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Kohli M, Ham L, Saloner R, Dung D, Iudicello J, Ellis RJ, Moore DJ. Latent Profile Analysis of Cognitive Performance and Depressive Symptoms Among People with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2024; 38:93-106. [PMID: 38381950 PMCID: PMC10890962 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2023.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression and cognitive impairment are prevalent conditions among people with HIV (PWH), likely attributable to shared causes and common risk factors. Identifying subtypes of PWH with similar patterns of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and depressive symptoms may inform development of patient-centered interventions that target-specific profiles. This study aimed to (1) classify PWH based on patterns of domain-specific NCI and depression; and (2) determine the relationship between latent class membership and pertinent clinical characteristics. PWH (N = 580, 86.2% male, 57.1% non-Hispanic White, 69.2% unemployed) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery assessing global and domain-specific cognition. Domain-specific NCI was classified as deficit score >0.5. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and domain-specific BDI-II scores reflecting cognitive, affective, and somatic symptoms were computed. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to determine latent subgroups of NCI and depression. The optimal LPA solution consisted of five classes: minimal NCI and minimal depression (Class 1), amnestic and minimal depression (Class 2), severe multi-domain NCI and moderate depression (somatic and affective; Class 3), mild NCI and mild depression (Class 4), and moderate multi-domain NCI and severe depression (Class 5). Despite similar levels of functional impairment, Class 5 had a significant psychiatric profile, whereas Class 3 had a complex medical profile (i.e., higher frailty index, higher medications, greater proportion of AIDS diagnosis). In contrast, Class 1 had the lowest medication use and frailty index, with similar HIV disease characteristics to Classes 3 and 5. Our results suggest there are multiple pathways to cognitive and functional impairment among PWH with co-occurring depression and cognitive impairment, and these groups may respond differently to interventions. Of note, our sample was majority non-Hispanic White and male, which is nonrepresentative of the US population of PWH. Future interventions should consider a more integrated, person-centered approach that addresses cognitive and emotional health to optimize health outcomes in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulika Kohli
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lillian Ham
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Rowan Saloner
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Devin Dung
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Iudicello
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ronald J. Ellis
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David J. Moore
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Brittain K, Brown K, Phillips T, Zerbe A, Pellowski J, Remien RH, Mellins CA, Abrams EJ, Myer L. Why do Integrated Maternal HIV and Infant Healthcare Services work? A Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Africa. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:3831-3843. [PMID: 37306847 PMCID: PMC10598190 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In a randomised trial, we found that integrated maternal HIV and infant health services through the end of breastfeeding were significantly associated with the primary outcome of engagement in HIV care and viral suppression at 12 months postpartum, compared to the standard of care. Here, we quantitatively explore potential psychosocial modifiers and mediators of this association. Our findings suggest that the intervention was significantly more effective among women experiencing an unintended pregnancy but did not improve outcomes among women reporting risky alcohol use. Although not statistically significant, our results suggest that the intervention may also be more effective among women experiencing higher levels of poverty and HIV-related stigma. We observed no definitive mediator of the intervention effect, but women allocated to integrated services reported better relationships with their healthcare providers through 12 months postpartum. These findings point to high-risk groups that may benefit the most from integrated care, as well as groups for whom these benefits are hampered and that warrant further attention in intervention development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Brittain
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| | - Karryn Brown
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Tamsin Phillips
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Allison Zerbe
- Mailman School of Public Health, ICAP at Columbia University, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Pellowski
- Department of Behavioral & Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Robert H Remien
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, HIV Center for Clinical & Behavioral Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claude A Mellins
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, HIV Center for Clinical & Behavioral Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine J Abrams
- Mailman School of Public Health, ICAP at Columbia University, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Landon Myer
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
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Acin P, Luque S, Subirana I, Vila J, Fernández-Sala X, Guelar A, de Antonio-Cuscó M, Arrieta I, Knobel H. Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Predicting Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023; 39:533-540. [PMID: 37294209 PMCID: PMC10561744 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several patient-related factors that influence adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been described. However, studies that propose a practical and simple tool to predict nonadherence after ART initiation are still scarce. In this study, we develop and validate a score to predict the risk of nonadherence in people starting ART. The model/score was developed and validated using a cohort of people living with HIV starting ART at the Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, between 2012 and 2015 (derivation cohort) and between 2016 and 2018 (validation cohort),. Adherence was evaluated every 2 months using both pharmacy refills and patient self-reports. Nonadherence was defined as taking <90% of the prescribed dose and/or ART interruption for more than 1 week. Predictive factors for nonadherence were identified by logistic regression. Beta coefficients were used to develop a predictive score. Optimal cutoffs were identified using the bootstrapping methodology, and performance was evaluated with the C statistic. Our study is based on 574 patients: 349 in the derivation cohort and 225 in the validation cohort. A total of 104 patients (29.8%) of the derivation cohort were nonadherent. Nonadherence predictors were patient prejudgment; previous medical appointment failures; cultural and/or idiomatic barriers; heavy alcohol use; substance abuse; unstable housing; and severe mental illness. The cutoff point (receiver operating characteristic curve) for nonadherence was 26.3 (sensitivity 0.87 and specificity 0.86). The C statistic (95% confidence interval) was 0.91 (0.87-0.94). These results were consistent with those predicted by the score in the validation cohort. This easy-to-use, highly sensitive, and specific tool could be easily used to identify patients at highest risk for nonadherence, thus allowing resource optimization and achieving optimal treatment goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Acin
- Pharmacy Service Colisée Barcelona Isabel Roig, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Luque
- Pharmacy Service Hospital del Mar, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Subirana
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Vila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Guelar
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Itziar Arrieta
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hernando Knobel
- Infectious Diseases Service Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- XECS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21/13/00002), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Davoudi M, Heydari A, Manzari ZS. Psychosocial Interventions by Nurses for Patients with HIV/ AIDS: A Systematic Review. J Caring Sci 2023; 12:94-102. [PMID: 37469749 PMCID: PMC10352634 DOI: 10.34172/jcs.2023.30726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Providing psychological support is one of the traditional roles of nurses for patients with HIV/AIDS. Searching the literature showed that various psychological interventions have been performed by nurses to support HIV/AIDS patients; however, no summary of these interventions is available. We aimed to systematically review the interventional studies which investigated the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions delivered by nurses to HIV/AIDS patients. Methods This systematic review was performed based on Cochrane's handbook of systematic reviews of interventional studies. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement were used in this study. The databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus and World Health Organization were searched from January 2009 to December 2022. Based on inclusion criteria, nine studies included in this systematic review. Cochrane data extraction form was used for the systematic review and the article's information was summarized using the modified Jadad scale. Results The interventions provided by the nurses included: virtual and face-to-face educational programs, written information resources, palliative care, motivational interview, case management, home visit, and care services, along with face-to-face and telephone follow-up. These interventions have a significant positive effect on the quality of life and management of high-risk behaviors, disease management, symptoms and complications, adherence to treatment, immune function, and mental health in patients with HIV/AIDS. Conclusion The results of the present study show that despite the fact that the interventions have a purely psychological content and can be done with various methods, they are able to have positive consequences in physical, psychological, behavioral, and laboratory health in HIV/AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Davoudi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Heydari
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Manzari
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Eze RA, Sulaiman N, Mat Daud Z'A, Babadoko A. Association Between Belief in Medicine and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Adults in Zaira, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Cureus 2023; 15:e36489. [PMID: 37090307 PMCID: PMC10118400 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative perceptions of antiretroviral treatment (ART)'s efficacy and consequences may operate as roadblocks to adherence. This research aimed to determine the association between belief in medicine and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV adults on ART in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. METHOD Using a cross-sectional design, a systematic random sampling method was used to select respondents aged 18-64 years on antiretroviral therapy for at least six months at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, outpatients of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Clinic. Socio-demographics, belief in medicine and adherence to ART were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS Among the 385 people who took part in the study, about 67.5% were females and 32.5% were males. About 54% of adults adhered to ART. More than half (55.8%) of the respondents had negative perceptions (beliefs) of personal need for ART medication and about 42.3% of the respondents had more concerns about the potential negative effects of the ART medication. Government employment (odds ratio (OR) = 2.842, p = <0.01), self-employment (OR = 2.6, p = <0.001), and being divorced or widowed (OR = 2.0, p = <0.01), negative perceptions (beliefs) of personal need for the ART medication (adjusted OR (AOR) = 1.525, p=<0.01) and more concerns about the potential negative effects of the ART medication (AOR= 1.362, p = <0.05) were all significantly associated with ART adherence. CONCLUSION Employment, marital status and belief in medicine were associated with adherence to ART. Therefore, during adherence counseling, healthcare personnel should address respondents' false views and fears regarding ART medication in order to strengthen proper information and the benefits of ART. This article was previously presented as a meeting poster at the 36th Scientific Conference of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia (7th and 8th September 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A Eze
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, MYS
| | - Norhasmah Sulaiman
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, MYS
| | - Zulfitri 'Azuan Mat Daud
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, MYS
| | - Aliyu Babadoko
- Department of Haematology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, NGA
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Ham L, Montoya JL, Serrano V, Yeager S, Paltin D, Pasipanodya EC, Marquine MJ, Hoenigl M, Ramers CB, Kua J, Moore DJ. High Psychosocial Burden Relates to Poorer Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Among Black/African American People with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2023; 37:103-113. [PMID: 36689195 PMCID: PMC9963477 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2022.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Black/African American communities continue to be disproportionately impacted by HIV with Black people with HIV (PWH) exhibiting poorer outcomes along the HIV treatment cascade. Psychosocial burden may, in part, explain these health disparities among PWH. We implemented a culturally adapted intervention [individualized Texting for Adherence Building (iTAB)] to improve ART adherence among 89 Black PWH in San Diego, CA. We aimed to (1) characterize psychosocial risk factors (depression, negative life events, discrimination, medical mistrust) hypothesized to be barriers to HIV outcomes among Black PWH and (2) determine if these factors influence intervention engagement, HIV outcomes, and self-reported physical and mental health. We identified three levels of psychosocial burden (low, moderate, high) through hierarchical cluster analysis. Participants in the high burden cluster (n = 25) experienced the highest levels of depression, negative life events, and discrimination, in addition to the poorest intervention outcomes, HIV outcomes, and physical and mental health compared to low and moderate burden clusters. Participants in the low (n = 29) burden cluster had less medical mistrust than the moderate (n = 34) and high burden clusters, but low and moderate clusters did not differ on any outcomes. Overall, self-reported ART adherence was 83%, which is above estimates of ART adherence in the Western region of the United States. The iTAB intervention shows promise in improving HIV-related outcomes among Black PWH with low to moderate psychosocial burden; however, additional supports may need to be identified for those with high psychosocial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Ham
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jessica L. Montoya
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vanessa Serrano
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Samantha Yeager
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dafna Paltin
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Maria J. Marquine
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian B. Ramers
- Laura Rodriguez Research Institute, Family Health Centers, San Diego, California, USA
| | - John Kua
- Laura Rodriguez Research Institute, Family Health Centers, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David J. Moore
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Herrijgers C, Platteau T, Vandebosch H, Poels K, Florence E. Using Intervention Mapping to Develop an mHealth Intervention to Support Men Who Have Sex With Men Engaging in Chemsex (Budd): Development and Usability Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e39678. [PMID: 36542451 DOI: 10.2196/39678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemsex refers to the intentional use of drugs before or during sex among men who have sex with men (MSM). Engaging in chemsex has been linked to significant negative impacts on physical, psychological, and social well-being. However, no evidence-based support tools have addressed either these harms or the care needs of MSM who engage in chemsex. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper was to describe the development of a mobile health intervention (named Budd) using the intervention mapping protocol (IMP). Budd aims to support and inform MSM who participate in chemsex, reduce the negative impacts associated with chemsex, and encourage more reasoned participation. METHODS The IMP consists of 6 steps to develop, implement, and evaluate evidence-based health interventions. A needs assessment was carried out between September 2, 2019, and March 31, 2020, by conducting a literature study and in-depth interviews. Change objectives were selected based on these findings, after which theory-based intervention methods were selected. The first version of the intervention was developed in December 2020 and pilot-tested between February 1, 2021, and April 30, 2021. Adjustments were made based on the findings from this study. A separate article will be dedicated to the effectiveness study, conducted between October 15, 2021, and February 24, 2022, and implementation of the intervention. The Budd app went live in April 2022. RESULTS Budd aims to address individual factors and support chemsex participants in applying harm reduction measures when taking drugs (drug information, drug combination tool, and notebook), preparing for participation in a chemsex session (articles on chemsex, preparation tool, and event-specific checklist), planning sufficient time after a chemsex session to recover (planning tool), seeking support for their chemsex participation (overview of existing local health care and peer support services, reflection, personal statistics, and user testimonials), taking HIV medication or pre-exposure prophylaxis in a timely manner during a chemsex session (preparation tool), and contacting emergency services in case of an emergency and giving first aid to others (emergency information and personal buddy). CONCLUSIONS The IMP proved to be a valuable tool in the planning and development of the Budd app. This study provides researchers and practitioners with valuable information that may help them to set up their own health interventions. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/39678.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Herrijgers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tom Platteau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Heidi Vandebosch
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Karolien Poels
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Eric Florence
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Osingada CP, McMorris B, Piehler TF, Tracy MF, Porta CM. Acceptability, Feasibility, and Efficacy of Telehealth Interventions for HIV Testing and Treatment in Adult Populations. Telemed J E Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2022.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Peter Osingada
- Adult and Gerontological Health Cooperative, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Barbara McMorris
- Population Health and Systems Cooperative, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy F. Piehler
- Department of Family Social Science, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mary Fran Tracy
- Adult and Gerontological Health Cooperative, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carolyn M. Porta
- Population Health and Systems Cooperative, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Chen WT, Shiu C, Zhang L, Zhao H. Care engagement with healthcare providers and symptom management self-efficacy in women living with HIV in China: secondary analysis of an intervention study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1195. [PMID: 35705934 PMCID: PMC9199138 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Symptom management self-efficacy is a prerequisite for individuals to fully manage their symptoms. The literature reports associations between engagement with healthcare providers (HCPs), internalized stigma, and types of self-efficacy other than symptom management. However, the factors of symptom management self-efficacy are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among engagement with HCPs, internalized stigma, and HIV symptom management self-efficacy in Chinese women living with HIV (WLWH). Methods This current analysis was part of the original randomized control trial, we used data collected from 41 women living with HIV (WLWH) assigned to an intervention arm or a control arm from Shanghai and Beijing, China, at baseline, Week 4 and Week 12. The CONSORT checklist was used. The study was registered in the Clinical Trial Registry (#NCT03049332) on 10/02/2017. Results The results demonstrate that HCPs should increase engagement with WLWH when providing care, thereby improving their symptom management self-efficacy. The results suggested that participants’ engagement with HCPs was significantly positively correlated with their HIV symptom management self-efficacy in the latter two time points. Internalized stigma was significantly negatively correlated with HIV symptom management self-efficacy only at the 4-week follow-up. Conclusions This study demonstrated the positive effect of engagement with HCPs on WLWHs’ symptom management self-efficacy as well as the negative effect of internalized stigma on symptom management self-efficacy. Future research can further test the relationship between the three key concepts, as well as explore interventions to decrease internalized stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ti Chen
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, 700 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Chengshi Shiu
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, 700 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.
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Perceptions About Local ART Adherence Norms and Personal Adherence Behavior Among Adults Living with HIV in Rural Uganda. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:1892-1904. [PMID: 35034237 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although misperceived norms often drive personal health behaviors, we do not know about this phenomenon in the context of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. We conducted a cross-sectional study including all persons living with HIV (PLWH) on ART across eight villages in one parish in a rural region of southwestern Uganda. We used surveys to measure personal reports of ART adherence (not missing any doses of ART in the past 7 days was considered optimal adherence whereas missing doses was considered suboptimal adherence) and perceived norms about the local ART adherence norm (whether or not each individual thought 'most other PLWH on ART in this parish' missed any doses in the past 7 days). Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between perceived norms and personal adherence. Among 159 PLWH on ART (95% response rate), 142 (89%) reported no missed doses. However, 119 (75%) thought most individuals in this population of PLWH on ART were sub-optimally adherent. This misperception about the local ART adherence norm was prevalent in every subgroup of PLWH. Misperceiving the local ART adherence norm to be sub-optimal adherence was associated with a reduced likelihood of optimal adherence among married PLWH (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71-0.97). The association was similar but imprecisely estimated for all PLWH (aRR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.82-1.01). Interventions to correct misperceived ART adherence norms as a stand-alone intervention or as a complement to other adherence promotion programs may influence ART adherence behavior and perhaps reduce HIV-related stigma.
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Indirect comparison of 48-week efficacy and safety of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine maintenance every 8 weeks with daily oral standard of care antiretroviral therapy in participants with virologically suppressed HIV-1-infection. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:428. [PMID: 35508986 PMCID: PMC9066757 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efficacy and safety of long-acting cabotegravir (CAB) + rilpivirine (RPV) every 8 weeks (Q8W) versus daily oral standard of care (SoC) maintenance in treatment-experienced individuals with virologically suppressed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has not been directly compared in randomized clinical trials. This analysis aimed to indirectly compare these regimens. Methods An adjusted indirect treatment comparison of CAB + RPV Q8W with daily oral SoC was performed, using Phase 3 data from studies of CAB + RPV every 4 weeks (Q4W) vs SoC (ATLAS/FLAIR, n = 591 per group) and a Phase 3b trial of CAB + RPV Q8W vs Q4W (ATLAS-2M [excluding participants with prior CAB + RPV exposure]; n = 327 per group). Eligible participants were virologically suppressed (viral load < 50 HIV-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) copies/mL), treatment-experienced individuals with HIV-1-infection. Treatment efficacy and safety assessments at Week 48 included virologic suppression and lack of virologic suppression (proportion of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL or ≥ 50 copies/mL, respectively; both as per FDA snapshot algorithm), CD4-cell count change from baseline, no virologic data, discontinuations due to adverse events (AEs), and overall AEs, serious AEs and Grade 3–5 AEs excluding injection-site reactions. A subgroup analysis stratified by baseline third active drug class was performed. Results Baseline characteristics between the Q4W arms of ATLAS/FLAIR and ATLAS-2M showed no significant differences or differences were not judged to be clinically relevant, apart from participants switching from a baseline third active drug class; more participants switched from integrase strand inhibitors in ATLAS/FLAIR, and from non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in ATLAS-2M. Injections of CAB + RPV Q8W showed no significant differences across efficacy and safety outcomes versus daily oral SoC. Univariate subgroup analysis found there were no significant differences on virologic suppression or lack of virologic suppression for any baseline third active drug class subgroup. These results suggest that CAB + RPV Q8W is non-inferior to daily oral SoC. Conclusions This analysis supports the therapeutic potential of CAB + RPV Q8W for virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1 infection seeking an alternative maintenance treatment option to daily oral SoC. Trial registration: NCT02938520, NCT02951052, NCT03299049. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07243-3.
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Engler K, Vicente S, Mate KKV, Lessard D, Ahmed S, Lebouché B. Content validation of a new measure of patient-reported barriers to antiretroviral therapy adherence, the I-Score: results from a Delphi study. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2022; 6:28. [PMID: 35347496 PMCID: PMC8960494 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-022-00435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over a third of people living with HIV (PLHIV) have suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Measures of barriers to ART adherence often lack comprehensiveness. To help manage ART adherence barriers in HIV care, we are developing a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) of these barriers (the I-Score). Methods We assessed the content validity of 100 items (distinct barriers) to retain only those most relevant to both PLHIV and HIV health/social service providers. A web-based Delphi was conducted in Canada and France, collecting data from December 2018 to October 2019. Items were evaluated on relevance (the combined rated importance and actionability for HIV care of items among both PLHIV and providers); comprehensibility (rated item clarity); comprehensiveness (examined against our conceptual framework); cross-cultural equivalence (based on comparisons by questionnaire language (English, French) and country of residence). Pearson’s chi-square tests were used for comparisons by language, country, gender, and stakeholder group (PLHIV, providers). Results Panelists included 40 PLHIV and 57 providers (66% response rate). Thirty-one items were retained based on consensus thresholds for relevance (minimum: 50% for PLHIV, 60% for providers) and showed good comprehensibility and comprehensiveness, when compared to our conceptual framework (representation of: 6/6 domains, 15/20 subdomains). No significant difference in relevance based on language or country was found among retained items, suggestive of cross-cultural equivalence. Among all 100 items, only 6 significant differences on relevance were observed for gender. For 62 items, the relevance ratings of PLHIV and providers differed significantly, with providers showing greater endorsement of all items but one. Discussion The Delphi led to a much-needed item reduction. Remaining items highlight the panel’s multidimensional priorities for the PROM on ART adherence barriers, with few, if any, differences by language, country, and gender. While the analyses may lack generalizability and power, the sample size is considered adequate for a PROM validation study. Conclusion Retained items showed good content validity. The different patterns of item endorsement observed underscore the utility of engaging multiple stakeholder groups in PROM development for use in clinical practice. The greater endorsement of items by providers versus patients merits further investigation, including the implications of such differentials for measure development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41687-022-00435-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Engler
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 5252 de Maisonneuve Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada.
| | - Serge Vicente
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kedar K V Mate
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 5252 de Maisonneuve Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - David Lessard
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 5252 de Maisonneuve Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Sara Ahmed
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 5252 de Maisonneuve Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada.,School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Réadaptation (CRIR), Constance Lethbridge Rehabilitation Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lebouché
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 5252 de Maisonneuve Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Hovhannisyan L, Coelho LE, Velasque L, De Boni RB, Clark J, Cardoso SW, Lake J, Veloso VG, Grinsztejn B, Luz PM. Multilevel Analysis of Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics Associated with Viral Suppression Among Adults with HIV in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:947-962. [PMID: 34564777 PMCID: PMC8898026 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of neighborhood context on viral suppression outcomes may help explain health disparities and identify future interventions. We assessed the relationship between individual characteristics, neighborhood socioeconomic context, and viral suppression using multilevel logistic regression models. Adults with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 2000 and 2017, who resided in Rio de Janeiro and had an HIV-1 RNA level (viral load) measured 90-270 days after ART initiation were included. Overall, 83.9% achieved viral suppression. Participants who were older, had a higher level of education, and identified as heterosexual cisgender men and cisgender men-who-have-sex-with-men had increased odds of viral suppression. Later calendar year of ART initiation carried the strongest association with viral suppression, reflecting the increased effectiveness and tolerability of ART over time. Neighborhood socioeconomic indicators did not predict viral suppression in unadjusted or adjusted analyses, which may result from the integrated care provided in our health care facility together with Brazil's universal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyolya Hovhannisyan
- South American Program in HIV Prevention Research (SAPHIR), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Lara E Coelho
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciane Velasque
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel B De Boni
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jesse Clark
- South American Program in HIV Prevention Research (SAPHIR), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sandra W Cardoso
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jordan Lake
- South American Program in HIV Prevention Research (SAPHIR), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston, USA
| | - Valdilea G Veloso
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula M Luz
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Stangl AL, Pliakas T, Izazola-Licea JA, Ayala G, Beattie TS, Ferguson L, Orza L, Mathur S, Pulerwitz J, Iovita A, Bendaud V. Removing the societal and legal impediments to the HIV response: An evidence-based framework for 2025 and beyond. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264249. [PMID: 35192663 PMCID: PMC8863250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Societal and legal impediments inhibit quality HIV prevention, care, treatment and support services and need to be removed. The political declaration adopted by UN member countries at the high-level meeting on HIV and AIDS in June 2021, included new societal enabler global targets for achievement by 2025 that will address this gap. Our paper describes how and why UNAIDS arrived at the societal enabler targets adopted. We conducted a scoping review and led a participatory process between January 2019 and June 2020 to develop an evidence-based framework for action, propose global societal enabler targets, and identify indicators for monitoring progress. A re-envisioned framework called the '3 S's of the HIV response: Society, Systems and Services' was defined. In the framework, societal enablers enhance the effectiveness of HIV programmes by removing impediments to service availability, access and uptake at the societal level, while service and system enablers improve efficiencies in and expand the reach of HIV services and systems. Investments in societal enabling approaches that remove legal barriers, shift harmful social and gender norms, reduce inequalities and improve institutional and community structures are needed to progressively realize four overarching societal enablers, the first three of which fall within the purview of the HIV sector: (i) societies with supportive legal environments and access to justice, (ii) gender equal societies, (iii) societies free from stigma and discrimination, and (iv) co-action across development sectors to reduce exclusion and poverty. Three top-line and 15 detailed targets were recommended for monitoring progress towards their achievement. The clear articulation of societal enablers in the re-envisioned framework should have a substantial impact on improving the effectiveness of core HIV programmes if implemented. Together with the new global targets, the framework will also galvanize advocacy to scale up societal enabling approaches with proven impact on HIV outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Stangl
- Hera Solutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Triantafyllos Pliakas
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Impact Epilysis, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - George Ayala
- Alameda County Public Health Department, Oakland, CA, United States of America
- MPact Global Action for Gay Men’s Health and Rights, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Tara S. Beattie
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Ferguson
- Institute on Inequalities in Global Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Luisa Orza
- Frontline AIDS, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Sanyukta Mathur
- Population Council, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Julie Pulerwitz
- Population Council, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | - Victoria Bendaud
- Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Geneva, Switzerland
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de Oliveira França P, Ayres LR, Pimassoni LH, Cerutti Junior C. Health-Related Quality of Life and Coping Strategies in a Cohort Study of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Naïve Patients Adherence. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:8341638. [PMID: 35685558 PMCID: PMC9159168 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8341638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to describe the perceived quality of life (QoL) in patients living with AIDS (PLWA) and their chosen coping strategies in a cohort of individuals managed with HAART. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study conducted at the Medication Dispensing Unit of a university hospital (MDU-UH) located in southeastern Brazil. Study population comprised HIV/AIDS patients starting antiretroviral treatment at MDU. The final sample comprised 99 participants. Patients were followed up for 24 months from their recruitment. We used a face-to-face questionnaire to determine sociodemographic and behavioural variables. Quality of life (QoL) and coping strategies (CS) were measured through validated instruments. RESULTS Regarding the QoL dimensions, the general perception of QoL among these participants was considered good. Regarding CS, the adherent patients scored higher than the nonadherents. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that the perceived QoL can be maintained in individuals treated for HIV/AIDS. There is an association between high score of coping strategies and adherence to HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia de Oliveira França
- Post-Graduate Program of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Lorena Rocha Ayres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Pimassoni
- School of Medicine, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Crispim Cerutti Junior
- Post-Graduate Program of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
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Zoungrana-Yameogo WN, Fassinou LC, Ngwasiri C, Samadoulougou S, Traoré IT, Hien H, Bakiono F, Drabo M, Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F. Adherence to HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women, Non-Pregnant Women, and Men in Burkina Faso: Nationwide Analysis 2019-2020. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:1037-1047. [PMID: 35444410 PMCID: PMC9013679 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s354242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) services in Burkina-Faso, achieving an AIDS-free generation depends on optimal ART adherence. However, no data exists on the population group differences on the level of ART adherence in Burkina-Faso. This study analyzes ART adherence among pregnant-and breastfeeding-women, non-pregnant women, and men in Burkina-Faso. METHODS From December 2019 to March 2020, a cross-sectional study among adult HIV-infected patients in Burkina-Faso, belonging either to the active file or the Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission programs was conducted. An analysis was performed and adherence was measured based on the number of times, patients did not meet the number of doses prescribed and did not take the ART treatment in the month prior to the survey. Logistic-regression models were used to identify factors associated with poor ART adherence and the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were reported. RESULTS The prevalence of good adherence was higher in the group of pregnant-and breastfeeding-women (86.6%, n = 112) compared to the other groups (73.1%, n=1017 in non-pregnant women and 72.0%, n = 318 in men). No association was found between ART adherence and the socio-demographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of pregnant-and breastfeeding-women and men groups. However, non-pregnant women with a high level of education (aOR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.16-2.49), having ever belonged to a support group (aOR= 1.47; 95% CI: 1.07-2.04), not having income-generating occupations (aOR= 1.53; 95% CI: 1.11-2.12), and in advanced clinical stage (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI: 1.06-1.91) were more susceptible to have poor adherence compared to their pairs. CONCLUSION Findings showed a large difference in ART adherence among pregnant-and breastfeeding-women, non-pregnant women and men and highlight the need for differentiated healthcare delivery according to population while specifically considering addressing the interest in early initiation of treatment and the benefit of support groups meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucresse Corine Fassinou
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Correspondence: Lucresse Corine Fassinou, Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, Email
| | - Calypse Ngwasiri
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Sekou Samadoulougou
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Centre for Research on Planning and Development (CRAD), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Isidore Tiandiogo Traoré
- Service d’information et d’épidémiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tengandogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Hervé Hien
- Service d’information et d’épidémiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tengandogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Fidèle Bakiono
- Secrétariat Permanent du conseil national de lutte contre le SIDA et les infections sexuellement transmissible, ministère de la santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Maxime Drabo
- Département biomédical et santé publique, Institut de recherche en sciences de la santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de santé publique de l’Ecole doctorale des sciences de la santé (ED2S), Université Joseph Ki Zerbo Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgique
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Oluoch T, Cornet R, Muthusi J, Katana A, Kimanga D, Kwaro D, Okeyo N, Abu-Hanna A, de Keizer N. A clinical decision support system is associated with reduced loss to follow-up among patients receiving HIV treatment in Kenya: a cluster randomized trial. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2021; 21:357. [PMID: 34930228 PMCID: PMC8686234 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-021-01718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loss to follow-up (LFTU) among HIV patients remains a major obstacle to achieving treatment goals with the risk of failure to achieve viral suppression and thereby increased HIV transmission. Although use of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) has been shown to improve adherence to HIV clinical guidance, to our knowledge, this is among the first studies conducted to show its effect on LTFU in low-resource settings. Methods We analyzed data from a cluster randomized controlled trial in adults and children (aged ≥ 18 months) who were receiving antiretroviral therapy at 20 HIV clinics in western Kenya between Sept 1, 2012 and Jan 31, 2014. Participating clinics were randomly assigned, via block randomization. Clinics in the control arm had electronic health records (EHR) only while the intervention arm had an EHR with CDSS. The study objectives were to assess the effects of a CDSS, implemented as alerts on an EHR system, on: (1) the proportion of patients that were LTFU, (2) LTFU patients traced and successfully linked back to treatment, and (3) time from enrollment on the study to documentation of LTFU. Results Among 5901 eligible patients receiving ART, 40.6% (n = 2396) were LTFU during the study period. CDSS was associated with lower LTFU among the patients (Adjusted Odds Ratio—aOR 0.70 (95% CI 0.65–0.77)). The proportions of patients linked back to treatment were 25.8% (95% CI 21.5–25.0) and 30.6% (95% CI 27.9–33.4)) in EHR only and EHR with CDSS sites respectively. CDSS was marginally associated with reduced time from enrollment on the study to first documentation of LTFU (adjusted Hazard Ratio—aHR 0.85 (95% CI 0.78–0.92)). Conclusion A CDSS can potentially improve quality of care through reduction and early detection of defaulting and LTFU among HIV patients and their re-engagement in care in a resource-limited country. Future research is needed on how CDSS can best be combined with other interventions to reduce LTFU. Trial registration NCT01634802. Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov on 12-Jul-2012. Registered prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Oluoch
- Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, GA, 30329, Atlanta, USA.
| | - Ronald Cornet
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Muthusi
- Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Abraham Katana
- Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Davies Kimanga
- Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Kwaro
- Kenya Medical Research Institute - CDC Collaborative Program, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Nicky Okeyo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute - CDC Collaborative Program, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ameen Abu-Hanna
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette de Keizer
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wagner Z, Mukasa B, Nakakande J, Stecher C, Saya U, Linnemayr S. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Use of HIV Care, Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence, and Viral Suppression: An Observational Cohort Study From Uganda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 88:448-456. [PMID: 34757973 PMCID: PMC8575089 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies project thousands of additional AIDS-related deaths because of COVID-19-related disruptions in HIV care. However, the extent to which disruptions in care have materialized since the start of the pandemic is not well understood. METHODS We use electronic health records to investigate how the pandemic has affected clinic visits, patients' antiretroviral therapy (ART) supply, and viral suppression for a cohort of 14,632 HIV clients from a large HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda. We complement this with an analysis of electronically measured longitudinal ART adherence data from a subcohort of 324 clients. RESULTS Clinic visits decreased by more than 50% after a national lockdown started. The risk of patients running out of ART on a given day increased from 5% before the lockdown to 25% 3 months later (Relative Risk Ratio of 5.11, 95% confidence interval: 4.99 to 5.24) and remained higher than prelockdown 6 months later at 13% (Relative Risk Ratio of 2.60; 95% confidence interval: 2.52 to 2.70). There was no statistically significant change in electronically measured adherence or viral suppression. CONCLUSION We document substantial gaps in HIV care after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda. This suggests that measures to improve access should be explored as the pandemic persists. However, ART adherence was unaffected for the subcohort for whom we measured electronic adherence. This suggests that some clients may have stockpiles of ART tablets from previous prescriptions that allowed them to keep taking their medication even when they could not visit the clinic for ART refills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Wagner
- Department of Economics, Sociology and Statistics, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA
- Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, CA
| | | | | | - Chad Stecher
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Uzaib Saya
- Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Sebastian Linnemayr
- Department of Economics, Sociology and Statistics, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA
- Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, CA
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Castro-Granell V, Garin N, Jaén Á, Casado JL, Leal L, Cenoz S, Fuster-RuizdeApodaca MJ. Recreational Drug Use in People Living with HIV in Spain: Factors Associated with Drug Use and the Impact on Clinical Outcomes. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:3883-3897. [PMID: 33932187 PMCID: PMC8602223 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We analysed the impact of recreational drug use (RDU) on different outcomes in people living with HIV (PLHIV). A multicentre retrospective cohort study was performed with two cohorts of PLHIV included: people using recreational drugs (PURD) vs. people not using recreational drugs (PNURD). Overall, 275 PLHIV were included. RDU was associated with men having sex with men (OR 4.14, 95% CI [1.14, 5.19]), previous sexually transmitted infections (OR 4.00, 95% CI [1.97, 8.13]), and current smoking (OR 2.74, 95% CI [1.44, 5.19]). While the CD4/CD8 ratio increased amongst PNURD during the follow-up year, it decreased amongst PURD (p = 0.050). PURD presented lower scores of self-reported and multi-interval antiretroviral adherence (p = 0.017, and p = 0.006, respectively), emotional well-being (p < 0.0001), and regular follow-up (p = 0.059), but paid more visits to the emergency unit (p = 0.046). RDU worsens clinical, immunological, and mental health outcomes amongst PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castro-Granell
- Doctoral Programme in Pharmacy, Granada University, Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Marina Baixa, Av. Alcalde En Jaume Botella Mayor, 7, 03570 Villajoyosa, Alicante Spain
| | - Noé Garin
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- School of Health Science Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángeles Jaén
- Research Unit, Fundació Docència i Recerca mutua Terrassa. Universidad de Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona Spain
| | - José Luis Casado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorna Leal
- Infectious Diseases-HIV Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona- IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Cenoz
- Medical Department, ViiV Healthcare, Tres Cantos, Madrid Spain
| | - María José Fuster-RuizdeApodaca
- Spanish Interdisciplinary AIDS Society (Sociedad Española Interdisciplinaria del Sida, SEISIDA), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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20
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Somi N, Dear N, Reed D, Parikh A, Lwilla A, Bahemana E, Khamadi S, Iroezindu M, Kibuuka H, Maswai J, Crowell TA, Owuoth J, Maganga L, Polyak C, Ake J, Esber A. Perceived satisfaction with HIV care and its association with adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression in the African Cohort Study. AIDS Res Ther 2021; 18:89. [PMID: 34823544 PMCID: PMC8614053 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-021-00414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased availability of HIV care over the past decade has dramatically reduced morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa. However, perceived and experienced barriers to care, including dissatisfaction with services, may impact adherence and viral suppression. We examined the associations between satisfaction with HIV care and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and viral load suppression. Methods The African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) is a prospective observational study conducted at PEPFAR-supported clinics in four African countries. At enrollment and twice-yearly study visits, participants received a clinical assessment and a socio-behavioral questionnaire was administered. Participants were classified as dissatisfied with care if they reported dissatisfaction with any of the following: waiting time, health care worker skills, health care worker attitudes, quality of clinic building, or overall quality of care received. Robust Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between satisfaction with care and ART adherence and between satisfaction with care and viral suppression (viral load < 1000 copies/mL). Results As of 1 March 2020, 2928 PLWH were enrolled and 2311 had a year of follow-up visits. At the first annual follow-up visit, 2309 participants responded to questions regarding satisfaction with quality of care, and 2069 (89.6%) reported satisfaction with care. Dissatisfaction with waiting time was reported by 177 (7.6%), building quality by 59 (2.6%), overall quality of care by 18 (0.8%), health care worker attitudes by 16 (0.7%), and health care worker skills by 15 (0.7%). After adjusting for age and site, there was no significant difference in viral suppression between those who were satisfied with care and those who were dissatisfied (aPR: 1.03, 95% CI 0.97–1.09). Satisfaction with HIV care was moderately associated with ART adherence among AFRICOS participants (aPR: 1.09; 95% CI 1.00–1.16). Conclusions While patient satisfaction in AFRICOS was high and the association between perceived quality of care and adherence to ART was marginal, we did identify potential target areas for HIV care improvement, including reducing clinic waiting times. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12981-021-00414-3.
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21
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Tarquino IAP, Venables E, Simone RR, de Amaral Fidelis JM, Decroo T. "I don't know when he will be back": life-changing events challenge the community ART Group model- a qualitative research study, Tete, Mozambique. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2004. [PMID: 34736432 PMCID: PMC8567643 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since 2008 in Mozambique, patients stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART) can join Community ART Groups (CAG), peer groups in which members are involved in adherence support and community ART delivery. More than 10 years after the implementation of the first CAGs, we study how changes in circumstance and daily life events of CAG members have affected the CAG dynamic. Methods A qualitative study using individual in-depth interviews (27) and focus group discussions (8) with CAG members and health care providers was carried out in Tete province, rural Mozambique. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Data were transcribed and translated, and manual thematic analysis carried out to identify codes, which were then categorized in sub-themes and themes. Results Data were collected from 61 CAG members and 18 health-care providers in 2017. The CAG dynamic was affected by life events and changing circumstances including a loss of geographical proximity or a change in social relationships. Family CAGs facilitated reporting and ART distribution, but conflict between CAG members meant some CAGs ceased to function. In some CAGs, the dynamic changed as pill counts were not carried out, members met less frequently or stopped meeting entirely. Some members did not collect ART at the facility when it was their turn, and others stopped taking ART completely. Health care providers were reported to push people living with HIV to join CAGs, instead of allowing voluntary participation. Some CAGs responded to adherence challenges by strengthening peer support through counselling and observed pill intake. Health-care providers agreed that strengthening CAG rules and membership criteria could help to overcome the identified problems. Conclusions Changing life circumstances, changes in relationships and a lack of participation by CAG members altered the CAG dynamic, which sometimes affected adherence. Some CAGs responded to challenges by intensifying peer support, including to those diagnosed with virological failure. To ensure flexible implementation and modification of CAGs to the inevitable changes in life circumstances of its members, feedback mechanisms should be implemented between CAG members and the health-care providers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12087-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Venables
- Southern Africa Medical Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rajá Reis Simone
- Médecins sans Frontières, Tete, Mozambique.,OMES- PASSOS Project, Tete, Mozambique
| | | | - Tom Decroo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of HIV/AIDS & Infectious Diseases, Nationalestraat, 155 2000, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium.
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22
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Xavier Hall CD, Morgan E, Bundy C, Foran JE, Janulis P, Newcomb ME, Mustanski B. Substance Use Predicts Sustained Viral Suppression in a Community Cohort of Sexual and Gender Minority Youth Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:3303-3315. [PMID: 33582890 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Retention in care and sustained viral suppression are integral outcomes in the care continuum for people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV prevention; however, less is known about how substance use predicts sustained viral suppression over time. This study seeks to examine the predictive effects of substance use on sustained viral suppression in a sample of cisgender sexual minority men and gender minority PLWH (n = 163) drawn from a longitudinal sample in the Chicago area collected 2015-2019. Using data from 3 visits separated by 6 months, participants were coded persistently detectable, inconsistently virally suppressed, and consistently virally suppressed (< 40 copies/mL at all visits). Multinomial logistic regressions were utilized. About 40% of participants had sustained viral suppression. In multinomial logistic regressions, CUDIT-R predicted persistent detectable status and stimulant use was associated with inconsistent viral suppression. Substance use may create challenges in achieving sustained viral suppression, which has important implications for care and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey D Xavier Hall
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ethan Morgan
- Infectious Disease Institute, College of Nursing, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Camille Bundy
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James E Foran
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick Janulis
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael E Newcomb
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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23
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Anakwa NO, Teye‐Kwadjo E, Kretchy IA. Illness perceptions, social support and antiretroviral medication adherence in people living with HIV in the greater Accra region, Ghana. Nurs Open 2021; 8:2595-2604. [PMID: 33626226 PMCID: PMC8363381 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess how illness perceptions and social support influence antiretroviral medication adherence in a HIV patient population in Ghana. DESIGN This study used a correlational research design with cross-sectional data. METHOD A total of 235 people living with HIV at two general hospitals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana provided data on illness perceptions, social support and medication adherence. Hierarchical multiple regression test was used to analyse the data. RESULTS Illness perceptions' facets of timeline, personal control and treatment control were negatively associated with medication adherence, whereas emotional response was positively associated with adherence. Further, significant other support was negatively associated with adherence. Family and friend support were not associated with adherence. The findings offer preliminary evidence that illness perceptions may have utility for medication adherence in a HIV patient population in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella O. Anakwa
- Department of PsychologySchool of Social SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana
| | - Enoch Teye‐Kwadjo
- Department of PsychologySchool of Social SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana
| | - Irene A. Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical PharmacySchool of PharmacyUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana
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24
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Ramaiya MK, Haight E, Simoni JM, Chéry JM, Dervis W, Genna W, Dubé JG, Calixte G, Balan JG, Honoré JG, Puttkammer N. Patient-Provider Communication and Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills in HIV-Positive Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Haiti. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2021; 19:2325958220952631. [PMID: 32924764 PMCID: PMC7493277 DOI: 10.1177/2325958220952631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While Haiti has scaled up use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), current studies suggest sub-optimal adherence threatens long-term viral suppression in this understudied setting. Patient-provider communication (PPC) and information, motivation, and behavioral skills (IMB) have been implicated in ART adherence globally. However, no studies have examined their relevance in Haiti. The present mixed-methods study utilized cross-sectional survey data from 128 ART-initiating patients at 2 large HIV treatment sites in Haiti, as well as observational data from 12 clinic visits, to document associations between adherence-related PPC and IMB. Multivariate regression analyses suggested that PPC is associated with IMB constructs. At the bivariate level, more effective PPC was associated with higher levels of adherence-related information and motivation, but not behavioral skills. Observational findings indicate infrequent and non-collaborative adherence support. Taken together, findings lay the groundwork for additional research in the area of PPC, IMB, and ART adherence in Haiti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Ramaiya
- Department of Psychology, 7284University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Haight
- Department of Global Health, 7284University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jane M Simoni
- Department of Psychology, 7284University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jean Marcxime Chéry
- Centre Haïtien pour le Renforcement du Système de Santé (CHARESS), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Witson Dervis
- Centre Haïtien pour le Renforcement du Système de Santé (CHARESS), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Wilner Genna
- Justinien University Hospital, Cape Haitian, Haiti
| | | | | | - Jean Gabriel Balan
- Centre Haïtien pour le Renforcement du Système de Santé (CHARESS), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Jean Guy Honoré
- Centre Haïtien pour le Renforcement du Système de Santé (CHARESS), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Nancy Puttkammer
- Department of Global Health, 7284University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,International Training & Education Center for Health (I-TECH), Seattle, WA, USA
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25
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Tegegne AS. Socio-Demographic, Economic and Clinical Predictors for HAART Adherence Competence in HIV-Positive Adults at Felege Hiwot Teaching and Specialized Hospital, North West Ethiopia. HIV AIDS-RESEARCH AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2021; 13:749-758. [PMID: 34267557 PMCID: PMC8277417 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s320170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Currently, around 36.7 million people in the world are living with HIV. Among these, 52% are living in sub-Saharan Africa. The main objective of this study was to identify socio-demographic economic and clinical factors associated with HAART adherence competence in successive visits among adult HIV patients after commencement of their treatment. Methods A retrospective cohort study design was conducted on a random sample of 792 treatment attendants. The samples were selected using stratified random samples technique considering their residence area as strata. Secondary data were used in this study. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to identify predictors of HAART adherence competence over time. Results In this longitudinal study, factors affecting long-term HAART adherence competence in successive visits were identified. Among the predictors, marital status (mean = 3.97, variance = 0.6, p = 0.021), level of disclosure of the disease (mean = 6.24, variance = 0.29, p = 0.012), residence area (mean = 3.97, variance = 0.6, p = 0.021), level of education (mean = 2.04, variance= 0.81, p = 0.012), ownership of cell phone (mean = 2.99, variance = 0.68, p = 0.034), household income (mean = 6.37, variance = 0.53, p = 0.002), age of patients (mean = –2.78, variance = 56.64, p = 0.023), sex of patients (mean = –1.25, variance = 0.88, p = 0.036), weight (mean = –2.89, 42.36, p = 0.001), initial CD4 cell count (mean = 2.57, variance = 158.48, p = 0.015) and WHO stages (mean = 2.37, variance = 0.78, p = 0.026) were directly associated with retention of medication care. On the other hand, medication care was significantly and independently associated with longitudinal adherence competence. Conclusion The outcome variable in successive visits increased with the number of follow-up visits, but the rate of increase was different for different groups, such as urban and rural, and for those patients disclosing and not disclosing the disease to family members. An integrated health-related education should be given for non-adherent patients like rural residents, patients living without partners, patients with no cell phone and aged patients.
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26
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Sok P, Mgbere O, Pompeii L, Essien EJ. Evaluation of the Sociodemographic, Behavioral and Clinical Influences on Complete Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among HIV-Infected Adults Receiving Medical Care in Houston, Texas. HIV AIDS-RESEARCH AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2021; 13:539-555. [PMID: 34040451 PMCID: PMC8140896 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s303791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Few studies have estimated complete antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence following HIV infection since the advent of the new ART guidelines in 2012. This study determined the prevalence and influence of sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors on complete ART adherence among people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving medical care in Houston/Harris County, Texas. Methods Data from the Houston Medical Monitoring Project survey collected from 2009 to 2014 among 1073 participants were used in this study. The primary outcome evaluated was combined adherence, defined as complete, partial, and incomplete combined adherence based on three ART adherence types—dose, schedule, and instruction adherence. The duration living since initial HIV diagnosis was classified as <5, 5–10 and >10 years. Rao–Scott Chi-square test and multivariable proportional-odds cumulative logit regression models were employed to identify the sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of complete combined adherence among the three groups of PLWH living with HIV infection. Results More than one-half (54.4%) of PLWH had complete, 37.4% had partial, and 8.3% had incomplete combined adherence. Among these PLWH, 52.2% had been infected with HIV for >10 years, and 26.5% and 21.4% were infected for <5 years and 5–10 years, respectively. PLWH who were diagnosed <5 and 5–10 years were two times (aOR=1.71, 95% CI=1.13–2.57; aOR=1.69, 95% CI=1.10–2.59; respectively) more likely to experience complete combined adherence than those with >10 years of infection. Multiple sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics were significantly associated with complete adherence and varied by the duration of HIV infection. Conclusion Measures of adherence should include all adherence types (dose, schedule, instruction), as utilizing a single adherence type will overestimate adherence level in PLWH receiving medical care. Intervention efforts to maintain adherence should target recently infected PLWH, while those aimed at improving adherence should focus on longer infected PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pagna Sok
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Osaro Mgbere
- Disease Prevention and Control Division, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute of Community Health, University of Houston, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Pompeii
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ekere James Essien
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute of Community Health, University of Houston, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
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27
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SteelFisher GK, McMurtry CL, Caporello HL, McGowan E, Schafer TJ, Lubell KM, Friedman AL, Allen J, Shockey C, Grady A, Ben-Porath EN. Experiences and Views of Domestic Summer Travelers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a National Survey. Health Secur 2021; 19:338-348. [PMID: 34030469 PMCID: PMC8217589 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2020.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic travel creates a serious risk of spreading COVID-19, including novel strains of the virus. Motivating potential travelers to take precautions is critical, especially for those at higher risk for severe illness. To provide an evidence base for communication efforts, we examined the experiences and views of travelers during the summer of 2020 through a telephone survey of 1,968 US adults, conducted in English and Spanish, July 2 through July 16, 2020. The survey found that more than one-quarter (28%) of adults had traveled domestically in the prior 30 days, most commonly for "vacation" (43%), and less than half wore masks (46%) or practiced social distancing (47%) "all of the time." Although high-risk adults were significantly less likely to travel than non-high-risk adults (23% vs 31%; P < .001), they were no more likely to take precautions. Many travelers did not wear a mask or practice social distancing because they felt such actions were unnecessary (eg, they were outside or with friends and family). Although a substantial share of travelers (43% to 53%) trusted public health agencies "a great deal" for information about reducing risks while traveling, more travelers (73%) trusted their own healthcare providers. Findings suggest that outreach may be improved by partnering with providers to emphasize the benefits of layering precautions and provide targeted education to high-risk individuals. Messages that are empathetic to the need to reduce stress and convey how precautions can protect loved ones may be particularly resonant after more than a year of pandemic-related restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian K. SteelFisher
- Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is a Senior Research Scientist and Deputy Director; Caitlin L. McMurtry, SM, is a Research Fellow; and Hannah L. Caporello is Program Manager; all at the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), Boston, MA. Caitlin L. McMurtry is also a PhD Candidate, PhD Program in Health Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Ericka McGowan, MS, is Senior Director, Immunization and Infectious Disease Team, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), Arlington, VA. Thomas J. Schafer is Project Director, National Public Health Information Coalition, Canton, GA. Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, Division of Emergency Operations, Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Allison L. Friedman, MS, is a Health Communications Specialist; Jessica Allen, MPH, MSW, is a Health Communications Specialist, Travelers' Health Branch; and Caitlin Shockey, JD, is Associate Director for Communication; all in the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Alison Grady, MPH, is a Health Communications Strategist, Kapili Services, LLC, Atlanta, GA. Eran N. Ben-Porath, PhD, is Executive Vice President, SSRS, Glen Mills, PA. All authors acted in a personal capacity. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC, any other portion of the Government of the United States, ASTHO, National Public Health Information Coalition, HSPH, Harvard University, or SSRS. The study was conducted through a cooperative agreement between CDC and ASTHO, who subsequently subcontracted to HSPH
| | - Caitlin L. McMurtry
- Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is a Senior Research Scientist and Deputy Director; Caitlin L. McMurtry, SM, is a Research Fellow; and Hannah L. Caporello is Program Manager; all at the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), Boston, MA. Caitlin L. McMurtry is also a PhD Candidate, PhD Program in Health Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Ericka McGowan, MS, is Senior Director, Immunization and Infectious Disease Team, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), Arlington, VA. Thomas J. Schafer is Project Director, National Public Health Information Coalition, Canton, GA. Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, Division of Emergency Operations, Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Allison L. Friedman, MS, is a Health Communications Specialist; Jessica Allen, MPH, MSW, is a Health Communications Specialist, Travelers' Health Branch; and Caitlin Shockey, JD, is Associate Director for Communication; all in the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Alison Grady, MPH, is a Health Communications Strategist, Kapili Services, LLC, Atlanta, GA. Eran N. Ben-Porath, PhD, is Executive Vice President, SSRS, Glen Mills, PA. All authors acted in a personal capacity. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC, any other portion of the Government of the United States, ASTHO, National Public Health Information Coalition, HSPH, Harvard University, or SSRS. The study was conducted through a cooperative agreement between CDC and ASTHO, who subsequently subcontracted to HSPH
| | - Hannah L. Caporello
- Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is a Senior Research Scientist and Deputy Director; Caitlin L. McMurtry, SM, is a Research Fellow; and Hannah L. Caporello is Program Manager; all at the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), Boston, MA. Caitlin L. McMurtry is also a PhD Candidate, PhD Program in Health Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Ericka McGowan, MS, is Senior Director, Immunization and Infectious Disease Team, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), Arlington, VA. Thomas J. Schafer is Project Director, National Public Health Information Coalition, Canton, GA. Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, Division of Emergency Operations, Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Allison L. Friedman, MS, is a Health Communications Specialist; Jessica Allen, MPH, MSW, is a Health Communications Specialist, Travelers' Health Branch; and Caitlin Shockey, JD, is Associate Director for Communication; all in the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Alison Grady, MPH, is a Health Communications Strategist, Kapili Services, LLC, Atlanta, GA. Eran N. Ben-Porath, PhD, is Executive Vice President, SSRS, Glen Mills, PA. All authors acted in a personal capacity. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC, any other portion of the Government of the United States, ASTHO, National Public Health Information Coalition, HSPH, Harvard University, or SSRS. The study was conducted through a cooperative agreement between CDC and ASTHO, who subsequently subcontracted to HSPH
| | - Ericka McGowan
- Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is a Senior Research Scientist and Deputy Director; Caitlin L. McMurtry, SM, is a Research Fellow; and Hannah L. Caporello is Program Manager; all at the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), Boston, MA. Caitlin L. McMurtry is also a PhD Candidate, PhD Program in Health Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Ericka McGowan, MS, is Senior Director, Immunization and Infectious Disease Team, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), Arlington, VA. Thomas J. Schafer is Project Director, National Public Health Information Coalition, Canton, GA. Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, Division of Emergency Operations, Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Allison L. Friedman, MS, is a Health Communications Specialist; Jessica Allen, MPH, MSW, is a Health Communications Specialist, Travelers' Health Branch; and Caitlin Shockey, JD, is Associate Director for Communication; all in the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Alison Grady, MPH, is a Health Communications Strategist, Kapili Services, LLC, Atlanta, GA. Eran N. Ben-Porath, PhD, is Executive Vice President, SSRS, Glen Mills, PA. All authors acted in a personal capacity. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC, any other portion of the Government of the United States, ASTHO, National Public Health Information Coalition, HSPH, Harvard University, or SSRS. The study was conducted through a cooperative agreement between CDC and ASTHO, who subsequently subcontracted to HSPH
| | - Thomas J. Schafer
- Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is a Senior Research Scientist and Deputy Director; Caitlin L. McMurtry, SM, is a Research Fellow; and Hannah L. Caporello is Program Manager; all at the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), Boston, MA. Caitlin L. McMurtry is also a PhD Candidate, PhD Program in Health Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Ericka McGowan, MS, is Senior Director, Immunization and Infectious Disease Team, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), Arlington, VA. Thomas J. Schafer is Project Director, National Public Health Information Coalition, Canton, GA. Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, Division of Emergency Operations, Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Allison L. Friedman, MS, is a Health Communications Specialist; Jessica Allen, MPH, MSW, is a Health Communications Specialist, Travelers' Health Branch; and Caitlin Shockey, JD, is Associate Director for Communication; all in the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Alison Grady, MPH, is a Health Communications Strategist, Kapili Services, LLC, Atlanta, GA. Eran N. Ben-Porath, PhD, is Executive Vice President, SSRS, Glen Mills, PA. All authors acted in a personal capacity. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC, any other portion of the Government of the United States, ASTHO, National Public Health Information Coalition, HSPH, Harvard University, or SSRS. The study was conducted through a cooperative agreement between CDC and ASTHO, who subsequently subcontracted to HSPH
| | - Keri M. Lubell
- Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is a Senior Research Scientist and Deputy Director; Caitlin L. McMurtry, SM, is a Research Fellow; and Hannah L. Caporello is Program Manager; all at the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), Boston, MA. Caitlin L. McMurtry is also a PhD Candidate, PhD Program in Health Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Ericka McGowan, MS, is Senior Director, Immunization and Infectious Disease Team, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), Arlington, VA. Thomas J. Schafer is Project Director, National Public Health Information Coalition, Canton, GA. Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, Division of Emergency Operations, Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Allison L. Friedman, MS, is a Health Communications Specialist; Jessica Allen, MPH, MSW, is a Health Communications Specialist, Travelers' Health Branch; and Caitlin Shockey, JD, is Associate Director for Communication; all in the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Alison Grady, MPH, is a Health Communications Strategist, Kapili Services, LLC, Atlanta, GA. Eran N. Ben-Porath, PhD, is Executive Vice President, SSRS, Glen Mills, PA. All authors acted in a personal capacity. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC, any other portion of the Government of the United States, ASTHO, National Public Health Information Coalition, HSPH, Harvard University, or SSRS. The study was conducted through a cooperative agreement between CDC and ASTHO, who subsequently subcontracted to HSPH
| | - Allison L. Friedman
- Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is a Senior Research Scientist and Deputy Director; Caitlin L. McMurtry, SM, is a Research Fellow; and Hannah L. Caporello is Program Manager; all at the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), Boston, MA. Caitlin L. McMurtry is also a PhD Candidate, PhD Program in Health Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Ericka McGowan, MS, is Senior Director, Immunization and Infectious Disease Team, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), Arlington, VA. Thomas J. Schafer is Project Director, National Public Health Information Coalition, Canton, GA. Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, Division of Emergency Operations, Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Allison L. Friedman, MS, is a Health Communications Specialist; Jessica Allen, MPH, MSW, is a Health Communications Specialist, Travelers' Health Branch; and Caitlin Shockey, JD, is Associate Director for Communication; all in the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Alison Grady, MPH, is a Health Communications Strategist, Kapili Services, LLC, Atlanta, GA. Eran N. Ben-Porath, PhD, is Executive Vice President, SSRS, Glen Mills, PA. All authors acted in a personal capacity. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC, any other portion of the Government of the United States, ASTHO, National Public Health Information Coalition, HSPH, Harvard University, or SSRS. The study was conducted through a cooperative agreement between CDC and ASTHO, who subsequently subcontracted to HSPH
| | - Jessica Allen
- Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is a Senior Research Scientist and Deputy Director; Caitlin L. McMurtry, SM, is a Research Fellow; and Hannah L. Caporello is Program Manager; all at the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), Boston, MA. Caitlin L. McMurtry is also a PhD Candidate, PhD Program in Health Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Ericka McGowan, MS, is Senior Director, Immunization and Infectious Disease Team, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), Arlington, VA. Thomas J. Schafer is Project Director, National Public Health Information Coalition, Canton, GA. Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, Division of Emergency Operations, Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Allison L. Friedman, MS, is a Health Communications Specialist; Jessica Allen, MPH, MSW, is a Health Communications Specialist, Travelers' Health Branch; and Caitlin Shockey, JD, is Associate Director for Communication; all in the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Alison Grady, MPH, is a Health Communications Strategist, Kapili Services, LLC, Atlanta, GA. Eran N. Ben-Porath, PhD, is Executive Vice President, SSRS, Glen Mills, PA. All authors acted in a personal capacity. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC, any other portion of the Government of the United States, ASTHO, National Public Health Information Coalition, HSPH, Harvard University, or SSRS. The study was conducted through a cooperative agreement between CDC and ASTHO, who subsequently subcontracted to HSPH
| | - Caitlin Shockey
- Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is a Senior Research Scientist and Deputy Director; Caitlin L. McMurtry, SM, is a Research Fellow; and Hannah L. Caporello is Program Manager; all at the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), Boston, MA. Caitlin L. McMurtry is also a PhD Candidate, PhD Program in Health Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Ericka McGowan, MS, is Senior Director, Immunization and Infectious Disease Team, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), Arlington, VA. Thomas J. Schafer is Project Director, National Public Health Information Coalition, Canton, GA. Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, Division of Emergency Operations, Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Allison L. Friedman, MS, is a Health Communications Specialist; Jessica Allen, MPH, MSW, is a Health Communications Specialist, Travelers' Health Branch; and Caitlin Shockey, JD, is Associate Director for Communication; all in the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Alison Grady, MPH, is a Health Communications Strategist, Kapili Services, LLC, Atlanta, GA. Eran N. Ben-Porath, PhD, is Executive Vice President, SSRS, Glen Mills, PA. All authors acted in a personal capacity. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC, any other portion of the Government of the United States, ASTHO, National Public Health Information Coalition, HSPH, Harvard University, or SSRS. The study was conducted through a cooperative agreement between CDC and ASTHO, who subsequently subcontracted to HSPH
| | - Alison Grady
- Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is a Senior Research Scientist and Deputy Director; Caitlin L. McMurtry, SM, is a Research Fellow; and Hannah L. Caporello is Program Manager; all at the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), Boston, MA. Caitlin L. McMurtry is also a PhD Candidate, PhD Program in Health Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Ericka McGowan, MS, is Senior Director, Immunization and Infectious Disease Team, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), Arlington, VA. Thomas J. Schafer is Project Director, National Public Health Information Coalition, Canton, GA. Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, Division of Emergency Operations, Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Allison L. Friedman, MS, is a Health Communications Specialist; Jessica Allen, MPH, MSW, is a Health Communications Specialist, Travelers' Health Branch; and Caitlin Shockey, JD, is Associate Director for Communication; all in the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Alison Grady, MPH, is a Health Communications Strategist, Kapili Services, LLC, Atlanta, GA. Eran N. Ben-Porath, PhD, is Executive Vice President, SSRS, Glen Mills, PA. All authors acted in a personal capacity. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC, any other portion of the Government of the United States, ASTHO, National Public Health Information Coalition, HSPH, Harvard University, or SSRS. The study was conducted through a cooperative agreement between CDC and ASTHO, who subsequently subcontracted to HSPH
| | - Eran N. Ben-Porath
- Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is a Senior Research Scientist and Deputy Director; Caitlin L. McMurtry, SM, is a Research Fellow; and Hannah L. Caporello is Program Manager; all at the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), Boston, MA. Caitlin L. McMurtry is also a PhD Candidate, PhD Program in Health Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Ericka McGowan, MS, is Senior Director, Immunization and Infectious Disease Team, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), Arlington, VA. Thomas J. Schafer is Project Director, National Public Health Information Coalition, Canton, GA. Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, Division of Emergency Operations, Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Allison L. Friedman, MS, is a Health Communications Specialist; Jessica Allen, MPH, MSW, is a Health Communications Specialist, Travelers' Health Branch; and Caitlin Shockey, JD, is Associate Director for Communication; all in the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Alison Grady, MPH, is a Health Communications Strategist, Kapili Services, LLC, Atlanta, GA. Eran N. Ben-Porath, PhD, is Executive Vice President, SSRS, Glen Mills, PA. All authors acted in a personal capacity. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC, any other portion of the Government of the United States, ASTHO, National Public Health Information Coalition, HSPH, Harvard University, or SSRS. The study was conducted through a cooperative agreement between CDC and ASTHO, who subsequently subcontracted to HSPH
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Factors Affecting Social Support Status of People Living with HIV/AIDS at Selected Hospitals of North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. J Trop Med 2021; 2021:6695298. [PMID: 33884002 PMCID: PMC8041550 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6695298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, millions of people are affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Acquired immunodeficiency was linked with psychosocial problems, whereby stigma and discrimination are the most common. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the level of the social support problem in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) and factors associated with it at selected hospitals of North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Method An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 422 PLHIV were involved in the study. A multidimensional perceived social support scale (MPSSS) for the measurement of social support problems was implemented. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit the study population after selecting study areas by lottery methods. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed via SPSS software. The statistical association was declared at a p value of less than 0.05 in the final model. Result The prevalence of poor social support among study participants was 12.6%. Poor adherence to their antiretrovirus drugs was highly associated with poor social support (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.36, 3.13). Moreover, psychological distress (AOR = 4.67, 95% CI: 2.02, 10.81) and perceived stigma (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.70) were positively associated. Conclusion The burden of poor social support is increasingly affecting the lives of PLHIV. Poor social support in PLHIV is more magnified by poor adherence, having psychological distress, and perceived stigma.
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A three-arm randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a positive psychology and social networking intervention in promoting mental health among HIV-infected men who have sex with men in China. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2021; 30:e24. [PMID: 33736740 PMCID: PMC8061281 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796021000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS There is a lack of mental health promotion and treatment services targeting HIV-positive men who have sex with men (HIVMSM) in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health promotion efficacy of an online intervention that combined Three Good Things (TGT) with electronic social networking (TGT-SN) and an intervention that used TGT only (TGT-only), compared with a control group. METHODS We conducted a randomised controlled trial among HIVMSM in Chengdu, China. The participants were randomly assigned to the TGT-SN, TGT-only, and control groups. The participants in the TGT-SN group were divided into five social network groups and asked to post brief messages to the group about three good things that they had experienced and for which they felt grateful. The participants in the TGT-only group were only required to write down their three good things daily without sharing them with others. The control group received information about mental health promotion once a week for a month. The primary outcome was probable depression. Secondary outcomes were anxiety, positive and negative affect, gratitude, happiness and social support. These outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the intervention. Repeated-measures analyses were conducted using generalised estimation equations. The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-TRC-13003252). RESULTS Between June 2013 and May 2015, 404 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the TGT-SN (n = 129), TGT-only (n = 139) or control group (n = 136). The main effects of TGT-SN (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.75, 95% CI 0.52-1.09; p = 0.131) and TGT-only (aOR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.57-1.21; p = 0.332) in reducing depression were statistically non-significant. The participants of the TGT-SN group showed significantly lower anxiety symptoms (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.43-0.89; p = 0.009) and negative affect (β = -1.62, 95% CI 2.98 to -0.26; p = 0.019) over time compared with those of the control group. No significant main effect was found for any secondary outcomes for the TGT-only group. CONCLUSIONS The novel intervention combining the TGT exercise with electronic social networking was found effective in reducing anxiety and negative affect among HIVMSM.
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Interventions to Improve Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Updated Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052477. [PMID: 33802322 PMCID: PMC7967610 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains the bedrock of effective therapy and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This systematic review examines the effect of interventions in improving ART adherence in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which bears the largest global burden of HIV infection. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, and based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria, PUBMED, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were searched for published studies on ART adherence interventions from 2010 to 2019. Thirty-one eligible studies published between 2010 to 2019 were identified, the categories of interventions were structural, behavioral, biological, cognitive, and combination. Study characteristics varied across design, intervention type, intervention setting, country, and outcome measurements. Many of the studies were behavioral interventions conducted in hospitals with more studies being randomized controlled trial (RCT) interventions. Despite the study variations, twenty-four studies recorded improvements. Notwithstanding, more quality studies such as RCTs should be conducted, especially among key affected populations (KAPs) to control transmission of resistant strains of the virus. Reliable objective measures of adherence should replace the conventional subjective self-report. Furthermore, long-term interventions with longer duration should be considered when evaluating the effectiveness of interventions.
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Paramesha AE, Chacko LK. A Qualitative Study to Identify the Perceptions of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among People Living with HIV. Indian J Community Med 2021; 46:45-50. [PMID: 34035575 PMCID: PMC8117915 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_164_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary health care for marginalized population group such as people living with HIV (PLHIV) is challenging as evidenced by the alarming magnitude of nonadherence to freely available antiretroviral therapy (ART). Successful viral suppression depends on optimum adherence to ART which in turn depends on the client's perceptions toward adherence and ART. Objectives: This study aims at identifying the prevailing perceptions of PLHIV toward adherence to ART. Materials and Methods: A qualitative research was conducted through 7 focused group interviews and 5 in-depth interviews among 44 PLHIV across 3 ART centers of different organizational characteristics. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed through a thematic content analysis approach. Unique perceptions and thoughts identified from each interview were listed and regrouped according to related themes. Data were triangulated across different sources of information such as key informant interview and review of the literature. Results: The median age of PLHIV was 36 years, and the mean duration of ART was 3.53 years. A qualitative analysis of transcribed data yielded stigma, cost, distance, type of health-care setting, and desire for living longer as dominant themes in perceptions of PLHIV toward ART. Conclusion: Overall 70% of perceptual expressions and 15 themes out of 30 themes were related to person related factors that determine the adherence to ART.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leena Kunnath Chacko
- Department Community Health Nursing, Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Sheehan DM, De La Cruz Y, Ramírez-Ortiz D, Swendeman D, Muñoz-Laboy M, Duncan DT, Cano MÁ, Devieux JG, Trepka MJ. A qualitative study of antiretroviral therapy adherence interruptions among young Latino men who have sex with men with HIV: Project D.A.I.L.Y. AIDS Care 2021; 33:962-969. [PMID: 33486977 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1874277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Consistent antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is necessary for HIV viral suppression. However, adherence may fluctuate around daily routines and life events, warranting intervention support. We examined reasons for ART adherence interruptions, using in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews, among young (18-34-year-old) Latino men who have sex with men (YLMSM) with HIV. Interviews (n = 24) were guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Theory, and the Socio-Ecological Model. Two coders independently coded transcripts using NVivo 12 software and synthesized codes into themes using Thematic Content Analysis. Results suggested 4 primary influences on ART adherence interruptions: (1) HIV diagnosis denial, (2) breaks in daily routine, (3) substance use, and (4) HIV status disclosure. Participant quotes highlighted routinization of pill-taking and planning ahead for breaks in routine as critically important. The narrative suggested modification of pill-taking routines during alcohol use, and that periods most vulnerable for long-term interruptions in ART adherence were following an HIV diagnosis and during periods of drug use. Support at the time of HIV diagnosis, including a plan for routinization of pill taking, and adaptive interventions incorporating real-time support during breaks in routines and substance use episodes may be one way to help YLMSM adhere to ARTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Sheehan
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Substance Use and HIV/AIDS Research on Latinos in the United States (C-SALUD), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yazmine De La Cruz
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daisy Ramírez-Ortiz
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dallas Swendeman
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Miguel Muñoz-Laboy
- Community Health and Social Medicine Department, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dustin T Duncan
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Substance Use and HIV/AIDS Research on Latinos in the United States (C-SALUD), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessy G Devieux
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mary Jo Trepka
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Mehari EA, Muche EA, Gonete KA, Shiferaw KB. Treatment Satisfaction and Its Associated Factors of Dolutegravir Based Regimen in a Resource Limited Setting. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:1177-1185. [PMID: 34103901 PMCID: PMC8179804 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s308571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment satisfaction is patient's evaluation of the process of taking the medication and its use. Currently dolutegravir based regimen is first-line agent for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus. But evidence is scarce regarding treatment satisfaction. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess treatment satisfaction and associated factors of dolutegravir based regimen among adult human immunodeficiency virus patients attending at Debre Markos referral 2020. METHODS Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A systematic random sampling technique was used to collect data from June 25 to August 25, 2020 at Debre Markos referral hospital. It was entered into Epi Info and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors. Variables with p<0.05 were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS From a total of 359, 349 participants (97.2%) responded to the study. In this study, 70.5% of participants reported higher treatment satisfaction. Monthly average income of ≥3500 birr (AOR: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.26, 6.58), 1600-2500 birr (AOR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.11, 5.48), 800-1600 birr (AOR: 3.11; 95% CI: 1.31, 7.37), positive belief about medications (AOR: 3.05; 1.76, 5.28), having a discussion with health care providers (AOR: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.58, 5.88), patients without concurrent medication (AOR: 7.72, 95% CI: 3.29, 18.07), and being male (AOR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.87) were associated with treatment satisfaction. CONCLUSION Overall, dolutegravir based regimen showed high treatment satisfaction. Monthly income, positive beliefs about medications, discussing about treatment options, sex and concurrent medications were associated with treatment satisfaction. Thus, it is crucial to improve treatment satisfaction by promoting positive belief towards medication and also by engaging patients in treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Abetu Mehari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Eden Abetu Mehari Tel +251920769917 Email
| | - Esileman Abdela Muche
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Abdela Gonete
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kirubel Biruk Shiferaw
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Mitzel LD, Foley JD, Sweeney SM, Park A, Vanable PA. Medication Beliefs, HIV-Related Stigmatization, and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy: An Examination of Alternative Models. Behav Med 2021; 47:40-50. [PMID: 31290726 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2019.1629386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
HIV-related stigma and beliefs about medication necessity and concerns have separately demonstrated significant associations with antiretroviral adherence in people with HIV. However, no work has examined both of these associations in the same model. Based on the necessity-concerns framework, this study examined four alternative models of relationships among HIV-related stigma, medication beliefs, and adherence. Cross-sectional analyses were used to test the four alternative models to best depict associations among HIV-related stigma, medication beliefs, and medication adherence. Models tested included two indirect effects models, an interaction model, and a simple predictors model with no interaction or indirect effects. The outcome variable was HIV medication adherence, and model fit was determined by variance accounted for, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) values. An interaction model between internalized stigma and medication concerns accounted for the most variance in adherence. There was also a significant indirect effect of internalized stigma on adherence via medication concerns. Medication concerns are a promising target for interventions focusing on increasing adherence among people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aesoon Park
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University
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Okoli C, Van de Velde N, Brough G, Hardy WD, Corbelli G, Allan B, Muchenje M, Castellanos E, Young B, Eremin A, Ramothwala P, de los Rios P. Differences in HIV treatment experiences, perceptions, and behaviors by gender and sexual orientation in 25 middle-income and high-income countries: Findings from the 2019 Positive Perspectives Survey. POPULATION MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.18332/popmed/128600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Feasibility of Four Interventions to Improve Treatment Adherence in Migrants Living with HIV in The Netherlands. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10110980. [PMID: 33233835 PMCID: PMC7699853 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of four existing interventions to improve adherence to them in migrants living with HIV (MLWH): directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART), group medical appointments (GMA), early detection and treatment of psychological distress, and peer support by trained MLWH. At baseline and after the interventions, socio-demographic characteristics, psychosocial variables, and data on HIV treatment adherence were collected. The two questionnaires were completed by 234/301 (78%) MLWH included at baseline. Detectable HIV RNA decreased (from 10.3 to 6.8%) as did internalized HIV-related stigma (from 15 to 14 points), and self-reported adherence increased (between 5.5 and 8.3%). DAART and GMA were not feasible interventions. Screening of psychological distress was feasible; however, follow-up diagnostic screening and linkage to psychiatric services were not. Peer support for and by MLWH was feasible. Within this small intervention group, results on HIV RNA < 400 copies/mL (decrease of 23.6%) and outpatient clinic attendance (up to 20.4% kept more appointments) were promising.
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Glynn TR, Mendez NA, Jones DL, Dale SK, Carrico AW, Feaster DJ, Rodriguez AE, Safren SA. Trauma exposure, PTSD, and suboptimal HIV medication adherence among marginalized individuals connected to public HIV care in Miami. J Behav Med 2020; 44:147-158. [PMID: 33098541 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Individuals living with HIV report disproportionately high levels of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms, both which have been associated with suboptimal ART adherence. Often conflated, the question arises as to which construct is driving subsequent HIV self-care behavior. Given the HIV disparities among Black and Hispanic/Latinx individuals, and that Miami is a geographic region with a high racial/ethnic minority make up and a unique socioeconomic environment, it is important to explore factors related to HIV outcomes in Miami to mitigate its uncontrolled epidemic. This study aimed to examine the association of trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and relevant additional key factors with adherence to ART among a sample of majority Black and Hispanic/Latinx individuals who are economically marginalized receiving public HIV care in Miami, FL (N = 1237) via a cross-sectional survey. Sequential linear regression was used to examine the study aim in four blocks: (1) trauma, (2) PTSD symptoms, and key covariates of ART adherence including (3) depression and substance use (potential psychological covariates), and (4) indicators of socioeconomic status (potential structural covariates). In the first block, trauma exposure was associated with worse adherence. However, in the second block, the association with trauma dropped and PTSD was significantly associated with worse adherence. Of note, for those experiencing high levels of trauma exposure, adherence was negatively impacted regardless of PTSD. When other key factors associated with adherence were entered in the third and fourth blocks, neither trauma exposure nor PTSD were uniquely significant. In this final model, depression, substance use, and unstable housing were uniquely associated with worse adherence. Trauma-informed models of HIV care that holistically address co-occurring factors are warranted to cater to communities with HIV health disparities and keep them from falling off the HIV care continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R Glynn
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Noelle A Mendez
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Deborah L Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sannisha K Dale
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Adam W Carrico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel J Feaster
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Allan E Rodriguez
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Steven A Safren
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV requires strict regimen adherence. Motivational interviewing (MI) can improve ART adherence. MI process studies have rarely focussed on ART adherence. Such studies may facilitate MI modifications to improve outcomes. This study employed a single group pre and post-test design with 62 adults with HIV (16 female; mean age 40 years). Therapist use of MI-consistent (MICO) methods, MI spirit, and client change and sustain talk were coded from an MI session. Relationships were assessed with ART schedule adherence. MICO methods positively correlated with change and sustain talk and were negatively associated with proportion of change talk. No variables were associated with ART adherence change. Mediation analysis did not support the MI model of change. This may be due to the fact that ART adherence is determined by both motivational and non-motivational factors. It may also be that bidirectional relationships exist between therapist and client speech.
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Baik D, Liu J, Cho H, Schnall R. Factors Related to Biological Sex Differences in Engagement with Healthcare Providers in Persons Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2020; 24:2656-2665. [PMID: 32140878 PMCID: PMC7429288 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how engagement with healthcare providers mediates the relationship between psychosocial factors (anxiety, depression, stigma) and medication adherence among persons living with HIV (PLWH). Moreover, little research has investigated potential biological sex differences in this relationship. We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected from four projects (N = 281) focused on improving health outcomes in PLWH. Males displayed (a) negative association between depression and engagement with healthcare providers (β = - 0.02, z = - 3.20, p = 0.001) and (b) positive association between engagement with healthcare providers and medication adherence (β = 0.55, OR = 1.73, z = 2.62, p = 0.009). Females showed no association between any of these factors. Anxiety and stigma were not significantly associated with medication adherence. Path analysis modeling for males had a very good fit (CFI = 1, TLI = 1, RMSEA = 0); none of the regression coefficients was significant for females. The significant relationship between depression and medication adherence among males was fully mediated by engagement with healthcare providers. Findings suggest that adherence interventions for PLWH should be tailored by biological sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawon Baik
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13120 E 19th Ave, C288, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Jianfang Liu
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hwayoung Cho
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Rebecca Schnall
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Correlates of ART Use Among Newly Diagnosed HIV Positive Adolescent Girls and Young Women Enrolled in HPTN 068. AIDS Behav 2020; 24:2606-2615. [PMID: 32110814 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite expanded access to HIV treatment worldwide, poor HIV care outcomes persist among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). This study was conducted among AGYW recruited from the HPTN 068 cohort who had sero-converted to HIV during the main trial between 2011 and 2014. The aim was to examine correlates of anti-retroviral treatment (ART) use. Log binomial regression was used to estimate the crude associations between social support, stigma, and HIV status disclosure and current ART use. Adjusted analyses were also conducted controlling for age and time since diagnosis. Seventy-nine AGYW were included in this analysis. Median age of participants was 20 (range: 17 to 24) and time since diagnosis ranged from 0.5 to 4.8 years (median = 2.1). Over 75% of AGYW (n = 60) had sought HIV care at some point, with the same number reporting previous disclosure of their sero-status. However, just 43% (n = 34) of participants were on treatment at the time of the interview. Over half of participants (n = 44; 55.7%) reported social support was available to them most or all of the time, and the median stigma score was 90 (range 80-113). Adjusted analyses found higher current ART use among those who had disclosed their status (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 3.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09, 9.32; p = 0.0339) and those with lower scores on the disclosure concern sub-scale of the Berger HIV Stigma Scale (aPR: 0.88; 95% CI 0.79, 0.98; p = 0.0236). ART use among AGYW living with HIV and enrolled in HPTN 068 was low despite relatively high linkage to care during the trial. Interventions aimed at minimizing individuals' concerns about disclosure and improving onward disclosure of one's status could further improve ART utilization among AGYW living with HIV in South Africa.
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Jones HS, Floyd S, Stangl A, Bond V, Hoddinott G, Pliakas T, Bwalya J, Mandla N, Moore A, Donnell D, Bock P, Fidler S, Hayes R, Ayles H, Hargreaves JR. Association between HIV stigma and antiretroviral therapy adherence among adults living with HIV: baseline findings from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in Zambia and South Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:1246-1260. [PMID: 32745296 PMCID: PMC7590062 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to viral suppression for people living with HIV (PLHIV) and is critical for both individual health and reducing onward HIV transmission. HIV stigma is a risk factor that can undermine adherence. We explored the association between HIV stigma and self-reported ART adherence among PLHIV in 21 communities in the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in Zambia and the Western Cape of South Africa. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected between 2013 and 2015, before the roll-out of trial interventions. Questionnaires were conducted, and consenting participants provided a blood sample for HIV testing. Poor adherence was defined as self-report of not currently taking ART, missing pills over the previous 7 days or stopping treatment in the previous 12 months. Stigma was categorised into three domains: community, health setting and internalised stigma. Multivariable logistic regression was used for analysis. RESULTS Among 2020 PLHIV self-reporting ever taking ART, 1888 (93%) were included in multivariable analysis. Poor ART adherence was reported by 15.8% (n = 320) of participants, and 25.7% (n = 519) reported experiencing community stigma, 21.5% (n = 434) internalised stigma, and 5.7% (n = 152) health setting stigma. PLHIV who self-reported previous experiences of community and internalised stigma more commonly reported poor ART adherence than those who did not (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.21 -2.19, P = 0.001 and aOR 1.31, 95% CI 0.96-1.79, P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS HIV stigma was associated with poor ART adherence. Roll-out of universal treatment will see an increasingly high proportion of PLHIV initiated on ART. Addressing HIV stigma could make an important contribution to supporting lifelong ART adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet S Jones
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sian Floyd
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anne Stangl
- International Center for Research on Women, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Virginia Bond
- Zambart, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Graeme Hoddinott
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Triantafyllos Pliakas
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Justin Bwalya
- Zambart, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Nomtha Mandla
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | | | - Deborah Donnell
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Bock
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Hayes
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen Ayles
- Zambart, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - James R Hargreaves
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Adherence Self-Management and the Influence of Contextual Factors Among Emerging Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Nurs Res 2020; 69:197-209. [PMID: 31972851 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a significant challenge for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected racial and ethnic minority adolescents and young adults (youth). Given the consequences of suboptimal ART adherence, there is a pressing need for an expanded understanding of adherence behavior in this cohort. OBJECTIVES As part of an exploratory sequential, mixed-methods study, we used qualitative inquiry to explore adherence information, motivation, and behavioral skills among HIV-infected racial and ethnic minority youth. Our secondary aim was to gain an understanding of the contextual factors surrounding adherence behavior. METHODS The information-motivation-behavioral skills model (IMB model) was applied to identify the conceptual determinants of adherence behavior in our target population, along with attention to emergent themes. In-depth, individual, semistructured interviews, including open-ended questions with probes, were conducted with a convenience sample of HIV-infected racial and ethnic minority youth (ages 16-29 years), receiving ART and with evidence of virologic failure (i.e., detectable HIV viral load). New participants were interviewed until information redundancy was reached. Qualitative interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Atlas.ti (v8). Directed content analysis was performed to generate categories and broad themes. Coding was initially conceptually driven (IMB model) and shifted to a data-driven approach, allowing for the discovery of key contextual factors that influence adherence behavior in this population. Methodological rigor was ensured by member checks, an audit trail, thick descriptive data, and triangulation of data sources. RESULTS Twenty racial and ethnic minority participants (mean age = 24.3 years, 55.0% male) completed interviews. We found adherence information was understood in relation to HIV biomarkers; adherence motivation and behavioral skills were influenced by stigma and social context. We identified five primary themes regarding ART self-management: (a) emerging adulthood with a chronic illness, (b) stigma and disclosure concerns, (c) support systems and support deficits, (d) mental and behavioral health risks and challenges, and (e) mode of HIV transmission and perceptions of power and control. DISCUSSION Key constructs of the IMB model were applicable to participating HIV-infected youth yet did not fully explain the essence of adherence behavior. As such, we recommend expansion of current adherence models and frameworks to include known contextual factors associated with ART self-management among HIV-infected racial and ethnic minority youth.
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Smith MK, Xu RH, Hunt SL, Wei C, Tucker JD, Tang W, Luo D, Xue H, Wang C, Yang L, Yang B, Li L, Joyner BL, Sylvia SY. Combating HIV stigma in low- and middle-income healthcare settings: a scoping review. J Int AIDS Soc 2020; 23:e25553. [PMID: 32844580 PMCID: PMC7448195 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nearly 40 years into the HIV epidemic, the persistence of HIV stigma is a matter of grave urgency. Discrimination (i.e. enacted stigma) in healthcare settings is particularly problematic as it deprives people of critical healthcare services while also discouraging preventive care seeking by confirming fears of anticipated stigma. We review existing research on the effectiveness of stigma interventions in healthcare settings of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where stigma control efforts are often further complicated by heavy HIV burdens, less developed healthcare systems, and the layering of HIV stigma with discrimination towards other marginalized identities. This review describes progress in this field to date and identifies research gaps to guide future directions for research. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of HIV reduction interventions in LMIC healthcare settings using Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus (through March 5, 2020). Information regarding study design, stigma measurement techniques, intervention features and study findings were extracted. We also assessed methodological rigor using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for systematic reviews. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Our search identified 8766 studies, of which 19 were included in the final analysis. All but one study reported reductions in stigma following the intervention. The studies demonstrated broad regional distribution across LMIC and many employed designs that made use of a control condition. However, these strengths masked key shortcomings including a dearth of research from the lowest income category of LMIC and a lack of interventions to address institutional or structural determinants of stigma. Lastly, despite the fact that most stigma measures were based on existing instruments, only three studies described steps taken to validate or adapt the stigma measures to local settings. CONCLUSIONS Combating healthcare stigma in LMIC demands interventions that can simultaneously address resource constraints, high HIV burden and more severe stigma. Our findings suggest that this will require more objective, reliable and culturally adaptable stigma measures to facilitate meaningful programme evaluation and comparison across studies. All but one study concluded that their interventions were effective in reducing healthcare stigma. Though encouraging, the fact that most studies measured impact using self-reported measures suggests that social desirability may bias results upwards. Homogeneity of study results also hindered our ability to draw substantive conclusions about potential best practices to guide the design of future stigma reduction programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kumi Smith
- Division of Epidemiology & Community HealthUniversity of Minnesota Twin CitiesMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Richie H. Xu
- Division of Epidemiology & Community HealthUniversity of Minnesota Twin CitiesMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Shanda L. Hunt
- Health Sciences LibrariesUniversity of Minnesota Twin CitiesMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Chongyi Wei
- Department of Health Behavior, Society and PolicyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNYUSA
| | - Joseph D. Tucker
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious DiseasesSchool of MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Weiming Tang
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious DiseasesSchool of MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | | | - Hao Xue
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International StudiesStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ligang Yang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Li Li
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Benny L. Joyner
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Sean Y. Sylvia
- Department of Health Policy & ManagementUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
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Schreiner N, Perazzo J, Digennaro S, Burant C, Daly B, Webel A. Associations between symptom severity and treatment burden in people living with HIV. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:2348-2358. [PMID: 32643309 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the association between symptoms severity and treatment burden in people living with HIV. DESIGN Correlational, secondary analysis of data from participants diagnosed with HIV enrolled in a descriptive, cross-sectional study examining physical activity patterns. METHODS We analysed data from 103 men and women using self-report data collected between March 2016 - February 2017. Our primary statistical analyses consisted of explanatory multivariate modelling with individual PROMIS-29 scores representing symptom severity and treatment burden measured using the Treatment Burden Questionnaire-13. RESULTS Greater symptom severity was associated with higher levels of cumulative treatment burden as well as higher levels of task-specific medication and physical activity burden. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that fatigue was a risk factor of cumulative treatment burden as well as task-specific medication and physical activity treatment burden. Effect sizes of multivariate models ranged from small (0.11) to medium (0.16). Additionally, post hoc analyses showed strong correlations between fatigue and other measured symptoms. CONCLUSION Findings support extant treatment burden literature, including the importance of addressing symptom severity in conjunction with treatment burden screening in the clinical setting. Results also suggest clinical interventions focused on the reduction of fatigue could reduce treatment burden in people living with HIV. Strong correlations between fatigue and other symptoms indicate the potential for reducing fatigue by addressing other highly clustered symptoms, such as depression. IMPACT People living with HIV exhibiting higher levels of fatigue are at high risk for treatment burden and poorer self-management adherence. Clinicians should consider incorporating symptom and treatment burden assessments when developing, tailoring and modifying interventions to improve self-management of HIV and other co-morbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanial Schreiner
- Case Western Reserve University, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Sarah Digennaro
- Case Western Reserve University, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher Burant
- Case Western Reserve University, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Daly
- Case Western Reserve University, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Allison Webel
- Case Western Reserve University, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Cleveland, OH, USA
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A Behavioral Adherence Intervention Improves Rates of Viral Suppression Among Adherence-Challenged People Living with HIV in South India. AIDS Behav 2020; 24:2195-2205. [PMID: 31933020 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to both extended life expectancy and improved quality of life among people living with HIV (PLWH). To maximize the efficacy of first line ART regimens in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), we need culturally-relevant interventions that empower participants to reduce barriers to long-term uninterrupted adherence. The Chetana adherence intervention trial was designed in collaboration with local community groups as a comprehensive wellness program for adherence-challenged PLWH and included peer-led adherence support, yoga, nutrition, information about local resources, and individual counseling using motivational interviewing techniques. Intervention arm participants were almost twice as likely to be virally suppressed at their 12-month follow-up visit (AOR = 1.98; 95% CI [1.2, 3.23]) as were participants in the active control arm. They were also about twice as likely as control arm participants to self-report ≥ 95% adherence (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI [1.09, 3.15]), and as having eliminated individual adherence barriers (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI [1.51, 3.62]) and clinic attendance barriers (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI [1.20, 3.38]) These low-cost strategies can be implemented by local NGOs, making it both scalable and sustainable in this and similar settings.
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Alcohol Use and Antiretroviral Therapy Non-Adherence Among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. AIDS Behav 2020; 24:1727-1742. [PMID: 31673913 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is efficacious in improving clinical outcomes among people living with HIV (PLWH) and reducing HIV transmission when taken regularly. Research examining modifiable factors associated with ART non-adherence is critical for informing novel intervention development in settings with high HIV prevalence. Alcohol use has been linked with ART non-adherence in studies in sub-Saharan Africa; however, no review has pooled estimates across studies. We reviewed studies of alcohol use and ART non-adherence conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO through August 2019 with terms related to ART non-adherence, alcohol use, and sub-Saharan Africa. One author reviewed titles/abstracts (n = 754) and two authors reviewed full texts (n = 308) for inclusion. Discrepancies were resolved by group consensus. Studies were retained if they quantitatively measured associations between alcohol use and ART non-adherence or viral non-suppression. We defined ART non-adherence using the definitions from each parent study (e.g., patients with > 5% missed ART doses during the previous four, seven or 30 days were considered non-adherent). A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool associations and we conducted additional analyses to assess between-study heterogeneity and publication bias and sensitivity analyses to determine robustness of our results when considering only certain study designs, alcohol use or ART scales, or studies that used viral non-suppression as their primary outcome. Of 56 articles meeting our inclusion criteria, 32 articles were included in the meta-analysis. All studies measured alcohol use via self-report. ART non-adherence was assessed using self-report, pill counts, or pharmacy records and definition of non-adherence varied depending on the measure used. Individuals who used alcohol had twice the odds of ART non-adherence compared with those who did not use alcohol (34% non-adherence among alcohol users vs. 18% among non-users; pooled odds ratio: 2.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.87-2.69; p < 0.001). We found evidence of a high degree of heterogeneity between studies (Cochrane Q statistic: 382.84, p< 0.001; I2 proportion: 91.9%) and evidence of publication bias. However, the magnitude of our pooled odds ratio was consistent across a number of sensitivity analyses to account for heterogeneity and publication bias. In a secondary analysis with studies using viral non-suppression as their primary outcome, we also estimated a statistically significant pooled effect of alcohol use on viral non-suppression (pooled odds ratio: 2.47; 95% confidence interval: 1.58-3.87). Evidence suggests alcohol use is associated with ART non-adherence in Sub-Saharan Africa, potentially hindering achievement of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 HIV treatment targets.
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Fleischer L, Avery A. Adhering to antiretroviral therapy: A qualitative analysis of motivations for and obstacles to consistent use of antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120915405. [PMID: 32435479 PMCID: PMC7222653 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120915405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Based on the 2015 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data, 40% of people living with HIV in the United States with an HIV diagnosis and 18.5% of people living with HIV in HIV care in the United States are not virally suppressed. Many HIV care clinics have implemented recommendations to improve the percentage of people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. To understand what more could be done, we examine patients’ motivations and obstacles to maintaining adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Methods: We conducted qualitative analysis using a qualitative description framework of in-depth interviews with people living with HIV receiving care at an urban HIV care clinic in the midwestern United States. Results: We found that while many traditional barriers to care have been addressed by existing programs, there are key differences between those consistent with antiretroviral therapy and those inconsistent with antiretroviral therapy. In particular, self-motivation, diagnosis acceptance, treatment for depression, spiritual beliefs, perceived value of the HIV care team, and prior experience with health care distinguish these two groups. Most significantly, we found that people living with HIV consistent with antiretroviral therapy describe their main motivation as coming from themselves, whereas people living with HIV inconsistent with antiretroviral therapy more often describe their main motivation as coming from the HIV care team. Conclusion: Our results highlight the importance of the HIV care team’s encouragement of maintaining antiretroviral adherence, as well as encouraging treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fleischer
- Department of Family Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann Avery
- Division of Infectious Disease, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Zeng C, Li X, Qiao S, Yang X, Shen Z, Zhou Y. Anticipated stigma and medication adherence among people living with HIV: the mechanistic roles of medication support and ART self-efficacy. AIDS Care 2020; 32:1014-1022. [PMID: 32336130 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1728213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between anticipated stigma and medication adherence as well as the mechanistic roles of medication support and ART self-efficacy. Data were derived from the baseline assessment of a prospective cohort study in Guangxi, China. A total of 1198 PLWH were recruited and assessed on their sociodemographic characteristics, medication adherence, anticipated stigma, medication support, and ART self-efficacy. Path analysis was used to examine the direct effect from anticipated stigma to medication adherence and indirect effects through medication support and ART self-efficacy. Path model revealed that the indirect effect from anticipated stigma to medication adherence was statistically significant while the direct effect was not significant. Anticipated stigma could influence medication adherence through ART self-efficacy but not through medication support. The serial mediating effect of medication support and ART self-efficacy on the relationship between anticipated stigma and medication adherence was significant. Anticipated stigma affects medication adherence among PLWH through its adverse impact on medication support and ART self-efficacy. Tailored interventions promoting medication support and ART self-efficacy may alleviate the negative influence of anticipated stigma on medication adherence among PLWH. Additionally, policy efforts aiming to reduce stigma against PLWH and increasing medication support are warranted to improve medication adherence among PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Zeng
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shan Qiao
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xueying Yang
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejiao Zhou
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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49
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Naanyu V, Ruff J, Goodrich S, Spira T, Bateganya M, Toroitich-Ruto C, Otieno-Nyunya B, Siika AM, Wools-Kaloustian K. Qualitative exploration of perceived benefits of care and barriers influencing HIV care in trans Nzoia, Kenya. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:355. [PMID: 32334601 PMCID: PMC7183649 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Substantial efforts have been made to ensure people living with HIV (PLHIV) are linked to and retained in care but many challenges deter care utilization. We report perceived benefits of seeking HIV care and barriers to HIV care that were identified through a formative assessment conducted to advise the development of an alternative care model to deliver antiretroviral treatment therapy (ART) in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya. Methods Data were collected in 2015 through key informant interviews (KIIs), in-depth interviews (IDIs), and focus group discussions (FGDs). The study involved 55 participants of whom 53% were female. Ten KIIs provided community contextual information and viewpoints on the HIV epidemic in Trans Nzoia County while 20 PLHIV (10 male and 10 female) participated in IDIs. Twenty-five individuals living with HIV participated in four FGDs - two groups for men and two for women. Key informants were purposively selected, while every third patient above 18 years at the Kitale HIV Clinic was invited to share their HIV care experience through IDIs or FGDs. Trained research assistants moderated all sessions and audio recordings were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results Findings showed that PLHIV in Trans Nzoia County used both conventional and complementary alternative care for HIV; however, public health facilities were preferred. Popular perceived benefits of adopting care were relief from symptoms and the chance to live longer. Benefits of care uptake included weight gain, renewed energy, and positive behavior change. Individual-level barriers to HIV care included lack of money and food, use of alternative care, negative side effects of ART, denial, and disclosure difficulties. At the community level, stigma, limited social support for conventional HIV treatment, and poor means of transport were reported. The health system barriers were limited supplies and staff, long distance to conventional HIV care, and unprofessional providers. Conclusions Diverse individual, community and health system barriers continue to affect HIV care-seeking efforts in Kenya. Appreciation of context and lived experiences allows for development of realistic care models.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Naanyu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.
| | - J Ruff
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - S Goodrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - T Spira
- Division of Global HIV &TB, United States Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Bateganya
- Division of Global HIV &TB, United States Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - A M Siika
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - K Wools-Kaloustian
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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50
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Gebrezgi MT, Fennie KP, Sheehan DM, Ibrahimou B, Jones SG, Brock P, Ladner RA, Trepka MJ. Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Tool to Identify People with HIV Infection Likely Not to Achieve Viral Suppression. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2020; 34:157-165. [PMID: 32324484 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2019.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying people with HIV infection (PHIV), who are at risk of not achieving viral suppression, is important for designing targeted intervention. The aim of this study was to develop and test a risk prediction tool for PHIV who are at risk of not achieving viral suppression after a year of being in care. We used retrospective data to develop an integer-based scoring method using backward stepwise logistic regression. We also developed risk score categories based on the quartiles of the total risk score. The risk prediction tool was internally validated by bootstrapping. We found that nonviral suppression after a year of being in care among PHIV can be predicted using seven variables, namely, age group, race, federal poverty level, current AIDS status, current homelessness status, problematic alcohol/drug use, and current viral suppression status. Those in the high-risk category had about a 23 increase in the odds of nonviral suppression compared with the low-risk group. The risk prediction tool has good discriminative performance and calibration. Our findings suggest that nonviral suppression after a year of being in care can be predicted using easily available variables. In settings with similar demographics, the risk prediction tool can assist health care providers in identifying high-risk individuals to target for intervention. Follow-up studies are required to externally validate this risk prediction tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merhawi T. Gebrezgi
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Diana M. Sheehan
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI), Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Boubakari Ibrahimou
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sandra G. Jones
- Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Petra Brock
- Behavioral Science Research Corporation, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Mary Jo Trepka
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI), Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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