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Alyoubi R, Kobeisy SA, Basheikh M, Al-Sharief RA, Al-Hayani MM, Rayes YO, Alharthi A, Alyazidi AS, Alrayes N, Tayeb HO. The Association of Sociodemographic Factors, Postictal Symptoms, and Medical History With Seizure Type in Patients With Epilepsy: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e39763. [PMID: 37398836 PMCID: PMC10311941 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 50 million people globally suffer from epilepsy. The prevalence of epilepsy in Saudi Arabia has been reported at 6.5 per 1,000 persons, affecting nearly 1% of the entire population. However, limited data is available in the country regarding the sociodemographic factors affecting epilepsy and its associated postictal symptoms, which may lead to stigmatization and negatively impact patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in a survey format. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at King Abdulaziz University. The study population included patients with epilepsy who visited King Abdulaziz University Hospital's outpatient neurology clinics from October 2021 to March 2022. Results The study participants' average age at the time of the first seizure was 16.5 years, with patients experiencing seizures as early as within the first year of life and as late as 70 years of age. Patients who had had their first seizure during the first year of life did not have any schooling (p<0.0001) and had learning difficulties (p<0.00001). Focal onset impaired awareness seizures were significantly associated with motor weakness (p=0.023) and mood alterations (p=0.014), while postictal fear, anxiety or panic, and sleep disruption were statistically significant for focal onset aware seizures (p=0.015 and p=0.050). Conclusion This study highlights the sociodemographic differences between patients in Saudi Arabia and in other areas. It may also point to novel findings regarding the postictal symptoms associated with the various seizure types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alyoubi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Mazen Basheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | - Yousof O Rayes
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, SAU
| | - Atheer Alharthi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Anas S Alyazidi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nuha Alrayes
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Haythum O Tayeb
- Department of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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2
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Brownstein CA, Douard E, Haynes RL, Koh HY, Haghighi A, Keywan C, Martin B, Alexandrescu S, Haas EA, Vargas SO, Wojcik MH, Jacquemont S, Poduri AH, Goldstein RD, Holm IA. Copy Number Variation and Structural Genomic Findings in 116 Cases of Sudden Unexplained Death between 1 and 28 Months of Age. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:2200012. [PMID: 36910592 PMCID: PMC10000288 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In sudden unexplained death in pediatrics (SUDP) the cause of death is unknown despite an autopsy and investigation. The role of copy number variations (CNVs) in SUDP has not been well-studied. Chromosomal microarray (CMA) data are generated for 116 SUDP cases with age at death between 1 and 28 months. CNVs are classified using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines and CNVs in our cohort are compared to an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cohort, and to a control cohort. Pathogenic CNVs are identified in 5 of 116 cases (4.3%). Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) favoring pathogenic CNVs are identified in 9 cases (7.8%). Several CNVs are associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes including seizures, ASD, developmental delay, and schizophrenia. The structural variant 47,XXY is identified in two cases (2/69 boys, 2.9%) not previously diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. Pathogenicity scores for deletions are significantly elevated in the SUDP cohort versus controls (p = 0.007) and are not significantly different from the ASD cohort. The finding of pathogenic or VUS favoring pathogenic CNVs, or structural variants, in 12.1% of cases, combined with the observation of higher pathogenicity scores for deletions in SUDP versus controls, suggests that CMA should be included in the genetic evaluation of SUDP.
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Alotibi RS, Sannan NS, AlEissa M, Aldriwesh MG, Al Tuwaijri A, Akiel MA, Almutairi M, Alsamer A, Altharawi N, Aljawfan G, Alotiabi B, AlBlawi MA, Alfares A. The diagnostic yield of CGH and WES in neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1133789. [PMID: 36937954 PMCID: PMC10014736 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1133789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of conditions characterized by developmental delays leading to abnormal brain functions. The methods of diagnosis and treatment of these conditions are complicated, and their treatment involves a combination of various forms of therapy. In recent years, the development of high-resolution technologies has played an important role in revealing the microdeletions, microduplications, and single-nucleotide variants of the chromosomes and how they are linked to the development of neurodevelopmental disorders. The wide implementation and application of molecular methodologies have started to shed light on the functional importance of using the appropriate methods in detecting these genetic variations that are categorized as either pathogenic or benign. The study aimed to compare the diagnostic yield of comparative hybridization (CGH) and whole exome sequencing (WES) in neurodevelopmental disorders among children attending the King Abdullah Specialist Children Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective study was conducted between 2015 and 2018 on 105 patients diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders through array-based CGH (Array-CGH) and WES. Results In a sample of 105 patients, 16% was the hit rate of copy number variations (CNVs). WES was requested for CNV-negative patients (n = 79), of which 30% was the hit rate of pathogenic or likely pathogenic single-nucleotide variants. There was a difference in the diagnostic yield between CGH (16%) and WES (30%). Conclusion WES was a better approach than Array-CGH to detect various DNA mutations or variants. Our findings could guide clinicians, researchers, and testing laboratories select the most cost-effective and appropriate approach for diagnosing their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raniah S. Alotibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Raniah S. Alotibi
| | - Naif S. Sannan
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam AlEissa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwh G. Aldriwesh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Al Tuwaijri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maaged A. Akiel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Almutairi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanouf Alsamer
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Altharawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah Aljawfan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badi Alotiabi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. AlBlawi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alfares
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Jönsson ME, Garza R, Sharma Y, Petri R, Södersten E, Johansson JG, Johansson PA, Atacho DA, Pircs K, Madsen S, Yudovich D, Ramakrishnan R, Holmberg J, Larsson J, Jern P, Jakobsson J. Activation of endogenous retroviruses during brain development causes an inflammatory response. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106423. [PMID: 33644903 PMCID: PMC8090857 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) make up a large fraction of mammalian genomes and are thought to contribute to human disease, including brain disorders. In the brain, aberrant activation of ERVs is a potential trigger for an inflammatory response, but mechanistic insight into this phenomenon remains lacking. Using CRISPR/Cas9‐based gene disruption of the epigenetic co‐repressor protein Trim28, we found a dynamic H3K9me3‐dependent regulation of ERVs in proliferating neural progenitor cells (NPCs), but not in adult neurons. In vivo deletion of Trim28 in cortical NPCs during mouse brain development resulted in viable offspring expressing high levels of ERVs in excitatory neurons in the adult brain. Neuronal ERV expression was linked to activated microglia and the presence of ERV‐derived proteins in aggregate‐like structures. This study demonstrates that brain development is a critical period for the silencing of ERVs and provides causal in vivo evidence demonstrating that transcriptional activation of ERV in neurons results in an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Jönsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Raquel Garza
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yogita Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Petri
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Södersten
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny G Johansson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia A Johansson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Diahann Am Atacho
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolina Pircs
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Madsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Yudovich
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Holmberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Larsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patric Jern
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department for Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Jakobsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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5
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Differential Gene Expression Profile Induced by Valproic Acid (VPA) in Pediatric Epileptic Patients. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9070328. [PMID: 29958461 PMCID: PMC6070821 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neuronal disease that affects up to 70 million people worldwide. The development of effective therapies to combat childhood epilepsy requires early biomarkers. Here, we performed a whole-genome microarray analysis in blood cells to identify genes differentially expressed between epileptic and epileptic valproic acid (VPA)-treated children versus normal children to obtain information about the gene expression to help us to understand genetic aspects of this disease. We found that the most significant differentially expressed genes were related to the transcriptional factor cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) that is overexpressed in children with epilepsy compared with normal children, and 6 and 12 months of VPA treatment reversed several of these changes. Interestingly, leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that binds collagen proteins and contains CREB binding sites, was one of the more up-regulated genes in epileptic patients, and treatment with VPA strongly reversed its up-regulation. CREB up-regulates genes related to epilepsy; here, we suggest that LAIR1 could activate CREB, and together, they trigger epilepsy. After VPA treatment, LAIR1 repressed genes by disrupting the functional LAIR1–CREB complex, resulting in successful treatment. A functional microarray analysis offers new information that could open novel avenues of research in biomarker discovery, which may be useful for the early identification of children with a predisposition to epilepsy.
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Papadopoulou Z, Papoulidis I, Sifakis S, Markopoulos G, Vetro A, Vlaikou AM, Ziegler M, Liehr T, Thomaidis L, Zuffardi O, Syrrou M, George K, Manolakos E. Partial monosomy 8p and trisomy 16q in two children with developmental delay detected by array comparative genomic hybridization. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8808-8818. [PMID: 29039589 PMCID: PMC5779959 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cases of liveborn unrelated children with developmental delay and overlapping unbalanced translocations der(8)t(8;16)(p23.2;q23.3) and der (8)t(8;16)(p23.1;q23.1), leading to partial monosomy 8p and partial trisomy 16q, are reported in the present study. The first patient was a 10-year-old boy with mild developmental delay and minor congenital anomalies (borderline microcephaly, clinodactyly, hypertelorism, epicanthus, mild systolic murmur and kidney reflux). The second patient was a 3 year-old girl with developmental delay, gross motor milestone delay and dysmorphic features. Array-comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed that partial chromosome 8p monosomy extended from 8p23.2 to 8pter (4.8 Mb) in Patient 1 and from 8p23.1 to 8pter (9.5 Mb) in Patient 2, and partial chromosome 16 trisomy extended from 16q23.3 to 16qter (5.6 Mb) in Patient 1 and from 16q23.1 to 16qter (11.7 Mb) in Patient 2. The mechanism of appearance of the rearrangement in association with the genes involved and the architecture of the region is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papoulidis
- Access To Genome, Laboratory of Genetics, Athens 11528‑Thessaloniki 55134, Greece
| | - Stavros Sifakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71201, Greece
| | - Georgios Markopoulos
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Annalisa Vetro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, I‑27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angeliki-Maria Vlaikou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Monica Ziegler
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, D‑07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, D‑07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Loretta Thomaidis
- Developmental Assessment Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, I‑27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Syrrou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Kitsos George
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Manolakos
- Access To Genome, Laboratory of Genetics, Athens 11528‑Thessaloniki 55134, Greece
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