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Zhang P, Wang T, Yao Z, Li J, Wang Q, Xue Y, Jiang Y, Li Q, Li L, Qi Z, Niu J. Fine mapping of leaf delayed virescence gene dv4 in Triticum aestivum. Gene 2024; 910:148277. [PMID: 38364974 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide, and its yield affects national food security. Wheat leaves are key photosynthetic organs where carbohydrates are synthesized for grain yield. Leaf colour mutants are ideal germplasm resources for molecular genetic studies of wheat chloroplast development, chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis. We obtained a wheat mutant delayed virescence 4 (dv4) from cultivar Guomai 301. The leaves of mutant dv4 were pale yellow at the seedling stage, golden yellow at the turning green stage, and they started to turn green at the jointing stage. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the yellow-leaf phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene named as dv4. Gene dv4 was fine mapped in a 1.46 Mb region on chromosome 7DS by SSR and dCAPS marker assays. Three putative candidate genes were identified in this region. Because no leaf colour genes have been reported on wheat chromosome arm 7DS previously, dv4 is a novel leaf colour gene. The result facilitates map-based cloning of dv4 and provides information for the construction of a high-photosynthetic efficiency ideotype for improving wheat yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ziping Yao
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junchang Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yumei Jiang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zengjun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jishan Niu
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Ye XX, Chen YQ, Wu JS, Zhong HQ, Lin B, Huang ML, Fan RH. Biochemical and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Pigment Biosynthesis Influenced Chlorina Leaf Formation in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1040-1054. [PMID: 37528284 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl is a perennial herb of the Orchidaceae family; a yellow-green mutant and a yellow mutant were obtained from the wild type, thereby providing good material for the study of leaf color variation. Pigment content analysis revealed that chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanin were lower in the yellow-green and yellow mutants than in the wild type. Transcriptome analysis of the yellow mutant and wild type revealed that 78,712 unigenes were obtained, and 599 differentially expressed genes (120 upregulated and 479 downregulated) were identified. Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, candidate genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (five unigenes) and the chlorophyll metabolic pathway (two unigenes) were identified. Meanwhile, the low expression of the chlorophyll and anthocyanin biosynthetic genes resulted in the absence of chlorophylls and anthocyanins in the yellow mutant. This study provides a basis for similar research in other closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xian Ye
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi-Quan Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jian-She Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huai-Qin Zhong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bing Lin
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Min-Ling Huang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Rong-Hui Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Xia X, Liu L, Cai K, Song X, Yue W, Wang J. A splicing site change between exon 5 and 6 of the nuclear-encoded chloroplast-localized HvYGL8 gene results in reduced chlorophyll content and plant height in barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1327246. [PMID: 38192692 PMCID: PMC10773589 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1327246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The chloroplast is an important cellular organelle and metabolic hub, which is not only responsible for plant photosynthesis but is also involved in the de novo biosynthesis of pigments, fatty acids, and hormone metabolisms. Several genes that are responsible for rice leaf color variations have been reported to be directly or indirectly involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development, whereas a few genes have been functionally confirmed to be responsible for leaf color changes in barley at the molecular level. In this study, we obtained a yellow leaf and dwarf ygl8 mutant from the progeny of Morex (a variety of barley) seeds treated with EMS. We performed bulked-segregant analysis (BSA) and RNA-seq analysis and targeted a UMP kinase encoding gene, YGL8, which generated a splicing site change between exon 5 and 6 of YGL8 due to a G to A single-nucleotide transition in the 5th exon/intron junction in the ygl8 mutant. The splicing site change between exon 5 and 6 of YGL8 had no effects on chloroplast subcellular localization but resulted in an additional loop in the UMP kinase domain, which might disturb the access of the substrates. On one hand, the splicing site change between exon 5 and 6 of YGL8 downregulated the transcriptional expression of chloroplast-encoded genes and chlorophyll-biosynthesis-related genes in a temperature-dependent manner in the ygl8 mutant. On the other hand, the downregulation of bioactive GA-biosynthesis-related GA20ox genes and cell-wall-cellulose-biosynthesis-related CesA genes was also observed in the ygl8 mutant, which led to a reduction in plant height. Our study will facilitate the understanding of the regulation of leaf color and plant height in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Barley Improvement Center, Hangzhou, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Barley Improvement Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangfeng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Barley Improvement Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Barley Improvement Center, Hangzhou, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Yue
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Barley Improvement Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Barley Improvement Center, Hangzhou, China
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Wang Q, Zhang H, Wei L, Guo R, Liu X, Zhang M, Fan J, Liu S, Liao J, Huang Y, Wang Z. Yellow-Green Leaf 19 Encoding a Specific and Conservative Protein for Photosynthetic Organisms Affects Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis, Photosynthesis, and Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16762. [PMID: 38069084 PMCID: PMC10706213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll is the main photosynthetic pigment and is crucial for plant photosynthesis. Leaf color mutants are widely used to identify genes involved in the synthesis or metabolism of chlorophyll. In this study, a spontaneous mutant, yellow-green leaf 19 (ygl19), was isolated from rice (Oryza sativa). This ygl19 mutant showed yellow-green leaves and decreased chlorophyll level and net photosynthetic rate. Brown necrotic spots appeared on the surface of ygl19 leaves at the tillering stage. And the agronomic traits of the ygl19 mutant, including the plant height, tiller number per plant, and total number of grains per plant, were significantly reduced. Map-based cloning revealed that the candidate YGL19 gene was LOC_Os03g21370. Complementation of the ygl19 mutant with the wild-type CDS of LOC_Os03g21370 led to the restoration of the mutant to the normal phenotype. Evolutionary analysis revealed that YGL19 protein and its homologues were unique for photoautotrophs, containing a conserved Ycf54 functional domain. A conserved amino acid substitution from proline to serine on the Ycf54 domain led to the ygl19 mutation. Sequence analysis of the YGL19 gene in 4726 rice accessions found that the YGL19 gene was conserved in natural rice variants with no resulting amino acid variation. The YGL19 gene was mainly expressed in green tissues, especially in leaf organs. And the YGL19 protein was localized in the chloroplast for function. Gene expression analysis via qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of tetrapyrrole synthesis-related genes and photosynthesis-related genes were regulated in the ygl19 mutant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide accumulated in spotted leaves of the ygl19 mutant at the tillering stage, accompanied by the regulation of ROS scavenging enzyme-encoding genes and ROS-responsive defense signaling genes. This study demonstrates that a novel yellow-green leaf gene YGL19 affects tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and ROS metabolism in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lingxia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xuanzhi Liu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (X.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (X.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jiangmin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jianglin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yingjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhaohai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Zhang P, Ni Y, Jiao Z, Li J, Wang T, Yao Z, Jiang Y, Yang X, Sun Y, Li H, He D, Niu J. The wheat leaf delayed virescence of mutant dv4 is associated with the abnormal photosynthetic and antioxidant systems. Gene X 2023; 856:147134. [PMID: 36586497 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) is a key pigment for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) photosynthesis, consequently impacts grain yield. A wheat mutant named as delayed virescence 4 (dv4) was obtained from cultivar Guomai 301 (wild type, WT) treated with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). The seedling leaves of dv4 were shallow yellow, apparently were chlorophyll deficient. They started to turn green at the jointing stage and returned to almost ordinary green at the heading stage. Leaf transcriptome comparison of Guomai 301 and dv4 at the jointing stage showed that most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of transcription and translation were highly expressed in dv4, one key gene nicotianamine aminotransferase A (NAAT-A) involved in the synthesis and metabolism pathways of tyrosine, methionine and phenylalanine was significantly lowly expressed. The expression levels of the most photosynthesis related genes, such as photosystem I (PS I), ATPase and light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex-related homeotypic genes, and protochlorophyllide reductase A (PORA) were lower; but macromolecule degradation and hypersensitivity response (HR) related gene heat shock protein 82 (HSP82) was highly expressed. Compared to WT, the contents of macromolecules such as proteins and sugars were reduced; the contents of Chl a, Chl b, total Chl, and carotenoids in leaves of dv4 were significantly less at the jointing stage, while the ratio of Chl a / Chl b was the same as that of WT. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of dv4 were significantly lower. The H2O2 content were higher, while the contents of total phenol and malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities were lower in leaves of dv4. In conclusion, the reduced contents of macromolecules and photosynthetic pigments, the abnormal photosynthetic and antioxidant systems were closely related to the phenotype of dv4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yongjing Ni
- Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
| | - Zhixin Jiao
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Junchang Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Ziping Yao
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yumei Jiang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Xiwen Yang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yulong Sun
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Dexian He
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Jishan Niu
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
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Cheng M, Meng F, Mo F, Qi H, Wang P, Chen X, Liu J, Ghanizadeh H, Zhang H, Wang A. Slym1 control the color etiolation of leaves by facilitating the decomposition of chlorophyll in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111457. [PMID: 36089196 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis, as an important biological process of plants, produces organic substances for plant growth and development. Although the molecular mechanisms of photosynthesis had been well investigated, the relationship between chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis remains largely unknown. The leaf-color mutant was an ideal material for studying photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis, which had been seldom investigated in tomato. Here, we obtained a yellow leaf tomato mutant ym (The mutant plants from the line of zs4) in field. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photosynthetic parameters results demonstrated that chloroplast's structure was obviously destroyed and photosynthetic capacity gets weak. The mutant was hybridized with the control to construct the F2 segregation population for sequencing. Slym1 gene, controlling yellow mutant trait, was identified using Bulked Segregation Analysis. Slym1 was up-regulated in the mutant and Slym1 was located in the nucleus. The genes associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis were down-regulated in Slym1-OE transgenic tomato plants. The results suggested that Slym1 negatively regulate photosynthesis. Photosynthetic pigment synthesis related genes HEMA, HEMB1, CHLG and CAO were up-regulated in Slym1 silencing plants. The redundant Slym1 binding the intermediate proteins MP resulting in hindering the interaction between MP and HY5 due to the Slym1 with a high expression level in ym mutant, lead to lots of the HY5 with unbound state accumulates in cells, that could accelerate the decomposition of chlorophyll. Therefore, the yellow leaf-color mutant ym could be used as an ideal material for further exploring the relationship between leaf color mutant and photosynthesis and the specific mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhen Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Fanyue Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Fulei Mo
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Haonan Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Peiwen Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiuling Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Jiayin Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China; College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Hossein Ghanizadeh
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - He Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Aoxue Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
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Jiang J, Wei L, Zhu Y, Zheng M, Cui L, Cai Q, Xie H, Zhang J. 水稻黄绿叶突变体w08(YGL)基因精细定位与功能分析. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fu M, Zhou Z, Yang X, Liu Z, Zheng J, Huang X, Wang L, Ye J, Zhang W, Liao Y, Xu F. Comparative transcriptome and microbial community sequencing provide insight into yellow-leaf phenotype of Camellia japonica. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:416. [PMID: 34507525 PMCID: PMC8431858 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf color variation is a common trait in plants and widely distributed in many plants. In this study, a leaf color mutation in Camellia japonica (cultivar named as Maguxianzi, M) was used as material, and the mechanism of leaf color variation was revealed by physiological, cytological, transcriptome and microbiome analyses. RESULTS The yellowing C. japonica (M) exhibits lower pigment content than its parent (cultivar named as Huafurong, H), especially chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid, and leaves of M have weaker photosynthesis. Subsequently, the results of transmission electron microscopy(TEM) exhibited that M chloroplast was accompanied by broken thylakoid membrane, degraded thylakoid grana, and filled with many vesicles. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome sequencing identified 3,298 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). KEGG annotation analysis results showed that 69 significantly enriched DEGs were involved in Chl biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and plant-pathogen interaction. On this basis, we sequenced the microbial diversity of the H and M leaves. The sequencing results suggested that the abundance of Didymella in the M leaves was significantly higher than that in the H leaves, which meant that M leaves might be infected by Didymella. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we speculated that Didymella infected M leaves while reduced Chl and carotenoid content by damaging chloroplast structures, and altered the intensity of photosynthesis, thereby causing the leaf yellowing phenomenon of C. japonica (M). This research will provide new insights into the leaf color variation mechanism and lay a theoretical foundation for plant breeding and molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Fu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Zhongcheng Zhou
- Department of Forestry Ecology, Hubei Ecology Polytechnic College, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Forestry Ecology, Hubei Ecology Polytechnic College, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongbing Liu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, 430415 Wuhan, China
| | - Jiarui Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Xinru Huang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
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Chen D, Qiu Z, He L, Hou L, Li M, Zhang G, Wang X, Chen G, Hu J, Gao Z, Dong G, Ren D, Shen L, Zhang Q, Guo L, Qian Q, Zeng D, Zhu L. The rice LRR-like1 protein YELLOW AND PREMATURE DWARF 1 is involved in leaf senescence induced by high light. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1589-1605. [PMID: 33200773 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Senescence in plants is induced by endogenous physiological changes and exogenous stresses. In this study, we isolated two alleles of a novel rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, yellow and premature dwarf 1 (ypd1). The ypd1 mutants exhibited a yellow and dwarf phenotype from germination, and premature senescence starting at tillering. Moreover, the ypd1 mutants were sensitive to high light, which accelerated cell death and senescence. Consistent with their yellow phenotype, the ypd1 mutants had abnormal chloroplasts and lower levels of photosynthetic pigments. TUNEL assays together with histochemical staining demonstrated that ypd1 mutants showed cell death and that they accumulated reactive oxygen species. The ypd1 mutants also showed increased expression of genes associated with senescence. Map-based cloning revealed a G→A substitution in exon 6 (ypd1-1) and exon 13 (ypd1-2) of LOC_Os06g13050 that affected splicing and caused premature termination of the encoded protein. YPD1 was found to be preferentially expressed in the leaf and it encodes a LRR-like1 protein. Complementation, overexpression, and targeted deletion confirmed that the mutations in YPD1 caused the ypd1 phenotype. YPD1 was localized on the chloroplast membrane. Our results thus demonstrate that the novel rice LRR-like1 protein YPD1 affects chloroplast development and leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhennan Qiu
- College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Ye J, Chen W, Feng L, Liu G, Wang Y, Li H, Ye Z, Zhang Y. The chaperonin 60 protein SlCpn60α1 modulates photosynthesis and photorespiration in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7224-7240. [PMID: 32915204 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis, an indispensable biological process of plants, produces organic substances for plant growth, during which photorespiration occurs to oxidize carbohydrates to achieve homeostasis. Although the molecular mechanism underlying photosynthesis and photorespiration has been widely explored, the crosstalk between the two processes remains largely unknown. In this study, we isolated and characterized a T-DNA insertion mutant of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) named yellow leaf (yl) with yellowish leaves, retarded growth, and chloroplast collapse that hampered both photosynthesis and photorespiration. Genetic and expression analyses demonstrated that the phenotype of yl was caused by a loss-of-function mutation resulting from a single-copy T-DNA insertion in chaperonin 60α1 (SlCPN60α1). SlCPN60α1 showed high expression levels in leaves and was located in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Silencing of SlCPN60α1using virus-induced gene silencing and RNA interference mimicked the phenotype of yl. Results of two-dimensional electrophoresis and yeast two-hybrid assays suggest that SlCPN60α1 potentially interacts with proteins that are involved in chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic electron transport, and the Calvin cycle, and further affect photosynthesis. Moreover, SlCPN60α1 directly interacted with serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SlSHMT1) in mitochondria, thereby regulating photorespiration in tomato. This study outlines the importance of SlCPN60α1 for both photosynthesis and photorespiration, and provides molecular insights towards plant genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Weifang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longwei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Genzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Zhang K, Li Y, Zhu W, Wei Y, Njogu MK, Lou Q, Li J, Chen J. Fine Mapping and Transcriptome Analysis of Virescent Leaf Gene v-2 in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:570817. [PMID: 33101337 PMCID: PMC7545910 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.570817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are the ideal materials to explore the pathways of chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast development and photosynthesis system. In this study, a new virescent leaf mutant 104Y was identified by spontaneous mutation, whose cotyledon and upper five true leaves were yellow color. The yellow true leaves gradually turned green from top to bottom with increased chlorophyll contents. Genetic analysis indicated that the virescent leaf was controlled by one single recessive gene v-2, which was accurately mapped into 36.0-39.7 Mb interval on chromosome 3 by using BSA-seq and linkage analysis. Fine mapping analysis further narrowed v-2 into 73-kb genomic region including eight genes with BC1 and F2 populations. Through BSA-seq and cDNA sequencing analysis, only one nonsynonymous mutation existed in the Csa3G890020 gene encoding auxin F-box protein was identified, which was predicted as the candidate gene controlling virescent leaf. Comparative transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of Csa3G890020 was not changed between EC1 and 104Y. However, RNA-seq analysis identified that the key genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and auxin signaling transduction network were mainly down-regulated in 104Y compared with EC1, which indicated that the regulatory functions of Csa3G890020 could be performed at post-transcriptional level rather than transcriptional level. This is the first report to map-based clone an auxin F-box protein gene related to virescent leaf in cucumber. The results will exhibit a new insight into the chlorophyll biosynthesis regulated by auxin signaling transduction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Nanjing Vegetable Science Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwei Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Martin Kagiki Njogu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Abstract
Color mutation is a common, easily identifiable phenomenon in higher plants. Color mutations usually affect the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, resulting in poor growth and economic losses. Therefore, leaf color mutants have been unwittingly eliminated in recent years. Recently, however, with the development of society, the application of leaf color mutants has become increasingly widespread. Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for studying pigment metabolism, chloroplast development and differentiation, photosynthesis and other pathways that could also provide important information for improving varietal selection. In this review, we summarize the research on leaf color mutants, such as the functions and mechanisms of leaf color mutant-related genes, which affect chlorophyll synthesis, chlorophyll degradation, chloroplast development and anthocyanin metabolism. We also summarize two common methods for mapping and cloning related leaf color mutation genes using Map-based cloning and RNA-seq, and we discuss the existing problems and propose future research directions for leaf color mutants, which provide a reference for the study and application of leaf color mutants in the future.
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13
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Chen X, Yang X, Xie J, Ding W, Li Y, Yue Y, Wang L. Biochemical and Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Key Genes Involved in Major Metabolic Regulation Related to Colored Leaf Formation in Osmanthus fragrans 'Yinbi Shuanghui' during Development. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040549. [PMID: 32260448 PMCID: PMC7226453 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans 'Yinbi Shuanghui' not only has a beautiful shape and fresh floral fragrance, but also rich leaf colors that change, making the tree useful for landscaping. In order to study the mechanisms of color formation in O. fragrans 'Yinbi Shuanghui' leaves, we analyzed the colored and green leaves at different developmental stages in terms of leaf pigment content, cell structure, and transcriptome data. We found that the chlorophyll content in the colored leaves was lower than that of green leaves throughout development. By analyzing the structure of chloroplasts, the colored leaves demonstrated more stromal lamellae and low numbers of granum thylakoid. However, there was a large number of plastoglobuli. Using transcriptome sequencing, we demonstrated that the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in chlorophyll degradation was upregulated, i.e., heme oxygennase-1 (HO1), pheophorbide a oxidase (PAO), and chlorophyllase-2 (CLH2), affecting the synthesis of chlorophyll in colored leaves. The stay-green gene (SGR) was upregulated in colored leaves. Genes involved in carotenoid synthesis, i.e., phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and 1-Deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), were downregulated in colored leaves, impeding the synthesis of carotenoids. In the later stage of leaf development, the downregulated expression of Golden2-Like (GLK) inhibited chloroplast development in colored leaves. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to investigate the correlation between physiological indicators and DEGs, we chose the modules with the highest degree of relevance to chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid metabolism. A total of five genes (HSFA2, NFYC9, TCP20, WRKY3, and WRKY4) were identified as hub genes. These analyses provide new insights into color formation mechanisms in O. fragrans 'Yinbi Shuanghui' leaves at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.C.); (X.Y.); (W.D.); (Y.L.)
- College of Fine Arts, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, No.1 Shennong Road, Nanjing 210038, China;
| | - Xiulian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.C.); (X.Y.); (W.D.); (Y.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jun Xie
- College of Fine Arts, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, No.1 Shennong Road, Nanjing 210038, China;
| | - Wenjie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.C.); (X.Y.); (W.D.); (Y.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuli Li
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.C.); (X.Y.); (W.D.); (Y.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.C.); (X.Y.); (W.D.); (Y.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-138-0900-7625 (L.W.)
| | - Lianggui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.C.); (X.Y.); (W.D.); (Y.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-138-0900-7625 (L.W.)
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14
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Hu L, Zhang H, Xie C, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang H, Weng Y, Chen P, Li Y. A mutation in CsHD encoding a histidine and aspartic acid domain-containing protein leads to yellow young leaf-1 (yyl-1) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 293:110407. [PMID: 32081257 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are an ideal tool to study chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast development and photosynthesis. In this study, we identified an EMS-induced yellow young leaf mutant C777. The mutant exhibited yellow cotyledons and emerging true leaves with stay-green dots that turn green gradually with leaf growth. Segregation analysis in several populations indicated that the mutant C777 was controlled by a recessive gene yyl-1. Fine mapping delimited the yyl-1 locus to a 45.3 kb region harboring 8 putative genes, but only one SNP (G to A) was identified between C777 and its wild-type parental line in this region which occurred in the 13th exon of CsHD that encodes a histidine and aspartic acid (HD) domain containing protein. This nonsense mutation introduced a stop codon and thus a premature protein. Uniqueness of this mutant allele was verified in 515 cucumber lines. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed significantly reduced expression of CsHD gene in the mutant. Further, silencing the NbHD gene by VIGS in tobacco resulted in virescent young leaves and significantly down-regulated expression of HD gene. These results strongly supported the association of the CsHD gene with the virescent young leaf phenotype in C777. This is the first report to clone and characterize the CsHD gene in the horticultural crops. The results may help understand the functions of the HD gene in chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haiqiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chen Xie
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China.
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15
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Tan H, Wang X, Fei Z, Li H, Tadmor Y, Mazourek M, Li L. Genetic mapping of green curd gene Gr in cauliflower. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:353-364. [PMID: 31676958 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gr5.1 is the major locus for cauliflower green curd color and mapped to an interval of 236 Kbp with four most likely candidate genes. Cauliflower with colored curd enhances not only the visual appeal but also the nutritional value of the crop. Green cauliflower results from ectopic development of chloroplasts in the normal white curd. However, the underlying genetic basis is unknown. In this study, we employed QTL-seq analysis to identify the loci that were associated with green curd phenotype in cauliflower. A F2 population was generated following a cross between a white curd (Stovepipe) and a green curd (ACX800) cauliflower plants. By whole-genome resequencing and SNP analysis of green and white F2 bulks, two QTLs were detected on chromosomes 5 (Gr5.1) and 7 (Gr7.1). Validation by traditional genetic mapping with CAPS markers suggested that Gr5.1 represented a major QTL, whereas Gr7.1 had a minor effect. Subsequent high-resolution mapping of Gr5.1 in the second large F2 population with additional CAPS markers narrowed down the target region to a genetic and physical distance of 0.3 cM and 236 Kbp, respectively. This region contained 35 genes with four of them representing the best candidates for the green curd phenotype in cauliflower. They are LOC106295953, LOC106343833, LOC106345143, and LOC106295954, which encode UMP kinase, DEAD-box RNA helicase 51-like, glutathione S-transferase T3-like, and protein MKS1, respectively. These findings lay a solid foundation for the isolation of the Gr gene and provide a potential for marker-assisted selection of the green curd trait in cauliflower breeding. The eventual isolation of Gr will also facilitate better understanding of chloroplast biogenesis and development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Tan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Plant Science Institute, Israeli Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Yaar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, 30095, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Michael Mazourek
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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16
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Witte CP, Herde M. Nucleotide Metabolism in Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:63-78. [PMID: 31641078 PMCID: PMC6945853 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide metabolism is an essential function in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus-Peter Witte
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marco Herde
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
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17
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Feng P, Shi J, Zhang T, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Yu G, Zhang T, Zhu X, Xing Y, Yin W, Sang X, Ling Y, Zhang C, Yang Z, He G, Wang N. Zebra leaf 15, a receptor-like protein kinase involved in moderate low temperature signaling pathway in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:83. [PMID: 31732821 PMCID: PMC6858429 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zebra leaf mutants are an important resource for studying leaf colour in rice. In most such mutants, the zebra leaf phenotype results from defective chloroplast biogenesis. The molecular mechanism by which zebra leaves develop remains unclear, so additional zebra-leaf mutants need to be identified. RESULTS We isolated a novel rice zebra-leaf mutant, named zebra leaf 15 (z15), which showed transversely striped leaves with yellow-green or white-green sectors, in which chloroplast structure was disturbed. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the structure of various organelles was impaired in yellow/white sectors. Z15, a single-copy gene in the rice genome, encodes a receptor-like protein kinase. Subcellular localization analysis indicates that Z15 and z15 are localized on the plasma membrane. The expression of Z15 is induced by moderate low temperature (18 °C). The mutation of Z15 influenced the expression of two downstream genes, OsWRKY71 and OsMYB4, that were responsive to moderate low temperature. The results show that Z15 plays a crucial role in the early stages of the response to moderate low temperature in rice. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel zebra-leaf mutant (z15) that impaired chloroplast structure in rice, LOC_Os05g12680, encoding a receptor-like protein kinase. Further study indiceted that Z15 plays a crucial role in the early stages of the response to moderate low temperature in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Feng
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Junqiong Shi
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuqin Zhong
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guoling Yu
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tianquan Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yadi Xing
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wuzhong Yin
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xianchun Sang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yinghua Ling
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guanghua He
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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18
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Tsai YC, Chen KC, Cheng TS, Lee C, Lin SH, Tung CW. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis in diverse rice varieties reveals the positive correlation between the seedlings salt tolerance and photosynthetic efficiency. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:403. [PMID: 31519149 PMCID: PMC6743182 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosynthetic efficiency might be a key factor determining plant resistance to abiotic stresses. Plants can sense when growing conditions are not favorable and trigger an internal response at an early stage before showing external symptoms. When a high amount of salt enters the plant cell, the membrane system and function of thylakoids in chloroplasts could be destroyed and affect photosynthetic performance if the salt concentration is not regulated to optimal values. Oryza species have salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes; however, very few studies have investigated the genetic architecture responsible for photosynthetic efficiency under salinity stress in cultivated rice. RESULTS We used an imaging-based chlorophyll fluorometer to monitor eight rice varieties that showed different salt tolerance levels for four consecutive days under control and salt conditions. An analysis of the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters clearly showed the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII in sensitive varieties was significantly reduced after NaCl treatment when compared to tolerant varieties. A panel of 232 diverse rice accessions was then analyzed for chlorophyll fluorescence under salt conditions, the results showed that chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as F0 and NPQ were higher in Japonica subspecies, ΦPSII of Indica varieties was higher than that in other subgroups, which suggested that the variation in photosynthetic efficiency was extensively regulated under salt treatment in diverse cultivated rice. Two significant regions on chromosome 5 were identified to associate with the fraction of open PSII centers (qL) and the minimum chlorophyll fluorescence (F0). These regions harbored genes related to senescence, chloroplast biogenesis and response to salt stress are of interest for future functional characterization to determine their roles in regulating photosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Rice plant is very sensitive to salinity stress, especially at young seedling stage. Our work identified the distribution pattern of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in seedlings leaf and their correlations with salt tolerance level in a diverse gene pool. We also revealed the complexity of the genetic architecture regulating rice seedling photosynthetic performance under salinity stress, the germplasm analyzed in this study and the associated genetic information could be utilized in rice breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Tsai
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chuan Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Tung-Shan Cheng
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chuan Lee
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Tung
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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19
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Li X, Huang S, Liu Z, Hou L, Feng H. Mutation in EMB1923 gene promoter is associated with chlorophyll deficiency in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:909-920. [PMID: 31058333 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are widespread in higher plants and can be used as markers in crop breeding or as important material in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. A stably inherited plant etiolated mutation (pem) was obtained from its wild-type 'FT' (a doubled haploid line of the Chinese cabbage variety 'Fukuda 50') by combining 60 Co-γ radiation and isolated microspore culture in Chinese cabbage. Compared to the wild-type 'FT', the chlorophyll content in the pem mutant was decreased, the photosynthetic capacity was reduced and the chloroplast development was retarded. These physiological changes may lead to a reduction in growth and yield in the pem mutant line. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by the single recessive nuclear pem gene. The pem gene was mapped to a 25.88 kb region on the A03 chromosome. Cloning and sequencing results showed that there was only one DNA sequence variation in this region, which was a 30 bp deletion on the promoter of Bra024218. Its homologous gene encodes EMBRYO DEFECTIVE 1923 (EMB1923) in Arabidopsis thaliana. We therefore predicted that Bra024218 was the mutated gene associated with etiolated leaves in Chinese cabbage. The pem mutant is a useful line for researching chloroplast development and the mechanism of leaf color mutation in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengnan Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Hou
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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20
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Zhu L, Wang D, Sun J, Mu Y, Pu W, Ma B, Ren F, Yan W, Zhang Z, Li G, Li Y, Pan Y. Phenotypic and proteomic characteristics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) albino lethal mutant sbe6-a1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:400-410. [PMID: 30981156 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for chloroplast development and photosynthetic mechanism research. Here, we characterized an EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate)-mutagenized sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) mutant, sbe6-a1, in which the severe disruption in chloroplast structure and a chlorophyll deficiency promote an albino leaf phenotype and lead to premature death. The proteomic analyses of mutant and its progenitor wild-type (WT) were performed using a Q Exactive plus Orbitrap mass spectrometer and 4,233 proteins were accurately quantitated. The function analysis showed that most of up-regulated proteins in mutant sbe6-a1 had not been well characterized. GO-enrichment analysis of the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) showed that up-regulated DAPs were significantly enriched in catabolic process and located in mitochondria, while down regulated DAPs were located in chloroplasts and participated in photosynthesis and some other processes. KEGG pathway-enrichment analyses indicated that the degradation and metabolic pathways of fatty acids, as well as some amino acids and secondary metabolites, were significantly enhanced in the mutant sbe6-a1, while photosynthesis-related pathways, some secondary metabolites' biosynthesis and ribosomal pathways were significantly inhibited. Analysis also shows that some DAPs, such as FBAs, MDHs, PEPC, ATP synthase, CABs, CHLM, PRPs, pathogenesis-related protein, sHSP, ACP2 and AOX may be closely associated with the albino phenotype. Our analysis will promote the understanding of the molecular phenomena that result in plant albino phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Daoping Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jiusheng Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Research Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, PR China
| | - Yongying Mu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Weijun Pu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Bo Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Fuli Ren
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Guiying Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yubin Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Yinghong Pan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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21
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Zhang S, Wu X, Cui J, Zhang F, Wan X, Liu Q, Zhong Y, Lin T. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of yellow leaf coloration in Populus deltoides Marsh. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216879. [PMID: 31112574 PMCID: PMC6529213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Populus deltoides Marsh has high ornamental value because its leaves remain yellow during the non-dormant period. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of leaf coloration in P. deltoides Marsh. Thus, we analyzed the physiological and transcriptional differences of yellow leaves (mutant) and green leaves (wild-type) of P. deltoides Marsh. Physiological experiments showed that the contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid were lower in mutant leaves, and the flavonoid content did not differ significantly between mutant and wild-type leaves. Transcriptomic sequencing was further used to identify 153 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional classifications based on Gene Ontology enrichment and Genome enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were involved in Chl biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Among these, geranylgeranyl diphosphate (CHLP) genes associated with Chl biosynthesis showed down-regulation, while chlorophyllase (CLH) genes associated with Chl degradation were up-regulated in yellow leaves. The expression levels of these genes were further confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, the estimation of the main precursors of Chl confirmed that CHLP is a vital enzyme for the yellow leaf color phenotype. Consequently, the formation of yellow leaf color is due to the disruption of Chl synthesis or catabolism rather than flavonoid synthesis. These results contribute to our understanding of mechanisms and regulation of leaf color variation in poplar at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolu Wu
- College of Landscape Architecture of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Cui
- College of Landscape Architecture of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueqin Wan
- College of Forestry of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinglin Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- College of Forestry of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tiantian Lin
- College of Forestry of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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22
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Dong Q, Zhang YX, Zhou Q, Liu QE, Chen DB, Wang H, Cheng SH, Cao LY, Shen XH. UMP Kinase Regulates Chloroplast Development and Cold Response in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2107. [PMID: 31035645 PMCID: PMC6539431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrimidine nucleotides are important metabolites that are building blocks of nucleic acids, which participate in various aspects of plant development. Only a few genes involved in pyrimidine metabolism have been identified in rice and the majority of their functions remain unclear. In this study, we used a map-based cloning strategy to isolate a UMPK gene in rice, encoding the UMP kinase that phosphorylates UMP to form UDP, from a recessive mutant with pale-green leaves. In the mutant, UDP content always decreased, while UTP content fluctuated with the development of leaves. Mutation of UMPK reduced chlorophyll contents and decreased photosynthetic capacity. In the mutant, transcription of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase-dependent genes, including psaA, psbB, psbC and petB, was significantly reduced, whereas transcription of nuclear-encoded RNA polymerase-dependent genes, including rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, and rpl23, was elevated. The expression of UMPK was significantly induced by various stresses, including cold, heat, and drought. Increased sensitivity to cold stress was observed in the mutant, based on the survival rate and malondialdehyde content. High accumulation of hydrogen peroxide was found in the mutant, which was enhanced by cold treatment. Our results indicate that the UMP kinase gene plays important roles in regulating chloroplast development and stress response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Ying-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Quan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Qun-En Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Dai-Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Shi-Hua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Li-Yong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Xi-Hong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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23
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Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis of a Yellow-Green Leaf Mutant in Birch (Betula platyphylla × B. Pendula). FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl)-deficient mutants are ideal materials for the study of Chl biosynthesis, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis. Although the genes encoding key enzymes related to Chl biosynthesis have been well-characterized in herbaceous plants, rice (Oryza sativa L.), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and maize (Zea mays L.), yellow-green leaf mutants have not yet been fully studied in tree species. In this work, we explored the molecular mechanism of the leaf color formation in a yellow-green leaf mutant (yl). We investigated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between yl and control plants (wild type birch (WT) and BpCCR1 overexpression line 11, (C11)) by transcriptome sequencing. Approximately 1163 genes (874 down-regulated and 289 up-regulated) and 930 genes (755 down-regulated and 175 up-regulated) were found to be differentially expressed in yl compared with WT and C11, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs revealed that photosynthesis antenna proteins represent the most significant enriched pathway. The expressions of photosynthesis antenna proteins are crucial to the leaf color formation in yl. We also found that Chl accumulate, leaf anatomical structure, photosynthesis, and growth were affected in yl. Taken together, our results not only provide the difference of phenomenal, physiological, and gene expression characteristics in leaves between yl mutant and control plants, but also provide a new insight into the mutation underlying the chlorotic leaf phenotype in birch.
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24
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Schmid LM, Ohler L, Möhlmann T, Brachmann A, Muiño JM, Leister D, Meurer J, Manavski N. PUMPKIN, the Sole Plastid UMP Kinase, Associates with Group II Introns and Alters Their Metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:248-264. [PMID: 30409856 PMCID: PMC6324238 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast hosts photosynthesis and a variety of metabolic pathways that are essential for plant viability and acclimation processes. In this study, we show that the sole plastid UMP kinase (PUMPKIN) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) associates specifically with the introns of the plastid transcripts trnG-UCC, trnV-UAC, petB, petD, and ndhA in vivo, as revealed by RNA immunoprecipitation coupled with deep sequencing (RIP-Seq); and that PUMPKIN can bind RNA efficiently in vitro. Analyses of target transcripts showed that PUMPKIN affects their metabolism. Null alleles and knockdowns of pumpkin were viable but clearly affected in growth, plastid translation, and photosynthetic performance. In pumpkin mutants, the levels of many plastid transcripts were reduced, while the amounts of others were increased, as revealed by RNA-Seq analysis. PUMPKIN is a homomultimeric, plastid-localized protein that forms in vivo RNA-containing megadalton-sized complexes and catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of UMP to UDP in vitro with properties characteristic of known essential eubacterial UMP kinases. A moonlighting function of PUMPKIN combining RNA and pyrimidine metabolism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Schmid
- Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Ohler
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Street, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Torsten Möhlmann
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Street, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Andreas Brachmann
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jose M Muiño
- Humboldt University, Faculty of Life Science, Philipp Street 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nikolay Manavski
- Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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25
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Jiang H, Zhao X, Fang J, Xiao Y. Physiological responses and metal uptake of Miscanthus under cadmium/arsenic stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:28275-28284. [PMID: 30078134 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the impact of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) stress on physiological indexes and Cd/As uptake ability of Miscanthus, including Miscanthus sacchariflorus A0104, Miscanthus sinensis C0424 and C0640. Cd and As concentration showed significant hormesis effects on some physiological indexes, such as chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and MDA content. Compared with control group, Cd uptake can be most greatly enhanced by above fourfold with 150 mg/kg Cd treatment. As uptake of A0104 was increased by 3 ~ 33 folds with 200 mg/kg As treatment, C0424 was increased by 7-12 folds with 100 mg/kg As treatment, while C0640 was increased 1 ~ 6 folds with 250 mg/kg As treatment. The results also showed that C0640 was relatively better for the Cd remediation in the high Cd concentration (150 mg/kg) contaminated soil, while A0104 and C0424 were relatively better for the As remediation in the high As concentration (100 ~ 200 mg/kg) contaminated soil. Additionally, significantly (p < 0.05) close correlations were found among physiological indexes (except MDA content), while physiological indexes showed no significant relationship with the heavy metal contents in root, stem, and leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Jiang
- College of Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- College of Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunhua Xiao
- College of Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
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Chen F, Dong G, Ma X, Wang F, Zhang Y, Xiong E, Wu J, Wang H, Qian Q, Wu L, Yu Y. UMP kinase activity is involved in proper chloroplast development in rice. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:53-67. [PMID: 29392476 PMCID: PMC5999181 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of leaf-color mutants is important in understanding the mechanisms of chloroplast biogenesis and development. In this study, we identified and characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, yellow leaf 2 (yl2), exhibiting pale yellow leaves with a few longitudinal white stripes at the early seedling stage then gradually turning yellow. Genetic analyses revealed that YL2 encodes a thylakoid membrane-localized protein with significant sequence similarity to UMP kinase proteins in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotic UMP kinase activity was subsequently confirmed, with YL2 deficiency causing a significant reduction in chlorophyll accumulation and photochemical efficiency. Moreover, YL2 is also light dependent and preferentially expressed in green tissues. Chloroplast development was abnormal in the yl2 mutant, possibly due to reduced accumulation of thylakoid membranes and a lack of normal stroma lamellae. 2D Blue-Native SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analyses revealed a reduction in several subunits of photosynthetic complexes, in particular, the AtpB subunit of ATP synthase, while mRNA levels of corresponding genes were unchanged or increased compared with the wild type. In addition, we observed a significant decrease (ca. 36.3%) in cpATPase activity in the yl2 mutant compared with the wild type. Taken together, our results suggest that UMP kinase activity plays an essential role in chloroplast development and regulating cpATPase biogenesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Erhui Xiong
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahuan Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huizhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, China
| | - Limin Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanchun Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China.
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27
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Wu H, Shi N, An X, Liu C, Fu H, Cao L, Feng Y, Sun D, Zhang L. Candidate Genes for Yellow Leaf Color in Common Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and Major Related Metabolic Pathways according to Transcriptome Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061594. [PMID: 29843474 PMCID: PMC6032196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic capacity and efficiency of a crop depends on the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments and chloroplast development. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of chloroplast development and chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis in common wheat because of its huge and complex genome. Ygm, a spontaneous yellow-green leaf color mutant of winter wheat, exhibits reduced Chl contents and abnormal chloroplast development. Thus, we searched for candidate genes associated with this phenotype. Comparative transcriptome profiling was performed using leaves from the yellow leaf color type (Y) and normal green color type (G) of the Ygm mutant progeny. We identified 1227 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Y compared with G (i.e., 689 upregulated genes and 538 downregulated genes). Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the DEGs were involved in Chl biosynthesis (i.e., magnesium chelatase subunit H (CHLH) and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) genes), carotenoid biosynthesis (i.e., β-carotene hydroxylase (BCH) genes), photosynthesis, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. We also identified heat shock protein (HSP) genes (sHSP, HSP70, HSP90, and DnaJ) and heat shock transcription factor genes that might have vital roles in chloroplast development. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the relevant DEGs confirmed the RNA-Seq results. Moreover, measurements of seven intermediate products involved in Chl biosynthesis and five carotenoid compounds involved in carotenoid-xanthophyll biosynthesis confirmed that CHLH and BCH are vital enzymes for the unusual leaf color phenotype in Y type. These results provide insights into leaf color variation in wheat at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Wu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Narong Shi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xuyao An
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Cong Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hongfei Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Li Cao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yi Feng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Daojie Sun
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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28
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Sandhu D, Coleman Z, Atkinson T, Rai KM, Mendu V. Genetics and Physiology of the Nuclearly Inherited Yellow Foliar Mutants in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:471. [PMID: 29696030 PMCID: PMC5904354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant photosynthetic pigments are important in harvesting the light energy and transfer of energy during photosynthesis. There are several yellow foliar mutants discovered in soybean and chromosomal locations for about half of them have been deduced. Viable-yellow mutants are capable of surviving with decreased photosynthesis, while lethal-yellow mutants die shortly after germination. In addition to the decreased chlorophyll content, other features associated with yellow mutants include altered Chl a and Chl b ratio, reduction in chloroplast size and number, lower levels of other photosynthetic pigments, inability of thylakoids to stack into granum, lack of lamellae to interconnect granum and reduced size of the light harvesting complex. For some yellow mutants, temperature and/or light play a critical role in the manifestation of phenotype. Although yellow foliar mutants are viewed as undesirable for crop production, there is the possibility of these mutants to create a positive impact by reducing the total amount of chlorophyll and diverting resources toward increased biochemical photosynthetic capacity leading to increased yield. Recent advances in model plants led to the isolation and characterization of various genes associated with yellow foliar phenotype. Knowledge gained from the model plants can be applied using homology based cloning approach to isolate genes in soybean and understanding the modes of actions of the involved proteins. Identifying and characterizing yellow foliar mutants will not only aid in understanding the biosynthetic pathways involved in the photosynthetic machinery, but may also provide ways to increase soybean productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary Coleman
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI, United States
| | - Taylor Atkinson
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI, United States
| | - Krishan M. Rai
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Venugopal Mendu
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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Zhu X, Shen W, Huang J, Zhang T, Zhang X, Cui Y, Sang X, Ling Y, Li Y, Wang N, Zhao F, Zhang C, Yang Z, He G. Mutation of the OsSAC1 Gene, which Encodes an Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein with an Unknown Function, Causes Sugar Accumulation in Rice Leaves. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:487-499. [PMID: 29272542 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sugars are the most abundant organic compounds produced by plants, and can be used to build carbon skeletons and generate energy. The sugar accumulation 1 (OsSAC1) gene encodes a protein with an unknown function that exhibits four N-terminal transmembrane regions and two conserved domains of unknown function, DUF4220 and DUF594. OsSAC1 was found to be poorly and specifically expressed at the bottoms of young leaves and in the developing leaf sheaths. Subcellular location results showed that OsSAC1 was co-localized with ER:mCherry and targeted the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). OsSAC1 has been found to affect sugar partitioning in rice (Oryza sativa). I2/KI starch staining, ultrastructure observations and starch content measurements indicated that more and larger starch granules accumulated in ossac1 source leaves than in wild-type (WT) source leaves. Additionally, higher sucrose and glucose concentrations accumulated in the ossac1 source leaves than in WT source leaves, whereas lower sucrose and glucose concentrations were observed in the ossac1 young leaves and developing leaf sheaths than in those of the WT. Much greater expression of OsAGPL1 and OsAGPS1 (responsible for starch synthesis) and significantly less expression of OscFBP1, OscFBP2, OsSPS1 and OsSPS11 (responsible for sucrose synthesis) and OsSWEET11, OsSWEET14 and OsSUT1 (responsible for sucrose loading) occurred in ossac1 source leaves than in WT source leaves. A greater amount of the rice plasmodesmatal negative regulator OsGSD1 was detected in ossac1 young leaves and developing leaf sheaths than in those of the WT. These results suggest that ER-targeted OsSAC1 may indirectly regulate sugar partitioning in carbon-demanding young leaves and developing leaf sheaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wenqiang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Junyang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Tianquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yuanjiang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xianchun Sang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yinghua Ling
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Fangmin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Guanghua He
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Rice Research Institute of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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Wang R, Yang F, Zhang XQ, Wu D, Tan C, Westcott S, Broughton S, Li C, Zhang W, Xu Y. Characterization of a Thermo-Inducible Chlorophyll-Deficient Mutant in Barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1936. [PMID: 29184561 PMCID: PMC5694490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color is an important trait for not only controlling crop yield but also monitoring plant status under temperature stress. In this study, a thermo-inducible chlorophyll-deficient mutant, named V-V-Y, was identified from a gamma-radiated population of the barley variety Vlamingh. The leaves of the mutant were green under normal growing temperature but turned yellowish under high temperature in the glasshouse experiment. The ratio of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in the mutant declined much faster in the first 7-9 days under heat treatment. The leaves of V-V-Y turned yellowish but took longer to senesce under heat stress in the field experiment. Genetic analysis indicated that a single nuclear gene controlled the mutant trait. The mutant gene (vvy) was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 4H between SNP markers 1_0269 and 1_1531 with a genetic distance of 2.2 cM and a physical interval of 9.85 Mb. A QTL for grain yield was mapped to the same interval and explained 10.4% of the yield variation with a LOD score of 4. This QTL is coincident with the vvy gene interval that is responsible for the thermo-inducible chlorophyll-deficient trait. Fine mapping, based on the barley reference genome sequence, further narrowed the vvy gene to a physical interval of 0.428 Mb with 11 annotated genes. This is the first report of fine mapping a thermo-inducible chlorophyll-deficient gene in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agriculture Use of Wetland, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Dianxin Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agriculture Use of Wetland, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Tan
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Sharon Westcott
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sue Broughton
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agriculture Use of Wetland, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yanhao Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agriculture Use of Wetland, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Sheng Z, Lv Y, Li W, Luo R, Wei X, Xie L, Jiao G, Shao G, Wang J, Tang S, Hu P. Yellow-Leaf 1 encodes a magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase, involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177989. [PMID: 28558018 PMCID: PMC5448749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase (MPEC) catalyzes the conversion of MPME to divinyl protochlorophyllide (DVpchlide). This is an essential enzyme during chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis but details of its function in rice are still lacking. Here, we identified a novel rice mutant yellow-leaf 1 (yl-1), which showed decreased Chl accumulation, abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure and attenuated photosynthetic activity. Map-based cloning and over-expression analysis suggested that YL-1 encodes a subunit of MPEC. The YL-1 protein localizes in chloroplasts, and it is mainly expressed in green tissues, with greatest abundance in leaves and young panicles. Results of qRT-PCR showed that Chl biosynthesis upstream genes were highly expressed in the yl-1 mutant, while downstream genes were compromised, indicating that YL-1 plays a pivotal role in the Chl biosynthesis. Furthermore, the expression levels of photosynthesis and chloroplast development genes were also affected. RNA-seq results futher proved that numerous membrane-associated genes, including many plastid membrane-associated genes, have altered expression pattern in the yl-1 mutant, implying that YL-1 is required for plastid membrane stability. Thus, our study confirms a putative MPME cyclase as a novel key enzyme essential for Chl biosynthesis and chloroplast membrane stability in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yusong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Agricultural College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Rongjian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Agricultural College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (PH); (ST)
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (PH); (ST)
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Mei J, Li F, Liu X, Hu G, Fu Y, Liu W. Newly identified CSP41b gene localized in chloroplasts affects leaf color in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 256:39-45. [PMID: 28167036 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A rice mutant with light-green leaves was discovered from a transgenic line of Oryza sativa. The mutant has reduced chlorophyll content and abnormal chloroplast morphology throughout its life cycle. Genetic analysis revealed that a single nuclear-encoded recessive gene is responsible for the mutation, here designated as lgl1. To isolate the lgl1 gene, a high-resolution physical map of the chromosomal region around the lgl1 gene was made using a mapping population consisting of 1984 mutant individuals. The lgl1 gene was mapped in the 76.5kb region between marker YG4 and marker YG5 on chromosome 12. Sequence analysis revealed that there was a 39bp deletion within the fourth exon of the candidate gene Os12g0420200 (TIGR locus Os12g23180) encoding a chloroplast stem-loop-binding protein of 41kDa b (CSP41b). The lgl1 mutation was rescued by transformation with the wild type CSP41b gene. Accordingly, the CSP41b gene is identified as the LGL1 gene. CSP41b was transcribed in various tissues and was mainly expressed in leaves. Expression of CSP41b-GFP fusion protein indicated that CSP41b is localized in chloroplasts. The expression levels of some key genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis, such as ChlD, ChlI, Hema1, Ygl1, POR, Cab1R, Cab2R, PsaA, and rbcL, was significantly changed in the lgl1 mutant. Our results demonstrate that CSP41b is a novel gene required for normal leaf color and chloroplast morphology in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Feifei Li
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xuri Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Guocheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Yaping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Wenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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Wang X, Huang R, Quan R. Mutation in Mg-Protoporphyrin IX Monomethyl Ester Cyclase Decreases Photosynthesis Capacity in Rice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171118. [PMID: 28129387 PMCID: PMC5271374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In photosynthesis, the pigments chlorophyll a/b absorb light energy to convert to chemical energy in chloroplasts. Though most enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis from glutamyl-tRNA to chlorophyll a/b have been identified, the exact composition and regulation of the multimeric enzyme Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase (MPEC) is largely unknown. In this study, we isolated a rice pale-green leaf mutant m167 with yellow-green leaf phenotype across the whole lifespan. Chlorophyll content decreases 43-51% and the granal stacks of chloroplasts becomes thinner in m167. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including Fv/Fm (the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII) and quantum yield of PSII (Y(II)), were lower in m167 than those in wild type plants (WT), and photosynthesis rate decreases 40% in leaves of m167 mutant compared with WT plants, which lead to yield reduction in m167. Genetic analysis revealed that yellow-green leaf phenotype of m167 is controlled by a single recessive genetic locus. By positional cloning, a single mutated locus, G286A (Alanine 96 to Threonine in protein), was found in the coding sequence of LOC_Os01g17170 (Rice Copper Response Defect 1, OsCRD1), encoding a putative subunit of MPEC. Expression profile analysis demonstrated that OsCRD1 is mainly expressed in green tissues of rice. Sequence alignment analysis of CRD1 indicated that Alanine 96 is very conserved in all green plants and photosynthetic bacteria. OsCRD1 protein mainly locates in chloroplast and the point mutation A96T in OsCRD1 does not change its location. Therefore, Alanine96 of OsCRD1 might be fundamental for MPEC activity, mutation of which leads to deficiency in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development and decreases photosynthetic capacity in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Ruidang Quan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Cao Z, Sui S, Yang Q, Deng Z. A single gene controls leaf background color in caladium (Araceae) and is tightly linked to genes for leaf main vein color, spotting and rugosity. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2017; 4:16067. [PMID: 28101369 PMCID: PMC5209669 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Modern cultivated caladiums (Caladium×hortulanum) are grown for their long-lasting and colorful leaves. Understanding the mode of inheritance for caladium leaf characteristics is critical for plant breeders to select appropriate parents, predict progeny performance, estimate breeding population sizes needed, and increase breeding efficiencies. This study was conducted to determine the mode of inheritance of two leaf background colors (lemon and green) in caladium and to understand their relationships with four other important leaf characteristics including leaf shape, main vein color, spotting, and rugosity. Seven caladium cultivars and three breeding lines were used as parents in 19 crosses, and their progeny were phenotyped for segregation of leaf traits. Results showed that the two leaf background colors are controlled by a single nuclear locus, with two alleles, LEM and lem, which control the dominant lemon and the recessive green leaf background color, respectively. The lemon-colored cultivar 'Miss Muffet' and breeding lines UF-52 and UF-53 have a heterozygous genotype LEMlem. Chi-square tests showed that the leaf background color locus LEM is independent from the leaf shape locus F, but is tightly linked to three loci (S, V and RLF) controlling leaf spotting, main vein color, and rugosity in caladium. A linkage map that consists of four loci controlling major caladium leaf characteristics and extends ~15 cM was developed based on the observed recombination frequencies. This is the first report on the mode of inheritance of leaf background colors in caladium and in the Araceae family. The information gained in this study will be very useful for caladium breeding and study of the inheritance of leaf colors in other ornamental aroids, an important group of ornamental plants in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cao
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Department of Environmental Horticulture, IFAS, University of Florida, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Shunzhao Sui
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Visiting Scientist, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Department of Environmental Horticulture, IFAS, University of Florida, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Qian Yang
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Department of Environmental Horticulture, IFAS, University of Florida, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Zhanao Deng
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Department of Environmental Horticulture, IFAS, University of Florida, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
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