1
|
Halder T, Ghosh B. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: Enhanced production of withanolides and phenolic acids from hairy root culture after application of elicitors. J Biotechnol 2024; 388:59-71. [PMID: 38636845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is an important indigenous medicinal plant with extensive pharmaceutical potential. The root is the main source of major bioactive compounds of this plant species including withanolides, withanine, phenolic acids, etc. Hairy root culture (HRC) is a crucial method for low-cost production of active compounds on a large scale. Four different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains have been used for the hairy root induction. Maximum transformation efficiency (87.34 ± 2.13%) was achieved with A4 bacterial strain-mediated transformed culture. The genetic transformation was confirmed by using specific primers of seven different genes. Seven HR (Hairy root) lines were selected after screening 29 HR lines based on their fast growth rate and high accumulation of withanolides and phenolic acids content. Two biotic and three abiotic elicitors were applied to the elite root line to trigger more accumulation of withanolides and phenolic acids. While all the elicitors effectively increased withanolides and phenolic acids production, among the five different elicitors, salicylic acid (4.14 mg l-1) induced 11.49 -fold increase in withanolides (89.07 ± 2.75 mg g-1 DW) and 5.34- fold increase in phenolic acids (83.69 ± 3.11 mg g- 1 DW) after 5 days of elicitation compared to the non-elicited culture (7.75 ± 0.63 mg g-1 DW of withanolides and 15.66 ± 0.92 mg g-1 DW of phenolic acids). These results suggest that elicitors can tremendously increase the biosynthesis of active compounds in this system; thus, the HRC of W. somnifera is cost-effective and can be efficiently used for the industrial production of withanolides and phenolic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Halder
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata 700118, India.
| | - Biswajit Ghosh
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata 700118, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tsalgatidou PC, Boutsika A, Papageorgiou AG, Dalianis A, Michaliou M, Chatzidimopoulos M, Delis C, Tsitsigiannis DI, Paplomatas E, Zambounis A. Global Transcriptome Analysis of the Peach ( Prunus persica) in the Interaction System of Fruit-Chitosan- Monilinia fructicola. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:567. [PMID: 38475414 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The peach (Prunus persica L.) is one of the most important stone-fruit crops worldwide. Nevertheless, successful peach fruit production is seriously reduced by losses due to Monilinia fructicola the causal agent of brown rot. Chitosan has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial properties and may also act as an elicitor that activate defense responses in plants. As little is known about the elicitation potential of chitosan in peach fruits and its impact at their transcriptional-level profiles, the aim of this study was to uncover using RNA-seq the induced responses regulated by the action of chitosan in fruit-chitosan-M. fructicola interaction. Samples were obtained from fruits treated with chitosan or inoculated with M. fructicola, as well from fruits pre-treated with chitosan and thereafter inoculated with the fungus. Chitosan was found to delay the postharvest decay of fruits, and expression profiles showed that its defense-priming effects were mainly evident after the pathogen challenge, driven particularly by modulations of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to cell-wall modifications, pathogen perception, and signal transduction, preventing the spread of fungus. In contrast, as the compatible interaction of fruits with M. fructicola was challenged, a shift towards defense responses was triggered with a delay, which was insufficient to limit fungal expansion, whereas DEGs involved in particular processes have facilitated early pathogen colonization. Physiological indicators of peach fruits were also measured. Additionally, expression profiles of particular M. fructicola genes highlight the direct antimicrobial activity of chitosan against the fungus. Overall, the results clarify the possible mechanisms of chitosan-mediated tolerance to M. fructicola and set new foundations for the potential employment of chitosan in the control of brown rot in peaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polina C Tsalgatidou
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Anastasia Boutsika
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia G Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Dalianis
- Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, ELGO-DEMETER, 71307 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Michaliou
- Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, ELGO-DEMETER, 71307 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Costas Delis
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I Tsitsigiannis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Epaminondas Paplomatas
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Zambounis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prusky D, Romanazzi G. Induced Resistance in Fruit and Vegetables: A Host Physiological Response Limiting Postharvest Disease Development. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 61:279-300. [PMID: 37201920 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021722-035135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Harvested fruit and vegetables are perishable, subject to desiccation, show increased respiration during ripening, and are colonized by postharvest fungal pathogens. Induced resistance is a strategy to control diseases by eliciting biochemical processes in fruits and vegetables. This is accomplished by modulating the progress of ripening and senescence, which maintains the produce in a state of heightened resistance to decay-causing fungi. Utilization of induced resistance to protect produce has been improved by scientific tools that better characterize physiological changes in plants. Induced resistance slows the decline of innate immunity after harvest and increases the production of defensive responses that directly inhibit plant pathogens. This increase in defense response in fruits and vegetables contributes to higher amounts of phenols and antioxidant compounds, improving both the quality and appearance of the produce. This review summarizes mechanisms and treatments that induce resistance in harvested fruits and vegetables to suppress fungal colonization. Moreover, it highlights the importance of host maturity and stage of ripening as limiting conditions for the improved expression of induced-resistance processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dov Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel;
| | - Gianfranco Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiong W, Berke L, Michelmore R, van Workum DJM, Becker FFM, Schijlen E, Bakker LV, Peters S, van Treuren R, Jeuken M, Bouwmeester K, Schranz ME. The genome of Lactuca saligna, a wild relative of lettuce, provides insight into non-host resistance to the downy mildew Bremia lactucae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:108-126. [PMID: 36987839 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lactuca saligna L. is a wild relative of cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), with which it is partially interfertile. Hybrid progeny suffer from hybrid incompatibility (HI), resulting in reduced fertility and distorted transmission ratios. Lactuca saligna displays broad-spectrum resistance against lettuce downy mildew caused by Bremia lactucae Regel and is considered a non-host species. This phenomenon of resistance in L. saligna is called non-host resistance (NHR). One possible mechanism behind this NHR is through the plant-pathogen interaction triggered by pathogen recognition receptors, including nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins and receptor-like kinases (RLKs). We report a chromosome-level genome assembly of L. saligna (accession CGN05327), leading to the identification of two large paracentric inversions (>50 Mb) between L. saligna and L. sativa. Genome-wide searches delineated the major resistance clusters as regions enriched in NLRs and RLKs. Three of the enriched regions co-locate with previously identified NHR intervals. RNA-seq analysis of Bremia-infected lettuce identified several differentially expressed RLKs in NHR regions. Three tandem wall-associated kinase-encoding genes (WAKs) in the NHR8 interval display particularly high expression changes at an early stage of infection. We propose RLKs as strong candidates for determinants of the NHR phenotype of L. saligna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lidija Berke
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Michelmore
- Genome Center and Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Frank F M Becker
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elio Schijlen
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda V Bakker
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Peters
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van Treuren
- Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN), Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Jeuken
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Bouwmeester
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sheikhalipour M, Mohammadi SA, Esmaielpour B, Spanos A, Mahmoudi R, Mahdavinia GR, Milani MH, Kahnamoei A, Nouraein M, Antoniou C, Kulak M, Gohari G, Fotopoulos V. Seedling nanopriming with selenium-chitosan nanoparticles mitigates the adverse effects of salt stress by inducing multiple defence pathways in bitter melon plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124923. [PMID: 37211072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the nanotechnology fields provided crucial applications in plant sciences, contributing to the plant performance and health under stress and stress-free conditions. Amid the applications, selenium (Se), chitosan and their conjugated forms as nanoparticles (Se-CS NPs) have been revealed to have potential of alleviating the harmful effects of the stress on several crops and subsequently enhancing the growth and productivity. The present study was addressed to assay the potential effects of Se-CS NPs in reversing or buffering the harmful effects of salt stress on growth, photosynthesis, nutrient concentration, antioxidant system and defence transcript levels in bitter melon )Momordica charantia(. In addition, some secondary metabolite-related genes were explicitly examined. In this regard, the transcriptional levels of WRKY1, SOS1, PM H+-ATPase, SKOR, Mc5PTase7, SOAR1, MAP30, α-MMC, polypeptide-P and PAL were quantified. Our results demonstrated that Se-CS NPs increased growth parameters, photosynthesis parameters (SPAD, Fv/Fm, Y(II)), antioxidant enzymatic activity (POD, SOD, CAT) and nutrient homeostasis (Na+/K+, Ca2+, and Cl-) and induced the expression of genes in bitter melon plants under salt stress (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, applying Se-CS NPs might be a simple and effective way of improving crop plants' overall health and yield under salt stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sheikhalipour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Mohagheh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Center for Cell Pathology, Department of Life Sciences, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Behrooz Esmaielpour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Mohagheh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alexandros Spanos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Roghayeh Mahmoudi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Mahdavinia
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Amir Kahnamoei
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Nouraein
- Department of Plant Genetics and Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Chrystalla Antoniou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Muhittin Kulak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, Türkiye
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Cyprus; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Cyprus.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suwanchaikasem P, Idnurm A, Selby-Pham J, Walker R, Boughton BA. Root-TRAPR: a modular plant growth device to visualize root development and monitor growth parameters, as applied to an elicitor response of Cannabis sativa. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:46. [PMID: 35397608 PMCID: PMC8994333 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant growth devices, for example, rhizoponics, rhizoboxes, and ecosystem fabrication (EcoFAB), have been developed to facilitate studies of plant root morphology and plant-microbe interactions in controlled laboratory settings. However, several of these designs are suitable only for studying small model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Brachypodium distachyon and therefore require modification to be extended to larger plant species like crop plants. In addition, specific tools and technical skills needed for fabricating these devices may not be available to researchers. Hence, this study aimed to establish an alternative protocol to generate a larger, modular and reusable plant growth device based on different available resources. RESULTS Root-TRAPR (Root-Transparent, Reusable, Affordable three-dimensional Printed Rhizo-hydroponic) system was successfully developed. It consists of two main parts, an internal root growth chamber and an external structural frame. The internal root growth chamber comprises a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) gasket, microscope slide and acrylic sheet, while the external frame is printed from a three-dimensional (3D) printer and secured with nylon screws. To test the efficiency and applicability of the system, industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) was grown with or without exposure to chitosan, a well-known plant elicitor used for stimulating plant defense. Plant root morphology was detected in the system, and plant tissues were easily collected and processed to examine plant biological responses. Upon chitosan treatment, chitinase and peroxidase activities increased in root tissues (1.7- and 2.3-fold, respectively) and exudates (7.2- and 21.6-fold, respectively). In addition, root to shoot ratio of phytohormone contents were increased in response to chitosan. Within 2 weeks of observation, hemp plants exhibited dwarf growth in the Root-TRAPR system, easing plant handling and allowing increased replication under limited growing space. CONCLUSION The Root-TRAPR system facilitates the exploration of root morphology and root exudate of C. sativa under controlled conditions and at a smaller scale. The device is easy to fabricate and applicable for investigating plant responses toward elicitor challenge. In addition, this fabrication protocol is adaptable to study other plants and can be applied to investigate plant physiology in different biological contexts, such as plant responses against biotic and abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Idnurm
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jamie Selby-Pham
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Nutrifield Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, 3020, Australia
| | - Robert Walker
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Berin A Boughton
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ackah S, Xue S, Osei R, Kweku-Amagloh F, Zong Y, Prusky D, Bi Y. Chitosan Treatment Promotes Wound Healing of Apple by Eliciting Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Enzymatic Browning of Wounds. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:828914. [PMID: 35308351 PMCID: PMC8924504 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.828914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is an elicitor that induces resistance in fruits against postharvest diseases, but there is little knowledge about the wound healing ability of chitosan on apple fruits. Our study aimed at revealing the effect of chitosan on the phenylpropanoid pathway by determining some enzyme activities, products metabolites, polyphenol oxidase activity, color (L*, b*, a*), weight loss, and disease index during healing. Apple (cv. Fuji) fruits wounded artificially were treated with 2.5% chitosan and healed at 21–25°C, relative humidity = 81–85% for 7 days, and non-wounded fruits (coated and non-coated) were used as control. The result shows that chitosan treatment significantly decreased weight loss of wounded fruits and disease index of Penicillium expansum inoculated fruits. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumaryl coenzyme A ligase (4CL), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) were elicited throughout the healing period by chitosan, which increased the biosynthesis of cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol. Also, total phenol, flavonoid, and lignin contents were significantly increased at the fruits wounds. In addition, chitosan’s ability to enhance polyphenol oxidase activity stimulated enzymatic browning of wounds. Although wounding increased phenylpropanoid enzymes activities before healing, chitosan caused higher enzyme activities for a significant healing effect compared with the control. These findings imply that chitosan accelerates apple wound healing by activating the phenylpropanoid pathway and stimulating enzymatic browning of wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Ackah
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sulin Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Richard Osei
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Francis Kweku-Amagloh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Yuanyuan Zong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Landi L, Peralta-Ruiz Y, Chaves-López C, Romanazzi G. Chitosan Coating Enriched With Ruta graveolens L. Essential Oil Reduces Postharvest Anthracnose of Papaya ( Carica papaya L.) and Modulates Defense-Related Gene Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:765806. [PMID: 34858463 PMCID: PMC8632526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.765806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose of papaya (Carica papaya L.) caused by the fungus Colletotrichum spp. is one of the most economically important postharvest diseases. Coating with chitosan (CS) and Ruta graveolens essential oil (REO) might represent a novel eco-friendly method to prevent postharvest anthracnose infection. These compounds show both antimicrobial and eliciting activities, although the molecular mechanisms in papaya have not been investigated to date. In this study, the effectiveness of CS and REO alone and combined (CS-REO) on postharvest anthracnose of papaya fruit during storage were investigated, along with the expression of selected genes involved in plant defense mechanisms. Anthracnose incidence was reduced with CS, REO, and CS-REO emulsions after 9 days storage at 25°C, by 8, 21, and 37%, respectively, with disease severity reduced by 22, 29, and 44%, respectively. Thus, McKinney's decay index was reduced by 22, 30, and 44%, respectively. A protocol based on reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was validated for 17 papaya target genes linked to signaling pathways that regulate plant defense, pathogenesis-related protein, cell wall-degrading enzymes, oxidative stress, abiotic stress, and the phenylpropanoid pathway. CS induced gene upregulation mainly at 6 h posttreatment (hpt) and 48 hpt, while REO induced the highest upregulation at 0.5 hpt, which then decreased over time. Furthermore, CS-REO treatment delayed gene upregulation by REO alone, from 0.5 to 6 hpt, and kept that longer over time. This study suggests that CS stabilizes the volatile and/or hydrophobic substances of highly reactive essential oils. The additive effects of CS and REO were able to reduce postharvest decay and affect gene expression in papaya fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Landi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Yeimmy Peralta-Ruiz
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Programa de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia, Colombia
| | - Clemencia Chaves-López
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li S, Geng X, Chen S, Liu K, Yu S, Wang X, Zhang C, Zhang J, Wen Y, Luo Q, Xu Y, Wang Y. The co-expression of genes involved in seed coat and endosperm development promotes seed abortion in grapevine. PLANTA 2021; 254:87. [PMID: 34585280 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The seed coat gene VviAGL11 coordinates with endosperm development genes FIS2, PHERESE1 and IKU2 and functions as the key regulator in seed development and abortion processes in grapevine. Seed development is essential for the reproduction of flowering plants. Seed abortion is a specific characteristic that produces seedless berries and is often observed in cultivated grapevines. Although seedlessness is an important trait for table and dried grapevine production, the mechanism of seed abortion remains poorly understood. This research aimed to analyze the co-expression of the seed coat development gene VviAGL11 and the endosperm development genes FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT SEED2 (FIS2), PHERESE1 and HAIKU2 (IKU2) that regulate seedless fruit development in grapevine. The transcript levels of VviAGL11, FIS2, PHERESE1 and IKU2 all decreased during seed abortion in the seedless grape 'Thompson Seedless' plants, compared to those of the seeded grape 'Pinot Noir'. The transcript levels of the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense response genes EDS1, NPR1, NDR1 and SID2 were higher in 'Thompson Seedless' than 'Pinot Noir' during seed development. Also, WRKY3, WRKY6 and WRKY52, which participate in the SA pathway, were higher expressed in 'Thompson Seedless' than in 'Pinot Noir', indicating that SA-dependent defense responses may regulate seed abortion. The genes related to synthesis and metabolism of gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) also showed differential expression between 'Thompson Seedless' and 'Pinot Noir'. Exogenous applications of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to inflorescences of three stenospermocarpy grapevines before flowering showed that GA3 was critical prominently in seed development. Therefore, the co-expression of seed coat and endosperm development-related genes, SA pathway genes, and genes for the synthesis and metabolism of GA3 together enhance seed abortion in seedless grapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Geng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Saisai Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqiang Wen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangwei Luo
- Research Institute of Xinjiang Grape, Melon and Fruit, Shanshan, 838200, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rajestary R, Landi L, Romanazzi G. Chitosan and postharvest decay of fresh fruit: Meta‐analysis of disease control and antimicrobial and eliciting activities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:563-582. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Rajestary
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Marche Polytechnic University Via Brecce Bianche 10 Ancona Italy
| | - Lucia Landi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Marche Polytechnic University Via Brecce Bianche 10 Ancona Italy
| | - Gianfranco Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Marche Polytechnic University Via Brecce Bianche 10 Ancona Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muthusamy M, Kim JY, Yoon EK, Kim JA, Lee SI. BrEXLB1, a Brassica rapa Expansin-Like B1 Gene is Associated with Root Development, Drought Stress Response, and Seed Germination. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040404. [PMID: 32276441 PMCID: PMC7230339 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansins are structural proteins prevalent in cell walls, participate in cell growth and stress responses by interacting with internal and external signals perceived by the genetic networks of plants. Herein, we investigated the Brassica rapa expansin-like B1 (BrEXLB1) interaction with phytohormones (IAA, ABA, Ethephon, CK, GA3, SA, and JA), genes (Bra001852, Bra001958, and Bra003006), biotic (Turnip mosaic Virus (TuMV), Pectobacterium carotovorum, clubroot disease), and abiotic stress (salt, oxidative, osmotic, and drought) conditions by either cDNA microarray or qRT-PCR assays. In addition, we also unraveled the potential role of BrEXLB1 in root growth, drought stress response, and seed germination in transgenic Arabidopsis and B. rapa lines. The qRT-PCR results displayed that BrEXLB1 expression was differentially influenced by hormones, and biotic and abiotic stress conditions; upregulated by IAA, ABA, SA, ethylene, drought, salt, osmotic, and oxidative conditions; and downregulated by clubroot disease, P. carotovorum, and TuMV infections. Among the tissues, prominent expression was observed in roots indicating the possible role in root growth. The root phenotyping followed by confocal imaging of root tips in Arabidopsis lines showed that BrEXLB1 overexpression increases the size of the root elongation zone and induce primary root growth. Conversely, it reduced the seed germination rate. Further analyses with transgenic B. rapa lines overexpressing BrEXLB1 sense (OX) and antisense transcripts (OX-AS) confirmed that BrEXLB1 overexpression is positively associated with drought tolerance and photosynthesis during vegetative growth phases of B. rapa plants. Moreover, the altered expression of BrEXLB1 in transgenic lines differentially influenced the expression of predicted BrEXLB1 interacting genes like Bra001852 and Bra003006. Collectively, this study revealed that BrEXLB1 is associated with root development, drought tolerance, photosynthesis, and seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Muthusamy
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.Y.K.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Joo Yeol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.Y.K.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Eun Kyung Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore;
| | - Jin A. Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.Y.K.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.Y.K.); (J.A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-4618; Fax: +82-63-238-4604
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Colman SL, Salcedo MF, Mansilla AY, Iglesias MJ, Fiol DF, Martín-Saldaña S, Alvarez VA, Chevalier AA, Casalongué CA. Chitosan microparticles improve tomato seedling biomass and modulate hormonal, redox and defense pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 143:203-211. [PMID: 31518851 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agrobiotechnology challenges involve the generation of new sustainable bioactives with emerging properties as plant biostimulants with reduced environment impact. We analyzed the potential use of recently developed chitosan microparticles (CS-MP) as growth promoters of tomato which constitutes one of the most consumed vegetable crops worldwide. Treatments of tomato seeds with CS-MP improved germination and vigor index. In addition, CS-MP sustained application triggered an improvement in root and shoot biomass reinforcing tomato performance before transplanting. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzyme activities and defense protein markers were modulated by CS-MP treatment in tomato plantlets. Analyses of ARR5:GUS and DR5:GUS transgenic reporter tomato lines highlighted the participation of cytokinin and auxin signaling pathways during tomato root promotion mediated by CS-MP. Our findings claim a high commercial potential of CS-MP to be incorporated as a sustainable input for tomato production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Lorena Colman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, UE-CONICET-UNMdP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Salcedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, UE-CONICET-UNMdP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Yamila Mansilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, UE-CONICET-UNMdP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María José Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, UE-CONICET-UNMdP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernando Fiol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, UE-CONICET-UNMdP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Vera Alejandra Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencia & Tecnología de Materiales INTEMA, UE-CONICET-UNMdP, Grupo Materiales Compuestos Termoplásticos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Claudia Anahí Casalongué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, UE-CONICET-UNMdP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Iglesias MJ, Colman SL, Terrile MC, París R, Martín-Saldaña S, Chevalier AA, Álvarez VA, Casalongué CA. Enhanced Properties of Chitosan Microparticles over Bulk Chitosan on the Modulation of the Auxin Signaling Pathway with Beneficial Impacts on Root Architecture in Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6911-6920. [PMID: 31194542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Improving the root system architecture (RSA) under adverse environmental conditions by using biostimulants is emerging as a new way to boost crop productivity. Recently, we have reported the characterization of novel chitosan-based microparticles (CS-MPs) with promising biological properties as rooting agents in lettuce. In this work, we demonstrated that in contrast to bulk chitosan (CS), which exerts root growth inhibition, CS-MPs promoted root growth and development from 1 to 10 μg mL-1 without cytotoxicity effects at higher doses in Arabidopsis and lettuce seedlings. In addition, we studied the mechanistic mode of action of CS-MPs in the development of early RSA in the Arabidopsis model. CS-MPs unchained accurate and sustained spatio-temporal activation of the nuclear auxin signaling pathway. Our findings validated a promising scenario for the application of CS-MPs in the modulation of RSA to respond to changing soil environments and improve crop performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María José Iglesias
- UNMdP, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, UE-CONICET-UNMdP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata , Funes 3250 , B7600 Mar del Plata , Argentina
| | - Silvana Lorena Colman
- UNMdP, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, UE-CONICET-UNMdP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata , Funes 3250 , B7600 Mar del Plata , Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Terrile
- UNMdP, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, UE-CONICET-UNMdP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata , Funes 3250 , B7600 Mar del Plata , Argentina
| | - Ramiro París
- UNMdP, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, UE-CONICET-UNMdP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata , Funes 3250 , B7600 Mar del Plata , Argentina
| | - Sergio Martín-Saldaña
- Gihon Laboratorios Químicos SRL , Calle 4 y 5 Parque Industrial General Salvio , B7600 Mar del Plata , Argentina
| | - Alberto Antonio Chevalier
- Gihon Laboratorios Químicos SRL , Calle 4 y 5 Parque Industrial General Salvio , B7600 Mar del Plata , Argentina
| | - Vera Alejandra Álvarez
- UNMdP, CONICET, Instituto Investigación de Ciencia & Tecnología de Materiales INTEMA, UE-CONICET-UNMDP, Grupo Materiales Compuestos Termoplásticos, Facultad de Ingeniería , Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata , Avenida Colón 10850 , B7600 Mar del Plata , Argentina
| | - Claudia Anahí Casalongué
- UNMdP, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, UE-CONICET-UNMdP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata , Funes 3250 , B7600 Mar del Plata , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tunsagool P, Jutidamrongphan W, Phaonakrop N, Jaresitthikunchai J, Roytrakul S, Leelasuphakul W. Insights into stress responses in mandarins triggered by Bacillus subtilis cyclic lipopeptides and exogenous plant hormones upon Penicillium digitatum infection. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:559-575. [PMID: 30715581 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis CLP extract activates defense gene expression and increases the unique protein production involving in pathways of ISR, SAR, ubiquitin-proteasome system, and glycolysis for stress responses in flavedo tissues. Cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) of Bacillus subtilis ABS-S14 had ability to activate plant defensive pathways, increase resistance and control green mold rot caused by Penicillium digitatum in mandarin fruit. The current study investigated transcriptional and proteomic data to highlight the unique induction effect of CLPs produced by B. subtilis ABS-S14 on the defense mechanism of mandarins in response to P. digitatum attack, and their differences from those following the exogenous plant hormone application. The proteomic patterns of the flavedo tissues as affected by Bacillus CLP extract, salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and ethephon (Et) were explored. qPCR analysis revealed the great effects of CLP extract in enhancing the transcription of PAL, ACS1, GLU, POD, and PR1. Tryptic peptides by LC-MS analysis between treatments with and without fungal infection were compared. B. subtilis CLP extract empowered the plant's immune response to wound stress by the significant production of calmodulin-binding receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase 2, molybdenum cofactor sulfurase, and NAD+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Ubiquitin carrier protein abundance was developed only in the treated flavedo with CLP extract coupled with P. digitatum infection. The gene expression and overall proteome findings involving pathways of ubiquitin proteasome system, ISR, SAR, and energy production provide a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of the antagonist B. subtilis ABS-S14 inducing resistance against green mold in mandarins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paiboon Tunsagool
- Department of Biochemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | | | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park (TSP), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park (TSP), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park (TSP), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gonçalves LP, Boscariol Camargo RL, Takita MA, Machado MA, Dos Soares Filho WS, Costa MGC. Rootstock-induced molecular responses associated with drought tolerance in sweet orange as revealed by RNA-Seq. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:110. [PMID: 30727949 PMCID: PMC6364419 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Citrus plants are commercially propagated by grafting, with the rootstock variety influencing a number of horticultural traits, including drought tolerance. Among the different rootstock varieties available for citrus propagation, ‘Rangpur’ lime is known to confer enhanced tolerance to drought as compared to other citrus rootstocks. The objective of this study was to investigate the poorly understood molecular responses underlying the rootstock-induced drought tolerance in sweet orange. Results RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis was carried out in leaves of sweet orange grafted on ‘Rangpur’ lime subjected to control and drought-stress treatments, under greenhouse conditions, using the Illumina HiSeq platform. A total of 41,827 unique transcripts were identified, among which 1764 transcripts showed significant variation (P ≤ 0.001) between the treatments, with 1081 genes induced and 683 repressed by drought-stress treatment. The transcripts were distributed in 44 different categories of cellular component, molecular function and biological process. Several genes related to cell metabolism, including those involved in the metabolisms of cell wall, carbohydrates and antioxidants, light reactions, biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as genes coding for transcription factors (TFs), protein kinases (PKs) and proteins involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene signaling pathways, were differentially regulated by drought stress. RNA-Seq data were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis and comparative analysis of expression of the selected genes between sweet orange grafted on drought-tolerant and -sensitive rootstocks revealed new candidate genes for drought tolerance in citrus. Conclusions In conclusion, our results showed that only a relatively small but functionally diverse fraction of the sweet orange transcriptome, with functions in metabolism, cellular responses and regulation, was differentially regulated by drought stress. The data suggest that the rootstock-induced drought tolerance in sweet orange includes the transcriptional activation of genes related to the cell wall, soluble carbohydrate and antioxidant metabolisms, biotic and abiotic stress responses, TFs, PKs and ABA signaling pathway, and the downregulation of genes involved in the starch metabolism, light reactions and ethylene signaling. Future efforts to elucidate their functional roles and explore their potential in the citrus genetic improvement should benefit from this data. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5481-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana P Gonçalves
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Takita
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Machado
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio G C Costa
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Decros G, Baldet P, Beauvoit B, Stevens R, Flandin A, Colombié S, Gibon Y, Pétriacq P. Get the Balance Right: ROS Homeostasis and Redox Signalling in Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1091. [PMID: 31620143 PMCID: PMC6760520 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant central metabolism generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are key regulators that mediate signalling pathways involved in developmental processes and plant responses to environmental fluctuations. These highly reactive metabolites can lead to cellular damage when the reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis becomes unbalanced. Whilst decades of research have studied redox homeostasis in leaves, fundamental knowledge in fruit biology is still fragmentary. This is even more surprising when considering the natural profusion of fruit antioxidants that can process ROS and benefit human health. In this review, we explore redox biology in fruit and provide an overview of fruit antioxidants with recent examples. We further examine the central role of the redox hub in signalling during development and stress, with particular emphasis on ascorbate, also referred to as vitamin C. Progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the redox regulations that are linked to central metabolism and stress pathways will help to define novel strategies for optimising fruit nutritional quality, fruit production and storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Decros
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- *Correspondence: Guillaume Decros, ; Pierre Pétriacq,
| | - Pierre Baldet
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | | | - Amélie Flandin
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- MetaboHUB-Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Phenome-Emphasis, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sophie Colombié
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- MetaboHUB-Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Phenome-Emphasis, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- MetaboHUB-Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Phenome-Emphasis, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- *Correspondence: Guillaume Decros, ; Pierre Pétriacq,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Activation of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway reveals a novel action mechanism of the elicitor effect of chitosan on avocado fruit epicarp. Food Res Int 2018; 121:586-592. [PMID: 31108785 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites play an important role in the avocado fruit defense system. Phenolic compounds are the main biosynthesized metabolites of this system response. Our objective in this investigation was to evaluate the induction of specific metabolic pathways using chitosan as an elicitor. Extracts obtained from avocado in intermediate and consumption maturity stages treated with chitosan exhibited an increase in antifungal activity, which caused inhibition of mycelial growth and a decrease in sporulation as well as spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Additionally, RNA from epicarp of the fruits treated and untreated with chitosan was obtained in order to evaluate the expression of genes related to phenylpropanoids and the antifungal compound 1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-heneicosa-12,15-diene biosynthesis. An increased in gene expression of genes that participates in the phenylpropanoids route was observed during the stage of physiological fruit maturity, others genes such as Flavonol synthase (Fls), increased only in samples obtained from fruit treated with chitosan at consumption maturity. Our results reveal a new molecular mechanism where chitosan induces a specific accumulation of phenylpropanoids and antifungal diene; this partially explains avocado's resistance against fungal pathogens. Finally, we discuss the molecular connections between chitosan induction and gene expression to explain the biological events that orchestrate the resistance pathways in fruits.
Collapse
|
18
|
Romanazzi G, Feliziani E, Sivakumar D. Chitosan, a Biopolymer With Triple Action on Postharvest Decay of Fruit and Vegetables: Eliciting, Antimicrobial and Film-Forming Properties. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2745. [PMID: 30564200 PMCID: PMC6288236 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural biopolymer from crab shells that is known for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. In human medicine, chitosan is used as a stabilizer for active ingredients in tablets, and is popular in slimming diets. Due to its low toxicity, it was the first basic substance approved by the European Union for plant protection (Reg. EU 2014/563), for both organic agriculture and integrated pest management. When applied to plants, chitosan shows triple activity: (i) elicitation of host defenses; (ii) antimicrobial activity; and (iii) film formation on the treated surface. The eliciting activity of chitosan has been studied since the 1990's, which started with monitoring of enzyme activities linked to defense mechanisms (e.g., chitinase, β-1,3 glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) in different fruit (e.g., strawberry, other berries, citrus fruit, table grapes). This continued with investigations with qRT-PCR (Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction), and more recently, with RNA-Seq. The antimicrobial activity of chitosan against a wide range of plant pathogens has been confirmed through many in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Once applied to a plant surface (e.g., dipping, spraying), chitosan forms an edible coating, the properties of which (e.g., thickness, viscosity, gas and water permeability) depend on the acid in which it is dissolved. Based on data in literature, we propose that overall, the eliciting represents 30 to 40% of the chitosan activity, its antimicrobial activity 35 to 45%, and its film-forming activity 20 to 30%, in terms of its effectiveness in the control of postharvest decay of fresh fruit. As well as being used alone, chitosan can be applied together with many other alternatives to synthetic fungicides, to boost its eliciting, antimicrobial and film-forming properties, with additive, and at times synergistic, interactions. Several commercial chitosan formulations are available as biopesticides, with their effectiveness due to the integrated combination of these three mechanisms of action of chitosan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Erica Feliziani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Department of Crop Sciences, Postharvest Technology Group, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pusztahelyi T. Chitin and chitin-related compounds in plant-fungal interactions. Mycology 2018; 9:189-201. [PMID: 30181925 PMCID: PMC6115883 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2018.1473299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is the second abundant polysaccharide in the world after cellulose. It is a vital structural component of the fungal cell wall but not for plants. In plants, fungi are recognised through the perception of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to induce MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). Chitin polymers and their modified form, chitosan, induce host defence responses in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The plants' response to chitin, chitosan, and derived oligosaccharides depends on the acetylation degree of these compounds which indicates possible biocontrol regulation of plant immune system. There has also been a considerable amount of recent research aimed at elucidating the roles of chitin hydrolases in fungi and plants as chitinase production in plants is not considered solely as an antifungal resistance mechanism. We discuss the importance of chitin forms and chitinases in the plant-fungal interactions and their role in persistent and possible biocontrol. Abbreviations ET, ethylene; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; GEF, GDP/GTP exchange factor; JA, jasmonic acid; LysM, lysin motif; MAMP, microbe-associated molecular pattern; MTI, MAMP-triggered immunity; NBS, nucleotide-binding site; NBS-LRR, nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeats; PM, powdery mildew; PR, pathogenesis-related; RBOH, respiratory burst oxidase homolog; RLK, receptor-like kinase; RLP, receptor-like protein; SA, salicylic acid; TF, transcription factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sharif R, Mujtaba M, Ur Rahman M, Shalmani A, Ahmad H, Anwar T, Tianchan D, Wang X. The Multifunctional Role of Chitosan in Horticultural Crops; A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:E872. [PMID: 29642651 PMCID: PMC6017927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally occurring compound and is commercially produced from seafood shells. It has been utilized in the induction of the defense system in both pre and post-harvest fruits and vegetables against fungi, bacteria, viruses, and other abiotic stresses. In addition to that, chitosan effectively improves the physiological properties of plants and also enhances the shelf life of post-harvest produces. Moreover, chitosan treatment regulates several genes in plants, particularly the activation of plant defense signaling pathways. That includes the elicitation of phytoalexins and pathogenesis-related (PR) protein. Besides that, chitosan has been employed in soil as a plant nutrient and has shown great efficacy in combination with other industrial fertilizers without affecting the soil's beneficial microbes. Furthermore, it is helpful in reducing the fertilizer losses due to its coating ability, which is important in keeping the environmental pollution under check. Based on exhibiting such excellent properties, there is a striking interest in using chitosan biopolymers in agriculture systems. Therefore, our current review has been centered upon the multiple roles of chitosan in horticultural crops that could be useful in future crop improvement programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Sharif
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Muhammad Mujtaba
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey.
| | - Mati Ur Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Abdullah Shalmani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Husain Ahmad
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Toheed Anwar
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Deng Tianchan
- School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zandalinas SI, Balfagón D, Arbona V, Gómez-Cadenas A. Regulation of citrus responses to the combined action of drought and high temperatures depends on the severity of water deprivation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 162:427-438. [PMID: 28902955 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants grown in natural environment are regularly subjected to different combinations of abiotic stresses. Recent studies revealed that citrus plants subjected to a combination of severe drought and high temperatures displayed specific physiological, hormonal, molecular and metabolic responses. In the present study, we have performed a long-term experiment combining moderate drought and heat in Cleopatra mandarin to evaluate the impact of the stress-sequence, intensity and duration. Our results support previous observation of high sensitivity of Cleopatra mandarin to abiotic stresses that include high temperatures. In this sense, a combination of drought and heat stress negatively impacts Cleopatra seedlings independently of the drought intensity. However, some responses to combined drought and heat depend on drought intensity, especially those involved in stomatal regulation. The intricate natural environment, abiotic stress combinations and global climatic changes increase the complexity of studying plant responses to stress factors in the laboratory. Consequently, new experimental approaches taking in consideration different stress combinations should be implemented to study the viability of Cleopatra mandarin as a rootstock in a rapidly changing environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Zandalinas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
| | - Damián Balfagón
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Xoca-Orozco LÁ, Cuellar-Torres EA, González-Morales S, Gutiérrez-Martínez P, López-García U, Herrera-Estrella L, Vega-Arreguín J, Chacón-López A. Transcriptomic Analysis of Avocado Hass ( Persea americana Mill) in the Interaction System Fruit-Chitosan- Colletotrichum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:956. [PMID: 28642771 PMCID: PMC5462954 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana) is one of the most important crops in Mexico as it is the main producer, consumer, and exporter of avocado fruit in the world. However, successful avocado commercialization is often reduced by large postharvest losses due to Colletotrichum sp., the causal agent of anthracnose. Chitosan is known to have a direct antifungal effect and acts also as an elicitor capable of stimulating a defense response in plants. However, there is little information regarding the genes that are either activated or repressed in fruits treated with chitosan. The aim of this study was to identify by RNA-seq the genes differentially regulated by the action of low molecular weight chitosan in the avocado-chitosan-Colletotrichum interaction system. The samples for RNA-seq were obtained from fruits treated with chitosan, fruits inoculated with Colletotrichum and fruits both treated with chitosan and inoculated with the fungus. Non-treated and non-inoculated fruits were also analyzed. Expression profiles showed that in short times, the fruit-chitosan system presented a greater number of differentially expressed genes, compared to the fruit-pathogen system. Gene Ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes showed a large number of metabolic processes regulated by chitosan, including those preventing the spread of Colletotrichum. It was also found that there is a high correlation between the expression of genes in silico and qPCR of several genes involved in different metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Ángel Xoca-Orozco
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de TepicTepic, Mexico
| | | | - Sandra González-Morales
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica Para la Biodiversidad, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV)Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Ulises López-García
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de TepicTepic, Mexico
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica Para la Biodiversidad, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV)Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Julio Vega-Arreguín
- Laboratorio de Ciencias AgroGenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoGuanajuato, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Chacón-López
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de TepicTepic, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li X, Thwe AA, Park CH, Kim SJ, Arasu MV, Abdullah Al-Dhabi N, Lee SY, Park SU. Ethephon-induced phenylpropanoid accumulation and related gene expression in tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) hairy root. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1282835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Aye Aye Thwe
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun Ju Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Landi L, De Miccolis Angelini RM, Pollastro S, Feliziani E, Faretra F, Romanazzi G. Global Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Strawberry after Preharvest Application of Benzothiadiazole and Chitosan. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:235. [PMID: 28286508 PMCID: PMC5323413 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of resistance inducers is a novel strategy to elicit defense responses in strawberry fruit to protect against preharvest and postharvest decay. However, the mechanisms behind the specific resistance inducers are not completely understood. Here, global transcriptional changes in strawberry fruit were investigated using RNA-Seq technology. Preharvest, benzothiadiazole (BTH) and chitosan were applied to the plant canopy, and the fruit were harvested at 6, 12, and 24 h post-treatment. Overall, 5,062 and 5,210 differentially expressed genes (fold change ≥ 2) were identified in these fruits under the BTH and chitosan treatments, respectively, as compared to the control expression. About 80% of these genes were differentially expressed by both elicitors. Comprehensive functional enrichment analysis highlighted different gene modulation over time for transcripts associated with photosynthesis and heat-shock proteins, according to elicitor. Up-regulation of genes associated with reprogramming of protein metabolism was observed in fruit treated with both elicitors, which led to increased storage proteins. Several genes associated with the plant immune system, hormone metabolism, systemic acquired resistance, and biotic and abiotic stresses were differentially expressed in treated versus untreated plants. The RNA-Seq output was confirmed using RT-qPCR for 12 selected genes. This study demonstrates that these two elicitors affect cell networks associated with plant defenses in different ways, and suggests a role for chloroplasts as the primary target in this modulation of the plant defense responses, which actively communicate these signals through changes in redox status. The genes identified in this study represent markers to better elucidate plant/pathogen/resistance-inducer interactions, and to plan novel sustainable disease management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Landi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic UniversityAncona, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Pollastro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Feliziani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic UniversityAncona, Italy
| | - Franco Faretra
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’Bari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic UniversityAncona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gianfranco Romanazzi,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zandalinas SI, Rivero RM, Martínez V, Gómez-Cadenas A, Arbona V. Tolerance of citrus plants to the combination of high temperatures and drought is associated to the increase in transpiration modulated by a reduction in abscisic acid levels. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:105. [PMID: 27121193 PMCID: PMC4848825 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In natural environments, several adverse environmental conditions occur simultaneously constituting a unique stress factor. In this work, physiological parameters and the hormonal regulation of Carrizo citrange and Cleopatra mandarin, two citrus genotypes, in response to the combined action of high temperatures and water deprivation were studied. The objective was to characterize particular responses to the stress combination. RESULTS Experiments indicated that Carrizo citrange is more tolerant to the stress combination than Cleopatra mandarin. Furthermore, an experimental design spanning 24 h stress duration, heat stress applied alone induced higher stomatal conductance and transpiration in both genotypes whereas combined water deprivation partially counteracted this response. Comparing both genotypes, Carrizo citrange showed higher phostosystem-II efficiency and lower oxidative damage than Cleopatra mandarin. Hormonal profiling in leaves revealed that salicylic acid (SA) accumulated in response to individual stresses but to a higher extent in samples subjected to the combination of heat and drought (showing an additive response). SA accumulation correlated with the up-regulation of pathogenesis-related gene 2 (CsPR2), as a downstream response. On the contrary, abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation was higher in water-stressed plants followed by that observed in plants under stress combination. ABA signaling in these plants was confirmed by the expression of responsive to ABA-related gene 18 (CsRAB18). Modulation of ABA levels was likely carried out by the induction of 9-neoxanthin cis-epoxicarotenoid dioxygenase (CsNCED) and ABA 8'-hydroxylase (CsCYP707A) while conversion to ABA-glycosyl ester (ABAGE) was a less prominent process despite the strong induction of ABA O-glycosyl transferase (CsAOG). CONCLUSIONS Cleopatra mandarin is more susceptible to the combination of high temperatures and water deprivation than Carrizo citrange. This is likely a result of a higher transpiration rate in Carrizo that could allow a more efficient cooling of leaf surface ensuring optimal CO2 intake. Hence, SA induction in Cleopatra was not sufficient to protect PSII from photoinhibition, resulting in higher malondialdehyde (MDA) build-up. Inhibition of ABA accumulation during heat stress and combined stresses was achieved primarily through the up-regulation of CsCYP707A leading to phaseic acid (PA) and dehydrophaseic acid (DPA) production. To sum up, data indicate that specific physiological responses to the combination of heat and drought exist in citrus. In addition, these responses are differently modulated depending on the particular stress tolerance of citrus genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara I. Zandalinas
- />Department Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Rivero
- />Departament de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- />Departament de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- />Department Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- />Department Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Goñi O, Fort A, Quille P, McKeown PC, Spillane C, O'Connell S. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Two Ascophyllum nodosum Extract Biostimulants: Same Seaweed but Different. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2980-9. [PMID: 27010818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants for crop management are gaining increased attention with continued demand for increased crop yields. Seaweed extracts represent one category of biostimulant, with Ascophyllum nodosum extracts (ANE) widely used for yield and quality enhancement. This study investigated how the composition of two ANE biostimulants (ANE A and ANE B) affects plant mRNA transcriptomes, using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Using Affymetrix Ath1 microarrays, significant heterogeneity was detected between the ANE biostimulants in terms of their impacts on the mRNA transcriptome of A. thaliana plants, which accumulated significantly more biomass than untreated controls. Genes dysregulated by the ANE biostimulants are associated with a wide array of predicted biological processes, molecular functions, and subcellular distributions. ANE A dysregulated 4.47% of the transcriptome, whereas ANE B dysregulated 0.87%. The compositions of both ANEs were significantly different, with a 4-fold difference in polyphenol levels, the largest observed. The standardization of the composition of ANE biostimulants represents a challenge for providing consistent effects on plant gene expression and biostimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Goñi
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Institute of Technology , Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Antoine Fort
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), National University of Ireland Galway , University Road, Galway H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Patrick Quille
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Institute of Technology , Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Peter C McKeown
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), National University of Ireland Galway , University Road, Galway H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Charles Spillane
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), National University of Ireland Galway , University Road, Galway H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Shane O'Connell
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Institute of Technology , Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|