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Shirota Y, Otani T, Wasada S, Ito S, Mieda T, Nakamura K. Inner and outer penetrating spinal cord injuries lead to distinct overground walking in mice. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:345-352. [PMID: 38415183 PMCID: PMC10897851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating mechanical trauma. Although locomotion of model animals that mimic contusion SCI was actively examined, locomotion after penetrating SCI caused by sharp objects was not extensively studied. Severity of walking difficulty after partial transection of the spinal cord including penetrating SCI likely depends on the regions affected. Therefore, we compared beam walking and overground walking between mice after penetrating SCI at inner spinal cord region and mice with the injury at the outer region. Mice with the both penetrating SCIs did not display changes in beam walking. When appearance and movements of hindlimbs during overground walking was rated using Basso Mouse Scale for locomotion (BMS), however, mice with inner penetrating SCI showed low score shortly after the SCI. However, the score became high at later time points, as seen in contusion SCI mice. By contrast, BMS score did not decrease shortly after the outer penetrating SCI. However, the score became low 3 weeks after the SCI. As quantitative values during overground walking, movement duration in an open field were shorter at 1 day after the two penetrating SCIs. However, slower moving speed and fewer number of movement at 1 day were specific to mice with inner and outer penetrating SCIs, respectively. Moreover, BMS score was correlated with walking distance in open field only in mice with inner penetrating SCI. Thus, inner and outer penetrating SCI cause difficulty in overground walking with different severity and progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Shirota
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Taketo Otani
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sayo Wasada
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Isesaki Municipal Hospital, 12-1 Tsunatori Honmachi, Isesaki, Gunma 372-0817, Japan
| | - Tokue Mieda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Hong JY, Yeo C, Kim H, Lee J, Jeon WJ, Lee YJ, Ha IH. Repeated epidural delivery of Shinbaro2: effects on neural recovery, inflammation, and pain modulation in a rat model of lumbar spinal stenosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1324251. [PMID: 38828447 PMCID: PMC11140021 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1324251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The choice of treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) depends on symptom severity. When severe motor issues with urinary dysfunction are not present, conservative treatment is often considered to be the priority. One such conservative treatment is epidural injection, which is effective in alleviating inflammation and the pain caused by LSS-affected nerves. In this study, Shinbaro2 (Sh2), pharmacopuncture using natural herbal medicines for patients with disc diseases, is introduced as an epidural to treat LSS in a rat model. The treatment of primary sensory neurons from the rats' dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons with Sh2 at various concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL) was found to be safe and non-toxic. Furthermore, it remarkably stimulated axonal outgrowth even under H2O2-treated conditions, indicating its potential for stimulating nerve regeneration. When LSS rats received epidural injections of two different concentrations of Sh2 (1 and 2 mg/kg) once daily for 4 weeks, a significant reduction was seen in ED1+ macrophages surrounding the silicone block used for LSS induction. Moreover, epidural injection of Sh2 in the DRG led to a significant suppression of pain-related factors. Notably, Sh2 treatment resulted in improved locomotor recovery, as evaluated by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale and the horizontal ladder test. Additionally, hind paw hypersensitivity, assessed using the Von Frey test, was reduced, and normal gait was restored. Our findings demonstrate that epidural Sh2 injection not only reduced inflammation but also improved locomotor function and pain in LSS model rats. Thus, Sh2 delivery via epidural injection has potential as an effective treatment option for LSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Yamashiro K, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. Automatic detection of foot-strike onsets in a rhythmic forelimb movement. Neurosci Res 2024:S0168-0102(24)00054-3. [PMID: 38642677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Rhythmic movement is the fundamental motion dynamics characterized by repetitive patterns. Precisely defining onsets in rhythmic movement is essential for a comprehensive analysis of motor functions. Our study introduces an automated method for detecting rat's forelimb foot-strike onsets using deep learning tools. This method demonstrates high accuracy of onset detection by combining two techniques using joint coordinates and behavioral confidence scale. The analysis extends to neural oscillatory responses in the rat's somatosensory cortex, validating the effectiveness of our combined approach. Our technique streamlines experimentation, demanding only a camera and GPU-accelerated computer. This approach is applicable across various contexts and promotes our understanding of brain functions during rhythmic movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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4
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Kim JE, Lee RP, Yazigi E, Atta L, Feghali J, Pant A, Jain A, Levitan I, Kim E, Patel K, Kannapadi N, Shah P, Bibic A, Hou Z, Caplan JM, Gonzalez LF, Huang J, Xu R, Fan J, Tyler B, Brem H, Boussiotis VA, Jantzie L, Robinson S, Koehler RC, Lim M, Tamargo RJ, Jackson CM. Soluble PD-L1 reprograms blood monocytes to prevent cerebral edema and facilitate recovery after ischemic stroke. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:160-174. [PMID: 38070624 PMCID: PMC11220828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute cerebral ischemia triggers a profound inflammatory response. While macrophages polarized to an M2-like phenotype clear debris and facilitate tissue repair, aberrant or prolonged macrophage activation is counterproductive to recovery. The inhibitory immune checkpoint Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) is upregulated on macrophage precursors (monocytes) in the blood after acute cerebrovascular injury. To investigate the therapeutic potential of PD-1 activation, we immunophenotyped circulating monocytes from patients and found that PD-1 expression was upregulated in the acute period after stroke. Murine studies using a temporary middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (MCAO) model showed that intraperitoneal administration of soluble Programmed Death Ligand-1 (sPD-L1) significantly decreased brain edema and improved overall survival. Mice receiving sPD-L1 also had higher performance scores short-term, and more closely resembled sham animals on assessments of long-term functional recovery. These clinical and radiographic benefits were abrogated in global and myeloid-specific PD-1 knockout animals, confirming PD-1+ monocytes as the therapeutic target of sPD-L1. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that treatment skewed monocyte maturation to a non-classical Ly6Clo, CD43hi, PD-L1+ phenotype. These data support peripheral activation of PD-1 on inflammatory monocytes as a therapeutic strategy to treat neuroinflammation after acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Ryan P Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Eli Yazigi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Lyla Atta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Center for Computational Biology, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - James Feghali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Ayush Pant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Aanchal Jain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Idan Levitan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler Medical School, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Eileen Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Kisha Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Nivedha Kannapadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Pavan Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Adnan Bibic
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Justin M Caplan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - L Fernando Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Risheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Jean Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, the United States of America
| | - Lauren Jantzie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland, the United States of America; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Maryland, the United States of America; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland, the United States of America
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland, the United States of America; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Maryland, the United States of America; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland, the United States of America
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, the United States of America
| | - Rafael J Tamargo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Christopher M Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America.
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Kim D, Heo Y, Kim M, Suminda GGD, Manzoor U, Min Y, Kim M, Yang J, Park Y, Zhao Y, Ghosh M, Son YO. Inhibitory effects of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Harms extract on the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:11. [PMID: 38167214 PMCID: PMC10763440 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological function of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Harm (ASH) has been investigated on various diseases; however, the effects of ASH on arthritis have not been investigated so far. This study investigates the effects of ASH on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) was used for ASH extract preparation, and its primary components, pimaric and kaurenoic acids, were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Collagenase-induced arthritis (CIA) was used as the RA model, and primary cultures of articular chondrocytes were used to examine the inhibitory effects of ASH extract on arthritis in three synovial joints: ankle, sole, and knee. RESULTS Pimaric and kaurenoic acids attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated increase in the catabolic factors and retrieved pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated decrease in related anabolic factors in vitro; however, they did not affect pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6)-mediated cytotoxicity. ASH effectively inhibited cartilage degradation in the knee, ankle, and toe in the CIA model and decreased pannus development in the knee. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ASH mostly inhibited the IL-6-mediated matrix metalloproteinase. Gene Ontology and pathway studies bridge major gaps in the literature and provide insights into the pathophysiology and in-depth mechanisms of RA-like joint degeneration. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to conduct extensive research on the efficacy of ASH extract in inhibiting the pathogenesis of RA. However, additional animal models and clinical studies are required to validate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Kim
- Division of Animal Genetics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunji Heo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mangeun Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Godagama Gamaarachchige Dinesh Suminda
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Umar Manzoor
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Immune and Inflammatory Disease, College of Pharmacy, Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhui Min
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhye Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Park
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Immune and Inflammatory Disease, College of Pharmacy, Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio, Chemical and Processing Engineering (SBCE), Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputhur, 626126, India.
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Lu YH, Huang YF, Hsieh CP, Chen JK, Chen HY, Chuang SM. Betulin Accelerated the Functional Recovery of Injured Muscle in a Mouse Model of Muscle Contusion. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:37-44. [PMID: 38164348 PMCID: PMC10750331 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.87649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle contusion is an injury to muscle fibers and connective tissues. It commonly happens in impact events, and could result in pain, swelling, and limited range of motion. Diclofenac is one of commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to alleviate pain and inflammation after injury. However, it can potentially cause some side effects including gastrointestinal complications and allergy. Betulin is a lupine-type pentacyclic triterpenoid. It is showed to have valuable pharmacological effects, but the physiological effect of betulin on muscle contusion has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of betulin on muscle contusion that produced by the drop-mass method in mice. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to control (no injury), only drop-mass injury (Injury), diclofenac treatment (Injury+diclofenac), and betulin treatment (Injury+betulin) groups. Injury was executed on the gastrocnemius of the right hind limb, and then phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), diclofenac, or betulin were oral gavage administrated respectively for 7 days. Results revealed that betulin significantly restored motor functions based on locomotor activity assessments, rota-rod test, and footprints analysis. Betulin also attenuated serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels after muscle injury. Neutrophil infiltration was alleviated and desmin levels were increased after betulin treatment. Our data demonstrated that betulin attenuated muscle damage, alleviated inflammatory response, improved muscle regeneration, and restored motor functions after muscle contusion. Altogether, betulin may be a potential compound to accelerate the repair of injured muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiu Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fu Huang
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Hsieh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, Chien Kuo Technology University, Changhua, 50094, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ying Chen
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan
| | - Show-Mei Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Law, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
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7
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Min Y, Heo Y, Feng F, Kim D, Kim M, Yang J, Kim HJ, Jee Y, Ghosh M, Kang I, Son YO. High-Sucrose Diet Accelerates Arthritis Progression in a Collagen-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300244. [PMID: 37688304 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE High dietary sugar and sweeteners are suspected to cause the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms through the induction of proinflammatory cytokine release. However, the mechanisms by which increased dietary sugar affects RA etiology are not yet fully understood. The study uses a mouse model of collagen-induced RA (CIA) to investigate the relationship between excessive sugar consumption and RA risk. METHODS AND RESULTS RA-associated pathological features are assessed in the nonimmunized (NI) control group, the CIA-positive control group, and the CIA + high-sucrose diet (CIA+HS, 63% calories from sucrose) group. Compared with the CIA group, the CIA+HS group shows a greater increase in paw thickness and clinical scores, as well as, a higher degree of pannus formation and inflammation in the knee, ankle, and sole tissues. Moreover, the infiltration of immune cells is increased in the CIA+HS group. Although the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes, is not altered, that of toll-like receptor (TLR4) and IL-1β is considerably elevated in the CIA+HS group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that excessive sucrose consumption causes hepatic fibrosis and inflammation, contributing to the pathophysiology of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Min
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunji Heo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Fang Feng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Kim
- Division of Animal Genetics and Bioinformatics, The National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55465, Republic of Korea
| | - Mangeun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio, Chemical and Processing Engineering (SBCE), Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Educational, Krishnankoil, 626126, India
| | - Inhae Kang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
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8
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Lin L, Zhu S, Huang H, Wu LP, Huang J. Chemically modified small interfering RNA targeting Hedgehog signaling pathway for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 31:88-104. [PMID: 36618268 PMCID: PMC9813581 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that leads to disability; however, existing therapies are still unsatisfactory. Activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play an essential role in synovitis formation and joint destruction in RA. The Hedgehog signaling pathway is aberrantly activated and contributes to the aggressive phenotype of RA-FLSs. However, it remains uncertain whether inhibiting Smoothened (SMO), a critical component of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, is an effective treatment for RA. Here, we design a series of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that specifically target the SMO gene. With precise chemical modifications, siRNAs' efficacy and stability are significantly improved, and the off-target effects are minimized. The optimized chemically modified siRNA (si-S1A3-Chol) decreases RA-FLS proliferation and invasiveness without the transfection reagent. Furthermore, si-S1A3-Chol injected intra-articularly effectively alleviates joint destruction and improves motor function in collagen-induced arthritis mouse models. Consequently, our results demonstrate that chemically modified siRNA targeting the Hedgehog signaling pathway may be a potential therapy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangling Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Huang
- Division of Clinical Public Health and Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Lin-Ping Wu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China,Corresponding author: Lin-Ping Wu, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China.
| | - Jianlin Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, People’s Republic of China,Corresponding author: Jianlin Huang, Department of Rheumatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, People’s Republic of China.
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Chatterjee M, Acosta A, Taub PJ, Andarawis-Puri N. Enhanced healing outcomes in MRL/MpJ mouse tissues conserved in insertion site following surgical repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2022; 31:e593-e602. [PMID: 35598836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical repair of supraspinatus tendons (SSTs) has a high failure rate at the insertion site. A significant hurdle to therapeutic development is that effective intrinsic healing mechanisms are unknown. The MRL/MpJ (MRL) mouse exhibits tissue-specific enhanced healing; however, these tissues exhibit disparate properties from the complex SST. The extent of SST healing in the complex environment of the rotator cuff is unknown. We hypothesized that MRL mice would exhibit enhanced restoration of the structurally complex insertion site, resulting in functional improvements. METHODS B6 and MRL mice underwent SST detachment and immediate surgical repair. Mice were analyzed for gait assessment after either 2 or 6 weeks and were then killed humanely for immunohistologic analysis. RESULTS MRL SSTs demonstrated enhanced recovery of zonal architecture and bone structure compared with B6 SSTs. MRL SSTs exhibited decreased levels of type III collagen at 2 weeks and increased levels of type I procollagen at 6 weeks compared with B6 SSTs. MRL mice experienced initial gait deficits at 2 weeks that had recovered by 6 weeks. DISCUSSION The temporal balance of collagen in MRL mice suggests recovery toward naive composition. Initial gait deficits in MRL mice may provide a protective loading environment that is ultimately beneficial. The mechanisms of enhanced healing observed previously in MRL mice may be conserved in the complex SST, providing a platform to interrogate specific aspects of improved healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monideepa Chatterjee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Acosta
- Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter J Taub
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nelly Andarawis-Puri
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Chidomere CI, Wahid M, Kemble S, Chadwick C, Thomas R, Hardy RS, McGettrick HM, Naylor AJ. Bench to Bedside: Modelling Inflammatory Arthritis. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 2:kyac010. [PMID: 38567064 PMCID: PMC10917191 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis are a major cause of disability. Pre-clinical murine models of inflammatory arthritis continue to be invaluable tools with which to identify and validate therapeutic targets and compounds. The models used are well-characterised and, whilst none truly recapitulates the human disease, they are crucial to researchers seeking to identify novel therapeutic targets and to test efficacy during preclinical trials of novel drug candidates. The arthritis parameters recorded during clinical trials and routine clinical patient care have been carefully standardised, allowing comparison between centres, trials, and treatments. Similar standardisation of scoring across in vivo models has not occurred, which makes interpretation of published results, and comparison between arthritis models, challenging. Here, we include a detailed and readily implementable arthritis scoring system, that increases the breadth of arthritis characteristics captured during experimental arthritis and supports responsive and adaptive monitoring of disease progression in murine models of inflammatory arthritis. In addition, we reference the wider ethical and experimental factors researchers should consider during the experimental design phase, with emphasis on the continued importance of replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal usage in arthritis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiamaka I Chidomere
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mussarat Wahid
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Samuel Kemble
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Caroline Chadwick
- Biomedical Services Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard Thomas
- Biomedical Services Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rowan S Hardy
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Amy J Naylor
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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11
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Subchondral Bone Alterations in a Novel Model of Intermediate Post Traumatic Osteoarthritis In Mice. J Biomech 2022; 142:111233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Wang W, Zheng J, Zhou H, Liu Q, Jia L, Zhang X, Ge D, Shi W, Sun Y. Polydopamine-Based Nanocomposite as a Biomimetic Antioxidant with a Variety of Enzymatic Activities for Parkinson's Disease. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32901-32913. [PMID: 35820068 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cumulative oxidative stress induce the degeneration of neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of PD patients. Due to its redox property, melanin-like polydopamine (PDA) has been studied for its ability to remove ROS with a series of antioxidant enzyme mimetic activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is important for maintaining ROS metabolic homeostasis, but only a few GPx-like nanozymes have been studied for in vivo therapy. As we know, selenocysteine is essential for the antioxidant activity of GPx. Hence, we co-synthesized PDA with selenocystine (SeCys) to prepare a nanocomposite (PDASeCys) with GPx-like activity. The results showed that the PDASeCys nanocomposite has the same CAT and SOD enzymatic activities as PDA but better free radical scavenging efficiency and additional GPx enzymatic activity than PDA. In the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine ion (MPP+)-induced PD cell model, PDASeCys could increase intracellular GPx levels effectively and protect SH-SY5Y neuronal cells from oxidative stress caused by MPP+. In vivo, the PDASeCys nanocomposite effectively inhibited 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinium (MPTP)-induced Parkinson-related symptoms of mice when it was injected into the substantia nigra (SN). This polydopamine-based nanocomposite containing selenocystine with a variety of enzymatic activities including GPx-like activity synthesized by a one-pot method provides convenience and safety in the neuromelanin-like nanozyme-based therapeutic strategy for oxidative stress-induced PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinyang Zheng
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Li Jia
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dongtao Ge
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Shi
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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13
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Yang DS, Dickerson EE, Zhang LX, Richendrfer H, Karamchedu PN, Badger GJ, Schmidt TA, Fredericks AM, Elsaid KA, Jay GD. Quadruped Gait and Regulation of Apoptotic Factors in Tibiofemoral Joints following Intra-Articular rhPRG4 Injection in Prg4 Null Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084245. [PMID: 35457064 PMCID: PMC9025840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome leads to diarthrodial joint arthropathy and is caused by the absence of lubricin (proteoglycan 4—PRG4), a surface-active mucinous glycoprotein responsible for lubricating articular cartilage. In this study, mice lacking the orthologous gene Prg4 served as a model that recapitulates the destructive arthrosis that involves biofouling of cartilage by serum proteins in lieu of Prg4. This study hypothesized that Prg4-deficient mice would demonstrate a quadruped gait change and decreased markers of mitochondrial dyscrasia, following intra-articular injection of both hindlimbs with recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4). Prg4−/− (N = 44) mice of both sexes were injected with rhPRG4 and gait alterations were studied at post-injection day 3 and 6, before joints were harvested for immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 activation. Increased stance and propulsion was shown at 3 days post-injection in male mice. There were significantly fewer caspase-3-positive chondrocytes in tibiofemoral cartilage from rhPRG4-injected mice. The mitochondrial gene Mt-tn, and myosin heavy (Myh7) and light chains (Myl2 and Myl3), known to play a cytoskeletal stabilizing role, were significantly upregulated in both sexes (RNA-Seq) following IA rhPRG4. Chondrocyte mitochondrial dyscrasias attributable to the arthrosis in CACP may be mitigated by IA rhPRG4. In a supporting in vitro crystal microbalance experiment, molecular fouling by albumin did not block the surface activity of rhPRG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Yang
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.S.Y.); (G.D.J.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (L.X.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Edward E. Dickerson
- North Carolina Agricultural Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Ling X. Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (L.X.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Holly Richendrfer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (L.X.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Padmini N. Karamchedu
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Gary J. Badger
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA;
| | - Alger M. Fredericks
- Department of Surgery, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Khaled A. Elsaid
- School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.S.Y.); (G.D.J.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (L.X.Z.); (H.R.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
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14
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Li J, Chen Z, Cheng Y, Gao C, Li J, Gu X, He F, Luo Z, Yang H, Zhang H, Yu J. Ligamentous injury-induced ankle instability causing posttraumatic osteoarthritis in a mouse model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:223. [PMID: 35260140 PMCID: PMC8905815 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the relationship between surgically-induced ankle instability and posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in a mouse model, and to provide reference for clinical practice. RESULTS Ligamentectomy was performed on 24 eight-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice, which were divided into three groups. Both the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) were severed in the CFL + ATFL group, while only the CFL was removed in the CFL group. The SHAM group was set as the blank control group. A wheel-running device was used to accelerate the development of ankle osteoarthritis (OA). Balance measurement, footprint analysis, and histological analysis were used to assess the degree of ankle instability and OA. According to the balance test results, the CFL + ATFL group demonstrated the highest number of slips and the longest crossing beam time at 8 weeks postoperatively. The results of gait analysis exhibited that the CFL + ATFL group had the most significant asymmetry in stride length, stance length, and foot base width compared to the CFL and SHAM groups. The OARSI score of the CFL + ATFL group (16.7 ± 2.18) was also much higher than those of the CFL group (5.1 ± 0.96) and the SHAM group (1.6 ± 1.14). CONCLUSION Based on the mouse model, the findings indicate that severe ankle instability has nearly three times the chance to develop into ankle OA compared to moderate ankle instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi St, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, No.708 Renmin Rd, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Fengcheng Hospital of Fengxian District, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi St, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, No.708 Renmin Rd, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No.1 People's Hospital, No.1 Shuyuan St, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi St, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, No.708 Renmin Rd, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi St, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, No.708 Renmin Rd, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, No.708 Renmin Rd, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Department of Data Science, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi St, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, No.708 Renmin Rd, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi St, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, No.708 Renmin Rd, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zongping Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi St, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, No.708 Renmin Rd, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi St, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, No.708 Renmin Rd, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi St, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. .,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, No.708 Renmin Rd, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi St, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. .,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, No.708 Renmin Rd, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
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15
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Zaki S, Smith MM, Little CB. Pathology-pain relationships in different osteoarthritis animal model phenotypes: it matters what you measure, when you measure, and how you got there. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1448-1461. [PMID: 34332049 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether osteoarthritis (OA) pain characteristics and mechanistic pathways in pre-clinical models are phenotype-specific. DESIGN Male 11-week-old C57BL6 mice had unilateral medial-meniscal-destabilization (DMM) or antigen-induced-arthritis (AIA), vs sham-surgery/immunised-controls (Sham/Im-CT). Pain behaviour (allodynia, mechanical- and thermal-hyperalgesia, hindlimb static weight-bearing, stride-length) and lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) gene-expression were measured at baseline, day-3, week-1/-2/-4/-8/-16, and pain-behaviour:gene-expression:joint-pathology associations investigated. RESULTS DMM and AIA induced structural OA defined by progressively increasing cartilage erosion, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte size and maturation. All pain-behaviours were modified, with model-specific differences in severity and temporal pattern. Tactile allodynia developed acutely in both models and persisted to week-16. During early-OA (wk4-8) there was; reduced right hindlimb weight-bearing in AIA; thermal-hyperalgesia and reduced stride-length in DMM. During chronic-OA (wk12-16); mechanical-hyperalgesia and reduced right hindlimb weight-bearing were observed in DMM only. There were no associations in either model between different pain-behaviour outcomes. A coordinated DRG-expression profile was observed in sham and Im-CT for all 11 genes tested, but not in AIA and DMM. At wk-16 despite equivalent joint pathology, changes in DRG-expression (Calca, Trpa1, Trpv1, Trpv4) were observed only in DMM. In AIA mechanical-hyperalgesia was associated with Trpv1 (r = -0.79) and Il1b (r = 0.53). In DMM stride-length was associated with Calca, Tac1, Trpv1, Trpv2, Trpv4 and Adamts5 (r = 0.4-0.57). DRG gene-expression change was correlated with subchondral-bone sclerosis in DMM, and cartilage damage in AIA. Positive pain-behaviour:joint-pathology associations were only present in AIA - for synovitis, subchondral-bone resorption, chondrocyte-hypertrophy and cartilage damage. CONCLUSION Pain and peripheral sensory neuronal responses are OA-phenotype-specific with distinct pathology:pain-outcome:molecular-mechanism relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zaki
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Australia; Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, at Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia.
| | - M M Smith
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, at Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia.
| | - C B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, at Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia.
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16
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Hecht JT, Veerisetty AC, Wu J, Coustry F, Hossain MG, Chiu F, Gannon FH, Posey KL. Primary Osteoarthritis Early Joint Degeneration Induced by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Mitigated by Resveratrol. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1624-1637. [PMID: 34116024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of people are living with osteoarthritis (OA) due to aging and obesity, creating an urgent need for effective treatment and preventions. Two top risk factors for OA, age and obesity, are associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The I-ERS mouse, an ER stress-driven model of primary OA, was developed to study the role of ER stress in primary OA susceptibility. The I-ERS mouse has the unique ability to induce ER stress in healthy adult articular chondrocytes and cartilage, driving joint degeneration that mimics early primary OA. In this study, ER stress-induced damage occurred gradually and stimulated joint degeneration with OA characteristics including increased matrix metalloproteinase activity, inflammation, senescence, chondrocyte death, decreased proteoglycans, autophagy block, and gait dysfunction. Consistent with human OA, intense exercise hastened and increased the level of ER stress-induced joint damage. Notably, loss of a critical ER stress response protein (CHOP) largely ameliorated ER stress-stimulated OA outcomes including preserving proteoglycan content, reducing inflammation, and relieving autophagy block. Resveratrol diminished ER stress-induced joint degeneration by decreasing CHOP, TNFα, IL-1β, MMP-13, pS6, number of TUNEL-positive chondrocytes, and senescence marker p16 INK4a. The finding, that a dietary supplement can prevent ER stressed-induced joint degeneration in mice, provides a preclinical foundation to potentially develop a prevention strategy for those at high risk to develop OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas; McGovern Medical School, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas
| | - Alka C Veerisetty
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas
| | - Juliana Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas; Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Francoise Coustry
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas
| | - Mohammad G Hossain
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas
| | - Frankie Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas
| | - Francis H Gannon
- Departments of Pathology & Immunology and Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen L Posey
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas.
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17
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Thompson SD, Pichika R, Lieber RL, Budinger GRS, Lavasani M. Systemic Transplantation of Adult Multipotent Stem Cells Functionally Rejuvenates Aged Articular Cartilage. Aging Dis 2021; 12:726-731. [PMID: 34094638 PMCID: PMC8139193 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common and debilitating joint disease of advanced age and has no universally effective therapy. Here, we demonstrate that systemic transplantation of adult multipotent muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs)—isolated from young mice—rejuvenates the knee articular cartilage (AC) of naturally aged mice. This intervention reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tnf and Il1a) and catabolic matrix-degrading proteinases (Mmp3 and Mmp13) in aged cartilage. Treatment with young MDSPCs also increased expression of pro-regenerative (Col2a1 and Acan) and prolongevity genes (Pot1b), including those associated with chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, cartilage growth, and telomere protection. Indeed, the AC of MDSPC-treated mice exhibited reduced age-related histological pathologies. Importantly, the reduced mobility and arthritis-related gait dysfunctions of aged mice were also ameliorated by this treatment. Together, our findings demonstrate the rejuvenating effects of systemic transplantation of young MDSPCs on aging AC—at the molecular, tissue, and functional levels. This suggests that MDSPCs, or their secreted factors, may represent a novel therapy that can increase mobility and function in aged or OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Thompson
- 1Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,3Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience (NUIN) Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rajeswari Pichika
- 1Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard L Lieber
- 1Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- 4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mitra Lavasani
- 1Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,3Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience (NUIN) Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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18
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Nosrati Z, Bergamo M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Saatchi K, Häfeli UO. Refinement and validation of infrared thermal imaging (IRT): a non-invasive technique to measure disease activity in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:281. [PMID: 33256854 PMCID: PMC7708919 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02367-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The discovery and development of new medicines requires high-throughput screening of possible therapeutics in a specific model of the disease. Infrared thermal imaging (IRT) is a modern assessment method with extensive clinical and preclinical applications. Employing IRT in longitudinal preclinical setting to monitor arthritis onset, disease activity and therapeutic efficacies requires a standardized framework to provide reproducible quantitative data as a precondition for clinical studies. Methods Here, we established the accuracy and reliability of an inexpensive smartphone connected infrared (IR) camera against known temperature objects as well as certified blackbody calibration equipment. An easy to use protocol incorporating contactless image acquisition and computer-assisted data analysis was developed to detect disease-related temperature changes in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model and validated by comparison with two conventional methods, clinical arthritis scoring and paw thickness measurement. We implemented IRT to demonstrate the beneficial therapeutic effect of nanoparticle drug delivery versus free methotrexate (MTX) in vivo. Results The calibrations revealed high accuracy and reliability of the IR camera for detecting temperature changes in the rheumatoid arthritis animal model. Significant positive correlation was found between temperature changes and paw thickness measurements as the disease progressed. IRT was found to be superior over the conventional techniques specially at early arthritis onset, when it is difficult to observe subclinical signs and measure structural changes. Conclusion IRT proved to be a valid and unbiased method to detect temperature changes and quantify the degree of inflammation in a rapid and reproducible manner in longitudinal preclinical drug efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Nosrati
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Marta Bergamo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Urs O Häfeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Yuan Q, Wang X, Liu L, Cai Y, Zhao X, Ma H, Zhang Y. Exosomes Derived from Human Placental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Carrying AntagomiR-4450 Alleviate Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Through Upregulation of ZNF121. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1038-1058. [PMID: 32620067 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiling Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Shaanxi Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongsong Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyun Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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Petratos S, Theotokis P, Kim MJ, Azari MF, Lee JY. That's a Wrap! Molecular Drivers Governing Neuronal Nogo Receptor-Dependent Myelin Plasticity and Integrity. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:227. [PMID: 32848619 PMCID: PMC7417613 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a dynamic membrane that is important for coordinating the fast propagation of action potentials along small or large caliber axons (0.1-10 μm) some of which extend the entire length of the spinal cord. Due to the heterogeneity of electrical and energy demands of the variable neuronal populations, the axo-myelinic and axo-glial interactions that regulate the biophysical properties of myelinated axons also vary in terms of molecular interactions at the membrane interfaces. An important topic of debate in neuroscience is how myelin is maintained and modified under neuronal control and how disruption of this control (due to disease or injury) can initiate and/or propagate neurodegeneration. One of the key molecular signaling cascades that have been investigated in the context of neural injury over the past two decades involves the myelin-associated inhibitory factors (MAIFs) that interact with Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1). Chief among the MAIF superfamily of molecules is a reticulon family protein, Nogo-A, that is established as a potent inhibitor of neurite sprouting and axon regeneration. However, an understated role for NgR1 is its ability to control axo-myelin interactions and Nogo-A specific ligand binding. These interactions may occur at axo-dendritic and axo-glial synapses regulating their functional and dynamic membrane domains. The current review provides a comprehensive analysis of how neuronal NgR1 can regulate myelin thickness and plasticity under normal and disease conditions. Specifically, we discuss how NgR1 plays an important role in regulating paranodal and juxtaparanodal domains through specific signal transduction cascades that are important for microdomain molecular architecture and action potential propagation. Potential therapeutics designed to target NgR1-dependent signaling during disease are being developed in animal models since interference with the involvement of the receptor may facilitate neurological recovery. Hence, the regulatory role played by NgR1 in the axo-myelinic interface is an important research field of clinical significance that requires comprehensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael F Azari
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
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Liu J, Liu C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu K, Song JX, Sreenivasmurthy SG, Wang Z, Shi Y, Chu C, Zhang Y, Wu C, Deng X, Liu X, Song J, Zhuang R, Huang S, Zhang P, Li M, Wen L, Zhang YW, Liu G. A Self-Assembled α-Synuclein Nanoscavenger for Parkinson's Disease. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1533-1549. [PMID: 32027482 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although emerging evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is closely related to the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in the midbrain, the clearance of α-syn remains an unmet clinical need. Here, we develop a simple and efficient strategy for fabricating the α-syn nanoscavenger for PD via a reprecipitation self-assembly procedure. The curcumin analogue-based nanoscavenger (NanoCA) is engineered to be capable of a controlled-release property to stimulate nuclear translocation of the major autophagy regulator, transcription factor EB (TFEB), triggering both autophagy and calcium-dependent exosome secretion for the clearance of α-syn. Pretreatment of NanoCA protects cell lines and primary neurons from MPP+-induced neurotoxicity. More importantly, a rapid arousal intranasal delivery system (RA-IDDS) was designed and applied for the brain-targeted delivery of NanoCA, which affords robust neuroprotection against behavioral deficits and promotes clearance of monomer, oligomer, and aggregates of α-syn in the midbrain of an MPTP mouse model of PD. Our findings provide a clinically translatable therapeutic strategy aimed at neuroprotection and disease modification in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Liu
- School of Medicine , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yunming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Keyin Liu
- School of Medicine , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | | | - Ziying Wang
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Yesi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Chengchao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Caisheng Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Xianhua Deng
- School of Medicine , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Xingyang Liu
- School of Medicine , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Jing Song
- Laboratory Animal Center , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Rongqiang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Shuqiong Huang
- School of Medicine , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Lei Wen
- School of Medicine , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Yun Wu Zhang
- School of Medicine , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China
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Kwok A, Rosas S, Bateman TA, Livingston E, Smith TL, Moore J, Zawieja DC, Hampton T, Mao XW, Delp MD, Willey JS. Altered rodent gait characteristics after ~35 days in orbit aboard the International Space Station. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2020; 24:9-17. [PMID: 31987483 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The long-term adaptations to microgravity and other spaceflight challenges within the confines of a spacecraft, and readaptations to weight-bearing upon reaching a destination, are unclear. While post-flight gait change in astronauts have been well documented and reflect multi-system deficits, no data from rodents have been collected. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate gait changes in response to spaceflight. A prospective collection of gait data was collected on 3 groups of mice: those who spent~35 days in orbit (FLIGHT) aboard the International Space Station (ISS); a ground-based control with the same habitat conditions as ISS (Ground Control; GC); and a vivarium control with typical rodent housing conditions (VIV). Pre-flight and post-flight gait measurements were conducted utilizing an optimized and portable gait analysis system (DigiGait, Mouse Specifics, Inc). The total data acquisition time for gait patterns of FLIGHT and control mice was 1.5-5 min/mouse, allowing all 20 mice per group to be assessed in less than an hour. Patterns of longitudinal gait changes were observed in the hind limbs and the forelimbs of the FLIGHT mice after ~35 days in orbit; few differences were observed in gait characteristics within the GC and VIV controls from the initial to the final gait assessment, and between groups. For FLIGHT mice, 12 out of 18 of the evaluated gait characteristics in the hind limbs were significantly changed, including: stride width variability; stride length and variance; stride, swing, and stance duration; paw angle and area at peak stance; and step angle, among others. Gait characteristics that decreased included stride frequency, and others. Moreover, numerous forelimb gait characteristics in the FLIGHT mice were changed at post-flight measures relative to pre-flight. This rapid DigiGait gait measurement tool and customized spaceflight protocol is useful for providing preliminary insight into how spaceflight could affect multiple systems in rodents in which deficits are reflected by altered gait characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Kwok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Samuel Rosas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ted A Bateman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Eric Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Thomas L Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Joseph Moore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Tom Hampton
- Mouse Specifics, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Xiao W Mao
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University School of Medicine and Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Michael D Delp
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
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Mausset-Bonnefont AL, Cren M, Vicente R, Quentin J, Jorgensen C, Apparailly F, Louis-Plence P. Arthritis sensory and motor scale: predicting functional deficits from the clinical score in collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:264. [PMID: 31801618 PMCID: PMC6894222 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-2047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model, inflammation readouts are usually quantified using operator-dependent clinical scoring systems, and no systematic relationship with functional deficits has been detected. In this study, we extensively quantified sensory and motor deficits in CIA mice during natural disease progression and therapeutic treatment. Then, we used these data to build a scale to predict functional deficits on the basis of the classical clinical score. Methods Using the CIA mouse model, we longitudinally screened multiple approaches to assess locomotion (open field test, Catwalk™), sensitivity (Von Frey, Hargreaves, static weight-bearing tests), and inflammation (skin temperature), and identified the most accurate tests to correlate sensory and motor deficits with disease severity, measured by clinical score. We then used these tests to characterize functional deficits in control (naïve and mice injected with complete Freund’s adjuvant) and CIA mice, either untreated or treated with methotrexate to prevent functional deficits. By mathematical approaches, we finally investigated the relationship between functional deficits and clinical score. Results We found that the functional disability scores obtained with the open field, Catwalk™, Hargreaves, and skin temperature tests significantly correlated with the clinical score in CIA mice, either untreated or treated with methotrexate. Mathematical correlation showed that motor deficits, robustly characterized by two different tests, were twice more responsive than thermal sensitivity deficits. Conclusion We propose the arthritis sensory and motor (ArthriSM) scale as a new theranostic tool to predict motor and sensory deficit based on the clinical score, in the experimental mouse model of CIA. This ArthriSM scale may facilitate the transfer of knowledge between preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maïlys Cren
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Rita Vicente
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Quentin
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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High Speed Ventral Plane Videography as a Convenient Tool to Quantify Motor Deficits during Pre-Clinical Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111439. [PMID: 31739589 PMCID: PMC6912314 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used multiple sclerosis animal model. EAE mice typically develop motor deficits in a caudal-to-rostral pattern when inflammatory lesions have already developed. However, to monitor more subtle behavioral deficits during lesion development (i.e., pre-clinical phase), more sophisticated methods are needed. Here, we investigated whether high speed ventral plane videography can be applied to monitor early motor deficits during ‘pre-clinical’ EAE. For this purpose, EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice and gait abnormalities were quantified using the DigiGait™ apparatus. Gait deficits were related to histopathological changes. 10 out of 10 control (100%), and 14 out of 18 (77.8%) pre-clinical EAE mice could be evaluated using DigiGait™. EAE severity was not influenced by DigiGait™-related mice handlings. Most gait parameters recorded from day 6 post-immunization until the end of the experiment were found to be stable in control mice. During the pre-clinical phase, when conventional EAE scorings failed to detect any functional impairment, EAE mice showed an increased Swing Time, increased %Swing Stride, decreased %Stance Stride, decreased Stance/Swing, and an increased Absolute Paw Angle. In summary, DigiGait™ is more sensitive than conventional scoring approaches to study motor deficits during the EAE pre-clinical phase.
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Sexually dimorphic tibia shape is linked to natural osteoarthritis in STR/Ort mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:807-817. [PMID: 29604337 PMCID: PMC5987380 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human osteoarthritis (OA) is detected only at late stages. Male STR/Ort mice develop knee OA spontaneously with known longitudinal trajectory, offering scope to identify OA predisposing factors. We exploit the lack of overt OA in female STR/Ort and in both sexes of parental, control CBA mice to explore whether early divergence in tibial bone mass or shape are linked to emergent OA. METHOD We undertook detailed micro-CT comparisons of trabecular and cortical bone, multiple structural/architectural parameters and finite element modelling (FEM) of the tibia from male and female STR/Ort and CBA mice at 8-10 (pre-OA), 18-20 (OA onset) and 40 + weeks (advanced OA) of age. RESULTS We found higher trabecular bone mass in female STR/Ort than in either OA-prone male STR/Ort or non-prone CBA mice. Cortical bone, as expected, showed greater cross-sectional area in male than female CBA, which surprisingly was reversed in STR/Ort mice. STR/Ort also exhibited higher cortical bone mass than CBA mice. Our analyses revealed similar tibial ellipticity, yet greater predicted resistance to torsion in male than female CBA mice. In contrast, male STR/Ort exhibited greater ellipticity than both female STR/Ort and CBA mice at specific cortical sites. Longitudinal analysis revealed greater tibia curvature and shape deviations in male STR/Ort mice that coincided with onset and were more pronounced in late OA. CONCLUSION Generalised higher bone mass in STR/Ort mice is more marked in non OA-prone females, but pre-OA divergence in bone shape is restricted to male STR/Ort mice in which OA develops spontaneously.
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Kondori NR, Paul P, Robbins JP, Liu K, Hildyard JCW, Wells DJ, de Belleroche JS. Focus on the Role of D-serine and D-amino Acid Oxidase in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Motor Neuron Disease (ALS). Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:8. [PMID: 29487852 PMCID: PMC5816792 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated a pathogenic mutation in D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), DAOR199W, associated with familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) that impairs D-serine metabolism and causes protein aggregation, autophagy and cell death in motor neuron cell lines. These features are consistent with the pathogenic processes occurring in ALS but most importantly, we have demonstrated that activation of the formation of ubiquitinated protein inclusions, increased autophagosome production and apoptotic cell death caused by the mutation in cell lines are attenuated by 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid (DCKA), a selective inhibitor of the glycine/D-serine binding site of the NMDA receptor. D-serine is an essential co-agonist at this glutamate receptor. This data provides insight into potential upstream mechanisms that involve the action of D-serine at the NMDA receptor and might contribute to neurodegeneration. This is highly relevant to sporadic ALS (SALS), familial ALS, as well as ALS models, where elevated levels of D-serine have been reported and hence has broader clinical therapeutic implications. In order to investigate this further, we have generated a transgenic line expressing the pathogenic mutation, in order to determine whether mice expressing DAOR199W develop a motor phenotype and whether crossing the SOD1G93A model of ALS with mice expressing DAOR199W affects disease progression. We found that heterozygous expression of DAOR199W led to a significant loss of spinal cord motor neurons at 14 months, which is similar to that found in homozygous mice expressing DAOG181R. We hypothesize that DAO has potential for development as a therapeutic agent in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin R Kondori
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Praveen Paul
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline P Robbins
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ke Liu
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - John C W Hildyard
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic J Wells
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline S de Belleroche
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kondori NR, Paul P, Robbins JP, Liu K, Hildyard JCW, Wells DJ, de Belleroche JS. Characterisation of the pathogenic effects of the in vivo expression of an ALS-linked mutation in D-amino acid oxidase: Phenotype and loss of spinal cord motor neurons. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188912. [PMID: 29194436 PMCID: PMC5711026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset neuromuscular disorder characterised by selective loss of motor neurons leading to fatal paralysis. Current therapeutic approaches are limited in their effectiveness. Substantial advances in understanding ALS disease mechanisms has come from the identification of pathogenic mutations in dominantly inherited familial ALS (FALS). We previously reported a coding mutation in D-amino acid oxidase (DAOR199W) associated with FALS. DAO metabolises D-serine, an essential co-agonist at the N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid glutamate receptor subtype (NMDAR). Using primary motor neuron cultures or motor neuron cell lines we demonstrated that expression of DAOR199W, promoted the formation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates, activated autophagy and increased apoptosis. The aim of this study was to characterise the effects of DAOR199Win vivo, using transgenic mice overexpressing DAOR199W. Marked abnormal motor features, e.g. kyphosis, were evident in mice expressing DAOR199W, which were associated with a significant loss (19%) of lumbar spinal cord motor neurons, analysed at 14 months. When separated by gender, this effect was greater in females (26%; p< 0.0132). In addition, we crossed the DAOR199W transgenic mouse line with the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS to determine whether the effects of SOD1G93A were potentiated in the double transgenic line (DAOR199W/SOD1G93A). Although overall survival was not affected, onset of neurological signs was significantly earlier in female double transgenic animals than their female SOD1G93A littermates (125 days vs 131 days, P = 0.0239). In summary, some significant in vivo effects of DAOR199W on motor neuron function (i.e. kyphosis and loss of motor neurons) were detected which were most marked in females and could contribute to the earlier onset of neurological signs in double transgenic females compared to SOD1G93A littermates, highlighting the importance of recognizing gender effects present in animal models of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Rahmani Kondori
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Praveen Paul
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline P. Robbins
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ke Liu
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - John C. W. Hildyard
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic J. Wells
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline S. de Belleroche
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Lim MA, Louie B, Ford D, Heath K, Cha P, Betts-Lacroix J, Lum PY, Robertson TL, Schaevitz L. Development of the Digital Arthritis Index, a Novel Metric to Measure Disease Parameters in a Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:818. [PMID: 29184498 PMCID: PMC5694443 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a broad spectrum of anti-arthritic drugs currently on the market, there is a constant demand to develop improved therapeutic agents. Efficient compound screening and rapid evaluation of treatment efficacy in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can accelerate the development of clinical candidates. Compound screening by evaluation of disease phenotypes in animal models facilitates preclinical research by enhancing understanding of human pathophysiology; however, there is still a continuous need to improve methods for evaluating disease. Current clinical assessment methods are challenged by the subjective nature of scoring-based methods, time-consuming longitudinal experiments, and the requirement for better functional readouts with relevance to human disease. To address these needs, we developed a low-touch, digital platform for phenotyping preclinical rodent models of disease. As a proof-of-concept, we utilized the rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model of RA and developed the Digital Arthritis Index (DAI), an objective and automated behavioral metric that does not require human-animal interaction during the measurement and calculation of disease parameters. The DAI detected the development of arthritis similar to standard in vivo methods, including ankle joint measurements and arthritis scores, as well as demonstrated a positive correlation to ankle joint histopathology. The DAI also determined responses to multiple standard-of-care (SOC) treatments and nine repurposed compounds predicted by the SMarTRTM Engine to have varying degrees of impact on RA. The disease profiles generated by the DAI complemented those generated by standard methods. The DAI is a highly reproducible and automated approach that can be used in-conjunction with standard methods for detecting RA disease progression and conducting phenotypic drug screens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenton Louie
- Capella Biosciences Inc., Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Pek Yee Lum
- Capella Biosciences Inc., Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Falk DJ, Galatas T, Todd AG, Soto EP, Harris AB, Notterpek L. Locomotor and skeletal muscle abnormalities in trembler J neuropathic mice. Muscle Nerve 2017; 57:664-671. [PMID: 29023846 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with hereditary peripheral neuropathies exhibit characteristic deformities of the hands and feet and have difficulty ambulating. To examine to what extent neuropathic animals recapitulate these deficits, we studied trembler J (TrJ) mice, which model early-onset demyelinating neuropathy. METHODS A cohort of 4-month-old female wild type and neuropathic mice were evaluated for locomotor measurements, neuromuscular function, and skeletal muscle proteolysis and morphometry. RESULTS Utilizing the DigiGait imaging system, we identified pronounced alterations in forepaw and hindpaw angles and a decrease in hindpaw area on the treadmill in neuropathic rodents. Torque production by the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle was significantly weakened and was paralleled by a decrease in myofiber cross-sectional area and an increase in muscle tissue proteolysis. DISCUSSION Our findings in TrJ mice reflect the phenotypic presentation of the human neuropathy in which patients exhibit weakness of the TA muscle resulting in foot drop and locomotor abnormalities. Muscle Nerve 57: 664-671, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin J Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, Box 100244 Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0244, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0244, USA
| | - Tori Galatas
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, Box 100244 Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0244, USA
| | - Adrian G Todd
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0244, USA
| | - Elliott P Soto
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, Box 100244 Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0244, USA
| | - Andrew B Harris
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, Box 100244 Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0244, USA
| | - Lucia Notterpek
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, Box 100244 Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0244, USA.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Javaheri B, Poulet B, Aljazzar A, de Souza R, Piles M, Hopkinson M, Shervill E, Pollard A, Chan B, Chang YM, Orriss IR, Lee PD, Pitsillides AA. Stable sulforaphane protects against gait anomalies and modifies bone microarchitecture in the spontaneous STR/Ort model of osteoarthritis. Bone 2017; 103:308-317. [PMID: 28778596 PMCID: PMC5571892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), affecting joints and bone, causes physical gait disability with huge socio-economic burden; treatment remains palliative. Roles for antioxidants in protecting against such chronic disorders have been examined previously. Sulforaphane is a naturally occurring antioxidant. Herein, we explore whether SFX-01®, a stable synthetic form of sulforaphane, modifies gait, bone architecture and slows/reverses articular cartilage destruction in a spontaneous OA model in STR/Ort mice. Sixteen mice (n=8/group) were orally treated for 3months with either 100mg/kg SFX-01® or vehicle. Gait was recorded, tibiae were microCT scanned and analysed. OA lesion severity was graded histologically. The effect of SFX-01® on bone turnover markers in vivo was complemented by in vitro bone formation and resorption assays. Analysis revealed development of OA-related gait asymmetry in vehicle-treated STR/Ort mice, which did not emerge in SFX-01®-treated mice. We found significant improvements in trabecular and cortical bone. Despite these marked improvements, we found that histologically-graded OA severity in articular cartilage was unmodified in treated mice. These changes are also reflected in anabolic and anti-catabolic actions of SFX-01® treatment as reflected by alteration in serum markers as well as changes in primary osteoblast and osteoclast-like cells in vitro. We report that SFX-01® improves bone microarchitecture in vivo, produces corresponding changes in bone cell behaviour in vitro and leads to greater symmetry in gait, without marked effects on cartilage lesion severity in STR/Ort osteoarthritic mice. Our findings support both osteotrophic roles and novel beneficial gait effects for SFX-01® in this model of spontaneous OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Javaheri
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Blandine Poulet
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Ahmed Aljazzar
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Roberto de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Departamento de Clínica, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Miriam Piles
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Mark Hopkinson
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Elaine Shervill
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Andrea Pollard
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Boris Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Peter D Lee
- Manchester X-Ray Imaging Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew A Pitsillides
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
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Lakes EH, Allen KD. Gait analysis methods for rodent models of arthritic disorders: reviews and recommendations. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1837-1849. [PMID: 26995111 PMCID: PMC5026889 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gait analysis is a useful tool to understand behavioral changes in preclinical arthritis models. While observational scoring and spatiotemporal gait parameters are the most widely performed gait analyses in rodents, commercially available systems can now provide quantitative assessments of spatiotemporal patterns. However, inconsistencies remain between testing platforms, and laboratories often select different gait pattern descriptors to report in the literature. Rodent gait can also be described through kinetic and kinematic analyses, but systems to analyze rodent kinetics and kinematics are typically custom made and often require sensitive, custom equipment. While the use of rodent gait analysis rapidly expands, it is important to remember that, while rodent gait analysis is a relatively modern behavioral assay, the study of quadrupedal gait is not new. Nearly all gait parameters are correlated, and a collection of gait parameters is needed to understand a compensatory gait pattern used by the animal. As such, a change in a single gait parameter is unlikely to tell the full biomechanical story; and to effectively use gait analysis, one must consider how multiple different parameters contribute to an altered gait pattern. The goal of this article is to review rodent gait analysis techniques and provide recommendations on how to use these technologies in rodent arthritis models, including discussions on the strengths and limitations of observational scoring, spatiotemporal, kinetic, and kinematic measures. Recognizing rodent gait analysis is an evolving tool, we also provide technical recommendations we hope will improve the utility of these analyses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H. Lakes
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL,Institute for Cell & Tissue Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kyle D. Allen
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL,Institute for Cell & Tissue Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Hayer S, Bauer G, Willburger M, Sinn K, Alasti F, Plasenzotti R, Shvets T, Niederreiter B, Aschauer C, Steiner G, Podesser BK, Smolen JS, Redlich K. Cartilage damage and bone erosion are more prominent determinants of functional impairment in longstanding experimental arthritis than synovial inflammation. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1329-1338. [PMID: 27638666 PMCID: PMC5117225 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.025460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of articular joints causing bone and cartilage destruction consequently leads to functional impairment or loss of mobility in affected joints from individuals affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Even successful treatment with complete resolution of synovial inflammatory processes does not lead to full reversal of joint functionality, pointing to the crucial contribution of irreversibly damaged structural components, such as bone and cartilage, to restricted joint mobility. In this context, we investigated the impact of the distinct components, including synovial inflammation, bone erosion or cartilage damage, as well as the effect of blocking tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on functional impairment in human-TNF transgenic (hTNFtg) mice, a chronic inflammatory erosive animal model of RA. We determined CatWalk-assisted gait profiles as objective quantitative measurements of functional impairment. We first determined body-weight-independent gait parameters, including maximum intensity, print length, print width and print area in wild-type mice. We observed early changes in those gait parameters in hTNFtg mice at week 5 – the first clinical signs of arthritis. Moreover, we found further gait changes during chronic disease development, indicating progressive functional impairment in hTNFtg mice. By investigating the association of gait parameters with inflammation-mediated joint pathologies at different time points of the disease course, we found a relationship between gait parameters and the extent of cartilage damage and bone erosions, but not with the extent of synovitis in this chronic model. Next, we observed a significant improvement of functional impairment upon blocking TNF, even at progressed stages of disease. However, blocking TNF did not restore full functionality owing to remaining subclinical inflammation and structural microdamage. In conclusion, CatWalk gait analysis provides a useful tool for quantitative assessment of functional impairment in inflammatory destructive arthritis. Our findings indicate that cartilage damage and bone erosion, but not synovial inflammation, are the most important determinants for progressive functional impairment in this chronic erosive arthritis model. Summary: Gait-profile assessment is an objective quantitative measurement to monitor functional impairment in arthritis models. Longstanding functional impairment correlates with inflammation-driven structural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Hayer
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Gregor Bauer
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Willburger
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Katharina Sinn
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Farideh Alasti
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Roberto Plasenzotti
- Medical University of Vienna, Division of Biomedical Research, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Tetyana Shvets
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Birgit Niederreiter
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Constantin Aschauer
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Guenter Steiner
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Medical University of Vienna, Division of Biomedical Research, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Josef S Smolen
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Kurt Redlich
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Vienna 1090, Austria
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Functional Recovery from Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Transplantation Combined with Treadmill Training in Mice with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30898. [PMID: 27485458 PMCID: PMC4971501 DOI: 10.1038/srep30898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies targeting chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) have concluded that neural stem/progenitor cell (NS/PC) transplantation exerts only a subclinical recovery; this in contrast to its remarkable effect on acute and subacute SCI. To determine whether the addition of rehabilitative intervention enhances the effect of NS/PC transplantation for chronic SCI, we used thoracic SCI mouse models to compare manifestations secondary to both transplantation and treadmill training, and the two therapies combined, with a control group. Significant locomotor recovery in comparison with the control group was only achieved in the combined therapy group. Further investigation revealed that NS/PC transplantation improved spinal conductivity and central pattern generator activity, and that treadmill training promoted the appropriate inhibitory motor control. The combined therapy enhanced these independent effects of each single therapy, and facilitated neuronal differentiation of transplanted cells and maturation of central pattern generator activity synergistically. Our data suggest that rehabilitative treatment represents a therapeutic option for locomotor recovery after NS/PC transplantation, even in chronic SCI.
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Ge X, Ritter SY, Tsang K, Shi R, Takei K, Aliprantis AO. Sex-Specific Protection of Osteoarthritis by Deleting Cartilage Acid Protein 1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159157. [PMID: 27415616 PMCID: PMC4945026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage acidic protein 1 (CRTAC1) was recently identified as an elevated protein in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) by a proteomic analysis. This gene is also upregulated in both human and mouse OA by transcriptomic analysis. The objective of this study was to characterize the expression and function of CRTAC1 in OA. Here, we first confirm the increase of CRTAC1 in cartilage biopsies from OA patients undergoing joint replacement by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we report that proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha upregulate CRTAC1 expression in primary human articular chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts. Genetic deletion of Crtac1 in mice significantly inhibited cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation and gait abnormalities of post-traumatic OA in female, but not male, animals undergoing the destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. Taken together, CRTAC1 is upregulated in the osteoarthritic joint and directly induced in chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts by pro-inflammatory cytokines. This molecule is necessary for the progression of OA in female mice after DMM surgery and thus represents a potential therapy for this prevalent disease, especially for women who demonstrate higher rates and more severe OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Ge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Susan Y. Ritter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelly Tsang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ruirui Shi
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kohtaro Takei
- Molecular Medical Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Antonios O. Aliprantis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mossiat C, Laroche D, Prati C, Pozzo T, Demougeot C, Marie C. Association between arthritis score at the onset of the disease and long-term locomotor outcome in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:184. [PMID: 26183428 PMCID: PMC4506462 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the connection between the intensity of initial symptoms of inflammation and locomotor outcome in rheumatoid arthritis, we examined the relationship between long-term locomotor abnormalities and signs of inflammation at the onset of the disease in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats. METHODS The arthritis score and hind-paw diameter were followed from immunization to day 195 (~7 months). At this time, locomotion was recorded during forced treadmill walking using 3D motion technology before radiographic scoring of hind limb joint damage. Many locomotor parameters were analyzed including time and length parameters, limbs kinematics, lateral paw position at toe off, maximal hind-paw elevation and posture. Ankle mobility was assessed from range of motion (ROM) of the joint during locomotion. Experiments were run in AIA (n = 18) and age-matched non-AIA rats (n = 8). RESULTS All AIA rats exhibited signs of inflammation at day 14 with a peak of inflammatory symptoms at day 22 post-immunization. After the first episode of inflammation, 83 % of AIA rats demonstrated recurrent disease (from week 6 to week 23). The frequency of inflammatory episodes (1 to 5) was not linked to the arthritis score at day 22. At day 195 post-immunization, AIA rats showed significantly impaired locomotion and radiographic lesions as compared to control rats. Significant relationships were observed between most locomotion-related parameters and concurrent ROM of ankle, which correlated negatively with the radiographic score. ROM of ankle at day 195 correlated negatively with both the arthritis score and hind-paw diameter measured at day 14, 22 and 30 post-immunization. CONCLUSION Decreased ankle mobility can be considered a driver of locomotion impairment in AIA. In this model, the severity of the initial inflammatory symptoms had a good prognostic value for long-term locomotor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Mossiat
- INSERM U1093, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Davy Laroche
- INSERM U1093, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France. .,CHRU, Dijon, France.
| | - Clément Prati
- EA4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France. .,CHRU, Besançon, France.
| | - Thierry Pozzo
- INSERM U1093, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Céline Demougeot
- EA4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France.
| | - Christine Marie
- INSERM U1093, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France. .,INSERM U 1093 Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, BP 87900, 21000, Dijon, France.
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Smith BJH, Cullingford L, Usherwood JR. Identification of mouse gaits using a novel force-sensing exercise wheel. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:704-18. [PMID: 26139220 PMCID: PMC4687864 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01014.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gaits that animals use can provide information on neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, as well as the biomechanics of locomotion. Mice are a common research model in many fields; however, there is no consensus in the literature on how (and if) mouse gaits vary with speed. One of the challenges in studying mouse gaits is that mice tend to run intermittently on treadmills or overground; this paper attempts to overcome this issue with a novel exercise wheel that measures vertical ground reaction forces. Unlike previous instrumented wheels, this wheel is able to measure forces continuously and can therefore record data from consecutive strides. By concatenating the maximum limb force at each time point, a force trace can be constructed to quantify and identify gaits. The wheel was three dimensionally printed, allowing the design to be shared with other researchers. The kinematic parameters measured by the wheel were evaluated using high-speed video. Gaits were classified using a metric called "3S" (stride signal symmetry), which quantifies the half wave symmetry of the force trace peaks. Although mice are capable of using both symmetric and asymmetric gaits throughout their speed range, the continuum of gaits can be divided into regions based on the frequency of symmetric and asymmetric gaits; these divisions are further supported by the fact that mice run less frequently at speeds near the boundaries between regions. The boundary speeds correspond to gait transition speeds predicted by the hypothesis that mice move in a dynamically similar fashion to other legged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J H Smith
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lottie Cullingford
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - James R Usherwood
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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Hagiwara Y, Dyment N, Jiang X, Huang J, Ackert-Bicknell C, Adams D, Rowe D. Fixation stability dictates the differentiation pathway of periosteal progenitor cells in fracture repair. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:948-56. [PMID: 25639792 PMCID: PMC4891973 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study compared fracture repair stabilized by intramedullary pin (IMP) or external fixation (EF) in GFP reporter mice. A modified IMP was used as control while EF utilized six needles inserted transversely through the tibia and into a segment of a syringe barrel. X-rays taken at days 0, 14, and 35 showed that IMP resulted in significant three-dimensional deformity with a large callus while EF showed minimal deformity and callus formation. Cryohistological analysis of IMP at day 14 confirmed a large ColX-RFPchry+ callus surrounded by woven bone (Col3.6-GFPcyan) and TRAP+ osteoclasts with mature bone (hOC-GFPtpz) at the base. By day 35, cartilaginous components had been resorbed and an outer cortical shell (OCS) showed evidence of inward modeling. In contrast, the EF at day 14 showed no evidence of cartilage formation. Instead, periosteal-derived osteoblasts (Col3.6-GFPcyan) entered the fracture cleft and formed woven bone that spanned the marrow space. By day 35, mature bone had formed that was contiguous with the opposing cortical bone. Fracture site stability greatly affects the cellular response during repair and must be considered in the preclinical models that test therapies for improving fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113, JAPAN
| | | | | | | | - C. Ackert-Bicknell
- Dept. Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - D.J. Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
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Poulet B, de Souza R, Kent A, Saxon L, Barker O, Wilson A, Chang YM, Cake M, Pitsillides A. Intermittent applied mechanical loading induces subchondral bone thickening that may be intensified locally by contiguous articular cartilage lesions. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:940-8. [PMID: 25655679 PMCID: PMC4459965 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Changes in subchondral bone (SCB) and cross-talk with articular cartilage (AC) have been linked to osteoarthritis (OA). Using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) this study: (1) examines changes in SCB architecture in a non-invasive loading mouse model in which focal AC lesions are induced selectively in the lateral femur, and (2) determines any modifications in the contralateral knee, linked to changes in gait, which might complicate use of this limb as an internal control. METHODS Right knee joints of CBA mice were loaded: once with 2 weeks of habitual use (n = 7), for 2 weeks (n = 8) or for 5 weeks (n = 5). Both left (contralateral) and right (loaded) knees were micro-CT scanned and the SCB and trabecular bone analysed. Gait analysis was also performed. RESULTS These analyses showed a significant increase in SCB thickness in the lateral compartments in joints loaded for 5 weeks, which was most marked in the lateral femur; the contralateral non-loaded knee also showed transient SCB thickening (loaded once and repetitively). Epiphyseal trabecular bone BV/TV and trabecular thickness were also increased in the lateral compartments after 5 weeks of loading, and in all joint compartments in the contralateral knee. Gait analysis showed that applied loading only affected gait in the contralateral himd-limb in all groups of mice from the second week after the first loading episode. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate a spatial link between SCB thickening and AC lesions following mechanical trauma, and the clear limitations associated with the use of contralateral joints as controls in such OA models, and perhaps in OA diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Poulet
- University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - R. de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - A.V. Kent
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - L. Saxon
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - O. Barker
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - A. Wilson
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | | | - M. Cake
- Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - A.A. Pitsillides
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: A.A. Pitsillides, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, University of London, NW1 0TU, UK. Tel: 44-207-468-5245.
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Abstract
Patients with osteoarthritis (OA) primarily seek treatment due to pain and disability, yet the primary endpoints for rodent OA models tend to be histological measures of joint destruction. The discrepancy between clinical and preclinical evaluations is problematic, given that radiographic evidence of OA in humans does not always correlate to the severity of patient-reported symptoms. Recent advances in behavioral analyses have provided new methods to evaluate disease sequelae in rodents. Of particular relevance to rodent OA models are methods to assess rodent gait. While obvious differences exist between quadrupedal and bipedal gait sequences, the gait abnormalities seen in humans and in rodent OA models reflect similar compensatory behaviors that protect an injured limb from loading. The purpose of this review is to describe these compensations and current methods used to assess rodent gait characteristics, while detailing important considerations for the selection of gait analysis methods in rodent OA models.
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Genetic deficiency of the mitochondrial protein PGAM5 causes a Parkinson's-like movement disorder. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4930. [PMID: 25222142 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a specialized form of autophagy that selectively disposes of dysfunctional mitochondria. Delineating the molecular regulation of mitophagy is of great importance because defects in this process lead to a variety of mitochondrial diseases. Here we report that mice deficient for the mitochondrial protein, phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5), displayed a Parkinson's-like movement phenotype. We determined biochemically that PGAM5 is required for the stabilization of the mitophagy-inducing protein PINK1 on damaged mitochondria. Loss of PGAM5 disables PINK1-mediated mitophagy in vitro and leads to dopaminergic neurodegeneration and mild dopamine loss in vivo. Our data indicate that PGAM5 is a regulator of mitophagy essential for mitochondrial turnover and serves a cytoprotective function in dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Moreover, PGAM5 may provide a molecular link to study mitochondrial homeostasis and the pathogenesis of a movement disorder similar to Parkinson's disease.
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Poulet B, de Souza R, Knights CB, Gentry C, Wilson AM, Bevan S, Chang YM, Pitsillides AA. Modifications of gait as predictors of natural osteoarthritis progression in STR/Ort mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1832-42. [PMID: 24623711 PMCID: PMC4271671 DOI: 10.1002/art.38616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease for which disease-modifying therapies are not currently available. Studies to seek new targets for slowing the progress of OA rely on mouse models, but these do not allow for longitudinal monitoring of disease development. This study was undertaken to determine whether gait can be used to measure disease severity in the STR/Ort mouse model of spontaneous OA and whether gait changes are related to OA joint pain. Methods Gait was monitored using a treadmill-based video system. Correlations between OA severity and gait at 3 treadmill speeds were assessed in STR/Ort mice. Gait and pain behaviors of STR/Ort mice and control CBA mice were analyzed longitudinally, with monthly assessments. Results The best speed to identify paw area changes associated with OA severity in STR/Ort mice was found to be 17 cm · seconds−1. Paw area was modified with age in CBA and STR/Ort mice, but this began earlier in STR/Ort mice and correlated with the onset of OA at 20 weeks of age. In addition, task noncompliance appeared at 20 weeks. Surprisingly, STR/Ort mice did not show any signs of pain with OA development, even when treated with the opioid antagonist naloxone, but did exhibit normal pain behaviors in response to complete Freund's adjuvant–induced arthritis. Conclusion The present results identify an animal model in which OA severity and OA pain can be studied in isolation from one another. The findings suggest that paw area and treadmill noncompliance may be useful tools to longitudinally monitor nonpainful OA development in STR/Ort mice. This will help in providing a noninvasive means of assessing new therapies to slow the progression of OA.
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Batka RJ, Brown TJ, Mcmillan KP, Meadows RM, Jones KJ, Haulcomb MM. The need for speed in rodent locomotion analyses. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:1839-64. [PMID: 24890845 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Locomotion analysis is now widely used across many animal species to understand the motor defects in disease, functional recovery following neural injury, and the effectiveness of various treatments. More recently, rodent locomotion analysis has become an increasingly popular method in a diverse range of research. Speed is an inseparable aspect of locomotion that is still not fully understood, and its effects are often not properly incorporated while analyzing data. In this hybrid manuscript, we accomplish three things: (1) review the interaction between speed and locomotion variables in rodent studies, (2) comprehensively analyze the relationship between speed and 162 locomotion variables in a group of 16 wild-type mice using the CatWalk gait analysis system, and (3) develop and test a statistical method in which locomotion variables are analyzed and reported in the context of speed. Notable results include the following: (1) over 90% of variables, reported by CatWalk, were dependent on speed with an average R(2) value of 0.624, (2) most variables were related to speed in a nonlinear manner, (3) current methods of controlling for speed are insufficient, and (4) the linear mixed model is an appropriate and effective statistical method for locomotion analyses that is inclusive of speed-dependent relationships. Given the pervasive dependency of locomotion variables on speed, we maintain that valid conclusions from locomotion analyses cannot be made unless they are analyzed and reported within the context of speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Batka
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 5025 C, Indianapolis, Indiana; R & D Services Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W. 10th Street, Mail Code 151, Rm C-3074, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Eftaxiopoulou T, Macdonald W, Britzman D, Bull AMJ. Gait compensations in rats after a temporary nerve palsy quantified using temporo-spatial and kinematic parameters. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 232:16-23. [PMID: 24768577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this work was to test a method for measuring the gait of rats with sufficient sensitivity to detect subtle locomotor changes due to pathology, injury and recovery. METHOD The gait of female Sprague-Dawley rats was assessed using an optical motion tracking system and the DigiGait™ imaging system during normal locomotion, shortly after temporary nerve block to the left hind limb and after full recovery. RESULTS The effect of low treadmill speeds (10-30 cm/s) was initially investigated. Significant changes were detected in the spatiotemporal gait parameters, consistent with those previously reported. The overall ranges of motion in the hip, knee and ankle joints were 37.5° (±7.1°), 50.2° (±9.4°) and 61.6° (±9.1°) and did not appear to change with speed, indicating that for low speed variations, kinematic comparisons across speeds may be possible. Following the induction of a temporary sciatic nerve block, the range of motion of the left ankle and knee during swing decreased by 23° and 33°, respectively (p<0.05). A compensatory change of a greater range of motion at the hip was noted in the contralateral limb (p<0.01). 90 min post injection, most of the gait parameters had returned to normal, however, minor walking deficits were still present. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Discriminant analysis showed that a combination of dynamic and kinematic parameters provides a more robust method for the classification of gait changes. CONCLUSIONS This more detailed method, employing both dynamic analysis and joint kinematics simultaneously, was found to be a reliable approach for the quantification of gait in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofano Eftaxiopoulou
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ UK; The Royal British Legion Centre for Blast Injury Studies at Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ UK.
| | - Warren Macdonald
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - David Britzman
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Anthony M J Bull
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ UK; The Royal British Legion Centre for Blast Injury Studies at Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ UK
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Rajasekaran N, Tran R, Pascual C, Xie X, Mellins ED. Reduced locomotor activity correlates with increased severity of arthritis in a mouse model of antibody-induced arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 4:62-68. [PMID: 25506517 DOI: 10.4236/ojra.2014.41010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia and progressive cartilage and bone destruction that leads to a substantial loss of general functions and/or a decline in physical activities such as walking speed in humans. The K/BxN serum transfer arthritis in mice shares many immunological and pathological features with human RA. Very few studies are available in mice that investigate the changes in physical activity in relation to arthritis development. In this study we investigate the effect of arthritis on the locomotor activity of mice during K/BxN sera transfer arthritis. METHODS Arthritis was induced in Balb/c mice by injecting intraperitoneally with 200ul of K/BxN sera; Balb/c mice injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) served as control. Progress of arthritis was estimated by daily measurements of joint thickness. Each mouse's locomotor activity (travel distance and travel time) was assessed every day for duration of 20 minute period using the SmartCage™ platform. Data were analyzed using the SmartCage™ analysis software (CageScore™). RESULTS Arthritic Balb/c mice showed a reduction in distance covered and travel speed when compared to arthritis-free, control Balb/c mice. Maximum decline in locomotor activity was observed during the peak period of the disease and correlated to the increase in joint thickness in the arthritic mice. CONCLUSION This report demonstrates that measuring locomotor activity of mice during progression of K/BxN sera-induced arthritis using the SmartCage™ platform offers a quantitative method to assess physical activity in mice during arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendiran Rajasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in immunology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA-94305
| | - Ricky Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in immunology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA-94305
| | | | - Xinmin Xie
- AfaSci Research Laboratory, Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Elizabeth D Mellins
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in immunology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA-94305
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Dorman CW, Krug HE, Frizelle SP, Funkenbusch S, Mahowald ML. A comparison of DigiGait™ and TreadScan™ imaging systems: assessment of pain using gait analysis in murine monoarthritis. J Pain Res 2013; 7:25-35. [PMID: 24516338 PMCID: PMC3883276 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s52195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Carrageenan-induced arthritis is a painful acute arthritis model that is simple to induce, with peak pain and inflammation occurring at about 3 hours. This arthritis model can be evaluated using semiquantitative evoked or non-evoked pain scoring systems. These measures are subjective and are often time- and labor-intensive. It would be beneficial to utilize quantitative, nonsubjective evaluations of pain with rapid assessment tools. We sought to compare the DigiGait™ and TreadScan™ systems and to validate the two gait analysis platforms for detection of carrageenan-induced monoarthritis pain and analgesic response through changes in gait behavior. Methods Non-arthritic mice and carrageenan-induced arthritic mice with and without analgesia were examined. A painful arthritic knee was produced by injection of 3% carrageenan into the knee joint of adult mice. Analgesic-treated mice were injected subcutaneously with 0.015 mg/mL (0.5 mg/kg) buprenorphine. Five-second videos were captured on the DigiGait™ or TreadScan™ system and, after calculating gait parameters, were compared using student’s unpaired t-test. Results We found the DigiGait™ system consistently measured significantly longer stride measures (swing time, stance time, and stride time) than did TreadScan™. Both systems’ measures of variability were equal. Reproducibility was inconsistent on both systems. While both systems detected alterations in some gait measures after carrageenan injection, none of the alterations were seen with both systems. Only the TreadScan™ detected normalization of gait measures after analgesia, but the system could not detect normalization across all measures that altered due to arthritis pain. Time spent on analysis was dependent on operator experience. Conclusion Neither the DigiGait™ nor TreadScan™ system was useful for measuring changes in pain behaviors or analgesic responses in acute inflammatory monoarthritic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hollis E Krug
- Department of Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Department of Medicine, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Maren L Mahowald
- Department of Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Department of Medicine, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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N-(2-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide produces profound inhibition of c-Fos protein and mRNA expression in the brain of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 387:81-90. [PMID: 24186846 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain and cognitive decline are characteristic symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. One of the immediate early gene c-fos is overexpressed during peripheral and central noxious conditions and can be used as a marker for neuronal activity/excitability. In the adjuvant-induced arthritis Sprague-Dawley rat model, we examined the dynamics of c-Fos protein and mRNA expression in the amygdala, cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus and evaluated the effects of N-(2-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide (NA-2), a derivative of salicylic acid. The paw volume was assessed as an indicator of peripheral edema and the hyperalgesia associated with arthritis was monitored by gait analysis. The region of interests of the brain from arthritic and non-arthritic animals were used to isolate the RNA and were then reverse transcribed into cDNA. The PCR products were electrophoresed on 1% agarose gel and the gels were visualized in gel-doc system. The frozen brain sections were stained for c-Fos using immunohistochemistry. Negative control experiments were performed without the primary and secondary antibodies to rule out the nonspecific tissue binding of antibodies. We report a significant increase in the c-Fos expression in the arthritic control animals. In comparison to the control group, the treatment of NA-2 treatment was found to block the development of the arthritis-induced c-Fos protein and mRNA expression and peripheral edema. It also significantly reduces the gait deficits which were otherwise observed in the arthritic control group. Both the immunohistochemistry and PCR analysis revealed NA-2 to be more potent in comparison to member of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
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Wu JJ, Liu J, Chen EB, Wang JJ, Cao L, Narayan N, Fergusson MM, Rovira II, Allen M, Springer DA, Lago CU, Zhang S, DuBois W, Ward T, deCabo R, Gavrilova O, Mock B, Finkel T. Increased mammalian lifespan and a segmental and tissue-specific slowing of aging after genetic reduction of mTOR expression. Cell Rep 2013; 4:913-20. [PMID: 23994476 PMCID: PMC3784301 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed aging parameters using a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) hypomorphic mouse model. Mice with two hypomorphic (mTOR(Δ/Δ)) alleles are viable but express mTOR at approximately 25% of wild-type levels. These animals demonstrate reduced mTORC1 and mTORC2 activity and exhibit an approximately 20% increase in median survival. While mTOR(Δ/Δ) mice are smaller than wild-type mice, these animals do not demonstrate any alterations in normalized food intake, glucose homeostasis, or metabolic rate. Consistent with their increased lifespan, mTOR(Δ/Δ) mice exhibited a reduction in a number of aging tissue biomarkers. Functional assessment suggested that, as mTOR(Δ/Δ) mice age, they exhibit a marked functional preservation in many, but not all, organ systems. Thus, in a mammalian model, while reducing mTOR expression markedly increases overall lifespan, it affects the age-dependent decline in tissue and organ function in a segmental fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Julie Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Edmund B. Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jennifer J. Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001 China
| | - Nisha Narayan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Marie M. Fergusson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ilsa I. Rovira
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Michele Allen
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Danielle A. Springer
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Cory U. Lago
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Wendy DuBois
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Theresa Ward
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute of Aging, NIH Baltimore MD 21224
| | - Rafael deCabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute of Aging, NIH Baltimore MD 21224
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Beverly Mock
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892
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Takayanagi N, Beppu H, Mizutani K, Tomita Y, Nagao S, Suzuki S, Orand A, Takahashi H, Sonoda S. Pelvic axis-based gait analysis for ataxic mice. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 219:162-8. [PMID: 23912024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although different gait analysis methods such as Walking Track Analysis exist, they cannot be used to demonstrate the physical condition of mice with specific gait disorder characteristic. Therefore, we developed a new method for the gait analysis of such mice to accurately assess hind limb angle based on the pelvic axis. NEW METHOD We established and verified a gait analysis method capable of pelvic axis-based limb angle measurement by video-recording the gait of a control mice group (C57BL/6J(B6)) and three ataxic mice (ataxic B6-wob/t, Parkinson's disease model (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treated (MPTP)), and cerebellum hypoplasia (cytosine-β-d-arabinofuranoside treated)) from the ventral side. RESULTS The assessed hind limb angles of B6-wob/t and MPTP-treated mice were significantly wider than B6 mice (p<0.01). Moreover, we could draw separating lines with slopes of minus one that could separate the data of each group in the scatter plot of the normalized hind limb step width and angle. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We found no significance when we applied the already existing nose-tail method for the analysis of the hind limb angles of B6 and B6-wob/t mice. In the nose-tail method, since the whole body axis of the trunk varies while the trunk of the mouse is laterally bent changing the hind limb angle, B6 and B6-wob/t mice could not be differentiated. However, the two mice groups could be differentiated by the pelvic axis-based gait analysis method. CONCLUSION The pelvic axis-based gait analysis method is promising and valid for mice with gait disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takayanagi
- Rehabilitation Medicine II, Graduate School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Mie 514-1296, Japan.
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Ellman R, Spatz J, Cloutier A, Palme R, Christiansen BA, Bouxsein ML. Partial reductions in mechanical loading yield proportional changes in bone density, bone architecture, and muscle mass. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:875-85. [PMID: 23165526 PMCID: PMC4118556 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although the musculoskeletal system is known to be sensitive to changes in its mechanical environment, the relationship between functional adaptation and below-normal mechanical stimuli is not well defined. We investigated bone and muscle adaptation to a range of reduced loading using the partial weight suspension (PWS) system, in which a two-point harness is used to offload a tunable amount of body weight while maintaining quadrupedal locomotion. Skeletally mature female C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to partial weight bearing at 20%, 40%, 70%, or 100% of body weight for 21 days. A hindlimb unloaded (HLU) group was included for comparison in addition to age-matched controls in normal housing. Gait kinematics was measured across the full range of weight bearing, and some minor alterations in gait from PWS were identified. With PWS, bone and muscle changes were generally proportional to the degree of unloading. Specifically, total body and hindlimb bone mineral density, calf muscle mass, trabecular bone volume of the distal femur, and cortical area of the femur midshaft were all linearly related to the degree of unloading. Even a load reduction to 70% of normal weight bearing was associated with significant bone deterioration and muscle atrophy. Weight bearing at 20% did not lead to better bone outcomes than HLU despite less muscle atrophy and presumably greater mechanical stimulus, requiring further investigation. These data confirm that the PWS model is highly effective in applying controllable, reduced, long-term loading that produces predictable, discrete adaptive changes in muscle and bone of the hindlimb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ellman
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Redondo-Castro E, Torres-Espín A, García-Alías G, Navarro X. Quantitative assessment of locomotion and interlimb coordination in rats after different spinal cord injuries. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 213:165-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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