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Dubinsky M, Rice A, Yarlas A, Hur P, Cappelleri JC, Kulisek N, Fahrny A, Bushmakin A, Biedermann L. Systematic Literature Review: Ability of the IBDQ-32 to Detect Meaningful Change in Ulcerative Colitis Health Indicators. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023:izad282. [PMID: 38150386 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous reviews produced weak evidence regarding the responsiveness of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ-32) to changes in ulcerative colitis (UC) health indicators. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide an updated synthesis on IBDQ-32 responsiveness. METHODS A systematic literature review identified 11 articles reporting IBDQ-32 responder analyses in randomized control trials, which were included in a random effects meta-analysis, and 15 articles linking IBDQ-32 change to change in UC health indicators, which were summarized narratively. Meta-analysis compared differences between IBDQ-32 responder proportions in efficacious and nonefficacious treatment arms relative to placebo. Linear meta-regression examined the association of treatment efficacy and proportions of IBDQ-32 responders in active treatment compared with placebo. RESULTS Meta-analysis showed larger differences in IBDQ-32 response proportions between active treatment and placebo for efficacious treatments (pooled OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.83-2.63) than nonefficacious treatments (pooled OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.84-1.74; Cochran's Q[df = 1] = 8.26, P = .004). Meta-regression showed that the magnitude of treatment efficacy positively predicted IBDQ-32 response in active treatments relative to placebo (β = 0.21, P < .001). Moderate to strong correlations were found between change in IBDQ-32 and change in health indicators (eg, patient-reported measures, disease activity, endoscopic indices; correlations, 0.37-0.64 in absolute values). Patients achieving clinical response or remission showed greater change in IBDQ-32 total scores (range, 22.3-50.1 points) and more frequently met clinically meaningful thresholds on the IBDQ-32 than those not achieving clinical response or remission (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The IBDQ-32 is responsive to changes in UC health indicators and disease activity, including in response to efficacious treatment (relative to placebo).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron Yarlas
- formerly of QualityMetric Incorporated, LLC, Johnston, RI, USA
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Tang Q, Fakih HH, Zain Ui Abideen M, Hildebrand SR, Afshari K, Gross KY, Sousa J, Maebius AS, Bartholdy C, Søgaard PP, Jackerott M, Hariharan V, Summers A, Fan X, Okamura K, Monopoli KR, Cooper DA, Echeverria D, Bramato B, McHugh N, Furgal RC, Dresser K, Winter SJ, Biscans A, Chuprin J, Haddadi NS, Sherman S, Yıldız-Altay Ü, Rashighi M, Richmond JM, Bouix-Peter C, Blanchard C, Clauss A, Alterman JF, Khvorova A, Harris JE. Rational design of a JAK1-selective siRNA inhibitor for the modulation of autoimmunity in the skin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7099. [PMID: 37925520 PMCID: PMC10625637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of Janus kinase (JAK) family enzymes is a popular strategy for treating inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases. In the clinic, small molecule JAK inhibitors show distinct efficacy and safety profiles, likely reflecting variable selectivity for JAK subtypes. Absolute JAK subtype selectivity has not yet been achieved. Here, we rationally design small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that offer sequence-specific gene silencing of JAK1, narrowing the spectrum of action on JAK-dependent cytokine signaling to maintain efficacy and improve safety. Our fully chemically modified siRNA supports efficient silencing of JAK1 expression in human skin explant and modulation of JAK1-dependent inflammatory signaling. A single injection into mouse skin enables five weeks of duration of effect. In a mouse model of vitiligo, local administration of the JAK1 siRNA significantly reduces skin infiltration of autoreactive CD8+ T cells and prevents epidermal depigmentation. This work establishes a path toward siRNA treatments as a new class of therapeutic modality for inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Hassan H Fakih
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Mohammad Zain Ui Abideen
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Samuel R Hildebrand
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Khashayar Afshari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Katherine Y Gross
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Sousa
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Allison S Maebius
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vignesh Hariharan
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ashley Summers
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Xueli Fan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ken Okamura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Kathryn R Monopoli
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - David A Cooper
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Dimas Echeverria
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Brianna Bramato
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nicholas McHugh
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Raymond C Furgal
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Karen Dresser
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Sarah J Winter
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Annabelle Biscans
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jane Chuprin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nazgol-Sadat Haddadi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Shany Sherman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ümmügülsüm Yıldız-Altay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Mehdi Rashighi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jillian M Richmond
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Clauss
- LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Julia F Alterman
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Anastasia Khvorova
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - John E Harris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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3
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Sin R, Sotogaku N, Ohnishi YN, Shuto T, Kuroiwa M, Kawahara Y, Sugiyama K, Murakami Y, Kanai M, Funakoshi H, Chakraborti A, Bibb JA, Nishi A. Inhibition of STAT-mediated cytokine responses to chemically-induced colitis prevents inflammation-associated neurobehavioral impairments. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:173-186. [PMID: 37625556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression can be associated with chronic systemic inflammation, and production of peripheral proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of the kynurenine pathway have been implicated in pathogenesis of depression. However, the mechanistic bases for these comorbidities are not yet well understood. As tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which convert tryptophan to kynurenine, are rate-limiting enzymes of the kynurenine pathway, we screened TDO or IDO inhibitors for effects on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in a mouse macrophage cell line. The TDO inhibitor 680C91 attenuated LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and IL-6. Surprisingly, this effect was TDO-independent, as it occurred even in peritoneal macrophages from TDO knockout mice. Instead, the anti-inflammatory effects of 680C91 were mediated through the suppression of signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT) signaling. Furthermore, 680C91 suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines and STAT signaling in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease. Specifically, 680C91 effectively attenuated acute phase colon cytokine responses in male mice subjected to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Interestingly, this treatment also prevented the development of anxiodepressive-like neurobehaviors in DSS-treated mice during the recovery phase. The ability of 680C91 to prevent anxiodepressive-like behavior in response to chemically-induced colitis appeared to be due to rescue of attenuated dopamine responses in the nucleus accumbens. Thus, inhibition of STAT-mediated, but TDO-independent proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages can prevent inflammation-associated anxiety and depression. Identification of molecular mechanisms involved may facilitate the development of new treatments for gastrointestinal-neuropsychiatric comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Sin
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Sotogaku
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinori N Ohnishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takahide Shuto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Mahomi Kuroiwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yukie Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Keita Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kanai
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Funakoshi
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Ayanabha Chakraborti
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University of Arizona College of Medicine in Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004-2230, USA
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University of Arizona College of Medicine in Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004-2230, USA
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
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4
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Jadon DR, Corp N, van der Windt DA, Coates LC, Soriano ER, Kavanaugh A, Raine T, Rieder F, Siebert S, Zummer M, Schwartzman S, Rosenbaum JT, Michelsen B, Laxminarayan R, Wu D, Gupta L, Ng B, Jethwa H, De Windt N, Gudu T, Hutton J, O'Sullivan D, Luchetti MM, Stoll M, Singh JA, Peluso R, Rademacher J, Husni ME. Management of Concomitant Inflammatory Bowel Disease or Uveitis in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: An Updated Review Informing the 2021 GRAPPA Treatment Recommendations. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:438-450. [PMID: 36455946 PMCID: PMC10921838 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several advanced therapies have been licensed across the related conditions of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), Crohn disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and noninfectious uveitis. We sought to summarize results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy and safety of advanced therapies for these related conditions in patients with PsA. METHODS We updated the previous systematic search conducted in 2013 with literature reviews of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (from February 2013 to August 2020) on this subject; only those new studies are presented here. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. RESULTS The number of RCTs meeting eligibility criteria were 12 for CD, 15 for UC, and 5 for uveitis. The tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) class appears to be efficacious and safe across CD, UC, and uveitis, with the exception of etanercept. Interleukin 12/23 inhibitors (IL-12/23i) are efficacious for CD and UC. Phase II and III RCTs of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) and IL-23i in CD and UC are promising in terms of efficacy and safety. IL-17i must be used with great caution in patients with PsA at high risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). RCTs in uveitis have mainly studied adalimumab. CONCLUSION We have identified 32 recent RCTs in IBD and uveitis and updated recommendations for managing patients with PsA and these related conditions. A multispecialty approach is essential to effectively, safely, and holistically manage such patients. Advanced therapies are not equally efficacious across these related conditions, with dosing regimens and safety varying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak R Jadon
- D.R. Jadon, MBBCh, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;
| | - Nadia Corp
- N. Corp, PhD, D.A. van der Windt, PhD, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Danielle A van der Windt
- N. Corp, PhD, D.A. van der Windt, PhD, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Laura C Coates
- L.C. Coates, MBChB, PhD, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Enrique R Soriano
- E.R. Soriano, MD, MSc, Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Services, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, and University Institute Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arthur Kavanaugh
- A. Kavanaugh, MD, Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tim Raine
- T. Raine, MB, BChir, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Rieder
- F. Rieder, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan Siebert
- S. Siebert, MD, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michel Zummer
- M. Zummer, MD, Division of Rheumatology, CH Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sergio Schwartzman
- S. Schwartzman, MD, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - James T Rosenbaum
- J.T. Rosenbaum, MD, Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, and Cell Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, and the Legacy Devers Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brigitte Michelsen
- B. Michelsen, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of Southern Norway Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Ramasharan Laxminarayan
- R. Laxminarayan, MD, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Burton-on-Trent, UK
| | - Dongze Wu
- D. Wu, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Latika Gupta
- L. Gupta, MD, DM, Department of Rheumatology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, and Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Beverly Ng
- B. Ng, MBBS, MSc, Rheumatology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah Jethwa
- H. Jethwa, MBChB, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nick De Windt
- N. De Windt, BS, Department of Rheumatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tania Gudu
- T. Gudu, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS FT, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph Hutton
- J. Hutton, MBChB, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Denis O'Sullivan
- D. O'Sullivan, BE, Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Disease Unit, Our Lady's Hospice & Care Services, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michele M Luchetti
- M.M. Luchetti, MD, Clinica Medica, Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matthew Stoll
- M. Stoll, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Epidemiology at the UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rosario Peluso
- R. Peluso, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Rheumatology Research Unit, School of Medicine, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Judith Rademacher
- J. Rademacher, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Infection, and Rheumatology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Elaine Husni
- M.E. Husni, MD, MPH, Department of Rheumatologic and Immunologic Disease, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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State M, Negreanu L. Defining the Failure of Medical Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Era of Advanced Therapies: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020544. [PMID: 36831079 PMCID: PMC9953124 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expansion of advanced therapies for inflammatory bowel disease created a lag between the development of these new therapies and their incorporation and use in daily practice. At present, no clear definitions for treatment optimization, treatment failure or criteria to abandon therapy are available. We aimed to centralize criteria for a nonresponse to all available molecules and to summarize guideline principles for treatment optimization. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of studies that reported criteria for the treatment response to all advanced therapies (infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, ustekinumab, vedolizumab and tofacitinib) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. RESULTS Across trials, criteria for a response of both patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are heterogenous. Investigators use different definitions for clinical and endoscopic remission, and endoscopic response and outcomes are assessed at variable time points. Current society guidelines provide heterogenous recommendations on treatment optimization. Most available data on loss of response concern anti-TNF molecules, and newer therapies are not included in the guidelines. CONCLUSION The lack of clear definitions and formal recommendations provide the premise for empirical treatment strategies and premature abandonment of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica State
- Department 5, Internal Medicine—Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Negreanu
- Department 5, Internal Medicine—Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Armuzzi A, Hart A, Cappelleri JC, Mammar N, Hur P, Hoskin B, Hennessy F, Milligan G, Dignass A. Characteristics, clinical outcomes and patient-reported outcomes of patients with ulcerative colitis receiving tofacitinib: a real-world survey in the United States and five European countries. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:17. [PMID: 36658481 PMCID: PMC9849840 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe variations in treatment patterns, clinical outcomes, patient-reported outcomes (PRO), and physician and patient satisfaction in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) treated with tofacitinib in a real-world setting. METHODS Data were drawn from the Adelphi UC Disease Specific Programme™, a point-in-time survey of physicians and their consulting patients in the US and Europe. For inclusion in this analysis, gastroenterologists completed medical record forms for the next seven consecutive consulting patients with confirmed UC, plus a further two patient record forms for patients treated with tofacitinib. Those same patients then completed a patient-reported questionnaire. RESULTS Gastroenterologists (n = 340) provided data for 2049 patients with UC, including 642 patients receiving tofacitinib. Physicians' most frequent reason for choosing tofacitinib was overall efficacy (71.3% of patients). The proportion of patients in remission increased with length of treatment, from 13.7% at [0, 4) weeks to 68.3% at [52+] weeks. Both physicians and patients reported that the Mayo components of stool frequency and blood in stool were reduced with time on treatment. Improvement in symptoms (bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain/cramps, urgency, rectal bleeding, fatigue/tiredness) was reported in the first weeks of treatment, and increased with time. At week [52+], mean score reductions from treatment initiation to current in overall symptom severity, pain, and fatigue were 2.2 (to a current mean score of 1.1), 2.2 (to 0.9), and 2.1 (to 1.0), respectively. Comparing patients at weeks [0, 4) and [52+] (all PROs, p < 0.0001), the increase in EQ-5D-5L index total score was 0.29 points and in SIBDQ total score was 20.5 points; percent reductions in WPAI absenteeism was 34.4%, presenteeism 26.8%, overall work impairment 40.9% and activity impairment was 28.3%. These changes reached the thresholds for minimally clinically important differences. The majority of physicians (91.9%) and patients (93.5%) were satisfied with tofacitinib at week [52+]. CONCLUSION Patients with moderate-to-severe UC treated with tofacitinib show considerable improvement in symptoms and quality of life from tofacitinib initiation to one year and beyond, with high rates of remission. Physicians and patients report satisfaction with UC control at recommended doses in a mostly biologic experienced population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Armuzzi
- grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy ,grid.452490.eDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ailsa Hart
- grid.416510.7IBD Unit, St. Mark’s Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Nadir Mammar
- grid.476471.70000 0004 0593 9797Pfizer France, Paris, France
| | - Peter Hur
- grid.410513.20000 0000 8800 7493Pfizer Inc, New York, NY USA
| | | | | | | | - Axel Dignass
- grid.491941.00000 0004 0621 6785Department of Medicine I, Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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7
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Komeda Y, Kono M, Kashida H, Tribonias G, Masaki S, Takada R, Nagai T, Hagiwara S, Nishida N, Takenaka M, Honjo H, Matsui S, Tsuji N, Kudo M. Successful initial tofacitinib treatment for acute severe ulcerative colitis with steroid resistance: a case series. Ann Gastroenterol 2023; 36:97-102. [PMID: 36593812 PMCID: PMC9756026 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2022.0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The standard therapy for acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is intravenous corticosteroids; however, 30% of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients do not recover with corticosteroids alone. Few studies have reported the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for ASUC with steroid resistance. We report a case series of successful first-line treatment consisting of tofacitinib (20 mg/day) administered to ASUC patients with steroid resistance. Methods Patients diagnosed with ASUC at our institution between October 2018 and February 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. They were administered a high dose of tofacitinib (20 mg) after showing no response to steroid therapy in a dose of 1-1.5 mg/kg/day. Results Eight patients with ASUC, 4 (50%) men, median age 47.1 (range 19-65) years, were included. Four patients were newly diagnosed, and the median UC duration was 4 (range 0-20) years. Six of the 8 patients were able to avoid colectomy. One patient (patient 2) had no response; however, remission was achieved after switching from tofacitinib to infliximab. One patient (patient 6) with no response to tofacitinib underwent total colectomy. Only one patient (patient 4) experienced an adverse event, local herpes zoster, treated with acyclovir without tofacitinib discontinuation. Conclusions Clinical remission without serious adverse events can be achieved with high probability and colectomy can be avoided by first administering high-dose tofacitinib to steroid-resistant ASUC patients. Tofacitinib may be one of the first-line treatment options for steroid-resistant ASUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriaki Komeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Masashi Kono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kashida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - George Tribonias
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Sho Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Takada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Satoru Hagiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Naoshi Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takenaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Hajime Honjo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Shigenaga Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Naoko Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Japan
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8
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Rodríguez Meza MR, Nakamura M, Yamamura T, Maeda K, Sawada T, Ishikawa E, Kakushima N, Furukawa K, Iida T, Mizutani Y, Ishikawa T, Ohno E, Honda T, Kawashima H, Ishigami M. Analysis of immunologic comorbidities in ulcerative colitis patients: a tool to prevent exacerbations in ulcerative colitis cases. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022; 84:733-745. [PMID: 36544593 PMCID: PMC9748329 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.84.4.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There have been previous studies, especially in Western countries and even in some areas in Asia, about extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) and its link with the outcome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). This link is crucial when discussing a patient's prognosis and important when dealing with UC management. The aim of this study was to clarify the most common comorbidities associated with UC, emphasizing immunologic comorbidities in Japan. This study was a retrospective analysis performed at Nagoya University Hospital. The data collection started in March, 2019, and continued for two years. We retrieved the medical records of 105 patients with UC diagnosis, from which the data of 176 EIMs were extracted and analyzed. Results showed that EIMs with UC in the active phase accounted for 43.7% of total EIMs. Twenty-six patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease frequently had an active phase (odds ratio [OR] 3.84, 99% CI, 1.44-10.27). Comorbidities showing an active manifestation of symptoms and UC in the active phase were significantly correlated in patients with immunological comorbidities, such as peripheral arthritis (r = 0.97, p < 0.01) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (r = 0.99, p < 0.01), as well as in patients with primary sclerosis cholangitis (PSC) (r = 0.98, p < 0.01). In conclusion, this analysis suggests the importance of having full comprehension of how immunological comorbidities affect the natural development of UC, which is of vital importance to prevent further UC complications and properly adjust the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masanao Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Maeda
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Sawada
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naomi Kakushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eizaburo Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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9
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Manning ME, Kashkin JM. Berotralstat (BCX7353) is a novel oral prophylactic treatment for hereditary angioedema: Review of phase II and III studies. Allergy Asthma Proc 2021; 42:274-282. [PMID: 34127176 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2021.42.210034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by unpredictable and potentially life-threatening episodes of swelling in various parts of the body. These attacks can be painful and debilitating, and affect a patient's quality of life. Every patient who experiences an attack should be treated with on-demand medication to mitigate attack severity and duration. Many patients with HAE also receive long-term prophylaxis to reduce the frequency and severity of edema episodes. Although long-term prophylaxis reduces the disease burden for patients with HAE, available intravenous and subcutaneous treatments are accompanied by a significant treatment burden because of the logistical, emotional, and physical challenges posed by their long-term parenteral nature. Androgens are an effective oral prophylactic treatment; however, they are associated with significant adverse events and are not suitable for all patients. Thus, the HAE community has expressed interest in the development of alternative oral prophylactic therapies for preventing HAE attacks. Objective: Here, we review the phase II and III clinical data of berotralstat (BCX7353), which was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in December 2020. Results: Berotralstat is an oral, second-generation, synthetic, small-molecule plasma kallikrein inhibitor taken once daily for the prevention of HAE attacks in patients ages ≥ 12 years. Results from the APeX studies (APeX-1 NCT02870972, APeX-2 NCT03485911, APeX-S NCT03472040, APex-J NCT03873116) demonstrated the efficacy of berotralstat as long-term prophylaxis for patients with HAE, which showed a reduction in the attack rate and on-demand medication usage. Berotralstat was well tolerated, and gastrointestinal treatment-emergent adverse events were generally mild and self-limited. Conclusion: Oral berotralstat is an effective and safe long-term prophylactic treatment for patients with HAE that will provide patients unable to tolerate parenteral therapies with the option of disease control. Berotralstat may be associated with reduced treatment burden compared with injectable therapies, highlighting the importance of patient preference with regard to the administration route of their HAE prophylactic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Manning
- From the Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Associates, Ltd., Scottsdale, Arizona; and
| | - Jay M. Kashkin
- Kashkin Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Center, Fair Lawn, New Jersey
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10
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Yarlas A, Willian MK, Nag A. The impact of clinical symptoms and endoscopic and histologic disease activity on health-related quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis following treatment with multimatrix mesalazine. Qual Life Res 2021; 30:1925-1938. [PMID: 33651279 PMCID: PMC8233235 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-02787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) report that reduced clinical symptoms and endoscopic activity predict better health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, no study has examined the joint and unique associations of clinical and endoscopic activity with HRQoL, nor of histologic inflammation and HRQoL. These post hoc analyses evaluated whether reduced clinical, endoscopic, and histologic disease activity were uniquely associated with improved HRQoL for adults with active mild-to-moderate UC receiving once-daily 4.8 g/day multimatrix mesalazine for 8 weeks. METHODS Assessments at baseline and week 8 (i.e., treatment completion) included clinical and endoscopic activity (modified UC-Disease Activity Index), histology (Geboes scoring), and HRQoL (Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire [SIBDQ]; SF-12v2® Health Survey [SF-12v2]). Associations among each type of disease activity and HRQoL were examined by correlations and by mean changes in SIBDQ and SF-12v2 scores between disease activity subgroups (e.g., achievement of clinical remission; mucosal healing). Regression models estimated unique variance in HRQoL accounted by each type of disease activity. RESULTS Within the analysis sample (n = 717), patients with reduced clinical and endoscopic activity had significantly larger improvements in all HRQoL domains (p < 0.001), as did patients in both endoscopic and clinical remission compared to patients in endoscopic remission only (p < 0.05). Patients with histologic activity post-treatment scored significantly worse on all HRQoL domains than patients with no activity (p < 0.05). Correlations and regression models found that decreases in clinical and endoscopic activity were associated with improvements in HRQoL domain scores. CONCLUSIONS Clinical symptoms and mucosal health have separable, distinct impacts on UC patients' HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Yarlas
- QualityMetric, 1301 Atwood Avenue, Suite 216E, Johnston, RI, 02919, USA.
| | | | - Arpita Nag
- Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
- Sanofi, 270 Albany St, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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11
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Armuzzi A, Liguori G. Quality of life in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis and the impact of treatment: A narrative review. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:803-808. [PMID: 33744172 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a chronic inflammatory disease, ulcerative colitis has significant negative impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Since the disease affects many aspects of QoL, comprising multiple domains, treatments that induce and maintain remission can provide benefits beyond hard clinical endpoints. Effective treatment of ulcerative colitis can restore QoL and return it to normal or near normal levels. Biological therapies have shown consistent improvement in the QoL of patients with ulcerative colitis during the induction phase, with benefits that are generally maintained in the long-term. Current medical treatment options broadly comprise aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, thiopurines, and calcineurin inhibitors, as well as biologic therapies. Conventional therapies do not always adequately control disease in a sizeable portion of patients, while anti-TNF antibodies are associated with several issues such as contraindications, intolerance, primary non-response, and loss of response in some patients. JAK inhibitors have been associated with clinical improvements in disease manifestations and long-term improvement in QoL outcomes. However, additional studies are needed to better understand the comparative effects of different treatments on QoL and patient preferences for therapy. Herein, the available evidence is reviewed regarding the impact of various treatments on QoL in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Armuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome 00168, Italy; Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Ben Ghezala I, Charkaoui M, Michiels C, Bardou M, Luu M. Small Molecule Drugs in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070637. [PMID: 34209234 PMCID: PMC8308576 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), mainly represented by Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), are chronic disorders with an unclear pathogenesis. This incurable and iterative intestinal mucosal inflammation requires the life-long use of anti-inflammatory drugs to prevent flares or relapses, which are the major providers of complications, such as small bowel strictures and intestinal perforations. The introduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors and other compounds, such as anti-IL12/23 and anti-alpha4/beta7 integrin monoclonal antibodies, has considerably improved the clinical management of IBDs. They are now the standard of care, being the first-line therapy in patients with aggressive disease and in patients with moderate to severe disease with an inadequate response to conventional therapy. However, for approximately one third of all patients, their efficacy remains insufficient by a lack or loss of response due to the formation of anti-drug antibodies or compliance difficulties with parenteral formulations. To address these issues, orally administered Small Molecules Drugs (SMDs) that use a broad range of novel pharmacological pathways, such as JAK inhibitors, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, have been developed for CD and UC. This article provides an updated and complete review of the most recently authorized SMDs and SMDs in phase II/III development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Ben Ghezala
- INSERM, CIC1432, Plurithematic Unit, 21079 Dijon, France; (I.B.G.); (M.B.)
- Clinical Investigation Center, Plurithematic Unit, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France
- Ophthalmology Department, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Maëva Charkaoui
- Gastroenterology Department, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France; (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Christophe Michiels
- Gastroenterology Department, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France; (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Marc Bardou
- INSERM, CIC1432, Plurithematic Unit, 21079 Dijon, France; (I.B.G.); (M.B.)
- Clinical Investigation Center, Plurithematic Unit, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France
- Gastroenterology Department, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France; (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Maxime Luu
- INSERM, CIC1432, Plurithematic Unit, 21079 Dijon, France; (I.B.G.); (M.B.)
- Clinical Investigation Center, Plurithematic Unit, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
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13
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Erdağ M, Balbaba M, İlhan N, Çalık İ, Ulaş F, Eröksüz Y, Yıldırım H. Protective effect of filgotinib in rat endotoxin-induced uveitis model. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:2905-2912. [PMID: 33864579 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01851-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the protective effect of filgotinib in endotoxin-induced uveitis model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHOD This study used 24 Wistar Albino rats. Group I (control group) included the healthy controls; in Group II (sham group), only 300 µg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered; and in Group III (treatment group), 3 mg/kg/day filgotinib was administered orally for 10 days followed by 300 µg/kg ip LPS. In all groups, clinical activity scores were evaluated after 24 h. Moreover, histopathological and immunological examinations were performed. RESULTS In Groups I, II, and III, the mean clinical activity and histopathological examination scores were 0.00, 3.25 ± 0.70, and 1.89 ± 0.60 and 0.00, 2.88 ± 1.12, and 1.44 ± 0.52, respectively. The clinical activity and histopathological examination scores were significantly increased in the sham group compared to the control group (p < 0.05); these findings were significantly reduced in the treatment group (p < 0.05). The mean TNF-α and IL-6 ELISA levels in all groups were 50.20 ± 3.24, 59.87 ± 2.98, and 54.34 ± 4.62 and 30.88 ± 1.79, 36.77 ± 1.21, and 33.66 ± 1.86, respectively. The TNF-α and IL-6 ELISA levels were significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to the sham group (p < 0.05); there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (p = 0.105, p = 0.067, respectively) CONCLUSION: Filgotinib may be an alternative treatment option in preventing the development of noninfectious uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Erdağ
- Department of Ophthalmology, Van Training and Research Hospital, 65000, Van, Turkey. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Balbaba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nevin İlhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - İlknur Çalık
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ulaş
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14280, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Yesari Eröksüz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yıldırım
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
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14
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Roy S, Dhaneshwar S, Bhasin B. Drug Repurposing: An Emerging Tool for Drug Reuse, Recycling and Discovery. Curr Drug Res Rev 2021; 13:101-119. [PMID: 33573567 DOI: 10.2174/2589977513666210211163711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug repositioning or repurposing is a revolutionary breakthrough in drug development that focuses on rediscovering new uses for old therapeutic agents. Drug repositioning can be defined more precisely as the process of exploring new indications for an already approved drug while drug repurposing includes overall re-development approaches grounded in the identical chemical structure of the active drug moiety as in the original product. The repositioning approach accelerates the drug development process, curtails the cost and risk inherent to drug development. The strategy focuses on the polypharmacology of drugs to unlocks novel opportunities for logically designing more efficient therapeutic agents for unmet medical disorders. Drug repositioning also expresses certain regulatory challenges that hamper its further utilization. The review outlines the eminent role of drug repositioning in new drug discovery, methods to predict the molecular targets of a drug molecule, advantages that the strategy offers to the pharmaceutical industries, explaining how the industrial collaborations with academics can assist in the discovering more repositioning opportunities. The focus of the review is to highlight the latest applications of drug repositioning in various disorders. The review also includes a comparison of old and new therapeutic uses of repurposed drugs, assessing their novel mechanisms of action and pharmacological effects in the management of various disorders. Various restrictions and challenges that repurposed drugs come across during their development and regulatory phases are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Roy
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India
| | - Suneela Dhaneshwar
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India
| | - Bhavya Bhasin
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
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15
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McKenna SP, Heaney A. Setting and maintaining standards for patient-reported outcome measures: can we rely on the COSMIN checklists? J Med Econ 2021; 24:502-511. [PMID: 33759686 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2021.1907092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As test-developers we have often been troubled by published reviews of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Too often minor issues are judged important while other reviews exclude the best measures available. Perhaps this led several groups to make recommendations for evaluating the quality of PROMs. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist is the latest set of recommendations. While reviewing the COSMIN literature and reviews conducted using their recommendations several concerns became apparent. The checklist is not evidence-based, relying on the opinion of researchers experienced in health-related quality of life. PROMs measuring other types of outcomes are inadequately covered by the checklist. COSMIN choose to focus on Classical Test Theory and the checklists are not appropriate for use with PROMs developed using modern measurement. Such an approach only obstructs progress in the field of outcome measurement. The retrospective nature of the evaluations also penalizes new PROMs. While the checklists imply that composite, ordinal level measurement is acceptable, crucial aspects of instrument development and quality are excluded. Reviews based on the COSMIN checklist produce contradictory conclusions and fail to provide evidence to support the recommendations. These problems suggest that the checklists themselves lack reliability and validity. It is also clear that several reviewers lack the expertise to apply the checklists. Researchers require a good grounding in instrument development and psychometrics to produce quality reviews. The science of modern PROM development is still in an early phase. Few available PROMs have sufficient quality, limiting the need for complex reviews. Standards need to be agreed for high quality outcome measurement. The issue is who should set these standards? Most published reviews merely scratch the surface and lack essential detail. All reviews of PROMs should be treated with caution, irrespective of whether the COSMIN checklist was employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P McKenna
- Galen Research, Manchester, UK
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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16
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Giles H, Pratt G. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitors in the treatment of multiple myeloma: modulating the myeloma immune microenvironment. Br J Haematol 2020; 192:420-422. [PMID: 33341927 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Giles
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Guy Pratt
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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17
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Dubinsky MC, DiBonaventura M, Fan H, Bushmakin AG, Cappelleri JC, Maller E, Thorpe AJ, Salese L, Panés J. Tofacitinib in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire Items in Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Induction Studies. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 27:983-993. [PMID: 32794567 PMCID: PMC8205629 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). We examined the effect of tofacitinib induction treatment on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) items in adults with moderate to severe UC. METHODS Data were pooled from the randomized, 8‑week, double-blind, phase 3 OCTAVE Induction 1 and 2 studies. The IBDQ was self-administered by patients at baseline, week 4, and week 8, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Change from baseline in IBDQ items was analyzed for 10 mg of tofacitinib twice daily (BID) vs placebo using a linear mixed-effects model, with no multiplicity adjustment performed. Effect sizes were calculated. Subgroup analyses by tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) experience were performed. RESULTS Significant improvements (nominal P < 0.05) were observed in all IBDQ items with 10 mg of tofacitinib BID vs placebo at weeks 4 and 8. For the overall population, the largest treatment differences across all items were reported for "bowel movements been loose" at weeks 4 and 8, and "problem with rectal bleeding" at week 8 (mean treatment differences all 1.1; both in bowel symptoms domain). These items also showed the largest effect sizes. Treatment benefits were generally slightly numerically higher in TNFi-experienced vs TNFi-naïve patients. CONCLUSIONS Tofacitinib induction therapy improved all IBDQ items vs placebo in patients with UC, reflecting improvements in HRQoL, with greatest benefits reported in bowel symptoms domain items (Funded by Pfizer Inc; OCTAVE Induction 1 and OCTAVE Induction 2; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01465763 and NCT01458951, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla C Dubinsky
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Haiyun Fan
- Pfizer Inc., Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Maller
- Pfizer Inc., Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Julian Panés
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain,Address correspondence to: Julian Panés, MD, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain. E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
Janus kinase [JAK] inhibitors are a completely novel therapy for the treatment of patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. The oral formulation of tofacitinib has recently been approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. In the placebo-controlled OCTAVE programme, tofacitinib proved to be efficacious for both inducing and maintaining clinical remission, and this both in anti-tumour necrosis factor-naïve and exposed patients. Several other anti-JAK inhibitors are currently explored. This review summarises the available efficacy data from all anti-JAK inhibitors in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ferrante
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Sabino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Small molecule drugs in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: which one, when and why? - a systematic review. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 32:669-677. [PMID: 32282548 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the 'treat-to-target' era of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management, small molecule drugs (SMDs) represent a promising alternative to biomolecular drugs. Moreover, increasing failure rates of anti-tumor necrosis factor α agents have contributed to the development of new molecules with different mechanisms of action and bioavailability. This review focuses on the positioning of new, orally targeted therapies in the treatment algorithm of both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), with special consideration to their efficacy and safety. We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed and clinical trial registries to identify randomized controlled trials assessing SMDs in adult patients with moderate-to-severe IBD, irrespective of previous exposure to other biologics. In this review, we included 15 double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that assessed the efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors, sphingosine-1-phosphate modulators (S1P), SMAD blockers, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors and α-4 antagonists. The primary endpoints in UC were achieved for tofacitinib in the phase III OCTAVE study and AJM-300, with a favorable safety profile. S1P receptor agonists, such as etrasimod and ozanimod, demonstrated favorable results in induction studies. For CD, filgotinib and upadacitinib also met the primary outcome criteria. Available data have demonstrated so far that SMDs have an advantageous safety and efficacy profile. However, their use in a clinical setting will eventually require a personalized, mechanism-based therapeutic approach.
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20
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Yarlas A, Maher S, Bayliss M, Lovley A, Cappelleri JC, Bushmakin AG, DiBonaventura MD. The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire in Randomized Controlled Trials of Treatment for Ulcerative Colitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2020; 7:189-205. [PMID: 32377552 DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The 32-item Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ-32) is the most frequently used instrument to capture disease-specific quality of life in randomized clinical trials for ulcerative colitis. This review and meta-analysis provides the first synthesis of evidence regarding the sensitivity of IBDQ-32 total and domain scores to treatment efficacy. Methods A systematic literature search and risk-of-bias assessment yielded 14 articles that were included in the primary analysis. Treatments were categorized as efficacious if they met the primary efficacy endpoint (which was not the IBDQ-32); otherwise they were categorized as non-efficacious. A continuous measure of treatment efficacy was calculated for each primary efficacy endpoint. Meta-analysis using random-effects models compared standardized mean differences in IBDQ-32 total and domain change scores between target dose and control arms. Meta-regression compared the association between treatment efficacy and these outcomes. Results Studies with efficacious treatments showed larger mean improvements relative to controls in IBDQ-32 total scores and all 4 domains (Hedges' g range: 0.49 to 0.67; P<0.001 for all). At the same time, patients in studies with non-efficacious treatments showed small and nonsignificant improvements in these outcomes relative to controls (Hedges' g range: 0.05 to 0.23; P>0.09 for all). Meta-regression models showed that the magnitude of treatment efficacy was a positive predictor of these same IBDQ-32 outcomes. Conclusions These analyses found that IBDQ-32 scores are sensitive to treatment. The results provided here support the use of the IBDQ-32 to capture treatment benefits on quality of life for patients with ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Yarlas
- Optum Patient Insights, Optum, Inc., Johnston, RI
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Cordes F, Lenker E, Spille LJ, Weinhage T, Bettenworth D, Kessel C, Schmidt HH, Foell D, Varga G. Tofacitinib Reprograms Human Monocytes of IBD Patients and Healthy Controls Toward a More Regulatory Phenotype. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:391-406. [PMID: 31560043 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inhibition of Janus kinases (JAKs) and subsequent signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) by tofacitinib represents a new therapeutic strategy in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) as clinical trials have led to approval of tofacitinib for ulcerative colitis (UC) and hint at a possible efficacy for Crohn`s disease (CD). However, the impact of tofacitinib on cellular response of monocytes, which are key players in inflammatory responses, has not been investigated so far. We aimed to analyze JAK/STAT-inhibition by tofacitinib in monocytes of IBD patients and healthy controls. METHODS Primary monocytes of IBD patients with active disease and healthy controls (n = 18) were analyzed for cytokine expression and phenotype after granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/interferon (IFN)γ-stimulation and tofacitinib pretreatment (1-1000 nM) and capacity to induce Foxp3+-regulatory T cells (Tregs) in cocultures. In total, 20 UC patients and 21 CD patients were included. Additionally, dose-dependent inhibition of JAK/STAT-phosphorylation was analyzed in controls. RESULTS Pro-inflammatory costimulation with GM-CSF/IFNγ resulted in significant tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6 increase, whereas IL-10 expression decreased in monocytes. Tofacitinib modulated the responses of activated monocytes toward a regulatory phenotype through reduced TNFα and IL-6 secretion and enhanced Treg induction in cocultures. However, in monocytes from active IBD patients, higher tofacitinib dosages were needed for blockade of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Tofacitinib induced stronger regulatory phenotypes in monocytes of UC patients, including more effective inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways and better restoration of anti-inflammatory mechanisms as compared with CD-derived monocytes. CONCLUSION Tofacitinib dose-dependently reprograms monocytes toward a more regulatory cell type. This beneficial effect possibly results from selective JAK/STAT-blockade by adequate tofacitinib dosage with inhibition of pro-inflammatory responses and permission of a balance-shift toward regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Cordes
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Lenker
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lea J Spille
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Toni Weinhage
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Kessel
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Schmidt
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Varga
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease associated with considerable disease burden. We review some current misconceptions about UC in adults with the aim of optimizing care for patients. Although UC and Crohn's disease (CD) are considered discrete diseases, distinctions between them are not always clear-cut and phenotypes may change over time. Patient management should take into account disease manifestations, disease severity and extent, and response to prior treatments. Although disease extent often defines severity, distal UC is not always less disabling than extensive disease as patients can progress to more extensive disease. In addition, severe proctitis can give rise to severe and debilitating symptoms, with a substantial impact on health-related quality of life. UC carries an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) compared with CD; however, more recent data indicate a similar risk of CRC in CD with colonic involvement as with UC. Corticosteroids are widely used to induce remission in UC, and prolonged use of steroids in patients with UC is common, but corticosteroid-free maintenance of remission is an important therapeutic goal. Although biologic therapies provide a valuable treatment option in UC, they are not clinically effective in all patients and are also associated with secondary loss of response.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) is based on conventional therapies (aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants) and when these are ineffective, biologic drugs. However, in a substantial portion of patients undergoing treatment with biologic agents there is primary or secondary loss of response. Thus, new therapeutic options are been actively explored; among these, there is interest in the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, small molecules that can be administered orally. METHODS We carried out an extensive literature search concerning the effects of JAK inhibitors for the treatment of patients with UC. RESULTS Tofacitinib is the drug more extensively studied in this setting, and it was recently approved in Europe for the treatment of moderate to severe UC. The available data suggest that this drug can be effective in obtaining clinical and endoscopic remission in UC patients unresponsive to other treatments, even in those previously treated with biologic drugs. In addition, the drug was able to improve significantly the quality of life of these patients. There are still few data available for the treatment of UC with other JAK inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS The JAK inhibitors, in particular tofacitinib, are a new class of orally administered drugs effective for the treatment of UC. However, more studies are needed to ascertain the safety of tofacitinib in the long term and whether other compounds of this class may be equally effective.
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Abstract
Prior to the biologic era, the medical management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was dominated by the use of aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants. In the past two decades, the advent of biologic agents that target specific components of the immune response has greatly improved the care of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, not all patients respond or maintain response to biologic therapy and some patients develop adverse events that necessitate treatment discontinuation. Furthermore, sensitization with formation of anti-drug antibodies is an inherent limitation to administration of monoclonal antibodies. This circumstance has generated renewed interest in the development of novel oral small-molecule drugs (SMDs) that are effective and well tolerated. Several classes of SMDs are currently progressing through the pipeline and offer the promise of oral delivery and high potency. In this review, we summarize different mechanisms of oral drug delivery to the gastrointestinal tract, highlight key findings from phase II and III randomized trials of novel oral SMDs, and discuss how oral SMDs are likely to be integrated into future IBD treatment paradigms. The most advanced development programs currently involve evaluation of compounds blocking Janus kinase (JAK) receptors or modulating sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. Tofacitinib, an oral JAK inhibitor, was recently approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe UC. Several more selective JAK-1 inhibitors, including filgotinib and upadacitinib, have also shown positive results in phase II studies and are currently enrolling in phase III development programs. Similarly, ozanimod, an S1P1 and S1P5 receptor agonist, has shown early favorable results and is enrolling in phase III trials. As these and other novel oral SMDs come to market, several questions will need to be answered. The cost effectiveness, comparative treatment efficacy, predictors of response, and relative safety of oral SMDs compared to existing therapies will need to be evaluated. Given the modest efficacy rates observed with both biologic therapies and novel SMDs to date, the potential for combination therapy based on a non-sensitizing oral option is promising and may be facilitated by development of organ-specific therapies with pharmacodynamic activity restricted to the gut to minimize systemic toxicity.
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Use of Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Arthritis Associated With Ulcerative Colitis. ACG Case Rep J 2019; 6:e00226. [PMID: 31750389 PMCID: PMC6831149 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tofacitinib is a Janus kinase 1–3 inhibitor initially approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and now approved for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). We present the case of a patient with UC and seronegative inflammatory arthritis in whom arthritis progressed while on vedolizumab and was successfully treated with tofacitinib. This case provides insight into the use of tofacitinib for the treatment of UC and a concomitant extraintestinal manifestation of joint involvement.
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Marafini I, Sedda S, Dinallo V, Monteleone G. Inflammatory cytokines: from discoveries to therapies in IBD. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:1207-1217. [PMID: 31373244 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1652267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Although the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) remains unknown, accumulating evidence suggests that the intestinal tissue damage in these disorders is due to a dynamic interplay between immune cells and non-immune cells, which is mediated by cytokines produced within the inflammatory microenvironment. Areas covered: We review the available data about the role of inflammatory cytokines in IBD pathophysiology and provide an overview of the therapeutic options to block the function of such molecules. Expert opinion: Genome studies, in vitro experiments with patients' samples and animal models of colitis, have largely advanced our understanding of how cytokines modulate the ongoing mucosal inflammation in IBD. However, not all the cytokines produced within the damaged gut seem to play a major role in the amplification and perpetuation of the IBD-associated inflammatory cascade. Indeed, while some of the anti-cytokine compounds are effective in some subgroups of IBD patients, others have no benefit. In this complex scenario, a major unmet need is the identification of biomarkers that can predict response to therapy and facilitate a personalized therapeutic approach, which maximizes the benefits and limits the adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Marafini
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Silvia Sedda
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Dinallo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 2015, the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE) program proposed shifting the therapeutic focus on ulcerative colitis (UC) toward altering the natural history of the disease course by regularly monitoring objective measurements of disease activity and tailoring treatment accordingly. The therapeutic paradigm shift was well received in the research community and is often cited. However, new evidence on optimal UC treatment targets continues to accumulate since the time of the STRIDE guidelines. This systematic review summarizes the evidence accrued since the STRIDE UC recommendations, discusses the barriers for adoption of treat-to-target approaches in clinical practice in UC, and suggests directions for future research. METHODS We systematically reviewed MEDLINE for studies from the time of the STRIDE systematic review up to March 31, 2018, that assessed the potential treatment targets identified by the STRIDE recommendations. RESULTS Each potential treatment target literature search returned > 200 articles, which were then reviewed by 2 independent investigators for relevant studies. Selected studies of clinical factors, patient-reported outcomes, endoscopy, histology, imaging, and biomarkers and implications on treatment targets are summarized. CONCLUSIONS It appears that the relative weight given to different therapeutic targets in the development and improvement of UC treatments could be optimized, with an increased emphasis on endoscopic and histological targets over clinical or symptomatic targets. For this evolution to occur, however, new research has to demonstrate that the treat-to-target approach will deliver on the promise of better long-term outcomes compared with current approaches.
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Eficacia de tofacitinib en el tratamiento de la colitis ulcerosa. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2019; 42:403-412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Inhibidores de la vía de señalización JAK-STAT en el tratamiento de las enfermedades inmunomediadas. Med Clin (Barc) 2019; 152:353-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Panés J, D’Haens GR, Higgins PDR, Mele L, Moscariello M, Chan G, Wang W, Niezychowski W, Su C, Maller E. Long-term safety and tolerability of oral tofacitinib in patients with Crohn's disease: results from a phase 2, open-label, 48-week extension study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:265-276. [PMID: 30663107 PMCID: PMC6646954 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor that is being investigated for inflammatory bowel disease. AIMS This 48-week open-label extension study primarily investigated long-term safety of tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg b.d. and secondarily investigated efficacy as maintenance therapy in patients with Crohn's disease. METHODS Patients who had completed the phase 2b maintenance study, or withdrawn due to treatment failure, were enrolled. Patients in remission (Crohn's disease activity index <150) at baseline received tofacitinib 5 mg b.d.; all others received 10 mg b.d. A single dose adjustment was allowed after 8 weeks' fixed, open-label treatment. RESULTS Sixty-two patients received tofacitinib 5 mg b.d.; 88 received 10 mg b.d. Both groups had similar rates of adverse events and serious infections. Crohn's disease worsening was the most frequent adverse event for tofacitinib 5 (33.9%) and 10 mg b.d. (19.3%). Patients not in remission at baseline, receiving 10 mg b.d., had higher rates of serious adverse events (19.3%) and discontinuation attributed to insufficient clinical response (30.7%) vs 5 mg b.d. (8.1% and 9.7%, respectively). At week 48, of patients with baseline remission receiving 5 mg b.d., 87.9% maintained remission and 75.0% sustained remission as observed (46.8% and 38.7%, respectively, by non-responder imputation). Study design prevented between-dose efficacy comparisons. CONCLUSIONS No new safety signals emerged. Although both doses showed generally similar safety outcomes for overall adverse events, serious adverse events were more frequent for tofacitinib 10 than 5 mg b.d. Discontinuation due to insufficient clinical response was lower among patients in remission at baseline. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01470599.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Panés
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases UnitHospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehdBarcelonaSpain
| | - Geert R. D’Haens
- Department of GastroenterologyAcademic Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Linda Mele
- Inflammation & ImmunologyPfizer IncCollegevillePennsylvania
| | | | - Gary Chan
- Inflammation & ImmunologyPfizer IncCollegevillePennsylvania
| | - Wenjin Wang
- Inflammation & ImmunologyPfizer IncCollegevillePennsylvania
| | | | - Chinyu Su
- Inflammation & ImmunologyPfizer IncCollegevillePennsylvania
| | - Eric Maller
- Inflammation & ImmunologyPfizer IncCollegevillePennsylvania
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31
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Estevinho MM, Afonso J, Rosa I, Lago P, Trindade E, Correia L, Dias CC, Magro F. Placebo Effect on the Health-related Quality of Life of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:1232-1244. [PMID: 30010736 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Placebo effect in health-related quality of life [HRQoL] of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients has been poorly characterised. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess: i] mean improvements in IBDQ [Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire] and SF-36 [36-Item Short Form Health Survey] scores among placebo-treated IBD patients; and ii] the proportion of placebo-treated patients achieving IBDQ-defined response and remission and correspondent odds ratios [OR]. METHODS Literature search was performed using four databases. Mean differences and ORs were computed using the random-effects model. Univariate and multivariate regressions were performed to evaluate the weight of different factors on the placebo effect. RESULTS From the 328 identified records 26 were included in the study, comprising 2842 placebo-treated IBD patients. Pooled mean differences on IBDQ following placebo administration were above the clinically meaningful improvement [≥16 points] in ulcerative colitis [UC] patients during the induction regimen (17.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.90, 22.44) and during maintenance in both Crohn's disease [CD] [27.60; 95% CI: 14.29, 40.91] and UC patients [27.50; 95% CI: 18.73, 36.27]. The treatment regimen was the only significant variable in multivariate analysis, with lower placebo-related IBDQ improvements during induction. Maintenance trials' inclusion criteria were also relevant. The proportions of placebo-treated patients achieving IBDQ-defined response and remission were 0.42 [95% CI: 0.49, 0.56] and 0.31 [95% CI: 0.28, 0.34], respectively, with 0.49 and 0.40 the ORs for response and remission. Significant improvements were also observed on SF-36 score. CONCLUSIONS Herein we prove that placebo effect on HRQoL is meaningful, providing insights about implications for clinical trials' design and interpretation and for IBD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manuela Estevinho
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Afonso
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isadora Rosa
- Gastroenterology Department, Instituto Portugue^s de Oncologia de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Lago
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eunice Trindade
- Department of Pediatrics, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Correia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Camila Dias
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, and Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
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Fernández-Clotet A, Castro-Poceiro J, Panés J. Tofacitinib for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 14:881-892. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2018.1532291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Fernández-Clotet
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomètiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Castro-Poceiro
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomètiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Panés
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomètiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Nunes C, Almeida L, Barbosa RM, Laranjinha J. Luteolin suppresses the JAK/STAT pathway in a cellular model of intestinal inflammation. Food Funct 2018; 8:387-396. [PMID: 28067377 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01529h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are associated with a lower efficacy and with several side effects that strongly affect the quality of life of IBD patients. Consequently, the development of new therapies, combining efficacy and safety is an important goal in the field of intestinal inflammation. In this context, evidence supports that polyphenols can be promising candidates due to their ability to modulate intracellular inflammatory signalling cascades. Luteolin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in several models of inflammation. However, its action against intestinal inflammation has been poorly explored. Therefore, there is a lack of scientific knowledge about the potential impact of luteolin in the intestinal inflammation, particularly regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms by which luteolin can exert its anti-inflammatory action. We assessed the potential anti-inflammatory effect of luteolin in a cellular model of intestinal inflammation using cytokine-stimulated HT-29 colon epithelial cells, and the underlying key molecular mechanisms were identified. Luteolin significantly inhibited interleukine-8 (IL-8) production, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (˙NO) overproduction induced by cytokines, indicating that luteolin negatively modulates key inflammatory signalling cascades underlying intestinal inflammation. Mechanistically, the inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway was identified as a critical mechanism by which luteolin exerts its intestinal anti-inflammatory action. This study uncovers novel molecular mechanisms by which luteolin may act against intestinal inflammation, which might support the use of luteolin as a future therapeutic strategy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Nunes
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Leonor Almeida
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Rui M Barbosa
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João Laranjinha
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Weisshof R, Golan MA, Yvellez OV, Rubin DT. The use of tofacitinib in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:837-849. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAK) play a major role in the immunologic pathways and specifically in signal transduction in inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, they can serve as a target for new therapeutic options. Tofacitinib is a novel, first-in-class, pan-Janus kinase inhibitor. It has been found to be effective and safe in the treatment of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. In this review, we will describe the drug's mechanism of action as well as the clinical evidence for its effectiveness in treating patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Weisshof
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maya Aharoni Golan
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olivia V Yvellez
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David T Rubin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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White JR, Phillips F, Monaghan T, Fateen W, Samuel S, Ghosh S, Moran GW. Review article: novel oral-targeted therapies in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 47:1610-1622. [PMID: 29672874 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a great unmet clinical need for efficacious, tolerable, economical and orally administrated drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). New therapeutic avenues have become possible including the development of medications that target specific genetic pathways found to be relevant in other immune mediated diseases. AIMS To provide an overview of recent clinical trials for new generation oral targeted medications that may have a future role in IBD management. METHODS Pubmed and Medline searches were performed up to 1 March 2018 using keywords: "IBD", "UC", "CD", "inflammatory bowel disease" "ulcerative colitis", "Crohn's disease" in combination with "phase", "study", "trial" and "oral". A manual search of the clinical trial register, article reference lists, abstracts from meetings of Digestive Disease Week, United European Gastroenterology Week and ECCO congress were also conducted. RESULTS In randomised controlled trials primary efficacy endpoints were met for tofacitinib (JAK 1/3 inhibitor-phase III), upadacitinib (JAK 1 inhibitor-phase II) and AJM300 (α4-integrin antagonist-phase II) in ulcerative colitis. Ozanimod (S1P receptor agonist-phase II) also demonstrated clinical remission. For Crohn's disease, filgotinib (JAK1 inhibitor-phase II) met primary endpoints and laquinimod (quinolone-3-carboxide small molecule-phase II) was also efficacious. Trials using mongersen (SMAD7 inhibitor) and vidofludimus (dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor) have been halted. CONCLUSIONS This is potentially the start of an exciting new era in which multiple therapeutic options are at the disposal of physicians to treat IBD on an individualised basis. Head-to-head studies with existing treatments and longer term safety data are needed for this to be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R White
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - F Phillips
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - T Monaghan
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - W Fateen
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Samuel
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Ghosh
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - G W Moran
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Paschos P, Katsoula A, Giouleme O, Sarigianni M, Liakos A, Athanasiadou E, Bekiari E, Tsapas A. Tofacitinib for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Gastroenterol 2018; 31:572-582. [PMID: 30174394 PMCID: PMC6102462 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2018.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and its impact on quality of life in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing tofacitinib with placebo or any active comparator. We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and gray literature for articles published up to May 2017. We synthesized data using a fixed-effect model. We conducted subgroup analysis based on prior exposure to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF). We summarized the strength of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results We included three trials with 1220 participants. Compared with placebo, tofacitinib was effective in inducing clinical remission (odds ratio [OR] 3.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.29-6.44, I2: 41%, GRADE: moderate), clinical response (OR 2.95, 95%CI 2.21-3.95, I2: 0%, GRADE: high), mucosal healing (OR 2.70, 95%CI 1.81-4.03, I2: 0%, GRADE: high). Tofacitinib was effective in both anti-TNF-naïve and -experienced patients. Tofacitinib had a favorable effect on quality of life. There were no significant differences in the safety profile in terms of the incidence of any or serious adverse events compared to placebo. The risk for infections was increased (OR 1.51, 95%CI 1.05-2.19, I2: 0%, GRADE: moderate), but the incidence of serious infections did not differ between tofacitinib and placebo. Conclusion In patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis, short-term treatment with tofacitinib is effective for induction of remission and improvement of quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis Paschos
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Second Medical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (Paschalis Paschos, Anastasia Katsoula, Maria Sarigianni, Aris Liakos, Eleni Athanasiadou, Eleni Bekiari, Apostolos Tsapas).,First Department of Internal Medicine, "Papageorgiou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (Paschalis Paschos)
| | - Anastasia Katsoula
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Second Medical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (Paschalis Paschos, Anastasia Katsoula, Maria Sarigianni, Aris Liakos, Eleni Athanasiadou, Eleni Bekiari, Apostolos Tsapas).,Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (Olga Giouleme, Anastasia Katsoula)
| | - Olga Giouleme
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (Olga Giouleme, Anastasia Katsoula)
| | - Maria Sarigianni
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Second Medical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (Paschalis Paschos, Anastasia Katsoula, Maria Sarigianni, Aris Liakos, Eleni Athanasiadou, Eleni Bekiari, Apostolos Tsapas)
| | - Aris Liakos
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Second Medical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (Paschalis Paschos, Anastasia Katsoula, Maria Sarigianni, Aris Liakos, Eleni Athanasiadou, Eleni Bekiari, Apostolos Tsapas)
| | - Eleni Athanasiadou
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Second Medical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (Paschalis Paschos, Anastasia Katsoula, Maria Sarigianni, Aris Liakos, Eleni Athanasiadou, Eleni Bekiari, Apostolos Tsapas)
| | - Eleni Bekiari
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Second Medical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (Paschalis Paschos, Anastasia Katsoula, Maria Sarigianni, Aris Liakos, Eleni Athanasiadou, Eleni Bekiari, Apostolos Tsapas)
| | - Apostolos Tsapas
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Second Medical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (Paschalis Paschos, Anastasia Katsoula, Maria Sarigianni, Aris Liakos, Eleni Athanasiadou, Eleni Bekiari, Apostolos Tsapas).,Harris Manchester College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Apostolos Tsapas)
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Willian MK, D'Haens G, Yarlas A, Joshi AV. Changes in health-related quality of life and work-related outcomes for patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis receiving short-term and long-term treatment with multimatrix mesalamine: a prospective, open-label study. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2018; 2:22. [PMID: 30294708 PMCID: PMC6092727 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-018-0046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and with disease activity predicting lower HRQoL and worse work-related outcomes. The current study examined the burden of UC on patients' HRQoL, as well as changes in patients' HRQoL and work-related outcomes following short-term and long-term treatment with multimatrix mesalamine, and their correspondence with changes in disease activity. Methods Data were from an open-label, multinational, prospective trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01124149) of 717 adults with active mild-to-moderate UC who were treated with 4.8 g/day multimatrix mesalamine tablets once daily for eight weeks (acute phase). Four-hundred sixty-one patients who achieved partial or complete clinical and endoscopic remission subsequently received treatment with daily 2.4 g/day multimatrix mesalamine for 12 months (maintenance phase). At baseline, Week 8, and Month 12, patients were administered patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures of HRQoL (the SF-12v2® Health Survey [SF-12v2] and Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire) and work-related outcomes (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire, UC-specific version). SF-12v2 scores were compared to the U.S. general population using Analysis of Variance models to assess burden of UC on HRQoL. Mixed-effects repeated-measures models compared PRO scores across visits to assess change in PRO scores over time. Correlations examined the correspondence of changes in PRO scores with changes on a modified UC disease activity index (UC-DAI). Results Baseline burden of disease observed on all SF-12v2 domains was partially eliminated at Week 8 and completely eliminated at Month 12. Statistically significant improvements from baseline were observed at both Week 8 and Month 12 for all PRO scores (all P < 0.001). Decreases in UC-DAI scores significantly predicted improvements in PRO scores during the acute treatment phase. Conclusions Patients with UC receiving daily multimatrix mesalamine treatment showed significant improvements in all measured domains of HRQoL and work-related outcomes. Patients who achieved partial or complete clinical and endoscopic remission maintained these improvements for most of these domains over 12 months with continued daily treatment. Changes in HRQoL and work-related outcomes were inversely related to changes in disease activity. Findings support the effectiveness of multimatrix mesalamine for improving, and sustaining improvements, in HRQoL and work-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geert D'Haens
- 2Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam the Netherlands, Meibergdreef, 91105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron Yarlas
- 3Optum, 1301 Atwood Avenue, Suite 311N, Johnston, RI 02919 USA
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Yarlas A, D’Haens G, Willian MK, Teynor M. Health-Related Quality of Life and Work-Related Outcomes for Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis and Remission Status Following Short-Term and Long-Term Treatment With Multimatrix Mesalamine: A Prospective, Open-Label Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:450-463. [PMID: 29361097 PMCID: PMC6176889 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease activity of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) predicts health-related quality of life (HRQL) and work-related outcomes (eg, absenteeism, productivity). We tested whether outcomes differed among patients in complete (clinical and endoscopic) remission, partial remission, or not in remission following treatment with multimatrix mesalamine. METHODS Data were from an open-label, multicountry, prospective trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01124149) of 717 adults with active mild-to-moderate UC treated with 4.8 g/day multimatrix mesalamine tablets for 8 weeks (induction period); 459 patients who achieved partial or complete remission received daily 2.4 g/day multimatrix mesalamine for 12 additional months (maintenance period). HRQL (SF-12v2 Health Survey and Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire) and work-related outcomes (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire) were assessed at baseline and final visits of each treatment period. Differences in scores by remission status within each treatment period were tested using analysis of variance and analysis of covariance models, whereas mixed-effects models with repeated measures tested changes over time. RESULTS At their final visit of each treatment period, patients in partial remission scored significantly better on all HRQL and work-related domains than patients not in remission (all Bonferroni-adjusted P < 0.05). Scores for patients in partial remission were, almost without exception, statistically equivalent to those for patients in complete remission. Fluctuating between complete and partial remission during maintenance treatment had no impact on outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Patients in partial remission following multimatrix mesalamine treatment had HRQL and work-related outcomes equivalent to patients in complete remission. Achievement and maintenance of partial remission may be sufficient for improvements in patients' functioning, well-being, and work performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Yarlas
- Optum, Johnston, RI, United States,Address correspondence to: Aaron Yarlas, PhD, Optum, 1301 Atwood Avenue, Johnston, RI 02919 USA.
| | - Geert D’Haens
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Doherty G, Katsanos KH, Burisch J, Allez M, Papamichael K, Stallmach A, Mao R, Berset IP, Gisbert JP, Sebastian S, Kierkus J, Lopetuso L, Szymanska E, Louis E. European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation Topical Review on Treatment Withdrawal ['Exit Strategies'] in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:17-31. [PMID: 28981623 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clinically effective therapies now exist for remission maintenance in both ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's Disease [CD]. For each major class of IBD medications [5-aminosalicyclates, immunomodulators, and biologic agents], used alone or in combination, there is a risk of relapse following reduction or cessation of treatment. A consensus expert panel convened by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] reviewed the published literature and agreed a series of consensus practice points. The objective of the expert consensus is to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical practice so that physicians can make informed decisions in partnership with their patients. The likelihood of relapse with stopping each class of IBD medication is reviewed. Factors associated with an altered risk of relapse with withdrawal are evaluated, and strategies to monitor and allow early identification of relapse are considered. In general, patients in clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic remission are more likely to remain well when treatments are stopped. Reintroduction of the same treatment is usually, but not always, successful. The decision to stop a treatment needs to be individualized, and shared decision making with the patient should take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Doherty
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital & University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Konstantinos H Katsanos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University and Medical School of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Johan Burisch
- Department of Gastroenterology, North Zealand University Hospital, Frederikssund, Denmark
| | - Matthieu Allez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, INSERM UMRS 1160, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV [Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Disease], University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ingrid Prytz Berset
- Gastroenterology Department, Alesund Hospital, Helse More Romsdal Hospital Trust, Alesund, Norway
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigaciun Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) and Centro de Investigaciun Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Heprticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shaji Sebastian
- IBD Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hull & East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Jaroslaw Kierkus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Loris Lopetuso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Rome-A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Edyta Szymanska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition, and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edouard Louis
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Liège, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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Panés J, Vermeire S, Lindsay JO, Sands BE, Su C, Friedman G, Zhang H, Yarlas A, Bayliss M, Maher S, Cappelleri JC, Bushmakin AG, Rubin DT. Tofacitinib in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: Health-Related Quality of Life in Phase 3 Randomised Controlled Induction and Maintenance Studies. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:145-156. [PMID: 29028981 PMCID: PMC5881763 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase [JAK] inhibitor that is being investigated for ulcerative colitis [UC]. We evaluated health-related quality of life [HRQoL] in tofacitinib UC Phase 3 studies. METHODS Patients ≥ 18 years old in OCTAVE Induction 1 [N = 598] and 2 [N = 541] with moderately to severely active UC were randomised [1:4] to placebo or tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily [BID] for 8 weeks. Subsequently, OCTAVE Sustain re-randomised [1:1:1] clinical responders [N = 593] from induction studies to placebo, tofacitinib 5 mg BID, or 10 mg BID, for 52 weeks. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire [IBDQ] and SF-36v2® Health Survey [SF-36v2] assessed HRQoL. RESULTS In OCTAVE Induction 1 and 2, mean changes from baseline IBDQ were greater with tofacitinib 10 mg BID at Week 8 [28.9 and 31.5] versus placebo [15.4 and 17.2; p < 0.0001]; mean changes from baseline SF-36v2 Physical and Mental Component Summaries [PCS/MCS] were also greater with 10 mg BID [PCS: 6.8 and 6.8; MCS: 6.8 and 7.6] versus placebo [PCS: 2.5 and 4.6; MCS: 3.5 and 4.4; p < 0.01]. In OCTAVE Sustain atWeek 52, changes in IBDQ were maintained with tofacitinib 5 mg [-1.3] and 10 mg BID [0.6], and larger with placebo [-20.2; p < 0.0001]. Changes in SF-36v2 PCS/MCS were also maintained with 5 mg [PCS: 0.0; MCS: -1.0] and 10 mg BID [PCS: 0.3; MCS: 0.1] versus placebo [PCS: -5.2; MCS: -6.7; p < 0.0001] at Week 52 in OCTAVE Sustain. CONCLUSIONS Tofacitinib 10 mg BID induction therapy significantly improved HRQoL versus placebo at Week 8. Improvements were maintained through 52 weeks' maintenance therapy with tofacitinib 5 mg and 10 mg BID. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT01465763, NCT01458951 and NCT01458574.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Panés
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James O Lindsay
- Centre for Immunobiology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bruce E Sands
- Dr Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David T Rubin
- The University of Chicago Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding author: David T. Rubin, MD, The University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 4076, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Tel.: +1 773 702 2950; fax: +1 773 702 2182;
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Panés J, Domènech E, Aguas Peris M, Nos P, Riestra S, Juliá de Páramo B, Cea-Calvo L, Romero C, Marín-Jiménez I. Association between disease activity and quality of life in ulcerative colitis: Results from the CRONICA-UC study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:1818-1824. [PMID: 28370253 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In ulcerative colitis (UC), the main goals of treatment are to control disease activity and normalize health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In this study, we explored the relationship between disease activity (measured using the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index [SCCAI]) and patient HRQoL (measured using the EuroQoL [EQ]-5D-5L). METHODS A total of 199 patients with UC were followed for 6 months. At months 3 and 6, patients completed an online SCCAI. Within 2 days of completing the SCCAI, patients completed an at-clinic EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and the treating gastroenterologist completed the SCCAI. RESULTS A consistent and approximately linear relationship was identified between patient HRQoL and patient-completed and physician-completed SCCAIs. A lower SCCAI score corresponded to a higher EQ-5D-5L index value. Correlation between EQ-5D-5L index values and patient-completed online SCCAIs was moderate (ρ -0.49; P < 0.001) and similar to that between EQ-5D-5L index values and physician-completed SCCAIs (ρ -0.53; P < 0.001). A decrease in the EQ-5D-5L index was already observed at an SCCAI score of 2, commonly regarded as remission. A 1-point increase in the patient SCCAI corresponded to an average change of -0.027 (standard deviation, -0.032 to -0.022) in the EQ-5D-5L index, whereas a 1-point increase in the physician SCCAI corresponded to an average change of -0.030 (standard deviation, -0.036 to -0.025). CONCLUSIONS Health-related quality of life measured using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire is proportionally related to disease activity in patients with UC. In line with the treat-to-target objective in UC, complete control of all symptoms is required to achieve optimal improvement in patient HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Panés
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Center for Biomedical Research in Network of Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (Badalona), Center for Biomedical Research in Network of Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Badalona, Spain
| | - Marian Aguas Peris
- Department of Gastroenterology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Center for Biomedical Research in the Network of Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Nos
- Department of Gastroenterology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Center for Biomedical Research in the Network of Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabino Riestra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Luis Cea-Calvo
- Medical Affairs Department, Merck Sharp & Dohme Spain, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Romero
- Medical Affairs Department, Merck Sharp & Dohme Spain, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Marín-Jiménez
- Gastroenterology Unit, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Institute of Health Research (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
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Psychometric validation of the SF-36® Health Survey in ulcerative colitis: results from a systematic literature review. Qual Life Res 2017; 27:273-290. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic strategies in ulcerative colitis are evolving. A personalized and optimal use of available drugs and the integration of new drug classes are the cornerstones underpinning the new treatment paradigms. Areas covered: A structured literature search in Medline and PubMed, Cochrane meta-analyses, and abstracts of international congresses has been performed to review therapeutic approaches to ulcerative colitis. The primary therapeutic objective of therapy is to achieve clinical remission since persistence of active disease, even if mild, leads to a significant reduction in quality of life. Current treatment paradigms of ulcerative colitis are based on the use of 5-aminosalycilates, corticosteroids, thiopurines, TNF-α inhibitors and α4ß7 integrin blockers. The main determinants for drug class selection are disease extension, disease severity, and previous drug history. New drug classes that will likely become available in the foreseeable future include inhibitors of Janus kinases, modulators of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, SMAD-7 antisense oligonucleotides, interleukin-12/23 blockers, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Expert commentary: Increasing therapeutic options for ulcerative colitis make predictors of response highly relevant. While these are not available, judicious use of therapies, avoidance of underdosing, or persistent therapy when criteria for drug failure are met are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Panés
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ignacio Alfaro
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd , Barcelona , Spain
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Advances in the Development of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Future Prospects. Drugs 2017; 77:1057-1068. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Banerjee S, Biehl A, Gadina M, Hasni S, Schwartz DM. JAK-STAT Signaling as a Target for Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases: Current and Future Prospects. Drugs 2017; 77:521-546. [PMID: 28255960 PMCID: PMC7102286 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Many cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases use JAKs and STATs to transduce intracellular signals. Mutations in JAK and STAT genes cause a number of immunodeficiency syndromes, and polymorphisms in these genes are associated with autoimmune diseases. The success of small-molecule JAK inhibitors (Jakinibs) in the treatment of rheumatologic disease demonstrates that intracellular signaling pathways can be targeted therapeutically to treat autoimmunity. Tofacitinib, the first rheumatologic Jakinib, is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for rheumatoid arthritis and is currently under investigation for other autoimmune diseases. Many other Jakinibs are in preclinical development or in various phases of clinical trials. This review describes the JAK-STAT pathway, outlines its role in autoimmunity, and explains the rationale/pre-clinical evidence for targeting JAK-STAT signaling. The safety and clinical efficacy of the Jakinibs are reviewed, starting with the FDA-approved Jakinib tofacitinib, and continuing on to next-generation Jakinibs. Recent and ongoing studies are emphasized, with a focus on emerging indications for JAK inhibition and novel mechanisms of JAK-STAT signaling blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhasree Banerjee
- Rheumatology Fellowship and Training Branch, National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Ann Biehl
- Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarfaraz Hasni
- Lupus Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniella M Schwartz
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Panes J, Jairath V, Levesque BG. Advances in Use of Endoscopy, Radiology, and Biomarkers to Monitor Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:362-373.e3. [PMID: 27751880 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are heterogeneous inflammatory bowel diseases, and therapeutic requirements vary among patients. We have a limited capacity to predict disease progression for individual patients, therefore it is important that they are evaluated for the presence of active disease when symptoms are mild or even absent, when patients are more likely to respond to new treatment interventions. It then is important to monitor responses to treatment, to quickly identify those therapies that are ineffective, modify or change therapy, and avoid disease complications. Studies are underway to assess the effects of different monitoring strategies. Because of the heavy burden of severe inflammatory bowel disease on patients' health and quality of life, and the association between intestinal healing and disease progression in high-risk patients, a treat-to-target strategy (based on tissue healing) is likely to be optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Panes
- Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institud d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Robarts Clinical Trials. Inc, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barrett G Levesque
- Robarts Clinical Trials. Inc, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Chan HCH, Ng SC. Emerging biologics in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:141-150. [PMID: 27832357 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Early biologic therapy is recommended in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and poor prognostic factors and in those refractory to conventional medications. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents are the most commonly used biologic agents. However, some patients may not have an initial response to anti-TNF therapy, and one-third will develop loss of response over time. Anti-TNF drugs can also be associated with side effects. In addition, the use of biologics is currently limited by their cost, especially in developing countries. A number of new therapeutic targets, including novel small molecules, and cellular therapy are available or under investigation. These novel molecules include oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor (tofacitinib), interleukin inhibitor (ustekinumab), oral SMAD7 antisense oligonucleotide (mongersen), and anti-integrin inhibitors (vedolizumab). Here, we review the mechanisms of action, the efficacy, and the safety data of these novel agents. Biological products that are highly similar to reference biologic products whose patents have expired-also known as "biosimilars"-can be produced at lower cost with similar efficacy, and are also available for the treatment of IBD. We review the efficacy data for such agents as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyson Chi-Hey Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Siew Chien Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.
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48
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Vermeire S, Schreiber S, Petryka R, Kuehbacher T, Hebuterne X, Roblin X, Klopocka M, Goldis A, Wisniewska-Jarosinska M, Baranovsky A, Sike R, Stoyanova K, Tasset C, Van der Aa A, Harrison P. Clinical remission in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease treated with filgotinib (the FITZROY study): results from a phase 2, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2017; 389:266-275. [PMID: 27988142 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filgotinib (GLPG0634, GS-6034) is a once-daily, orally administered, Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)-selective inhibitor. The FITZROY study examined the efficacy and safety of filgotinib for the treatment of moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease. METHODS We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study, which recruited patients from 52 centres in nine European countries. We enrolled eligible patients aged 18-75 years with a documented history of ileal, colonic, or ileocolonic Crohn's disease for 3 months or more before screening, as assessed by colonoscopy and supported by histology, and a Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score during screening between 220 and 450 inclusive. Patients were randomly assigned (3:1) to receive filgotinib 200 mg once a day or placebo for 10 weeks. Patients were stratified according to previous anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha exposure, C-reactive protein concentration at screening (≤10 mg/L or >10 mg/L), and oral corticosteroid use at baseline, using an interactive web-based response system. The primary endpoint was clinical remission, defined as CDAI less than 150 at week 10. After week 10, patients were assigned based on responder status to filgotinib 100 mg once a day, filgotinib 200 mg once a day, or placebo for an observational period lasting a further 10 weeks. The filgotinib and placebo treatment groups were compared using ANCOVA models and logistic regression models containing baseline values and randomisation stratification factors as fixed effects. Analyses were done on the intention-to-treat non-responder imputation set. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02048618. FINDINGS Between Feb 3, 2014, and July 10, 2015, we enrolled 174 patients with active Crohn's disease confirmed by centrally read endoscopy (130 in the filgotinib 200 mg group and 44 in the placebo group). In the intention-to-treat population, 60 (47%) of 128 patients treated with filgotinib 200 mg achieved clinical remission at week 10 versus ten (23%) of 44 patients treated with placebo (difference 24 percentage points [95% CI 9-39], p=0·0077). In a pooled analysis of all periods of filgotinib and placebo exposure over 20 weeks, serious treatment-emergent adverse effects were reported in 14 (9%) of 152 patients treated with filgotinib and three (4%) of 67 patients treated with placebo. INTERPRETATION Filgotinib induced clinical remission in significantly more patients with active Crohn's disease compared with placebo, and had an acceptable safety profile. FUNDING Galapagos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Kuehbacher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asklepios Westklinikum, Hamburg, Germany; Christian Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Xavier Hebuterne
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Archet 2 Hospital, Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, and University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Xavier Roblin
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Maria Klopocka
- NC University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Vascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adrian Goldis
- University of Medicine Timisoara, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Wisniewska-Jarosinska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lodz and Saint Family Medical Centre of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrey Baranovsky
- Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Robert Sike
- Szent Margit Hospital Department of Gastroenterology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Chantal Tasset
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11A3, Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Pille Harrison
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11A3, Mechelen, Belgium
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49
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Jones P, Storer RI, Sabnis YA, Wakenhut FM, Whitlock GA, England KS, Mukaiyama T, Dehnhardt CM, Coe JW, Kortum SW, Chrencik JE, Brown DG, Jones RM, Murphy JR, Yeoh T, Morgan P, Kilty I. Design and Synthesis of a Pan-Janus Kinase Inhibitor Clinical Candidate (PF-06263276) Suitable for Inhaled and Topical Delivery for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases of the Lungs and Skin. J Med Chem 2017; 60:767-786. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jones
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - R. Ian Storer
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Yogesh A. Sabnis
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Florian M. Wakenhut
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Gavin A. Whitlock
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Katherine S. England
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Takasuke Mukaiyama
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Christoph M. Dehnhardt
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Jotham W. Coe
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Steve W. Kortum
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Jill E. Chrencik
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - David G. Brown
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Rhys M. Jones
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - John R. Murphy
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Thean Yeoh
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Paul Morgan
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Iain Kilty
- Medicine Design, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Inflammation and
Immunology Research
Unit, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Medicine Design, and ⊥Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ∇Structural Biology
and Biophysics, and ○Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
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50
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Goswami R, Kaplan M. STAT Transcription Factors in T Cell Control of Health and Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 331:123-180. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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