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Baumert P, Mäntyselkä S, Schönfelder M, Heiber M, Jacobs MJ, Swaminathan A, Minderis P, Dirmontas M, Kleigrewe K, Meng C, Gigl M, Ahmetov II, Venckunas T, Degens H, Ratkevicius A, Hulmi JJ, Wackerhage H. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy rewires glucose metabolism: An experimental investigation and systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:989-1002. [PMID: 38742477 PMCID: PMC11154753 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proliferating cancer cells shift their metabolism towards glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen, to especially generate glycolytic intermediates as substrates for anabolic reactions. We hypothesize that a similar metabolic remodelling occurs during skeletal muscle hypertrophy. METHODS We used mass spectrometry in hypertrophying C2C12 myotubes in vitro and plantaris mouse muscle in vivo and assessed metabolomic changes and the incorporation of the [U-13C6]glucose tracer. We performed enzyme inhibition of the key serine synthesis pathway enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh) for further mechanistic analysis and conducted a systematic review to align any changes in metabolomics during muscle growth with published findings. Finally, the UK Biobank was used to link the findings to population level. RESULTS The metabolomics analysis in myotubes revealed insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-induced altered metabolite concentrations in anabolic pathways such as pentose phosphate (ribose-5-phosphate/ribulose-5-phosphate: +40%; P = 0.01) and serine synthesis pathway (serine: -36.8%; P = 0.009). Like the hypertrophy stimulation with IGF-1 in myotubes in vitro, the concentration of the dipeptide l-carnosine was decreased by 26.6% (P = 0.001) during skeletal muscle growth in vivo. However, phosphorylated sugar (glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate or glucose-1-phosphate) decreased by 32.2% (P = 0.004) in the overloaded muscle in vivo while increasing in the IGF-1-stimulated myotubes in vitro. The systematic review revealed that 10 metabolites linked to muscle hypertrophy were directly associated with glycolysis and its interconnected anabolic pathways. We demonstrated that labelled carbon from [U-13C6]glucose is increasingly incorporated by ~13% (P = 0.001) into the non-essential amino acids in hypertrophying myotubes, which is accompanied by an increased depletion of media serine (P = 0.006). The inhibition of Phgdh suppressed muscle protein synthesis in growing myotubes by 58.1% (P < 0.001), highlighting the importance of the serine synthesis pathway for maintaining muscle size. Utilizing data from the UK Biobank (n = 450 243), we then discerned genetic variations linked to the serine synthesis pathway (PHGDH and PSPH) and to its downstream enzyme (SHMT1), revealing their association with appendicular lean mass in humans (P < 5.0e-8). CONCLUSIONS Understanding the mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle mass will help in developing effective treatments for muscle weakness. Our results provide evidence for the metabolic rewiring of glycolytic intermediates into anabolic pathways during muscle growth, such as in serine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baumert
- School of Medicine and HealthTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention (OSMI)UMIT TIROL ‐ Private University for Health Sciences and Health TechnologyInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sakari Mäntyselkä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research CenterUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Martin Schönfelder
- School of Medicine and HealthTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Marie Heiber
- School of Medicine and HealthTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Institute of Sport ScienceUniversity of the Bundeswehr MunichNeubibergGermany
| | - Mika Jos Jacobs
- School of Medicine and HealthTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Anandini Swaminathan
- Institute of Sport Science and InnovationsLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Petras Minderis
- Institute of Sport Science and InnovationsLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Mantas Dirmontas
- Department of Health Promotion and RehabilitationLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass SpectrometryTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass SpectrometryTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Michael Gigl
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass SpectrometryTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Ildus I. Ahmetov
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and InnovationsLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Hans Degens
- Institute of Sport Science and InnovationsLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
- Department of Life SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Aivaras Ratkevicius
- Institute of Sport Science and InnovationsLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
- Sports and Exercise Medicine CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Juha J. Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research CenterUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- School of Medicine and HealthTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
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2
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Kawamura G, Kokaji T, Kawata K, Sekine Y, Suzuki Y, Soga T, Ueda Y, Endo M, Kuroda S, Ozawa T. Optogenetic decoding of Akt2-regulated metabolic signaling pathways in skeletal muscle cells using transomics analysis. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabn0782. [PMID: 36809024 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Insulin regulates various cellular metabolic processes by activating specific isoforms of the Akt family of kinases. Here, we elucidated metabolic pathways that are regulated in an Akt2-dependent manner. We constructed a transomics network by quantifying phosphorylated Akt substrates, metabolites, and transcripts in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells with acute, optogenetically induced activation of Akt2. We found that Akt2-specific activation predominantly affected Akt substrate phosphorylation and metabolite regulation rather than transcript regulation. The transomics network revealed that Akt2 regulated the lower glycolysis pathway and nucleotide metabolism and cooperated with Akt2-independent signaling to promote the rate-limiting steps in these processes, such as the first step of glycolysis, glucose uptake, and the activation of the pyrimidine metabolic enzyme CAD. Together, our findings reveal the mechanism of Akt2-dependent metabolic pathway regulation, paving the way for Akt2-targeting therapeutics in diabetes and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 133-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kokaji
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawata
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Isotope Science Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuka Sekine
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 133-0033, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Yoshibumi Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 133-0033, Japan
| | - Mizuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 133-0033, Japan
| | - Shinya Kuroda
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 133-0033, Japan
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3
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Glucose 6-P Dehydrogenase—An Antioxidant Enzyme with Regulatory Functions in Skeletal Muscle during Exercise. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193041. [PMID: 36231003 PMCID: PMC9563910 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomorphic Glucose 6-P dehydrogenase (G6PD) alleles, which cause G6PD deficiency, affect around one in twenty people worldwide. The high incidence of G6PD deficiency may reflect an evolutionary adaptation to the widespread prevalence of malaria, as G6PD-deficient red blood cells (RBCs) are hostile to the malaria parasites that infect humans. Although medical interest in this enzyme deficiency has been mainly focused on RBCs, more recent evidence suggests that there are broader implications for G6PD deficiency in health, including in skeletal muscle diseases. G6PD catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which provides the precursors of nucleotide synthesis for DNA replication as well as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). NADPH is involved in the detoxification of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and de novo lipid synthesis. An association between increased PPP activity and the stimulation of cell growth has been reported in different tissues including the skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney. PPP activity is increased in skeletal muscle during embryogenesis, denervation, ischemia, mechanical overload, the injection of myonecrotic agents, and physical exercise. In fact, the highest relative increase in the activity of skeletal muscle enzymes after one bout of exhaustive exercise is that of G6PD, suggesting that the activation of the PPP occurs in skeletal muscle to provide substrates for muscle repair. The age-associated loss in muscle mass and strength leads to a decrease in G6PD activity and protein content in skeletal muscle. G6PD overexpression in Drosophila Melanogaster and mice protects against metabolic stress, oxidative damage, and age-associated functional decline, and results in an extended median lifespan. This review discusses whether the well-known positive effects of exercise training in skeletal muscle are mediated through an increase in G6PD.
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Zumbaugh MD, Johnson SE, Shi TH, Gerrard DE. Molecular and biochemical regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6652332. [PMID: 35908794 PMCID: PMC9339271 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is a culmination of catabolic and anabolic processes that are interwoven into major metabolic pathways, and as such modulation of skeletal muscle metabolism may have implications on animal growth efficiency. Muscle is composed of a heterogeneous population of muscle fibers that can be classified by metabolism (oxidative or glycolytic) and contractile speed (slow or fast). Although slow fibers (type I) rely heavily on oxidative metabolism, presumably to fuel long or continuous bouts of work, fast fibers (type IIa, IIx, and IIb) vary in their metabolic capability and can range from having a high oxidative capacity to a high glycolytic capacity. The plasticity of muscle permits continuous adaptations to changing intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli that can shift the classification of muscle fibers, which has implications on fiber size, nutrient utilization, and protein turnover rate. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the major metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle and the associated regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan D Zumbaugh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Sally E Johnson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Tim H Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - David E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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5
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Li L, Zuo X, Liu D, Luo H, Zhu H. The Functional Roles of RNAs Cargoes Released by Neutrophil-Derived Exosomes in Dermatomyositis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727901. [PMID: 34603043 PMCID: PMC8484304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by cutaneous manifestations. We first identified the profiles of noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs and miRNAs) in peripheral neutrophil exosomes (EXOs) of DM patients and explored their potential functional roles. Bioinformatics analyses were performed with R packages. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to validate the altered RNAs in DM neutrophil EXO-stimulated human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) and human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSkMCs). In DM neutrophil EXOs, 124 upregulated lncRNAs (with 1,392 target genes), 255 downregulated lncRNAs (with 1867 target genes), 17 upregulated miRNAs (with 2,908 target genes), and 15 downregulated miRNAs (with 2,176 target genes) were identified. GO analysis showed that the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and DE miRNAs participated in interleukin-6 and interferon-beta production, skeletal muscle cell proliferation and development, and endothelial cell development and differentiation. KEGG analysis suggested that DE lncRNAs and DE miRNAs were enriched in the PI3K–Akt, MAPK, AMPK and FoxO signalling pathways. Many novel and valuable DE lncRNAs and DE miRNAs interacted and cotargeted in the PI3K–Akt, MAPK, AMPK and FoxO signalling pathways. Our study suggests that neutrophil EXOs participate in DM pathogenesis through lncRNAs and miRNAs in the PI3K–Akt, MAPK, AMPK and FoxO signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Li
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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6
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Lee EJ, Neppl RL. Influence of Age on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Atrophy Signaling: Established Paradigms and Unexpected Links. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050688. [PMID: 34063658 PMCID: PMC8147613 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy in an inevitable occurrence with advancing age, and a consequence of disease including cancer. Muscle atrophy in the elderly is managed by a regimen of resistance exercise and increased protein intake. Understanding the signaling that regulates muscle mass may identify potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and reversal of muscle atrophy in metabolic and neuromuscular diseases. This review covers the major anabolic and catabolic pathways that regulate skeletal muscle mass, with a focus on recent progress and potential new players.
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7
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Mai C, Wen C, Xu Z, Xu G, Chen S, Zheng J, Sun C, Yang N. Genetic basis of negative heterosis for growth traits in chickens revealed by genome-wide gene expression pattern analysis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:52. [PMID: 33865443 PMCID: PMC8053289 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterosis is an important biological phenomenon that has been extensively utilized in agricultural breeding. However, negative heterosis is also pervasively observed in nature, which can cause unfavorable impacts on production performance. Compared with systematic studies of positive heterosis, the phenomenon of negative heterosis has been largely ignored in genetic studies and breeding programs, and the genetic mechanism of this phenomenon has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Here, we used chickens, the most common agricultural animals worldwide, to determine the genetic and molecular mechanisms of negative heterosis. Results We performed reciprocal crossing experiments with two distinct chicken lines and found that the body weight presented widely negative heterosis in the early growth of chickens. Negative heterosis of carcass traits was more common than positive heterosis, especially breast muscle mass, which was over − 40% in reciprocal progenies. Genome-wide gene expression pattern analyses of breast muscle tissues revealed that nonadditivity, including dominance and overdominace, was the major gene inheritance pattern. Nonadditive genes, including a substantial number of genes encoding ATPase and NADH dehydrogenase, accounted for more than 68% of differentially expressed genes in reciprocal crosses (4257 of 5587 and 3617 of 5243, respectively). Moreover, nonadditive genes were significantly associated with the biological process of oxidative phosphorylation, which is the major metabolic pathway for energy release and animal growth and development. The detection of ATP content and ATPase activity for purebred and crossbred progenies further confirmed that chickens with lower muscle yield had lower ATP concentrations but higher hydrolysis activity, which supported the important role of oxidative phosphorylation in negative heterosis for growth traits in chickens. Conclusions These findings revealed that nonadditive genes and their related oxidative phosphorylation were the major genetic and molecular factors in the negative heterosis of growth in chickens, which would be beneficial to future breeding strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00574-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunning Mai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaoliang Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sirui Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Congjiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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8
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Shirai T, Hanakita H, Uemichi K, Takemasa T. Effect of the order of concurrent training combined with resistance and high-intensity interval exercise on mTOR signaling and glycolytic metabolism in mouse skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14770. [PMID: 33650809 PMCID: PMC7923557 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Athletes train to improve strength and endurance to demonstrate maximum performance during competitions. Training methods vary but most focus on strength, endurance, or both. Concurrent training is a combination of two different modes of training. In this study, we combined resistance exercise (RE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) to investigate the influence of the order of the concurrent training on signal molecules on hypertrophy and glycolysis in the skeletal muscle. The phosphorylation levels of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signals, p70 S6 kinase (p70S6 K), ribosomal protein S6 (S6), and glycogen synthase kinase beta (GSK-3β) were significantly increased in the HIIE first group compared with the control group. The combined training course did not affect the glycogen content and expression levels of proteins concerning glycolytic and metabolic capacity, suggesting that a combination of HIIE and RE on the same day, with HIIE prior to RE, improves hypertrophy response and glycolysis enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanaga Shirai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Hanakita
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Uemichi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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9
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Li HH, Bao LS, Deng SM, Liu L, Cheng J, Chen X, Pan YX, Zhang JS, Chu WY. Investigation of Proteus vulgaris and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica invasion on muscle oxidative stress and autophagy in Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). Sci Rep 2021; 11:3657. [PMID: 33574492 PMCID: PMC7878920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle is an important structural tissue in aquatic animals and it is susceptible to bacterial and fungal infection, which could affect flesh quality and health. In this study, Chinese soft-shelled turtles were artificially infected with two pathogens, Proteus vulgaris and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica and the effects on muscle nutritional characteristics, oxidative stress and autophagy were assayed. Upon infection, the muscle nutritional composition and muscle fiber structure were notably influenced. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of Nrf2 was down-regulated and Keap1 up-regulated, thus resulting in a decrease in antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress. However, with N-acetylcysteine treatment, the level of oxidative stress was decreased, accompanied by significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activities and the mRNA levels of SOD, CAT, GSTCD, and GSTO1. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in autophagy in the muscle tissue after the pathogen infection, but this increase could be reduced by N-acetylcysteine treatment. Our findings suggest that muscle nutritional characteristics were dramatically changed after pathogen infection, and oxidative stress and autophagy were induced by pathogen infection. However, N-acetylcysteine treatment could compromise the process perhaps by decreasing the ROS level and regulating Nrf2-antioxidant signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hui Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Sheng Bao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Li Liu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Pan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-She Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wu-Ying Chu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China.
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10
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West DWD, Doering TM, Thompson JLM, Budiono BP, Lessard SJ, Koch LG, Britton SL, Steck R, Byrne NM, Brown MA, Peake JM, Ashton KJ, Coffey VG. Low responders to endurance training exhibit impaired hypertrophy and divergent biological process responses in rat skeletal muscle. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:714-725. [PMID: 33486778 DOI: 10.1113/ep089301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The extent to which genetics determines adaptation to endurance versus resistance exercise is unclear. Previously, a divergent selective breeding rat model showed that genetic factors play a major role in the response to aerobic training. Here, we asked: do genetic factors that underpin poor adaptation to endurance training affect adaptation to functional overload? What is the main finding and its importance? Our data show that heritable factors in low responders to endurance training generated differential gene expression that was associated with impaired skeletal muscle hypertrophy. A maladaptive genotype to endurance exercise appears to dysregulate biological processes responsible for mediating exercise adaptation, irrespective of the mode of contraction stimulus. ABSTRACT Divergent skeletal muscle phenotypes result from chronic resistance-type versus endurance-type contraction, reflecting the principle of training specificity. Our aim was to determine whether there is a common set of genetic factors that influence skeletal muscle adaptation to divergent contractile stimuli. Female rats were obtained from a genetically heterogeneous rat population and were selectively bred from high responders to endurance training (HRT) or low responders to endurance training (LRT; n = 6/group; generation 19). Both groups underwent 14 days of synergist ablation to induce functional overload of the plantaris muscle before comparison to non-overloaded controls of the same phenotype. RNA sequencing was performed to identify Gene Ontology biological processes with differential (LRT vs. HRT) gene set enrichment. We found that running distance, determined in advance of synergist ablation, increased in response to aerobic training in HRT but not LRT (65 ± 26 vs. -6 ± 18%, mean ± SD, P < 0.0001). The hypertrophy response to functional overload was attenuated in LRT versus HRT (20.1 ± 5.6 vs. 41.6 ± 16.1%, P = 0.015). Between-group differences were observed in the magnitude of response of 96 upregulated and 101 downregulated pathways. A further 27 pathways showed contrasting upregulation or downregulation in LRT versus HRT in response to functional overload. In conclusion, low responders to aerobic endurance training were also low responders for compensatory hypertrophy, and attenuated hypertrophy was associated with differential gene set regulation. Our findings suggest that genetic factors that underpin aerobic training maladaptation might also dysregulate the transcriptional regulation of biological processes that contribute to adaptation to mechanical overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W D West
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas M Doering
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jamie-Lee M Thompson
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Boris P Budiono
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah J Lessard
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roland Steck
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Jonathan M Peake
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin J Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vernon G Coffey
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Ebner N, Dos Santos MR, Ishida J, Hasenfuss G, von Haehling S. Cachexia, muscle wasting, and frailty in cardiovascular disease. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:2314-2326. [PMID: 32949422 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The last several years have seen increasing interest in understanding cachexia, muscle wasting, and physical frailty across the broad spectrum of patients with cardiovascular illnesses. This interest originally started in the field of heart failure, but has recently been extended to other areas such as atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease as well as to patients after cardiac surgery or transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Tissue wasting and frailty are prevalent among many of the affected patients. The ageing process itself and concomitant cardiovascular illness decrease lean mass while fat mass is relatively preserved, making elderly patients particularly prone to develop wasting syndromes and frailty. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the available knowledge of body wasting and physical frailty in patients with cardiovascular illness, particularly focussing on patients with heart failure in whom most of the available data have been gathered. In addition, mechanisms of wasting and possible therapeutic targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.,Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Nicole Ebner
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Junishi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Hoshino D, Kawata K, Kunida K, Hatano A, Yugi K, Wada T, Fujii M, Sano T, Ito Y, Furuichi Y, Manabe Y, Suzuki Y, Fujii NL, Soga T, Kuroda S. Trans-omic Analysis Reveals ROS-Dependent Pentose Phosphate Pathway Activation after High-Frequency Electrical Stimulation in C2C12 Myotubes. iScience 2020; 23:101558. [PMID: 33083727 PMCID: PMC7522805 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle adaptation is mediated by cooperative regulation of metabolism, signal transduction, and gene expression. However, the global regulatory mechanism remains unclear. To address this issue, we performed electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) in differentiated C2C12 myotubes at low and high frequency, carried out metabolome and transcriptome analyses, and investigated phosphorylation status of signaling molecules. EPS triggered extensive and specific changes in metabolites, signaling phosphorylation, and gene expression during and after EPS in a frequency-dependent manner. We constructed trans-omic network by integrating these data and found selective activation of the pentose phosphate pathway including metabolites, upstream signaling molecules, and gene expression of metabolic enzymes after high-frequency EPS. We experimentally validated that activation of these molecules after high-frequency EPS was dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, the trans-omic analysis revealed ROS-dependent activation in signal transduction, metabolome, and transcriptome after high-frequency EPS in C2C12 myotubes, shedding light on possible mechanisms of muscle adaptation. We performed electrical pulse stimulation in differentiated C2C12 myotubes We constructed trans-omic network after high-frequency electrical pulse stimulation Trans-omic network integrates metabolome, transcriptome, and signaling molecules We identified ROS-dependent pentose phosphate pathway activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hoshino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Bioscience and Technology Program, Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kunida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, and Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hatano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yugi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Fujisawa, 252-8520, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takumi Wada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujii
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takanori Sano
- Department of Mechanical and Biofunctional Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yasuro Furuichi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yasuko Manabe
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Nobuharu L. Fujii
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Shinya Kuroda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Corresponding author
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13
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Bagchi D, Mason BD, Baldino K, Li B, Lee EJ, Zhang Y, Chu LK, El Raheb S, Sinha I, Neppl RL. Adult-Onset Myopathy with Constitutive Activation of Akt following the Loss of hnRNP-U. iScience 2020; 23:101319. [PMID: 32659719 PMCID: PMC7358745 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has the remarkable ability to modulate its mass in response to changes in nutritional input, functional utilization, systemic disease, and age. This is achieved by the coordination of transcriptional and post-transcriptional networks and the signaling cascades balancing anabolic and catabolic processes with energy and nutrient availability. The extent to which alternative splicing regulates these signaling networks is uncertain. Here we investigate the role of the RNA-binding protein hnRNP-U on the expression and splicing of genes and the signaling processes regulating skeletal muscle hypertrophic growth. Muscle-specific Hnrnpu knockout (mKO) mice develop an adult-onset myopathy characterized by the selective atrophy of glycolytic muscle, the constitutive activation of Akt, increases in cellular and metabolic stress gene expression, and changes in the expression and splicing of metabolic and signal transduction genes. These findings link Hnrnpu with the balance between anabolic signaling, cellular and metabolic stress, and physiological growth. Hnrnpu mKO mice develop adult-onset myopathy with selective glycolytic muscle atrophy Akt is constitutively active in the atrophied muscles of Hnrnpu mKO mice Hnrnpu mutants show altered gene expression and alternative splicing patterns Induction of genes associated with cellular and metabolic stress
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Affiliation(s)
- Debalina Bagchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin D Mason
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kodilichi Baldino
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuteng Zhang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linh Khanh Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sherif El Raheb
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ronald L Neppl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Liu D, Zuo X, Luo H, Zhu H. The altered metabolism profile in pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 50:627-635. [PMID: 32502727 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of heterogeneous autoimmune diseases characterized by muscle weakness, muscle inflammation and extramuscular manifestations. Despite extensive efforts, the mechanisms of IIMs remain largely unknown, and treatment is still a challenge for physicians. Metabolism changes have emerged as a crucial player in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, little is known about metabolism changes in IIMs. In this review, we focus on the alteration of metabolism profile in IIMs, and the relationships with clinical information. We highlight the potential roles of metabolism in the pathogenesis of IIMs and discuss future perspectives for metabolic checkpoint-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Cao Y, Wang S, Liu S, Wang Y, Jin H, Ma H, Luo X, Cao Y, Lian Z. Effects of Long-Chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Synthetase 1 on Diglyceride Synthesis and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Sheep Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2044. [PMID: 32192050 PMCID: PMC7139739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSLs) is an essential enzyme for the synthesis of fatty acyl-CoA. ACSL1 plays a key role in the synthesis of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol esters. BACKGROUND In the current study, triglyceride content did not increase after overexpression of the ACSL1 gene. METHODS RNA-seq and lipid metabolome profiling were performed to determine why triglyceride levels did not change with ACSL1 overexpression. RESULTS Fatty acyl-CoA produced by ACSL1 was determined to be involved in the diglyceride synthesis pathway, and diglyceride content significantly increased when ACSL1 was overexpressed. Moreover, the arachidonic acid (AA) content in sheep adipocytes significantly increased, and the level of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression, the downstream metabolic gene, was significantly downregulated. Knocking down the ACSL1 gene was associated with an increase in COX2 mRNA expression, as well as an increase in prostaglandin content, which is the downstream metabolite of AA. CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of the ACSL1 gene promotes the production of AA via downregulation of COX2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.)
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling 136100, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (H.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Shunqi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Yanli Wang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling 136100, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (H.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Haiguo Jin
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling 136100, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (H.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Huihai Ma
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling 136100, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (H.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaotong Luo
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling 136100, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (H.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Yang Cao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling 136100, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (H.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.)
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16
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Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport and Glucose Metabolism by Exercise Training. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102432. [PMID: 31614762 PMCID: PMC6835691 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training and resistance exercise training are both well-known for their ability to improve human health; especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, there are critical differences between these two main forms of exercise training and the adaptations that they induce in the body that may account for their beneficial effects. This article reviews the literature and highlights key gaps in our current understanding of the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training on the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis, skeletal muscle glucose transport and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.
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17
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Melouane A, Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Functional genomics applications and therapeutic implications in sarcopenia. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:175-185. [PMID: 31416575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human genome contains around 20,000-25,000 genes coding for 30,000 proteins. Some proteins and genes represent therapeutic targets for human diseases. RNA and protein expression profiling tools allow the study of the molecular basis of aging and drug discovery validation. Throughout the life, there is an age-related and disease-related muscle decline. Sarcopenia is defined as a loss of muscle mass and a decrease in functional properties such as muscle strength and physical performance. Yet, there is still no consensus on the evaluation methods of sarcopenia prognosis. The main challenge of this complex biological phenomena is its multifactorial etiology. Thus, functional genomics methods attempt to shape the related scientific approaches via an innovative in-depth view on sarcopenia. Gene and drug high throughput screening combined with functional genomics allow the generation and the interpretation of a large amount of data related to sarcopenia and therapeutic progress. This review focuses on the application of selected functional genomics techniques such as RNA interference, RNA silencing, proteomics, transgenic mice, metabolomics, genomics, and epigenomics to better understand sarcopenia mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Melouane
- CREMI, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, Quebec, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- CREMI, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, Quebec, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- CREMI, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, Quebec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- CREMI, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, Quebec, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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18
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Hunt LC, Stover J, Haugen B, Shaw TI, Li Y, Pagala VR, Finkelstein D, Barton ER, Fan Y, Labelle M, Peng J, Demontis F. A Key Role for the Ubiquitin Ligase UBR4 in Myofiber Hypertrophy in Drosophila and Mice. Cell Rep 2019; 28:1268-1281.e6. [PMID: 31365869 PMCID: PMC6697171 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle cell (myofiber) atrophy is a detrimental component of aging and cancer that primarily results from muscle protein degradation via the proteasome and ubiquitin ligases. Transcriptional upregulation of some ubiquitin ligases contributes to myofiber atrophy, but little is known about the role that most other ubiquitin ligases play in this process. To address this question, we have used RNAi screening in Drosophila to identify the function of > 320 evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin ligases in myofiber size regulation in vivo. We find that whereas RNAi for some ubiquitin ligases induces myofiber atrophy, loss of others (including the N-end rule ubiquitin ligase UBR4) promotes hypertrophy. In Drosophila and mouse myofibers, loss of UBR4 induces hypertrophy via decreased ubiquitination and degradation of a core set of target proteins, including the HAT1/RBBP4/RBBP7 histone-binding complex. Together, this study defines the repertoire of ubiquitin ligases that regulate myofiber size and the role of UBR4 in myofiber hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam C Hunt
- Division of Developmental Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jared Stover
- Division of Developmental Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Benard Haugen
- Division of Developmental Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Timothy I Shaw
- Department of Structural Biology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Vishwajeeth R Pagala
- Department of Structural Biology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- College of Health & Human Performance Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, 124 Florida Gym, 1864 Stadium Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Myriam Labelle
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Solid Tumor Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Division of Developmental Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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19
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Li Y, Pan H, Zhang X, Wang H, Liu S, Zhang H, Qian H, Wang L, Ying H. Geniposide Improves Glucose Homeostasis via Regulating FoxO1/PDK4 in Skeletal Muscle. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4483-4492. [PMID: 30929433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that imbalance state of glucose metabolism triggers many metabolic diseases and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle accounts for 90% of body weight. Geniposide is one of the major natural bioactive constituents of gardenia fruit, and the regulation of geniposide on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle has not yet been investigated. Here, on the basis of microarray analysis, we discovered that geinposide decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) expression in skeletal muscle of mice and subsequently found that geniposide inhibited the expressions of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), PDK4, and phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, geniposide promoted a switch of slow-to-fast myofiber type and glucose utilization, suggesting that geniposide improved glucose homeostasis. In addition, mechanistic studies revealed that geniposide played above roles by regulating FoxO1/PDK4, which controlled fuel selection via pyruvate dehydrogenase. Meanwhile, effects of geniposide mentioned above could be reversed by FoxO1 overexpression. Together, these results establish that geniposide confers controls on fuel usage and glucose homeostasis through FoxO1/PDK4 in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road , Shanghai 200031 , People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xuetong Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi No. 4 People's Hospital) , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road , Shanghai 200031 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road , Shanghai 200031 , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Hao Ying
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road , Shanghai 200031 , People's Republic of China
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20
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Maruyama S, Wu CL, Yoshida S, Zhang D, Li PH, Wu F, Parker Duffen J, Yao R, Jardin B, Adham IM, Law R, Berger J, Di Marchi R, Walsh K. Relaxin Family Member Insulin-Like Peptide 6 Ameliorates Cardiac Fibrosis and Prevents Cardiac Remodeling in Murine Heart Failure Models. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e008441. [PMID: 29887522 PMCID: PMC6220528 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin/insulin-like growth factor/relaxin family represents a group of structurally related but functionally diverse proteins. The family member relaxin-2 has been evaluated in clinical trials for its efficacy in the treatment of acute heart failure. In this study, we assessed the role of insulin-like peptide 6 (INSL6), another member of this protein family, in murine heart failure models using genetic loss-of-function and protein delivery methods. METHODS AND RESULTS Insl6-deficient and wild-type (C57BL/6N) mice were administered angiotensin II or isoproterenol via continuous infusion with an osmotic pump or via intraperitoneal injection once a day, respectively, for 2 weeks. In both models, Insl6-knockout mice exhibited greater cardiac systolic dysfunction and left ventricular dilatation. Cardiac dysfunction in the Insl6-knockout mice was associated with more extensive cardiac fibrosis and greater expression of fibrosis-associated genes. The continuous infusion of chemically synthesized INSL6 significantly attenuated left ventricular systolic dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis induced by isoproterenol infusion. Gene expression profiling suggests liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor signaling is activated in the isoproterenol-challenged hearts treated with INSL6 protein. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous Insl6 protein inhibits cardiac systolic dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis in angiotensin II- and isoproterenol-induced cardiac stress models. The administration of recombinant INSL6 protein could have utility for the treatment of heart failure and cardiac fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/deficiency
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Liver X Receptors/genetics
- Liver X Receptors/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Retinoid X Receptors/genetics
- Retinoid X Receptors/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonomi Maruyama
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Chia-Ling Wu
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Li
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Fangzhou Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Jennifer Parker Duffen
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Rouan Yao
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Blake Jardin
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Ibrahim M Adham
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Law
- New Frontier Science, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA
| | - Joel Berger
- New Frontier Science, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Kenneth Walsh
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Center for Hematovascular Biology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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21
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Ramsay TG, Stoll MJ, Shannon AE, Blomberg LA. Metabolomic analysis of longissimus from underperforming piglets relative to piglets with normal preweaning growth. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:36. [PMID: 29713469 PMCID: PMC5918561 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent increases in intra-litter variability in weaning weight have raised swine production costs. A contributor to this variability is the normal birth weight pig that grows at a slower rate than littermates of similar birth weight. The goal of this study was to interrogate biochemical profiles manifested in skeletal muscle originating from slow growing (SG) and faster growing littermates (control), with the aim of identifying differences in metabolic pathway utilization between skeletal muscle of the SG pig relative to its littermates. Samples of longissimus muscle from littermate pairs of pigs were collected at 21 d of age for metabolomic analysis (Metabolon, Inc., Durham, NC). Results Birth weights did not differ between littermate pairs of SG and Control pigs (P > 0.05). Weaning weights differed by 1.51 ± 0.19 kg (P < 0.001). Random forest (RF) analysis was effective at segregating the metabolome of muscle samples by growth rate, resulting in a predictive accuracy of 81% versus random segregation (50%). Decreases in sugars in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in the longissimus of SG pigs were detected (P < 0.05). Decreases were also apparent in glycolytic intermediates (glycerol-3-phosphate and lactate) and key glycolysis-derived intermediates (glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate; P < 0.05). SG pigs had increased levels of phospholipids, lysolipids, diacylglycerols, and sphingolipids (P < 0.05). Pathway analysis identified a cluster of molecules associated with muscle and collagen/extracellular matrix breakdown that are increased in the SG pig (glutamate, 3-methylhistidine and hydroxylated proline moieties; P < 0.05). Nicotinate metabolism was altered in SG pigs, resulting in a 78% decrease in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pool (P < 0.05). Conclusions These metabolomic data provide the first evidence for biochemical mechanisms that should be investigated to determine if they have a potential role in the slow growth in some normal birth weight piglets that contribute to increased intra-litter variability in weaning weights and provides essential information and potential targets for the development of nutritional intervention strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-018-0251-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Ramsay
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Margo J Stoll
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Amy E Shannon
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Le Ann Blomberg
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
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22
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Tang X, Guo Y, Wu S, Chen L, Tao H, Liu S. Metabolomics Uncovers the Regulatory Pathway of Acyl-homoserine Lactones Based Quorum Sensing in Anammox Consortia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:2206-2216. [PMID: 29378137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs)-mediated quorum sensing in bacterial communities have been extensively observed. However, the metabolic pathways regulated by AHLs in bacteria remain elusive. Here, we combined long-term reactor operation with microbiological and metabolomics analyses to explore the regulatory pathways for different AHLs in anammox consortia, which perform promising nitrogen removal for wastewater treatment. The results showed that no obvious shifts induced by exogenous AHLs occurred in the microbial community and, mainly, dosing AHLs induced changes in the metabolites. 3OC6-HSL, C6-HSL, and C8-HSL controlled the electron transport carriers that influence the bacterial activity. In contrast, only 3OC6-HSL regulated LysoPC(20:0) metabolism, which affected bacterial growth. AHLs mainly regulated the synthesis of the amino acids Ala, Val, and Glu and selectively regulated Asp and Leu to affect extracellular proteins. Simultaneously, all the AHLs regulated the ManNAc biosynthetic pathways, while OC6-HSL, OC8-HSL, and C6-HSL particularly enriched the UDP-GlcNAc pathway to promote exopolysaccharides, resulting in different aggregation levels of the anammox consortia. Our results not only provide the first metabolic insights into the means by which AHLs affect anammox consortia but also hint at potential strategies for overcoming the limitations of the long start-up period required for wastewater treatment by anammox processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China , Beijing 100871, China
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongzhao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China , Beijing 100871, China
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China , Beijing 100871, China
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China , Beijing 100871, China
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huchun Tao
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China , Beijing 100871, China
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University , Shenzhen 518055, China
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23
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Pereira MG, Dyar KA, Nogara L, Solagna F, Marabita M, Baraldo M, Chemello F, Germinario E, Romanello V, Nolte H, Blaauw B. Comparative Analysis of Muscle Hypertrophy Models Reveals Divergent Gene Transcription Profiles and Points to Translational Regulation of Muscle Growth through Increased mTOR Signaling. Front Physiol 2017; 8:968. [PMID: 29255421 PMCID: PMC5723052 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass is a result of the balance between protein breakdown and protein synthesis. It has been shown that multiple conditions of muscle atrophy are characterized by the common regulation of a specific set of genes, termed atrogenes. It is not known whether various models of muscle hypertrophy are similarly regulated by a common transcriptional program. Here, we characterized gene expression changes in three different conditions of muscle growth, examining each condition during acute and chronic phases. Specifically, we compared the transcriptome of Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscles collected (1) during the rapid phase of postnatal growth at 2 and 4 weeks of age, (2) 24 h or 3 weeks after constitutive activation of AKT, and (3) 24 h or 3 weeks after overload hypertrophy caused by tenotomy of the Tibialis Anterior muscle. We observed an important overlap between significantly regulated genes when comparing each single condition at the two different timepoints. Furthermore, examining the transcriptional changes occurring 24 h after a hypertrophic stimulus, we identify an important role for genes linked to a stress response, despite the absence of muscle damage in the AKT model. However, when we compared all different growth conditions, we did not find a common transcriptional fingerprint. On the other hand, all conditions showed a marked increase in mTORC1 signaling and increased ribosome biogenesis, suggesting that muscle growth is characterized more by translational, than transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G Pereira
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kenneth A Dyar
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Molecular Endocrinology, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center and German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Nogara
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Martina Baraldo
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Elena Germinario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vanina Romanello
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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24
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McCue MD, Terblanche JS, Benoit JB. Learning to starve: impacts of food limitation beyond the stress period. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:4330-4338. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.157867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Starvation is common among wild animal populations, and many individuals experience repeated bouts of starvation over the course of their lives. Although much information has been gained through laboratory studies of acute starvation, little is known about how starvation affects an animal once food is again available (i.e. during the refeeding and recovery phases). Many animals exhibit a curious phenomenon – some seem to ‘get better’ at starving following exposure to one or more starvation events – by this we mean that they exhibit potentially adaptive responses, including reduced rates of mass loss, reduced metabolic rates, and lower costs of digestion. During subsequent refeedings they may also exhibit improved digestive efficiency and more rapid mass gain. Importantly, these responses can last until the next starvation bout or even be inherited and expressed in the subsequent generation. Currently, however, little is known about the molecular regulation and physiological mechanisms underlying these changes. Here, we identify areas of research that can fill in the most pressing knowledge gaps. In particular, we highlight how recently refined techniques (e.g. stable isotope tracers, quantitative magnetic resonance and thermal measurement) as well as next-generation sequencing approaches (e.g. RNA-seq, proteomics and holobiome sequencing) can address specific starvation-focused questions. We also describe outstanding unknowns ripe for future research regarding the timing and severity of starvation, and concerning the persistence of these responses and their interactions with other ecological stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall D. McCue
- Department of Biological Sciences, St Mary's University, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | - John S. Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Joshua B. Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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25
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Neppl RL, Wu CL, Walsh K. lncRNA Chronos is an aging-induced inhibitor of muscle hypertrophy. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3497-3507. [PMID: 28855249 PMCID: PMC5674882 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201612100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neppl et al. identify a long noncoding RNA named Chronos whose expression increases with age and decreases in Akt-mediated growth. Inhibition of Chronos induces myofiber hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo, in part, through the epigenetic modulation of Bmp7 signaling. Skeletal muscle exhibits remarkable plasticity in its ability to modulate its mass in response to the physiologic changes associated with functional use, systemic disease, and aging. Although a gradual loss of muscle mass normally occurs with advancing age, its increasingly rapid progression results in sarcopenia in a subset of individuals. The identities of muscle-enriched, long noncoding RNAs that regulate this process are unknown. Here, we identify a long noncoding RNA, named Chronos, whose expression in muscle is positively regulated with advancing age and negatively regulated during Akt1-mediated growth. Inhibition of Chronos induces myofiber hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo, in part, through the epigenetic modulation of Bmp7 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Neppl
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chia-Ling Wu
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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