1
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Grimm F, Asuaje A, Jain A, Silva Dos Santos M, Kleinjung J, Nunes PM, Gehrig S, Fets L, Darici S, MacRae JI, Anastasiou D. Metabolic priming by multiple enzyme systems supports glycolysis, HIF1α stabilisation, and human cancer cell survival in early hypoxia. EMBO J 2024; 43:1545-1569. [PMID: 38485816 PMCID: PMC11021510 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to chronic hypoxia occurs through changes in protein expression, which are controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and are necessary for cancer cell survival. However, the mechanisms that enable cancer cells to adapt in early hypoxia, before the HIF1α-mediated transcription programme is fully established, remain poorly understood. Here we show in human breast cancer cells, that within 3 h of hypoxia exposure, glycolytic flux increases in a HIF1α-independent manner but is limited by NAD+ availability. Glycolytic ATP maintenance and cell survival in early hypoxia rely on reserve lactate dehydrogenase A capacity as well as the activity of glutamate-oxoglutarate transaminase 1 (GOT1), an enzyme that fuels malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1)-derived NAD+. In addition, GOT1 maintains low α-ketoglutarate levels, thereby limiting prolyl hydroxylase activity to promote HIF1α stabilisation in early hypoxia and enable robust HIF1α target gene expression in later hypoxia. Our findings reveal that, in normoxia, multiple enzyme systems maintain cells in a primed state ready to support increased glycolysis and HIF1α stabilisation upon oxygen limitation, until other adaptive processes that require more time are fully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Grimm
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Agustín Asuaje
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Aakriti Jain
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Mariana Silva Dos Santos
- Metabolomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Jens Kleinjung
- Computational Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Patrícia M Nunes
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Stefanie Gehrig
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Louise Fets
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Salihanur Darici
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - James I MacRae
- Metabolomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Dimitrios Anastasiou
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK.
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2
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Ruze R, Song J, Yin X, Chen Y, Xu R, Wang C, Zhao Y. Mechanisms of obesity- and diabetes mellitus-related pancreatic carcinogenesis: a comprehensive and systematic review. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:139. [PMID: 36964133 PMCID: PMC10039087 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on obesity- and diabetes mellitus (DM)-related carcinogenesis has expanded exponentially since these two diseases were recognized as important risk factors for cancers. The growing interest in this area is prominently actuated by the increasing obesity and DM prevalence, which is partially responsible for the slight but constant increase in pancreatic cancer (PC) occurrence. PC is a highly lethal malignancy characterized by its insidious symptoms, delayed diagnosis, and devastating prognosis. The intricate process of obesity and DM promoting pancreatic carcinogenesis involves their local impact on the pancreas and concurrent whole-body systemic changes that are suitable for cancer initiation. The main mechanisms involved in this process include the excessive accumulation of various nutrients and metabolites promoting carcinogenesis directly while also aggravating mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolic disorders by affecting multiple pathways. Detrimental alterations in gastrointestinal and sex hormone levels and microbiome dysfunction further compromise immunometabolic regulation and contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) for carcinogenesis, which can be exacerbated by several crucial pathophysiological processes and TME components, such as autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and exosome secretion. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of the immunometabolic mechanisms of obesity- and DM-related pancreatic carcinogenesis and dissects how metabolic disorders impair anticancer immunity and influence pathophysiological processes to favor cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexiati Ruze
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlu Song
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpeng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China.
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3
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The Role of Reprogrammed Glucose Metabolism in Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030345. [PMID: 36984785 PMCID: PMC10051753 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to meet biosynthetic needs and to adapt to various microenvironments. Accelerated glycolysis offers proliferative benefits for malignant cells by generating glycolytic products that move into branched pathways to synthesize proteins, fatty acids, nucleotides, and lipids. Notably, reprogrammed glucose metabolism and its associated events support the hallmark features of cancer such as sustained cell proliferation, hijacked apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Overproduced enzymes involved in the committed steps of glycolysis (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, and pyruvate kinase) are promising pharmacological targets for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the role of reprogrammed glucose metabolism in cancer cells and how it can be manipulated for anti-cancer strategies.
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4
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Kebede T, Melak T, Sina AAI, Fasil A. Assessment of Serum Uric Acid, Urea, and Glucose Levels and Associated Factors among Breast Cancer Patients Attending A Tertiary Hospital in Bahirdar, Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Ethiop J Health Sci 2022; 32:1183-1192. [PMID: 36475251 PMCID: PMC9692154 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i6.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is currently become a major public health problem in both developed and developing regions, it is one of the most common surgical problems in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed serum uric acid, urea, and glucose levels and associated factors among benign, malignant breast cancer patients and apparently healthy women attending at Felege-Hiwot comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods Hospital based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among benign, malignant breast cancer patients and apparently healthy women attending at Felege-Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Out of 178 study participants 66 benign and 23 malignant fine needle aspirate cytology confirmed breast cancer patients and 89 apparently healthy women, included. Multivariable logistic regression models used to measure the strength of associations. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Majority of the study participants, 81(91%) controls, 55(83.3%) benign, and 17(73.9%) malignant cases were premenopausal. Serum glucose 144.47±74.35 and uric acid 6.84±2.54 levels were significantly elevated in malignant cases than control (p-value< 0.05). Patients with malignant status were 4.38 times more likely to have hyperglycemia (AOR=4.38, 95%CI: 1.98-19.97) and 5.53 times more likely have hyperuricemia (AOR=20.43-95% CI: 6.80-61.23), 4 times more likely to have uremia (AOR=4.09, 95% CI: 1.06-15.91) compared to apparently healthy women. Conclusion Serum glucose, and uric acid levels were significantly higher in malignant and benign cases compared with apparently healthy women. Family history of breast cancer, body mass index, systolic hypertension, comorbidity, residence and menopausal status were significantly associated with hyperglycemia, uremia and hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinfash Kebede
- Department of Medical Laboratory science, Chief Clinical Chemist at Debark hospital, Debark, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Melak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alebachew Fasil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia
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5
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Wellberg EA, Corleto KA, Checkley LA, Jindal S, Johnson G, Higgins JA, Obeid S, Anderson SM, Thor AD, Schedin PJ, MacLean PS, Giles ED. Preventing ovariectomy-induced weight gain decreases tumor burden in rodent models of obesity and postmenopausal breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:42. [PMID: 35725493 PMCID: PMC9208221 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and adult weight gain are linked to increased breast cancer risk and poorer clinical outcomes in postmenopausal women, particularly for hormone-dependent tumors. Menopause is a time when significant weight gain occurs in many women, and clinical and preclinical studies have identified menopause (or ovariectomy) as a period of vulnerability for breast cancer development and promotion. METHODS We hypothesized that preventing weight gain after ovariectomy (OVX) may be sufficient to prevent the formation of new tumors and decrease growth of existing mammary tumors. We tested this hypothesis in a rat model of obesity and carcinogen-induced postmenopausal mammary cancer and validated our findings in a murine xenograft model with implanted human tumors. RESULTS In both models, preventing weight gain after OVX significantly decreased obesity-associated tumor development and growth. Importantly, we did not induce weight loss in these animals, but simply prevented weight gain. In both lean and obese rats, preventing weight gain reduced visceral fat accumulation and associated insulin resistance. Similarly, the intervention decreased circulating tumor-promoting growth factors and inflammatory cytokines (i.e., BDNF, TNFα, FGF-2), with greater effects in obese compared to lean rats. In obese rats, preventing weight gain decreased adipocyte size, adipose tissue macrophage infiltration, reduced expression of the tumor-promoting growth factor FGF-1 in mammary adipose, and reduced phosphorylated FGFR indicating reduced FGF signaling in tumors. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings suggest that the underlying mechanisms associated with the anti-tumor effects of weight maintenance are multi-factorial, and that weight maintenance during the peri-/postmenopausal period may be a viable strategy for reducing obesity-associated breast cancer risk and progression in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Wellberg
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Pathology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Karen A. Corleto
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - L. Allyson Checkley
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDivisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Sonali Jindal
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA ,grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Ginger Johnson
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDivisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XAnschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Janine A. Higgins
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pediatrics, Endocrinology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Sarina Obeid
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Steven M. Anderson
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.499234.10000 0004 0433 9255University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Ann D. Thor
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.499234.10000 0004 0433 9255University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Pepper J. Schedin
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA ,grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDivisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XAnschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.499234.10000 0004 0433 9255University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Erin D. Giles
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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6
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Inaishi T, Shibata M, Ichikawa T, Kanda M, Hayashi M, Soeda I, Takeuchi D, Takano Y, Tsunoda N, Kodera Y, Kikumori T. Platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase accelerates malignant features in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:9. [PMID: 34751415 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase (PFKP) is one of the key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. PFKP is highly expressed in several cancers, and it has been reported to be involved in the progression of cancer cells. However, its oncological role in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the function of PFKP in BC cells and its expression level in patients with BC. Firstly, the mRNA and protein expression of PFKP was evaluated in BC and non‑cancerous mammary cell lines. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between PFKP and 84 cancer‑related genes. Then, PFKP knockdown was conducted using small interfering RNA, and cell proliferation, invasiveness and migration were analyzed. Furthermore, the association between PFKP mRNA expression and clinicopathological factors was investigated in 167 patients with BC. PFKP was highly expressed in estrogen receptor‑negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‑negative BC cell lines. PCR array analysis demonstrated that the expression level of PFKP was significantly correlated with that of transforming growth factor‑β1 and MYC proto‑oncogene. PFKP knockdown significantly decreased the proliferation and invasiveness of MCF7, SK‑BR‑3, and MDA‑MB‑231 cells. Furthermore, cell migration was inhibited in SK‑BR‑3 and MDA‑MB‑231 cells. In the clinical specimens, patients with T2/T3/T4, lymph node metastasis, or stage II/III/IV exhibited higher expression of PFKP mRNA than patients with less severe disease. In conclusion, the present findings indicated that PFKP is involved in promoting tumor‑progressive oncological roles in BC cells across different subtypes and is considered a possible novel therapeutic target for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Inaishi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Ikumi Soeda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Dai Takeuchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Yuko Takano
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tsunoda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Toyone Kikumori
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
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Dai Z, Zhang X, Li W, Tang J, Pan T, Ma C, Guan Q. Salidroside Induces Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer Cells via the Downregulation of ENO1/PKM2/GLUT1 Expression. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1724-1731. [PMID: 34471002 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside is reported to have a wide range of pharmacological properties and has been proven to play a key anti-cancer effect. This study investigated the effects of purified salidroside, an ingredient of Rhodiola rosea, on the proliferation of two human gastric cancer cell lines and further investigating its possible molecular mechanisms. We verified that salidroside exerts a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of SGC-7901 and MKN-45 human gastric cancer cells. Moreover, salidroside can induce cell apoptosis, which was accompanied by an increase in nuclear fragmentation. In addition, salidroside inhibited glycolysis, as evidenced by the reduced expression levels of the glycolysis-related enzymes pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2), enolase 1 (ENO1) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), which could play important roles in the metabolism of gastric cancer cells. Further investigation showed that salidroside exerted potent anti-proliferative effects by inhibiting glycolysis in human gastric cancer cells in vitro. In vivo, xenograft tumors treated with salidroside were significantly smaller than those in the control animals. Therefore, salidroside could be a promising therapeutic prospect in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Dai
- The First Clinical Medical Collage of Lanzhou University
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of life science, Lanzhou University
- Scientific Research and Experimental Centre Gansu University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Wuyan Li
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine
| | - Junxia Tang
- The First Clinical Medical Collage of Lanzhou University
| | - Tingting Pan
- The First Clinical Medical Collage of Lanzhou University
| | - Chenru Ma
- The First Clinical Medical Collage of Lanzhou University
| | - Quanlin Guan
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University
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8
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Podvin S, Jones A, Liu Q, Aulston B, Mosier C, Ames J, Winston C, Lietz CB, Jiang Z, O’Donoghue AJ, Ikezu T, Rissman RA, Yuan SH, Hook V. Mutant Presenilin 1 Dysregulates Exosomal Proteome Cargo Produced by Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Neurons. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13033-13056. [PMID: 34056454 PMCID: PMC8158845 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and propagation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-Tau) is a neuropathological hallmark occurring with neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extracellular vesicles, exosomes, have been shown to initiate tau propagation in the brain. Notably, exosomes from human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) neurons expressing the AD familial A246E mutant form of presenilin 1 (mPS1) are capable of inducing tau deposits in the mouse brain after in vivo injection. To gain insights into the exosome proteome cargo that participates in propagating tau pathology, this study conducted proteomic analysis of exosomes produced by human iPSC neurons expressing A246E mPS1. Significantly, mPS1 altered the profile of exosome cargo proteins to result in (1) proteins present only in mPS1 exosomes and not in controls, (2) the absence of proteins in the mPS1 exosomes which were present only in controls, and (3) shared proteins which were upregulated or downregulated in the mPS1 exosomes compared to controls. These results show that mPS1 dysregulates the proteome cargo of exosomes to result in the acquisition of proteins involved in the extracellular matrix and protease functions, deletion of proteins involved in RNA and protein translation systems along with proteasome and related functions, combined with the upregulation and downregulation of shared proteins, including the upregulation of amyloid precursor protein. Notably, mPS1 neuron-derived exosomes displayed altered profiles of protein phosphatases and kinases involved in regulating the status of p-tau. The dysregulation of exosome cargo proteins by mPS1 may be associated with the ability of mPS1 neuron-derived exosomes to propagate tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Podvin
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Alexander Jones
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Qing Liu
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Brent Aulston
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Charles Mosier
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Janneca Ames
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Charisse Winston
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Christopher B. Lietz
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Zhenze Jiang
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department
of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology,
Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston 02118, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
- Veterans
Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,
La Jolla, San Diego 92161, California, United States
| | - Shauna H. Yuan
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
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9
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Xu H, Chen J, He J, Ji J, Cao Z, Chen X, Xu Y, He X, Xu G, Zhou L, Wei X, Hou J, Wang Z, Yang B, Wang F. Serum Metabolic Profiling Identifies a Biomarker Panel for Improvement of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:666320. [PMID: 34026644 PMCID: PMC8138432 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.666320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify and validate a biomarker panel by serum metabolic profiling for improvement of PCa diagnosis. Materials and Methods Totally, 134 individuals were included in this study. Among them, 39 PCa patients and 45 control patients (negative prostate biopsy) were involved in the discovery phase and 50 healthy controls were enrolled for validation phase of metabolomics study. LC-MS Analysis was used for the identification of the serum metabolites of patients. Results Logistics regression analysis shows that 5 metabolites [dMePE(18:0/18:2), PC(16:0/20:2), PS(15:0/18:2), SM(d16:0/24:1], Carnitine C14:0) were significantly changed in PCa patients compared with control patients. A metabolic panel (MET) was calculated, showing a significantly higher diagnostic performance than PSA in differentiating PCa from control patients [AUC (MET vs. PSA): 0.823 ± 0.046 vs. 0.712 ± 0.057, p<0.001]. Moreover, this panel was superior to PSA in distinguishing PCa from negative prostate biopsies when PSA levels were less than 20 ng/ml [AUC (MET vs. PSA]: 0.836 ± 0.050 vs. 0.656 ± 0.067, p<0.001]. In the validation set, the MET panel yielded an AUC of 0.823 in distinguishing PCa patients from healthy controls, showing a significant improvement of PCa detection. Conclusions The metabolite biomarker panel discovered in this study presents a good diagnostic performance for the detection of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jingyi He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Ji
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalong Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing He
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xuedong Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fubo Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Latent Membrane Protein 1 and B-Cell Growth Transformation Induce Lipogenesis through Fatty Acid Synthase. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.01857-20. [PMID: 33208446 PMCID: PMC7851568 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01857-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many attempts to develop novel therapies, EBV-specific therapies currently remain largely investigational, and EBV-associated malignancies are often associated with a worse prognosis. Therefore, there is a clear demand for EBV-specific therapies for both prevention and treatment of virus-associated malignancies. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is the major transforming protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is critical for EBV-induced B-cell transformation in vitro. Several B-cell malignancies are associated with latent LMP1-positive EBV infection, including Hodgkin’s and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. We have previously reported that promotion of B cell proliferation by LMP1 coincided with an induction of aerobic glycolysis. To further examine LMP1-induced metabolic reprogramming in B cells, we ectopically expressed LMP1 in an EBV-negative Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) cell line preceding a targeted metabolic analysis. This analysis revealed that the most significant LMP1-induced metabolic changes were to fatty acids. Significant changes to fatty acid levels were also found in primary B cells following EBV-mediated B-cell growth transformation. Ectopic expression of LMP1- and EBV-mediated B-cell growth transformation induced fatty acid synthase (FASN) and increased lipid droplet formation. FASN is a crucial lipogenic enzyme responsible for de novo biogenesis of fatty acids in transformed cells. Furthermore, inhibition of lipogenesis caused preferential killing of LMP1-expressing B cells and significantly hindered EBV immortalization of primary B cells. Finally, our investigation also found that USP2a, a ubiquitin-specific protease, is significantly increased in LMP1-positive BL cells and mediates FASN stability. Our findings demonstrate that ectopic expression of LMP1- and EBV-mediated B-cell growth transformation leads to induction of FASN, fatty acids, and lipid droplet formation, possibly pointing to a reliance on lipogenesis. Therefore, the use of lipogenesis inhibitors could be used in the treatment of LMP1+ EBV-associated malignancies by targeting an LMP1-specific dependency on lipogenesis. IMPORTANCE Despite many attempts to develop novel therapies, EBV-specific therapies currently remain largely investigational, and EBV-associated malignancies are often associated with a worse prognosis. Therefore, there is a clear demand for EBV-specific therapies for both prevention and treatment of virus-associated malignancies. Noncancerous cells preferentially obtain fatty acids from dietary sources, whereas cancer cells will often produce fatty acids themselves by de novo lipogenesis, often becoming dependent on the pathway for cell survival and proliferation. LMP1- and EBV-mediated B-cell growth transformation leads to induction of FASN, a key enzyme responsible for the catalysis of endogenous fatty acids. Preferential killing of LMP1-expressing B cells following inhibition of FASN suggests that targeting LMP-induced lipogenesis is an effective strategy in treating LMP1-positive EBV-associated malignancies. Importantly, targeting unique metabolic perturbations induced by EBV could be a way to explicitly target EBV-positive malignancies and distinguish their treatment from EBV-negative counterparts.
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11
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Doxorubicin Inhibits Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase and Modifies Mitochondrial Membrane Composition in HeLa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041317. [PMID: 32075281 PMCID: PMC7072979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DXR) is a drug widely used in chemotherapy. Its mode of action is based on its intercalation properties, involving the inhibition of topoisomerase II. However, few studies have reported the mitochondrial effects of DXR while investigating cardiac toxicity induced by the treatment, mostly in pediatric cases. Here, we demonstrate that DXR alters the mitochondrial membrane composition associated with bioenergetic impairment and cell death in human cancer cells. The remodeling of the mitochondrial membrane was explained by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD) inhibition by DXR. PSD catalyzes phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesis from phosphatidylserine (PS), and DXR altered the PS/PE ratio in the mitochondrial membrane. Moreover, we observed that DXR localized to the mitochondrial compartment and drug uptake was rapid. Evaluation of other topoisomerase II inhibitors did not show any impact on the mitochondrial membrane composition, indicating that the DXR effect was specific. Therefore, our findings revealed a side molecular target for DXR and PSD, potentially involved in DXR anti-cancer properties and the associated toxicity.
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12
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Abstract
The human betaherpesviruses, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV; species Human betaherpesvirus 5) and human herpesviruses 6A, 6B, and 7 (HHV-6A, -6B, and -7; species Human betaherpesviruses 6A, 6B, and 7) are highly prevalent and can cause severe disease in immune-compromised and immune-naive populations in well- and under-developed communities. Herpesvirus virion assembly is an intricate process that requires viral orchestration of host systems. In this review, we describe recent advances in some of the many cellular events relevant to assembly and egress of betaherpesvirus virions. These include modifications of host metabolic, immune, and autophagic/recycling systems. In addition, we discuss unique aspects of betaherpesvirus virion structure, virion assembly, and the cellular pathways employed during virion egress.
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13
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Rezaei-Tavirani M, Mansouri V, Rezaei Tavirani M, Rostami-Nejad M, Bashash D, Zamanian Azodi M. Gene and Biochemical Pathway Evaluation of Burns Injury via Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e1257. [PMID: 34466480 PMCID: PMC8344118 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe burns injury can affect several vital systems in the body and can cause inflammation in organs such as the heart, liver, and kidney. Many inflammatory mediators and regulatory hormones related to burn injuries are recognized. In this study, the genes related to burn injury interacted via network analysis, and the central nodes were enriched through gene ontology (GO). Materials and Methods: Disease query of STRING database was used for data gathering, and the network was constructed using Cytoscape software version 3.6.0. After gene screening, the central nodes were enriched via GO analysis by ClueGO. The highlighted genes and pathways were clustered and analyzed in detail. Results: Among 1067 genes, 35 critical genes that are involved in the 14 highlighted biochemical pathways were recognized. Interpretation of the finding indicates that a number of central genes can be considered as potential biomarkers related to burn injury. Conclusion: Can we revise to "Burn injuries have features that are common to several diseases and increases their risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence to: Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani, PhD, Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Telephone Number: +98-21-22439787 Email Address:
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Zamanian Azodi
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Roy R, Hahm ER, White AG, Anderson CJ, Singh SV. AKT-dependent sugar addiction by benzyl isothiocyanate in breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:996-1007. [PMID: 30720225 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The overall promise of breast cancer chemoprevention is exemplified by clinical success of selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors. Despite clinical efficacy, these interventions have limitations, including rare but serious side effects and lack of activity against estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers. We have shown previously that dietary administration of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), which occurs naturally as a thioglucoside conjugate in edible cruciferous vegetables, inhibits development of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer in mouse mammary tumor virus-neu (MMTV-neu) transgenic mice. This study demonstrates AKT-mediated sugar addiction in breast cancer chemoprevention by BITC. BITC-treated MMTV-neu mice exhibited increased 2-deoxy-2-(18 F)-fluoro-D-glucose (18 F-FDG) uptake in mammary tumors in vivo in comparison with mice fed basal diet. Cellular studies using MDA-MB-231 and SUM159 human breast cancer cell lines revealed BITC-mediated induction and punctate localization of glucose transporter GLUT-1, which was accompanied by an increase in intracellular pyruvate levels. BITC treatment resulted in increased S473 phosphorylation (activation) of AKT in cells in vitro as well as in mammary tumors of MMTV-neu mice in vivo. Increased glucose uptake, punctate pattern of GLUT-1 localization, and intracellular pyruvate levels resulting from BITC exposure were significantly attenuated in the presence of a pharmacological inhibitor of AKT (MK-2206). Inhibition of AKT augmented BITC-mediated inhibition of cell migration and colony formation. BITC-induced apoptotic cell death was also increased by pharmacological inhibition of AKT. These results indicate increased glucose uptake/metabolism by BITC treatment in breast cancer cells suggesting that breast cancer chemoprevention by BITC may be augmented by pharmacological inhibition of AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Roy
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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15
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Zheng P, Wang X, Hong Z, Shen F, Zhang Q. Preoperative fasting hyperglycemia is an independent prognostic factor for postoperative survival after gallbladder carcinoma radical surgery. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1425-1432. [PMID: 30863153 PMCID: PMC6388958 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s192273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative high blood glucose levels are closely associated with poor performance and high mortality in cancer patients. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between preoperative fasting hyperglycemia and the prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) after undergoing GBC radical surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 83 eligible patients who underwent GBC radical surgery between 2007 and 2016 was performed. Factors affecting overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Of the 83 patients, 35 (42.2%) had preoperative fasting hyperglycemia. The median OS of the enrolled patients was 12 months. The median OS in patients with fasting hyperglycemia before surgery was 18 months, which was shorter than for patients with normal fasting blood glucose levels before surgery (47 months, P<0.001). Preoperative fasting hyperglycemia was associated with shorter survival times in univariate analyses (HR, 3.215; 95% CI, 1.846-5.601; P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that patients with preoperative fasting hyperglycemia had a lower OS (HR, 2.832; 95% CI, 1.480-5.418; P=0.002) and RFS (HR, 2.051; 95% CI, 1.127-3.733; P=0.019) than patients with normal preoperative fasting blood glucose levels. CONCLUSION Preoperative fasting hyperglycemia is an independent indicator of poor prognosis in GBC patients after GBC radical surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China,
| | - Zhong Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Feixia Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China,
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China,
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16
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Jia L, Huang S, Yin X, Zan Y, Guo Y, Han L. Quercetin suppresses the mobility of breast cancer by suppressing glycolysis through Akt-mTOR pathway mediated autophagy induction. Life Sci 2018; 208:123-130. [PMID: 30025823 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the primary factor causing death of cancer patients and it is a study emphasis in cancer treatment to suppress tumor metastasis by inhibiting glycolysis, which is the main way of energy supply for cell mobility in tumor. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of quercetin, a bioactive flavonoid, on tumor metastasis and cell glycolysis and its related functionary mechanism in breast cancer progression. Firstly, trans-well invasion assay and wound healing assay indicated that quercetin effectively suppressed cell mobility. The corresponding western blot revealed that quercetin treatment down-regulated the expression of cell migration marker proteins, such as matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The further experiments exhibited that quercetin successfully blocked cell glycolysis by inhibiting the level of glucose uptake and the production of lactic acid, and also decreased the level of glycolysis-related proteins Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), Glucose transporter1(GLUT1) and Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). The above results revealed that quercetin might inhibit glycolysis to limit the migration of tumor cells by reducing the acidity of the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, our further investigation showed that quercetin induced obvious autophagy via inactivating the Akt-mTOR pathway. At the same time, the application of autophagy inhibitor 3-MA and Akt-mTOR pathway inducer IGF-1 further demonstrated that quercetin exerted inhibiting effect on cell mobility and glycolysis through Akt-mTOR pathway mediated autophagy induction. At last, the in vivo experiments also showed that quercetin treatment could suppress tumor growth and metastasis, inhibit glycolysis and induce autophagy through the inhibition of p-AKT/AKT. Taken together, we firstly revealed that quercetin suppressed the progression of breast cancer by inhibiting cell mobility and glycolysis through Akt-mTOR pathway mediated autophagy induction and may provide a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Jia
- Department of oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University,Shaanxi 646000, China.
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University,Shaanxi 646000, China
| | - Xiaoran Yin
- Department of oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University,Shaanxi 646000, China
| | - Ying Zan
- Department of oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University,Shaanxi 646000, China
| | - Ya Guo
- Department of oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University,Shaanxi 646000, China
| | - Lili Han
- Department of oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University,Shaanxi 646000, China
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17
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Monaco ME. Fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer subtypes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29487-29500. [PMID: 28412757 PMCID: PMC5438746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism is recognized as a component of malignant transformation in many different cancers, including breast; yet the potential for targeting this pathway for prevention and/or treatment of cancer remains unrealized. Evidence indicates that proteins involved in both synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids play a pivotal role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. The following essay summarizes data implicating specific fatty acid metabolic enzymes in the genesis and progression of breast cancer, and further categorizes the relevance of specific metabolic pathways to individual intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Based on mRNA expression data, the less aggressive luminal subtypes appear to rely on a balance between de novo fatty acid synthesis and oxidation as sources for both biomass and energy requirements, while basal-like, receptor negative subtypes overexpress genes involved in the utilization of exogenous fatty acids. With these differences in mind, treatments may need to be tailored to individual subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Monaco
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Wahdan-Alaswad RS, Edgerton SM, Salem HS, Thor AD. Metformin Targets Glucose Metabolism in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4. [PMID: 29780974 PMCID: PMC5959056 DOI: 10.4172/2476-2261.1000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is the most widely administered anti-diabetic agent worldwide. In patients receiving metformin for metabolic syndrome or diabetes, it reduces the incidence and improves the survival of breast cancer (BC) patients. We have previously shown that metformin is particularly potent against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), with a reduction of proliferation, oncogenicity and motility, inhibition of pro-oncogenic signaling pathways and induction of apoptosis. These BCs are well recognized to be highly dependent on glucose/glucosamine (metabolized through anaerobic glycolysis) and lipids, which are metabolized for the production of energy and cellular building blocks to sustain a high rate of proliferation. We have previously demonstrated that metformin inhibits lipid metabolism, specifically targeting fatty acid synthase (FASN), cholesterol biosynthesis and GM1 lipid rafts in TNBC. We also reported that glucose promotes phenotypic aggression and reduces metformin efficacy. We now show that metformin inhibits several key enzymes requisite to glucose metabolism in TNBC, providing additional insight into why metformin is especially toxic to this subtype of BC. Our data suggests that the use of metformin to target key metabolic defects in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in cancer may be broadly applicable, especially against highly aggressive malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Wahdan-Alaswad
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - S M Edgerton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - H S Salem
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - A D Thor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
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19
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Huang LH, Chung HY, Su HM. Docosahexaenoic acid reduces sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 and fatty acid synthase expression and inhibits cell proliferation by inhibiting pAkt signaling in a human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:890. [PMID: 29282029 PMCID: PMC5745739 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the major enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis, is highly expressed in breast cancer and its expression is reduced by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in liver. We previously found a positive association between rat mammary tumor levels of the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) and tumor weight. We examined the roles of the major n-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), and the major n-6 PUFA, AA, in FASN expression in, and proliferation of, human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Methods The cells were treated for 48 h with BSA or 60 μM BSA-bound DHA, AA, or oleic acid (OA, 18:1n-9), then were incubated with or without estradiol or insulin. Western blot and 3H–thymidine incorporation assay were used to determine the role of DHA on FASN regulation and MCF-7 cell proliferation. Results DHA, but neither AA nor OA, inhibits estradiol-induced and insulin-induced expression of the precursor of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (p-SREBP-1), its mature form (m-SREBP-1), and FASN. Estradiol or insulin stimulation increased the pAkt/Akt and pS6/S6 ratios, expression of p-SREBP-1, m-SREBP-1, and FASN, and cell proliferation, and these effects were decreased by DHA. The DHA-induced decrease in FASN expression resulted from reduced pAkt/Akt signaling and not pERK1/2/ERK1/2 signaling. In addition, DHA enhanced the inhibitory effect of LY294002 on pAkt signaling and expression of p-SREBP-1, m-SREBP-1, and FASN. However, addition of rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mTOR signaling pathways, 1 h before addition of estradiol or insulin increased the pAkt/Akt ratio and FASN expression, and this effect was inhibited by addition of DHA 48 h before rapamycin. Conclusion We conclude that, in MCF-7 cells, DHA inhibits pAKT signaling and thus expression of p-SREBP-1, m-SREBP-1, and FASN and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsuan Huang
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec 1 Jai-Ai Rd, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Chung
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec 1 Jai-Ai Rd, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Su
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec 1 Jai-Ai Rd, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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20
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Mayer RL, Schwarzmeier JD, Gerner MC, Bileck A, Mader JC, Meier-Menches SM, Gerner SM, Schmetterer KG, Pukrop T, Reichle A, Slany A, Gerner C. Proteomics and metabolomics identify molecular mechanisms of aging potentially predisposing for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 17:290-303. [PMID: 29196338 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), the most common type of leukemia in adults, is still essentially incurable despite the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This reflects the incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. A comprehensive proteome analysis of primary human B-CLL cells and B cells from younger as well as elderly healthy donors was performed. For comparison, the chronic B cell leukemia cell line JVM-13 was also included. A principal component analysis comprising 6,945 proteins separated these four groups, placing B cells of aged-matched controls between those of young donors and B-CLL patients, while identifying JVM-13 as poorly related cells. Mass spectrometric proteomics data have been made fully accessible via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006570-PXD006572, PXD006576, PXD006578, and PXD006589-PXD006591. Remarkably, B cells from aged controls displayed significant regulation of proteins related to stress management in mitochondria and ROS stress such as DLAT, FIS1, and NDUFAB1, and DNA repair, including RAD9A, MGMT, and XPA. ROS levels were indeed found significantly increased in B cells but not in T cells or monocytes from aged individuals. These alterations may be relevant for tumorigenesis and were observed similarly in B-CLL cells. In B-CLL cells, some remarkable unique features like the loss of tumor suppressor molecules PNN and JARID2, the stress-related serotonin transporter SLC6A4, and high expression of ZNF207, CCDC88A, PIGR and ID3, otherwise associated with stem cell phenotype, were determined. Alterations of metabolic enzymes were another outstanding feature in comparison to normal B cells, indicating increased beta-oxidation of fatty acids and increased consumption of glutamine. Targeted metabolomics assays corroborated these results. The present findings identify a potential proteome signature for immune senescence in addition to previously unrecognized features of B-CLL cells and suggest that aging may be accompanied by cellular reprogramming functionally relevant for predisposing B cells to transform to B-CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert L Mayer
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Josef D Schwarzmeier
- §Karl Landsteiner Institute for Bioanalytical Oncology, Karl Landsteiner Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene C Gerner
- ¶Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Johanna C Mader
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
| | | | - Samuel M Gerner
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
| | | | - Tobias Pukrop
- ‖Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Reichle
- ‖Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Slany
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Christopher Gerner
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, .,**Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Jose J, Tavares CDJ, Ebelt ND, Lodi A, Edupuganti R, Xie X, Devkota AK, Kaoud TS, Van Den Berg CL, Anslyn EV, Tiziani S, Bartholomeusz C, Dalby KN. Serotonin Analogues as Inhibitors of Breast Cancer Cell Growth. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1072-1076. [PMID: 29057053 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a critical local regulator of epithelial homeostasis in the breast and exerts its actions through a number of receptors. Dysregulation of serotonin signaling is reported to contribute to breast cancer pathophysiology by enhancing cell proliferation and promoting resistance to apoptosis. Preliminary analyses indicated that the potent 5-HT1B/1D serotonin receptor agonist 5-nonyloxytryptamine (5-NT), a triptan-like molecule, induced cell death in breast cancer cell lines. Thus, we synthesized a series of novel alkyloxytryptamine analogues, several of which decreased the viability of various human cancer cell lines. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses showed that compounds 6 and 10 induced apoptosis and interfered with signaling pathways that regulate protein translation and survival, such as the Akt/mTOR pathway, in triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiney Jose
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Clint D. J. Tavares
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Graduate
Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nancy D. Ebelt
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Graduate
Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alessia Lodi
- Department
of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
| | - Ramakrishna Edupuganti
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Section
of Translational Breast Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department
of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ashwini K. Devkota
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Graduate
Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tamer S. Kaoud
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Carla L. Van Den Berg
- Graduate
Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department
of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
| | - Chandra Bartholomeusz
- Section
of Translational Breast Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department
of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kevin N. Dalby
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Graduate
Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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22
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Griffiths SG, Cormier MT, Clayton A, Doucette AA. Differential Proteome Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles from Breast Cancer Cell Lines by Chaperone Affinity Enrichment. Proteomes 2017; 5:E25. [PMID: 28991197 PMCID: PMC5748560 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of human tissue fluid precludes timely identification of cancer biomarkers by immunoassay or mass spectrometry. An increasingly attractive strategy is to primarily enrich extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cancer cells in an accelerated manner compared to normal cells. The Vn96 peptide was herein employed to recover a subset of EVs released into the media from cellular models of breast cancer. Vn96 has affinity for heat shock proteins (HSPs) decorating the surface of EVs. Reflecting their cells of origin, cancer EVs displayed discrete differences from those of normal phenotype. GELFrEE LC/MS identified an extensive proteome from all three sources of EVs, the vast majority having been previously reported in the ExoCarta database. Pathway analysis of the Vn96-affinity proteome unequivocally distinguished EVs from tumorigenic cell lines (SKBR3 and MCF-7) relative to a non-tumorigenic source (MCF-10a), particularly with regard to altered metabolic enzymes, signaling, and chaperone proteins. The protein data sets provide valuable information from material shed by cultured cells. It is probable that a vast amount of biomarker identities may be collected from established and primary cell cultures using the approaches described here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aled Clayton
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Alan A Doucette
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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23
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Prasad CP, Södergren K, Andersson T. Reduced production and uptake of lactate are essential for the ability of WNT5A signaling to inhibit breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71471-71488. [PMID: 29069720 PMCID: PMC5641063 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we investigated the impact of WNT5A signaling on aerobic glycolysis and evaluated its effects on breast cancer cell migration/invasion. WNT5A signaling reduced migration and lactate production and caused selective down-regulation of the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase platelet-type (PFKP). These events occurred in parallel with a WNT5A-induced inhibition of β-catenin signaling. Support for essential involvement of β-catenin and PFKP in lactate production and migration/invasion was obtained by siRNA knockdown of their expression. To also explore the effect of non-tumor cell-derived lactate, we added exogenous lactate to the cells and noted an increase in migration that was significantly impaired by recombinant WNT5A in parallel with a down-regulation of the lactate transporter monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1). Interestingly enough, the drug-candidate Foxy5 (WNT5A-mimic hexapeptide) also inhibited breast cancer cell migration in the presence of exogenous lactate, suggesting a therapeutic potential for Foxy5 in managing breast tumors with high glycolytic activity. Overall, we demonstrated that WNT5A signaling (via a β-catenin-PFKP axis) reduces lactate production and lowers the expression of MCT1, a carrier mediating the uptake of lactate from the tumor microenvironment. These effects of WNT5A are essential for its ability to impair breast cancer migration/invasion even in an environment with elevated lactate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash Prasad
- Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Katja Södergren
- Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tommy Andersson
- Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
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24
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Chang SC, Yang WCV. Hyperglycemia, tumorigenesis, and chronic inflammation. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 108:146-153. [PMID: 27931833 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is the most prominent sign that characterizes diabetes. Hyperglycemia favors malignant cell growth by providing energy to cancer cells. Clinical studies also showed an increased risk of diabetes being associated with different types of cancers. In addition, poorly regulated glucose metabolism in diabetic patients is often found with increased levels of chronic inflammatory markers, e.g., interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and emerging evidence has highlighted activation of the immune response in the progression and development of cancer cells. Therefore, uncontrolled proinflammatory responses could conceivably create a chronic inflammatory state, promoting a tumor-favorable microenvironment and potentially triggering immune overactivation and cancer growth. To further understand how hyperglycemia contributes to immune overactivation, the tumor microenvironment and the development of chronic inflammation-associated tumors may provide insights into tumor biology and immunology. This paper provides a brief introduction to hyperglycemia-associated diseases, followed by a comprehensive overview of the current findings of regulatory molecular mechanisms of glycosylation on proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix under hyperglycemic conditions. Then, the authors discuss the role of hyperglycemia in tumorigenesis (particularly in prostate, liver, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers), as well as the contribution of hyperglycemia to chronic inflammation. The authors end with a brief discussion on the future perspectives of hyperglycemia/tumorigenesis and potential applications of alternative/effective therapeutic strategies for hyperglycemia-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Chang
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College for Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chung Vivian Yang
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College for Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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25
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Yuan J, Liu J, Song Q, Wang D, Xie W, Yan H, Zhou J, Wei Y, Sun X, Zhao L. Photoinduced Mild Hyperthermia and Synergistic Chemotherapy by One-Pot-Synthesized Docetaxel-Loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/Polypyrrole Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24445-24454. [PMID: 27565002 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mild hyperthermia has shown great advantages when combined with chemotherapy. The development of a multifunctional platform for the integration of mild hyperthermia capability into a drug-loading system is a key issue for cancer multimodality treatment application. Herein, a facile one-pot in situ fabrication protocol of docetaxel (DTX)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposites was developed. While the PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) allow efficient drug loading, the PPy nanobulges embedded within the surface of the PLGA NPs, formed by in situ pyrrole polymerization without the introduction of other template agents, can act as ideal mediators for photoinduced mild hyperthermia. Physiochemical characterizations of the as-prepared nanocomposites, including structure, morphology, photothermal effects, and an in vitro drug release profile, were systematically investigated. Further, 2-deoxyglucose-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was anchored onto the surface of the nanocomposites to endow the nanoplatform with targeting ability to tumor cells, which resulted in a 17-fold increase of NP internalization within human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) as competed with PEG-modified nanocomposites. Mild hyperthermia can be successfully mediated by the nanoplatform, and the temperature can be conveniently controlled by careful modulation of the PPy contents within the nanocomposites or the laser power density. Importantly, we have demonstrated that MCF-7 cells, which are markedly resistant to heat treatment of traditional water-bath hyperthermia, became sensitive to the PLGA/PPy nanocomposite-mediated photothermal therapy under the same mild-temperature hyperthermia. Moreover, DTX-loaded PLGA/PPy-nanocomposite-induced mild hyperthermia can strongly enhance drug cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells. Under the same thermal dose, photoinduced hyperthermia can convert the interaction between hyperthermia and drug treatment from interference to synergism. This is the first report on the one-pot synthesis of PLGA/PPy nanocomposites by in situ pyrrole polymerization, and such a multifunctional nanoplatform is demonstrated as a high-potential agent for photoinduced mild hyperthermia and enhanced chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jialu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qi Song
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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26
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Diagnostic roles of MUC1 and GLUT1 in differentiating thymic carcinoma from type B3 thymoma. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:1048-1051. [PMID: 27688088 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MUC1 is a transmembrane mucin that has been related to tumor progression and outcome in various malignancies. GLUT1 is a member of the mammalian facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) family of passive carriers that functions as an energy-independent system for transporting glucose. Both of them are useful markers for the diagnosis, progression, and prognosis of various tumors, especially those that are cancerous. However, the clinical significance of MUC1 and GLUT1 in thymic epithelial tumors remains uncertain due to a lack of quality specimen and studies at sufficient scale, both owing, in part, to the rarity of the tumors. The aim of this article is to study the expression patterns of MUC1 and GLUT1 in thymic carcinoma and type B3 thymoma, and to evaluate their diagnostic value for these two types of tumors via immunohistochemistry. Forty-three patients were included in the study, including twenty-two with thymic carcinoma and twenty-one with type B3 thymoma. Tumor tissue sections were immunohistochemically stained for MUC1 and GLUT1; meanwhile, some tumors were also stained with CKpan, TDT, CD5, and CD117. MUC1 was expressed in a total of 17 cases, with a positive rate of 77.27% (17/22) in thymic carcinoma and 9.52% (2/21) in type B3 thymoma, revealing a significant difference (p<0.0001). A significant difference (p<0.0001) was also shown for GLUT1, where the positive rates for thymic carcinoma and type B3 thymoma were 100% (22/22) and 42.86% (9/21), respectively. The expression of MUC1 was significantly correlated with GLUT1 (p<0.0001). Furthermore, GLUT1 staining sensitivity and specificity for thymic carcinoma were 100% (22/22) and 70.97% (22/31), respectively, while MUC1 staining sensitivity and specificity were 77.27% (17/22) and 89.47% (17/19), respectively. In conclusion, our study shows that MUC1 and GLUT1 staining may play a useful role in differentiating thymic carcinoma from type B3 thymoma, with high sensitivity and specificity.
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27
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Al-Eisawi Z, Beale P, Chan C, Yu JQ, Proschogo N, Molloy M, Huq F. Changes in the in vitro activity of platinum drugs when administered in two aliquots. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:688. [PMID: 27566066 PMCID: PMC5002105 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of ovarian cancer remains a challenge. Because of the lack of early symptoms, it is often diagnosed at a late stage when it is likely to have metastasized beyond ovaries. Currently, platinum based chemotherapy is the primary treatment for the disease. However acquired drug resistance remains an on-going problem. As cisplatin brings about apoptosis by intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, this study aimed to determine changes in activity of platinum drugs when administered in two aliquots as against a bolus and sought to determine association with changes in GSH, speciation of platinum drugs and changes in protein expression. METHODS The efficacy of administering cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin in two aliquots with a time gap was investigated in ovarian A2780, A2780(cisR), A2780(ZD0473R) and SKOV-3 cell lines. The cellular accumulation of platinum, level of platinum - DNA binding and cellular glutathione level were determined, and proteomic studies were carried out to identify key proteins associated with platinum resistance in ovarian A2780(cisR) cancer cell line. RESULTS Much greater cell kill was observed with solutions left standing at room temperature than with freshly prepared solutions, indicating that the increase in activity on ageing was related to speciation of the drug in solution. Proteomic studies identified 72 proteins that were differentially expressed in A2780 and A2780(cisR) cell lines; 22 of them were restored back to normal levels as a result of synergistic treatments, indicating their relevance in enhanced drug action. CONCLUSIONS The proteins identified are relevant to several different cellular functions including invasion and metastasis, cell cycle regulation and proliferation, metabolic and biosynthesis processes, stress-related proteins and molecular chaperones, mRNA processing, cellular organization/cytoskeleton, cellular communication and signal transduction. This highlights the multifactorial nature of platinum resistance in which many different proteins with diverse functions play key roles. This means multiple strategies can be harnessed to overcome platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. The results of the studies can be significant both from fundamental and clinical view points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab Al-Eisawi
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141 Australia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
| | - Philip Beale
- Sydney Cancer Centre, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139 Australia
| | - Charles Chan
- Department of Pathology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139 Australia
| | - Jun Qing Yu
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141 Australia
| | - Nicholas Proschogo
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Mark Molloy
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Fazlul Huq
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141 Australia
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Cumberland Campus C42, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, NSW 1825 Australia
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28
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Singh M, Devi U, Roy S, Gupta PS, Saraf SA, Kaithwas G. Prolyl hydroxylase mediated inhibition of fatty acid synthase to combat tumor growth in mammary gland carcinoma. Breast Cancer 2016; 23:820-829. [PMID: 26951539 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-016-0683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a group of cells which grow in an uncontrolled manner and invades to the adjacent organs to form malignant tumors. Tumor hypoxia results due to contrast between the cellular oxygen expenditure and oxygen supply to the cells. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is a heterodimeric transcription factor encompass of oxygen sensitive α subunit and constitutively expressed β subunit both of which are basic helix-loop-helix protein. The stability of HIF is primarily regulated by post translational prolyl hydroxylation, catalyzed by prolyl hydroxylase 2 (Phd-2). Phd-2 is a group of enzymes that acts as an oxygen sensor. Cancer cells have altered metabolism as they fulfil their energy needs through glycolysis and lipid biogenesis. HIF-1α is known to upregulate glycolysis by activating the transcription of enzymes on the glycolytic pathway and through lipogenesis. Cancer cells have over expressed fatty acid synthase owing to altered glycolytic pathway. Considering the above, it is hypothesized that chemical activation of Phd-2 can curtail down HIF-1α and subsequently fatty acid synthase expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Uma Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Medical Sciences Indigenous and Alternative Medicine, SHIATS-Deemed to be University, Naini, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Pushpraj S Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Medical Sciences Indigenous and Alternative Medicine, SHIATS-Deemed to be University, Naini, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India.
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29
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Paul-Samojedny M, Pudełko A, Kowalczyk M, Fila-Daniłow A, Suchanek-Raif R, Borkowska P, Kowalski J. Combination Therapy with AKT3 and PI3KCA siRNA Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Temozolomide and Carmustine in T98G Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. BioDrugs 2016; 30:129-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s40259-016-0160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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Cardullo N, Spatafora C, Musso N, Barresi V, Condorelli D, Tringali C. Resveratrol-Related Polymethoxystilbene Glycosides: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity, and Glycosidase Inhibition. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2675-2683. [PMID: 26539626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A small library of polymethoxystilbene glycosides (20-25) related to the natural polyphenol resveratrol have been synthesized and subjected, together with their aglycones 17-19, to an antiproliferative activity bioassay toward Caco-2 and SH-SY5Y cancer cells. Six of the compounds exhibit antiproliferative activity against at least one cell line. In particular, compounds 17 and 18 proved highly active on at least one of the two cell cultures. Compound 18 showed a GI50 value of 3 μM against Caco-2 cells, a value comparable to that of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil. The closely related compound 19 proved inactive, and its conjugates 22 and 25 showed weak cell growth inhibition. The results indicate that minimal differences in the structure of both polymethoxystilbenes and their glycosides can substantially affect the antiproliferative activity. The possible hydrolytic release of the aglycones 17-19 by β-glucosidase or β-galactosidase was also evaluated. Compounds 20-25 were also tested as potential β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, and α-glucosidase inhibitors. A promising inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidase was observed for 21 (IC50 = 78 μM) and 25 (IC50 = 70 μM), which might be indicative of their potential as lead compounds for development of antidiabetic or antiobesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cardullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Mediche, Sezione di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmela Spatafora
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Mediche, Sezione di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Mediche, Sezione di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenza Barresi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Mediche, Sezione di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Condorelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Mediche, Sezione di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Corrado Tringali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Mediche, Sezione di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
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31
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Cervantes-Madrid D, Dueñas-González A. Antitumor effects of a drug combination targeting glycolysis, glutaminolysis and de novo synthesis of fatty acids. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1533-42. [PMID: 26134042 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong rationale for targeting the metabolic alterations of cancer cells. The most studied of these are the higher rates of glycolysis, glutaminolysis and de novo synthesis of fatty acids (FAs). Despite the availability of pharmacological inhibitors of these pathways, no preclinical studies targeting them simultaneously have been performed. In the present study it was determined whether three key enzymes for glycolysis, glutaminolysis and de novo synthesis of FAs, hexokinase-2, glutaminase and fatty acid synthase, respectively, were overexpressed as compared to primary fibroblasts. In addition, we showed that at clinically relevant concentrations lonidamine, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine and orlistat, known inhibitors of the mentioned enzymes, exerted a cell viability inhibitory effect. Genetic downregulation of the three enzymes also reduced cell viability. The three drugs were highly synergistic when administered as a triple combination. Of note, the cytotoxicity of the triple combination was low in primary fibroblasts and was well tolerated when administered into healthy BALB/c mice. The results suggest the feasibility and potential clinical utility of the triple metabolic targeting which merits to be further studied by using either repositioned old drugs or newer, more selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cervantes-Madrid
- Division of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
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32
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Robey RB, Weisz J, Kuemmerle NB, Salzberg AC, Berg A, Brown DG, Kubik L, Palorini R, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Colacci A, Mondello C, Raju J, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Salem HK, Amedei A, Hamid RA, Williams GP, Lowe L, Meyer J, Martin FL, Bisson WH, Chiaradonna F, Ryan EP. Metabolic reprogramming and dysregulated metabolism: cause, consequence and/or enabler of environmental carcinogenesis? Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S203-31. [PMID: 26106140 PMCID: PMC4565609 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental contributions to cancer development are widely accepted, but only a fraction of all pertinent exposures have probably been identified. Traditional toxicological approaches to the problem have largely focused on the effects of individual agents at singular endpoints. As such, they have incompletely addressed both the pro-carcinogenic contributions of environmentally relevant low-dose chemical mixtures and the fact that exposures can influence multiple cancer-associated endpoints over varying timescales. Of these endpoints, dysregulated metabolism is one of the most common and recognizable features of cancer, but its specific roles in exposure-associated cancer development remain poorly understood. Most studies have focused on discrete aspects of cancer metabolism and have incompletely considered both its dynamic integrated nature and the complex controlling influences of substrate availability, external trophic signals and environmental conditions. Emerging high throughput approaches to environmental risk assessment also do not directly address the metabolic causes or consequences of changes in gene expression. As such, there is a compelling need to establish common or complementary frameworks for further exploration that experimentally and conceptually consider the gestalt of cancer metabolism and its causal relationships to both carcinogenesis and the development of other cancer hallmarks. A literature review to identify environmentally relevant exposures unambiguously linked to both cancer development and dysregulated metabolism suggests major gaps in our understanding of exposure-associated carcinogenesis and metabolic reprogramming. Although limited evidence exists to support primary causal roles for metabolism in carcinogenesis, the universality of altered cancer metabolism underscores its fundamental biological importance, and multiple pleiomorphic, even dichotomous, roles for metabolism in promoting, antagonizing or otherwise enabling the development and selection of cancer are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brooks Robey
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA, Departments of Medicine and of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03756, USA,
| | - Judith Weisz
- Departments of Gynecology and Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nancy B Kuemmerle
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA, Departments of Medicine and of
| | - Anna C Salzberg
- Departments of Gynecology and Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Arthur Berg
- Departments of Gynecology and Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Laura Kubik
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Roberta Palorini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy, SYSBIO Center for Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057 USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057 USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo, 12515, Egypt
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, 50134, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Graeme P Williams
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Centre for Biophotonics, LEC, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK, Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 1X5, Canada, and
| | - Joel Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Francis L Martin
- Centre for Biophotonics, LEC, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy, SYSBIO Center for Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Mitochondrial biology, targets, and drug delivery. J Control Release 2015; 207:40-58. [PMID: 25841699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mitochondrial medicine has emerged as a new discipline resting at the intersection of mitochondrial biology, pathology, and pharmaceutics. The central role of mitochondria in critical cellular processes such as metabolism and apoptosis has placed mitochondria at the forefront of cell science. Advances in mitochondrial biology have revealed that these organelles continually undergo fusion and fission while functioning independently and in complex cellular networks, establishing direct membrane contacts with each other and with other organelles. Understanding the diverse cellular functions of mitochondria has contributed to understanding mitochondrial dysfunction in disease states. Polyplasmy and heteroplasmy contribute to mitochondrial phenotypes and associated dysfunction. Residing at the center of cell biology, cellular functions, and disease pathology and being laden with receptors and targets, mitochondria are beacons for pharmaceutical modification. This review presents the current state of mitochondrial medicine with a focus on mitochondrial function, dysfunction, and common disease; mitochondrial receptors, targets, and substrates; and mitochondrial drug design and drug delivery with a focus on the application of nanotechnology to mitochondrial medicine. Mitochondrial medicine is at the precipice of clinical translation; the objective of this review is to aid in the advancement of mitochondrial medicine from infancy to application.
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Sun S, Liang X, Zhang X, Liu T, Shi Q, Song Y, Jiang Y, Wu H, Jiang Y, Lu X, Pang D. Phosphoglycerate kinase-1 is a predictor of poor survival and a novel prognostic biomarker of chemoresistance to paclitaxel treatment in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1332-9. [PMID: 25867275 PMCID: PMC4402453 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (PGK1) has been recently documented in various malignancies; however, the molecular mechanisms of the variable PGK1 expression and its clinical significance in terms of survival status remain unclear. Methods: Real-time quantitative PCR (real-time qPCR) and western blotting were used to verify PGK1 expression in 46 fresh breast cancer tissues and matched normal tissues. A tissue microarray (TMA) comprising 401 breast cancer tissues and 123 matched normal tissues was investigated by immunohistochemistry for PGK1 expression. Then, the correlation between PGK1 expression and the clinicopathologic features was analysed. Results: PGK1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased in breast cancer tissues compared with that in normal breast tissues. High PGK1 expression was significantly associated with higher histologic grade (P=0.009) and positive status of ER (P=0.004), Her-2 (P=0.026) and P53 (P=0.012). High levels of PGK1 expression were associated with worse overall survival (OS, P=0.02). Furthermore, patients who underwent paclitaxel chemotherapy with high levels PGK1 expression had shorter OS than did those with low levels of PGK1 expression (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that PGK1 (P=0.001) was an independent predictor in the patients treated with paclitaxel. Conclusions: PGK1 is a prognostic biomarker of chemoresistance to paclitaxel treatment in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - X Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - T Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Q Shi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Y Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - H Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - X Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - D Pang
- 1] Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China [2] North China Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center (NTMRC), Harbin 150081, China
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Paul-Samojedny M, Pudełko A, Suchanek-Raif R, Kowalczyk M, Fila-Daniłow A, Borkowska P, Kowalski J. Knockdown of the AKT3 (PKBγ), PI3KCA, and VEGFR2 genes by RNA interference suppresses glioblastoma multiforme T98G cells invasiveness in vitro. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:3263-77. [PMID: 25501707 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy, having a very poor prognosis and is characterized by extensive brain invasion as well as resistance to the therapy. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/PTEN signaling pathway is deregulated in GBM. Besides, florid vascularization and aberrantly elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) occur very often. The present study was designed to examine the inhibitory effect of AKT3, PI3KCA, and VEGFR2 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on GBM cell invasiveness. T98G cells were transfected with AKT3, PI3KCA, and/or VEGFR2 siRNAs. VEGFR2 protein-positive cells were identified by flow cytometry using specific monoclonal anti-VEGFR2 antibodies. Alterations in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, MMP-14), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) (TIMP-1, TIMP-3), c-Fos, c-Jun, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), ObRa, and cathepsin D genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Cells treated with specific siRNA were also analyzed for invasion using the Matrigel invasion assay. We have found significantly lower mRNA levels of MMPs, cathepsin D, VEGF, VEGFR2, HIF-1α, and c-Fos/c-Jun ratio, as well as significantly higher mRNA level of TIMPs in AKT3 and PI3KCA siRNA transfected cells compared to untransfected cells, while significantly lower mRNA levels of MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-14) and TIMP-1, as well as significantly higher mRNA level of TIMP-3, were shown only in cells transfected with VEGFR2 siRNA. The positive correlation between MMP-13 and ObRa mRNA copy number has been found. Summarizing, transfection of T98G cells with AKT3, PI3KCA, or VEGFR2 siRNAs leads to a significant reduction in cell invasiveness. The siRNA-induced AKT3, PI3KCA, and VEGFR2 mRNA knockdown may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce the invasiveness of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Paul-Samojedny
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jednosci 8 Street, 41-200, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland,
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Rojas C, Pan-Castillo B, Valls C, Pujadas G, Garcia-Vallve S, Arola L, Mulero M. Resveratrol enhances palmitate-induced ER stress and apoptosis in cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113929. [PMID: 25436452 PMCID: PMC4250062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Palmitate, a saturated fatty acid (FA), is known to induce toxicity and cell death in various types of cells. Resveratrol (RSV) is able to prevent pathogenesis and/or decelerate the progression of a variety of diseases. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have also shown a protective effect of RSV on fat accumulation induced by FAs. Additionally, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has recently been linked to cellular adipogenic responses. To address the hypothesis that the RSV effect on excessive fat accumulation promoted by elevated saturated FAs could be partially mediated by a reduction of ER stress, we studied the RSV action on experimentally induced ER stress using palmitate in several cancer cell lines. Principal Findings We show that, unexpectedly, RSV promotes an amplification of palmitate toxicity and cell death and that this mechanism is likely due to a perturbation of palmitate accumulation in the triglyceride form and to a less important membrane fluidity variation. Additionally, RSV decreases radical oxygen species (ROS) generation in palmitate-treated cells but leads to enhanced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) splicing and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression. These molecular effects are induced simultaneously to caspase-3 cleavage, suggesting that RSV promotes palmitate lipoapoptosis primarily through an ER stress-dependent mechanism. Moreover, the lipotoxicity reversion induced by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or by a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist reinforces the hypothesis that RSV-mediated inhibition of palmitate channeling into triglyceride pools could be a key factor in the aggravation of palmitate-induced cytotoxicity. Conclusions Our results suggest that RSV exerts its cytotoxic role in cancer cells exposed to a saturated FA context primarily by triglyceride accumulation inhibition, probably leading to an intracellular palmitate accumulation that triggers a lipid-mediated cell death. Additionally, this cell death is promoted by ER stress through a CHOP-mediated apoptotic process and may represent a potential anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rojas
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Belén Pan-Castillo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Reproductive Biology and Gynecological Oncology Group, Center for Nanohealth, Institute of Life, Swansea University, Swansea, SA28PP, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Valls
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Santi Garcia-Vallve
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Lluis Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Pelicano H, Zhang W, Liu J, Hammoudi N, Dai J, Xu RH, Pusztai L, Huang P. Mitochondrial dysfunction in some triple-negative breast cancer cell lines: role of mTOR pathway and therapeutic potential. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:434. [PMID: 25209360 PMCID: PMC4303115 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of highly malignant breast cancer with poor prognosis. TNBC is not amenable to endocrine therapy and often exhibit resistance to current chemotherapeutic agents, therefore, further understanding of the biological properties of these cancer cells and development of effective therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. METHODS We first investigated the metabolic alterations in TNBC cells in comparison with other subtypes of breast cancer cells using molecular and metabolic analyses. We further demonstrated that targeting these alterations using specific inhibitors and siRNA approach could render TNBC cells more sensitive to cell death compared to other breast cancer subtypes. RESULTS We found that TNBC cells compared to estrogen receptor (ER) positive cells possess special metabolic characteristics manifested by high glucose uptake, increased lactate production, and low mitochondrial respiration which is correlated with attenuation of mTOR pathway and decreased expression of p70S6K. Re-expression of p70S6K in TNBC cells reverses their glycolytic phenotype to an active oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) state, while knockdown of p70S6K in ER positive cells leads to suppression of mitochondrial OXPHOS. Furthermore, lower OXPHOS activity in TNBC cells renders them highly dependent on glycolysis and the inhibition of glycolysis is highly effective in targeting TNBC cells despite their resistance to other anticancer agents. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that TNBC cells have profound metabolic alterations characterized by decreased mitochondrial respiration and increased glycolysis. Due to their impaired mitochondrial function, TNBC cells are highly sensitive to glycolytic inhibition, suggesting that such metabolic intervention may be an effective therapeutic strategy for this subtype of breast cancer cells.
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Knockdown of AKT3 (PKBγ) and PI3KCA suppresses cell viability and proliferation and induces the apoptosis of glioblastoma multiforme T98G cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:768181. [PMID: 24967401 PMCID: PMC4054922 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and invasive human brain tumor that is difficult to treat and has a very poor prognosis. Thus, new therapeutic strategies that target GBM are urgently needed. The PI3K/AKT/PTEN signaling pathway is frequently deregulated in a wide range of cancers. The present study was designed to examine the inhibitory effect of AKT3 or PI3KCA siRNAs on GBM cell growth, viability, and proliferation.T98G cells were transfected with AKT3 and/or PI3KCA siRNAs. AKT3 and PI3KCA protein-positive cells were identified using FC and Western blotting. The influence of specific siRNAs on T98G cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis was evaluated as well using FC. Alterations in the mRNA expression of AKT3, PI3KCA, and apoptosis-related genes were analyzed using QRT-PCR. Knockdown of AKT3 and/or PI3KCA genes in T98G cells led to a significant reduction in cell viability, the accumulation of subG1-phase cells and, a reduced fraction of cells in the S and G2/M phases. Additionally, statistically significant differences in the BAX/BCL-2 ratio and an increased percentage of apoptotic cells were found. The siRNA-induced AKT3 and PI3KCA mRNA knockdown may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to control the growth of human GBM cells.
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Oshakbayev KP, Alibek K, Ponomarev IO, Uderbayev NN, Dukenbayeva BA. Weight change therapy as a potential treatment for end-stage ovarian carcinoma. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2014; 15:203-11. [PMID: 24847411 PMCID: PMC4025513 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.890229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 41 Final Diagnosis: Ovarian carcinoma Symptoms: Ascites • hepatomegaly • weight loss Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Oncology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Alibek
- Department of Oncology, Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medicine, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Igor Olegovich Ponomarev
- Department of Oncology, Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medicine, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
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de la Cova C, Senoo-Matsuda N, Ziosi M, Wu DC, Bellosta P, Quinzii CM, Johnston LA. Supercompetitor status of Drosophila Myc cells requires p53 as a fitness sensor to reprogram metabolism and promote viability. Cell Metab 2014; 19:470-83. [PMID: 24561262 PMCID: PMC3970267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In growing tissues, cell fitness disparities can provoke interactions that promote stronger cells at the expense of the weaker in a process called cell competition. The mechanistic definition of cell fitness is not understood, nor is it understood how fitness differences are recognized. Drosophila cells with extra Myc activity acquire "supercompetitor" status upon confrontation with wild-type (WT) cells, prompting the latter's elimination via apoptosis. Here we show that such confrontation enhances glycolytic flux in Myc cells and promotes their fitness and proliferation in a p53-dependent manner. Whereas p53 loss in noncompeting Myc cells is inconsequential, its loss impairs metabolism, reduces viability, and prevents the killing activity of Myc supercompetitor cells. We propose that p53 acts as a general sensor of competitive confrontation to enhance the fitness of the "winner" population. Our findings suggest that the initial confrontation between precancerous and WT cells could enhance cancer cell fitness and promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire de la Cova
- Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nanami Senoo-Matsuda
- Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Life Science and Medical BioScience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Waskamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Marcello Ziosi
- Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Christine Wu
- Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laura A Johnston
- Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Role of carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) in generating an aerobic metabolic phenotype and in breast cancer progression. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:715-23. [PMID: 24366300 PMCID: PMC3915128 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lipogenic transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) may play a key role in malignant progression of breast cancer by allowing metabolic adaptations to take place in response to changes in oxygenation. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of ChREBP was carried out in human breast tumour tissue microarrays representative of malignant progression from normal breast through to metastatic cancer. The ChREBP protein and mRNA expressions were then analysed in a series of breast cancers for correlative analysis with common and breast-specific hypoxia signatures, and survival. RESULTS In invasive ductal carcinoma, ChREBP correlated significantly with mean 'downregulated' hypoxia scores (r=0.3, P<0.015, n=67) and in two distinct breast progression arrays, ChREBP protein also increased with malignant progression (P<0.001). However, bioinformatic analysis of a large data set (2136 cases) revealed an apparent reversal in the relationship between ChREBP mRNA level and clinical outcome - not only being significantly correlated with increased survival (log rank P<0.001), but also downregulated in malignant tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue. CONCLUSION The ChREBP expression may be reflective of an aerobic metabolic phenotype that may conflict with hypoxia-induced signalling but provide a mechanism for growth at the oxygenated edge of the tumours.
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Vaughan RA, Gannon NP, Garcia-Smith R, Licon-Munoz Y, Barberena MA, Bisoffi M, Trujillo KA. β-alanine suppresses malignant breast epithelial cell aggressiveness through alterations in metabolism and cellular acidity in vitro. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:14. [PMID: 24460609 PMCID: PMC3937146 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulated energetics is a property of most cancer cells. This phenomenon, known as the Warburg Effect or aerobic glycolysis, is characterized by increased glucose uptake, lactate export and extracellular acidification, even in the presence of oxygen. β-alanine is a non-essential amino acid that has previously been shown to be metabolized into carnosine, which functions as an intracellular buffer. Because of this buffering capacity, we investigated the effects of β-alanine on the metabolic cancerous phenotype. Methods Non-malignant MCF-10a and malignant MCF-7 breast epithelial cells were treated with β-alanine at 100 mM for 24 hours. Aerobic glycolysis was quantified by measuring extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxidative metabolism was quantified by measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR). mRNA of metabolism-related genes was quantified by qRT-PCR with corresponding protein expression quantified by immunoblotting, or by flow cytometry which was verified by confocal microscopy. Mitochondrial content was quantified using a mitochondria-specific dye and measured by flow cytometry. Results Cells treated with β-alanine displayed significantly suppressed basal and peak ECAR (aerobic glycolysis), with simultaneous increase in glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Additionally, cells treated with β-alanine exhibited significantly reduced basal and peak OCR (oxidative metabolism), which was accompanied by reduction in mitochondrial content with subsequent suppression of genes which promote mitochondrial biosynthesis. Suppression of glycolytic and oxidative metabolism by β-alanine resulted in the reduction of total metabolic rate, although cell viability was not affected. Because β-alanine treatment reduces extracellular acidity, a constituent of the invasive microenvironment that promotes progression, we investigated the effect of β-alanine on breast cell viability and migration. β-alanine was shown to reduce both cell migration and proliferation without acting in a cytotoxic fashion. Moreover, β-alanine significantly increased malignant cell sensitivity to doxorubicin, suggesting a potential role as a co-therapeutic agent. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that β-alanine may elicit several anti-tumor effects. Our observations support the need for further investigation into the mechanism(s) of action and specificity of β-alanine as a co-therapeutic agent in the treatment of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Grabacka M, Pierzchalska M, Reiss K. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α ligands as anticancer drugs targeting mitochondrial metabolism. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2013; 14:342-56. [PMID: 21133850 DOI: 10.2174/1389201011314030009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells show metabolic features distinctive from normal tissues, with characteristically enhanced aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis and lipid synthesis. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPAR α) is activated by nutrients (fatty acids and their derivatives) and influences these metabolic pathways acting antagonistically to oncogenic Akt and c-Myc. Therefore PPAR α can be regarded as a candidate target molecule in supplementary anticancer pharmacotherapy as well as dietary therapeutic approach. This idea is based on hitting the cancer cell metabolic weak points through PPAR α mediated stimulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis with simultaneous reduction of glucose and glutamine consumption. PPAR α activity is induced by fasting and its molecular consequences overlap with the effects of calorie restriction and ketogenic diet (CRKD). CRKD induces increase of NAD+/NADH ratio and drop in ATP/AMP ratio. The first one is the main stimulus for enhanced protein deacetylase SIRT1 activity; the second one activates AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK). Both SIRT1 and AMPK exert their major metabolic activities such as fatty acid oxidation and block of glycolysis and protein, nucleotide and fatty acid synthesis through the effector protein peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 1 α coactivator (PGC-1α). PGC-1α cooperates with PPAR α and their activities might contribute to potential anticancer effects of CRKD, which were reported for various brain tumors. Therefore, PPAR α activation can engage molecular interplay among SIRT1, AMPK, and PGC-1α that provides a new, low toxicity dietary approach supplementing traditional anticancer regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Grabacka
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow 30- 149, ul. Balicka 122, Poland.
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Wahdan-Alaswad R, Fan Z, Edgerton SM, Liu B, Deng XS, Arnadottir SS, Richer JK, Anderson SM, Thor AD. Glucose promotes breast cancer aggression and reduces metformin efficacy. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3759-69. [PMID: 24107633 PMCID: PMC3905068 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin treatment has been associated with a decrease in breast cancer risk and improved survival. Metformin induces complex cellular changes, resulting in decreased tumor cell proliferation, reduction of stem cells, and apoptosis. Using a carcinogen-induced rodent model of mammary tumorigenesis, we recently demonstrated that overfeeding in obese animals is associated with a 50% increase in tumor glucose uptake, increased proliferation, and tumor cell reprogramming to an "aggressive" metabolic state. Metformin significantly inhibited these pro-tumorigenic effects. We hypothesized that a dynamic relationship exists between chronic energy excess (glucose by dose) and metformin efficacy/action. Media glucose concentrations above 5 mmol/L was associated with significant increase in breast cancer cell proliferation, clonogenicity, motility, upregulation/activation of pro-oncogenic signaling, and reduction in apoptosis. These effects were most significant in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. High-glucose conditions (10 mmol/L or above) significantly abrogated the effects of metformin. Mechanisms of metformin action at normal vs. high glucose overlapped but were not identical; for example, metformin reduced IGF-1R expression in both the HER2+ SK-BR-3 and TNBC MDA-MB-468 cell lines more significantly at 5, as compared with 10 mmol/L glucose. Significant changes in gene profiles related to apoptosis, cellular processes, metabolic processes, and cell proliferation occurred with metformin treatment in cells grown at 5 mmol/L glucose, whereas under high-glucose conditions, metformin did not significantly increase apoptotic/cellular death genes. These data indicate that failure to maintain glucose homeostasis may promote a more aggressive breast cancer phenotype and alter metformin efficacy and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Wahdan-Alaswad
- Department of Pathology; University of Colorado; Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Zeying Fan
- Department of Pathology; University of Colorado; Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Susan M Edgerton
- Department of Pathology; University of Colorado; Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Bolin Liu
- Department of Pathology; University of Colorado; Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Xin-Sheng Deng
- Department of Surgery; University of Colorado; Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Sigrid Salling Arnadottir
- Department of Pathology; University of Colorado; Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO USA; Department of Molecular Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jennifer K Richer
- Department of Pathology; University of Colorado; Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Steven M Anderson
- Department of Pathology; University of Colorado; Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Ann D Thor
- Department of Pathology; University of Colorado; Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO USA
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Hamdan L, Arrar Z, Al Muataz Y, Suleiman L, Négrier C, Mulengi JK, Boukerche H. Alpha cyano-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72953. [PMID: 24039831 PMCID: PMC3764168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the underlying mechanism of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (ACCA), on the growth of breast cancer cells and normal immortal epithelial cells, and compared their cytotoxic effects responses. Treatment of breast cancer cells (MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-231) with ACCA resulted in dose- and time-dependent decrease of cell proliferation, viability in colony formation assay, and programmed cell death (apoptosis) with minimal effects on non-tumoral cells. The ability of ACCA to suppress growth in cancer cells not expressing or containing defects in p53 gene indicates a lack of involvement of this critical tumor suppressor element in mediating ACCA-induced growth inhibition. Induction of apoptosis correlated with an increase in Bax protein, an established inducer of programmed cell death, and the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, an established inhibitor of apoptosis. We also documented the ability of ACCA to inhibit the migration and invasion of MDA-231 cells with ACCA in vitro. Additionally, tumor growth of MDA-231 breast cancer cells in vivo was dramatically affected with ACCA. On the basis of its selective anticancer inhibitory activity on tumor cells, ACCA may represent a promising therapeutic drug that should be further evaluated as a chemotherapeutic agent for human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Hamdan
- Unité de Recherche Mixte EA4174, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSERM, Lyon, France
- Department de Chimie Organique, Substances Naturelles et Analyses, University de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algerie
| | - Zoheir Arrar
- Department de Chimie Organique, Substances Naturelles et Analyses, University de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algerie
| | - Yacoub Al Muataz
- Unité de Recherche Mixte EA4174, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Lutfi Suleiman
- Unité de Recherche Mixte EA4174, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Claude Négrier
- Unité de Recherche Mixte EA4174, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Joseph Kajima Mulengi
- Department de Chimie Organique, Substances Naturelles et Analyses, University de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algerie
| | - Habib Boukerche
- Unité de Recherche Mixte EA4174, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSERM, Lyon, France
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Sciacca L, Vigneri R, Tumminia A, Frasca F, Squatrito S, Frittitta L, Vigneri P. Clinical and molecular mechanisms favoring cancer initiation and progression in diabetic patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:808-815. [PMID: 23932729 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer incidence and mortality are higher among diabetic patients. This review examines the mechanisms, both general and site-specific, for this increase. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, which are the major abnormalities that characterize diabetes, can promote cancer via both independent and synergic mechanisms. Insulin is both a metabolic hormone and a growth factor that promotes cell proliferation. When insulin levels are increased due to either insulin resistance or insulin treatment, their mitogenic effect is more marked in malignant cells that frequently overexpress the insulin receptor and, more specifically, its A isoform that has predominant mitogenic activity. Hyperglycemia provides energy for malignant cell proliferation and, via the peculiar energy utilization of cancer cells, favors cancer growth and neoangiogenesis. Additionally, diabetes-associated obesity has cancer-promoting effects due to mechanisms that are specific to excess fat cells (such as increased peripheral estrogens, increased pro-mitogen cytokines and growth factors). Also fat-associated chronic inflammation can favor cancer via the cell damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and via the production of inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors that stimulate cancer growth and invasiveness. Finally, the multiple drugs involved in the treatment of diabetes can also play a role. Diabetes-associated comorbidities, tissue-specific inflammation, and organ-specific dysfunctions can explain why the risk of cancer can differ by tissue type among diabetic patients. The increased risk of cancer-related mortality is moderate among individual patients with diabetes (RR = 1.25), but the pandemic nature of the disease means that a considerable number of lives could be spared through a better understanding of the factors associating diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sciacca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy
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Whitehead TD, Nemanich ST, Dence C, Shoghi KI. A PET-compatible tissue bioreactor for research, discovery, and validation of imaging biomarkers and radiopharmaceuticals: system design and proof-of-concept studies. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1812-9. [PMID: 23978447 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.119776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Research and discovery of novel radiopharmaceuticals and targets thereof generally involves initial studies in cell cultures, followed by animal studies, both of which present several inherent limitations. The objective of this work was to develop a tissue bioreactor (TBR) enabling modulation of the microenvironment and to integrate the TBR with a small-animal PET scanner to facilitate imaging biomarker research and discovery and validation of radiopharmaceuticals. METHODS The TBR chamber is a custom-blown, water-jacketed, glass vessel enclosed in a circulating perfusion bath powered by a peristaltic pump, which is integrated within the field of view of the PET scanner. The chamber is in series with a gas exchanger and a vessel for degassing the system during filling. Dissolved oxygen/temperature probes and septa for injection or sampling are located at the inlet and outlet of the cell chamber. A pH probe is located at the chamber outlet. Effluent is collected in the fraction collector as mixed-cup samples. In addition, both medium and tissue chamber can be sampled to investigate tissue and secretory products through multiscale analysis. As a proof of concept, we studied the effects of lipids on glucose uptake using HepG2 cells. To that end, we varied the nutrient substrate environment over a period of approximately 27 d, before and after the addition of lipids, and studied the effects of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist, on lipid and glucose uptake. In parallel, the TBR was imaged by PET in conjunction with (11)C-palmitate in the presence and absence of lipids to characterize (11)C-palmitate uptake. RESULTS The O2 consumption, glucose consumption, lactate production, and free fatty acid consumption and production rates were consistent in demonstrating the effects of lipids on glucose uptake. Pioglitazone exhibited improved glucose uptake within 3 d of treatment. Semiquantitative analysis suggested that lipids induced greater (11)C-palmitate uptake. CONCLUSION The integrated TBR offers a platform to monitor and modulate the tissue microenvironment, thus facilitating tissue-specific imaging and therapeutic biomarkers of disease, identification of molecular diagnostic markers, and validation of radiopharmaceuticals in both rodent and human cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Whitehead
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Bi X, Jin Y, Li S, Gao D, Jiang Y, Liu H. Rapid and sensitive determination of fatty acids in edible oil by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-4934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Obacz J, Pastorekova S, Vojtesek B, Hrstka R. Cross-talk between HIF and p53 as mediators of molecular responses to physiological and genotoxic stresses. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:93. [PMID: 23945296 PMCID: PMC3844392 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal rates of growth together with metastatic potential and lack of susceptibility to cellular signals leading to apoptosis are widely investigated characteristics of tumors that develop via genetic or epigenetic mechanisms. Moreover, in the growing tumor, cells are exposed to insufficient nutrient supply, low oxygen availability (hypoxia) and/or reactive oxygen species. These physiological stresses force them to switch into more adaptable and aggressive phenotypes. This paper summarizes the role of two key mediators of cellular stress responses, namely p53 and HIF, which significantly affect cancer progression and compromise treatment outcomes. Furthermore, it describes cross-talk between these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Obacz
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Zluty kopec 7, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Zhang X, He C, He C, Chen B, Liu Y, Kong M, Wang C, Lin L, Dong Y, Sheng H. Nuclear PKM2 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 209:510-5. [PMID: 23880164 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide, with a high malignant degree and poor prognosis. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) expression and the prognosis of patients with ESCC. The expression of PKM2 in 86 cases of esophageal carcinoma tissues was tested using immunohistochemistry. The relationship between PKM2 expression and clinical pathological parameters, and their effects on the prognosis of patients with ESCC were analyzed. The expression levels of PKM2 in both cytoplasm and nucleus of ESCC tissues were significantly higher than those in paracancerous tissues (P=6.73×10(-9) and 4.32×10(-6), respectively). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that nuclear PKM2 expression was closely related to the survival of patients with ESCC (P=0.005). Patients with high PKM2 expression in the nucleus had significantly shorter survival times than those with low PKM2 expression in the nucleus (hazard ratio for death, 2.358; 95% confidence interval, 1.156-4.812; P=0.018). No other significant difference was found between PMK2 expression and clinico-pathological features of ESCC patients (all P>0.05). In conclusion, high PKM2 expression in the nucleus is essential in the pathogenic process of ESCC and may be used to predict the prognosis of patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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