organizational structure and capacity constraints. Key strategies proposed to promote social media use and address barriers resulted from participant discussions and are presented.Conclusion:Social media use is highly variable across public health agencies in Ontario. This study identifies and provides strategies to address barriers and practice gaps related to public health agencies’ use of social media during emergencies.
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Ragusa AT, Crampton A. Doctor Google, Health Literacy, and Individual Behavior: A Study of University Employees’ Knowledge of Health Guidelines and Normative Practices. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2019.1590259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Forde H, Solomon-Moore E. A Qualitative Study to Understand the Potential Efficacy of an Information-Based Sugar Reduction Intervention among Low Socioeconomic Individuals in the UK. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E413. [PMID: 30709042 PMCID: PMC6388364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sugar consumption in the UK consistently exceeds recommendations, despite the association it has with poor health outcomes. Low socioeconomic groups are most likely to over-consume sugar, which could exacerbate existing health disparities. Various interventions attempt to reduce the amount of sugar consumed, but their effectiveness is still unclear. This study qualitatively explored the sugar consumption behaviours of individuals experiencing food poverty, and examined how an information-based sugar reduction intervention might influence these behaviours. Eight clients and six volunteers from a food bank in Bristol (UK) completed semi-structured, one-to-one interviews that were thematically analysed. Food bank clients appeared to heavily consume sugar, with little understanding of the associated health effects and limited awareness of the intervention. Consumption behaviours were particularly influenced by personal and psychological factors, such as mental health; in addition to social factors, like familial behaviours and food access issues. It emerged that food bank clients' often-challenging personal circumstances were likely to promote their sugar consumption. Making intervention materials visually appealing and easily comprehendible were found to be important for improving an intervention's reception. Recommendations were developed to improve the efficacy of similar information-based sugar reduction interventions among socioeconomically deprived groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Forde
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UK.
| | - Emma Solomon-Moore
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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44
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Reich JA. "We are fierce, independent thinkers and intelligent": Social capital and stigma management among mothers who refuse vaccines. Soc Sci Med 2018; 257:112015. [PMID: 30442504 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite measurable benefits of childhood vaccines, mothers with high levels of social privilege are increasingly refusing some or all vaccines for their children. These mothers are often clustered geographically or networked socially, providing information, emotional support, and validation for each other. Mothers who reject vaccines may face disapproval from others, criticism in popular culture, negative interactions with healthcare providers, and conflicts with people they know, which serve to stigmatize them. This article uses qualitative data from in-depth interviews with parents who reject vaccines, ethnographic observations, and analyses of online discussions to examine the role of social capital in networks of vaccine-refusing mothers. Specifically, this article explores how mothers provide each other information critical of vaccines, encourage a sense of one's self as empowered to question social expectations around vaccination, provide strategies for managing stigma that results from refusing vaccines, and define a sense of obligation to extend social capital to other mothers. In examining these strategies and tensions, we see how social capital can powerfully support subcultural norms that contradict broader social norms and provide sources of social support. Even as these forces are experienced as positive, they work in ways that actively undermine community health, particularly for those who are the most socially vulnerable to negative health outcomes from infection.
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45
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Klassen KM, Borleis ES, Brennan L, Reid M, McCaffrey TA, Lim MS. What People "Like": Analysis of Social Media Strategies Used by Food Industry Brands, Lifestyle Brands, and Health Promotion Organizations on Facebook and Instagram. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e10227. [PMID: 29903694 PMCID: PMC6024098 DOI: 10.2196/10227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health campaigns have struggled to gain traction with young adults using social media, even though more than 80% of young adults are using social media at least once per day. Many food industry and lifestyle brands have been successful in achieving high levels of user engagement and promoting their messages; therefore, there may be lessons to be learned by examining the successful strategies commercial brands employ. Objective This study aims to identify and quantify social media strategies used by the food industry and lifestyle brands, and health promotion organizations across the social networking sites Facebook and Instagram. Methods The six most engaging posts from the 10 most popular food industry and lifestyle brands and six health promotion organizations were included in this study. A coding framework was developed to categorize social media strategies, and engagement metrics were collected. Exploratory linear regression models were used to examine associations between strategies used and interactions on Facebook and Instagram. Results Posts from Facebook (143/227, 63.0%) and Instagram (84/227, 37.0%) were included. Photos (64%) and videos (34%) were used to enhance most posts. Different strategies were most effective for Facebook and Instagram. Strategies associated with higher Facebook interactions included links to purchasable items (beta=0.81, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.13, P<.001) featuring body image messages compared with food content (beta=1.96, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.64, P<.001), and where the content induced positive emotions (beta=0.31, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.57, P=.02). Facebook interactions were negatively associated with using pop culture (beta=–0.67, 95% CI –0.99 to –0.34, P<.001), storytelling (beta=–0.86, 95% CI –1.29 to –0.43, P<.001) or visually appealing graphics (beta=–0.53, 95% CI –0.78 to –0.28, P<.001) in their posts compared with other strategies. Posting relatable content was negatively associated with interactions on Facebook (beta=–0.29, 95% CI –0.53 to –0.06, P=.01), but positively associated on Instagram (beta=0.50, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.95, P=.03). Instagram interactions were negatively associated with weight loss (beta=–1.45, 95% CI –2.69 to –0.21, P=.02) and other content (beta=–0.81, 95% CI –1.57 to –.06, P=.04) compared with food content. Conclusions Health promotion professionals and organizations can improve engagement using positive messaging and tailoring posts appropriate for different social media channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mike Reid
- RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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46
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Adamski M, Gibson S, Leech M, Truby H. Are doctors nutritionists? What is the role of doctors in providing nutrition advice? NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Gibson
- Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - M. Leech
- Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - H. Truby
- Monash University; Melbourne Australia
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47
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Rachul C, Rasko JEJ, Caulfield T. Implicit hype? Representations of platelet rich plasma in the news media. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182496. [PMID: 28792974 PMCID: PMC5549909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) has gained popularity in recent years for treating sports-related injuries and the news media frequently reports on elite athletes’ and celebrities’ use of PRP. We conducted a content analysis of newspaper coverage of PRP in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States. Findings show that news media coverage of PRP appears most frequently in sports-related stories, and in relation to elite athletes use of PRP. PRP injections are largely portrayed as a routine treatment for sports-related injuries and newspaper articles rarely discuss the limitations or efficacy of PRP. We argue that while news media coverage of PRP exhibits very few common hallmarks of hype, its portrayal as a routine treatment used by elite athletes and celebrities creates an implicit hype. This implicit hype can contribute to public misunderstandings of the efficacy of PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen Rachul
- Office of Educational and Faculty Development, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - John E. J. Rasko
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Timothy Caulfield
- Health Law Institute, and Faculty of Law and School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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48
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Hoffman SJ, Mansoor Y, Natt N, Sritharan L, Belluz J, Caulfield T, Freedhoff Y, Lavis JN, Sharma AM. Celebrities' impact on health-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and status outcomes: protocol for a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis. Syst Rev 2017; 6:13. [PMID: 28109320 PMCID: PMC5251292 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celebrities are highly influential people whose actions and decisions are watched and often emulated by wide audiences. Many celebrities have used their prominent social standing to offer medical advice or endorse health products, a trend that is expected to increase. However, the extent of the impact that celebrities have in shaping the public's health-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and status is unclear. This systematic review seeks to answer the following questions: (1) Which health-related outcomes are influenced by celebrities? (2) How large of an impact do celebrities actually have on these health-related outcomes? (3) Under what circumstances do celebrities produce either beneficial or harmful impacts? METHODS Ten databases were searched, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, Communication Complete, Sociological Abstracts, Social Sciences Citation Index, Journals @ Scholars Portal, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. Two reviewers conducted title and abstract screening and full-text screening to identify primary studies that employed empirical methods (either quantitative or qualitative) to examine celebrities' impact on health-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, or status outcomes. DISCUSSION The results of this review will contribute to our understanding of celebrity influences and how to design positive evidence-based celebrity health promotion activities. In addition, these findings can help inform the development of media reporting guidelines pertaining to celebrity health news and provide guidance to public health authorities on whether and how to respond to or work with celebrities. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42015019268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Hoffman
- Global Strategy Lab, Centre for Health Law, Policy and Ethics, Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Department of Health Evidence and Impact and McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. .,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yasmeen Mansoor
- Global Strategy Lab, Centre for Health Law, Policy and Ethics, Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Navneet Natt
- Global Strategy Lab, Centre for Health Law, Policy and Ethics, Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lathika Sritharan
- Global Strategy Lab, Centre for Health Law, Policy and Ethics, Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Yoni Freedhoff
- Bariatric Medical Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John N Lavis
- Department of Health Evidence and Impact and McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis and Department of Political Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Arya M Sharma
- Canadian Obesity Network and Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Just JM, Bleckwenn M, Schnakenberg R, Skatulla P, Weckbecker K. Drug-related celebrity deaths: A cross-sectional study. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2016; 11:40. [PMID: 27938383 PMCID: PMC5148833 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-016-0084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celebrities are at risk for premature mortality as well as drug-related death. Despite being a vulnerable patient group, celebrities influence people's health behaviours through biological, psychological and social processes. Therefore, celebrity endorsement of the topic could be one way to challenge the current "opioid endemic". Our aim was to better understand the factors surrounding drug-related celebrity deaths by investigating the incidence as well as substances used between 1970 and 2015 using a cross-sectional study design. METHOD We searched public databases for drug-related celebrity deaths between 1970 and 2015. They were categorized for sex, profession, age at death, year of death and substances involved. The main outcome measures are descriptive values including number of drug deaths per year and substances involved. Secondary outcome measures are analytical questions to examine whether and which factors influence age at death and year of death (e.g. type of substance use disorder). RESULTS We identified 220 celebrities who died a drug-related death with a clear indication of involved substances between 1970 and 2015. The average age at death was 38.6 years; 75% were male. Most celebrities died between the age of 25 and 40. The number of drug-related deaths increased in the 21st century, with a significant increase in the use of prescription opioids. Deaths involving prescription opioids and heroin were associated with a significantly lower mean age at death compared to deaths where these substances were not involved. CONCLUSIONS Compared to the 20th century, the total number of celebrities who died from a drug-related death in the 21st century increased, possibly due to an increased involvement of prescription opioids. Negative effects on individual health decisions of celebrity's followers could be the result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M. Just
- Bonn University Clinic, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Bleckwenn
- Bonn University Clinic, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rieke Schnakenberg
- Bonn University Clinic, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Skatulla
- Bonn University Clinic, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Weckbecker
- Bonn University Clinic, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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50
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Black K, Miller K, Beck G, Moser M. What information about donation after circulatory death is available on the Internet for potential donor families? Clin Transplant 2016; 30:934-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Black
- College of Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Katherine Miller
- College of Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Gavin Beck
- Saskatchewan Renal Transplant Program; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Michael Moser
- Saskatchewan Renal Transplant Program; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
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