1
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Vrzalova A, Vrzal R. Orchestra of ligand-activated transcription factors in the molecular symphony of SERPINE 1 / PAI-1 gene regulation. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00220-7. [PMID: 39321911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a crucial serine protease inhibitor that prevents plasminogen activation by inhibiting tissue- and urokinase-type plasminogen activators (tPA, uPA). PAI-1 is well-known for its role in modulating hemocoagulation or extracellular matrix formation by inhibiting plasmin or matrix metalloproteinases, respectively. PAI-1 is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines across various tissues, yet its regulation by ligand-activated transcription factors is partly disregarded. Therefore, we have attempted to summarize the current knowledge on the transcriptional regulation of PAI-1 expression by the most relevant xenobiotic and endocrine receptors implicated in modulating PAI-1 levels. This review aims to contribute to the understanding of the specific, often tissue-dependent regulation of PAI-1 and provide insights into the modulation of PAI-1 levels beyond its direct inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Vrzalova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Vrzal
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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2
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Britz S, Luccardini C, Markert SM, Merrill SA, Bessereau JL, Stigloher C. Array tomography of in vivo labeled synaptic receptors. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 187:139-174. [PMID: 38705623 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Array tomography (AT) allows one to localize sub-cellular components within the structural context of cells in 3D through the imaging of serial sections. Using this technique, the z-resolution can be improved physically by cutting ultra-thin sections. Nevertheless, conventional immunofluorescence staining of those sections is time consuming and requires relatively large amounts of costly antibody solutions. Moreover, epitopes are only readily accessible at the section's surface, leaving the volume of the serial sections unlabeled. Localization of receptors at neuronal synapses in 3D in their native cellular ultrastructural context is important for understanding signaling processes. Here, we present in vivo labeling of receptors via fluorophore-coupled tags in combination with super-resolution AT. We present two workflows where we label receptors at the plasma membrane: first, in vivo labeling via microinjection with a setup consisting of readily available components and self-manufactured microscope table equipment and second, live receptor labeling by using a cell-permeable tag. To take advantage of a near-to-native preservation of tissues for subsequent scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we also apply high-pressure freezing and freeze substitution. The advantages and disadvantages of our workflows are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Britz
- Imaging Core Facility, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter of the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Camilla Luccardini
- Centre d'Imagerie Quantitative Lyon Est (CIQLE), SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UAR3453-INSERM US7, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sebastian M Markert
- Imaging Core Facility, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter of the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sean A Merrill
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jean-Louis Bessereau
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5284, INSERM U-1314, MeLiS, Institut NeuroMyoGene, Lyon, France
| | - Christian Stigloher
- Imaging Core Facility, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter of the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Würzburg, Germany.
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3
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Hashida R, Kawabata T. Structural Perspective of NR4A Nuclear Receptor Family and Their Potential Endogenous Ligands. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:580-590. [PMID: 38432913 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
There are 48 nuclear receptors in the human genome, and many members of this superfamily have been implicated in human diseases. The NR4A nuclear receptor family consisting of three members, NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3 (formerly annotated as Nur77, Nurr1, and NOR1, respectively), are still orphan receptors but exert pathological effects on immune-related and neurological diseases. We previously reported that prostaglandin A1 (PGA1) and prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) are potent activators of NR4A3, which bind directly to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the receptor. Recently, the co-crystallographic structures of NR4A2-LBD bound to PGA1 and PGA2 were reported, followed by reports of the neuroprotective effects of these possible endogenous ligands in mouse models of Parkinson's disease. Based on these structures, we modeled the binding structures of the other two members (NR4A1 and NR4A3) with these potential endogenous ligands using a template-based modeling method, and reviewed the similarity and diversity of ligand-binding mechanisms in the nuclear receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Hashida
- Genox Research Inc
- Department of Microbiology, Matsumoto Dental University
| | - Takeshi Kawabata
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University
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4
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Shen G, Liu D, Xu H, Wu J, Hou L, Yang C, Xia Q, Lin P. A Study on the Effect of Energy on the Development of Silkworm Embryos Using an Estrogen-Related Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14485. [PMID: 37833932 PMCID: PMC10572312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism is a fundamental process in all organisms. During silkworm (Bombyx mori) embryonic development, there is a high demand for energy due to continuous cell proliferation and differentiation. Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are transcriptional regulatory factors that play crucial roles in mammalian energy storage and expenditure. Although most insects have one ERR gene, it also participates in the regulation of energy metabolism, including carbohydrate metabolism in Drosophila, Aphid, and Silkworm. However, no study has reported the direct impact of energy metabolism on embryonic development in silkworms. In this study, we used transgenic technology to increase silkworm (B. mori; Bm) BmERR expression during embryonic development and explored the impact of energy on embryonic development. We found no significant change in the quality of silkworm eggs compared to that of wild-type silkworms. However, there was an increase in the consumption of vitellin, a major nutrient in embryos. This resulted in a decrease in glucose content and a significant increase in ATP content. These findings provide evidence that the acceleration of energy metabolism promotes embryonic development and enhances the motility of hatched silkworms. In addition, these results provide a novel perspective on the relationship between energy metabolism and embryonic development in other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingyou Xia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (G.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Ping Lin
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (G.S.); (D.L.)
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5
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Liang Y, Gong Y, Jiang Q, Yu Y, Zhang J. Environmental endocrine disruptors and pregnane X receptor action: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113976. [PMID: 37532173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a kind of orphan nuclear receptor activated by a series of ligands. Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are a wide class of molecules present in the environment that are suspected to have adverse effects on the endocrine system by interfering with the synthesis, transport, degradation, or action of endogenous hormones. Since EEDs may modulate human/rodent PXR, this review aims to summarize EEDs as PXR modulators, including agonists and antagonists. The modular structure of PXR is also described, interestingly, the pharmacology of PXR have been confirmed to vary among different species. Furthermore, PXR play a key role in the regulation of endocrine function. Endocrine disruption of EEDs via PXR and its related pathways are systematically summarized. In brief, this review may provide a way to understand the roles of EEDs in interaction with the nuclear receptors (such as PXR) and the related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yiyao Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Qiuyan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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6
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Tenório de Menezes YK, Eto C, de Oliveira J, Larson EC, Mendes DAGB, Dias GBM, Delgobo M, Gubernat AK, Gleim JL, Munari EL, Starick M, Ferreira F, Mansur DS, Costa DL, Scanga CA, Báfica A. The Endogenous Retinoic Acid Receptor Pathway Is Exploited by Mycobacterium tuberculosis during Infection, Both In Vitro and In Vivo. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:601-611. [PMID: 37395686 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a fundamental vitamin A metabolite involved in regulating immune responses through the nuclear RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor. While performing experiments using THP-1 cells as a model for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, we observed that serum-supplemented cultures displayed high levels of baseline RAR activation in the presence of live, but not heat-killed, bacteria, suggesting that M. tuberculosis robustly induces the endogenous RAR pathway. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we have further explored the role of endogenous RAR activity in M. tuberculosis infection through pharmacological inhibition of RARs. We found that M. tuberculosis induces classical RA response element genes such as CD38 and DHRS3 in both THP-1 cells and human primary CD14+ monocytes via a RAR-dependent pathway. M. tuberculosis-stimulated RAR activation was observed with conditioned media and required nonproteinaceous factor(s) present in FBS. Importantly, RAR blockade by (4-[(E)-2-[5,5-dimethyl-8-(2-phenylethynyl)-6H-naphthalen-2-yl]ethenyl]benzoic acid), a specific pan-RAR inverse agonist, in a low-dose murine model of tuberculosis significantly reduced SIGLEC-F+CD64+CD11c+high alveolar macrophages in the lungs, which correlated with 2× reduction in tissue mycobacterial burden. These results suggest that the endogenous RAR activation axis contributes to M. tuberculosis infection both in vitro and in vivo and reveal an opportunity for further investigation of new antituberculosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonne Karoline Tenório de Menezes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carolina Eto
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Joseana de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Erica C Larson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Daniel A G B Mendes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Greicy Brisa Malaquias Dias
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Murilo Delgobo
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Abigail K Gubernat
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Janelle L Gleim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eduarda Laís Munari
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marick Starick
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fabienne Ferreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniel Santos Mansur
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Diego L Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - André Báfica
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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7
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Chaltel-Lima L, Domínguez F, Domínguez-Ramírez L, Cortes-Hernandez P. The Role of the Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha (ERRa) in Hypoxia and Its Implications for Cancer Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097983. [PMID: 37175690 PMCID: PMC10178695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Under low oxygen conditions (hypoxia), cells activate survival mechanisms including metabolic changes and angiogenesis, which are regulated by HIF-1. The estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is a transcription factor with important roles in the regulation of cellular metabolism that is overexpressed in hypoxia, suggesting that it plays a role in cell survival in this condition. This review enumerates and analyses the recent evidence that points to the role of ERRα as a regulator of hypoxic genes, both in cooperation with HIF-1 and through HIF-1- independent mechanisms, in invertebrate and vertebrate models and in physiological and pathological scenarios. ERRα's functions during hypoxia include two mechanisms: (1) direct ERRα/HIF-1 interaction, which enhances HIF-1's transcriptional activity; and (2) transcriptional activation by ERRα of genes that are classical HIF-1 targets, such as VEGF or glycolytic enzymes. ERRα is thus gaining recognition for its prominent role in the hypoxia response, both in the presence and absence of HIF-1. In some models, ERRα prepares cells for hypoxia, with important clinical/therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Chaltel-Lima
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Fabiola Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco 74360, Mexico
| | - Lenin Domínguez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco 74360, Mexico
| | - Paulina Cortes-Hernandez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco 74360, Mexico
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8
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Potential Regulation of miRNA-29 and miRNA-9 by Estrogens in Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Insightful Perspective. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020243. [PMID: 36831786 PMCID: PMC9954655 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding a link between a hormone and microRNAs (miRNAs) is of great importance since it enables the adjustment of genetic composition or cellular functions without needing gene-level interventions. The dicer-mediated cleavage of precursor miRNAs is an interface link between miRNA and its regulators; any disruption in this process can affect neurogenesis. Besides, the hormonal regulation of miRNAs can occur at the molecular and cellular levels, both directly, through binding to the promoter elements of miRNAs, and indirectly, via regulation of the signaling effects of the post-transcriptional processing proteins. Estrogenic hormones have many roles in regulating miRNAs in the brain. This review discusses miRNAs, their detailed biogenesis, activities, and both the general and estrogen-dependent regulations. Additionally, we highlight the relationship between miR-29, miR-9, and estrogens in the nervous system. Such a relationship could be a possible etiological route for developing various neurodegenerative disorders.
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9
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Molecular Modeling of Allosteric Site of Isoform-Specific Inhibition of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor PPARγ. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111614. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor and controls a number of gene expressions. The ligand binding domain (LBD) of PPARγ is large and involves two binding sites: orthosteric and allosteric binding sites. Increased evidence has shown that PPARγ is an oncogene and thus the PPARγ antagonists have potential as anticancer agents. In this paper, we use Glide Dock approach to determine which binding site, orthosteric or allosteric, would be a preferred pocket for PPARγ antagonist binding, though antidiabetic drugs such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs) bind to the orthosteric site. The Glide Dock results show that the binding of PPARγ antagonists at the allosteric site yielded results that were much closer to the experimental data than at the orthosteric site. The PPARγ antagonists seem to selectively bind to residues Lys265, Ser342 and Arg288 at the allosteric binding site, whereas PPARγ agonists would selectively bind to residues Leu228, Phe363, and His449, though Phe282 and Lys367 may also play a role for agonist binding at the orthosteric binding pocket. This finding will provide new perspectives in the design and optimization of selective and potent PPARγ antagonists or agonists.
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10
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Jimeno-Martín A, Sousa E, Brocal-Ruiz R, Daroqui N, Maicas M, Flames N. Joint actions of diverse transcription factor families establish neuron-type identities and promote enhancer selectivity. Genome Res 2022; 32:459-473. [PMID: 35074859 PMCID: PMC8896470 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275623.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To systematically investigate the complexity of neuron specification regulatory networks, we performed an RNA interference (RNAi) screen against all 875 transcription factors (TFs) encoded in Caenorhabditis elegans genome and searched for defects in nine different neuron types of the monoaminergic (MA) superclass and two cholinergic motoneurons. We identified 91 TF candidates to be required for correct generation of these neuron types, of which 28 were confirmed by mutant analysis. We found that correct reporter expression in each individual neuron type requires at least nine different TFs. Individual neuron types do not usually share TFs involved in their specification but share a common pattern of TFs belonging to the five most common TF families: homeodomain (HD), basic helix loop helix (bHLH), zinc finger (ZF), basic leucine zipper domain (bZIP), and nuclear hormone receptors (NHR). HD TF members are overrepresented, supporting a key role for this family in the establishment of neuronal identities. These five TF families are also prevalent when considering mutant alleles with previously reported neuronal phenotypes in C. elegans, Drosophila, and mouse. In addition, we studied terminal differentiation complexity focusing on the dopaminergic terminal regulatory program. We found two HD TFs (UNC-62 and VAB-3) that work together with known dopaminergic terminal selectors (AST-1, CEH-43, CEH-20). Combined TF binding sites for these five TFs constitute a cis-regulatory signature enriched in the regulatory regions of dopaminergic effector genes. Our results provide new insights on neuron-type regulatory programs in C. elegans that could help better understand neuron specification and evolution of neuron types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Jimeno-Martín
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia IBV-CSIC, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Erick Sousa
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia IBV-CSIC, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Rebeca Brocal-Ruiz
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia IBV-CSIC, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Noemi Daroqui
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia IBV-CSIC, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Miren Maicas
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia IBV-CSIC, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Nuria Flames
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia IBV-CSIC, Valencia, 46010, Spain
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11
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PXR mediates mifepristone-induced hepatomegaly in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:146-156. [PMID: 33782543 PMCID: PMC8724318 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mifepristone (Mif), an effective synthetic steroidal antiprogesterone drug, is widely used for medical abortion and pregnancy prevention. Due to its anti-glucocorticoid effect, high-dose Mif is also used to treat Cushing's syndrome. Mif was reported to active pregnane X receptor (PXR) in vitro and PXR can induce hepatomegaly via activation and interaction with yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway. High-dose Mif was reported to induce hepatomegaly in rats and mice, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, the role of PXR was studied in Mif-induced hepatomegaly in C57BL/6 mice and Pxr-knockout mice. The results demonstrated that high-dose Mif (100 mg · kg-1 · d-1, i.p.) treatment for 5 days significantly induced hepatomegaly with enlarged hepatocytes and promoted proliferation, but low dose of Mif (5 mg · kg-1 · d-1, i.p.) cannot induce hepatomegaly. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assays showed that Mif can activate human PXR in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, Mif could promote nuclear translocation of PXR and YAP, and significantly induced the expression of PXR, YAP, and their target proteins such as CYP3A11, CYP2B10, UGT1A1, ANKRD, and CTGF. However, Mif (100 mg · kg-1 · d-1, i.p.) failed to induce hepatomegaly in Pxr-knockout mice, as well as hepatocyte enlargement and proliferation, further indicating that Mif-induced hepatomegaly is PXR-dependent. In summary, this study demonstrated that PXR-mediated Mif-induced hepatomegaly in mice probably via activation of YAP pathway. This study provides new insights in Mif-induced hepatomegaly, and provides novel evidence on the crucial function of PXR in liver enlargement and regeneration.
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12
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Chen L, Shi H, Wang X, Wang T, Wang Y, Wu Z, Zhang W, Chen H, Zhong M, Mao X, Shi X, Li Q. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma (HNF4G) is correlated with poor prognosis and promotes tumor cell growth by inhibiting caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 916:174727. [PMID: 34965388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma (HNF4G), a member of orphan nuclear receptors, is up-regulated and functions as an oncoprotein in a variety of tumors. Recent advances in understanding the biologic function and action mechanism of HNF4G in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we observed that HNF4G expression levels were significantly increased in CRC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and HNF4G overexpression correlated with worse prognosis in colorectal cancer. Transfection with a small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting HNF4G in HCT116 and SW480 CRC cell lines significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in vitro. In contrast, overexpression of HNF4G increased cell proliferation and decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells. Moreover, we discovered that HNF4G was involved in CRC cell apoptosis via the caspase-dependent intrinsic pathway. Finally, knockdown of HNF4G expression led to attenuated colorectal cancer growth and promoted apoptosis in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, these results indicate that HNF4G exerts as an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer and provides a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huanying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xinhai Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zimei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mingkang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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13
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Feller FM, Holert J, Yücel O, Philipp B. Degradation of Bile Acids by Soil and Water Bacteria. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1759. [PMID: 34442838 PMCID: PMC8399759 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are surface-active steroid compounds with a C5 carboxylic side chain at the steroid nucleus. They are produced by vertebrates, mainly functioning as emulsifiers for lipophilic nutrients, as signaling compounds, and as an antimicrobial barrier in the duodenum. Upon excretion into soil and water, bile acids serve as carbon- and energy-rich growth substrates for diverse heterotrophic bacteria. Metabolic pathways for the degradation of bile acids are predominantly studied in individual strains of the genera Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Sphingobium, Azoarcus, and Rhodococcus. Bile acid degradation is initiated by oxidative reactions of the steroid skeleton at ring A and degradation of the carboxylic side chain before the steroid nucleus is broken down into central metabolic intermediates for biomass and energy production. This review summarizes the current biochemical and genetic knowledge on aerobic and anaerobic degradation of bile acids by soil and water bacteria. In addition, ecological and applied aspects are addressed, including resistance mechanisms against the toxic effects of bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Maria Feller
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.M.F.); (J.H.); (O.Y.)
| | - Johannes Holert
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.M.F.); (J.H.); (O.Y.)
| | - Onur Yücel
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.M.F.); (J.H.); (O.Y.)
| | - Bodo Philipp
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.M.F.); (J.H.); (O.Y.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
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14
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Wu W, LoVerde PT. Identification and evolution of nuclear receptors in Platyhelminths. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250750. [PMID: 34388160 PMCID: PMC8363021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first complete set of Platyhelminth nuclear receptors (NRs) from Schistosoma mansoni were identified a decade ago, more flatworm genome data is available to identify their NR complement and to analyze the evolutionary relationship of Platyhelminth NRs. NRs are important transcriptional modulators that regulate development, differentiation and reproduction of animals. In this study, NRs are identified in genome databases of thirty-three species including in all Platyhelminth classes (Rhabditophora, Monogenea, Cestoda and Trematoda). Phylogenetic analysis shows that NRs in Platyhelminths follow two different evolutionary lineages: 1) NRs in a free-living freshwater flatworm (Schmidtea mediterranea) and all parasitic flatworms share the same evolutionary lineage with extensive gene loss. 2) NRs in a free-living intertidal zone flatworm (Macrostomum lignano) follow a different evolutionary lineage with a feature of multiple gene duplication and gene divergence. The DNA binding domain (DBD) is the most conserved region in NRs which contains two C4-type zinc finger motifs. A novel zinc finger motif is identified in parasitic flatworm NRs: the second zinc finger of parasitic Platyhelminth HR96b possesses a CHC2 motif which is not found in NRs of all other animals studied to date. In this study, novel NRs (members of NR subfamily 3 and 6) are identified in flatworms, this result demonstrates that members of all six classical NR subfamilies are present in the Platyhelminth phylum. NR gene duplication, loss and divergence in Platyhelminths are analyzed along with the evolutionary relationship of Platyhelminth NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Philip T. LoVerde
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Dvorak V, Wiedmer T, Ingles-Prieto A, Altermatt P, Batoulis H, Bärenz F, Bender E, Digles D, Dürrenberger F, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP, Kell DB, Kickinger S, Körzö D, Leippe P, Licher T, Manolova V, Rizzetto R, Sassone F, Scarabottolo L, Schlessinger A, Schneider V, Sijben HJ, Steck AL, Sundström H, Tremolada S, Wilhelm M, Wright Muelas M, Zindel D, Steppan CM, Superti-Furga G. An Overview of Cell-Based Assay Platforms for the Solute Carrier Family of Transporters. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:722889. [PMID: 34447313 PMCID: PMC8383457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) superfamily represents the biggest family of transporters with important roles in health and disease. Despite being attractive and druggable targets, the majority of SLCs remains understudied. One major hurdle in research on SLCs is the lack of tools, such as cell-based assays to investigate their biological role and for drug discovery. Another challenge is the disperse and anecdotal information on assay strategies that are suitable for SLCs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art cellular assay technologies for SLC research and discusses relevant SLC characteristics enabling the choice of an optimal assay technology. The Innovative Medicines Initiative consortium RESOLUTE intends to accelerate research on SLCs by providing the scientific community with high-quality reagents, assay technologies and data sets, and to ultimately unlock SLCs for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Dvorak
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tabea Wiedmer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alvaro Ingles-Prieto
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Helena Batoulis
- Drug Discovery Sciences–Lead Discovery, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Felix Bärenz
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bender
- Drug Discovery Sciences–Lead Discovery, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Daniela Digles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Laura H. Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Kickinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Körzö
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Leippe
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Licher
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vanessa Schneider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert J. Sijben
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Marina Wright Muelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Zindel
- Drug Discovery Sciences–Lead Discovery, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Claire M. Steppan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Groton, MA, United States
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Jonathan MC, Adrián SH, Gonzalo A. Type II nuclear receptors with potential role in Alzheimer disease. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 78:100940. [PMID: 33397589 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that can modulated cellular processes involved in the development, homeostasis, cell proliferation, metabolism, and reproduction through the control of the specific genetic and molecular program. In the central nervous system, they are key regulators of neural stem cell fate decisions and can modulate the physiology of different brain cells. Over the past decades, a large body of evidence has supported that nuclear receptors are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, the most common dementia worldwide, and the main cause of disability in later life. This disease is characterized by the progressive accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides and hyperphosphorylated tau protein that can explain alterations in synaptic transmission and plasticity; loss of dendritic spines; increased in reactive microglia and inflammation; reduction of neuronal stem cells number; myelin and vascular alterations that finally leads to increased neuronal death. Here, we present a review of type II no steroidal nuclear receptors that form obligatory heterodimers with the Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and its potential in the therapeutic of AD. Activation of type II nuclear receptor by synthetic agonist leads to transcriptional regulation of specific genes that acts counteracting against the detrimental effects of amyloid-beta peptides and hyperphosphorylated tau in neuronal cells recovering the functionality of the synapses. But also, activation of type II nuclear receptor leads to modifications in APP metabolism, repression of inflammatory cascade and inductors of the generation of neuronal stem cells and progenitor cells supporting its potential therapeutics role for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muñoz-Cabrera Jonathan
- Grupo de Neurociencias y Muerte Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandoval-Hernández Adrián
- Grupo de Neurociencias y Muerte Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Arboleda Gonzalo
- Grupo de Neurociencias y Muerte Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
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17
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Cong Y, Yang H, Zhang P, Xie Y, Cao X, Zhang L. Transcriptome Analysis of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in Acidic Stress Environments. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1107. [PMID: 33013473 PMCID: PMC7511720 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification and acid rain, caused by modern industries' fossil fuel burning, lead to a decrease in the living environmental pH, which results in a series of negative effects on many organisms. However, the underlying mechanisms of animals' response to acidic pH stress are largely unknown. In this study, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model to explore the regulatory mechanisms of organisms' response to pH decline. Two major stress-responsive pathways were found through transcriptome analysis in acidic stress environments. First, when the pH dropped from 6.33 to 4.33, the worms responded to the pH stress by upregulation of the col, nas, and dpy genes, which are required for cuticle synthesis and structure integrity. Second, when the pH continued to decrease from 4.33, the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathway genes (cyp, gst, ugt, and ABC transporters) played a major role in protecting the nematodes from the toxic substances probably produced by the more acidic environment. At the same time, the slowing down of cuticle synthesis might be due to its insufficient protective ability. Moreover, the systematic regulation pattern we found in nematodes might also be applied to other invertebrate and vertebrate animals to survive in the changing pH environments. Thus, our data might lay the foundation to identify the master gene(s) responding and adapting to acidic pH stress in further studies, and might also provide new solutions to improve assessment and monitoring of ecological restoration outcomes, or generate novel genotypes via genome editing for restoring in challenging environments especially in the context of acidic stress through global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Cong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanwen Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengchi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yusu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuwen Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liusuo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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18
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Bartolo G, Gonzalez LO, Alameh S, Valencia CA, Martchenko Shilman M. Identification of glucocorticoid receptor in Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:161. [PMID: 32539689 PMCID: PMC7296755 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertebrate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is an evolutionary-conserved cortisol-regulated nuclear receptor that controls key metabolic and developmental pathways. Upon binding to cortisol, GR acts as an immunosuppressive transcription factor. Drosophila melanogaster, a model organism to study innate immunity, can also be immunosuppressed by glucocorticoids. However, while the genome of fruit fly harbors 18 nuclear receptor genes, the functional homolog of vertebrate GR has not been identified. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that while D. melanogaster is susceptible to Saccharomyces cerevisiae oral infection, the oral exposure to cortisol analogs, cortisone acetate or estrogen, increases fly sensitivity to yeast challenge. To understand the mechanism of this steroid-induced immunosuppression, we identified the closest genetic GR homolog as D. melanogaster Estrogen Related Receptor (ERR) gene. We discovered that Drosophila ERR is necessary for cortisone acetate- and estrogen-mediated increase in sensitivity to fungal infection: while ERR mutant flies are as sensitive to the fungal challenge as the wildtype flies, the yeast-sensitivity of ERR mutants is not increased by these steroids. Interestingly, the fungal cortisone analog, ergosterol, did not increase the susceptibility of Drosophila to yeast infection. The immunosuppressive effect of steroids on the sensitivity of flies to fungi is evolutionary conserved in insects, as we show that estrogen significantly increases the yeast-sensitivity of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, whose genome contains a close ortholog of the fly ERR gene. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies a D. melanogaster gene that structurally resembles vertebrate GR and is functionally necessary for the steroid-mediated immunosuppression to fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Bartolo
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Leandra O Gonzalez
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Saleem Alameh
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - C Alexander Valencia
- Aperiomics, Inc., Sterling, VA, 20166, USA
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 W Grandview Blvd, Erie, PA, 16509, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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19
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C. elegans protein interaction network analysis probes RNAi validated pro-longevity effect of nhr-6, a human homolog of tumor suppressor Nr4a1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15711. [PMID: 31673088 PMCID: PMC6823380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) studies are gaining momentum these days due to the plethora of various high-throughput experimental methods available for detecting PPIs. Proteins create complexes and networks by functioning in harmony with other proteins and here in silico network biology hold the promise to reveal new functionality of genes as it is very difficult and laborious to carry out experimental high-throughput genetic screens in living organisms. We demonstrate this approach by computationally screening C. elegans conserved homologs of already reported human tumor suppressor and aging associated genes. We select by this nhr-6, vab-3 and gst-23 as predicted longevity genes for RNAi screen. The RNAi results demonstrated the pro-longevity effect of these genes. Nuclear hormone receptor nhr-6 RNAi inhibition resulted in a C. elegans phenotype of 23.46% lifespan reduction. Moreover, we show that nhr-6 regulates oxidative stress resistance in worms and does not affect the feeding behavior of worms. These findings imply the potential of nhr-6 as a common therapeutic target for aging and cancer ailments, stressing the power of in silico PPI network analysis coupled with RNAi screens to describe gene function.
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20
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In S, Yoon HW, Yoo JW, Cho H, Kim RO, Lee YM. Acute toxicity of bisphenol A and its structural analogues and transcriptional modulation of the ecdysone-mediated pathway in the brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:310-317. [PMID: 31030948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a representative endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) that has estrogenic effects in aquatic animals. In recent years, due to the continuing usage of BPA, its analogues have been developed as alternative substances to replace its use. The molting process is a pivotal point in the development and reproduction of crustaceans. However, studies of the effects of EDCs on molting in crustaceans at the molecular level are scarce. In the present study, we examined the acute toxicity of BPA and its analogues bisphenol F (BPF) and S (BPS) to the brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis. We further identified four ecdysteroid pathway - related genes (cyp314a1, EcRA, EcRB, and USP) in D. celebensis, and investigated the transcriptional modulation of these genes during molting and after exposure to BPA and its analogues for 48 h. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed that these four genes are highly conserved among arthropods and may be involved in development and reproduction in the adult stage. The mRNA expression patterns of cyp314a1, EcRA and USP were matched with the molting cycle, suggesting that these genes play a role in the molting process in the adult stage in cladocerans. Following relative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses, BPA and its analogues were found to modulate the expression of each of these four genes differently, indicating that these compounds can disrupt the normal endocrine system function of D. celebensis. This study improves our understanding of the molecular mode of action of BPA and its analogues in D. celebensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon In
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Yoon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Yoo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Cho
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Ok Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea.
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21
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An excreted small molecule promotes C. elegans reproductive development and aging. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:838-845. [PMID: 31320757 PMCID: PMC6650165 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Excreted small-molecule signals can bias developmental trajectories and physiology in diverse animal species. However, the chemical identity of these signals remains largely obscure. Here we report identification of an unusual N-acylated glutamine derivative, nacq#1, that accelerates reproductive development and shortens lifespan in C. elegans. Produced predominantly by C. elegans males, nacq#1 hastens onset of sexual maturity in hermaphrodites by promoting exit from the larval dauer diapause and by accelerating late larval development. Even at picomolar concentrations, nacq#1 shortens hermaphrodite lifespan, suggesting a trade-off between reproductive investment and longevity. Acceleration of development by nacq#1 requires chemosensation and depends on three homologs of vertebrate steroid hormone receptors. Unlike ascaroside pheromones, which are restricted to nematodes, fatty acylated amino acid derivatives similar to nacq#1 have been reported from humans and invertebrates, suggesting that related compounds may serve signaling functions throughout Metazoa.
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22
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Rahe DP, Hobert O. Restriction of Cellular Plasticity of Differentiated Cells Mediated by Chromatin Modifiers, Transcription Factors and Protein Kinases. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:2287-2302. [PMID: 31088904 PMCID: PMC6643894 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of master regulatory transcription factors can reprogram the identity of specific cell types. The effectiveness of such induced cellular reprogramming is generally greatly reduced if the cellular substrates are fully differentiated cells. For example, in the nematode C. elegans, the ectopic expression of a neuronal identity-inducing transcription factor, CHE-1, can effectively induce CHE-1 target genes in immature cells but not in fully mature non-neuronal cells. To understand the molecular basis of this progressive restriction of cellular plasticity, we screened for C. elegans mutants in which ectopically expressed CHE-1 is able to induce neuronal effector genes in epidermal cells. We identified a ubiquitin hydrolase, usp-48, that restricts cellular plasticity with a notable cellular specificity. Even though we find usp-48 to be very broadly expressed in all tissue types, usp-48 null mutants specifically make epidermal cells susceptible to CHE-1-mediated activation of neuronal target genes. We screened for additional genes that allow epidermal cells to be at least partially reprogrammed by ectopic che-1 expression and identified many additional proteins that restrict cellular plasticity of epidermal cells, including a chromatin-related factor (H3K79 methyltransferase, DOT-1.1), a transcription factor (nuclear hormone receptor NHR-48), two MAPK-type protein kinases (SEK-1 and PMK-1), a nuclear localized O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT-1) and a member of large family of nuclear proteins related to the Rb-associated LIN-8 chromatin factor. These findings provide novel insights into the control of cellular plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan P Rahe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Oliver Hobert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY
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23
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Wang F, Wang H, Wu Y, Wang L, Zhang L, Ye X, Peng D, Chen W. Activation of Pregnane X Receptor-Cytochrome P450s Axis: A Possible Reason for the Enhanced Accelerated Blood Clearance Phenomenon of PEGylated Liposomes In Vivo. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:785-793. [PMID: 31118196 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that repeated injection of PEGylated liposomes (PEG-L) at certain intervals to the same rat lead to the disappearance of their long-circulation properties, referred to as the "accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon". Evidence from our recent studies suggested that cytochrome P450s (P450s) contribute to induction of the ABC phenomenon, a possibility that had been previously ignored. However, few details are known about the mechanism for induction of P450s. The present study was undertaken to investigate the roles in the ABC phenomenon of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), the major upstream transcriptional regulators of the P450 genes, including CYP3A1, CYP2C6, and CYP1A2. The results demonstrated that expression of rat PXR and CAR was significantly increased in the ABC phenomenon and was accompanied by elevated CYP3A1, CYP2C6, and CYP1A2 levels. Further findings revealed that PXR but not CAR protein was substantially upregulated in the hepatocyte nucleus, together with marked nuclear colocalization of the PXR-retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) transcriptionally active heterodimer, indicating that nuclear translocation of PXR was induced in the ABC phenomenon, whereas nuclear translocation of CAR was not observed. Notably, pretreatment with the specific PXR inducer dexamethasone significantly induced accelerated systemic clearance of the subsequent injection of PEG-L, associating with increased nuclear colocalization of PXR-RXRα These results revealed that the induction of P450s in the ABC phenomenon may be attributable largely to the activation of PXR induced by sequential injections of PEG-L, thus confirming the crucial involvement of the PXR-P450s axis in promoting the ABC phenomenon. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The results of this study revealed that the induction of P450s in the ABC phenomenon may be largely attributable to the activation of PXR induced by sequential injections of PEG-L, thus confirming the crucial involvement of the PXR-P450s axis in promoting the ABC phenomenon. The data may help to extend our insights into 1) the role of P450s, which are regulated by the liver-enriched nuclear receptor PXR, in the ABC phenomenon, and 2) the therapeutic potential of targeting the PXR-P450 axis for reducing the magnitude of the ABC phenomenon in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism (F.W., H.W., Y.W., L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.) and Institute of Pharmaceutics (W.C.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China (L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.); and Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei, China (D.P., W.C.)
| | - Huihui Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism (F.W., H.W., Y.W., L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.) and Institute of Pharmaceutics (W.C.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China (L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.); and Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei, China (D.P., W.C.)
| | - Yifan Wu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism (F.W., H.W., Y.W., L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.) and Institute of Pharmaceutics (W.C.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China (L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.); and Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei, China (D.P., W.C.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism (F.W., H.W., Y.W., L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.) and Institute of Pharmaceutics (W.C.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China (L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.); and Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei, China (D.P., W.C.)
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism (F.W., H.W., Y.W., L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.) and Institute of Pharmaceutics (W.C.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China (L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.); and Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei, China (D.P., W.C.)
| | - Xi Ye
- Institute of Drug Metabolism (F.W., H.W., Y.W., L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.) and Institute of Pharmaceutics (W.C.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China (L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.); and Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei, China (D.P., W.C.)
| | - Daiyin Peng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism (F.W., H.W., Y.W., L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.) and Institute of Pharmaceutics (W.C.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China (L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.); and Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei, China (D.P., W.C.)
| | - Weidong Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism (F.W., H.W., Y.W., L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.) and Institute of Pharmaceutics (W.C.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China (L.W., L.Z., D.P., W.C.); and Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei, China (D.P., W.C.)
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Leopold Wager CM, Arnett E, Schlesinger LS. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and macrophage nuclear receptors: What we do and don't know. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 116S:S98-S106. [PMID: 31060958 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that are expressed in a wide variety of cells and play a major role in lipid signaling. NRs are key regulators of immune and metabolic functions in macrophages and are linked to macrophage responses to microbial pathogens. Pathogens are also known to induce the expression of specific NRs to promote their own survival. In this review, we focus on the NRs recently shown to influence macrophage responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We provide an overview of NR-controlled transcriptional activity and regulation of macrophage activation. We also discuss in detail the contribution of specific NRs to macrophage responses to M.tb, including influence on macrophage phenotype, cell signaling, and cellular metabolism. We pay particular attention to PPARγ since it is required for differentiation of alveolar macrophages, an important niche for M.tb, and its role during M.tb infection is becoming increasingly appreciated. Research into NRs and M.tb is still in its early stages, therefore continuing to advance our understanding of the complex interactions between M.tb and macrophage NRs may reveal the potential of NRs as pharmacological targets for the treatment of tuberculosis.
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25
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Leopold Wager CM, Arnett E, Schlesinger LS. Macrophage nuclear receptors: Emerging key players in infectious diseases. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007585. [PMID: 30897154 PMCID: PMC6428245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that are expressed in a variety of cells, including macrophages. For decades, NRs have been therapeutic targets because their activity can be pharmacologically modulated by specific ligands and small molecule inhibitors. NRs regulate a variety of processes, including those intersecting metabolic and immune functions, and have been studied in regard to various autoimmune diseases. However, the complex roles of NRs in host response to infection are only recently being investigated. The NRs peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and liver X receptors (LXRs) have been most studied in the context of infectious diseases; however, recent work has also linked xenobiotic pregnane X receptors (PXRs), vitamin D receptor (VDR), REV-ERBα, the nuclear receptor 4A (NR4A) family, farnesoid X receptors (FXRs), and estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) to macrophage responses to pathogens. Pharmacological inhibition or antagonism of certain NRs can greatly influence overall disease outcome, and NRs that are protective against some diseases can lead to susceptibility to others. Targeting NRs as a novel host-directed treatment approach to infectious diseases appears to be a viable option, considering that these transcription factors play a pivotal role in macrophage lipid metabolism, cholesterol efflux, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and production of antimicrobial byproducts. In the current review, we discuss recent findings concerning the role of NRs in infectious diseases with an emphasis on PPARγ and LXR, the two most studied. We also highlight newer work on the activity of emerging NRs during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eusondia Arnett
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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26
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Bovier TF, Rossi S, Mita DG, Digilio FA. Effects of the synthetic estrogen 17-α-ethinylestradiol on Drosophila melanogaster: Dose and gender dependence. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:625-632. [PMID: 30036827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
17-a-ethinylestradiol (EE2) belongs to the increasing list of Endocrine Disruptors Chemicals (EDCs), able to interfere with the endocrine system in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Regardless of its great dispersion in the environment, to date there is still little knowledge about its action mechanisms and harmful effects in invertebrates. To better evaluate its potential role in invertebrates, we used the model system Drosophila melanogaster, an insect in which the hormonal response has been widely described. The effects of EE2 in D.melanogaster adults have been evaluated by using life traits as well as molecular endpoints. It was found that EE2 significantly decreases survival and fertility in both sexes, with a higher effect in female flies, as well as affects the expression of the Ecdysone Receptor (EcR), Estrogen Related Receptor (ERR), Yolk protein2 (Yp2) and yolkless (yl) genes. In conclusion, our results suggest that EE2 treatment may have potential toxic and endocrine effects on Drosophila melanogaster adults of both sexes. In particular, our data provide an indication that, after EE2 treatment, two of the genes involved in the vitellogenesis process (yl and Yp2) are transcribed in adult males where are mostly silent, and suggest future studies forward their use as potential molecular markers to EDCs exposure in Drosophila male.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "ABT" - CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Damiano Gustavo Mita
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "ABT" - CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors of Interuniversity Consortium INBB - CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Filomena Anna Digilio
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources - CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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27
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MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma maintains an aggressive and undifferentiated phenotype by deregulation of estrogen and NGF signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1229-E1238. [PMID: 29374092 PMCID: PMC5819392 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1710901115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma (NB), a cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, is challenging to treat. MYCN is frequently amplified in high-risk NB and is linked to an undifferentiated phenotype and poor prognosis. Estrogen and nerve growth factor (NGF) are inducers of neural differentiation, a process associated with a favorable disease. We show that MYCN suppresses estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and thereby NGF signaling and neural differentiation. ERα overexpression is sufficient to interfere with different tumorigenic processes and tumor growth. In patients with NB, ERα expression correlates with several clinical markers for good prognosis. Importantly, not only ERα but also the majority of other nuclear hormone receptors are linked to favorable NB, suggesting a potential prognostic and therapeutic value for these proteins. Neuroblastoma (NB) is a remarkably heterogenic childhood tumor of the sympathetic nervous system with clinical behavior ranging from spontaneous regression to poorly differentiated tumors and metastasis. MYCN is amplified in 20% of cases and correlates with an undifferentiated, aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors TrkA and p75NTR are involved in neuronal differentiation and survival. We have previously shown that MYCN, via miR-18a, targets ERα in NB cells. Here, we demonstrate that interference with miR-18a or overexpression of ERα is sufficient to induce NGF signaling and to modulate both basal and NGF-induced neuronal differentiation in MYCN-amplified NB cells. Proteomic analysis confirmed an increase of neuronal features and showed that processes linked to tumor initiation and progression were inhibited upon ERα overexpression. Indeed, ectopic ERα expression was sufficient to inhibit metabolic activity and tumorigenic processes, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, cell viability, migration, and anchorage independent growth. Importantly, ERα overexpression reduced tumor burden in NB mouse models and high ERα levels were linked to improved survival in patients. In addition to ERα, several other nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs), including the glucocorticoid and the retinoic acid receptors, correlated with clinical markers for favorable and low-stage NB disease. Our data suggest that MYCN targets ERα and thereby NGF signaling to maintain an undifferentiated and aggressive phenotype. Notably, we identified the estrogen–NGF crosstalk, as well as a set of other NHRs, as potential prognostic markers and targets for therapeutic strategies against NB.
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Wang J, Zhang J, Xu L, Zheng Y, Ling D, Yang Z. Expression of HNF4G and its potential functions in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:18018-18028. [PMID: 29719587 PMCID: PMC5915054 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma (HNF4G), a member of orphan nuclear receptors, is up-regulated and functions as an oncoprotein in bladder cancer. In the present study, we observed that HNF4G expression was elevated in lung cancer tissues as compared to adjacent normal lung tissues. The expression of HNF4G protein was correlated with the tumor size and the prognosis of patients. Transfection with a small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting HNF4G in two lung cancer cell lines (H358 and H292 cells) significantly inhibited cell proliferation via arresting cells at G1 phase and inducing cell apoptosis. In addition, HNF4G siRNA reduced cell proliferation in a xenograft tumor-bearing model. Moreover, A549 cells, which had relative lower level of HNF4G, were ectopic expressed with HNF4G and treated with an AKT inhibitor (MK-2206). MK-2206 exposure not only attenuated the promoting effects of HNF4G overexpression on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, but also suppressed the inhibitory effects of HNF4G overexpression on cell apoptosis. These data suggested that AKT signaling pathway was a potential upstream mediator of HNF4G. Collectively, our data indicate that HNF4G exerts as an oncogenic role in lung cancer by promoting cell proliferation and that HNF4G expression is a potential prognosis factor for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Chest Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Longsheng Xu
- Department of Central laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Central laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Danyan Ling
- Department of Cell Division, Shanghai Emay Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Department of Oncology (04-F-14), The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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Kim DH, Kim HS, Hwang DS, Kim HJ, Hagiwara A, Lee JS, Jeong CB. Genome-wide identification of nuclear receptor (NR) genes and the evolutionary significance of the NR1O subfamily in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus spp. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 252:219-225. [PMID: 28673513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a large family of transcription factors that are involved in many fundamental biological processes. NRs are considered to have originated from a common ancestor, and are highly conserved throughout the whole animal taxa. Therefore, the genome-wide identification of NR genes in an animal taxon can provide insight into the evolutionary tendencies of NRs. Here, we identified all the NR genes in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus spp., which are considered an ecologically key species due to their abundance and world-wide distribution. The NR family was composed of 40, 32, 29, and 32 genes in the genomes of the rotifers B. calyciflorus, B. koreanus, B. plicatilis, and B. rotundiformis, respectively, which were classified into seven distinct subfamilies. The composition of each subfamily was highly conserved between species, except for NR1O genes, suggesting that they have undergone sporadic evolutionary processes for adaptation to their different environmental pressures. In addition, despite the dynamics of NR evolution, the significance of the conserved endocrine system, particularly for estrogen receptor (ER)-signaling, in rotifers was discussed on the basis of phylogenetic analyses. The results of this study may help provide a better understanding the evolution of NRs, and expand our knowledge of rotifer endocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hui-Su Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Hwang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Bozzolan F, Durand N, Demondion E, Bourgeois T, Gassias E, Debernard S. Evidence for a role of oestrogen receptor-related receptor in the regulation of male sexual behaviour in the moth Agrotis ipsilon. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:403-413. [PMID: 28370607 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The oestrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) are orphan nuclear receptors that were originally identified on the basis of their close homology to the oestrogen receptors. The three mammalian ERR genes participate in the regulation of vital physiological processes including reproduction, development and metabolic homeostasis. Although unique ERRs have been found in insects, data on the function and regulation of these receptors remain sparse. In the present study, a 2095-bp full-length cDNA encoding an ERR, termed AiERR, was isolated from males of the moth Agrotis ipsilon and deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number KT944662. The predicted AiERR protein shared an overall identity of 47-82% with other known insect and mammalian ERR homologues. AiERR exhibited a broad tissue expression pattern with the detection of one transcript of approximately 2 kb in the primary olfactory centres, the antennal lobes (AL). In adult males, the amount of AiERR mRNA in the AL increased concomitantly with age and responses to the female-emitted sex pheromone. Moreover, AiERR knockdown induced an inhibition in the sex pheromone-orientated flight of male. Using A. ipsilon as a model, our study demonstrates that the insect ERR is critical for the performance of male sexual behaviour, probably by acting on central pheromone processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bozzolan
- UMR 1392, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Département d'Ecologie Sensorielle, Université Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - N Durand
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - E Demondion
- UMR 1392, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Département d'Ecologie Sensorielle, INRA, Versailles, France
| | - T Bourgeois
- UMR 1392, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Département d'Ecologie Sensorielle, INRA, Versailles, France
| | - E Gassias
- Institut de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Debernard
- UMR 1392, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Département d'Ecologie Sensorielle, Université Paris VI, Paris, France
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31
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Lažetić V, Fay DS. Molting in C. elegans. WORM 2017; 6:e1330246. [PMID: 28702275 DOI: 10.1080/21624054.2017.1330246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Molting is an essential developmental process for the majority of animal species on Earth. During the molting process, which is a specialized form of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, the old apical ECM, or cuticle, is replaced with a new one. Many of the genes and pathways identified as important for molting in nematodes are highly conserved in vertebrates and include regulators and components of vesicular trafficking, steroid-hormone signaling, developmental timers, and hedgehog-like signaling. In this review, we discuss what is known about molting, with a focus on studies in Caenorhabditis elegans. We also describe the key structural elements of the cuticle that must be released, newly synthesized, or remodeled for proper molting to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lažetić
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - David S Fay
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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32
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Mulligan C, Kondakala S, Yang EJ, Stokes JV, Stewart JA, Kaplan BLF, Howell GE. Exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of organochlorine compounds and polychlorinated biphenyls Promotes hepatic steatosis in male Ob/Ob mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1399-1411. [PMID: 27533883 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. While obesity and type 2 diabetes are well-established risk factors in the development of hepatic steatosis, recent studies have revealed exposure to mixtures of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which are environmental contaminants in various fatty foods, can promote steatosis. Thus, the present study was designed to determine if exposure to a defined mixture of prevalent polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides or their metabolites promote hepatic steatosis in a genetically induced model of type 2 diabetes, the leptin-deficient ob/ob mouse. Male C57BL/6J wild type (WT) or ob/ob mice were administered an environmentally relevant mixture of PCBs and OCs for 7 weeks via oral gavage. Exposure to POPs did not significantly alter fasting serum glucose or insulin levels. However, POPs exposure significantly increased hepatic triglyceride content in ob/ob animals, while decreasing serum triglyceride levels. This POPs-mediated increase in hepatic triglyceride content did not appear to be associated with significantly increased inflammation in either the liver or adipose. Exposure to POPs significantly induced the expression of cytochrome P450 3a11 in WT animals, yet the expression of this cytochrome was significantly downregulated in ob/ob animals regardless of POPs exposure. Taken together, the present data indicate exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of both PCBs and OC pesticides in ob/ob mice promotes hepatic steatosis while decreasing hypertriglyceridemia, which demonstrates exposure to a defined mixture of POPs alters systemic lipid metabolism in a genetically induced model of obesity and type 2 diabetes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1399-1411, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlee Mulligan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762
| | - Sandeep Kondakala
- Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762
| | - Eun-Ju Yang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762
| | - John V Stokes
- Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762
| | - James A Stewart
- Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762
| | - Barbara L F Kaplan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762
| | - George E Howell
- Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762
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Estrogen related receptor is required for the testicular development and for the normal sperm axoneme/mitochondrial derivatives in Drosophila males. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40372. [PMID: 28094344 PMCID: PMC5240334 DOI: 10.1038/srep40372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen related receptors (ERRs), categorized as orphan nuclear receptors, are critical for energy homeostasis and somatic development. However, significance of ERRs in the development of reproductive organs/organelles/cells remain poorly understood, albeit their homology to estrogen receptors. In this context, here, we show that knockdown of ERR in the testes leads to improperly developed testes with mis-regulation of genes (aly, mia, bruce, bam, bgcn, fzo and eya) involved in spermatogenesis, resulting in reduced male fertility. The observed testicular deformity is consistent with the down-regulation of SOX-E group of gene (SOX100B) in Drosophila. We also show dispersion/disintegration of fusomes (microtubule based structures associated with endoplasmic reticulum derived vesicle, interconnecting spermatocytes) in ERR knockdown testes. A few ERR knockdown testes go through spermatogenesis but have significantly fewer sperm. Moreover, flagella of these sperm are defective with abnormal axoneme and severely reduced mitochondrial derivatives, suggesting a possible role for ERR in mitochondrial biogenesis, analogous to mammalian ERRα. Interestingly, similar knockdown of remaining seventeen nuclear receptors did not yield a detectable reproductive or developmental defect in Drosophila. These findings add newer dimensions to the functions envisaged for ERR and provide the foundation for deciphering the relevance of orphan nuclear receptors in ciliopathies and testicular dysgenesis.
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34
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Downing LE, Edgar D, Ellison PA, Ricketts ML. Mechanistic insight into nuclear receptor-mediated regulation of bile acid metabolism and lipid homeostasis by grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE). Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:12-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Downing
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Veterinary Sciences; University of Nevada Reno; Reno Nevada USA
| | - Daniel Edgar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Nevada Reno; Reno Nevada USA
| | - Patricia A. Ellison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Nevada Reno; Reno Nevada USA
| | - Marie-Louise Ricketts
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Veterinary Sciences; University of Nevada Reno; Reno Nevada USA
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35
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Yen CA, Curran SP. Gene-diet interactions and aging in C. elegans. Exp Gerontol 2016; 86:106-112. [PMID: 26924670 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diet is the most variable aspect of life history, as most individuals have a large diversity of food choices, varying in the type and amount that they ingest. In the short-term, diet can affect metabolism and energy levels. However, in the long run, the net deficiency or excess of calories from diet can influence the progression and severity of age-related diseases. An old and yet still debated question is: how do specific dietary choices impact health- and lifespan? It is clear that genetics can play a critical role - perhaps just as important as diet choices. For example, poor diet in combination with genetic susceptibility can lead to metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Recent work in Caenorhabditis elegans has identified the existence of diet-gene pairs, where the consequence of mutating a specific gene is only realized on specific diets. Many core metabolic pathways are conserved from worm to human. Although only a handful of these diet-gene pairs has been characterized, there are potentially hundreds, if not thousands, of such interactions, which may explain the variability in the rates of aging in humans and the incidence and severity of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia An Yen
- University of Southern California, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Science, Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, United States
| | - Sean P Curran
- University of Southern California, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Science, Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, United States; University of Southern California, Davis School of Gerontology, United States.
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Mellor CL, Steinmetz FP, Cronin MTD. Using Molecular Initiating Events to Develop a Structural Alert Based Screening Workflow for Nuclear Receptor Ligands Associated with Hepatic Steatosis. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:203-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Mellor
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular
Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England
| | - Fabian P. Steinmetz
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular
Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England
| | - Mark T. D. Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular
Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England
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37
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Swetha CH, Girish BP, Reddy PS. Elucidation of the role of estradiol and progesterone in regulating reproduction in the edible crab, Oziothelphusa senex senex. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23637a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate sex steroids are ubiquitous and important bioactive mediators for many physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- CH. Swetha
- Department of Biotechnology
- Sri Venkateswara University
- Tirupati-517 502
- India
- Department of Zoology
| | - B. P. Girish
- Department of Biotechnology
- Sri Venkateswara University
- Tirupati-517 502
- India
- Department of Zoology
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38
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Klinge CM. miRNAs regulated by estrogens, tamoxifen, and endocrine disruptors and their downstream gene targets. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 418 Pt 3:273-97. [PMID: 25659536 PMCID: PMC4523495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (22 nucleotides), single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that form complimentary base-pairs with the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs within the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and block translation and/or stimulate mRNA transcript degradation. The non-coding miRBase (release 21, June 2014) reports that human genome contains ∼ 2588 mature miRNAs which regulate ∼ 60% of human protein-coding mRNAs. Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been implicated in estrogen-related diseases including breast cancer and endometrial cancer. The mechanism for estrogen regulation of miRNA expression and the role of estrogen-regulated miRNAs in normal homeostasis, reproduction, lactation, and in cancer is an area of great research and clinical interest. Estrogens regulate miRNA transcription through estrogen receptors α and β in a tissue-specific and cell-dependent manner. This review focuses primarily on the regulation of miRNA expression by ligand-activated ERs and their bona fide gene targets and includes miRNA regulation by tamoxifen and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in breast cancer and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Okada M, Ohtake F, Nishikawa H, Wu W, Saeki Y, Takana K, Ohta T. Liganded ERα Stimulates the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity of UBE3C to Facilitate Cell Proliferation. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1646-57. [PMID: 26389696 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)α is a well-characterized ligand-dependent transcription factor. However, the global picture of its nongenomic functions remains to be illustrated. Here, we demonstrate a novel function of ERα during mitosis that facilitates estrogen-dependent cell proliferation. An E3 ubiquitin ligase, UBE3C, was identified in an ERα complex from estrogen-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells arrested at mitosis. UBE3C interacts with ERα during mitosis in an estrogen-dependent manner. In vitro, estrogen dramatically stimulates the E3 activity of UBE3C in the presence of ERα. This effect was inhibited by the estrogen antagonist tamoxifen. Importantly, estrogen enhances the ubiquitination of cyclin B1 (CCNB1) and destabilizes CCNB1 during mitosis in a manner dependent on endogenous UBE3C. ERα, UBE3C, and CCNB1 colocalize in prophase nuclei and at metaphase spindles before CCNB1 is degraded in anaphase. Depletion of UBE3C attenuates estrogen-dependent cell proliferation without affecting the transactivation function of ERα. Collectively, these results demonstrate a novel ligand-dependent action of ERα that stimulates the activity of an E3 ligase. The mitotic role of estrogen may contribute to its effects on proliferation in addition to its roles in target gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Okada
- Department of Translational Oncology (M.O., W.W., T.O.), Institute of Advanced Medical Science (H.N.), St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (M.O.), University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology (F.O.), Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; and Laboratory of Protein Metabolism (Y.S., K.T.), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ohtake
- Department of Translational Oncology (M.O., W.W., T.O.), Institute of Advanced Medical Science (H.N.), St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (M.O.), University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology (F.O.), Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; and Laboratory of Protein Metabolism (Y.S., K.T.), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishikawa
- Department of Translational Oncology (M.O., W.W., T.O.), Institute of Advanced Medical Science (H.N.), St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (M.O.), University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology (F.O.), Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; and Laboratory of Protein Metabolism (Y.S., K.T.), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Wenwen Wu
- Department of Translational Oncology (M.O., W.W., T.O.), Institute of Advanced Medical Science (H.N.), St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (M.O.), University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology (F.O.), Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; and Laboratory of Protein Metabolism (Y.S., K.T.), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yasushi Saeki
- Department of Translational Oncology (M.O., W.W., T.O.), Institute of Advanced Medical Science (H.N.), St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (M.O.), University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology (F.O.), Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; and Laboratory of Protein Metabolism (Y.S., K.T.), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Keiji Takana
- Department of Translational Oncology (M.O., W.W., T.O.), Institute of Advanced Medical Science (H.N.), St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (M.O.), University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology (F.O.), Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; and Laboratory of Protein Metabolism (Y.S., K.T.), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohta
- Department of Translational Oncology (M.O., W.W., T.O.), Institute of Advanced Medical Science (H.N.), St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (M.O.), University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology (F.O.), Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; and Laboratory of Protein Metabolism (Y.S., K.T.), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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Hoffmann JM, Partridge L. Nuclear hormone receptors: Roles of xenobiotic detoxification and sterol homeostasis in healthy aging. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 50:380-92. [PMID: 26383043 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1067186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Health during aging can be improved by genetic, dietary and pharmacological interventions. Many of these increase resistance to various stressors, including xenobiotics. Up-regulation of xenobiotic detoxification genes is a transcriptomic signature shared by long-lived nematodes, flies and mice, suggesting that protection of cells from toxicity of xenobiotics may contribute to longevity. Expression of genes involved in xenobiotic detoxification is controlled by evolutionarily conserved transcriptional regulators. Three closely related subgroups of nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) have a major role, and these include DAF-12 and NHR-8 in C. elegans, DHR96 in Drosophila and FXR, LXRs, PXR, CAR and VDR in mammals. In the invertebrates, these NHRs have been experimentally demonstrated to play a role in extension of lifespan by genetic and environmental interventions. NHRs represent critical hubs in that they regulate detoxification enzymes with broad substrate specificities, metabolizing both endo- and xeno-biotics. They also modulate homeostasis of steroid hormones and other endogenous cholesterol derivatives and lipid metabolism, and these roles, as well as xenobiotic detoxification, may contribute to the effects of NHRs on lifespan and health during aging, an issue that is being increasingly addressed in C. elegans and Drosophila. Disentangling the contribution of these processes to longevity will require more precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which each is effected, including identification of ligands and co-regulators of NHRs, patterns of tissue-specificity and mechanisms of interaction between tissues. The roles of vertebrate NHRs in determination of health during aging and lifespan have yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Partridge
- a Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing , Cologne , Germany and.,b Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE (Genetics, Evolution and Environment), University College , London , UK
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Cheng YY, Tao WJ, Chen JL, Sun LN, Zhou LY, Song Q, Wang DS. Genome-wide identification, evolution and expression analysis of nuclear receptor superfamily in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Gene 2015; 569:141-52. [PMID: 26024593 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily, which is divided into 7 subfamilies, constitutes one of the largest classes of transcription factors. In this study, through comprehensive database search, we identified all NRs (including 4 novel members) from the tilapia (75), common carp (137), zebrafish (73), fugu (73), tetraodon (72), stickleback (70), medaka (69), coelacanth (55), spotted gar (51) and elephant shark (50). For 21 NRs, two duplicates were found in teleosts, while only one in tetrapods. These duplicates, except those of DAX1, SHP and GCNF found in the elephant shark, were derived from 3R (third round of genome duplication). The linkage duplication of 5 syntenic blocks (comprising 14 duplicated NR couples) in teleosts further supported their 3R origin. Based on transcriptome data from adult tilapia, 53 NRs were found to be expressed in more than one tissue (brain, head kidney, heart, liver, kidney, muscle, ovary and testis), and 4 were tissue-specific, indicating their essential roles in the corresponding tissue. Based on the XX and XY gonadal transcriptome data from four developmental stages, 65 NRs were detected in gonads, with 21, 31, 11 and 29 expressed sexual dimorphically at 5, 30, 90 and 180days after hatching, respectively. The expression of four selected genes was examined by in situ hybridization (ISH) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to validate the spatial and temporal expression profiles of NRs. Comparative analyses of the expression profiles of duplicated NRs revealed divergence in gene expression as well as gene function. Our results demonstrated that NRs may play important roles in sex determination and gonadal development in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ying Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jin-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Li-Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lin-Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - De-Shou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China.
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42
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Estrogen-related receptor α is required for efficient human cytomegalovirus replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E5706-15. [PMID: 25512541 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422361112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An shRNA-mediated screen of the 48 human nuclear receptor genes identified multiple candidates likely to influence the production of human cytomegalovirus in cultured human fibroblasts, including the estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), an orphan nuclear receptor. The 50-kDa receptor and a 76-kDa variant were induced posttranscriptionally following infection. Genetic and pharmacological suppression of the receptor reduced viral RNA, protein, and DNA accumulation, as well as the yield of infectious progeny. In addition, RNAs encoding multiple metabolic enzymes, including enzymes sponsoring glycolysis (enolase 1, triosephosphate isomerase 1, and hexokinase 2), were reduced when the function of ERRα was inhibited in infected cells. Consistent with the effect on RNAs, a substantial number of metabolites, which are normally induced by infection, were either not increased or were increased to a reduced extent in the absence of normal ERRα activity. We conclude that ERRα is needed for the efficient production of cytomegalovirus progeny, and we propose that the nuclear receptor contributes importantly to the induction of a metabolic environment that supports optimal cytomegalovirus replication.
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43
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Liu T, Li Y, Zhao X, Zhang M, Gu W. Ethylparaben affects lifespan, fecundity, and the expression levels of ERR, EcR and YPR in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 71:1-7. [PMID: 25265034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Parabens, which mainly include methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), and butylparaben (BP), are widely used as cosmetic and food preservatives. Although these chemicals, when used as preservatives, are thought to be safe for humans, many studies have demonstrated that they have estrogenic effects, and can affect the normal development and functions of the reproductive systems in a number of animal species. By treating fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) with EP, here we show that lower concentration of EP (0.02%) enhanced fertility while higher concentration of EP (0.10% and 0.20%) shortened the lifespan and reduced the fecundity of fruit flies. When we analyzed the expression levels of the estrogen-related receptor gene (ERR), ecdysone receptor gene (EcR) and Yolk protein receptor gene (YPR) from control and EP-treated fruit flies by using quantitative real-time PCR, we found that the expression levels of all three genes were significantly changed by EP treatment, and that female fruit flies are more sensitive to EP than males. Our data suggests that the estrogenic and the toxic effects of EP to fruit flies may have a molecular basis through the hormonal effect of EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Yajuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Wei Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China.
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44
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Weirauch MT, Yang A, Albu M, Cote AG, Montenegro-Montero A, Drewe P, Najafabadi HS, Lambert SA, Mann I, Cook K, Zheng H, Goity A, van Bakel H, Lozano JC, Galli M, Lewsey MG, Huang E, Mukherjee T, Chen X, Reece-Hoyes JS, Govindarajan S, Shaulsky G, Walhout AJM, Bouget FY, Ratsch G, Larrondo LF, Ecker JR, Hughes TR. Determination and inference of eukaryotic transcription factor sequence specificity. Cell 2014; 158:1431-1443. [PMID: 25215497 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1167] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor (TF) DNA sequence preferences direct their regulatory activity, but are currently known for only ∼1% of eukaryotic TFs. Broadly sampling DNA-binding domain (DBD) types from multiple eukaryotic clades, we determined DNA sequence preferences for >1,000 TFs encompassing 54 different DBD classes from 131 diverse eukaryotes. We find that closely related DBDs almost always have very similar DNA sequence preferences, enabling inference of motifs for ∼34% of the ∼170,000 known or predicted eukaryotic TFs. Sequences matching both measured and inferred motifs are enriched in chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) peaks and upstream of transcription start sites in diverse eukaryotic lineages. SNPs defining expression quantitative trait loci in Arabidopsis promoters are also enriched for predicted TF binding sites. Importantly, our motif "library" can be used to identify specific TFs whose binding may be altered by human disease risk alleles. These data present a powerful resource for mapping transcriptional networks across eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE) and Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ally Yang
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Mihai Albu
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Atina G Cote
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Alejandro Montenegro-Montero
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Philipp Drewe
- Computational Biology Center, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hamed S Najafabadi
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Samuel A Lambert
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ishminder Mann
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kate Cook
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hong Zheng
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Alejandra Goity
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Lozano
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7621, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France
| | - Mary Galli
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mathew G Lewsey
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eryong Huang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tuhin Mukherjee
- Department of Electronic and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Department of Electronic and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - John S Reece-Hoyes
- Program in Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | | | - Gad Shaulsky
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Albertha J M Walhout
- Program in Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - François-Yves Bouget
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7621, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France
| | - Gunnar Ratsch
- Computational Biology Center, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Luis F Larrondo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Li Y, Ginjupalli GK, Baldwin WS. The HR97 (NR1L) group of nuclear receptors: a new group of nuclear receptors discovered in Daphnia species. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 206:30-42. [PMID: 25092536 PMCID: PMC4182176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recently sequenced Daphnia pulex genome revealed the NR1L nuclear receptor group consisting of three novel receptors. Phylogenetic studies show that this group is related to the NR1I group (CAR/PXR/VDR) and the NR1J group (HR96), and were subsequently named HR97a/b/g. Each of the HR97 paralogs from Daphnia magna, a commonly used crustacean in toxicity testing, was cloned, sequenced, and partially characterized. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the HR97 receptors are present in primitive arthropods such as the chelicerates but lost in insects. qPCR and immunohistochemistry demonstrate that each of the receptors is expressed near or at reproductive maturity, and that HR97g, the most ancient of the HR97 receptors, is primarily expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, mandibular region, and ovaries, consistent with a role in reproduction. Transactivation assays using an HR97a/b/g-GAL4 chimera indicate that unlike Daphnia HR96 that is promiscuous with respect to ligand recognition, the HR97 receptors do not respond to many of the ligands that activate CAR/PXR/HR96 nuclear receptors. Only three putative ligands of HR97 receptors were identified in this study: pyriproxyfen, methyl farnesoate, and arachidonic acid. Only arachidonic acid, which acts as an inverse agonist, alters HR97g activity at concentrations that would be considered within physiologically relevant ranges. Overall, this study demonstrates that, although closely related to the promiscuous receptors in the NR1I and NR1J groups, the HR97 receptors are mostly likely not multi-xenobiotic sensors, but rather may perform physiological functions, potentially in reproduction, unique to crustaceans and other non-insect arthropod groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Li
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Gautam K Ginjupalli
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - William S Baldwin
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States.
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Chow YL, Kawasaki Y, Sato F. Knockdown of the NHR-8 nuclear receptor enhanced sensitivity to the lipid-reducing activity of alkaloids in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:2008-13. [PMID: 25052035 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.940278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is a versatile, whole-organism model for bioactivity screening. However, this worm has extensive defensive mechanisms against xenobiotics which limit its use for screening of pharmacologically active compounds. In this study, we report that knockdown of nhr-8, a gene involved in the xenobiotic response, increased the worm's sensitivity to the lipid-reducing effects of some isoquinoline alkaloids, especially berberine. On the other hand, crude extract of rhizome and cultured cells showed enhanced biological activity compared to the pure alkaloids in wild type worm, but this enhanced activity was not detected in nhr-8 RNAi worm, suggesting that some components in cell extracts might interfere with the defense response in this worm. The possibility of using C. elegans as a model for screening bioactive chemicals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yit-Lai Chow
- a Department of Plant Gene and Totipotency , Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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Wang J, Dai S, Guo Y, Xie W, Zhai Y. Biology of PXR: role in drug-hormone interactions. EXCLI JOURNAL 2014; 13:728-39. [PMID: 26417296 PMCID: PMC4464432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hormonal homeostasis is essential for a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Elimination and detoxification of xenobiotics, such as drugs introduced into the human body, could disrupt the balance of hormones due to the induction of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters. Pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) functions as a master xenobiotic receptor involved in drug metabolism and drug-drug interactions by its coordinated transcriptional regulation of phase I and phase II DMEs and transporters. Recently, increasing evidences indicate that PXR can also mediate the endocrine disruptor function and thus impact the integrity of the endocrine system. This review focuses primarily on the recent advances in our understanding of the function of PXR in glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, androgen and estrogen homeostasis. The elucidation of PXR-mediated drug-hormone interactions might have important therapeutic implications in dealing with hormone-dependent diseases and safety assessment of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development and College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Shu Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development and College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, Pittsburgh,Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, Pittsburgh
| | - Yonggong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development and College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Yonggong Zhai, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China. Telephone: +86-10-58806656; Fax: +86-10-58807721, E-mail:
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Nuclear receptors in nematode development: Natural experiments made by a phylum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:224-37. [PMID: 24984201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of complex multicellular organisms is dependent on regulatory decisions that are necessary for the establishment of specific differentiation and metabolic cellular states. Nuclear receptors (NRs) form a large family of transcription factors that play critical roles in the regulation of development and metabolism of Metazoa. Based on their DNA binding and ligand binding domains, NRs are divided into eight NR subfamilies from which representatives of six subfamilies are present in both deuterostomes and protostomes indicating their early evolutionary origin. In some nematode species, especially in Caenorhabditis, the family of NRs expanded to a large number of genes strikingly exceeding the number of NR genes in vertebrates or insects. Nematode NRs, including the multiplied Caenorhabditis genes, show clear relation to vertebrate and insect homologues belonging to six of the eight main NR subfamilies. This review summarizes advances in research of nematode NRs and their developmental functions. Nematode NRs can reveal evolutionarily conserved mechanisms that regulate specific developmental and metabolic processes as well as new regulatory adaptations. They represent the results of a large number of natural experiments with structural and functional potential of NRs for the evolution of the phylum. The conserved and divergent character of nematode NRs adds a new dimension to our understanding of the general biology of regulation by NRs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear receptors in animal development.
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49
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Vogeler S, Galloway TS, Lyons BP, Bean TP. The nuclear receptor gene family in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, contains a novel subfamily group. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:369. [PMID: 24885009 PMCID: PMC4070562 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear receptors are a superfamily of transcription factors important in key biological, developmental and reproductive processes. Several of these receptors are ligand- activated and through their ability to bind endogenous and exogenous ligands, are potentially vulnerable to xenobiotics. Molluscs are key ecological species in defining aquatic and terrestrial habitats and are sensitive to xenobiotic compounds in the environment. However, the understanding of nuclear receptor presence, function and xenobiotic disruption in the phylum Mollusca is limited. RESULTS Here, forty-three nuclear receptor sequences were mined from the genome of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. They include members of NR0-NR5 subfamilies, notably lacking any NR6 members. Phylogenetic analyses of the oyster nuclear receptors have been conducted showing the presence of a large novel subfamily group not previously reported, which is named NR1P. Homologues to all previous identified nuclear receptors in other mollusc species have also been determined including the putative heterodimer partner retinoid X receptor, estrogen receptor and estrogen related receptor. CONCLUSION C. gigas contains a highly diverse set of nuclear receptors including a novel NR1 group, which provides important information on presence and evolution of this transcription factor superfamily in invertebrates. The Pacific oyster possesses two members of NR3, the sex steroid hormone receptor analogues, of which there are 9 in humans. This provides increasing evidence that steroid ligand specific expansion of this family is deuterostome specific. This new knowledge on divergence and emergence of nuclear receptors in C. gigas provides essential information for studying regulation of molluscan gene expression and the potential effects of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Vogeler
- />School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD UK
- />Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB UK
| | - Tamara S Galloway
- />School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD UK
| | - Brett P Lyons
- />Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB UK
| | - Tim P Bean
- />Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB UK
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Jones LM, Rayson SJ, Flemming AJ, Urwin PE. Adaptive and specialised transcriptional responses to xenobiotic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans are regulated by nuclear hormone receptors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69956. [PMID: 23922869 PMCID: PMC3724934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterisation of the pathways by which xenobiotics are metabolised and excreted in both target and non-target organisms is crucial for the rational design of effective and specific novel bioactive molecules. Consequently, we have investigated the induced responses of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to a variety of xenobiotics which represent a range of putative modes of action. The majority of genes that were specifically induced in preliminary microarray analyses encoded enzymes from Phase I and II metabolism, including cytochrome P450s, short chain dehydrogenases, UDP-glucuronosyl transferases and glutathione transferases. Changes in gene expression were confirmed by quantitative PCR and GFP induction in reporter strains driven by promoters for transcription of twelve induced enzymes was investigated. The particular complement of metabolic genes induced was found to be highly contingent on the xenobiotic applied. The known regulators of responses to applied chemicals ahr-1, hif-1, mdt-15 and nhr-8 were not required for any of these inducible responses and skn-1 regulated GFP expression from only two of the promoters. Reporter strains were used in conjunction with systematic RNAi screens to identify transcription factors which drive expression of these genes under xenobiotic exposure. These transcription factors appeared to regulate specific xenobiotic responses and have no reported phenotypes under standard conditions. Focussing on nhr-176 we demonstrate the role of this transcription factor in mediating the resistance to thiabendazole.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Animals
- Caenorhabditis elegans/drug effects
- Caenorhabditis elegans/enzymology
- Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics
- Caenorhabditis elegans/physiology
- Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II/genetics
- Oviposition/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA Interference/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Thiabendazole/analogs & derivatives
- Thiabendazole/pharmacology
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Xenobiotics/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Jones
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony J. Flemming
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Peter E. Urwin
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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