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Wang Z, You L, Gong N, Li C, Li Z, Shen J, Wan L, Luo K, Su X, Feng L, Chen S, Lin W. Comprehensive Expression Analysis of the WRKY Gene Family in Phoebe bournei under Drought and Waterlogging Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7280. [PMID: 39000387 PMCID: PMC11242546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to biotic and abiotic stresses, the WRKY gene family plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. This study focused on Phoebe bournei and involved genome-wide identification of WRKY gene family members, clarification of their molecular evolutionary characteristics, and comprehensive mapping of their expression profiles under diverse abiotic stress conditions. A total of 60 WRKY gene family members were identified, and their phylogenetic classification revealed three distinct groups. A conserved motif analysis underscored the significant conservation of motif 1 and motif 2 among the majority of PbWRKY proteins, with proteins within the same class sharing analogous gene structures. Furthermore, an examination of cis-acting elements and protein interaction networks revealed several genes implicated in abiotic stress responses in P. bournei. Transcriptomic data were utilized to analyze the expression patterns of WRKY family members under drought and waterlogged conditions, with subsequent validation by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) experiments. Notably, PbWRKY55 exhibited significant expression modulation under drought stress; PbWRKY36 responded prominently to waterlogging stress; and PbWRKY18, PbWRKY38, and PbWRKY57 demonstrated altered expression under both drought and waterlogging stresses. This study revealed the PbWRKY candidate genes that potentially play a pivotal role in enhancing abiotic stress resilience in P. bournei. The findings have provided valuable insights and knowledge that can guide further research aimed at understanding and addressing the impacts of abiotic stress within this species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shipin Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.W.); (L.Y.); (N.G.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (J.S.); (L.W.); (K.L.); (X.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Wenjun Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.W.); (L.Y.); (N.G.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (J.S.); (L.W.); (K.L.); (X.S.); (L.F.)
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2
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Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Chen S, Du Y, Deng L, Liu L, Li X, Chen W, Xu Z, Xiong Y, Ming Y, Fang S, Chen L, Wang H, Yu D. Transcription factor OsWRKY11 induces rice heading at low concentrations but inhibits rice heading at high concentrations. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1385-1407. [PMID: 38818952 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The heading date of rice is a crucial agronomic characteristic that influences its adaptability to different regions and its productivity potential. Despite the involvement of WRKY transcription factors in various biological processes related to development, the precise mechanisms through which these transcription factors regulate the heading date in rice have not been well elucidated. The present study identified OsWRKY11 as a WRKY transcription factor which exhibits a pivotal function in the regulation of the heading date in rice through a comprehensive screening of a clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) ‒ CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 mutant library that specifically targets the WRKY genes in rice. The heading date of oswrky11 mutant plants and OsWRKY11-overexpressing plants was delayed compared with that of the wild-type plants under short-day and long-day conditions. Mechanistic investigation revealed that OsWRKY11 exerts dual effects on transcriptional promotion and suppression through direct and indirect DNA binding, respectively. Under normal conditions, OsWRKY11 facilitates flowering by directly inducing the expression of OsMADS14 and OsMADS15. The presence of elevated levels of OsWRKY11 protein promote formation of a ternary protein complex involving OsWRKY11, Heading date 1 (Hd1), and Days to heading date 8 (DTH8), and this complex then suppresses the expression of Ehd1, which leads to a delay in the heading date. Subsequent investigation revealed that a mild drought condition resulted in a modest increase in OsWRKY11 expression, promoting heading. Conversely, under severe drought conditions, a significant upregulation of OsWRKY11 led to the suppression of Ehd1 expression, ultimately causing a delay in heading date. Our findings uncover a previously unacknowledged mechanism through which the transcription factor OsWRKY11 exerts a dual impact on the heading date by directly and indirectly binding to the promoters of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yunwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shidie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650092, China
| | - Yang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Luyao Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650092, China
| | - Wanqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhiyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yangyang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - You Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Siyu Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | - Houping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650092, China
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Jia S, Wang C, Sun W, Yan X, Wang W, Xu B, Guo G, Bi C. OsWRKY12 negatively regulates the drought-stress tolerance and secondary cell wall biosynthesis by targeting different downstream transcription factor genes in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108794. [PMID: 38850730 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing occurrence of global warming, drought is becoming a major constraint for plant growth and crop yield. Plant cell walls experience continuous changes during the growth, development, and in responding to stressful conditions. The plant WRKYs play pivotal roles in regulating the secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis and helping plant defend against abiotic stresses. qRT-PCR evidence showed that OsWRKY12 was affected by drought and ABA treatments. Over-expression of OsWRKY12 decreased the drought tolerance of the rice transgenics at the germination stage and the seedling stage. The transcription levels of drought-stress-associated genes as well as those genes participating in the ABA biosynthesis and signaling were significantly different compared to the wild type (WT). Our results also showed that less lignin and cellulose were deposited in the OsWRKY12-overexpressors, and heterogenous expression of OsWRKY12 in atwrky12 could lower the increased lignin and cellulose contents, as well as the improved PEG-stress tolerance, to a similar level as the WT. qRT-PCR results indicated that the transcription levels of all the genes related to lignin and cellulose biosynthesis were significantly decreased in the rice transgenics than the WT. Further evidence from yeast one-hybrid assay and the dual-luciferase reporter system suggested that OsWRKY12 could bind to promoters of OsABI5 (the critical component of the ABA signaling pathway) and OsSWN3/OsSWN7 (the key positive regulators in the rice SCW thickening), and hence repressing their expression. In conclusion, OsWRKY12 mediates the crosstalk between SCW biosynthesis and plant stress tolerance by binding to the promoters of different downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Jia
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Chunyue Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Wanying Sun
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Xiaofei Yan
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Weiting Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Bing Xu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Guangyan Guo
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Caili Bi
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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Mondal K, Kar RK, Chakraborty A, Dey N. Concurrent effect of drought and heat stress in rice ( Oryza sativa L.): physio-biochemical and molecular approach. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:132. [PMID: 38645792 PMCID: PMC11031549 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the physio-biochemical and molecular responses of two rice genotypes (Noichi and N22) under drought, heat and combined drought/heat stress conditions. The antagonistic stomatal activity was found under the combined stress conditions; stomata were open under control and heat stress, conversely, stomata remained closed under drought and combined stress levels. Photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll content are decreased by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and increased lipid peroxidation in both rice genotypes. To prevent oxidative damage, many antioxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are produced in both genotypes under these conditions. Under the single stress conditions, CAT activity were increased in N22, whereas combined stress levels, SOD and APX activity were higher for both genotypes. Proline accumulation was also increased under single as well as combined stress conditions for both genotypes to combat stress injuries. Pollen viability was lost under all stress levels but severe loss was found under combined stress levels, which causes spikelet sterility leading to yield losses for both genotypes. As evident from transcript levels, HSP71.18 and HSP71.10 expressions were higher under single and combined conditions, butHSP72.57 gene expression increased only by individual stress levels. WRKY11, WRKY 55, DREB 2A, LEA3 and DHN1 were positively expressed under all stress levels. Conversely, expression of DREB2B genes was higher only under single stress levels. In summary, these results suggest that the effect of combined stress is different from the single stress and it is more severe than the individual stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03980-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongkong Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, Rice Biotechnology Laboratory, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731 235 India
| | - Rup Kumar Kar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731 235 India
| | - Abhra Chakraborty
- Department of Fisheries, Meen Bhaban, Karnojora, Uttar Dinajpur, Raiganj, West Bengal 733103 India
| | - Narottam Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Rice Biotechnology Laboratory, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731 235 India
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Aghaali Z, Naghavi MR, Zargar M. Promising approaches for simultaneous enhancement of medicinally significant benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in opium poppy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1377318. [PMID: 38633462 PMCID: PMC11022600 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1377318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) produced in opium poppy have been evidenced to heal patients suffering from various diseases. They, therefore, hold an integral position in the herbal drug industry. Despite the adoption of several approaches for the large-scale production of BIAs, opium poppy remains the only platform in this purpose. The only disadvantage associated with producing BIAs in the plant is their small quantity. Thus, recruiting strategies that boost their levels is deemed necessary. All the methods which have been employed so far are just able to enhance a maximum of two BIAs. Thus, if these methods are utilized, a sizable amount of time and budget must be spent on the synthesis of all BIAs. Hence, the exploitation of strategies which increase the content of all BIAs at the same time is more commercially effective and time-saving, avoiding the laborious step of resolving the biosynthetic pathway of each compound. Exposure to biotic and abiotic elicitors, development of a synthetic auto-tetraploid, overexpression of a WRKY transcription factor, formation of an artificial metabolon, and suppression of a gene in the shikimate pathway and miRNA are strategies that turn opium poppy into a versatile bioreactor for the concurrent and massive production of BIAs. The last three strategies have never been applied for BIA biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Aghaali
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN) University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Meisam Zargar
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN) University, Moscow, Russia
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Qu K, Yin Z, Gao C, Song G, Guo Z, Yin G, Tang J, Yuan Y, Dong C, Jiang Y, Niu J, Li Q. Mutagenesis-Derived Resistance to Black Point in Wheat. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:899-907. [PMID: 37822099 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1369-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Black point, a severe global wheat disease, necessitates deploying resistant cultivars for effective control. However, susceptibility remains prevalent among most wheat cultivars. Identifying new sources of resistance and understanding their mechanisms are crucial for breeding resistant cultivars. This study pinpointed black point resistance in an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized wheat population of Wanyuanbai 1 (WYB) and analyzed resistant mutants using RNA-Seq. The findings revealed the following: (i) wyb-18, among 10,008 EMS-mutagenized lines, exhibited robust resistance with significantly lower black point incidence under artificial Bipolaris sorokiniana inoculation in 2020 and 2021 (average incidence of 5.2% over 2 years), markedly reduced compared with WYB (50.9%). (ii) wyb-18 kernels displayed black point symptoms at 12 days after inoculation (dai), 3 days later than WYB. At 15 dai, wyb-18 kernels had isolated black spots, unlike WYB kernels, where the entire embryo turned black. (iii) wyb-18 showed heightened antioxidant enzyme activity, including peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. (iv) Analysis of 543 differentially expressed genes between wyb-18 and WYB at 9 dai identified enrichment in the MAPK signaling pathway through KEGG analysis. Ten genes in this pathway exhibited upregulated expression, while one was downregulated in wyb-18. Among these genes, PR1, WRKY11, SAPK5, and TraesCS1A02G326800 (chitin recognition protein) consistently showed upregulation in wyb-18, making them potential candidates for black point resistance. These results offer valuable germplasm resources for breeding and novel insights into the mechanisms of black point resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefei Qu
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhao Yin
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chuang Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gaili Song
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhenfeng Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guihong Yin
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianwei Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuhao Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chunhao Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yumei Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jishan Niu
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Azad M, Tohidfar M, Ghanbari Moheb Seraj R, Mehralian M, Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani K. Identification of responsive genes to multiple abiotic stresses in rice (Oryza sativa): a meta-analysis of transcriptomics data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5463. [PMID: 38561340 PMCID: PMC10985071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses limit the quantity and quality of rice grain production, which is considered a strategic crop in many countries. In this study, a meta-analysis of different microarray data at seedling stage was performed to investigate the effects of multiple abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, cold situation, high temperature, alkali condition, iron, aluminum, and heavy metal toxicity, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium deficiency) on rice. Comparative analysis between multiple abiotic stress groups and their control groups indicated 561 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 422 and 139 genes were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the process of responding to stresses and stimuli was significantly enriched. In addition, pathways such as metabolic process and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were identified by KEGG pathway analysis. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) uncovered 17 distinct co-expression modules. Six modules were significantly associated with genes involved in response to abiotic stresses. Finally, to validate the results of the meta-analysis, five genes, including TIFY9 (JAZ5), RAB16B, ADF3, Os01g0124650, and Os05g0142900 selected for qRT-PCR analysis. Expression patterns of selected genes confirmed the results of the meta-analysis. The outcome of this study could help introduce candidate genes that may be beneficial for use in genetic engineering programs to produce more tolerant crops or as markers for selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Azad
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Masoud Tohidfar
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran.
| | - Rahele Ghanbari Moheb Seraj
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehralian
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Keyvan Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
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Jia W, Guo Z, Lv S, Lin K, Li Y. SbYS1 and SbWRKY72 regulate Cd tolerance and accumulation in sweet sorghum. PLANTA 2024; 259:100. [PMID: 38536457 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION SbYS1 and its upstream transcription factor SbWRKY72 were involved in Cd tolerance and accumulation and are valuable for developing sweet sorghum germplasm with high-Cd tolerance or accumulation ability through genetic manipulation. Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic and can severely affect human health. Sweet sorghum, as an energy crop, shows great potential in extracting cadmium from Cd-contaminated soils. However, its molecular mechanisms of Cd-tolerance and -accumulation remain largely unknown. Here, we isolated a YSL family gene SbYS1 from the sweet sorghum genotype with high Cd accumulation ability and the expression of SbYS1 in roots was induced by cadmium. GUS staining experiment exhibited that SbYS1 was expressed in the epidermis and parenchyma tissues of roots. Further subcellular localization analysis suggested that SbYS1 was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. Yeast transformed with SbYS1 exhibited a sensitive phenotype compared to the control when exposed to Cd-NA (chelates of cadmium and nicotianamine), indicating that SbYS1 may absorb cadmium in the form of Cd-NA. Arabidopsis overexpressing SbYS1 had a longer root length and accumulated less Cd in roots and shoots. SbWRKY72 bound to the promoter of SbYS1 and negatively regulated the expression of SbYS1. Transgenic Arabidopsis of SbWRKY72 showed higher sensitivity to cadmium and increased cadmium accumulation in roots. Our results provide references for improving the phytoremediation efficiency of sweet sorghum by genetic manipulation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 401122, China
| | - Zijing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sulian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Kangqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
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De Pascali M, Greco D, Vergine M, Carluccio G, De Bellis L, Luvisi A. A Physiological and Molecular Focus on the Resistance of "Filippo Ceo" Almond Tree to Xylella fastidiosa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:576. [PMID: 38475423 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The impact of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) subsp. pauca on the environment and economy of Southern Italy has been devastating. To restore the landscape and support the local economy, introducing new crops is crucial for restoring destroyed olive groves, and the almond tree (Prunus dulcis Mill. D. A. Webb) could be a promising candidate. This work focused on the resistance of the cultivar "Filippo Ceo" to Xf and evaluated its physiological and molecular responses to individual stresses (drought or pathogen stress) and combined stress factors under field conditions over three seasons. Filippo Ceo showed a low pathogen concentration (≈103 CFU mL-1) and a lack of almond leaf scorch symptoms. Physiologically, an excellent plant water status was observed (RWC 82-89%) regardless of the stress conditions, which was associated with an increased proline content compared to that of the control plants, particularly in response to Xf stress (≈8-fold). The plant's response did not lead to a gene modulation that was specific to different stress factors but seemed more indistinct: upregulation of the LEA and DHN gene transcripts by Xf was observed, while the PR transcript was upregulated by drought stress. In addition, the genes encoding the transcription factors (TFs) were differentially induced by stress conditions. Filippo Ceo could be an excellent cultivar for coexistence with Xf subps. pauca, confirming its resistance to both water stress and the pathogen, although this similar health status was achieved differently due to transcriptional reprogramming that results in the modulation of genes directly or indirectly involved in defence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria De Pascali
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Greco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marzia Vergine
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giambattista Carluccio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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10
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Yan J, Liu Z, Wang T, Wang R, Wang S, Chen W, Suo J, Yan J, Wu J. TgLUT1 regulated by TgWRKY10 enhances the tolerance of Torreya grandis to drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108436. [PMID: 38367388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major abiotic stress which severely reduces the plant growth and limits agricultural productivity. Previous studies have demonstrated that lutein directly synthesized by the carotenoid epsilon-ring hydroxylase gene (LUT1) played crucial roles in regulating drought response. Notwithstanding the myriad studies on LUT1's response to drought stress in certain plant species such as Arabidopsis, the precise function mechanisms within tree species remain ambiguously understood. Our study reveals that under drought stress, TgLUT1, a novel LUT gene instrumental in β-lutein biosynthesis, was markedly up-regulated in Torreya grandis. Subcellular localization assay indicated that TgLUT1 protein was localized to chloroplasts. Phenotypic analysis showed that overexpression of TgLUT1 enhanced the tolerance of tomato to drought stress. Overexpressing of TgLUT1 increased the values of maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage percentage in response to drought stress. Furthermore, overexpression of TgLUT1 decreased the stomatal conductance to reduce the water loss rate exposed to drought stress. In addition, yeast one-hybrid assay, dual luciferase assay system and qRT-PCR results showed that TgWRKY10 down-regulated by drought stress inhibited the expression of TgLUT1 by directly binding to the TgLUT1 promoter. Collectively, our results show that TgWRKY10, down-regulated by drought stress, negatively regulates the expression of TgLUT1 to modulate the drought stress response. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of LUT1's function in the stress responses of economically significant forest plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Ruoman Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jinwei Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
| | - Jingwei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
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11
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Zhang J, Zhao H, Chen L, Lin J, Wang Z, Pan J, Yang F, Ni X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li R, Pi E, Wang S. Multifaceted roles of WRKY transcription factors in abiotic stress and flavonoid biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1303667. [PMID: 38169626 PMCID: PMC10758500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1303667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Increasing biotic and abiotic stresses are seriously impeding the growth and yield of staple crops and threatening global food security. As one of the largest classes of regulators in vascular plants, WRKY transcription factors play critical roles governing flavonoid biosynthesis during stress responses. By binding major W-box cis-elements (TGACCA/T) in target promoters, WRKYs modulate diverse signaling pathways. In this review, we optimized existing WRKY phylogenetic trees by incorporating additional plant species with WRKY proteins implicated in stress tolerance and flavonoid regulation. Based on the improved frameworks and documented results, we aim to deduce unifying themes of distinct WRKY subfamilies governing specific stress responses and flavonoid metabolism. These analyses will generate experimentally testable hypotheses regarding the putative functions of uncharacterized WRKY homologs in tuning flavonoid accumulation to enhance stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erxu Pi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Lv M, Hou D, Wan J, Ye T, Zhang L, Fan J, Li C, Dong Y, Chen W, Rong S, Sun Y, Xu J, Cai L, Gao X, Zhu J, Huang Z, Xu Z, Li L. OsWRKY97, an Abiotic Stress-Induced Gene of Rice, Plays a Key Role in Drought Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3338. [PMID: 37765501 PMCID: PMC10536077 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major causes of crop losses. The WRKY families play important roles in the regulation of many plant processes, including drought stress response. However, the function of individual WRKY genes in plants is still under investigation. Here, we identified a new member of the WRKY families, OsWRKY97, and analyzed its role in stress resistance by using a series of transgenic plant lines. OsWRKY97 positively regulates drought tolerance in rice. OsWRKY97 was expressed in all examined tissues and could be induced by various abiotic stresses and abscisic acid (ABA). OsWRKY97-GFP was localized to the nucleus. Various abiotic stress-related cis-acting elements were observed in the promoters of OsWRKY97. The results of OsWRKY97-overexpressing plant analyses revealed that OsWRKY97 plays a positive role in drought stress tolerance. In addition, physiological analyses revealed that OsWRKY97 improves drought stress tolerance by improving the osmotic adjustment ability, oxidative stress tolerance, and water retention capacity of the plant. Furthermore, OsWRKY97-overexpressing plants also showed higher sensitivity to exogenous ABA compared with that of wild-type rice (WT). Overexpression of OsWRKY97 also affected the transcript levels of ABA-responsive genes and the accumulation of ABA. These results indicate that OsWRKY97 plays a crucial role in the response to drought stress and may possess high potential value in improving drought tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Lv
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Dejia Hou
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jiale Wan
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Taozhi Ye
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Lin Zhang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chunliu Li
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yilun Dong
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Songhao Rong
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yihao Sun
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Crop Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liangjun Cai
- Crop Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhengjian Huang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (S.R.); (Z.H.)
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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13
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Jiang X, Hong WJ, Lee SK, Jung KH. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Collar Region-Preferential Genes in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2959. [PMID: 37631170 PMCID: PMC10458737 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The collar region plays a crucial role in leaf angle formation and plant architecture, which is important for improving crop yield given the challenges of diminishing arable land and changing environmental conditions. To determine collar region-preferential genes (CRPGs) affecting plant architecture and crop yield, we conducted genome-wide transcriptomic analysis. By integrating our RNA sequencing data with public rice anatomical expression data, we identified 657 CRPGs. Verification involved testing six randomly selected CRPGs, all of which exhibited collar-preferential expression. The functional significance of CRPGs was assessed via Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, utilizing MapMan and KEGG, and literature analysis provided additional information for characterized CRPGs. Our findings revealed links between manipulating leaf angle and phytohormone-related pathways and stress responses. Moreover, based on the CRPGs, five transcription factors downstream of the liguleless 1 (LG1) gene were identified. Overall, the identified CRPGs provide potential targets for further research and breeding applications aimed at improving crop productivity by manipulating leaf architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jiang
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (X.J.); (S.-K.L.)
| | - Woo-Jong Hong
- Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea;
| | - Su-Kyoung Lee
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (X.J.); (S.-K.L.)
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (X.J.); (S.-K.L.)
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14
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Roylawar P, Khandagale K, Nanda S, Soumia PS, Jadhav S, Mahajan V, Gawande S. Colonization of Serendipita indica promotes resistance against Spodoptera exigua in onion ( Allium cepa L.). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1190942. [PMID: 37564284 PMCID: PMC10410256 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1190942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-endophyte symbiosis influences plant defense and growth. Serendipita indica is a root endophyte that promotes growth and induces tolerance against biotic and abiotic stress in plants. In this study, we examined the effect of S. indica colonization on herbivore (Spodoptera exigua) resistance of onion (Allium cepa L.). We found that colonization of S. indica in the roots of onion significantly reduced the feeding damage of leaves by S. exigua larvae, and also resulted in a reduction in weight gain of the larvae when fed on S. indica plants. This enhanced resistance is a result of modulation of antioxidant and defense enzymes/genes in the host by S. indica mutualism. Specifically, the activities of enzymes such as Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and H2O2 content were significantly higher in the early stages of S. exigua feeding in the S. indica colonized plants compared to the non-colonized counterparts. Similarly, defense genes also showed modulation in response to this tripartite interaction of onion -S. indica mutualism and S. exigua herbivory. The hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis indicated a clear difference in the onion biochemical responses, which is due to the S. indica symbiosis. Our investigation demonstrates that onion-S. indica symbiosis significantly decreases chewing injury by efficiently modulating antioxidant and defense enzyme activities and gene expression in response to S. exigua herbivory. Therefore, S. indica can be used as a potential biocontrol agent for sustainable management of this important pest of Alliums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Roylawar
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
- Department of Botany, S.N. Arts, D.J.M. Commerce and B.N.S. Science College, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Satyabrata Nanda
- Department of Biotechnology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, India
| | | | - Sangita Jadhav
- Department of Botany, S.N. Arts, D.J.M. Commerce and B.N.S. Science College, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay Mahajan
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | - Suresh Gawande
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
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15
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Lopes NDS, Santos AS, de Novais DPS, Pirovani CP, Micheli F. Pathogenesis-related protein 10 in resistance to biotic stress: progress in elucidating functions, regulation and modes of action. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1193873. [PMID: 37469770 PMCID: PMC10352611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Family of pathogenesis-related proteins 10 (PR-10) is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. PR-10 are multifunctional proteins, constitutively expressed in all plant tissues, playing a role in growth and development or being induced in stress situations. Several studies have investigated the preponderant role of PR-10 in plant defense against biotic stresses; however, little is known about the mechanisms of action of these proteins. This is the first systematic review conducted to gather information on the subject and to reveal the possible mechanisms of action that PR-10 perform. Methods Therefore, three databases were used for the article search: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. To avoid bias, a protocol with inclusion and exclusion criteria was prepared. In total, 216 articles related to the proposed objective of this study were selected. Results The participation of PR-10 was revealed in the plant's defense against several stressor agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes and insects, and studies involving fungi and bacteria were predominant in the selected articles. Studies with combined techniques showed a compilation of relevant information about PR-10 in biotic stress that collaborate with the understanding of the mechanisms of action of these molecules. The up-regulation of PR-10 was predominant under different conditions of biotic stress, in addition to being more expressive in resistant varieties both at the transcriptional and translational level. Discussion Biological models that have been proposed reveal an intrinsic network of molecular interactions involving the modes of action of PR-10. These include hormonal pathways, transcription factors, physical interactions with effector proteins or pattern recognition receptors and other molecules involved with the plant's defense system. Conclusion The molecular networks involving PR-10 reveal how the plant's defense response is mediated, either to trigger susceptibility or, based on data systematized in this review, more frequently, to have plant resistance to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha dos Santos Lopes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ariana Silva Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diogo Pereira Silva de Novais
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabienne Micheli
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Unité Mixte de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Meditérranéennes et Tropicales (UMR AGAP Institut), Montpellier, France
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16
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Wei L, Wang D, Gupta R, Kim ST, Wang Y. A Proteomics Insight into Advancements in the Rice-Microbe Interaction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12051079. [PMID: 36903938 PMCID: PMC10005616 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most-consumed foods worldwide. However, the productivity and quality of rice grains are severely constrained by pathogenic microbes. Over the last few decades, proteomics tools have been applied to investigate the protein level changes during rice-microbe interactions, leading to the identification of several proteins involved in disease resistance. Plants have developed a multi-layered immune system to suppress the invasion and infection of pathogens. Therefore, targeting the proteins and pathways associated with the host's innate immune response is an efficient strategy for developing stress-resistant crops. In this review, we discuss the progress made thus far with respect to rice-microbe interactions from side views of the proteome. Genetic evidence associated with pathogen-resistance-related proteins is also presented, and challenges and future perspectives are highlighted in order to understand the complexity of rice-microbe interactions and to develop disease-resistant crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dacheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zhang M, Zhao R, Huang K, Wei Z, Guo B, Huang S, Li Z, Jiang W, Wu T, Du X. OsWRKY76 positively regulates drought stress via OsbHLH148-mediated jasmonate signaling in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1168723. [PMID: 37089644 PMCID: PMC10113545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1168723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major environmental threat that limits plant growth and crop productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to uncover the molecular mechanisms behind drought tolerance in crops. Here, OsWRKY76 positively regulated drought stress in rice. OsWRKY76 expression was induced by PEG treatment, dehydration stress, and exogenous MeJA rather than by no treatment. Notably, OsWRKY76 knockout weakened drought tolerance at the seedling stage and decreased MeJA sensitivity. OsJAZ12 was significantly induced by drought stress, and its expression was significantly higher in OsWRKY76-knockout mutants than in wild-type ZH11 under drought stress. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that OsWRKY76 interacted with OsJAZ12. OsWRKY76 weakened the interaction between OsbHLH148 and OsJAZ12 in yeast cells. The OsJAZ12 protein repressed the transactivation activity of OsbHLH148, and this repression was partly restored by OsWRKY76 in rice protoplasts. Moreover, OsDREB1E expression was lower in OsWRKY76-knockout mutants than in wild-type ZH11 under drought stress, but it was upregulated under normal growth conditions. Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual-luciferase assays showed that OsWRKY76 and OsbHLH148 bound directly to the OsDREB1E promoter and activated OsDREB1E expression in response to drought stress. These results suggest that OsWRKY76 confers drought tolerance through OsbHLH148-mediated jasmonate signaling in rice, offering a new clue to uncover the mechanisms behind drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Wu
- *Correspondence: Tao Wu, ; Xinglin Du,
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18
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Lu K, Li C, Guan J, Liang WH, Chen T, Zhao QY, Zhu Z, Yao S, He L, Wei XD, Zhao L, Zhou LH, Zhao CF, Wang CL, Zhang YD. The PPR-Domain Protein SOAR1 Regulates Salt Tolerance in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:62. [PMID: 36463341 PMCID: PMC9719575 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies in Arabidopsis reported that the PPR protein SOAR1 plays critical roles in plant response to salt stress. In this study, we reported that expression of the Arabidopsis SOAR1 (AtSOAR1) in rice significantly enhanced salt tolerance at seedling growth stage and promoted grain productivity under salt stress without affecting plant productivity under non-stressful conditions. The transgenic rice lines expressing AtSOAR1 exhibited increased ABA sensitivity in ABA-induced inhibition of seedling growth, and showed altered transcription and splicing of numerous genes associated with salt stress, which may explain salt tolerance of the transgenic plants. Further, we overexpressed the homologous gene of SOAR1 in rice, OsSOAR1, and showed that transgenic plants overexpressing OsSOAR1 enhanced salt tolerance at seedling growth stage. Five salt- and other abiotic stress-induced SOAR1-like PPRs were also identified. These data showed that the SOAR1-like PPR proteins are positively involved in plant response to salt stress and may be used for crop improvement in rice under salinity conditions through transgenic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Ju Guan
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Hua Liang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Yong Zhao
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Yao
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei He
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wei
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Hui Zhou
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Fang Zhao
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Cai-Lin Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Dong Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China.
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Bioinformatics Analysis of WRKY Family Genes in Erianthus fulvus Ness. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112102. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13112102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most prominent transcription factors in higher plants, the WRKY gene family, is crucial for secondary metabolism, phytohormone signaling, plant defense responses, and plant responses to abiotic stresses. It can control the expression of a wide range of target genes by coordinating with other DNA-binding or non-DNA-binding interacting proteins. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the EfWRKY genes and initially identified 89 members of the EfWRKY transcription factor family. Using some members of the OsWRKY transcription factor family, an evolutionary tree was built using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method to classify the 89 members of the EfWRKY transcription factor family into three major taxa and one unclassified group. Molecular weights ranged from 22,614.82 to 303,622.06 Da; hydrophilicity ranged from (−0.983)–(0.159); instability coefficients ranged from 40.97–81.30; lipid coefficients ranged from 38.54–91.89; amino acid numbers ranged from 213–2738 bp; isoelectric points ranged from 4.85–10.06. A signal peptide was present in EfWRKY41 but not in the other proteins, and EfWRK85 was subcellularly localized to the cell membrane. Chromosome localization revealed that the WRKY gene was present on each chromosome, proving that the conserved pattern WRKYGQK is the family’s central conserved motif. Conserved motif analysis showed that practically all members have this motif. Analysis of the cis-acting elements indicated that, in addition to the fundamental TATA-box, CAAT-box, and light-responsive features (GT1-box), there are response elements implicated in numerous hormones, growth regulation, secondary metabolism, and abiotic stressors. These results inform further studies on the function of EfWRKY genes and will lead to the improvement of sugarcane.
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Khoso MA, Hussain A, Ritonga FN, Ali Q, Channa MM, Alshegaihi RM, Meng Q, Ali M, Zaman W, Brohi RD, Liu F, Manghwar H. WRKY transcription factors (TFs): Molecular switches to regulate drought, temperature, and salinity stresses in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1039329. [PMID: 36426143 PMCID: PMC9679293 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1039329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factor (TF) belongs to one of the major plant protein superfamilies. The WRKY TF gene family plays an important role in the regulation of transcriptional reprogramming associated with plant stress responses. Change in the expression patterns of WRKY genes or the modifications in their action; participate in the elaboration of numerous signaling pathways and regulatory networks. WRKY proteins contribute to plant growth, for example, gamete formation, seed germination, post-germination growth, stem elongation, root hair growth, leaf senescence, flowering time, and plant height. Moreover, they play a key role in many types of environmental signals, including drought, temperature, salinity, cold, and biotic stresses. This review summarizes the current progress made in unraveling the functions of numerous WRKY TFs under drought, salinity, temperature, and cold stresses as well as their role in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer Ahmed Khoso
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Amjad Hussain
- College of Plant Science and Technology, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Rana M. Alshegaihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qinglin Meng
- Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Bozhou University, Bozhou, China
| | - Musrat Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Rahim Dad Brohi
- Department of Animal Reproduction/Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Fen Liu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hakim Manghwar
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
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Khan N, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Chen X, Yang L, Zhang J, Li C, Li L, Ur Rehman S, Reynolds MP, Zhang L, Zhang X, Mao X, Jing R. TaGSNE, a WRKY transcription factor, overcomes the trade-off between grain size and grain number in common wheat and is associated with root development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6678-6696. [PMID: 35906966 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the world's major staple food crops, and breeding for improvement of grain yield is a priority under the scenarios of climate change and population growth. WRKY transcription factors are multifaceted regulators in plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. In this study, we identify the WRKY gene TaGSNE (Grain Size and Number Enhancer) in common wheat, and find that it has relatively high expression in leaves and roots, and is induced by multiple abiotic stresses. Eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in TaGSNE, forming two haplotypes in multiple germplasm collections, named as TaGSNE-Hap-1 and TaGSNE-Hap-2. In a range of different environments, TaGSNE-Hap-2 was significantly associated with increases in thousand-grain weight (TGW; 3.0%) and spikelet number per spike (4.1%), as well as with deeper roots (10.1%) and increased root dry weight (8.3%) at the mid-grain-filling stage, and these were confirmed in backcross introgression populations. Furthermore, transgenic rice lines overexpressing TaGSNE had larger panicles, more grains, increased grain size, and increased grain yield relative to the wild-type control. Analysis of geographic and temporal distributions revealed that TaGSNE-Hap-2 is positively selected in China and Pakistan, and TaGSNE-Hap-1 in Europe. Our findings demonstrate that TaGSNE overcomes the trade-off between TGW/grain size and grain number, leading us to conclude that these elite haplotypes and their functional markers could be utilized in marker-assisted selection for breeding high-yielding varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Khan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shoaib Ur Rehman
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | | | - Lichao Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinguo Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Mirza Z, Haque MM, Gupta M. WRKY transcription factors: a promising way to deal with arsenic stress in rice. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10895-10904. [PMID: 35941412 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a global carcinogenic contaminant, and is one of the significant environmental constraints that limits the development and yield of crop plants. It is always tagged along with rice as rice takes up As and tends to accumulate it in grains. This amassment makes a way for As to get into the food chain that leads to unforeseen human health risks. Being viewed as parallel with toxicity, As in rice is an important global risk that calls for an urgent solution. WRKY Transcription Factors (TFs) seems to be promising in this area. The classical and substantial progress in the molecular mechanism of WRKY TFs, strengthened the understanding of innovative solutions for dealing with As in rice. Here, we review the potential of WRKY TFs under As stressed rice as a genetic solution and also provide insights into As and rice. Further, we develop an understanding of WRKY TF gene family and its regulation in rice. To date, studies on the role of WRKY TFs under As stressed rice are lacking. This area needs to be explored more so that this gene family can be utilized as an effective genetic tool that can break the As cycle to develop low or As free rice cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Mirza
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, 25, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, 25, New Delhi, India
| | - Meetu Gupta
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, 25, New Delhi, India.
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23
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Son S, Im JH, Song G, Nam S, Park SR. OsWRKY114 Inhibits ABA-Induced Susceptibility to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158825. [PMID: 35955958 PMCID: PMC9369203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various aspects of plant growth, development, and stress responses. ABA suppresses innate immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) in rice (Oryza sativa), but the identity of the underlying regulator is unknown. In this study, we revealed that OsWRKY114 is involved in the ABA response during Xoo infection. ABA-induced susceptibility to Xoo was reduced in OsWRKY114-overexpressing rice plants. OsWRKY114 attenuated the negative effect of ABA on salicylic acid-dependent immunity. Furthermore, OsWRKY114 decreased the transcript levels of ABA-associated genes involved in ABA response and biosynthesis. Moreover, the endogenous ABA level was lower in OsWRKY114-overexpressing plants than in the wild-type plants after Xoo inoculation. Taken together, our results suggest that OsWRKY114 is a negative regulator of ABA that confers susceptibility to Xoo in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Son
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Im
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Giha Song
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Suhyeon Nam
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
- Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
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24
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Song G, Son S, Lee KS, Park YJ, Suh EJ, Lee SI, Park SR. OsWRKY114 Negatively Regulates Drought Tolerance by Restricting Stomatal Closure in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11151938. [PMID: 35893642 PMCID: PMC9331222 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY family of transcription factors plays a pivotal role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. The WRKY Group III transcription factor OsWRKY114 is a positive regulator of innate immunity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; however, its role in abiotic stress responses is largely unknown. In this study, we showed that the abundant OsWRKY114 transcripts present in transgenic rice plants are reduced under drought conditions. The overexpression of OsWRKY114 significantly increased drought sensitivity in rice, which resulted in a lower survival rate after drought stress. Moreover, we showed that stomatal closure, which is a strategy to save water under drought, is restricted in OsWRKY114-overexpressing plants compared with wild-type plants. The expression levels of PYR/PYL/RCAR genes, such as OsPYL2 and OsPYL10 that confer drought tolerance through stomatal closure, were also markedly lower in the OsWRKY114-overexpressing plants. Taken together, these results suggest that OsWRKY114 negatively regulates plant tolerance to drought stress via inhibition of stomatal closure, which would otherwise prevent water loss in rice.
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25
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Liang X, Li Y, Yao A, Liu W, Yang T, Zhao M, Zhang B, Han D. Overexpression of MxbHLH18 Increased Iron and High Salinity Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148007. [PMID: 35887354 PMCID: PMC9319408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the life cycle of apple, it will suffer a variety of abiotic stresses, such as iron stress and salt stress. bHLH transcription factors (TFs) play an indispensable role in the response of plants to stress. In this study, a new bHLH gene named MxbHLH18 was separated from Malus xiaojinensis. According to the results of subcellular localization, MxbHLH18 was localized in the nucleus. Salt stress and iron stress affected the expression of MxbHLH18 in Malus xiaojinensis seedlings to a large extent. Due to the introduction of MxbHLH18, the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to salt, high iron and low iron was significantly enhanced. Under the environmental conditions of high iron and low iron, the overexpression of MxbHLH18 increased many physiological indexes of transgenic Arabidopsis compared to wild type (WT), such as root length, fresh weight and iron content. The high level expression of MxbHLH18 in transformed Arabidopsis thaliana can not only increased the content of chlorophyll and proline, as well as increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT); it also reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), which was more obvious under high salt conditions. In addition, the relative conductivity, H2O2 content and O2− content in transgenic Arabidopsis decreased under salt stress. Meanwhile, MxbHLH18 can also regulate the expression of downstream genes associated with salt stress (AtCBF1/2/3, AtKIN1 and AtCOR15a/b) and iron stress (AtIRT1, AtFRO2, AtNAS2, ATACT2, AtZIF1 and AtOPT3). Therefore, MxbHLH18 can actively promote the adaptability of plants to the growth environment of salt and low and/or iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions/College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (A.Y.); (T.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yingmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions/College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (A.Y.); (T.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Anqi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions/College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (A.Y.); (T.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Wanda Liu
- Horticulture Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions/College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (A.Y.); (T.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mengfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions/College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (A.Y.); (T.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Bingxiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions/College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (A.Y.); (T.Y.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (D.H.); Tel.: +86-451-55190781 (D.H.)
| | - Deguo Han
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions/College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (A.Y.); (T.Y.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (D.H.); Tel.: +86-451-55190781 (D.H.)
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26
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Pal G, Bakade R, Deshpande S, Sureshkumar V, Patil SS, Dawane A, Agarwal S, Niranjan V, PrasannaKumar MK, Vemanna RS. Transcriptomic responses under combined bacterial blight and drought stress in rice reveal potential genes to improve multi-stress tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:349. [PMID: 35850621 PMCID: PMC9290298 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unprecedented drought and frequent occurrence of pathogen infection in rice is becoming more due to climate change. Simultaneous occurrence of stresses lead to more crop loss. To cope up multiple stresses, the durable resistant cultivars needs to be developed, by identifying relevant genes from combined biotic and abiotic stress exposed plants. RESULTS We studied the effect of drought stress, bacterial leaf blight disease causing Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathogen infection and combined stress in contrasting BPT5204 and TN1 rice genotypes. Mild drought stress increased Xoo infection irrespective of the genotype. To identify relevant genes that could be used to develop multi-stress tolerant rice, RNA sequencing from individual drought, pathogen and combined stresses in contrasting genotypes has been developed. Many important genes are identified from resistant genotype and diverse group of genes are differentially expressed in contrasting genotypes under combined stress. Further, a meta-analysis from individual drought and Xoo pathogen stress from public domain data sets narrowed- down candidate differentially expressed genes. Many translation associated genes are differentially expressed suggesting their extra-ribosomal function in multi-stress adaptation. Overexpression of many of these genes showed their relevance in improving stress tolerance in rice by different scientific groups. In combined stress, many downregulated genes also showed their relevance in stress adaptation when they were over-expressed. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies many important genes, which can be used as molecular markers and targets for genetic manipulation to develop durable resistant rice cultivars. Strategies should be developed to activate downregulated genes, to improve multi-stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Pal
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Haryana, 121 001, India
| | - Rahul Bakade
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Sanjay Deshpande
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Haryana, 121 001, India
| | - V Sureshkumar
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Haryana, 121 001, India
| | - Swathi S Patil
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Akashata Dawane
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Haryana, 121 001, India
| | - Subham Agarwal
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Haryana, 121 001, India
| | - Vidya Niranjan
- Department of Biotechnology, R.V. Engineering College, Bengaluru, 560059, India
| | - M K PrasannaKumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Ramu S Vemanna
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Haryana, 121 001, India.
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27
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Hu Y, Chen X, Shen X. Regulatory network established by transcription factors transmits drought stress signals in plant. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:26. [PMID: 37676542 PMCID: PMC10442052 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms that evolve with a flexible signal transduction system in order to rapidly respond to environmental changes. Drought, a common abiotic stress, affects multiple plant developmental processes especially growth. In response to drought stress, an intricate hierarchical regulatory network is established in plant to survive from the extreme environment. The transcriptional regulation carried out by transcription factors (TFs) is the most important step for the establishment of the network. In this review, we summarized almost all the TFs that have been reported to participate in drought tolerance (DT) in plant. Totally 466 TFs from 86 plant species that mostly belong to 11 families are collected here. This demonstrates that TFs in these 11 families are the main transcriptional regulators of plant DT. The regulatory network is built by direct protein-protein interaction or mutual regulation of TFs. TFs receive upstream signals possibly via post-transcriptional regulation and output signals to downstream targets via direct binding to their promoters to regulate gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Xiangling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
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28
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Mondal KK, Kulshreshtha A, Handique PJ, Borbora D, Rajrana Y, Verma G, Bhattacharya A, Qamar A, Lakshmi A, Reddy K, Soni M, Ghoshal T, Rashmi ER, Mrutyunjaya S, Kalaivanan NS, Mani C. Rice transcriptome upon infection with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae relative to its avirulent T3SS-defective strain exposed modulation of many stress responsive genes. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:130. [PMID: 35607392 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a destructive pathogen that causes bacterial blight disease of rice worldwide. Xoo uses T3SS (type III secretion system) effectors to subvert rice innate immunity. However, the comprehensive knowledge of rice genes involved in T3SS effectors-mediated interaction remains unclear. In this study, the transcriptome profiles of rice infected with a virulent Xoo strain from North-eastern region of India relatives to its avirulent strain (that lacks functional T3SS) were analyzed at early (2-6 hpi) and late (16-24 hpi) hours of infection. Out of total 255 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), during early infection, 62 and 70 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. At late infection, 70 and 53 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. The transcriptomic data identified many differentially expressed resistant genes, transposons, transcription factors, serine/threonine protein kinase, cytochrome P450 and peroxidase genes that are involved in plant defense. Pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs are involved in hormone signaling, plant defense, cellular metabolism, growth and development processes. DEGs associated with plant defense were also validated through quantitative real-time PCR. Our study brings a comprehensive picture of the rice genes that are being differentially expressed during bacterial blight infection. Nevertheless, the DEG-associated pathways would provide sensible targets for developing resistance to bacterial blight. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03193-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan K Mondal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Aditya Kulshreshtha
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | | | | | - Yuvika Rajrana
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Geeta Verma
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | | | - Aarzoo Qamar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Amrutha Lakshmi
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - KishoreKumar Reddy
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Madhvi Soni
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Thungri Ghoshal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - E R Rashmi
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India.,Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Assam, India
| | - S Mrutyunjaya
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - N S Kalaivanan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Chander Mani
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
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Wang G, Wang X, Ma H, Fan H, Lin F, Chen J, Chai T, Wang H. PcWRKY11, an II-d WRKY Transcription Factor from Polygonum cuspidatum, Enhances Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084357. [PMID: 35457178 PMCID: PMC9025145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Being an invasive plant, Polygonum cuspidatum is highly resilient and can survive in unfavorable environments for long periods; however, its molecular mechanisms associated with such environmental resistance are largely unknown. In this study, a WRKY transcription factor (TF) gene, PcWRKY11, was identified from P. cuspidatum by analyzing methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-treated transcriptome data. It showed a high degree of homology with WRKY11 from Arabidopsis thaliana, containing a WRKY domain and a zinc finger structure and II-d WRKY characteristic domains of HARF, a calmodulin-binding domain (C-motif), and a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) through sequence alignment and functional element mining. qPCR analysis showed that the expression of PcWRKY11 can be induced by NaCl, osmotic stress, and UV-C. In this study, we also found that overexpression of PcWRKY11 in A. thaliana could significantly increase salt tolerance. To explore its possible molecular mechanism, further investigations showed that compared with the wild type (WT), under salt stress, the transgenic plants showed a lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, higher expression of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and higher enzyme activity of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Moreover, the transgenic plants also showed higher expression of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (AtP5CS), and higher contents of proline and soluble sugar. Taken together, these results indicate that PcWRKY11 may have a positive role in plants’ adaptation to salinity conditions by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increasing osmosis substance synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; (G.W.); (X.W.); (H.M.); (H.F.); (F.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; (G.W.); (X.W.); (H.M.); (H.F.); (F.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Hongping Ma
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; (G.W.); (X.W.); (H.M.); (H.F.); (F.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Haili Fan
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; (G.W.); (X.W.); (H.M.); (H.F.); (F.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Fan Lin
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; (G.W.); (X.W.); (H.M.); (H.F.); (F.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jianhui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; (G.W.); (X.W.); (H.M.); (H.F.); (F.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Tuanyao Chai
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; (G.W.); (X.W.); (H.M.); (H.F.); (F.L.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-1069672628 (H.W.)
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; (G.W.); (X.W.); (H.M.); (H.F.); (F.L.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-1069672628 (H.W.)
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30
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Lim C, Kang K, Shim Y, Yoo SC, Paek NC. Inactivating transcription factor OsWRKY5 enhances drought tolerance through abscisic acid signaling pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1900-1916. [PMID: 34718775 PMCID: PMC8968288 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During crop cultivation, water-deficit conditions retard growth, thus reducing crop productivity. Therefore, uncovering the mechanisms behind drought tolerance is a critical task for crop improvement. Here, we show that the rice (Oryza sativa) WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY5 negatively regulates drought tolerance. We determined that OsWRKY5 was mainly expressed in developing leaves at the seedling and heading stages, and that its expression was reduced by drought stress and by treatment with NaCl, mannitol, and abscisic acid (ABA). Notably, the genome-edited loss-of-function alleles oswrky5-2 and oswrky5-3 conferred enhanced drought tolerance, measured as plant growth under water-deficit conditions. Conversely, the overexpression of OsWRKY5 in the activation-tagged line oswrky5-D resulted in higher susceptibility under the same conditions. The loss of OsWRKY5 activity increased sensitivity to ABA, thus promoting ABA-dependent stomatal closure. Transcriptome deep sequencing and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that the expression of abiotic stress-related genes including rice MYB2 (OsMYB2) was upregulated in oswrky5 knockout mutants and downregulated in oswrky5-D mutants. Moreover, dual-luciferase, yeast one-hybrid, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that OsWRKY5 directly binds to the W-box sequences in the promoter region of OsMYB2 and represses OsMYB2 expression, thus downregulating genes downstream of OsMYB2 in the ABA signaling pathways. Our results demonstrate that OsWRKY5 functions as a negative regulator of ABA-induced drought stress tolerance, strongly suggesting that inactivation of OsWRKY5 or manipulation of key OsWRKY5 targets could be useful to improve drought tolerance in rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yejin Shim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Cheul Yoo
- Department of Plant Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
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31
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Abdirad S, Ghaffari MR, Majd A, Irian S, Soleymaniniya A, Daryani P, Koobaz P, Shobbar ZS, Farsad LK, Yazdanpanah P, Sadri A, Mirzaei M, Ghorbanzadeh Z, Kazemi M, Hadidi N, Haynes PA, Salekdeh GH. Genome-Wide Expression Analysis of Root Tips in Contrasting Rice Genotypes Revealed Novel Candidate Genes for Water Stress Adaptation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:792079. [PMID: 35265092 PMCID: PMC8899714 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.792079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) is an important agronomic trait with vital roles in plant productivity under water stress conditions. A deep and branched root system may help plants to avoid water stress by enabling them to acquire more water and nutrient resources. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the genetics and molecular control mechanisms of RSA is still relatively limited. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome response of root tips to water stress in two well-known genotypes of rice: IR64, a high-yielding lowland genotype, which represents a drought-susceptible and shallow-rooting genotype; and Azucena, a traditional, upland, drought-tolerant and deep-rooting genotype. We collected samples from three zones (Z) of root tip: two consecutive 5 mm sections (Z1 and Z2) and the following next 10 mm section (Z3), which mainly includes meristematic and maturation regions. Our results showed that Z1 of Azucena was enriched for genes involved in cell cycle and division and root growth and development whereas in IR64 root, responses to oxidative stress were strongly enriched. While the expansion of the lateral root system was used as a strategy by both genotypes when facing water shortage, it was more pronounced in Azucena. Our results also suggested that by enhancing meristematic cell wall thickening for insulation purposes as a means of confronting stress, the sensitive IR64 genotype may have reduced its capacity for root elongation to extract water from deeper layers of the soil. Furthermore, several members of gene families such as NAC, AP2/ERF, AUX/IAA, EXPANSIN, WRKY, and MYB emerged as main players in RSA and drought adaptation. We also found that HSP and HSF gene families participated in oxidative stress inhibition in IR64 root tip. Meta-quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis revealed that 288 differentially expressed genes were colocalized with RSA QTLs previously reported under drought and normal conditions. This finding warrants further research into their possible roles in drought adaptation. Overall, our analyses presented several major molecular differences between Azucena and IR64, which may partly explain their differential root growth responses to water stress. It appears that Azucena avoided water stress through enhancing growth and root exploration to access water, whereas IR64 might mainly rely on cell insulation to maintain water and antioxidant system to withstand stress. We identified a large number of novel RSA and drought associated candidate genes, which should encourage further exploration of their potential to enhance drought adaptation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Abdirad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaffari
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Irian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Daryani
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parisa Koobaz
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra-Sadat Shobbar
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Laleh Karimi Farsad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parisa Yazdanpanah
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sadri
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zahra Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehrbano Kazemi
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Hadidi
- Department of Clinical Research and Electronic Microscope, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paul A. Haynes
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Luo Y, Huang XX, Song XF, Wen BB, Xie NC, Wang KB, Huang JA, Liu ZH. Identification of a WRKY transcriptional activator from Camellia sinensis that regulates methylated EGCG biosynthesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac024. [PMID: 35184160 PMCID: PMC9071374 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring methylated catechins, especially methylated EGCG in tea leaves are known to have many health benefits. Although the genes involved in methylated EGCG biosynthesis have been studied extensively, the transcriptional factors controlling methylated EGCG biosynthesis are still poorly understood. In the present study, a WRKY domain-containing protein termed CsWRKY57like was identified, which belongs to group IIc of the WRKY family, and contains one conserved WRKY motif. CsWRKY57like was found to localize in the nucleus, function as a transcriptional activator, and its expression positively correlated with methylated EGCG level. In addition, CsWRKY57like activated the transcription of three genes related to methylated EGCG biosynthesis, including CCoAOMT, CsLAR, and CsDFR by specifically interacting with their promoters via binding to the cis-acting element (C/T)TGAC(T/C). Further assays revealed that CsWRKY57like physically interacts with CsVQ4, and participates in the metabolic regulation of O-methylated catechin biosynthesis. Collectively, we conclude that CsWRKY57like may positively impact the biosynthesis of methylated EGCG in the tea plant, which comprehensively enriches the regulatory network of WRKY TFs associated with methylated EGCG and provide a potential strategy for the breeding of specific tea plant cultivars with high methylated EGCG .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, China
| | - Xiang-xiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education & National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiao-feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education & National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Bei-bei Wen
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025
| | - Nian-ci Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education & National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Kun-bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education & National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jian-an Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education & National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhong-hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education & National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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Zargar SM, Mir RA, Ebinezer LB, Masi A, Hami A, Manzoor M, Salgotra RK, Sofi NR, Mushtaq R, Rohila JS, Rakwal R. Physiological and Multi-Omics Approaches for Explaining Drought Stress Tolerance and Supporting Sustainable Production of Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:803603. [PMID: 35154193 PMCID: PMC8829427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.803603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought differs from other natural disasters in several respects, largely because of the complexity of a crop's response to it and also because we have the least understanding of a crop's inductive mechanism for addressing drought tolerance among all abiotic stressors. Overall, the growth and productivity of crops at a global level is now thought to be an issue that is more severe and arises more frequently due to climatic change-induced drought stress. Among the major crops, rice is a frontline staple cereal crop of the developing world and is critical to sustaining populations on a daily basis. Worldwide, studies have reported a reduction in rice productivity over the years as a consequence of drought. Plants are evolutionarily primed to withstand a substantial number of environmental cues by undergoing a wide range of changes at the molecular level, involving gene, protein and metabolite interactions to protect the growing plant. Currently, an in-depth, precise and systemic understanding of fundamental biological and cellular mechanisms activated by crop plants during stress is accomplished by an umbrella of -omics technologies, such as transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics. This combination of multi-omics approaches provides a comprehensive understanding of cellular dynamics during drought or other stress conditions in comparison to a single -omics approach. Thus a greater need to utilize information (big-omics data) from various molecular pathways to develop drought-resilient crop varieties for cultivation in ever-changing climatic conditions. This review article is focused on assembling current peer-reviewed published knowledge on the use of multi-omics approaches toward expediting the development of drought-tolerant rice plants for sustainable rice production and realizing global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, India
| | - Leonard Barnabas Ebinezer
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ammarah Hami
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Madhiya Manzoor
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Romesh K. Salgotra
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Najeebul Rehman Sofi
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Roohi Mushtaq
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, SP College, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar, India
| | - Jai Singh Rohila
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Stuttgart, AR, United States
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Im JH, Choi C, Park SR, Hwang DJ. The OsWRKY6 transcriptional cascade functions in basal defense and Xa1-mediated defense of rice against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. PLANTA 2022; 255:47. [PMID: 35076864 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rice protein OsWRKY6 directly activates OsWRKY45 and OsWRKY47 expression, and also activates OsPR1a and OsPR1b through the two OsWRKYs, and this transcriptional module participates in Xa1-mediated defense against the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Biotic stress, the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) in particular, negatively impacts worldwide productivity and yield in the staple crop rice (Oryza sativa). OsWRKY transcription factors are involved in various biotic stress responses in rice, and OsWRKY6 specifically acts as an important defense regulator against Xoo. However, the relationship between OsWRKY6 and other OsWRKYs, as well as its role in resistance (R) gene-mediated defense, have yet to be studied in depth. Here, we characterized a transcriptional cascade triggered by OsWRKY6 that regulated defense against Xoo infection mediated by the NBS-LRR protein Xa1. OsWRKY45 and OsWRKY47 were identified as direct transcriptional targets of OsWRKY6, and their two gene products reciprocally activated their two genes. Furthermore, OsWRKY6 activated OsPR1a and OsPR1b via the OsWRKY45 and OsWRKY47. Two OsWRKY6 RNAi knockdown lines showed significantly reduced defense even against an incompatible Xoo infection, and the expression of OsWRKY6 was not regulated by OsWRKY51 and OsWRKY88. This study reveals that a novel downstream transcriptional pathway activated by OsWRKY6 is involved in Xa1-mediated defense against Xoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Im
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Changhyun Choi
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, 180 Hyeoksin-ro, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Ju Hwang
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea.
- Mediprogen Inc.1447, Pyungchang-gun, 25354, Republic of Korea.
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Recent Duplications Dominate VQ and WRKY Gene Expansions in Six Prunus Species. Int J Genomics 2021; 2021:4066394. [PMID: 34961840 PMCID: PMC8710041 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4066394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding VQ motif-containing (VQ) transcriptional regulators and WRKY transcription factors can participate separately or jointly in plant growth, development, and abiotic and biotic stress responses. In this study, 222 VQ and 645 WRKY genes were identified in six Prunus species. Based on phylogenetic tree topologies, the VQ and WRKY genes were classified into 13 and 32 clades, respectively. Therefore, at least 13 VQ gene copies and 32 WRKY gene copies were present in the genome of the common ancestor of the six Prunus species. Similar small Ks value peaks for the VQ and WRKY genes suggest that the two gene families underwent recent duplications in the six studied species. The majority of the Ka/Ks ratios were less than 1, implying that most of the VQ and WRKY genes had undergone purifying selection. Pi values were significantly higher in the VQ genes than in the WRKY genes, and the VQ genes therefore exhibited greater nucleotide diversity in the six species. Forty-one of the Prunus VQ genes were predicted to interact with 44 of the WRKY genes, and the expression levels of some predicted VQ-WRKY interacting pairs were significantly correlated. Differential expression patterns of the VQ and WRKY genes suggested that some might be involved in regulating aphid resistance in P. persica and fruit development in P. avium.
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36
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Cross-Tolerance and Autoimmunity as Missing Links in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses in Plants: A Perspective toward Secondary Metabolic Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111945. [PMID: 34769374 PMCID: PMC8584326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants employ a diversified array of defense activities when they encounter stress. Continuous activation of defense pathways that were induced by mutation or altered expression of disease resistance genes and mRNA surveillance mechanisms develop abnormal phenotypes. These plants show continuous defense genes' expression, reduced growth, and also manifest tissue damage by apoptosis. These macroscopic abrasions appear even in the absence of the pathogen and can be attributed to a condition known as autoimmunity. The question is whether it is possible to develop an autoimmune mutant that does not fetch yield and growth penalty and provides enhanced protection against various biotic and abiotic stresses via secondary metabolic pathways' engineering. This review is a discussion about the common stress-fighting mechanisms, how the concept of cross-tolerance instigates propitious or protective autoimmunity, and how it can be achieved by engineering secondary metabolic pathways.
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Yan L, Baoxiang W, Jingfang L, Zhiguang S, Ming C, Yungao X, Bo X, Bo Y, Jian L, Jinbo L, Tingmu C, Zhaowei F, Baiguan L, Dayong X, Bello BK. A novel SAPK10-WRKY87-ABF1 biological pathway synergistically enhance abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:252-262. [PMID: 34656861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play a role in a variety of biological processes. Several studies have revealed that abiotic stress regulates the transcription of a large number of WRKY genes. In this study, we report the identification of a novel 'SAPK10-WRKY87-ABF1' biological pathway, through which they harmoniously enhance drought and salinity tolerance. We generated OsWRKY87-overexpressing transgenic rice and found that the transgenic seedlings exhibited significantly improved drought and salinity stress tolerance. Subcellular localization in rice seedling protoplast revealed that OsWRKY87-GFP fusion protein mostly accumulated in the nucleus, suggesting that OsWRKY87 is a nucleus-localized protein, in line with the predicted function of OsWRKY87 as a transcription factor. In vivo interaction between SAPK10 and WRKY87 was demonstrated by Yeast two-hybrid-assay. In addition, phosphorylation assays showed that SAPK10 exhibits autophosphorylation activity on the 177th serine, enabling it to phosphorylate WRKY87. OsWRKY87 functioned as a transcriptional initiator, according to a yeast one-hybrid assay and a luciferase assay. Remarkably, gel mobility shift assay showed that phosphorylated WRKY87 enhances its DNA-binding ability to the W-box cis-element of ABF1 promoter and activated its transcription, thereby elevating the ABF1 transcription and improving drought and salinity tolerance. Overall, our findings revealed a novel 'SAPK10- WRKY87-ABF1' module, which synergistically interacts to improve drought and salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yan
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Wang Baoxiang
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Li Jingfang
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Sun Zhiguang
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Chi Ming
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Xing Yungao
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Xu Bo
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Yang Bo
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Li Jian
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Liu Jinbo
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Chen Tingmu
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Fang Zhaowei
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Lu Baiguan
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Xu Dayong
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China.
| | - Babatunde Kazeem Bello
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, China.
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Shan D, Wang C, Song H, Bai Y, Zhang H, Hu Z, Wang L, Shi K, Zheng X, Yan T, Sun Y, Zhu Y, Zhang T, Zhou Z, Guo Y, Kong J. The MdMEK2-MdMPK6-MdWRKY17 pathway stabilizes chlorophyll levels by directly regulating MdSUFB in apple under drought stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:814-828. [PMID: 34469599 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress severely limits plant growth and production in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). To breed water-deficit-tolerant apple cultivars that maintain high yields under slight or moderate drought stress, it is important to uncover the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of chlorophyll metabolism in apple. To explore this mechanism, we generated transgenic 'Gala3' apple plants with overexpression or knockdown of MdWRKY17, which encodes a transcription factor whose expression is significantly induced by water deficit. Under moderate drought stress, we observed significantly higher chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis rates in overexpression transgenic plants than in controls, whereas these were dramatically lower in the knockdown lines. MdWRKY17 directly regulates MdSUFB expression, as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. MdSUFB, a key component of the sulfur mobilization (SUF) system that assembles Fe-S clusters, is essential for inhibiting chlorophyll degradation and stabilizing electron transport during photosynthesis, leading to higher chlorophyll levels in transgenic apple plants overexpressing MdWRKY17. The activated MdMEK2-MdMPK6 cascade by water-deficit stress fine-tunes the MdWRKY17-MdSUFB pathway by phosphorylating MdWRKY17 under water-deficit stress. This fine-tuning of the MdWRKY17-MdSUFB regulatory pathway is important for balancing plant survival and yield losses (chlorophyll degradation and reduced photosynthesis) under slight or moderate drought stress. The phosphorylation by MdMEK2-MdMPK6 activates the MdWRKY17-MdSUFB pathway at S66 (identified by LC-MS), as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our findings reveal that the MdMEK2-MdMPK6-MdWRKY17-MdSUFB pathway stabilizes chlorophyll levels under moderate drought stress, which could facilitate the breeding of apple varieties that maintain high yields under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqian Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chanyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Handong Song
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yixue Bai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zehui Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianci Yan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanzhao Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin Kong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Li Z, Li K, Yang X, Hao H, Jing HC. Combined QTL mapping and association study reveals candidate genes for leaf number and flowering time in maize. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3459-3472. [PMID: 34247253 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Twelve QTL for flowering and leaf number were detected. The ZmWRKY14Hap4 could increase leaf number, flowering time and biomass yield which are promising for silage maize breeding. Silage maize, one of the most important feedstock for ruminants, is widely grown from temperate regions to the tropics. Flowering time and leaf number are two significantly correlated traits and important for the quality, adaptation and biomass yield of silage maize. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population consisting of 215 individuals and an association panel of 369 inbred lines were analysed in field conditions in three locations for 2 consecutive years, and five, four and three quantitative trait loci for the total leaf number, days to anthesis (DTA) and silking (DTS) were detected, which could explain 48.55, 35.37 and 34.22% of total phenotypic variation, respectively. Association analysis of qLN10 on chromosome 10 found that ZmWRKY14 was the candidate gene for leaf number, whose expression level was negatively correlated with the leaf number. There are five haplotypes for ZmWRKY14, and haplotype 4 could significantly increase flowering time, leaf number and biomass yield, but has no obvious influence on ear weight. The optimal allelic combination of ZmWRKY14 and ZCN8 could further increase leaf number and biomass yield. The results will provide important genetic information for silage maize breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Maize Improvement Centre of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huaiqing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Hai-Chun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Grass-Based Livestock Husbandry, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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Fan T, Lv T, Xie C, Zhou Y, Tian C. Genome-Wide Analysis of the IQM Gene Family in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10091949. [PMID: 34579481 PMCID: PMC8469326 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Members of the IQM (IQ-Motif Containing) gene family are involved in plant growth and developmental processes, biotic and abiotic stress response. To systematically analyze the IQM gene family and their expression profiles under diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, we identified 8 IQM genes in the rice genome. In the current study, the whole genome identification and characterization of OsIQMs, including the gene and protein structure, genome localization, phylogenetic relationship, gene expression and yeast two-hybrid were performed. Eight IQM genes were classified into three subfamilies (I-III) according to the phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure and protein motif analyses showed that these IQM genes are relatively conserved within each subfamily of rice. The 8 OsIQM genes are distributed on seven out of the twelve chromosomes, with three IQM gene pairs involved in segmental duplication events. The evolutionary patterns analysis revealed that the IQM genes underwent a large-scale event within the last 20 to 9 million years. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR analysis of eight OsIQMs genes displayed different expression patterns at different developmental stages and in different tissues as well as showed that most IQM genes were responsive to PEG, NaCl, jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, suggesting their crucial roles in biotic, and abiotic stress response. Additionally, a yeast two-hybrid assay showed that OsIQMs can interact with OsCaMs, and the IQ motif of OsIQMs is required for OsIQMs to combine with OsCaMs. Our results will be valuable to further characterize the important biological functions of rice IQM genes.
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Jha DK, Chanwala J, Sandeep IS, Dey N. Comprehensive identification and expression analysis of GRAS gene family under abiotic stress and phytohormone treatments in Pearl millet. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:1039-1052. [PMID: 34266539 DOI: 10.1071/fp21051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet is an important C4 cereal plant that possesses enormous capacity to survive under extreme climatic conditions. It serves as a major food source for people in arid and semiarid regions of south-east Asia and Africa. GRAS is an important transcription factor gene family of plant that play a critical role in regulating developmental processes, stress responses and phytohormonal signalling. In the present study, we have identified a total number of 57 GRAS members in pearl millet. Phylogenetic analysis clustered all the PgGRAS genes into eight groups (GroupI-GroupVIII). Motif analysis has shown that all the PgGRAS proteins had conserved GRAS domains and gene structure analysis revealed a high structural diversity among PgGRAS genes. Expression patterns of PgGRAS genes in different tissues (leaf, stem and root) and under various abiotic stress (drought, heat and salinity) were determined. Further, expression analysis was also carried out in response to various hormones (SA, MeJA, GA and ABA). The results provide a clear understanding of GRAS transcription factor family in pearl millet, and lay a good foundation for the functional characterisation of GRAS genes in pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Jha
- Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Chandrasekharpur,Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jeky Chanwala
- Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Chandrasekharpur,Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001 Haryana, India
| | - I Sriram Sandeep
- Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Chandrasekharpur,Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nrisingha Dey
- Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Chandrasekharpur,Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Corresponding author. ,
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Huang S, Hu L, Zhang S, Zhang M, Jiang W, Wu T, Du X. Rice OsWRKY50 Mediates ABA-Dependent Seed Germination and Seedling Growth, and ABA-Independent Salt Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168625. [PMID: 34445331 PMCID: PMC8395310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant WRKY transcription factors play crucial roles in plant growth and development, as well as plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified and characterized a WRKY transcription factor in rice, OsWRKY50. OsWRKY50 functions as a transcriptional repressor in the nucleus. The transcription of OsWRKY50 was repressed under salt stress conditions, but activated after abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. OsWRKY50-overexpression (OsWRKY50-OX) plants displayed increased tolerance to salt stress compared to wild type and control plants. The expression of OsLEA3, OsRAB21, OsHKT1;5, and OsP5CS1 in OsWRKY50-OX were much higher than wild type and control plants under salt stress. Furthermore, OsWRKY50-OX displayed hyposensitivity to ABA-regulated seed germination and seedling establishment. The protoplast-based transient expression system and yeast hybrid assay demonstrated that OsWRKY50 directly binds to the promoter of OsNCED5, and thus further inhibits its transcription. Taken together, our results demonstrate that rice transcription repressor OsWRKY50 mediates ABA-dependent seed germination and seedling growth and enhances salt stress tolerance via an ABA-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tao Wu
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (X.D.)
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Wani SH, Anand S, Singh B, Bohra A, Joshi R. WRKY transcription factors and plant defense responses: latest discoveries and future prospects. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1071-1085. [PMID: 33860345 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are among the largest families of transcriptional regulators. In this review, their pivotal role in modulating various signal transduction pathways during biotic and abiotic stresses is discussed. Transcription factors (TFs) are important constituents of plant signaling pathways that define plant responses against biotic and abiotic stimuli besides playing a role in response to internal signals which coordinate different interacting partners during developmental processes. WRKY TFs, deriving their nomenclature from their signature DNA-binding sequence, represent one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators found exclusively in plants. By modulating different signal transduction pathways, these TFs contribute to various plant processes including nutrient deprivation, embryogenesis, seed and trichome development, senescence as well as other developmental and hormone-regulated processes. A growing body of research suggests transcriptional regulation of WRKY TFs in adapting plant to a variety of stressed environments. WRKY TFs can regulate diverse biological functions from receptors for pathogen triggered immunity, modulator of chromatin for specific interaction and signal transfer through a complicated network of genes. Latest discoveries illustrate the interaction of WRKY proteins with other TFs to form an integral part of signaling webs that regulate several seemingly disparate processes and defense-related genes, thus establishing their significant contributions to plant immune response. The present review starts with a brief description on the structural characteristics of WRKY TFs followed by the sections that present recent evidence on their roles in diverse biological processes in plants. We provide a comprehensive overview on regulatory crosstalks involving WRKY TFs during multiple stress responses in plants and future prospects of WRKY TFs as promising molecular diagnostics for enhancing crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir H Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher‑e‑Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K 192101, India
| | - Shruti Anand
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher‑e‑Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K 192101, India
| | - Balwant Singh
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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A WRKY Transcription Factor, EjWRKY17, from Eriobotrya japonica Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115593. [PMID: 34070474 PMCID: PMC8197471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY gene family, which is one of the largest transcription factor (TF) families, plays an important role in numerous aspects of plant growth and development, especially in various stress responses. However, the functional roles of the WRKY gene family in loquat are relatively unknown. In this study, a novel WRKY gene, EjWRKY17, was characterized from Eriobotrya japonica, which was significantly upregulated in leaves by melatonin treatment during drought stress. The EjWRKY17 protein, belonging to group II of the WRKY family, was localized in the nucleus. The results indicated that overexpression of EjWRKY17 increased cotyledon greening and root elongation in transgenic Arabidopsis lines under abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Meanwhile, overexpression of EjWRKY17 led to enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic lines, which was supported by the lower water loss, limited electrolyte leakage, and lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Further investigations showed that overexpression of EjWRKY17 promoted ABA-mediated stomatal closure and remarkably up-regulated ABA biosynthesis and stress-related gene expression in transgenic lines under drought stress. Overall, our findings reveal that EjWRKY17 possibly acts as a positive regulator in ABA-regulated drought tolerance.
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Wang Z, Luo Z, Liu Y, Li Z, Liu P, Bai G, Zhou Z, Xie H, Yang J. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of NtWRKY11b in promoting the biosynthesis of flavonols in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110799. [PMID: 33568298 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of flavonols and anthocyanins is precisely regulated by different transcription factors in plants. WRKY11 promotes the biosynthesis of flavonoids in apple, but the molecular mechanism of WRKY11 regulating flavonols biosynthesis, and whether WRKY11 plays the same roles in other plants species remains to be further studied. Here, we cloned four NtWRKY11 genes from tobacco, which all contained the conserved WRKYGQK heptapeptide and a zinc-finger motif. The NtWRKY11b showed higher expression levels than the other NtWRKY11 genes in all the tobacco tissues examined, especially in tobacco leaves. Silencing of NtWRKY11b in tobacco leaves reduced the content of flavonols to 45.2 %-69.8 % of that in the WT plants, but overexpression of NtWRKY11b increased the flavonols content by 37.8 %-80.7 %. Transcriptome analysis revealed 8 flavonoids related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NtWRKY11b-OE and WT plants, among which the transcription of NtMYB12, NtFLS, NtGT5, and NtUFGT was significantly induced by posttranslational activation of NtWRKY11b with the presence of protein synthesis inhibitor, indicating a putative direct promotion of NtWRKY11b on the transcription of these flavonoids related genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further demonstrated that NtWRKY11b could bind to the promoter regions of NtMYB12, NtFLS, NtGT5, and NtUFGT to activate the transcription of these genes. Moreover, ectopic expression of NtWRKY11b also promoted the expression levels of NtCML38, NtCTL1, NtWRKY44, and NtCML37 genes, which have been shown to enhance plant resistance to various stresses. Our findings revealed the molecular mechanism of NtWRKY11b regulating flavonols biosynthesis, and provided a promising target for increasing flavonols content in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhaopeng Luo
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Zefeng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ge Bai
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - He Xie
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Genome-wide transcriptome reveals mechanisms underlying Rlm1-mediated blackleg resistance on canola. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4407. [PMID: 33623070 PMCID: PMC7902848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic resistance to blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans, Lm) of canola (Brassica napus, Bn) has been extensively studied, but the mechanisms underlying the host-pathogen interaction are still not well understood. Here, a comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on a resistant doubled haploid Bn line carrying the resistance gene Rlm1 following inoculation with a virulent (avrLm1) or avirulent (AvrLm1) Lm isolate on cotyledons. A total of 6999 and 3015 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, respectively, in inoculated local tissues with compatible (susceptible) and incompatible (resistant) interactions. Functional enrichment analysis found several biological processes, including protein targeting to membrane, ribosome and negative regulation of programmed cell death, were over-represented exclusively among up-regulated DEGs in the resistant reaction, whereas significant enrichment of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways observed for down-regulated DEGs occurred only in the susceptible reaction. A heat-map analysis showed that both biosynthesis and signaling of SA and JA were induced more significantly in the resistant reaction, implying that a threshold level of SA and JA signaling is required for the activation of Rlm1-mediated resistance. Co-expression network analysis revealed close correlation of a gene module with the resistance, involving DEGs regulating pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition, JA signaling and transcriptional reprogramming. Substantially fewer DEGs were identified in mock-inoculated (control) cotyledons, relative to those in inoculated local tissues, including those involved in SA pathways potentially contributing to systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Pre-inoculation of cotyledon with either an avirulent or virulent Lm isolate, however, failed to induce SAR on remote tissues of same plant despite elevated SA and PR1 protein. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism of Rlm1-mediated resistance to blackleg.
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Li S, Hai J, Wang Z, Deng J, Liang T, Su L, Liu D. Lilium regale Wilson WRKY2 Regulates Chitinase Gene Expression During the Response to the Root Rot Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:741463. [PMID: 34646290 PMCID: PMC8503523 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.741463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Root rot, mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is the most destructive disease affecting lily (Lilium spp.) production. The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) have important roles during plant immune responses. To clarify the effects of WRKY TFs on plant defense responses to pathogens, a WRKY gene (LrWRKY2) was isolated from Lilium regale Wilson, which is a wild lily species highly resistant to F. oxysporum. The expression of LrWRKY2, which encodes a nuclear protein, is induced by various hormones (methyl jasmonate, ethephon, salicylic acid, and hydrogen peroxide) and by F. oxysporum infection. In this study, LrWRKY2-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants were more resistant to F. oxysporum than the wild-type plants. Moreover, the expression levels of jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathway-related genes (NtAOC, NtAOS, NtKAT, NtPACX, NtJMT, NtOPR, and NtLOX), pathogenesis-related genes (NtCHI, NtGlu2, and NtPR-1), and antioxidant stress-related superoxide dismutase genes (NtSOD, NtCu-ZnSOD, and MnSOD) were significantly up-regulated in LrWRKY2 transgenic tobacco lines. Additionally, the transient expression of a hairpin RNA targeting LrWRKY2 increased the susceptibility of L. regale scales to F. oxysporum. Furthermore, an F. oxysporum resistance gene (LrCHI2) encoding a chitinase was isolated from L. regale. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that LrWRKY2 can bind to the LrCHI2 promoter containing the W-box element. Yeast one-hybrid assay results suggested that LrWRKY2 can activate LrCHI2 transcription. An examination of transgenic tobacco transformed with LrWRKY2 and the LrCHI2 promoter revealed that LrWRKY2 activates the LrCHI2 promoter. Therefore, in L. regale, LrWRKY2 is an important positive regulator that contributes to plant defense responses to F. oxysporum by modulating LrCHI2 expression.
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Li C, Chen X, Yang L, Zhang J, Wang J, Li L, Reynolds MP, Jing R, Mao X, Wang C. Transcription Factor TaWRKY51 Is a Positive Regulator in Root Architecture and Grain Yield Contributing Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734614. [PMID: 34745169 PMCID: PMC8567066 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the staple food crops. The utilization of elite genetic resources to develop resource-efficient wheat varieties is an effective approach to deal with the challenges of climate change and population growth. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are multifaceted regulators of plant growth and development and response to environmental stress. The previous studies have shown that TaWRKY51 positively regulates the development of lateral roots, while its roles in agronomic trait development are not clear, and there is no functional marker for molecular breeding. To bridge the gap, we cloned the three members of TaWRKY51 and found they were highly expressed in the roots and flag leaves at the flowering stage and were induced by the multiple abiotic stresses and phytohormones. The highest expression level was observed in TaWRKY51-2D, followed by TaWRKY51-2A and -2B. The two haplotypes/alleles for each member were identified in the natural populations, and functional markers were developed accordingly. The association assays revealed that Hap-2A-I was an elite haplotype for the large spike, Hap-2B-II and allele-G were favorable haplotypes/alleles for long root. However, only Hap-2A-I was selected for wheat breeding in China. The results of transgenic experiments showed that the rice lines overexpressing TaWRKY51 had large panicle, high thousand-grain-weight, and more crown and lateral roots, which further confirmed the results of association analysis. In short, TaWRKY51 is a positive regulator of the root architecture and grain yield (GY) contributing traits. The elite gene resources and functional markers may be utilized in the marker-assisted selection for high-yield breeding in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ruilian Jing
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinguo Mao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinguo Mao
| | - Chenyang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Chenyang Wang
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Rice transcription factor WRKY114 directly regulates the expression of OsPR1a and Chitinase to enhance resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1262-1268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zuluaga AP, Bidzinski P, Chanclud E, Ducasse A, Cayrol B, Gomez Selvaraj M, Ishitani M, Jauneau A, Deslandes L, Kroj T, Michel C, Szurek B, Koebnik R, Morel JB. The Rice DNA-Binding Protein ZBED Controls Stress Regulators and Maintains Disease Resistance After a Mild Drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1265. [PMID: 33013945 PMCID: PMC7461821 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying new sources of disease resistance and the corresponding underlying resistance mechanisms remains very challenging, particularly in Monocots. Moreover, the modification of most disease resistance pathways made so far is detrimental to tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought. This is largely due to negative cross-talks between disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance signaling pathways. We have previously described the role of the rice ZBED protein containing three Zn-finger BED domains in disease resistance against the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. The molecular and biological functions of such BED domains in plant proteins remain elusive. RESULTS Using Nicotiana benthamiana as a heterologous system, we show that ZBED localizes in the nucleus, binds DNA, and triggers basal immunity. These activities require conserved cysteine residues of the Zn-finger BED domains that are involved in DNA binding. Interestingly, ZBED overexpressor rice lines show increased drought tolerance. More importantly, the disease resistance response conferred by ZBED is not compromised by drought-induced stress. CONCLUSIONS Together our data indicate that ZBED might represent a new type of transcriptional regulator playing simultaneously a positive role in both disease resistance and drought tolerance. We demonstrate that it is possible to provide disease resistance and drought resistance simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Paola Zuluaga
- BGPI, INRA, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Emilie Chanclud
- BGPI, INRA, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurelie Ducasse
- BGPI, INRA, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bastien Cayrol
- BGPI, INRA, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Alain Jauneau
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Plateforme Imagerie TRI-Genotoul, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Thomas Kroj
- BGPI, INRA, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Michel
- BGPI, INRA, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Boris Szurek
- UMR Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-Environnement (IPME), IRD-Cirad-Université Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Ralf Koebnik
- UMR Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-Environnement (IPME), IRD-Cirad-Université Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
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