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Zhao Y, Sun T, Liu J, Zhang R, Yu Y, Zhou G, Liu J, Gao B. The Key Role of Plant Hormone Signaling Transduction and Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathways in the Response of Chinese Pine ( Pinus tabuliformis) to Feeding Stimulation by Pine Caterpillar ( Dendrolimus tabulaeformis). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6354. [PMID: 38928063 PMCID: PMC11203464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants have developed a series of resistance mechanisms to face various external stresses. As understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant resistance continues to deepen, exploring endogenous resistance in plants has become a hot topic in this field. Despite the multitude of studies on plant-induced resistance, how plants respond to stress under natural conditions remains relatively unclear. To address this gap, we investigated Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) using pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus tabulaeformis) under natural conditions. Healthy Chinese pine trees, approximately 10 years old, were selected for studying induced resistance in Huangtuliangzi Forestry, Pingquan City, Chengde City, Hebei Province, China. Pine needles were collected at 2 h and 8 h after feeding stimulation (FS) via 10 pine caterpillars and leaf clipping control (LCC), to simulate mechanical damage caused by insect chewing for the quantification of plant hormones and transcriptome and metabolome assays. The results show that the different modes of treatments significantly influence the contents of JA and SA in time following treatment. Three types of differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were found to be involved in the initial response, namely phenolic acids, lipids, and flavonoids. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that 722 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are positively related to feeding stimulation and the specific enriched pathways are plant hormone signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthesis, among others. Two TIFY transcription factors (PtTIFY54 and PtTIFY22) and a MYB transcription factor (PtMYB26) were found to be involved in the interaction between plant hormones, mainly in the context of JA signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthesis. The results of this study provide an insight into how JA activates, serving as a reference for understanding the molecular mechanisms of resistance formation in conifers responding to mandibulate insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Tianhua Sun
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China;
| | - Ruibo Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yongjie Yu
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Guona Zhou
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Junxia Liu
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Baojia Gao
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
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Wang XT, Yan K, Yu TH, Yang ZN, Luo SQ. A Single Latent Plant Growth-Promoting Endophyte BH46 Enhances Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Yield and Quality. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12057-12071. [PMID: 38753758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) can effectively regulate plant growth and metabolism. The regulation is modulated by metabolic signals, and the resulting metabolites can have considerable effects on the plant yield and quality. Here, tissue culture Houttuynia cordata Thunb., was inoculated with Rhizobium sp. (BH46) to determine the effect of BH46 on H. cordata growth and metabolism, and elucidate associated regulatory mechanisms. The results revealed that BH46 metabolized indole-3-acetic acid and induced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase to decrease ethylene metabolism. Host peroxidase synthesis MPK3/MPK6 genes were significantly downregulated, whereas eight genes associated with auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and antioxidant enzymes were significantly upregulated. Eight genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly upregulated, with the CPY75B1 gene regulating the production of rutin and quercitrin and the HCT gene directly regulating the production of chlorogenic acid. Therefore, BH46 influences metabolic signals in H. cordata to modulate its growth and metabolism, in turn, enhancing yield and quality of H. cordata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, Guizhou, China
| | - Tian-Hua Yu
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhan-Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Shi-Qiong Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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Nie X, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Bastías DA, Nan Z, Li C. Endophytes Alleviate Drought-Derived Oxidative Damage in Achnatherum inebrians Plants Through Increasing Antioxidants and Regulating Host Stress Responses. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:73. [PMID: 38758374 PMCID: PMC11101377 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Endophytes generally increase antioxidant contents of plants subjected to environmental stresses. However, the mechanisms by which endophytes alter the accumulation of antioxidants in plant tissues are not entirely clear. We hypothesized that, in stress situations, endophytes would simultaneously reduce oxidative damage and increase antioxidant contents of plants and that the accumulation of antioxidants would be a consequence of the endophyte ability to regulate the expression of plant antioxidant genes. We investigated the effects of the fungal endophyte Epichloë gansuensis (C.J. Li & Nan) on oxidative damage, antioxidant contents, and expression of representative genes associated with antioxidant pathways in Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng plants subjected to low (15%) and high (60%) soil moisture conditions. Gene expression levels were measured using RNA-seq. As expected, the endophyte reduced the oxidative damage by 17.55% and increased the antioxidant contents by 53.14% (on average) in plants subjected to low soil moisture. In line with the accumulation of antioxidants in plant tissues, the endophyte increased the expression of most plant genes associated with the biosynthesis of antioxidants (e.g., MIOX, crtB, gpx) while it reduced the expression of plant genes related to the metabolization of antioxidants (e.g., GST, PRODH, ALDH). Our findings suggest that endophyte ability of increasing antioxidant contents in plants may reduce the oxidative damage caused by stresses and that the fungal regulation of plant antioxidants would partly explain the accumulation of these compounds in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Zhenrui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Xingxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
| | - Daniel A Bastías
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
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Huang F, Lei Y, Duan J, Kang Y, Luo Y, Ding D, Chen Y, Li S. Investigation of heat stress responses and adaptation mechanisms by integrative metabolome and transcriptome analysis in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). Sci Rep 2024; 14:10023. [PMID: 38693343 PMCID: PMC11063163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme high temperature has deleterious impact on the yield and quality of tea production, which has aroused the attention of growers and breeders. However, the mechanisms by which tea plant varieties respond to extreme environmental heat is not clear. In this study, we analyzed physiological indices, metabolites and transcriptome differences in three different heat-tolerant tea plant F1 hybrid progenies. Results showed that the antioxidant enzyme activity, proline, and malondialdehyde were significantly decreased in heat-sensitive 'FWS' variety, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen molecules such as H2O2 and O2- was remarkably increased during heat stress. Metabolomic analysis was used to investigate the metabolite accumulation pattern of different varieties in response to heat stress. The result showed that a total of 810 metabolites were identified and more than 300 metabolites were differentially accumulated. Transcriptional profiling of three tea varieties found that such genes encoding proteins with chaperon domains were preferentially expressed in heat-tolerant varieties under heat stress, including universal stress protein (USP32, USP-like), chaperonin-like protein 2 (CLP2), small heat shock protein (HSP18.1), and late embryogenesis abundant protein (LEA5). Combining metabolomic with transcriptomic analyses discovered that the flavonoids biosynthesis pathway was affected by heat stress and most flavonols were up-regulated in heat-tolerant varieties, which owe to the preferential expression of key FLS genes controlling flavonol biosynthesis. Take together, molecular chaperons, or chaperon-like proteins, flavonols accumulation collaboratively contributed to the heat stress adaptation in tea plant. The present study elucidated the differences in metabolite accumulation and gene expression patterns among three different heat-tolerant tea varieties under extreme ambient high temperatures, which helps to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of tea plant adaptation to heat stress, and provides a reference for the breeding of heat-tolerant tea plant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyi Huang
- Tea Research Institute in Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Small and Medium Leaf Tea Plant Germplasm Resource Nursery (Changsha)/National Centre for Tea Improvement, Hunan Branch, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Tea Research Institute in Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Small and Medium Leaf Tea Plant Germplasm Resource Nursery (Changsha)/National Centre for Tea Improvement, Hunan Branch, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jihua Duan
- Tea Research Institute in Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Small and Medium Leaf Tea Plant Germplasm Resource Nursery (Changsha)/National Centre for Tea Improvement, Hunan Branch, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yankai Kang
- Tea Research Institute in Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Small and Medium Leaf Tea Plant Germplasm Resource Nursery (Changsha)/National Centre for Tea Improvement, Hunan Branch, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Tea Research Institute in Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Small and Medium Leaf Tea Plant Germplasm Resource Nursery (Changsha)/National Centre for Tea Improvement, Hunan Branch, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Tea Research Institute in Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Small and Medium Leaf Tea Plant Germplasm Resource Nursery (Changsha)/National Centre for Tea Improvement, Hunan Branch, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Tea Research Institute in Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Small and Medium Leaf Tea Plant Germplasm Resource Nursery (Changsha)/National Centre for Tea Improvement, Hunan Branch, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Saijun Li
- Tea Research Institute in Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Small and Medium Leaf Tea Plant Germplasm Resource Nursery (Changsha)/National Centre for Tea Improvement, Hunan Branch, Changsha, 410125, China.
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An L, Yuan Y, Chen H, Li M, Ma J, Zhou J, Zheng L, Ma H, Chen Z, Hao C, Wu X. Comprehensive widely targeted metabolomics to decipher the molecular mechanisms of Dioscorea opposita thunb. cv. Tiegun quality formation during harvest. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101159. [PMID: 38328697 PMCID: PMC10847880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea opposita Thumb. cv. Tiegun is commonly consumed as both food and traditional Chinese medicine, which has a history of more than two thousand years. Harvest time directly affects its quality, but few studies have focused on metabolic changes during the harvesting process. Here, a comprehensive metabolomics approach was performed to determine the metabolic profiles during six harvest stages. Thirty eight metabolites with significant differences were determined as crucial participants. Related metabolic pathways including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and tryptophan metabolism were the most active pathways during harvest. The results revealed that temperature has a significant impact on quality formation, which suggested that Dioscorea opposita thumb. cv. Tiegun harvested after frost had higher potential value of traditional Chinese medicine. This finding not only offered valuable guidance for yam production, but also provided essential information for assessing its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongliang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - He Chen
- Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lufei Zheng
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products of CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zenglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chenyu Hao
- School of Public Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xujin Wu
- Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Zuo H, Chen J, Lv Z, Shao C, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Shen C. Tea-Derived Polyphenols Enhance Drought Resistance of Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis) by Alleviating Jasmonate-Isoleucine Pathway and Flavonoid Metabolism Flow. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3817. [PMID: 38612625 PMCID: PMC11011871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme drought weather has occurred frequently in recent years, resulting in serious yield loss in tea plantations. The study of drought in tea plantations is becoming more and more intensive, but there are fewer studies on drought-resistant measures applied in actual production. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous tea polyphenols on the drought resistance of tea plant by pouring 100 mg·L-1 of exogenous tea polyphenols into the root under drought. The exogenous tea polyphenols were able to promote the closure of stomata and reduce water loss from leaves under drought stress. Drought-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in tea leaves and roots was also significantly reduced by exogenous tea polyphenols. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that exogenous tea polyphenols regulated the abnormal responses of photosynthetic and energy metabolism in leaves under drought conditions and alleviated sphingolipid metabolism, arginine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism in the root system, which enhanced the drought resistance of tea seedlings. Exogenous tea polyphenols induced jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-ILE) accumulation in the root system, and the jasmonic acid-isoleucine synthetase gene (TEA028623), jasmonic acid ZIM structural domain proteins (JAMs) synthesis genes (novel.22237, TEA001821), and the transcription factor MYC2 (TEA014288, TEA005840) were significantly up-regulated. Meanwhile, the flavonoid metabolic flow was significantly altered in the root; for example, the content of EGCG, ECG, and EGC was significantly increased. Thus, exogenous tea polyphenols enhance the drought resistance of tea plants through multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (C.S.)
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (C.S.)
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhidong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (C.S.)
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chenyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (C.S.)
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (C.S.)
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuebin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (C.S.)
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chengwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (C.S.)
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Qiu X, Wang W, Yang J, Li D, Jiao J, Wang E, Yuan H. Fulvic Acid Promotes Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis by Stimulating Endogenous Flavonoids Synthesis and Secretion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6133-6142. [PMID: 38489511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA) promotes symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia. To elucidate from the aspect of symbiosis, the effects of root irrigation of water-soluble humic materials (WSHM) or foliar spraying of its highly active component, FA, on soybean root exudates and on rhizosphere microorganisms were investigated. As a result, WSHM/FA treatments significantly altered root exudate metabolite composition, and isoflavonoids were identified as key contributors in both treatments compared to the control. Increased expression of genes related to the isoflavonoid biosynthesis were validated by RT-qPCR in both treatments, which notably elevated the synthesis of symbiotic signals genistein, daidzin, coumestrol, and biochanin A. Moreover, the WSHM/FA treatments induced a change in rhizosphere microbial community, coupled with an increase in the relative abundance of rhizobia. Our findings showed that WSHM/FA promotes symbiosis by stimulating the endogenous flavonoid synthesis and leads to rhizobia accumulation in the rhizosphere. This study provides new insights into mechanisms underlying the FA-mediated promotion of symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Entao Wang
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Hongli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Sun J, Wang X, Nie Z, Ma L, Sai H, Cheng J, Liu Y, Duan J. Characterization of the interactions between Fulvic acid and Trypsin with Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking technology. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301366. [PMID: 38073179 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The interaction mechanism between trypsin and fulvic acid was analyzed by multispectral method and molecular docking simulation. The fluorescence spectra showed that fulvic acid induced static quenching of trypsin. The validity of this conclusion was further substantiated through the computation of the binding constants. The thermodynamic parameters show that the reaction is mainly controlled by van der Waals force and hydrogen bond force, and the reaction is spontaneous. In addition, based on the obtained binding distance, there may be a non-radiative energy transfer between the two. The ultraviolet spectrum showed that fulvic acid could shift the absorption peak of trypsin, indicating that fulvic acid had an effect on the secondary structure of trypsin. According to the synchronous fluorescence spectrum results, fulvic acid primarily interacts with tryptophan residues in trypsin and induces alterations in their microenvironment. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum and circular dichroism further proves this conclusion. The molecular docking simulation reveals that the interaction between the two groups primarily arises from hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. The findings suggest that FA has the ability to induce conformational changes in trypsin's secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
- Innermongolia Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Bio-coal Chemical Industry, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Zhihua Nie
- School of life sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Litong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
- Innermongolia Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Bio-coal Chemical Industry, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Huazheng Sai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Jianguo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Yunying Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Jianguo Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
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Ding F, Zhang Y, Lin J, Zhong S, Li P, Li Y, Chen C, Jin S. Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed quality difference between beauty tea processed through indoor withering and outdoor solar withering. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1039-1050. [PMID: 37743412 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Withering is the first processing procedure of beauty tea, and there are few reports on the impact of withering methods on the quality of beauty tea and its regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS Through comparison of fresh tea leaves (FT) with the leaves after indoor natural withering for 18 h (IWT-18) and outdoor solar withering for 6 h (OWT-6), which were collected at the end of the two withering processes, 17 282 and 13 984 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were respectively screened and 267 and 154 differential metabolites (DMs) were respectively identified. The coexpression network revealed that a large number of DEGs and DMs were enriched in phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporter pathways, and the number of DMs and DEGs in IWT-18 versus FT exceeded that in OWT-6 versus FT. Both withering methods promoted a significant increase in content of phenylalanine and upregulation of β-glucoside expression in the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway. Five theaflavin-type proanthocyanidins in the flavonoid synthesis pathway were more significantly accumulated in FT versus IWT-18 than in FT versus OWT-6. Meanwhile, both withering methods can affect the ABC transporter pathway to promote the accumulation of amino acids and their derivatives, but different withering methods affect different ABC transporter families. Outdoor withering with more severe abiotic stress has a greater impact on the ABCG family, whereas indoor withering has a more significant effect on the ABCC family. Sensory evaluation results showed that the dry tea of IWT-18 was slightly better than that of OWT-6 because of the longer withering time and more thorough substance transformation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the formation of honey flavor in beauty tea may be closely related to the DEGs and DMs in these three pathways. Our research provides theoretical data support for further revealing the mechanism of quality formation during the withering process of beauty tea. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Ding
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Fujian University Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Fujian University Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Fujian University Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sitong Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Fujian University Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pengchun Li
- Fujian Jiangshan Meiren Tea Co., Ltd, Sanming, China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Fujian University Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Fujian Fengyuan Tea Industry Co., Ltd, Sanming, China
| | - Shan Jin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Fujian University Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fuzhou, China
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Hu X, Zhu T, Min X, He J, Hou C, Liu X. Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Puerarin Biosynthesis in Pueraria montana var. thomsonii at Different Growth Stages. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2230. [PMID: 38137052 PMCID: PMC10742406 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, a class of isoflavonoid compounds concentrated in the roots of Puerarias, has antipyretic, sedative, and coronary blood-flow-increasing properties. Although the biosynthetic pathways of puerarin have been investigated by previous researchers, studies focusing on the influence of different growth stages on the accumulation of metabolites in the puerarin pathway are not detailed, and it is still controversial at the last step of the 8-C-glycosylation reaction. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the metabolomic and transcriptomic changes in Pueraria montana var. thomsonii during two growing years, focusing on the vigorous growth and dormant stages, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms governing the changes in metabolite and gene expression within the puerarin biosynthesis pathway. In a comparison of the two growth stages in the two groups, puerarin and daidzin, the main downstream metabolites in the puerarin biosynthesis pathway, were found to accumulate mainly during the vigorous growth stage. We also identified 67 common differentially expressed genes in this pathway based on gene expression differences at different growth stages. Furthermore, we identified four candidate 8-C-GT genes that potentially contribute to the conversion of daidzein into puerarin and eight candidate 7-O-GT genes that may be involved in the conversion of daidzein into daidzin. A co-expression network analysis of important UGTs and HIDs along with daidzein and puerarin was conducted. Overall, our study contributes to the knowledge of puerarin biosynthesis and offers information about the stage at which the 8-C-glycosylation reaction occurs in biosynthesis. These findings provide valuable insights into the cultivation and quality enhancement of Pueraria montana var. thomsonii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xia Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.H.); (T.Z.); (X.M.); (J.H.); (C.H.)
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11
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Wang S, Gu H, Chen S, Li Y, Shen J, Wang Y, Ding Z. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics reveal the different drought-responsive mechanisms of priming with (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate in two tea cultivars. J Proteomics 2023; 289:105010. [PMID: 37797878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Drought is an important abiotic stress that constrains the quality and quantity of tea plants. The green leaf volatiles Z-3-hexenyl acetate (Z-3-HAC) have been reported to play an essential role in stress responses. However, the underlying mechanisms of drought tolerance in tea plants remain elusive. This study investigated the physiological, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic profiling of two tea plant varieties of Longjingchangye (LJCY) and Zhongcha 108 (ZC108) with contrasting drought tolerance characteristics under drought stress. Physiological data showed that spraying Z-3-HAC exhibited higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in both LJCY and ZC108 but lower content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in LJCY under drought stress. The proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis suggested that the drought tolerance mechanism of Z-3-HAC in LJCY and ZC108 was different. Proteomic analyses revealed that Z-3-HAC enhanced the drought tolerance of LJCY by fructose metabolism while enhancing the drought tolerance of ZC108 by promoting glucan biosynthesis and galactose metabolism. Furthermore, the differential abundance phosphoproteins (DAPPs) related to intracellular protein transmembrane transport and protein transmembrane transport were enriched in LJCY, and the regulation of response to osmotic stress and regulation of mRNA processing were enriched in ZC108. In addition, protein-phosphoprotein interactions (PPI) analyses suggested that energy metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolic processes might play critical roles in LJCY and ZC108, respectively. These results will help to understand the mechanisms by which Z-3-HAC enhances the drought resistance of tea plants at the protein level. SIGNIFICANT: Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are important volatile organic compounds that play essential roles in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. To understand the mechanisms of Z-3-HAC in improving the drought tolerance of tea plants, two contrasting drought tolerance varieties (LJCY and ZC108) were comparatively evaluated by proteomics and phosphoproteomics. This analysis evidenced changes in the abundance of proteins involved in energy metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolic processes in LJCY and ZC108, respectively. These proteins may elucidate new molecular aspects of the drought resistance mechanism of Z-3-HAC, providing a theoretical basis for drought resistance breeding of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Honglian Gu
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sizhou Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiazhi Shen
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
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12
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Wu D, Lu Y, Ma L, Cheng J, Wang X. Preparation and Molecular Structural Characterization of Fulvic Acid Extracted from Different Types of Peat. Molecules 2023; 28:6780. [PMID: 37836622 PMCID: PMC10574745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic acid is a type of polymeric, organic weak acid mixture with a core aromatic structure and main-component oxygen-containing functional group. Fulvic acid is a type of humic substance that can be dissolved in acid, alkali, or water. This study discusses the influence of different peptides on the molecular structure of fulvic acid, which was extracted from herbaceous, woody, and mossy peats using alkaline dissolution and acid precipitation methods. Analyses using infrared, UV-Vis, 13C-NMR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD), were conducted to compare the effects of different peat types on the content and molecular structure of fulvic acid. The woody peat fulvic acid content was the highest among all peat fulvic acids (0.38%). However, the yield of fulvic acid from herbaceous peat was the highest (2.53%). Herbaceous peat fulvic acid contains significant quantities of carbonyl, amino, methylene, carboxyl, and phenolic hydroxyl groups and ether bonds. Woody peat fulvic acid contains carbonyl and methoxy groups, benzenes, aromatic carbons, aromatic ethers, and phenols. The degree of aromatization of woody peat fulvic acid was the highest. Mossy peat fulvic acid contains high levels of hydroxy, methyl, methylene, and phenol groups and aromatic ethers. The structural differences in fulvic acids in the different types of peat were primarily manifested in the content of functional groups, with little influence from the types of functional groups. XRD analysis of the different peats revealed that their structures all comprised benzene rings. However, mossy peat contained more C=O and -COOH groups, whereas herbaceous peat contained more C-O groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanan Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Litong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Bio-Coal Chemical Industry, Baotou 014010, China
- Laboratory of Low Rank Coal Carbon Neutralization, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Jianguo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Bio-Coal Chemical Industry, Baotou 014010, China
- Laboratory of Low Rank Coal Carbon Neutralization, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Bio-Coal Chemical Industry, Baotou 014010, China
- Laboratory of Low Rank Coal Carbon Neutralization, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
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13
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Li H, Song K, Zhang X, Wang D, Dong S, Liu Y, Yang L. Application of Multi-Perspectives in Tea Breeding and the Main Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12643. [PMID: 37628823 PMCID: PMC10454712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea plants are an economically important crop and conducting research on tea breeding contributes to enhancing the yield and quality of tea leaves as well as breeding traits that satisfy the requirements of the public. This study reviews the current status of tea plants germplasm resources and their utilization, which has provided genetic material for the application of multi-omics, including genomics and transcriptomics in breeding. Various molecular markers for breeding were designed based on multi-omics, and available approaches in the direction of high yield, quality and resistance in tea plants breeding are proposed. Additionally, future breeding of tea plants based on single-cellomics, pangenomics, plant-microbe interactions and epigenetics are proposed and provided as references. This study aims to provide inspiration and guidance for advancing the development of genetic breeding in tea plants, as well as providing implications for breeding research in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Long Yang
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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14
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Khoo YW, Chong KP. Ganoderma boninense: general characteristics of pathogenicity and methods of control. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1156869. [PMID: 37492765 PMCID: PMC10363743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1156869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma boninense (G. boninense) is a soil-borne fungus threatening oil palm at the present. It causes basal stem rot disease on oil palm. Within six months, this fungus can cause an oil palm plantation to suffer a significant 43% economic loss. The high persistence and nature of spread of G. boninense in soil make control of the disease challenging. Therefore, controlling the pathogen requires a thorough understanding of the mechanisms that underlie pathogenicity as well as its interactions with host plants. In this paper, we present the general characteristics, the pathogenic mechanisms, and the host's defensive system of G. boninense. We also review upcoming and most promising techniques for disease management that will have the least negative effects on the environment and natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei Khoo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Khim Phin Chong
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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15
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Jesmin A, Anh LH, Mai NP, Khanh TD, Xuan TD. Fulvic Acid Improves Salinity Tolerance of Rice Seedlings: Evidence from Phenotypic Performance, Relevant Phenolic Acids, and Momilactones. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2359. [PMID: 37375984 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a severe stress that causes serious losses in rice production worldwide. This study, for the first time, investigated the effects of fulvic acid (FA) with various concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mL/L on the ability of three rice varieties, Koshihikari, Nipponbare, and Akitakomachi, to cope with a 10 dS/m salinity level. The results show that the T3 treatment (0.25 mL/L FA) is the most effective in stimulating the salinity tolerance of all three varieties by enhancing their growth performance. T3 also promotes phenolic accumulation in all three varieties. In particular, salicylic acid, a well-known salt-stress-resistant substance, is found to increase during salinity stress in Nipponbare and Akitakomachi treated with T3 by 88% and 60%, respectively, compared to crops receiving salinity treatment alone. Noticeably, the levels of momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) fall in salt-affected rice. However, their levels markedly rise in rice treated with T3 (by 50.49% and 32.20%, respectively, in Nipponbare, and by 67.76% and 47.27%, respectively, in Akitakomachi), compared to crops receiving salinity treatment alone. This implies that momilactone levels are proportional to rice tolerance against salinity. Our findings suggest that FA (0.25 mL/L) can effectively improve the salinity tolerance of rice seedlings even in the presence of a strong salt stress of 10 dS/m. Further studies on FA application in salt-affected rice fields should be conducted to confirm its practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akter Jesmin
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
- Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - La Hoang Anh
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
- Center for the Planetary Health and Innovation Science (PHIS), The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Nguyen Phuong Mai
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Tran Dang Khanh
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 122000, Vietnam
- Center for Agricultural Innovation, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
- Center for the Planetary Health and Innovation Science (PHIS), The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
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16
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Ju Y, Wang W, Yue X, Xue W, Zhang Y, Fang Y. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the mechanism underlying the accumulation of anthocyanins and other flavonoids in the flesh and skin of teinturier grapes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107667. [PMID: 37001306 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Vitis vinifera 'Yan73' is a teinturier grape cultivar with red flesh. To explore the mechanism of berry color development, we performed an integrated flavonoid-targeted analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome of the skin and flesh of Yan73 berries collected at three phenological stages (E-L 31, E-L 35, and E-L 38). We identified 234 flavonoid-related metabolites, including 61 flavonols, 22 anthocyanins, and 61 other flavonoids. Most flavonoid metabolites accumulated continuously during berry development and attained the highest contents in the skin at E-L 38. The transcript level of crucial genes (C4H, CHS, and GST) was highest in the skin at E-L 38. Seventeen distinct modules were identified in a weighted gene correlation network analysis. The MEcoral1 module was probably correlated with flavonoid metabolism and comprised 623 unigenes. The findings provide insights into the regulation of flavonoid metabolites during berry development of Yan73 grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlun Ju
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A & F University, Heyang, Shaanxi, 715300, China.
| | - Wanni Wang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yue
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Wen Xue
- Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yulin Zhang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yulin Fang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A & F University, Heyang, Shaanxi, 715300, China.
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17
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Li Y, Tian Q, Wang Z, Li J, Liu S, Chang R, Chen H, Liu G. Integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics of peach under cold stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1153902. [PMID: 37051086 PMCID: PMC10083366 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1153902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is one of the environmental factors that restrict the growth and geographical distribution of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch). To explore the molecular mechanisms of peach brunches in response to cold, we analyzed the metabolomics and transcriptomics of 'Donghe No.1' (cold-tolerant, CT) and '21st Century' (cold-sensitive, CS) treated by different temperatures (-5 to -30°C) for 12 h. Some cold-responsive metabolites (e.g., saccharides, phenolic acids and flavones) were identified with upregulation only in CT. Further, we identified 1991 cold tolerance associated genes in these samples and they were significantly enriched in the pathways of 'galactose metabolism', 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis' and 'flavonoids biosynthesis'. Weighted gene correlation network analysis showed that soluble sugar, flavone, and lignin biosynthetic associated genes might play a key role in the cold tolerance of peach. In addition, several key genes (e.g., COMT, CCR, CAD, PER and F3'H) were substantially expressed more in CT than CS under cold stress, indicating that they might be major factors during the adaptation of peach to low temperature. This study will not only improve our understanding towards the molecular mechanisms of peach trees under cold stress but also contribute to the screening and breeding program of peach in the future.
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Chen J, Mei S, Zheng P, Guo J, Zeng Z, Lu H, Sun B. A multi-omics view of the preservation effect on Camellia sinensis leaves during low temperature postharvest transportation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Li S, Zhang K, Tian J, Chang K, Yuan S, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Zhong F. Fulvic acid mitigates cadmium toxicity-induced damage in cucumber seedlings through the coordinated interaction of antioxidant enzymes, organic acid, and amino acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28780-28790. [PMID: 36401696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA) can significantly alleviate cadmium (Cd) stress, but the specific metabolic response of FA to Cd toxicity is still not clarified. In the present study, we used untargeted metabolomic [gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)] analysis to profile cucumber metabolism in response to Cd stress after spray application of FA. Our results showed that 331 differentially enriched metabolites (DEMs) were identified in leaf materials. These DEMs were enriched in 21 shared pathways in comparative groups of "Cd treatment vs. the control treatment" and "FA + Cd treatment vs. the Cd treatment." Specifically, treatment with FA significantly enhanced the organic acid content (citric acid, isocitric acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid), which would contribute to provide sufficient substrates for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and amino acid biosynthesis, thereby ensuring the normal production of energy and amino acid. At the same time, FA significantly increased the amino acid content (aspartate, citrulline, histidine, leucine, and phenylalanine). The accumulation of organic acid and amino acid can act as chelating agents for heavy metal ions and as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing intracellular oxidative damage. Furthermore, the application of FA improves antioxidant enzymes and accelerates ROS clearance. The improved contents of organic acid and amino acid, and the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes both played a central role in the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA, 14.08%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 61.70%) contents, and superoxide anion radical (O2-, 30.41%) production rate in plants under Cd stress. Taken together, the present study demonstrates the effects of FA on the antioxidant capacity and carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism of cucumber seedlings exposed to Cd stress, which provides comprehensive insights into the regulation of plants' response to Cd toxicity with FA was applied in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tian
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaizhen Chang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglin Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
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Jiao Z, Shi Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhang X, Jia X, Du Q, Niu J, Liu B, Du R, Ji G, Cao J, Lv P. Integration of transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveals sorghum roots responding to cadmium stress through regulation of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1144265. [PMID: 36909379 PMCID: PMC9996021 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1144265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a serious threat to plant growth and human health. Although the mechanisms controlling the Cd response have been elucidated in other species, they remain unknown in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), an important C4 cereal crop. Here, one-week-old sorghum seedlings were exposed to different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 150 μM) of CdCl2 and the effects of these different concentrations on morphological responses were evaluated. Cd stress significantly decreased the activities of the enzymes peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, leading to inhibition of plant height, decreases in lateral root density and plant biomass production. Based on these results, 10 μM Cd concentration was chosen for further transcription and metabolic analyses. A total of 2683 genes and 160 metabolites were found to have significant differential abundances between the control and Cd-treated groups. Multi-omics integrative analysis revealed that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway plays a critical role in regulating Cd stress responses in sorghum. These results provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the response of sorghum to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Jiao
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement center/ Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yannan Shi
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement center/ Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement center/ Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement center/ Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement center/ Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinyue Jia
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement center/ Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Du
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement center/ Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingtian Niu
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement center/ Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bocheng Liu
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement center/ Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruiheng Du
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement center/ Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guisu Ji
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement center/ Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junfeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement center/ Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Comparative Metabolomic Studies of Siberian Wildrye ( Elymus sibiricus L.): A New Look at the Mechanism of Plant Drought Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010452. [PMID: 36613896 PMCID: PMC9820681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important factors affecting plant growth and production due to ongoing global climate change. Elymus sibiricus has been widely applied for ecological restoration and reseeding of degraded grassland in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) because of its strong adaptability to barren, salted, and drought soils. To explore the mechanism of drought resistance in E. sibiricus, drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes of E. sibiricus were used in metabolomic studies under simulated long-term and short-term drought stress. A total of 1091 metabolites were detected, among which, 27 DMs were considered to be the key metabolites for drought resistance of E. sibiricus in weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Ten metabolites, including 3-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid, coniferin, R-aminobutyrate, and so on, and 12 metabolites, including L-Proline, L-histidine, N-acetylglycine, and so on, showed differential accumulation patterns under short-term and long-term drought stress, respectively, and thus, could be used as biomarkers for drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive E. sibiricus. In addition, different metabolic accumulation patterns and different drought response mechanisms were also found in drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes of E. sibiricus. Finally, we constructed metabolic pathways and metabolic patterns for the two genotypes. This metabolomic study on the drought stress response of E. sibiricus can provide resources and a reference for the breeding of new drought-tolerant cultivars of E. sibiricus.
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Unveils the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Sepal Colour Changes under Acidic pH Substratum in Hydrangea macrophylla. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315428. [PMID: 36499756 PMCID: PMC9739076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb). Ser.), an ornamental plant, has good marketing potential and is known for its capacity to change the colour of its inflorescence depending on the pH of the cultivation media. The molecular mechanisms causing these changes are still uncertain. In the present study, transcriptome and targeted metabolic profiling were used to identify molecular changes in the RNAome of hydrangea plants cultured at two different pH levels. De novo assembly yielded 186,477 unigenes. Transcriptomic datasets provided a comprehensive and systemic overview of the dynamic networks of the gene expression underlying flower colour formation in hydrangeas. Weighted analyses of gene co-expression network identified candidate genes and hub genes from the modules linked closely to the hyper accumulation of Al3+ during different stages of flower development. F3'5'H, ANS, FLS, CHS, UA3GT, CHI, DFR, and F3H were enhanced significantly in the modules. In addition, MYB, bHLH, PAL6, PAL9, and WD40 were identified as hub genes. Thus, a hypothesis elucidating the colour change in the flowers of Al3+-treated plants was established. This study identified many potential key regulators of flower pigmentation, providing novel insights into the molecular networks in hydrangea flowers.
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Li M, Li H, Sun A, Wang L, Ren C, Liu J, Gao X. Transcriptome analysis reveals key drought-stress-responsive genes in soybean. Front Genet 2022; 13:1060529. [PMID: 36518213 PMCID: PMC9742610 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1060529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is the most common environmental stress and has had dramatic impacts on soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and yield worldwide. Therefore, to investigate the response mechanism underlying soybean resistance to drought stress, the drought-sensitive cultivar "Liaodou 15" was exposed to 7 (mild drought stress, LD), 17 (moderate drought stress, MD) and 27 (severe drought stress, SD) days of drought stress at the flowering stage followed by rehydration until harvest. A total of 2214, 3684 and 2985 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LD/CK1, MD/CK2, and SD/CK3, respectively, were identified by RNA-seq. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed the drought-response TFs such as WRKY (Glyma.15G021900, Glyma.15G006800), MYB (Glyma.15G190100, Glyma.15G237900), and bZIP (Glyma.15G114800), which may be regulated soybean drought resistance. Second, Glyma.08G176300 (NCED1), Glyma.03G222600 (SDR), Glyma.02G048400 (F3H), Glyma.14G221200 (CAD), Glyma.14G205200 (C4H), Glyma.19G105100 (CHS), Glyma.07G266200 (VTC) and Glyma.15G251500 (GST), which are involved in ABA and flavonoid biosynthesis and ascorbic acid and glutathione metabolism, were identified, suggesting that these metabolic pathways play key roles in the soybean response to drought. Finally, the soybean yield after rehydration was reduced by 50% under severe drought stress. Collectively, our study deepens the understanding of soybean drought resistance mechanisms and provides a theoretical basis for the soybean drought resistance molecular breeding and effectively adjusts water-saving irrigation for soybean under field production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Li
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hainan Li
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anni Sun
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanyou Ren
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xining Gao
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Disasters, Shenyang, China
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24
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Integrated Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Difference in Flavonoid Biosynthesis between the Red- and White-Sarcocarp Pomelo Fruits. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121161. [PMID: 36557200 PMCID: PMC9782486 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are bioactive secondary metabolites that play multiple roles in plants. However, studies on the flavonoid accumulation of the pomelo fruit are rare. In this study, we conducted a widely targeted metabolome analysis by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry and identified 550 metabolites in the sarcocarp from red (C. maxima Merr. var. Tubtim Siam) and white pomelos (C. maxima (Burm.) Osbeck). A total of 263 significantly changed metabolites were detected from the 550 metabolites. Content analysis of the significantly changed metabolites (SCMs) showed that 138 SCMs were highly accumulated, whereas 125 SCMs were observed with lower content in red-sarcocarp pomelo. Importantly, 103 of the 263 SCMs were flavonoids, including 34 flavonoids, 29 flavonols, 18 flavonoid carbonosides, 9 dihydroflavones, 6 isoflavones, 5 anthocyanins, 1 dihydroflavonol, and 1 chalcone. Gene ontology analysis indicated that upregulated genes in red-sarcocarp pomelo were significantly enriched in GO terms related to flavonoids including flavonoid biosynthetic processes. Several important differentially expressed genes were detected in the correlation network, especially Cg2g009540 which is an orthologous gene of AtCHS, also detected in flavonoid biosynthesis networks, and which could be related to the high level of total flavonoids in the red-sarcocarp pomelo. Our study demonstrated the fluctuation of flavonoid biosynthesis in the two pomelo cultivars and laid a theoretical foundation for pomelo breeding to generate fruits with a high flavonoid content.
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Shomali A, Das S, Arif N, Sarraf M, Zahra N, Yadav V, Aliniaeifard S, Chauhan DK, Hasanuzzaman M. Diverse Physiological Roles of Flavonoids in Plant Environmental Stress Responses and Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223158. [PMID: 36432887 PMCID: PMC9699315 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are characterized as the low molecular weight polyphenolic compounds universally distributed in planta. They are a chemically varied group of secondary metabolites with a broad range of biological activity. The increasing amount of evidence has demonstrated the various physiological functions of flavonoids in stress response. In this paper, we provide a brief introduction to flavonoids' biochemistry and biosynthesis. Then, we review the recent findings on the alternation of flavonoid content under different stress conditions to come up with an overall picture of the mechanism of involvement of flavonoids in plants' response to various abiotic stresses. The participation of flavonoids in antioxidant systems, flavonoid-mediated response to different abiotic stresses, the involvement of flavonoids in stress signaling networks, and the physiological response of plants under stress conditions are discussed in this review. Moreover, molecular and genetic approaches to tailoring flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation under abiotic stress are addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Shomali
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, University of Tehran, Tehran 33916-53755, Iran
| | - Susmita Das
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Namira Arif
- D. D. Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
- Faculty of Environmental Studies, Dehli School of Journalism, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mohammad Sarraf
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43311, Iran
| | - Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, Government College for Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Vaishali Yadav
- Department of Botany, Multanimal Modi College Modinagar, Ghaziabad 201204, India
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, University of Tehran, Tehran 33916-53755, Iran
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- D. D. Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Huan X, Li L, Liu Y, Kong Z, Liu Y, Wang Q, Liu J, Zhang P, Guo Y, Qin P. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics to analyze quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) responses to drought stress and rewatering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:988861. [PMID: 36388589 PMCID: PMC9645111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.988861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The crop production of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), the only plant meeting basic human nutritional requirements, is affected by drought stress. To better understand the drought tolerance mechanism of quinoa, we screened the drought-tolerant quinoa genotype "Dianli 129" and studied the seedling leaves of the drought-tolerant quinoa genotype after drought and rewatering treatments using transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics. Drought-treatment, drought control, rewatering-treated, and rewatered control were named as DR, DC, RW, and RC, respectively. Among four comparison groups, DC vs. DR, RC vs. RW, RW vs. DR, and RC vs. DC, we identified 10,292, 2,307, 12,368, and 3 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 215, 192, 132, and 19 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), respectively. A total of 38,670 genes and 142 pathways were annotated. The results of transcriptome and metabolome association analysis showed that gene-LOC110713661 and gene-LOC110738152 may be the key genes for drought tolerance in quinoa. Some metabolites accumulated in quinoa leaves in response to drought stress, and the plants recovered after rewatering. DEGs and DEMs participate in starch and sucrose metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis, which are vital for improving drought tolerance in quinoa. Drought tolerance of quinoa was correlated with gene expression differences, metabolite accumulation and good recovery after rewatering. These findings improve our understanding of drought and rewatering responses in quinoa and have implications for the breeding of new drought-tolerance varieties while providing a theoretical basis for drought-tolerance varieties identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuju Huan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongjiang Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyou Kong
- College of Resources and Environment, Baoshan College, Baoshan, China
| | - Yeju Liu
- Graduate Office, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qianchao Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Junna Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yirui Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Qin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Rabieyan E, Bihamta MR, Moghaddam ME, Mohammadi V, Alipour H. Genome-wide association mapping for wheat morphometric seed traits in Iranian landraces and cultivars under rain-fed and well-watered conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17839. [PMID: 36284129 PMCID: PMC9596696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed traits in bread wheat are valuable to breeders and farmers, thus it is important exploring putative QTLs responsible for key traits to be used in breeding programs. GWAS was carried out using 298 bread wheat landraces and cultivars from Iran to uncover the genetic basis of seed characteristics in both rain-fed and well-watered environments. The analyses of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between marker pairs showed that the largest number of significant LDs in landraces (427,017) and cultivars (370,359) was recorded in genome B, and the strongest LD was identified on chromosome 4A (0.318). LD decay was higher in the B and A genomes, compared to the D genome. Mapping by using mrMLM (LOD > 3) and MLM (0.05/m, Bonferroni) led to 246 and 67 marker-trait associations (MTAs) under rain-fed, as well as 257 and 74 MTAs under well-watered conditions, respectively. The study found that 3VmrMLM correctly detected all types of loci and estimated their effects in an unbiased manner, with high power and accuracy and a low false positive rate, which led to the identification of 140 MTAs (LOD > 3) in all environments. Gene ontology revealed that 10 and 10 MTAs were found in protein-coding regions for rain-fed and well-watered conditions, respectively. The findings suggest that landraces studied in Iranian bread wheat germplasm possess valuable alleles, which are responsive to water-limited conditions. MTAs uncovered in this study can be exploited in the genome-mediated development of novel wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Rabieyan
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bihamta
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Esmaeilzadeh Moghaddam
- grid.473705.20000 0001 0681 7351Cereal Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Valiollah Mohammadi
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hadi Alipour
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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28
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Lin L, Wang J, Wang Q, Ji M, Hong S, Shang L, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Ma Q, Gu C. Transcriptome Approach Reveals the Response Mechanism of Heimia myrtifolia (Lythraceae, Myrtales) to Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:877913. [PMID: 35874015 PMCID: PMC9305661 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental condition that inhibits the development and cultivation of Heimia myrtifolia. The molecular processes of drought resistance in H. myrtifolia remain unknown, which has limited its application. In our study, transcriptome analyzes were compared across three treatment groups (CK, T1, and T2), to investigate the molecular mechanism of drought resistance. Plant leaves wilted and drooped as the duration of drought stress increased. The relative water content of the leaves declined dramatically, and relative electrolyte leakage rose progressively. Using an RNA-Seq approach, a total of 62,015 unigenes with an average length of 1730 bp were found, with 86.61% of them annotated to seven databases, and 14,272 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in drought stress. GO and KEGG enrichment analyzes of the DEGs revealed significantly enriched KEGG pathways, including photosynthesis, photosynthetic antenna proteins, plant hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. Abscisic acid signal transduction was the most prevalent in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, and other plant hormone signal transductions were also involved in the drought stress response. The transcription factors (including MYB, NAC, WRKY, and bHLH) and related differential genes on significantly enriched pathways all played important roles in the drought process, such as photosynthesis-related genes and antioxidant enzyme genes. In conclusion, this study will provide several genetic resources for further investigation of the molecular processes that will be beneficial to H. myrtifolia cultivation and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Wang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengcheng Ji
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sidan Hong
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linxue Shang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guozhe Zhang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Ma
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuihua Gu
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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Sun L, Liu L, Wang Y, Feng Y, Yang W, Wang D, Gao S, Miao X, Sun W. Integration of Metabolomics and Transcriptomics for Investigating the Tolerance of Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica) to Atrazine Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:890550. [PMID: 35755691 PMCID: PMC9226717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.890550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is a monotypic species widely planted in China. However, residual atrazine, a commonly used maize herbicide, in soil, is a major abiotic stress to millet. Here, we investigated atrazine tolerance in millet based on the field experiments, then obtained an atrazine-resistant variety (Gongai2, GA2) and an atrazine-sensitive variety (Longgu31, LG31). To examine the effects of atrazine on genes and metabolites in millet plants, we compared the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles between GA2 and LG31 seedling leaves. The results showed that 2,208 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 501 upregulated, 1,707 downregulated) and 192 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs; 82 upregulated, 110 downregulate) were identified in atrazine-treated GA2, while in atrazine-treated LG31, 1,773 DEGs (761 upregulated, 1,012 downregulated) and 215 DEMs (95 upregulated, 120 downregulated) were identified. The bioinformatics analysis of DEGs and DEMs showed that many biosynthetic metabolism pathways were significantly enriched in GA2 and LG31, such as glutathione metabolism (oxiglutatione, γ-glutamylcysteine; GSTU6, GSTU1, GSTF1), amino acid biosynthesis (L-cysteine, N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid; ArgB, GS, hisC, POX1), and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis [trans-5-o-(4-coumaroyl)shikimate; HST, C3'H]. Meanwhile, the co-expression analysis indicated that GA2 plants had enhanced atrazine tolerance owing to improved glutathione metabolism and proline biosynthesis, and the enrichment of scopoletin may help LG31 plants resist atrazine stress. Herein, we screened an atrazine-resistant millet variety and generated valuable information that may deepen our understanding of the complex molecular mechanism underlying the response to atrazine stress in millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Improvement and Cultivation in Cold Regions, Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Green Agriculture of Northeast Plain in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Libin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Improvement and Cultivation in Cold Regions, Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Green Agriculture of Northeast Plain in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Improvement and Cultivation in Cold Regions, Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Green Agriculture of Northeast Plain in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yanfei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Improvement and Cultivation in Cold Regions, Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Green Agriculture of Northeast Plain in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Improvement and Cultivation in Cold Regions, Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Green Agriculture of Northeast Plain in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Improvement and Cultivation in Cold Regions, Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Green Agriculture of Northeast Plain in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shuren Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Improvement and Cultivation in Cold Regions, Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Green Agriculture of Northeast Plain in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xingfen Miao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Improvement and Cultivation in Cold Regions, Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Green Agriculture of Northeast Plain in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Heilongjiang HYHC Company, Daqing, China
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Song JL, Wang ZY, Wang YH, Du J, Wang CY, Zhang XQ, Chen S, Huang XL, Xie XM, Zhong TX. Overexpression of Pennisetum purpureum CCoAOMT Contributes to Lignin Deposition and Drought Tolerance by Promoting the Accumulation of Flavonoids in Transgenic Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:884456. [PMID: 35620690 PMCID: PMC9129916 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.884456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) is a fast-growing and low-nutrient demand plant that is widely used as a forage grass and potential energy crop in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and the United States. Transgenic tobacco with the PpCCoAOMT gene from Pennisetum purpureum produces high lignin content that is associated with drought tolerance in relation to lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with higher antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment. In this study, transgenic tobacco plants revealed no obvious cost to plant growth when expressing the PpCCoAOMT gene. Metabolomic studies demonstrated that tobacco plants tolerant to drought stress accumulated flavonoids under normal and drought conditions, which likely explains the observed tolerance phenotype in wild-type tobacco. Our results suggest that plants overexpressing PpCCoAOMT were better able to cope with water deficit than were wild-type controls; metabolic flux was redirected within primary and specialized metabolism to induce metabolites related to defense to drought stress. These results could help to develop drought-resistant plants for agriculture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ling Song
- Office of Academic Research, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, China
| | - Ze-Yu Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Hua Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ming Xie
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Xiu Zhong
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
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Drought and UV Radiation Stress Tolerance in Rice Is Improved by Overaccumulation of Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Flavonoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050917. [PMID: 35624781 PMCID: PMC9137601 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought and ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation) are the coexisting environmental factors that negatively affect plant growth and development via oxidative damage. Flavonoids are reactive, scavenging oxygen species (ROS) and UV radiation-absorbing compounds generated under stress conditions. We investigated the biosynthesis of kaempferol and quercetin in wild and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) overexpresser rice plants when drought and UV radiation stress were imposed individually and together. Phenotypic variation indicated that both kinds of stress highly reduced rice plant growth parameters in wild plants as compared to transgenic plants. When combined, the stressors adversely affected rice plant growth parameters more than when they were imposed individually. Overaccumulation of kaempferol and quercetin in transgenic plants demonstrated that both flavonoids were crucial for enhanced tolerance to such stresses. Oxidative activity assays showed that kaempferol and quercetin overaccumulation with strong non-enzymatic antioxidant activity mitigated the accumulation of ROS under drought and UV radiation stress. Lower contents of salicylic acid (SA) in transgenic plants indicated that flavonoid accumulation reduced stress, which led to the accumulation of low levels of SA. Transcriptional regulation of the dehydrin (DHN) and ultraviolet-B resistance 8 (UVR8) genes showed significant increases in transgenic plants compared to wild plants under stress. Taken together, these results confirm the usefulness of kaempferol and quercetin in enhancing tolerance to both drought and UV radiation stress.
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Wang L, Xiong F, Zhao S, Yang Y, Zhou G. Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking to explore the potential mechanisms for the antioxidant activity of Rheum tanguticum seeds. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:121. [PMID: 35505340 PMCID: PMC9066831 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheum tanguticum (R. tanguticum) is an edible and medicinal plant that exhibits high antioxidant activity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the bioactive components of its seeds and the potential mechanisms of antioxidant activity to provide a foundation for further developmental work on R. tanguticum seeds as a functional food. Methods In this study, the antioxidant activities of R. tanguticum seeds were measured using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. LC-Q-TOF/MS was used to identify the active compounds in the seeds, and Swiss Target Prediction was used to identify their potential targets. The DisGENET, DrugBank, OMIM and GeneCard databases were used to search for antioxidant-related targets. Results The component–target–pathway network was constructed and included 5 compounds and 9 target genes. The hub genes included ESR1, APP, MAPK8, HSP90AA1, AKT1, MMP2, PTGS2, TGFB1 and JUN. The antioxidant activity signaling pathways of the compounds for the treatment of diseases were the cancer signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, colorectal cancer signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, etc. Molecular docking revealed that the compounds in R. tanguticum seeds could inhibit potential targets (AKT1, ESR1 and PTGS2). Conclusion Molecular docking studies revealed that the binding energy score between liriodenine and PTGS2 was the highest (8.16), followed by that of chrysophanol (7.10). This result supports the potential for PTGS2-targeted drug screening and design. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03611-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
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Plant Secondary Metabolites Produced in Response to Abiotic Stresses Has Potential Application in Pharmaceutical Product Development. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010313. [PMID: 35011546 PMCID: PMC8746929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are vital for human health and constitute the skeletal framework of many pharmaceutical drugs. Indeed, more than 25% of the existing drugs belong to PSMs. One of the continuing challenges for drug discovery and pharmaceutical industries is gaining access to natural products, including medicinal plants. This bottleneck is heightened for endangered species prohibited for large sample collection, even if they show biological hits. While cultivating the pharmaceutically interesting plant species may be a solution, it is not always possible to grow the organism outside its natural habitat. Plants affected by abiotic stress present a potential alternative source for drug discovery. In order to overcome abiotic environmental stressors, plants may mount a defense response by producing a diversity of PSMs to avoid cells and tissue damage. Plants either synthesize new chemicals or increase the concentration (in most instances) of existing chemicals, including the prominent bioactive lead compounds morphine, camptothecin, catharanthine, epicatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, resveratrol, and kaempferol. Most PSMs produced under various abiotic stress conditions are plant defense chemicals and are functionally anti-inflammatory and antioxidative. The major PSM groups are terpenoids, followed by alkaloids and phenolic compounds. We have searched the literature on plants affected by abiotic stress (primarily studied in the simulated growth conditions) and their PSMs (including pharmacological activities) from PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE Ovid, Google Scholar, Databases, and journal websites. We used search keywords: "stress-affected plants," "plant secondary metabolites, "abiotic stress," "climatic influence," "pharmacological activities," "bioactive compounds," "drug discovery," and "medicinal plants" and retrieved published literature between 1973 to 2021. This review provides an overview of variation in bioactive phytochemical production in plants under various abiotic stress and their potential in the biodiscovery of therapeutic drugs. We excluded studies on the effects of biotic stress on PSMs.
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Zhang G, Yu Z, Zhang L, Yao B, Luo X, Xiao M, Wen D. Physiological and proteomic analyses reveal the effects of exogenous nitrogen in diminishing Cd detoxification in Acacia auriculiformis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113057. [PMID: 34883325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has toxic effects on plants. Nitrogen (N), an essential element, is critical for plant growth, development and stress response. However, their combined effects on woody plants, especially in N-fixing tree species is still poorly understood. Our previous study revealed that the fast-growing Acacia auriculiformis showed strong Cd tolerance but the underlying mechanisms was not clear, which constrained its use in mine land reclamation. Herein, we investigated the physiological and proteomic changes in A. auriculiformis leaves to reveal the mechanisms of Cd tolerance and toxicity without N fertilizer (treatment Cd) and with excess N fertilizer (treatment CdN). Results showed that Cd tolerance in A. auriculiformis was closely associated with the coordinated gas exchange and antioxidant defense reactions under Cd treatment alone. Exogenous excessive N, however, inhibited plant growth, increased Cd concentrations, and weaken photosynthetic performance, thus, aggregated the toxicity under Cd stress. Furthermore, the aggregated Cd toxicity was attributed to the depression in the abundance of proteins, as well as their corresponding genes, involved in photosynthesis, energy metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation, carbon metabolism, etc.), defense and stress response (antioxidants, flavonoids, etc.), plant hormone signal transduction (MAPK, STN, etc.), and ABC transporters. Collectively, this study unveils a previously unknown physiological and proteomic network that explains N diminishes Cd detoxification in A. auriculiformis. It may be counterproductive to apply N fertilizer to fast-growing, N-fixing trees planted for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, PR China
| | - Zhenming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, PR China.
| | - Bo Yao
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Xianzhen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, PR China
| | - Meijuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, PR China
| | - Dazhi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, PR China.
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Transcriptome Reveals the Dynamic Response Mechanism of Pearl Millet Roots under Drought Stress. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121988. [PMID: 34946937 PMCID: PMC8701094 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major threat to global agricultural production that limits the growth, development and survival rate of plants, leading to tremendous losses in yield. Pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone) has an excellent drought tolerance, and is an ideal plant material for studying the drought resistance of cereal crops. The roots are crucial organs of plants that experience drought stress, and the roots can sense and respond to such conditions. In this study, we explored the mechanism of drought tolerance of pearl millet by comparing transcriptomic data under normal conditions and drought treatment at four time points (24 h, 48 h, 96 h, and 144 h) in the roots during the seedling stage. A total of 1297, 2814, 7401, and 14,480 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found at 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, and 144 h, respectively. Based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses, we found that many DEGs participated in plant hormone-related signaling pathways and the "oxidoreductase activity" pathway. These results should provide a theoretical basis to enhance drought resistance in other plant species.
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Zhang Y, He J, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wan S, Liu L, Dong Y, Liu H, Yu Y. CsGSTU8, a Glutathione S-Transferase From Camellia sinensis, Is Regulated by CsWRKY48 and Plays a Positive Role in Drought Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:795919. [PMID: 34956295 PMCID: PMC8696008 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.795919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a large family of enzymes with a wide range of cellular functions. Recently, plant GSTs have gained a great deal of attention due to their involvement in the detoxification of electrophilic xenobiotics and peroxides under adverse environmental conditions, such as salt, cold, UV-B and drought stress. A previous study reported that a GST gene (CsGSTU8) in tea plant was distinctly induced in response to drought, suggesting this gene plays a critical role in the drought stress response. In this study, by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter lines, we further demonstrated that CsGSTU8 was upregulated in response to drought stress and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Overexpression of CsGSTU8 in Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced drought tolerance as indicated by the improved scavenging of excess amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under drought conditions. Furthermore, we found that CsWRKY48 acts as a transcriptional activator and that its expression is induced in response to drought stress and ABA treatment. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), dual-luciferase (LUC) assays and transient expression assays in tea plant leaves revealed that CsWRKY48 directly binds to the W-box elements in the promoter of CsGSTU8 and activates its expression. Taken together, our results provide additional knowledge of drought stress responses in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Youben Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Lv Z, Zhang C, Shao C, Liu B, Liu E, Yuan D, Zhou Y, Shen C. Research progress on the response of tea catechins to drought stress. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5305-5313. [PMID: 34031895 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress (DS) is the most important abiotic stress affecting yield and quality of tea worldwide. DS causes oxidative stress to cells due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As non-enzymatic antioxidants, tea catechins can scavenge excess ROS in response to DS. Further, catechin accumulation contributes to the formation of oxidative polymerization products (e.g. theaflavins and thearubigins) that improve the quality of black tea. However, there are no systematic reports on the response of tea catechins to DS. First, we reviewed the available literature on the response of tea plants to DS. Second, we summarized the current knowledge of ROS production in tea leaves under DS and typical antioxidant response mechanisms. Third, we conducted a detailed review of the changes in catechin levels in tea under different drought conditions. We found that the total amounts of catechin and o-quinone increased under DS conditions. We propose that the possible mechanisms underlying tea catechin accumulation under DS conditions include (i) autotrophic formation of o-quinone, (ii) polymerization of proanthocyanidins that directly scavenge excess ROS, and (iii) formation of metal ion complexes and by influencing the antioxidant systems that indirectly eliminate excess ROS. Finally, we discuss ways of potentially improving black tea quality using drought before picking in the summer/fall dry season. In summary, we mainly discuss the antioxidant mechanisms of tea catechins under DS and the possibility of using drought to improve black tea quality. Our review provides a theoretical basis for the production of high-quality black tea under DS conditions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Baogui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Enshuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Danni Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuebing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Wang X, Yao Y, Wang G, Ma J, Yin C, Chen X, Mao Z. Comprehensive Analysis of the Influence of Fulvic Acid from Paper Mill Effluent on Soil Properties, Soil Microbiome, and Growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. Seedlings under Replant Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:24027-24038. [PMID: 34568681 PMCID: PMC8459433 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the potential regulatory effects of fulvic acid extracted from paper mill effluent (PFA) in apple replant disease (ARD) were investigated through a comprehensive experimental evaluation of the effects of PFA on soil properties, growth inhibition of apple replant pathogens, and growth of replanted Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings. PFA with a relatively lower molecular weight was mainly composed of carbohydrates, lignin derivatives, and polysaccharides and was rich in functional groups such as carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups. Treatment with PFA dosages ranging from 2 to 3 g/pot significantly increased available phosphorus (P) in soil by 47.5 to 57.5% when compared with the control without PFA, indicating that PFA had a positive effect in activating P. In addition, PFA stimulated the growth of replanted seedlings by promoting root elongation, enhancing leaf photosynthesis, and increasing the activity of root antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase. However, no convincing evidence was found that application of different dosages of PFA had remarkable effects on soil pH, inorganic nitrogen, available potassium, organic matter, and the numbers of bacteria and fungi. Notably, PFA had no effect on the copy number of the main pathogenic fungi causing ARD, including Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium proliferatum, and Fusarium moniliforme. Overall, PFA can alleviate ARD to a certain extent mainly through its effects on improving the resilience of replanted young seedlings rather than by affecting soil microorganisms or providing nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- College
of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop
Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer
Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer
Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Guiwei Wang
- College
of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinzhao Ma
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow
River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Chengmiao Yin
- College
of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop
Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College
of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop
Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- College
of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop
Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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Chen Y, Yi N, Yao SB, Zhuang J, Fu Z, Ma J, Yin S, Jiang X, Liu Y, Gao L, Xia T. CsHCT-Mediated Lignin Synthesis Pathway Involved in the Response of Tea Plants to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10069-10081. [PMID: 34410120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that phenolic compounds such as lignin and flavonoids enhance plant resistance. Tea plants are rich in flavonoid compounds. Whether these compounds are related to tea plant resistance is unclear. In this study, an interesting conclusion was drawn on the basis of experimental results: in response to abiotic stress (except for sucrose treatment), gene expression was increased in the phenylpropanoid and lignin pathways and was reduced in the flavonoid pathway in tea plants. CsHCTs, the genes located at the branch point of the lignin and flavonoid pathways, are most suitable for regulating the ratio of carbon flow in the lignin pathway and flavonoid synthesis. Enzymatic and genetic modification experiments proved that CsHCTs encode hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the genetic modification results showed that the contents of phenolic acids and lignin were increased in tobacco and Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CsHCTs, whereas the content of flavonol glycosides was decreased. Both types of transgenic plants showed resistance to many abiotic stresses and bacterial infections. We speculate that CsHCTs participate in regulation of the metabolic flow of carbon from the flavonoid pathway to the chlorogenic acid, caffeoylshikimic acid, and lignin pathways to increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Ning Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Sheng Bo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Juhua Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Zhouping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shixin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
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40
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Baltazar M, Correia S, Guinan KJ, Sujeeth N, Bragança R, Gonçalves B. Recent Advances in the Molecular Effects of Biostimulants in Plants: An Overview. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081096. [PMID: 34439763 PMCID: PMC8394449 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As the world develops and population increases, so too does the demand for higher agricultural output with lower resources. Plant biostimulants appear to be one of the more prominent sustainable solutions, given their natural origin and their potential to substitute conventional methods in agriculture. Classified based on their source rather than constitution, biostimulants such as humic substances (HS), protein hydrolysates (PHs), seaweed extracts (SWE) and microorganisms have a proven potential in improving plant growth, increasing crop production and quality, as well as ameliorating stress effects. However, the multi-molecular nature and varying composition of commercially available biostimulants presents challenges when attempting to elucidate their underlying mechanisms. While most research has focused on the broad effects of biostimulants in crops, recent studies at the molecular level have started to unravel the pathways triggered by certain products at the cellular and gene level. Understanding the molecular influences involved could lead to further refinement of these treatments. This review comprises the most recent findings regarding the use of biostimulants in plants, with particular focus on reports of their molecular influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Baltazar
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.C.); (B.G.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Sofia Correia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.C.); (B.G.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Kieran J. Guinan
- BioAtlantis Ltd., Clash Industrial Estate, Tralee, V92 RWV5 County Kerry, Ireland; (K.J.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Neerakkal Sujeeth
- BioAtlantis Ltd., Clash Industrial Estate, Tralee, V92 RWV5 County Kerry, Ireland; (K.J.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Radek Bragança
- BioComposites Centre, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK;
| | - Berta Gonçalves
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.C.); (B.G.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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41
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Qiu C, Sun J, Shen J, Zhang S, Ding Y, Gai Z, Fan K, Song L, Chen B, Ding Z, Wang Y. Fulvic acid enhances drought resistance in tea plants by regulating the starch and sucrose metabolism and certain secondary metabolism. J Proteomics 2021; 247:104337. [PMID: 34298183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of fulvic acid on drought-exposed tea plants. We performed proteomic analysis of fulvic acid-treated tea leaves from the target plants using tandem mass tag quantitative labeling technology and compared the results with those of a previous transcriptomic analysis. We identified 48 and 611 differentially abundant proteins in the leaves of tea plants treated with fulvic acid compared with the control under mild and severe drought, respectively. Comparative analysis showed that, under severe drought, 55 genes had similar expression patterns at the transcriptome and proteome levels, such as PAL, GBE, GBSS and bAS. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that those genes were mainly related to the starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and triterpenoid biosynthesis. SIGNIFICANCE: This study broadens the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the improved drought resistance seen in tea plants in the presence of fulvic acid and provides a basis for further research on the genomics of drought tolerance in these plants. In addition, these findings could be used to develop new guidance strategies for improved drought management systems in tea plantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qiu
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhao Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiazhi Shen
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yiqian Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongshuai Gai
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lubin Song
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Tai'an Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rizhao, Shandong, China; Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rizhao, Shandong, China; Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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42
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Wang F, Ge S, Xu X, Xing Y, Du X, Zhang X, Lv M, Liu J, Zhu Z, Jiang Y. Multiomics Analysis Reveals New Insights into the Apple Fruit Quality Decline under High Nitrogen Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5559-5572. [PMID: 33945277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is common in Chinese apple production. High N reduced the contents of soluble sugar and total flavonoids by 16.05 and 19.01%, respectively, resulting in poor fruit quality. Moreover, high N increased the total N and decreased the total C and C/N ratio of apple fruits. On the basis of the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses, the global network was revealed. High N inhibited the accumulation of carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, and trehalose) and flavonoids (rhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, rutin, and trihydroxyisoflavone-7-O-galactoside) in fruits, and more C skeletons were used to synthesize amino acids and their derivatives (especially low C/N ratio, e.g., arginine) to be transferred to N metabolism. This study revealed new insights into the decline in soluble sugar and flavonoids caused by high N, and hub genes (MD07G1172700, MD05G1222800, MD16G1227200, MD01G1174400, and MD02G1207200) and hub proteins (PFK, gapN, and HK) were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shunfeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Mengxue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanmao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
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González-Morales S, Solís-Gaona S, Valdés-Caballero MV, Juárez-Maldonado A, Loredo-Treviño A, Benavides-Mendoza A. Transcriptomics of Biostimulation of Plants Under Abiotic Stress. Front Genet 2021; 12:583888. [PMID: 33613631 PMCID: PMC7888440 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.583888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant biostimulants are compounds, living microorganisms, or their constituent parts that alter plant development programs. The impact of biostimulants is manifested in several ways: via morphological, physiological, biochemical, epigenomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic changes. For each of these, a response and alteration occur, and these alterations in turn improve metabolic and adaptive performance in the environment. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of different biotic and abiotic stimulants on plants, including many crop species. However, as far as we know, there are no reviews available that describe the impact of biostimulants for a specific field such as transcriptomics, which is the objective of this review. For the commercial registration process of products for agricultural use, it is necessary to distinguish the specific impact of biostimulants from that of other legal categories of products used in agriculture, such as fertilizers and plant hormones. For the chemical or biological classification of biostimulants, the classification is seen as a complex issue, given the great diversity of compounds and organisms that cause biostimulation. However, with an approach focused on the impact on a particular field such as transcriptomics, it is perhaps possible to obtain a criterion that allows biostimulants to be grouped considering their effects on living systems, as well as the overlap of the impact on metabolism, physiology, and morphology occurring between fertilizers, hormones, and biostimulants.
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Zhang C, Wang M, Chen J, Gao X, Shao C, Lv Z, Jiao H, Xu H, Shen C. Survival strategies based on the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis, for the tea plant [Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze] in long-term drought stress condition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:484-493. [PMID: 33038691 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tea plants are important economic perennial crops that can be negatively impacted by drought stress (DS). However, their survival strategies in long-term DS conditions and the accumulation and influence of metabolites and mineral elements (MEs) in their organs, when facing hydraulic vulnerability segmentation, require further investigation. The MEs and metabolites in the leaf, stem, and root after long-term DS (20 d) were examined here, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The accumulation patterns of 116 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and nine MEs were considerably affected in all organs. The concentration of all MEs varied significantly in at least one organ, while the K and Ca levels were markedly altered in all three. Most DAM levels increased in the stem but decreased in the root and leaf, implying that vulnerability segmentation may occur with long-term DS. The typical nitrogen- and carbon-compound levels similarly increased in the stem and decreased in the leaf and root, as the plant might respond to long-term DS by stabilizing respiration, promoting nitrogen recycling, and free radical scavenging. Correlation analysis showed several possible DAM-ME interactions and an association between Mn and flavonoids. Thus, survival strategies under long-term DS included sacrificing distal/vulnerable organs and accumulating function-specialized metabolites and MEs to mitigate drought-induced oxidative damage. This is the first study that reports substance fluctuations after long-term DS in different organs of plants, and highlights the need to use whole plants to fully comprehend stress response strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Minhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jianjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xizhi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Chenyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhidong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Haizhen Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Huaqin Xu
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Chengwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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