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Alenazi F, Moursi S, Mahmoud MR, Shahid SMA, Khatoon F, Shahid Khan M, Khan MA, Alam MJ, Saleem M, Syed Khaja AS. Withaferin A alleviates inflammation in animal models of arthritis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and cytokine release. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111114. [PMID: 38897341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Withaferin A, a steroid lactone from Withania somnifera, exhibits anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. This study investigated the effects of withaferin A on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats, focusing on NF-κB p65 regulation and cytokine release. Withaferin A (50 mg/kg b.wt., orally) or methotrexate (0.25 mg/kg b.wt., i.p., as a reference drug) was given to CIA rats daily for 20 days postarthritis induction. Joints were removed from nonarthritic and arthritic rats to assess the levels of NO, MPO, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, COX-2, and NF-κB via ELISA. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB was also assessed through qPCR. Treatment with withaferin A significantly inhibited the levels of inflammatory cytokines and the transcription factor NF-κB; suppressed the expression of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB in the joint tissue of CIA rats; and reduced cartilage and bone destruction, as shown by H&E staining. To confirm the results obtained from biochemical and molecular studies and to determine the molecular target of withaferin A, we performed a molecular simulation of the potential targets of withaferin A, which identified the NF-κB pathway as its target. These results suggested that withaferin A effectively attenuated rheumatoid arthritis progression by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway and the downstream secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahaad Alenazi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soha Moursi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Madiha R Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Fahmida Khatoon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohd Shahid Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi University, Delhi, India.
| | - Mohammad Jahoor Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohd Saleem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
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Alqahtani NF, Alfaifi MY, Shati AA, Elbehairi SEI, Elshaarawy RFM, Serag WM, Hassan YA, El-Sayed WN. Exploring the chondroitin sulfate nanogel's potential in combating nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin and doxorubicin-An in-vivo study on rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128839. [PMID: 38134998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aim to unveil the potential of itaconyl chondroitin sulfate nanogel (ICSNG) in tackling chronic kidney diseases triggered by the administration of CDDP and doxorubicin (Adriamycin, ADR). To that end, the new drug delivery system (ICSNG) was initially prepared, characterized, and loaded with the target drugs. Thereafter, the in-vivo studies were performed using five equally divided groups of 100 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Biochemical evaluation and immunohistochemistry studies have revealed the renal toxicity and the ameliorative effects of ICSNG on renal function. When ICSNG-based treatments were contrasted with the CDDP and ADR infected groups, they significantly increased paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and albumin activity and significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), creatinine, urea, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity (p < 0.001). The findings of the current study imply that ICSNG may be able to lessen renal inflammation and damage in chronic kidney disorders brought on by the administration of CDDP and ADR. Interestingly, according to the estimated selectivity indices, the ICSNG-encapsulated drugs have demonstrated superior selectivity for cancer MCF-7 cells, over healthy HSF cells, in comparison to the bare drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah F Alqahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Shati
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Reda F M Elshaarawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, 43533 Suez, Egypt; Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Waleed M Serag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, 43533 Suez, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Qalam University College, Kirkuk, Iraq; Department of pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - W N El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Khan MA, Anwar MF, Ahmad M. Ocimum sanctum L water extract: In-situ green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Preclinical study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127212. [PMID: 37257336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic progressive autoimmune disorder, characterised by destruction of cartilage and under line bones. Though exact etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown. It is believed that alteration in control of cellular or molecular responses is involved in the chronic inflammation. Earlier in RA patients it was observed the circulating RA specific biomarkers and immunoglobulin deposits in the synovial joints. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) is used as an anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent, however there is nil/very less scientific data shows the anti-arthritic activity of green synthesis ZnO nanoparticles (Ocimum sanctum water extract in-situ synthesis of ZnO NPs having active compound Caffeic acid and Rosmerinic acid). Hence, the present activity was planned to assess the anti-arthritic activity of ZnO NPs in CIA rats. METHODS Arthritis in rats were induced by subcutaneous injection of collagen type II (CII) (200 µl) at the base of tail on day 0 followed by booster dose on day 14. ZnO NPs were given (2 mg/kg b.wt./day) orally for 20 days. At the end of the study serum, joint homogenate was used to assess the level of biomarkers (RF, a-CCP, a-CII and CRP) and inflammatory mediators. In addition, m-RNA expression of various genes such as Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), inflammatory mediators like tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) etc. were assayed in joint tissue. Finally all these biochemical and molecular results were confirmed by microscopic study of joint tissue. RESULTS ZnO NPs, treated rats showed decrease in inflammation and clinical severity. This was related with decrease in the level of biomarkers (like RF, a-CCP and CRP), inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, COX-2) and activity of transcription factor NF-kB. All these findings were positively correlated with microscopic analysis of joint tissue that showed reduced inflammation and bone erosion in treated group. CONCLUSION This study validates the anti-arthritic activity of ZnO NPs as it mitigates the arthritis related symptoms in CIA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital (Delhi University), New Delhi 110095, India.
| | - Mohammad Faiyaz Anwar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mahboob Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur (UP)-261001, India.
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Liu X, Tao T, Yao H, Zheng H, Wang F, Gao Y. Mechanism of action of quercetin in rheumatoid arthritis models: meta-analysis and systematic review of animal studies. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01196-y. [PMID: 37150762 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a typical flavonoid derived from a common natural plant, has multiple biological activities. Previous research in animal models has demonstrated the effectiveness of quercetin in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The pharmacological effects and probable mechanisms of quercetin were evaluated in this study. Three databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, were searched for relevant studies from the creation of the databases to November 2022. Methodological quality was assessed using the SYRCLE risk of bias tool. STATA 15.1 was used to perform the statistical analysis. This research included 17 studies involving 251 animals. The results indicated that quercetin was able to reduce arthritis scores, paw swelling, histopathological scores, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and increase interleukin-10 (IL-10), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These may be related to quercetin's potential anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and osteoprotective properties. However, more high-quality animal studies are needed to assess the effect of quercetin on RA. Additionally, the safety of quercetin requires further confirmation. Given the importance of the active ingredient, dose selection and the improvement of quercetin's bioavailability remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Yao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilan Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuming Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- International Education College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Alsaffar RM, Ali A, Rashid SM, Ahmad SB, Alkholifi FK, Kawoosa MS, Ahmad SP, Rehman MU. Zerumbone Protects Rats from Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Inhibiting Oxidative Outbursts and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:2982-2991. [PMID: 36713739 PMCID: PMC9878628 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immunocompromised disorder characterized by a marked increase in the synthesis of inflammatory molecules that stimulates the destruction of bones and cartilage. The conventional treatment modalities for RA are associated with adverse side effects and lack sensitivity, suggesting an immediate demand for alternate beneficial therapeutic remedies. The current study sought to understand more about zerumbone's anti-inflammatory properties in diagnosing collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in experimental animals. The current study observed that zerumbone reduced clinical severity in CIA-induced animals compared to healthy animals. Zerumbone administration significantly decreased (p < 0.001) the concentration of SOD, CAT, GR, and GSH in treatment groups. Zerumbone administration drove down significantly (p < 0.001) the concentration of inflammatory cytokine molecules. Zerumbone was effective in bringing significant changes in levels of MPO, NO, LDH, MMP-8, and ELA. The therapeutic potential of zerumbone was found to be associated with reduced joint destruction and restored normal histology in the cartilage and tissue. Adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity studies were used to determine the druglike properties of zerumbone. ProTox-II studies revealed that zerumbone did not possess toxic properties like hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and cytotoxicity. Therefore, the present study evaluated the therapeutic properties of zerumbone in CIA animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M Alsaffar
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Aarif Ali
- Division
of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary
Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Shahzada Mudasir Rashid
- Division
of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary
Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division
of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary
Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Faisal K Alkholifi
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Majid Shafi Kawoosa
- Mycoplasma
Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences
and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Sheikh Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department
of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Khan MA, Rabbani G, Aggarawal J, Ahmed RS. Divulging the Intricacies of Crosstalk Between NF-kB and Nrf-2/Keap1 Pathway in the Treatment of Arthritis by Dimethyl Fumarate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04324-0. [PMID: 36662423 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that use of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) may mitigate arthritic symptoms in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats through activation of NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf-2) and suppression of NF-kB pathway. Arthritis in rats was induced by subcutaneous injection of collagen type II (200 µl) at the base of the tail. After induction arthritic rats were treated with DMF (25 mg/kg b.wt.) for 20 days from the day 25th to 45th. At the end of the study, serum and joint homogenate was used to assess the oxidative stress and cytokines level. In addition, mRNA expression of various genes such as NF-kB, Keap-1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) and Nrf-2 was assayed through qRT-PCR in joint tissue. Finally, all these biochemical and molecular results were confirmed by histological and in silico study. Our results showed that decrease in the clinical severity, inflammation, and cell necrosis in DMF-treated rats. This was related with decrease in NF-kB activity and increase in activity of Nrf-2. Treatment with DMF increases the levels of endogenous antioxidant biomarkers glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreases inflammation. These biochemical and molecular results were further confirmed by performing in silico study that shows DMF strongly inhibits the activation of NF-kB, and conversely at the same time increases the activity of Nrf-2 that means a significantly lower amount of inflammatory mediators and oxidants was produced. Decrease in inflammation leads to preserving the joint architecture and alleviation from clinical symptoms of arthritis. Collectively, these results indicate that Nrf-2 activation protects against arthritic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Gulam Rabbani
- Nano Diagnostics & Devices (NDD), IT Medical Fusion Center, 350-27 Gumidae-ro, Gumi Si, Gyeongbuk, 39253, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhi Aggarawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Deemed to Be University, Ghaziabad, U.P, India
| | - Rafat Sultana Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
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Lee FS, Ney KE, Richardson AN, Oberley-Deegan RE, Wachs RA. Encapsulation of Manganese Porphyrin in Chondroitin Sulfate-A Microparticles for Long Term Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:391-407. [PMID: 36444349 PMCID: PMC9700555 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-022-00744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress due to excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) is related to many chronic illnesses including degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritis. MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BuOE), a manganese porphyrin analog, is a synthetic superoxide dismutase mimetic that scavenges ROS and has established good treatment efficacy at preventing radiation-induced oxidative damage in healthy cells. BuOE has not been studied in degenerative disc disease applications and only few studies have loaded BuOE into drug delivery systems. The goal of this work is to engineer BuOE microparticles (MPs) as an injectable therapeutic for long-term ROS scavenging. Methods Methacrylated chondroitin sulfate-A MPs (vehicle) and BuOE MPs were synthesized via water-in-oil polymerization and the size, surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency and release profile were characterized. To assess long term ROS scavenging of BuOE MPs, superoxide scavenging activity was evaluated over an 84-day time course. In vitro cytocompatibility and cellular uptake were assessed on human intervertebral disc cells. Results BuOE MPs were successfully encapsulated in MACS-A MPs and exhibited a slow-release profile over 84 days. BuOE maintained high potency in superoxide scavenging after encapsulation and after 84 days of incubation at 37 °C as compared to naked BuOE. Vehicle and BuOE MPs (100 µg/mL) were non-cytotoxic on nucleus pulposus cells and MPs up to 23 µm were endocytosed. Conclusions BuOE MPs can be successfully fabricated and maintain potent superoxide scavenging capabilities up to 84-days. In vitro assessment reveals the vehicle and BuOE MPs are not cytotoxic and can be taken up by cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-022-00744-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei San Lee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900 USA
| | - Kayla E. Ney
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900 USA
| | - Alexandria N. Richardson
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900 USA
| | - Rebecca E. Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Rebecca A. Wachs
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900 USA
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Glucosamine use, smoking and risk of incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a large prospective cohort study. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:721-732. [PMID: 34526168 PMCID: PMC9892851 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100372x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation exerts pleiotropic effects in the aetiology and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Glucosamine is widely used in many countries and may have anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association of regular glucosamine use with incident COPD risk and explore whether such association could be modified by smoking in the UK Biobank cohort, which recruited more than half a million participants aged 40-69 years from across the UK between 2006 and 2010. Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for potential confounding factors were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) as well as 95 % CI for the risk of incident COPD. During a median follow-up of 8·96 years (interquartile range 8·29-9·53 years), 9016 new-onset events of COPD were documented. We found that the regular use of glucosamine was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident COPD with multivariable adjusted HR of 0·80 (95 % CI, 0·75, 0·85; P < 0·001). When subgroup analyses were performed by smoking status, the adjusted HR for the association of regular glucosamine use with incident COPD were 0·84 (0·73, 0·96), 0·84 (0·77, 0·92) and 0·71 (0·62, 0·80) among never smokers, former smokers and current smokers, respectively. No significant interaction was observed between glucosamine use and smoking status (Pfor interaction = 0·078). Incident COPD could be reduced by 14 % to 84 % through a combination of regular glucosamine use and smoking cessation.
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9
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Zhang D, Ning T, Wang H. Vitexin alleviates inflammation and enhances apoptosis through the regulation of the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in the arthritis rat model. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23201. [PMID: 36029189 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorder. RA is progressive and needs long-term treatment. Vitexin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid that is identified in various plant sources. Vitexin is demonstrated to produce antioxidant effects with numerous pharmacological activities. This experimental in vivo study assessed the antiarthritic and apoptotic role of a natural plant extract, vitexin, on RA. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model Sprague Dawley males were grouped into five sets with six rats each: control, CIA, CIA + vitexin (10 mg/kg bw), CIA + Methotrexate (1 mg/kg bw), and vitexin (10 mg/kg bw) alone. The body weight, organ weight, biochemical assay, inflammatory enzymes, apoptosis, and cytokines levels were evaluated and compared among groups. Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)/suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) levels and histopathology of ankle joints were also studied and compared. Significance was considered at a p < 0.05. Vitexin (10 mg/kg bw) significantly reduced the inflammatory enzyme markers, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and iNOS levels in arthritis rats (p < 0.05). Vitexin significantly improved collagen-induced arthritic histological changes (p < 0.05). Vitexin also reduced JAK/STAT expressions associated with inflammation and significantly increased elevated SOCS levels (p < 0.05). Aberration in apoptosis, inflammatory mediators, C-reactive protein, and rheumatoid factor levels in the arthritic rats reverted to normal with vitexin. These results emphasize that vitexin possesses anti-inflammatory and apoptotic activity via the regulation of JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling in CIA in a rat model. Hence, vitexin is a promising auxiliary drug for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Taiguo Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Khan MA, Rabbani G, Kumari M, Khan MJ. Ellagic acid protects type II collagen induced arthritis in rat via diminution of IKB phosphorylation and suppression IKB-NF-kB complex activation: in vivo and in silico study. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1729-1743. [PMID: 35939220 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to explore the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of ellagic acid (EA) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS CIA rats were treated with MTX (0.25 mg/kg body wt.) and EA (50 mg/kg b.wt.) for a period of 20 days. The effects of treatment in the rats were assessed biochemically by analyzing inflammatory mediators (NF-kB, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) and oxidative stress related parameters (MPO, NO, LPO, catalase, SOD, GSH). In addition, we also assessed the expression of some inflammatory mediators TNF-α, CD8 + though immunohistochemistry in the joint tissue. RESULTS In the present study, we found expression and synthesis of transcription factor NF-kB was prominent in CIA rats. In addition, main pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and the anti-inflammatory IL-10, was also stand out. Further, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species was also elevated in CIA rats. Treatment with EA ameliorates all the above mentioned inflammatory and oxidative stress related parameters to near normal. Further, we also confirmed the expression of TNF-α, CD8+ T cells through immunohistochemistry was mitigates in joint tissue of EA treated rats. We find EA significantly inhibited the developmental phase of arthritis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that EA act as potent anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory agent that could be used as a tool for the development of new drug for the treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Gulam Rabbani
- Nano Diagnostics and Devices (NDD), IT Medical Fusion Center, 350-27 Gumidae-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongbuk, 39253, Republic of Korea
| | - Monika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
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11
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Banji D, Banji OJF, Rashida S, Alshahrani S, Alqahtani SS. Bioavailability, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effect of Acetyl Keto Boswellic acid and its combination with methotrexate in an arthritic animal model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115200. [PMID: 35306043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common disabling chronic progressive autoimmune diseases affecting the adult world population. Boswellia serrata has been a known anti-inflammatory agent since ancient times. Therefore, research on Boswellia extract based on Acetyl Keto Boswellic Acid (AKBA) content evaluating its efficacy and safety is necessary. The study aimed to find a suitable Boswellia extract rich in AKBA to evaluate its bioavailability, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic effect. In addition, the synergistic action of AKBA extract with methotrexate (MTX) was also assessed on an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral bioavailability of AKBA and the anti-inflammatory activity of 10% AKBA (5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg b.w) was assessed and compared with 2% AKBA (40 mg/kg) and diclofenac (10 mg/kg). The effect of 10% AKBA at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg was evaluated in the FCA induced arthritis animal model alone and combined with methotrexate (MTX) at 2 mg/kg b.w. Subplantar injection of FCA produced edema within a few hours with progressive arthritis by the 9th day after injection. All the treatments were initiated from the 10th day until the 45th day. Oral administration of 10% AKBA was done daily and MTX by intraperitoneal route once a week from day 10 to day 45. Paw volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, oxidative markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA), total proteins and liver histopathology were examined. RESULTS 10% AKBA provided 8.48-fold, 24.22-fold, 47.36-fold, and 110.53-fold higher AUC (0-α) of AKBA at 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively compared to 2% AKBA at 40 mg/kg. Percentage paw edema inhibition of 10% AKBA at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg were significantly higher than 2% regular AKBA (40 mg/kg) and diclofenac (10 mg/kg). 10% AKBA at a dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg significantly reduced ESR compared with FCA treated group. A combination of methotrexate with 10% AKBA showed the highest reduction in ESR. 10% AKBA at both dose levels significantly reduced hepatic marker enzymes and total bilirubin levels. Treatment with 10% AKBA showed a significant increase in total proteins, antioxidant enzymes and a decrease in malondialdehyde levels. Similarly, 10% AKBA protected the hepatocytes compared with the FCA and FCA + MTX treated group. 10% AKBA was capable of significantly minimizing FCA and FCA + MTX induced changes. CONCLUSION Anti-inflammatory activity of AKBA due to inhibition of lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes supports the use of AKBA in inflammatory disorders. Combination therapy of 10% AKBA with MTX is effective in inhibiting arthritis and circumventing hepatotoxicity produced by MTX in arthritic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Banji
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Otilia J F Banji
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaik Rashida
- Department of Pharmacology, Nalanda College of Pharmacy, Nalgonda, India.
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saad S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Kantor ED, O'Connell K, Liang PS, Navarro SL, Giovannucci EL, Du M. Glucosamine Use and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Results from UK Biobank. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:647-653. [PMID: 35027430 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of the dietary supplement glucosamine has been associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, it remains unclear if the association varies by screening status, time, and other factors. METHODS We therefore evaluated these questions in UK Biobank. Multivariable-adjusted Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS No association was observed between use of glucosamine and risk of CRC overall (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.85-1.04). However, the association varied by screening status (p-interaction:0.05), with an inverse association observed only among never-screened individuals (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76-0.98). When stratified by study time, an inverse association was observed in early follow-up among those entering the cohort in early years (2006-2008, HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67-0.95). No heterogeneity was observed by age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, or use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. CONCLUSIONS While there was no association between glucosamine use and CRC overall, the inverse association among never-screened individuals mirrors our observations in prior exploratory analyses of US cohorts. The National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Program started in 2006 in England and was more widely implemented across the UK by 2009. In line with this, we observed an inverse association limited to early follow-up in those surveyed 2006-2008, before screening was widely implemented. IMPACT These data suggest that unscreened individuals may benefit from use of glucosamine; however, further studies are needed to confirm the interplay of screening and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Kantor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Kelli O'Connell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Peter S Liang
- Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NYU Langone Health
| | - Sandi L Navarro
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | | | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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13
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Moriya M. Enhanced radical scavenging activity by interactions between hyaluronan and antioxidants -A study of hyaluronan-containing drinks-. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-21-00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mie Moriya
- Development division, Melsmon pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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14
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Wang Y, Pei YA, Sun Y, Zhou S, Zhang XB, Pei M. Stem cells immortalized by hTERT perform differently from those immortalized by SV40LT in proliferation, differentiation, and reconstruction of matrix microenvironment. Acta Biomater 2021; 136:184-198. [PMID: 34551328 PMCID: PMC8627502 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although matrix microenvironment has the potential to improve expanded stem cell proliferation and differentiation capacity, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) deposited by senescent cells does not contribute to the rejuvenation of adult stem cells, which has become a barrier to personalized stem cell therapy. Genetic modification is an effective strategy to protect cells from senescence but it carries the increased risk of malignant transformation and genetic instability. In this study, lentivirus carrying either human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) or simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40LT) was used to transduce human infrapatellar fat pad-derived stem cells (IPFSCs). We found that virus transduction modified the proliferative, chondrogenic, and adipogenic abilities of IPFSCs. Interestingly, dECM deposited by immortalized cells significantly influenced replicative senescent IPFSCs in proliferation and differentiation preference, the effect of which is hinged on the approach of immortalization using either SV40LT or hTERT. Our findings indicate both dECM expansion and immortalization strategies can be used for replicative senescent adult stem cells' proliferation and lineage-specific differentiation, which benefits future stem cell-based tissue regeneration. This approach may also work for adult stem cells with premature senescence in elderly/aged patients, which needs further investigation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Adult stem cells are a promising solution for autologous cell-based therapy. Unfortunately, cell senescence due to donor age and/or ex vivo expansion prevents clinical application. Recent progress with decellularized extracellular matrix provides a potential for the rejuvenation of senescent stem cells by improving their proliferation and differentiation capacities. Given the fact that the young matrix can provide a healthy and energetic microenvironment, in this study, two approaches using lentivirus transduction of hTERT and SV40LT were compared. The goal was to immortalize donor cells for deposition of decellularized extracellular matrix. The matrix was demonstrated to contribute diverging effects on the chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation of expanded stem cells and exhibited proliferation benefits as well. These findings provide an invaluable asset for stem cell-based tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Amy Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Sun
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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15
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Mishra S, Ganguli M. Functions of, and replenishment strategies for, chondroitin sulfate in the human body. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1185-1199. [PMID: 33549530 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) belongs to a class of molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These are long, linear chains of polysaccharides comprising alternating amino sugars and hexuronic acid. Similar to other GAGs, CS is important in a multitude of biological activities. Alteration of CS levels has been implicated in several pathological conditions, including osteoarthritis (OA) and other inflammatory diseases, as well as physiological conditions, such as aging. Therefore, devising replenishment strategies for this molecule is an important area of research. In this review, we discuss the nature of CS, its function in different organs, and its implications in health and disease. We also describe different methods for the exogenous administration of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Mishra
- CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Munia Ganguli
- CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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16
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Molecular and Cellular Effects of Chemical Chaperone-TUDCA on ER-Stressed NHAC-kn Human Articular Chondrocytes Cultured in Normoxic and Hypoxic Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040878. [PMID: 33562298 PMCID: PMC7915106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered one of the most common arthritic diseases characterized by progressive degradation and abnormal remodeling of articular cartilage. Potential therapeutics for OA aim at restoring proper chondrocyte functioning and inhibiting apoptosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) showed anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity in many models of various diseases, acting mainly via alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, little is known about cytoprotective effects of TUDCA on chondrocyte cells. The present study was designed to evaluate potential effects of TUDCA on interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tunicamycin (TNC)-stimulated NHAC-kn chondrocytes cultured in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Our results showed that TUDCA alleviated ER stress in TNC-treated chondrocytes, as demonstrated by reduced CHOP expression; however, it was not effective enough to prevent apoptosis of NHAC-kn cells in either normoxia nor hypoxia. However, co-treatment with TUDCA alleviated inflammatory response induced by IL-1β, as shown by down regulation of Il-1β, Il-6, Il-8 and Cox2, and increased the expression of antioxidant enzyme Sod2. Additionally, TUDCA enhanced Col IIα expression in IL-1β- and TNC-stimulated cells, but only in normoxic conditions. Altogether, these results suggest that although TUDCA may display chondoprotective potential in ER-stressed cells, further analyses are still necessary to fully confirm its possible recommendation as potential candidate in OA therapy.
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17
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Oliveira IM, Gonçalves C, Oliveira EP, Simón-Vázquez R, da Silva Morais A, González-Fernández Á, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. PAMAM dendrimers functionalised with an anti-TNF α antibody and chondroitin sulphate for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Kantor ED, O'Connell K, Du M, Cao C, Zhang X, Lee DH, Cao Y, Giovannucci EL. Glucosamine and Chondroitin Use in Relation to C-Reactive Protein Concentration: Results by Supplement Form, Formulation, and Dose. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:150-159. [PMID: 33290138 PMCID: PMC7891193 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Glucosamine and chondroitin supplements have been associated with reduced inflammation, as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP). It is unclear if associations vary by formulation (glucosamine alone vs. glucosamine+chondroitin), form (glucosamine hydrochloride vs. glucosamine sulfate), or dose. Design, Subjects, Setting, Location: The authors evaluated these questions using cross-sectional data collected between 1999 and 2010 on 21,917 US adults, surveyed as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Exposures: Glucosamine and chondroitin use was assessed during an in-home interview; exposures include supplement formulation, form, and dose. Outcome/Analysis: CRP was measured using blood collected at interview. Survey-weighted linear regression was used to evaluate the multivariable-adjusted association between exposures and log-transformed CRP. Results: In early years (1999-2004), use of glucosamine (ratio = 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79-0.96) and chondroitin (ratio = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.72-0.95) was associated with reduced CRP. However, associations significantly varied by calendar time (p-interaction = 0.04 and p-interaction = 0.01, respectively), with associations nonsignificant in later years (ratio = 1.09; 95% CI = 0.94-1.28 and ratio = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.99-1.35, respectively). Consequently, all analyses have been stratified by calendar time. Associations did not significantly differ by formulation in either set of years; however, significant associations were observed for combined use of glucosamine+chondroitin (ratioearly = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.72-0.95; ratiolate = 1.16; 1.00-1.35), but not glucosamine alone. Associations also did not significantly differ by supplement form. Even so, a significant inverse association was observed only for glucosamine sulfate in the early years (ratio = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.64-0.95); no significant association was observed for glucosamine hydrochloride. No significant trends were observed by dose. Conclusions: Although a significant inverse association was observed for glucosamine and chondroitin and CRP in early years, this association did not hold in later years. This pattern held for combined use of glucosamine+chondroitin as well as glucosamine sulfate, although associations did not significantly vary by supplement form, formulation, or dose. Further study is needed to better understand these associations in the context of calendar time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D. Kantor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelli O'Connell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chao Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Lee DH, Cao C, Zong X, Zhang X, O'Connell K, Song M, Wu K, Du M, Cao Y, Giovannucci EL, Kantor ED. Glucosamine and Chondroitin Supplements and Risk of Colorectal Adenoma and Serrated Polyp. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2693-2701. [PMID: 33055203 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown an inverse association between use of glucosamine and chondroitin supplements and colorectal cancer risk. However, the association with the precursor lesion, colorectal adenoma and serrated polyp, has not been examined. METHODS Analyses include 43,163 persons from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), and NHS2 who reported on glucosamine/chondroitin use in 2002 and who subsequently underwent ≥1 lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. By 2012, 5,715 conventional (2,016 high-risk) adenomas were detected, as were 4,954 serrated polyps. Multivariable logistic regression for clustered data was used to calculate OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Glucosamine/chondroitin use was inversely associated with high risk and any conventional adenoma in NHS and HPFS: in the pooled multivariable-adjusted model, glucosamine + chondroitin use at baseline was associated with a 26% (OR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60-0.90; P heterogeneity = 0.23) and a 10% (OR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81-0.99; P heterogeneity = 0.36) lower risk of high-risk adenoma and overall conventional adenoma, respectively. However, no association was observed in NHS2, a study of younger women (high-risk adenoma: OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.82-1.45; overall conventional adenoma: OR = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.86-1.17), and effect estimates pooled across all three studies were not significant (high-risk: OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.63-1.10; P heterogeneity = 0.03; overall conventional adenoma: OR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.85-1.02; P heterogeneity = 0.31). No associations were observed for serrated polyps. CONCLUSIONS Glucosamine/chondroitin use was associated with lower risks of high-risk and overall conventional adenoma in older adults; however, this association did not hold in younger women, or for serrated polyps. IMPACT Our study suggests that glucosamine and chondroitin may act on early colorectal carcinogenesis in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Chao Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiaoyu Zong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelli O'Connell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth D Kantor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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20
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Stigmasterol protects rats from collagen induced arthritis by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Kim DH, Kim DH, Heck BE, Shaffer M, Yoo KH, Hur J. PPAR-δ agonist affects adipo-chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells through the expression of PPAR-γ. Regen Ther 2020; 15:103-111. [PMID: 33426208 PMCID: PMC7770446 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily play an important role in chondrogenesis. Previous study has reported that mixture of GW0742 (PPAR-δ agonist), hyaluronic acid (HA) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhance chondrogenesis. The purpose of this study is to compare with efficacies of commercially available HA and demonstrate correlation of PPAR-γ and PPAR-δ. Methods In this experimental study, MSCs were cultured with chondrogenic media and clinical HA gels (Euflexxa®, Synvisc®, Orthovisc® and Supartz®) using micormass culture method. Expression of type Ⅰ, Ⅱ collagen and matrix metalloprotease-13 (MMP-13) was measured by immunoblotting. MSCs were cultured with chondrogenic media and/or HA and/or GW0742 and/or rosiglitazone (PPAR-γ agonist) and/or human osteoarthritis synovial fluid. Immunoblotting was used to measure expression of type Ⅱ collagen and PPAR-γ. To identify the effective dose for chondrogenesis and adipogenesis, either 0.1, 1, 5 or 10 μM of rosiglitazone was added to MSCs in chondrogenic media or adipogenic media. Results Clinical HA gels inhibited expression of type Ⅰ collagen and enhanced the expression of MMP-13. Type Ⅱ collagen expression was significantly elevated in all treatment groups except Supartz®. GW0742 decreased the expression of PPAR-γ with/without inflammation condition. Rosiglitazone enhanced adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner and enhanced the expression of type Ⅱ collagen under inflammation condition. Otherwise, the expression of type Ⅱ collagen and formation of chondrocyte spheroids showed a dose-dependent manner with a peak at 1 μM of rosiglitazone. Conclusions PPAR-γ has a considerable anti-inflammatory effect and a strong pro-adipogenic effect, which inhibits the chondrogenic effect. PPAR-γ is related with PPAR-δ and shows a chondrogenic effect at lower concentrations. And clinical HA gels shows various efficacy of chondrogenesis. This study suggested that PPAR-γ and PPAR-δ are key regulatory factors of chondrogenesis.
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Key Words
- Adipogenesis
- Chondrogenesis
- DJD, degenerative joint disease
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GAG, glycosaminoglycans
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- MMP, matrix metalloprotease
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cells
- Mesenchymal stem cells
- OA, osteoarthritis
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor
- PPAR-γ
- PPAR-δ
- TGF, Transforming growth factor
- Type Ⅱ collagen
- α-MEM, α-minimum essential medium
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology /Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, KS, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruce E Heck
- NWO Stem Cure, LLC, 7595 CR 236, Findlay, OH, 45840, USA
| | | | - Keon Hee Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology /Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, KS, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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22
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Alghadir A, Miraj M, Ali S. Efficacy of Curcumin with Iontophoretic Application on Paw Edema and Hematological Responses in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rat Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:4606520. [PMID: 32351596 PMCID: PMC7171674 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4606520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to previous studies, oral administration of curcumin elucidates anti-inflammatory effect irrespective of its poor bioavailability. This study aims to measure the efficacy of lyophilized curcumin extracts with iontophoresis in arthritic rat models. METHODS Lyophilization and characterization of curcumin using the standard HPTLC method was carried out followed by induction of inflammatory arthritis in male albino rats. The animals were then treated with curcumin in three different forms, i.e., oral curcumin (OCU), oral curcumin with topical application (OCU + TOCU), and oral curcumin along with iontophoretically applied curcumin (OCU + IOCU). Various objective variables including body weight, paw edema, arthritic scores, and hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as histopathological examinations were conducted. RESULTS All the curcumin-treated groups showed significant alleviation of arthritic condition (p ∗ < 0.05) when compared with arthritic controls. Group V (OCU + IOCU) demonstrated maximum therapeutic effect by restoring the body weight, decreasing the paw edema, and normalizing the Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and leukocyte count, when compared with other experimental rat groups (p ∗∗ < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Iontophoretic administration of curcumin may ameliorate arthritic symptoms significantly, and the effect is assumed to be due to better penetration and enhanced bioavailability. Geriatrics patients are supposed to be benefited fairly by this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Miraj
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharique Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Saifia Science College, Bhopal, India
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Gundogdu G, Demirkaya Miloglu F, Gundogdu K, Tasci SY, Albayrak M, Demirci T, Cetin M. Investigation of the efficacy of daidzein in experimental knee osteoarthritis-induced with monosodium iodoacetate in rats. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:2399-2408. [PMID: 32103372 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-04958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative chronic illness that most frequently occurs in the knee joint. Daidzein (DZ) an isoflavone has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of DZ as a treatment for experimental knee OA (KOA) in rats. METHOD An experimental KOA model was induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in rats. Thereafter, 49 Wistar albino male rats (250-300 g, 12-16 weeks old) were randomly divided into 7 groups: C (healthy control); DC (KOA + saline); hyaluronic acid (HA); HA+ intraarticular (ia) DZ; oral (po) DZ; ia DZ; HA + po DZ groups. DZ and/or HA were administered intraarticularly to the rats as 50 μL on days 1, 7, 14, and 21. Alternatively, the DZ was administered orally as 0.5 mL twice daily for 21 days. After the treatment, rats were sacrificed by decapitation under general anesthesia. Serum samples were analyzed to determine the total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-13, and DZ. Knee joint samples underwent histopathological examination, and TNF-α, IL-1β, NOS2, and MMP-13 were analyzed with immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS HA, DZ, and DZ + HA effectively reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MMP-13 in the serum of the DC group (p < 0.001). In groups that received HA, DZ, or DZ + HA, the serum TAS increased compared with the DC group (p < 0.05). When the DZ + HA combination was used, a more pronounced reduction in the levels of TNFα, NOS2, IL-1β, and MMP-13 was observed in knee joints. In addition, the cracks on the cartilage surface and fibrillation were completely improved in the groups that received HA, DZ, or DZ + HA compared with the DC group. CONCLUSION DZ had anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in a rat OA model. Therefore, DZ, as monotherapy or especially in combination with HA, may be a promising and beneficial therapy for OA. Key Points •DZ has been shown to reduce TNF-α, IL-1β, and MMP-13 both in serum and in tissue samples taken from the knee-joints. •The cracks on the cartilage surface and fibrillation in KOA were completely improved by using DZ and DZ + HA combination. •DZ may be useful to eliminate/reduce/ameliorate inflammation and oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of KOA. •DZ, alone or in combination with HA, may be a promising natural compound with beneficial effects in the treatment of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Gundogdu
- Department of Physiology, Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Demirkaya Miloglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ataturk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Koksal Gundogdu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Mevlut Albayrak
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Ataturk University, Health Services Vocational College, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tuba Demirci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Meltem Cetin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ataturk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzurum, Turkey
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Palhares LC, Brito AS, de Lima MA, Nader HB, London JA, Barsukov IL, Andrade GP, Yates EA, Chavante SF. A further unique chondroitin sulfate from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with antithrombin activity that modulates acute inflammation. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 222:115031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gupta RC, Lall R, Srivastava A, Sinha A. Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajectory. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:192. [PMID: 31294035 PMCID: PMC6603175 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (also known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate) is naturally found in many tissues and fluids, but more abundantly in articular cartilage and synovial fluid (SF). Hyaluronic acid (HA) content varies widely in different joints and species. HA is a non-sulfated, naturally occurring non-protein glycosaminoglycan (GAG), with distinct physico-chemical properties, produced by synoviocytes, fibroblasts, and chondrocytes. HA has an important role in the biomechanics of normal SF, where it is partially responsible for lubrication and viscoelasticity of the SF. The concentration of HA and its molecular weight (MW) decline as osteoarthritis (OA) progresses with aging. For that reason, HA has been used for more than four decades in the treatment of OA in dogs, horses and humans. HA produces anti-arthritic effects via multiple mechanisms involving receptors, enzymes and other metabolic pathways. HA is also used in the treatment of ophthalmic, dermal, burns, wound repair, and other health conditions. The MW of HA appears to play a critical role in the formulation of the products used in the treatment of diseases. This review provides a mechanism-based rationale for the use of HA in some disease conditions with special reference to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C Gupta
- Toxicology Department, Breathitt Veterinary Center, Murray State University, Hopkinsville, KY, United States
| | - Rajiv Lall
- Vets Plus, Inc., Menomonie, WI, United States
| | | | - Anita Sinha
- Vets Plus, Inc., Menomonie, WI, United States
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Ansari MM, Ahmad A, Mishra RK, Raza SS, Khan R. Zinc Gluconate-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Reduce Severity of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Wistar Rats. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3380-3397. [PMID: 33405580 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most prevalent autoimmune disease affecting about 1% world population. Zinc (Zn) is necessary for the maintenance of bone homeostasis and the level of Zn was reported to be decreased in RA patients and collagen-induced arthritic rats. Effective delivery of Zn has been reported using zinc gluconate but oral absorption of Zn from zinc gluconate (ZG) is very low in humans. Zn supplementation reduces disease severity in patients suffering from chronic, refractory RA and exerts mild and transient side effects. The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize zinc gluconate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (ZG-Chit NPs) and to evaluate and compare therapeutic efficacy of ZG-Chit NPs and zinc gluconate against collagen-induced RA in Wistar rats. The nanoparticles were formulated by ionic gelation method and the hydrodynamic diameter was 106.5 ± 79.55 nm as measured using DLS. The particle size, shape, and surface morphology was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. These nanoparticles showed good cytocompatibility against foreskin fibroblasts (BJ) and L929 cells. Arthritic rats were treated with ZG (20 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) and equivalent doses of ZG-Chit NPs. The treatment of both ZG and ZG-Chit NPs reduced the severity of arthritis as evidenced by reduced joint swelling, erythema, and edema but ZG-Chit NPs exhibited superior efficacy. Furthermore, it was found that ZG and ZG-Chit NPs attenuate biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and oxidative stress (articular elastase, lipid peroxidation, catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase). The results of the histopathology further confirmed that ZG-Chit NPs markedly suppressed infiltration of inflammatory cells as compared to ZG at the ankle joint tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed that treatment with ZG-Chit NPs resulted in reduced pro-inflammatory marker (TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS) expression and enhanced SOD1 expression. Overall, this study suggests that ZG and ZG-Chit NPs suppressed the severity of arthritis plausibly mediated by attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress and more importantly ZG-Chit NPs exhibited superior efficacy as compared to ZG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Meraj Ansari
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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Shahine EM, Elhadidi AS. Efficacy of glucosamine sulfate in lowering serum level of interleukin-1β in symptomatic primary knee osteoarthritis: Clinical and laboratory study. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enas M. Shahine
- Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department , Faculty of Medicine , Alexandria University , Egypt
| | - Abeer S. Elhadidi
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Alexandria University , Egypt
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Korkmaz M, Turkmen R, Demirel HH, Saritas ZK. Effect of Boron on the Repair of Osteochondral Defect and Oxidative Stress in Rats: an Experimental Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:425-433. [PMID: 29869015 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of boron on the repair of osteochondral defect and also on some antioxidant and oxidant parameters of both cartilage tissue and blood. A total of 24 adult male Wistar rats weighing between 350 and 400 g were used in the study. Animals were randomly divided into control (n = 8), boron (n = 8) and hyaluronic acid (HA) groups (n = 8). Under general anesthesia, a cylindrical full-thickness osteochondral defect 1.5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth was formed using a drill on the anterior side of the articular surface of the femur condyle. Boron group received 0.1 ml (10 mg/kg) of boron and HA group received 0.1 ml of HA, whereas control group received 0.1 ml of physiological saline solution. All agents administered intraarticular route and once a week for four times. At the end of the third month, the animals were euthanized and blood and joint tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase levels were measured. Defected femoral condyles of the rats were removed for a histopathological examination. Histopathology revealed that the total cartilage repair score of the HA group was better than those detected in boron and control groups. Blood and articular cartilage GSH, SOD, and catalase levels were higher in the boron and HA groups as compared to the control group, while MDA level was lower compared to the control group. In conclusion, it was suggested that boron was not as effective as HA in the repair of osteochondral defect, but its antioxidant property was superior to HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Korkmaz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Ruhi Turkmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | | | - Zülfükar Kadir Saritas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Khan MA, Ahmed RS, Chandra N, Arora VK, Ali A. In vivo, Extract from Withania somnifera Root Ameliorates Arthritis via Regulation of Key Immune Mediators of Inflammation in Experimental Model of Arthritis. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2019; 18:55-70. [PMID: 30444203 PMCID: PMC6446523 DOI: 10.2174/1871523017666181116092934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a devastating disease characterized by continual addition of leukocytes and T cells within the articular cavity causing inflammation and cartilage destruction. Withania somnifera is one of the most precious medicinal herbs, reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera roots (WSAq) in Collagen Induced Arthritic (CIA) rats. METHODS To achieve this, we assessed the level of inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in CIA rats. Further, transcription factor, oxidative stress parameters and CD+8 expressions were also analyzed in CIA rats. RESULTS Arthritic rats showed a greater increase in the levels of pro inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, transcription factor NF-κB and a decrease in IL-10 concentration than controls rats. Oral administration of WSAq at a dose of 300mg/kg.wt. (WSAq300) appreciably attenuated the production of these pro inflammatory cytokines. This anti-inflammatory activity of WSAq300 might be partly mediated through an increase in the secretion of IL-10 and inhibition of NF-κB activity. Further, arthritic rats also show increased oxidative stress as compared to control rats. This increased oxidative stress in the arthritic rats appears to be the outcome of both an activated pro-oxidant and a poor antioxidant defense system. Treatment with WSAq300 strongly ameliorates all these ROS parameters significantly to near normal. Additional, metalloproteinase MMP-8 levels were also measured and found to be increased in CIA rats, which after treatment with WSAq300 came down to near normal. CONCLUSION From the above results, it can be concluded that the use of WSAq300 may be a valuable supplement which can improve human arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India; E-mail:
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Heck BE, Park JJ, Makani V, Kim EC, Kim DH. PPAR-δ Agonist With Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Type II Collagen-Producing Chondrocytes in Human Arthritic Synovial Fluid. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1405-1417. [PMID: 28901183 PMCID: PMC5680970 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717720278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage within synovial joints. An estimated 27 million Americans suffer from OA, and the population is expected to reach 67 million in the United States by 2030. Thus, it is urgent to find an effective treatment for OA. Traditional OA treatments have no disease-modifying effect, while regenerative OA therapies such as autologous chondrocyte implantation show some promise. Nonetheless, current regenerative therapies do not overcome synovial inflammation that suppresses the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to chondrocytes and the expression of type II collagen, the major constituent of functional cartilage. We discovered a synergistic combination that overcame synovial inflammation to form type II collagen-producing chondrocytes. The combination consists of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) δ agonist, human bone marrow (hBM)-derived MSCs, and hyaluronic acid (HA) gel. Interestingly, those individual components showed their own strong enhancing effects on chondrogenesis. GW0742, a PPAR-δ agonist, greatly enhanced MSC chondrogenesis and the expression of type II collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in hBM-MSC-derived chondrocytes. GW0742 also increased the expression of transforming growth factor β that enhances chondrogenesis and suppresses cartilage fibrillation, ossification, and inflammation. HA gel also increased MSC chondrogenesis and GAG production. However, neither GW0742 nor HA gel could enhance the formation of type II collagen-producing chondrocytes from hBM-MSCs within human OA synovial fluid. Our data demonstrated that the combination of hBM-MSCs, PPAR-δ agonist, and HA gel significantly enhanced the formation of type II collagen-producing chondrocytes within OA synovial fluid from 3 different donors. In other words, the novel combination of PPAR-δ agonist, hBM-MSCs, and HA gel can overcome synovial inflammation to form type II collagen cartilage within human OA synovial fluid. This novel articularly injectable formula could improve OA treatment in the future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Heck
- 1 NWO Stem Cure, LLC, Findlay, OH, USA.,2 Northwest Ohio Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Findlay, OH, USA
| | - Joshua J Park
- 3 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Vishruti Makani
- 3 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- 1 NWO Stem Cure, LLC, Findlay, OH, USA.,2 Northwest Ohio Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Findlay, OH, USA.,5 Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Khan MA, Khan MJ. Nano-gold displayed anti-inflammatory property via NF-kB pathways by suppressing COX-2 activity. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:1149-1158. [PMID: 29553845 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1446968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease, affecting almost 1% of world population. Although the exact cause of RA is not known but the complex interaction between inflammatory mediators like tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nitric oxide (NO) is accountable for cartilage destruction in joints. Gold is used for arthritis treatment since long without knowing its mechanism of action. Hence, the present study was designed to assess antiarthritic activity of nanogold (AuNGs) in collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) rat model by virtue of decreasing inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. After induction CIA rats were treated with AuNGs in phosphate buffer at a dose of 20 μg/kg body weight for 20 days and found a significant decrease in the level of inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and transcription factor NF-kB (Nuclear factor-kB), which was found to be elevated in CIA rats. Additionally imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant status were determined and perceived that AuNGs remarkably attenuates the imbalance in level of antioxidant and oxidant near to normal. In consistent to biochemical results, mRNA expression of NF-kB, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS were also up-regulated in CIA rats, which were considerably down regulated by AuNGs treatment. These findings were positively correlated with the histological results of joints, displayed reduced inflammation and bone erosion in treated group. This study demonstrates the ability of AuNGs to ameliorate production of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in CIA rats. Induction of arthritis in rats showed increased inflammation, which activate the transcription factor NF-kB through activation of of IkB kinases (IKK) and ubiquination/proteosome degradation of IKB and transportation of activated NF-kB from cytoplasm to nucleus. In nucleus activated NF-kB bind to the promoter region of target gene and up regulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, COX-2 and other inflammatory mediators that leads to cartilage destruction. AuNGs inhibit the activation of NF-kB and other inflammatory mediators and attenuate inflammation and cartilage destruction. COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; IKK: IkB kinases; IKB: I Kappa B; IL-1β: interleukin-6; IL-6: interleukin-6; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; NF-kB: nuclear transcription factor kappa B; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- a Department of Biochemistry , University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital , Delhi , India
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- b School of Biotechnology , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
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Sun Y, Zhao DL, Liu ZX, Sun XH, Li Y. Beneficial effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone exerted by modulating antioxidants and inflammatory cytokine levels in collagen-induced arthritis: A model for rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6162-6169. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Sahu D, Sharma S, Singla RK, Panda AK. Antioxidant activity and protective effect of suramin against oxidative stress in collagen induced arthritis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 101:125-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Martínez-González CL, Martínez L, Martínez-Ortiz EJ, González-Trujano ME, Déciga-Campos M, Ventura-Martínez R, Díaz-Reval I. Moringa oleifera, a species with potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:482-488. [PMID: 28073097 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera has long been used in large demand in folk medicine to treat pain. The present study was undertaken to examine the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory spectrum of M. oleifera leaf extracts discriminating the constituents' nature by using different kind of experimental models in rats. Pharmacological evaluation of a non-polar and/or polar extracts at several doses (30-300mg/kg, p.o.) was explored through experimental nociception using formalin test, carrageenan-induced paw edema and arthritis with subcutaneous injection of collagen in rats. Basic morphology characterization was done by scanning electronic microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Not only polar (from 30 or 100mg/kg, p.o.) but also non-polar extract produced significant inhibition of the nociceptive behavior with major efficacy in the inflammatory response in different assessed experimental models. This antinociceptive activity involved constituents of different nature and depended on the intensity of the induced painful stimulus. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of kaempferol-3-glucoside in the polar extract and fatty acids like chlorogenic acid, among others, in the non-polar extract. Data obtained with M. oleifera leaf extracts give evidence of its potential for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lizbeth Martínez-González
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., 07738, Mexico
| | - Laura Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo, Huipulco 14370, México, D.F., México
| | - Efraín J Martínez-Ortiz
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., 07738, Mexico
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo, Huipulco 14370, México, D.F., México.
| | - Myrna Déciga-Campos
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F. 11340, Mexico
| | - Rosa Ventura-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Depto. de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM. Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Irene Díaz-Reval
- Laboratorio de "Farmacología del Dolor" del Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, 28045 Colima, Col, Mexico
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Mouthuy PA, Snelling SJ, Dakin SG, Milković L, Gašparović AČ, Carr AJ, Žarković N. Biocompatibility of implantable materials: An oxidative stress viewpoint. Biomaterials 2016; 109:55-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Effect of pathological conditions on peritoneal macrophage glycosaminoglycans: Impact on cytoadherence. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:1183-1190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Xiong SL, Jin ZY, Li AL. Bioactive Composition of Pig Laryngeal Cartilage Extracts and Their Free Radical-scavenging Activity. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013206070410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work focused on amino acid and mineral element analysis of pig laryngeal cartilage. Papain and DEAE-Sepharose fast flow ion exchange chromatography were used to hydrolyase cartilage and purify hydrolysate. Further study was performed to compare the free radical-scavenging activity of various fractions. Cartilage is abundant in bioactive amino acids such as glycine, glutamic acid and arginine and minerals such as calcium, magnesium and iron. Four polysaccahrides attached peptides and one peptide were isolated from hydrolysate. Weak 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl free radical scavenging activities of all substances were observed. Other fractions showed hydroxyl free radical and superoxide anion free radical scavenging ability in a concentration-dependent manner except fraction A. The hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity of tested samples decreased in the following order: fraction C crude chondroitin sulphate (ChS) peptide fraction B semi-purified ChS purified ChS. Significant differences were observed between purified ChS and other fractions (P 0.01). For superoxide anion free radical the order was: peptide purified ChS semi-purified ChS crude ChS fraction C fraction B. The peptide was significantly higher than purified ChS (P 0.01), which was significantly higher than the other components (P 0.01). According to the results, polysaccharides, ChS, amino acid and peptide present in cartilage had important bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-li Xiong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, 214036, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng-yu Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, 214036, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China,
| | - An-lin Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, 214036, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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Kantor ED, Zhang X, Wu K, Signorello LB, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci EL. Use of glucosamine and chondroitin supplements in relation to risk of colorectal cancer: Results from the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals follow-up study. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1949-57. [PMID: 27357024 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiologic evidence has emerged to suggest that use of glucosamine and chondroitin supplements may be associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We therefore evaluated the association between use of these non-vitamin, non-mineral supplements and risk of CRC in two prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Regular use of glucosamine and chondroitin was first assessed in 2002 and participants were followed until 2010, over which time 672 CRC cases occurred. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) within each cohort, and results were pooled using a random effects meta-analysis. Associations were comparable across cohorts, with a RR of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.63-1.00) observed for any use of glucosamine and a RR of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.59-1.01) observed for any use of chondroitin. Use of glucosamine in the absence of chondroitin was not associated with risk of CRC, whereas use of glucosamine + chondroitin was significantly associated with risk (RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.58-0.999). The association between use of glucosamine + chondroitin and risk of CRC did not change markedly when accounting for change in exposure status over follow-up (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.58-0.96), nor did the association significantly vary by sex, aspirin use, body mass index, or physical activity. The association was comparable for cancers of the colon and rectum. Results support a protective association between use of glucosamine and chondroitin and risk of CRC. Further study is needed to better understand the chemopreventive potential of these supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Kantor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Ananth DA, Rameshkumar A, Jeyadevi R, Aseervatham GSB, Sripriya J, Bose PC, Sivasudha T. Amelioratory effect of flavonoids rich Pergularia daemia extract against CFA induced arthritic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 80:244-252. [PMID: 27133063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pergularia daemia Forsk. (Asclepiadaceae) is a traditionally reported medicinal herb used to treat joint pain and arthritis. However, there are no scientific reports about anti-arthritic activity of P. daemia methanolic extract on rats as animal model. This study identifies bioactive compounds present in the P. daemia methanolic extract and evaluates its anti-arthritic potential in CFA induced arthritic rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Phytoconstituents of P. daemia extract were examined using LC-ESI/MS method. Anti-arthritic activity of P. daemia extract was determined by various biochemical experiments (RF, ESR and CRP), ultrasonography and histological analysis. LC-ESI/MS analysis resulted in the identification of major flavonoids compounds such as formononetin, qurecetin, chrysoeriol, taxifolin and naringenin. Serum biomarker analysis, after the treatment with PDME (500mg/kg b.w.) revealed that the hemoglobin (11.84±0.42g/dL) and RBC (8.38±0.67million/mm(3)) levels were significantly increased whereas WBC (8.91±0.38thousands/mm(3)), RF (17.94±0.45IU/mL), ESR (7.91±0.12mm/h) and CRP (22.56±0.26mg/L) levels were decreased when compared with the CFA induced arthritic control group. Histology results revealed that treatment with PDME has resulted in significant prevention against bony destruction by decreasing soft tissue swelling and narrowing of joint spaces (250 and 500mg/kg b.w.). CONCLUSION Anti-arthritic effect of P. daemia might be due to the presence of these bioactive flavonoids. These findings lend pharmacological support to the reported folkloric use of P. daemia in the treatment and management of painful, arthritic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanesan Arul Ananth
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Angappan Rameshkumar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; TUV-SUD, South Asia Laboratory, Bangalore, 560 058, India
| | - Ramachandran Jeyadevi
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Smilin Bell Aseervatham
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jaganathan Sripriya
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Thilagar Sivasudha
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sharma S, Arif M, Nirala RK, Gupta R, Thakur SC. Cumulative therapeutic effects of phytochemicals in Arnica montana flower extract alleviated collagen-induced arthritis: inhibition of both pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1500-1510. [PMID: 25966322 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant Arnica montana is used in folk medicine to alleviate pain, inflammation and swelling of muscles and joints associated with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of action of A. montana flower methanol extract (AMME) against both inflammation and oxidative stress in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. RESULTS Oral administration of AMME was found to reduce clinical signs and improve the histological and radiological status of the hind limb joints. AMME-treated rats had lower expression levels of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12) and titer of anti-type II collagen antibody compared with untreated CIA rats. Furthermore, by inhibiting these mediators, AMME also contributed towards the reversal of disturbed antioxidant levels and peroxidative damage. CONCLUSION The alleviation of arthritis in rats was very likely due to the combined action of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, the major constituents identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The study also shed some light on mechanisms involved in diminution of inflammatory mediators and free radical-generating toxicants and enhancement of the antioxidant armory, thereby preventing further tissue damage, injury and synovial hyperproliferation in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Sharma
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Arif
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ranjeet Kumar Nirala
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Lab Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sonu Chand Thakur
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
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Kumar V, Al-Abbasi FA, Ahmed D, Verma A, Mujeeb M, Anwar F. Paederia foetida Linn. inhibits adjuvant induced arthritis by suppression of PGE(2) and COX-2 expression via nuclear factor-κB. Food Funct 2016; 6:1652-66. [PMID: 25893742 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current investigation was undertaken to determine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Paederia foetida Linn. (PF) along with its mechanism of action when implemented in tissue protection. HPTLC was used in the identification of the compound quercetin, while in vitro analysis confirmed the significance of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action of PF. We initially demonstrated the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of PF, evaluating it against a variety of phlogistic agents as well as turpentine oil, prostaglandin and arachidonic acid. Groups of rats, fasted overnight, were treated as follows: Group I: normal control (vehicle), Group II: PF (100 mg kg(-1)), Group III: arthritic control (CFA only, 0.05 ml), Group IV, V, VI: CFA (0.05 ml) + PF (25, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1)) and Group VII: CFA (0.05 ml) + indomethacin (10 mg per kg b.w.). PF significantly protected against paw edema, arthritic index and body weight alteration induced by Complete Fruend's Adjuvant (CFA). Other observations, like histological and macroscopic changes, were observed in CFA induced inflammation in knee joints. Subcutaneous administration of CFA was accompanied by proinflammatory cytokine status, as appraised by the amplification of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α); oxidative stress status was estimated by the enhancement of the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the depletion of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH). Pre-treatment with PF significantly (P < 0.001) protected against CFA induced oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines. More prominently, CFA administration augmented tissue and plasma superoxide (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, while the PF pre-treatment significantly (P < 0.001) reversed all CFA induced intracellular interruption. Following CFA induced arthritis, PF was tested for its free radical scavenging activity against the DPPH and ABTS radicals and its inhibitory proficiency against COX-1 and COX-2 in vitro. Considering the above, the current research confirmed momentous protection against CFA induced arthritis, which could be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and pro-oxidant nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India.
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Khan MA, Subramaneyaan M, Arora VK, Banerjee BD, Ahmed RS. Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract on amelioration of oxidative stress and autoantibodies production in collagen-induced arthritic rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 12:117-25. [PMID: 25803089 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2014-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder. Withania somnifera Dunal (Solanaceae) (WS), is a common medicinal plant used in traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of arthritis, and is an ingredient of anti-arthritic polyherbal formulations such as Habb-e-Asgand® and Arthritin™. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant and anti-arthritic activity of aqueous extract of WS root (WSAq) in collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) rats. METHODS CIA rats were treated by using three doses of WSAq (100, 200, 300 mg/kg b. wt., orally) and methotrexate (MTX, 0.25 mg/kg b. wt. i.p.) as a standard reference drug for 20 days. The anti-arthritic effect was assayed by measuring the arthritic index, autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (a-CCP), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-collagen type II antibody (a-CII) and inflammatory marker like C-reactive protein (CRP). The oxidative stress parameters were also measured. RESULTS Treatment with WSAq resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in arthritic index, autoantibodies and CRP (p < 0.05) with maximum effect at dose of 300 mg/kg b. wt. and the results were comparable to that of MTX-treated rats. Similarly, oxidative stress in CIA rats was ameliorated by treatment with different doses of WSAq, as evidenced by a decrease in lipid peroxidation and glutathione-S-transferase activity and an increase in the glutathione content and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results showed that WSAq exhibited antioxidant and anti-arthritic activity and reduced inflammation in CIA rats and suggests the potential use of this plant in the treatment of arthritis.
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Park KY, Kim DY, Shin WS. Roles of chondroitin sulfate in oil-in-water emulsions formulated using bovine serum albumin. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Rachchh RP, Galani VJ. Evaluation of antinociceptive and antirheumatic activity of Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. using experimental models. Ayu 2015; 36:425-431. [PMID: 27833373 PMCID: PMC5041393 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.190695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. (Asteraceae), a popular Indian medicinal plant is traditionally used for rheumatism in the knee joint and pain in the muscles. AIM To investigate antinociceptive and antirheumatic activity of G. maderaspatana (L.) Poir. using experimental models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of G. maderaspatana (L.) Poir. (GMME) (500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated in rats using tail flick test. Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of GMME (1000 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)- induced arthritis models. The degree of arthritis was evaluated by hind paw swelling, body weight changes, arthritic index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), and C-reactive protein (CRP) supported by histopathology of ankle joints. RESULTS GMME treatment showed a significant increase in the latency for tail flick and provided significant protection against carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. 21 days treatment of GMME significantly inhibited paw edema found to be induced by arthritis by CFA in rats. Further, GMME treatment also reversed arthritic index and loss of body weight and reduced CFA-induced rise of ESR, RF, and CRP significantly in rats. Histopathological study of ankle joint revealed that GMME inhibited edema formation and cellular infiltration induced by CFA. CONCLUSIONS GMME possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antirheumatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raxit P. Rachchh
- Department of Pharmacology, A.R. College of Pharmacy and G.H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Varsha J. Galani
- Department of Pharmacology, A.R. College of Pharmacy and G.H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
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Effect of cadmium chloride exposure during the induction of collagen induced arthritis. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 238:55-65. [PMID: 26070417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The precise cause of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis remains uncertain. Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in animals is the most commonly used model of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Exposure of humans and animals to toxic metals is widespread. Cadmium is one of the most prevalent nephrotoxic heavy metal, but it may cause other systemic toxicity as well. Cadmium may cause adverse health effects by impairment of the immune systems and induction of reactive oxygen species. Since rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis involve immune system disorder and chronic inflammation, the present study has been designed to find out the effect of cadmium chloride exposure on clinical manifestation of development of collagen induced rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis was induced in rats by intradermal injection of emulsion of type II collagen in Complete Freund's Adjuvant. Rats were treated with cadmium chloride dissolved in drinking water at concentrations of 5ppm and 50ppm for 21 days from day of immunization. The effects of cadmium in the rats were assessed by biochemical parameters (articular elastase, articular nitrite, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase) histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rat joint tissue. Histopathological changes further confirmed the biochemical and immunohistochemical results. Our results suggest that exposure to cadmium chloride during the induction phase of collagen induced arthritis abrogate disease development at lower dose whereas exacerbates at higher dose in Wistar rats.
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Chondroprotective effects of a new glucosamine combination in rats: Gene expression, biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Life Sci 2015; 130:31-7. [PMID: 25818190 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigates the effect of a new combination of glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate, methylsulfonylmethane, Harpagophytum procumbens root extract (standardized to 3% harpagoside) and bromelain extract (GCMHB) on formalin-induced damage to cartilage tissue in the rat knee joint and evaluates this combination in comparison with another combination of glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate and methylsulfonylmethane (GKM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals in the control group were injected with formalin into the knee joint (FCG). Animals in the GCMHB-500 group were given 500mg/kg GCMHB+formalin, and those in the GKM-500 group were given 500mg/kg GKM+formalin. Finally, a healthy group (HG) was also used. GCMHB and GKM were administered to rats orally once a day for 30days. At the end of this period, the rats were sacrificed and the levels of MDA, NO, 8-OH/Gua, and tGSH in the knee joint tissue were measured. Analysis of IL-1β and TNF-α gene expression was done and the tissue was evaluated histopathologically. KEY FINDINGS MDA, NO and 8-OH/Gua levels and IL-1β and TNF-α gene expression were significantly lower in the GCMHB-500 group compared to the FCG group, whereas tGSH was significantly higher in the GCMHB-500 group than in the FCG group. No significant difference was found for the IL-1β, TNF-α and oxidant/antioxidant parameters between the GKM and FCG groups. The histopathological analysis showed that GCMHB could prevent damage to the cartilage joint, whereas GKM could not. SIGNIFICANCE GCMHB may be used clinically by comparing with GKM in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Liu M, Xie M, Jiang S, Liu G, Li L, Liu D, Yang X. A novel bispecific antibody targeting tumor necrosis factor α and ED-B fibronectin effectively inhibits the progression of established collagen-induce arthritis. J Biotechnol 2014; 186:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Umar S, Umar K, Sarwar AHMG, Khan A, Ahmad N, Ahmad S, Katiyar CK, Husain SA, Khan HA. Boswellia serrata extract attenuates inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in collagen induced arthritis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:847-856. [PMID: 24667331 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease which leads to destruction of joints. Current treatment modalities for RA either produce symptomatic relief (NSAIDs) or modify the disease process (DMARDs). Though effective, their use is also limited by their side effects. As a result, the interest in alternative, well tolerated anti-inflammatory remedies has re-emerged. Our aim was to evaluate the antioxidant and antiarthritic activity of Boswellia serrata gum resin extract (BSE) in collagen induced arthritis. Arthritis was induced in male Wistar rats by collagen induced arthritis (CIA) method. BSE was administered at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg body weight once daily for 21 days. The effects of treatment in the rats were assessed by biochemical (articular elastase, MPO, LPO, GSH, catalase, SOD and NO), inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ and PGE2), and histological studies in joints. BSE was effective in bringing significant changes on all the parameters (articular elastase, MPO, LPO, GSH, catalase, SOD and NO) studied. Oral administration of BSE resulted in significantly reduced levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and PGE2), and increased level of IL-10. The protective effects of BSE against RA were also evident from the decrease in arthritis scoring and bone histology. The abilities to inhibit proinflammatory cytokines and modulation of antioxidant status suggest that the protective effect of Boswellia serrata extract on arthritis in rats might be mediated via the modulation of immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq Umar
- Clinical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India; Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Khalid Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P. 200202, India
| | | | - Altaf Khan
- Research Centre, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niyaz Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | | | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Haider A Khan
- Clinical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
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Kumar V, Anwar F, Verma A, Mujeeb M. Therapeutic effect of umbelliferon-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2(I)→1(II))-α-D-glucopyranoside on adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:3402-11. [PMID: 26028721 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim and objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the antiarthritic and antioxidant effect of umbelliferon-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2I→1II)-α-D-glucopyranoside (UFD) in chemically induced arthritic rats. The different doses of the UFD were tested against the turpentine oil (TO), formaldehyde induced acute arthritis and complete fruend's adjuvant (CFA) induced chronic arthritis in Wistar rats. Arthritic assessment and body weight was measured at regular interval till 28 days. On day 28, all the groups animals were anaesthetized, blood were collected from the puncturing the ratro orbital and estimated the hematological parameters. The animals were sacrificed; synovial tissue was extracted and estimated the malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The different doses of the UFD showed the protective effect against turpentine oil, formaldehyde induced acute arthritis and CFA induced chronic arthritis at dose dependent manner. Acute model of arthritis such as TOand formaldehyde induced inflammation due to releasing of the inflammatory mediators; significantly inhibited by the UFD at dose dependent manner. CFA induced arthritic rats treated with the different doses of the UFD showed the inhibitory effect on the delayed increase in joint diameter as seen in arthritic control group rats. UFD significantly improved the arthritic index, body weight and confirmed the antiarthritic effect. UFD showed the effect on the hematological parameter such as improved the level of the RBC, Hb and decline the level of the EBC, ESR and confirmed the immune suppressive effect. UFD significantly improved the level of the endogenous antioxidant and confirmed the antioxidant effect. This present investigation suggests that the UFD has prominent antiarthritic impact which can be endorsed to its antiarthritic and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh India 211007
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Sidharatha Institute of Pharmacy, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
| | - Amita Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh India 211007
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India 110062
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Kantor ED, Lampe JW, Navarro SL, Song X, Milne GL, White E. Associations between glucosamine and chondroitin supplement use and biomarkers of systemic inflammation. J Altern Complement Med 2014; 20:479-85. [PMID: 24738579 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucosamine and chondroitin supplements have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in both in vitro studies and animal models; however, little is known about these relationships in humans. The VITamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) biomarker study evaluated the associations between use of these supplements and a panel of circulating inflammatory biomarkers. DESIGN Study participants included 217 men and women age 50-75 years living in the Seattle metropolitan area. Use of glucosamine and chondroitin supplements was ascertained by home interview/supplement inventory. Inflammation was assessed by using blood and urine collected at the time of home interview. Measures of systemic inflammation included plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, soluble TNF receptors I and II, and urinary prostaglandin E2-metabolite (PGE-M). Multivariate-adjusted linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between supplement use and biomarkers of inflammation. RESULTS High users (14 or more pills/week) of chondroitin had 36% lower hsCRP (ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.04; p for trend=.03) and 27% lower PGE-M (ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.5-0.98; p for trend=.07) than nonusers. Compared with nonusers, high users of glucosamine had 28% lower hsCRP (ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.47-1.08; p for trend=.09) and 24% lower PGE-M (ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.97; p for trend=0.10). Use of glucosamine and chondroitin supplements was not associated with the other markers of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These results support prior research suggesting that use of glucosamine and chondroitin is associated with reduced hsCRP and PGE2, but further work is needed to more definitively evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of these supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Kantor
- 1 Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Program , Seattle, WA
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