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Nguyen BV, Nguyen HH, Vo TH, Le MT, Tran-Nguyen VK, Vu TT, Nguyen PV. Prevalence and drug susceptibility of clinical Candida species in nasopharyngeal cancer patients in Vietnam. One Health 2024; 18:100659. [PMID: 38179314 PMCID: PMC10761778 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the nature, Candida species are normal inhabitants and can be observed in a wide variety of vertebrates. In humans, especially for cancer patients who fall prey to opportunistic pathogens, this group of susceptible multi-drug resistant and biofilm-forming yeasts, are among the commonest ones. In this study, Candida species in 76 oral lesion samples from Vietnamese nasopharyngeal-cancer patients were isolated, morphologically identified using CHROMagar™, germ tube formation, and chlamydospore formation tests, and molecularly confirmed by PCR-RFLP. The drug susceptibility of these isolates was then tested, and the gene ERG11 was DNA sequenced to investigate the mechanism of resistance. The results showed that Candida albicans remained the most prevalent species (63.16% of the cases), followed by Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei. The rates of resistance of non-albicans Candida for tested drugs were 85.71%, 53.57%, and 57.14% to fluconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole, respectively. Although the drug-resistance rate of Candida albicans was lower than that of non-albicans Candida, it was higher than expected, suggesting an emerging drug-resistance phenomenon. Furthermore, ERG11 DNA sequencing revealed different mutations (especially K128T), implying the presence of multiple resistance mechanisms. Altogether, the results indicate an alarming drug-resistance situation in Candida species in Vietnamese cancer patients and emphasize the importance of species identification and their drug susceptibility prior to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bac V.G. Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hau H.N. Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Hoa Vo
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Minh-Tri Le
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Viet-Khoa Tran-Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, Marseille, France
| | - Thao Thanh Vu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Phuoc-Vinh Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, International University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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2
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Ghojoghi A, Khodavaisy S, Mahmoudabadi AZ, Nazar E, Fatahinia M. Exploring the diversity of uncommon oral yeast species and associated risk factors among substance abusers in southwestern Iran. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1906. [PMID: 38253731 PMCID: PMC10803760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeast species are a group of coexistent microorganisms in the oral cavity that can cause opportunistic infections in vulnerable individuals, including addicts. This study aimed to identify the yeast species profile responsible for oral yeast colonization (OYC) and the associated risk factors in patients with substance use disorder (SUD) in Ahvaz, Iran. Oral samples were collected from drug users hospitalized in 12 addiction treatment centers, and the related clinical information was mined. Oral yeast species were identified using 21-plex PCR and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). A total of 244 yeast strains were identified from 245 individuals with substance abuse. Candida albicans was the most common species (37.7%) and non-albicans Candida was responsible for 57.7% of OYC, primarily C. dubliniensis (33.2%) and C. glabrata (11.9%). Moreover, uncommon oral yeasts constituted 5.3% of species, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Pichia kluyveri, Geotrichum candidum, Magnusiomyces capitatus, Hanseniospora opuntiae, Wickerhamomyces subpelliculosus, Trichosporon asahii, and Aureobasidium pullulans. Importantly, OYC exhibited associations with such factors as duration of drug use, daily drug consumption rate, opioid utilization, oral drug administration, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) score. The present study is the pioneering investigation revealing the prevalence and diversity of oral yeast species, along with associated risk factors, in individuals with SUD in southwestern Iran. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of developing efficient and cost-effective diagnostic methods tailored for resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynaz Ghojoghi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Eisa Nazar
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Fatahinia
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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3
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Wang J, Gao B. Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Implications of Oral Microbiome in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Oncol 2023; 31:168-182. [PMID: 38248096 PMCID: PMC10814288 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms in the oral cavity are abundant in the human body. At present, more than 700 species of oral microorganisms have been identified. Recently, a lot of literature has indicated that the oral microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through various mechanisms. And researchers are now trying to utilize oral microbiota in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, few articles systematically summarize the effects of oral microbes in the diagnosis, treatment, and disease outcomes of oral cancer. Herein, we made a summary of the microbial changes at cancerous sites and placed more emphasis on the mechanisms by which the oral microbiome promotes cancerization. Moreover, we aimed to find out the clinical value of the oral microbiome in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
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Araujo JMM, Monteiro JM, Silva DHDS, Veira AK, Silva MRC, Ferraz FA, Braga FHR, de Siqueira EP, Monteiro ADS. Candida krusei M4CK Produces a Bioemulsifier That Acts on Melaleuca Essential Oil and Aids in Its Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1686. [PMID: 38136720 PMCID: PMC10740703 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-active compounds (SACs) of microbial origin are an active group of biomolecules with potential use in the formulation of emulsions. In this sense, the present study aimed to isolate and select yeasts from fruits that could produce SACs for essential oil emulsions. The Candida krusei M4CK was isolated from the Byrsonima crassifolia fruit to make SACs. This emulsification activity (E24) was equal to or greater 50% in all carbon sources, such as olive oil, sunflower oil, kerosene, hexane, and hexadecane. E24 followed exponential growth according to the growth phase. The stability of emulsions was maintained over a wide range of temperatures, pH, and salinity. The OMBE4CK (melaleuca essential oil emulsion) had better and more significant inhibitory potential for biofilm reduction formation. In addition, bioemulsifier BE4CK alone on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm showed few effective results, while there was a significant eradication for Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. The biofilms formed by S. aureus were eradicated in all concentrations of OMBE4CK. At the same time, the preformed biofilm by E. coli and P. aeruginosa were removed entirely at concentrations of 25 mg/mL, 12.5 mg/mL, and 6.25 mg/mL. The results show that the bioemulsifier BE4CK may represent a new potential for antibiofilm application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Mayra Mendes Araujo
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, BIONORTE, Saint Louis 65055-310, Brazil; (J.M.M.A.); (J.M.M.)
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade CEUMA, Saint Louis 65075-120, Brazil; (D.H.d.S.S.); (A.K.V.); (F.A.F.)
| | - Joveliane Melo Monteiro
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, BIONORTE, Saint Louis 65055-310, Brazil; (J.M.M.A.); (J.M.M.)
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade CEUMA, Saint Louis 65075-120, Brazil; (D.H.d.S.S.); (A.K.V.); (F.A.F.)
| | | | - Amanda Karoline Veira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade CEUMA, Saint Louis 65075-120, Brazil; (D.H.d.S.S.); (A.K.V.); (F.A.F.)
| | - Maria Raimunda Chagas Silva
- Laboratório de Ciências do Ambiente, Universidade CEUMA, Saint Louis 65075-120, Brazil; (M.R.C.S.); (F.H.R.B.)
| | - Fernanda Avelino Ferraz
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade CEUMA, Saint Louis 65075-120, Brazil; (D.H.d.S.S.); (A.K.V.); (F.A.F.)
| | - Fábio H. Ramos Braga
- Laboratório de Ciências do Ambiente, Universidade CEUMA, Saint Louis 65075-120, Brazil; (M.R.C.S.); (F.H.R.B.)
| | - Ezequias Pessoa de Siqueira
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil;
| | - Andrea de Souza Monteiro
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, BIONORTE, Saint Louis 65055-310, Brazil; (J.M.M.A.); (J.M.M.)
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade CEUMA, Saint Louis 65075-120, Brazil; (D.H.d.S.S.); (A.K.V.); (F.A.F.)
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5
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Navarrete-Bolaños JL, Serrato-Joya O. A novel strategy to construct multi-strain starter cultures: an insight to evolve from natural to directed fermentation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1199-1209. [PMID: 36799653 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2177870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Some biotechnological strategies have succeeded in the attempt to imitate natural fermentation, and bioprocesses have been efficiently designed when the product is the result of a unique biological reaction. However, when the process requires more than one biological reaction, few bioprocesses have been successfully designed because the available tools to construct multi-strain starter cultures are not yet well defined. In this work, a novel experimental strategy to construct multi-strain starter cultures with selected native microorganisms from natural fermentation is proposed. The strategy analyses, selects, and defines the number and proportion of each strain that should form a starter culture to be used in directed fermentations. It was applied to evolve natural fermentation to directed fermentation in distilled agave production. The results showed that a starter culture integrated by Kluyveromyces marxianus, Clavispora lusitaniae, and Kluyveromyces marxianus var. drosophilarum in proportions of 35, 32, and 33%, respectively, allows obtaining fermented agave juice containing a 2.1% alcohol yield and a distilled product with a broad profile of aromatic compounds. Hence, the results show, for the first time, a tool that addresses the technical challenge for multi-strain starter culture construction, offering the possibility of preserving the typicity and genuineness of the original traditional product.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Navarrete-Bolaños
- Biochemistry and Engineering Sciences Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México en Celaya, México
| | - O Serrato-Joya
- Biochemistry and Engineering Sciences Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México en Celaya, México
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6
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Al-Manei K, Sobkowiak MJ, Nagadia RH, Heymann R, Sällberg Chen M, Özenci V. Mycobiota profile of oral fungal infections in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy: A 6-year retrospective MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry study. Oral Oncol 2023; 146:106556. [PMID: 37611433 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Head and neck cancer (HNC) impairs patient immunity and increases susceptibility to oral fungal infections (OFIs). Effectively treating such infections requires accurate identification of the causative pathogens. This study aimed to characterize the mycobiota profile of OFIs in HNC patients undergoing radiation treatment (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A 6-year retrospective analysis of oral mucosal samples from HNC patients with a history of RT and OFIs between 2014 and 2019 was conducted using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling. Samples from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at Karolinska University Hospital were evaluated for mycobiota diversity and species co-occurrence patterns in the ongoing-RT and post-RT groups. RESULTS A total of 190 oral fungi (88% Candida, 5% Pichia) were isolated from 162 HNC patients receiving RT. In the ongoing-RT group, the emergent non-albicans Candida (NAC) species; F. solani and C. jadinii, were detected for the first time. The dominant pathogens in both ongoing and post-RT groups were C. albicans, C. glabrata, P. kudriavzevii, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis, as shown by Venn analysis. Network analysis revealed greater fungi diversity and multi-species co-occurrence in the ongoing-RT group. C. albicans commonly co-occurred with C. glabrata in both ongoing-RT (21%) and post-RT groups (30%). CONCLUSION MALDI-TOF MS identified a wide range of oral fungal species in HNC patients receiving RT. While C. albicans remains the most prevalent OFIs pathogen, multi-species co-occurrence and novel NACs were noted. Understanding the ecological interactions among these causative pathogens could significantly advance the development of effective therapeutics for treating OFIs in HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al-Manei
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden; Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michał Jacek Sobkowiak
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden
| | - Rahul Harshad Nagadia
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Centre Singapore, and Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Heymann
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden; Medical Unit for Reconstructive Plastic- and Craniofacial Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaret Sällberg Chen
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden.
| | - Volkan Özenci
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology F72, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge 14104, Sweden.
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7
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Fakhim H, Vaezi A, Morovati H, Bandegani A, Abbasi K, Emami S, Nasiry D, Hashemi SM, Ahangarkani F, Badali H. In-vivo efficiency of the novel azole compounds (ATTAF-1 and ATTAF-2) against systemic candidiasis in a murine model. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101437. [PMID: 37804566 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antifungal resistance is the main health concern in the control of invasive fungal infections. This research was designed to further assess the antifungal activity of aryl-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio analogs of fluconazole (ATTAFs) against Candida albicans systemic candidiasis in the murine model. MATERIALS & METHODS The murine model of systemic candidiasis was designed via the inoculation of 1 × 106 CFU of Candida albicans. The treatment dosages of 3.5 and 35 mg/kg per day were selected for ATTAFs and fluconazole, respectively. The median survival time (MST) was assayed for 30 days post-infection. The quantitative and qualitative (via histopathology staining) fungal burden was also assessed. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and biochemistry assays were performed to monitor anti-inflammatory activity using the Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) marker and changes in serum protein levels. RESULTS ATTAFs considerably improved the survival of the murine model (P < 0.003). Compared with fluconazole, the antifungal activity of ATTAFs and their MST showed no difference (P > 0.05). However, these compounds decreased the fungal burden in the kidneys, spleen, and liver. CONCLUSION Our research indicates that ATTAF-1 and ATTAF-2 are effective therapeutic agents due to their fungal clearing and increasing the MST in the murine model of systemic candidiasis. Although we concluded that these components are novel and promising candidates for the management of invasive candidiasis, further studies are warranted to correlate these findings with clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Fakhim
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afsane Vaezi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Morovati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Bandegani
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kiana Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Nasiry
- Amol Faculty of Paramedicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Mahdieh Hashemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahangarkani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Morovati H, Kord M, Ahmadikia K, Eslami S, Hemmatzadeh M, Kurdestani KM, Khademi M, Darabian S. A Comprehensive Review of Identification Methods for Pathogenic Yeasts: Challenges and Approaches. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:187. [PMID: 37694259 PMCID: PMC10492613 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_375_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing incidence of yeast infections and the presence of drug-resistant isolates, accurate identification of the pathogenic yeasts is essential for the management of yeast infections. In this review, we tried to introduce the routine and novel techniques applied for yeast identification. Laboratory identification methods of pathogenic yeast are classified into three categories; I. conventional methods, including microscopical and culture-base methods II. biochemical/physiological-processes methods III. molecular methods. While conventional and biochemical methods require more precautions and are not specific in some cases, molecular diagnostic methods are the optimum tools for diagnosing pathogenic yeasts in a short time with high accuracy and specificity, and having various methods that cover different purposes, and affordable costs for researchers. Nucleotide sequencing is a reference or gold standard for identifying pathogenic yeasts. Since it is an expensive method, it is not widely used in developing countries. However, novel identification techniques are constantly updated, and we recommend further studies in this field. The results of this study will guide researchers in finding more accurate diagnostic method(s) for their studies in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Morovati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kord
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Ahmadikia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Eslami
- Central Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Hemmatzadeh
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kian M. Kurdestani
- Department of Microbiology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Sima Darabian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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9
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Adawi H, Aggarwal A, Jain S, Othman MA, Othman AAA, Zakri RA, Namazi SAM, Sori SA, Abuzawah LHA, Madkhali ZM. Influence of Bariatric Surgery on Oral Microbiota: A Systematic Review. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:602-614. [PMID: 36075269 PMCID: PMC10569860 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to systematically review the available literature to evaluate the changes in oral microbiota in patients after bariatric surgery (BS) and correlates these alterations in microorganisms with common oral manifestations. Relevant Electronic databases were systematically searched for indexed English literature. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for framework designing, application, and reporting of the current systematic review. The focused PICO question was: "Is there any change in oral microbiota (O) of patients (P) who underwent BS (I) when compared with non-BS groups (C)?' Seven articles were selected for qualitative synthesis. On application of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool, six studies were found to be of fair quality and one was of good quality. All the seven included studies evaluated the effect of BS on oral microbiota in humans. The outcomes of this review suggest that considerable changes take place in oral microbiota after BS which can be correlated with common oral manifestations. These changes are mainly due to the indirect effect of BS and may vary with the individuals. Due to variations in the included studies, it is difficult to proclaim any persistent pattern of oral microbiota found after BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Adawi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aparna Aggarwal
- Private Practice, Vitaldent Dental Clinic, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Saurabh Jain
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. Othman
- Experimental Oral Pathology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahlam A. A. Othman
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | | | | | - Sara A.Y. Sori
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Nasri E, Vaezi A, Shelerangkon M, Rizi MH, Ghafel S, Abbasi K, Badali H, Fakhim H. Catheter-associated blood stream infections due to Candida pararugosa in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia: A case report. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:891-895. [PMID: 37157053 PMCID: PMC10234983 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by uncommon Candida species have dramatically increased in recent decades, mostly among hematological malignancies. This report aims to present a case of Candida pararugosa bloodstream infection, review previous cases with C. pararugosa infections, and provide a concise review of the clinical background, risk factors, and brief the management of infections. A 3-year-old boy with a history of acute myeloid leukemia was hospitalized in Omid Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Two consecutive blood cultures were taken from the peripheral vein and port catheter; after that, empirically meropenem was administered. Candida pararugosa were isolated from blood-based on conventional and molecular assays. Furthermore, the antifungal susceptibility profiles of the isolate were determined, which exhibited resistance to fluconazole (8 μg/mL). Antifungal therapy with caspofungin and removing the patient's port led to a significant clinical improvement of the patient's conditions. So far, in the literature review, 10 cases of clinical C. pararugosa isolates were found, of which 5 patients had bloodstream infections. Most patients with C. pararugosa infection presented with specific underlying conditions, such as malignancy, sarcoma, surgery, and adult acute myeloid leukemia. Patients with indwelling catheters run a high risk of acquiring C. pararugosa bloodstream infection. Therefore, special consideration should be given to opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised individuals using catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Nasri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afsane Vaezi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shelerangkon
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Hosseini Rizi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Safiyeh Ghafel
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kiana Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hamed Fakhim
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Sharifi M, Badiee P, Abastabar M, Morovati H, Haghani I, Noorbakhsh M, Mohammadi R. A 3-year study of Candida infections among patients with malignancy: etiologic agents and antifungal susceptibility profile. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1152552. [PMID: 37249981 PMCID: PMC10213519 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1152552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Opportunistic fungal infections by Candida species arise among cancer patients due to the weakened immune system following extensive chemotherapy. Prophylaxis with antifungal agents have developed the resistance of Candida spp. to antifungals. Accurate identification of yeasts and susceptibility patterns are main concerns that can directly effect on the treatment of patients. Methods Over a period of three years, 325 cancer patients suspected to Candida infections were included in the current investigation. The clinical isolates were molecularly identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). All strains, were examined for in vitro susceptibility to the amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole, and anidulafungin according to the CLSI M27 document. Results Seventy-four cancer patients had Candida infections (22.7%). Candida albicans was the most common species (83.8%). Antifungal susceptibility results indicated that 100% of the Candida isolates were sensitive to amphotericin B; however, 17.6%, 9.4%, and 5.4% of clinical isolates were resistant to anidulafungin, fluconazole, and itraconazole, respectively. Conclusion The findings of the present work shows a warning increase in resistance to echinocandins. Since all fluconazole resistance isolates were obtained from candidemia, we recommend amphotericin B as the first line therapy for this potentially fatal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Sharifi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Badiee
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Morovati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iman Haghani
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahta Noorbakhsh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Steffen HC, Smith K, van Deventer C, Weiskerger C, Bosch C, Brandão J, Wolfaardt G, Botha A. Health risk posed by direct ingestion of yeasts from polluted river water. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119599. [PMID: 36645944 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
River water is an essential human resource that may be contaminated with hazardous microorganisms. However, the risk of yeast infection through river water exposure is unclear because it is highly dependant on individual susceptibility and has therefore not been well-studied, to date. To evaluate this undefined risk, we analysed the fungal communities in less polluted (LP) and highly polluted (HP) river water, as determined using principal coordinate analysis of pollution indicators. We enumerated culturable yeasts using a thermally selective isolation procedure (37 °C) and thus promoted the growth of potentially opportunistic species. Yeast species identified as clinically relevant were then tested for antifungal resistance. In addition, we propose a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) framework to quantitatively assess the potential risk of yeast infection. Our results indicated that pollution levels significantly altered fungal communities (p = 0.007) and that genera representing opportunistic and pathogenic members were significantly more abundant in HP waters (p = 0.038). Additionally, the yeast species Candida glabrata and Clavispora lusitaniae positively correlated with other pollution indicators, demonstrating the species' indicator potential. Our QMRA results further indicate that higher risk of infection is associated with increased water pollution levels (considering both physicochemical and bacterial indicators). Furthermore, yeast species with higher pathogenic potential present an increased risk of infection despite lower observed concentrations in the river water. Interestingly, the bloom of Meyerozyma guilliermondii during the wet season suggests that other environmental factors, such as dissolved oxygen levels and water turbulence, might affect growth characteristics of yeasts in river water, which consequently affects the distribution of annual infection risks. The presence of antifungal resistant yeasts, observed in this study, could further contribute to variation in risk distribution. Research on the ecophysiology of yeasts in these environments is therefore necessary to ameliorate the uncertainty and sensitivity of the proposed QMRA model. In addition to the vital knowledge on opportunistic and pathogenic yeast occurrence in river water and their observed association with pollution, this study provides valuable methods and insights to initiate future QMRAs of yeast infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Christa Steffen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7600, South Africa
| | - Katrin Smith
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7600, South Africa
| | - Corné van Deventer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7600, South Africa
| | - Chelsea Weiskerger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Caylin Bosch
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7600, South Africa
| | - João Brandão
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, Lisbon 1649-016, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Animal Biology, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Gideon Wolfaardt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7600, South Africa
| | - Alfred Botha
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7600, South Africa.
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13
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Nasri E, Vaezi A, Falahatinejad M, Rizi MH, Sharifi M, Sadeghi S, Ataei B, Mirhendi H, Fakhim H. Species distribution and susceptibility profiles of oral candidiasis in hematological malignancy and solid tumor patients. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:143-149. [PMID: 36378415 PMCID: PMC9943986 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral colonization and infection by Candida species are common in cancer patients receiving chemoradiotherapy, which has significantly increased in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency, distribution, and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida species isolates in patients with hematological malignancy and solid tumors. This study was conducted on a total of 45 cancer patients undergoing treatment with concurrent chemoradiotherapy within 2019-2020. The identification of Candida species was accomplished based on conventional examination and molecular assays. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined based on the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The highest prevalence rates of oral candidiasis were observed in patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia (24.4%) and lymphoma (20%). The majority of the patients had oral candidiasis caused by non-albicans Candida species (64.4%). The results of the multiplex PCR for the identification of Candida glabrata, Candida nivariensis, Candida bracarensis, and species-specific Candida parapsilosis complex showed that all isolate amplification products at 397 bp and 171 bp were related to C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis, respectively. There was a significant difference in the Candida species distribution between the hematological malignancies and solid tumors patients. The results of MIC showed that clotrimazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin were the most effective antifungal drugs against oral non-Candida albicans isolates. An understanding of the epidemiology of oral candidiasis among hematological malignancies and solid tumors patients is currently imperative to guide optimal empirical treatment strategies for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Nasri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Cancer Prevention Research Center Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afsane Vaezi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Falahatinejad
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Hosseini Rizi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Sharifi
- Cancer Prevention Research Center Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Sadeghi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Fakhim
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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14
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Advances in the Application of the Non-Conventional Yeast Pichia kudriavzevii in Food and Biotechnology Industries. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020170. [PMID: 36836285 PMCID: PMC9961021 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pichia kudriavzevii is an emerging non-conventional yeast which has attracted increased attention for its application in food and biotechnology areas. It is widespread in various habitats and often occurs in the spontaneous fermentation process of traditional fermented foods and beverages. The contributions of P. kudriavzevii in degrading organic acid, releasing various hydrolase and flavor compounds, and displaying probiotic properties make it a promising starter culture in the food and feed industry. Moreover, its inherent characteristics, including high tolerance to extreme pH, high temperature, hyperosmotic stress and fermentation inhibitors, allow it the potential to address technical challenges in industrial applications. With the development of advanced genetic engineering tools and system biology techniques, P. kudriavzevii is becoming one of the most promising non-conventional yeasts. This paper systematically reviews the recent progress in the application of P. kudriavzevii to food fermentation, the feed industry, chemical biosynthesis, biocontrol and environmental engineering. In addition, safety issues and current challenges to its use are discussed.
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Babamahmoodi F, Rezai MS, Ahangarkani F, Mohammadi Kali A, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Alishahi A, Najafi N, Haddadi A, Davoudi A, Azargon L, Daftarian Z, Kordi S, Abbasi K. Multiple Candida strains causing oral infection in COVID-19 patients under corticosteroids and antibiotic therapy: An observational study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1103226. [PMID: 36619762 PMCID: PMC9816329 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1103226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The occurrence of oral candidiasis (OC) is expected in patients with COVID-19, especially those with moderate to severe forms of infection who are hospitalized and may be on long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics or prolonged corticosteroid therapy. We aimed to characterize clinical conditions, the prevalence profile of Candida species, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with OC. Methods In this observational study, oral samples were obtained from COVID-19 patients suspected of OC admitted to Razi teaching hospital. Patients with OC were monitored daily until discharge from the hospital. Species identification was performed by a two-step multiplex assay named YEAST PLEX, which identifies 17 clinically important uncommon to common yeast strains. Results Among the 4133 patients admitted with COVID-19, 120 (2.90%) suffered from OC. The onset of signs and symptoms of OC in patients was, on average (2.92 ± 3.596 days) with a range (of 1-29 days). The most common OC presentation was white or yellow macules on the buccal surface or the tongue. In (39.16%) of patients suffering from OC multiple Candida strains (with two or more Candida spp.) were identified. The most common Candida species were C. albicans (60.57%), followed by C. glabrata (17.14%), C. tropicalis (11.42%), C. kefyr (10.83%) and C. krusei (3.42%). Notably, OC caused by multiple Candida strains was more predominant in patients under corticosteroid therapy (P <0.0001), broad-spectrum antibiotics therapy (P = 0.028), and those who used nasal corticosteroid spray (P <0.0001). The majority of patients who recovered from OC at the time of discharge were patients with OC by single Candida species (P = 0.049). Discussion Use of corticosteroids and antimicrobial therapy in COVID-19 patients increases risk of OC by multiple Candida strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhang Babamahmoodi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Rezai
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahangarkani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,*Correspondence: Fatemeh Ahangarkani,
| | - Ali Mohammadi Kali
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbas Alishahi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Najafi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Azam Haddadi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Davoudi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Leila Azargon
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Daftarian
- Northbay Medical Center, Vacaville Center for Primary Care, Vacaville, CA, United States
| | - Shirafkan Kordi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kiana Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
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Evangelista AJ, Ferreira TL. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the diagnosis of microorganisms. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:1409-1419. [PMID: 36169347 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiology culture is the gold standard method for identifying microorganisms. This identification protocol takes several days to complete. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a technique that can identify different microorganisms quickly and accurately. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of MALDI-TOF MS in the routine of clinical laboratories to identify microorganisms and to identify their resistance to antimicrobials. This study evaluated the relevance of the MALDI-TOF MS technique for microbiological diagnosis through a literature review. The authors found that MALDI-TOF MS can identify bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites, even in blood cultures, and also serves to assess antimicrobial resistance. Thus, MALDI-TOF MS can become an indispensable tool in laboratory diagnosis.
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Pu K, Qiu J, Li J, Huang W, Lai X, Liu C, Lin Y, Ng KM. MALDI-TOF MS Protein Profiling Combined with Multivariate Analysis for Identification and Quantitation of Beef Adulteration. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Overview on the Infections Related to Rare Candida species. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11090963. [PMID: 36145394 PMCID: PMC9505029 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical Candida spp. infections are rising, mostly due to the increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients. The most common Candida spp. is still Candida albicans; however, in the last decades, there has been an increase in non-Candida albicans Candida species infections (e.g., Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis). Furthermore, in the last 10 years, the reports on uncommon yeasts, such as Candida lusitaniae, Candida intermedia, or Candida norvegensis, have also worryingly increased. This review summarizes the information, mostly related to the last decade, regarding the infections, diagnosis, treatment, and resistance of these uncommon Candida species. In general, there has been an increase in the number of articles associated with the incidence of these species. Additionally, in several cases, there was a suggestive antifungal resistance, particularly with azoles, which is troublesome for therapeutic success.
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Jafarian H, Gharaghani M, Asnafi AA, Hardani AK, Zarei‐Mahmoudabadi A. Phenotype, genotype, and mating type determination in oral
Candida albicans
isolates from pediatric patients with neutropenia. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24664. [PMID: 36082467 PMCID: PMC9459309 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most frequent species of Candida to infect and colonize patients with neutropenia is still Candida albicans. This study aimed to provide detailed information on the phenotype, genotype, and mating type of oral C. albicans isolated from neutropenic pediatric patients, and to investigate how these characteristics are related. Methods Two hundred fifty‐four oral samples from patients under 18 years old with neutropenia and malignancies were collected from January to October 2021. Samples were cultured on CHROMagar Candida. Isolates of C. albicans were identified with the germ tube test, chlamydospore production on cornmeal agar, and PCR‐RFLP. Genotyping of C. albicans isolates was carried out by amplifying the 25S rDNA gene with specific CAINT‐L and CA‐INT‐R primers. MTLa1 and MTLα1 primers were used to identify each mating type. Yeast peptone dextrose supplemented with phloxine B was used to identify different phenotypes. Results Ninety‐two (36%) patients were positive for C. albicans. The mean age of patients was 7.85. Fifty‐three (58.9%) isolates demonstrated type A, 15 (16.7%) type B, 15 (16.7%) types D/E, and 7 (7.7%) type C. Three isolates each (3.3%) were homozygous for MTLa or homozygous for MTLα. All of the MTL‐homozygous isolates were genotype A. There was a significant correlation between patients' underlying disease and genotype (p = 0.036). There was a significant correlation between mating type and genotype (p = 0.000). Conclusion Most of the isolates exhibited a white phenotype, noted in the literature as the most virulent. Moreover, heterozygous strains were frequent and may play a role in Candida colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Jafarian
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Maral Gharaghani
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Ali Amin Asnafi
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Amir Kamal Hardani
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Abuzar Children Hospital Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Ali Zarei‐Mahmoudabadi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
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20
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De Greef F, Hayette MP, Rossi C. Fungemia caused by Pichia kluyveri: an uncommon yeast infection. New Microbes New Infect 2022; 49-50:101018. [PMID: 36177393 PMCID: PMC9513162 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- François De Greef
- Division of Infectious Disease, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Boulevard Kennedy 2, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Corresponding author. François De Greef, Bd John Fitzgerald Kennedy 2, 7000, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Domaine Universitaire, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Camelia Rossi
- Division of Infectious Disease, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Boulevard Kennedy 2, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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Fanou BA, Klotoe JR, Dougnon V, Monteiro A, Koudokpon CH, Loko F. [Prevalence and factors associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis in women admitted to the Zone Hospital of Mènontin (Bénin)]. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 42:215. [PMID: 36845234 PMCID: PMC9949275 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.42.215.28984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) are cosmopolitan affections, very frequent and recurrent, condition due to disruption in vaginal balance and local immunity system. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with VVCs in women admitted to the Mènontin Hospital. Methods we conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology over the period March - August 2020. Sociodemographic, medical and gynecological data were collected from the medical records of 1336 subjects. Candida species were identified by conventional microbiological tests. Results the prevalence of candidiasis was 56.25% in women with leucorrhea. It was not associated with sociodemographic factors such as age, marital status and BMI. Gestational age; the colour of the cervix and the amount and consistency of leucorrhoea were related to the occurrence of candidiasis. The most common species included Candida dubliniensis (36.11%) and Candida albicans (29.17%). Conclusion eight species of candida are responsible for VVC in southern Benin. Knowing the associated factors allows for the implementation of appropriate control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Armand Fanou
- Unité de Recherche en Microbiologie Appliquée et Pharmacologie des Substances Naturelles (URMAPha), Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée (LARBA), Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Jean-Robert Klotoe
- Unité de Recherche en Microbiologie Appliquée et Pharmacologie des Substances Naturelles (URMAPha), Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée (LARBA), Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin,,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou, Université Nationale des Sciences, Technologie, Ingénierie et Mathématiques, Natitingou, Bénin,,Corresponding author: Jean-Robert Klotoe, Unité de Recherche en Microbiologie Appliquée et Pharmacologie des Substances Naturelles (URMAPha), Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée (LARBA), Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin.
| | - Victorien Dougnon
- Unité de Recherche en Microbiologie Appliquée et Pharmacologie des Substances Naturelles (URMAPha), Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée (LARBA), Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | | | - Charles Hornel Koudokpon
- Unité de Recherche en Microbiologie Appliquée et Pharmacologie des Substances Naturelles (URMAPha), Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée (LARBA), Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Frédéric Loko
- Unité de Recherche en Microbiologie Appliquée et Pharmacologie des Substances Naturelles (URMAPha), Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée (LARBA), Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
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Molecular Mapping of Antifungal Mechanisms Accessing Biomaterials and New Agents to Target Oral Candidiasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147520. [PMID: 35886869 PMCID: PMC9320712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis has a high rate of development, especially in immunocompromised patients. Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic therapies in hospitalized HIV and cancer patients are known to induce the poor management of adverse reactions, where local and systemic candidiasis become highly resistant to conventional antifungal therapy. The development of oral candidiasis is triggered by several mechanisms that determine oral epithelium imbalances, resulting in poor local defense and a delayed immune system response. As a result, pathogenic fungi colonies disseminate and form resistant biofilms, promoting serious challenges in initiating a proper therapeutic protocol. Hence, this study of the literature aimed to discuss possibilities and new trends through antifungal therapy for buccal drug administration. A large number of studies explored the antifungal activity of new agents or synergic components that may enhance the effect of classic drugs. It was of significant interest to find connections between smart biomaterials and their activity, to find molecular responses and mechanisms that can conquer the multidrug resistance of fungi strains, and to transpose them into a molecular map. Overall, attention is focused on the nanocolloids domain, nanoparticles, nanocomposite synthesis, and the design of polymeric platforms to satisfy sustained antifungal activity and high biocompatibility with the oral mucosa.
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Sarvestani HK, Ramandi A, Getso MI, Razavyoon T, Javidnia J, Golrizi MB, Saboor-Yaraghi AA, Ansari S. Mass spectrometry in research laboratories and clinical diagnostic: a new era in medical mycology. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:689-707. [PMID: 35344203 PMCID: PMC9151960 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis by clinical mycology laboratory plays a critical role in patient care by providing definitive knowledge of the cause of infection and antimicrobial susceptibility data to physicians. Rapid diagnostic methods are likely to improve patient. Aggressive resuscitation bundles, adequate source control, and appropriate antibiotic therapy are cornerstones for success in the treatment of patients. Routine methods for identifying clinical specimen fungal pathogen are based on the cultivation on different media with the subsequent examination of its phenotypic characteristics comprising a combination of microscopic and colony morphologies. As some fungi cannot be readily identified using these methods, molecular diagnostic methods may be required. These methods are fast, but it can cost a lot. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is suitable for high-throughput and rapid diagnostics at low costs. It can be considered an alternative for conventional biochemical and molecular identification systems in a microbiological laboratory. The reliability and accuracy of this method have been scrutinized in many surveys and have been compared with several methods including sequencing and molecular methods. According to these findings, the reliability and accuracy of this method are very high and can be trusted. With all the benefits of this technique, the libraries of MALDI-TOF MS need to be strengthened to enhance its performance. This review provides an overview of the most recent research literature that has investigated the applications and usage of MT-MS to the identification of microorganisms, mycotoxins, antifungal susceptibility examination, and mycobiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Kamali Sarvestani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ramandi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim Getso
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, PMB, Kano, 3011, Nigeria
| | - Taraneh Razavyoon
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Javidnia
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Miaad Banay Golrizi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saham Ansari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Aboutalebian S, Mahmoudi S, Charsizadeh A, Nikmanesh B, Hosseini M, Mirhendi H. Multiplex size marker (YEAST PLEX) for rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic yeasts. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24370. [PMID: 35318737 PMCID: PMC9102616 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple yeast species can cause human disease, involving superficial to deep‐seated infections. Treatment of these infections depends on the accurate identification of causative agents; however, reliable methods are not available in many laboratories, especially not in resource‐limited settings. Here, a new multiplex assay for rapid and low‐cost identification of pathogenic yeasts is described. Methods A two‐step multiplex assay named YEAST PLEX that comprises of four tubes and identifies 17 clinically important common to rare yeasts was designed and evaluated. The set also provides PCR amplicon of unidentified species for direct sequencing. The specificity of YEAST PLEX was tested using 28 reference strains belonging to 17 species and 101 DNA samples of clinically important non‐target bacteria, parasites, and fungi as well as human genomic DNA. The method was further analyzed using 203 previously identified and 89 unknown clinical yeast isolates. Moreover, the method was tested for its ability to identify mixed yeast colonies by using 18 mixed suspensions of two or three species. Results YEAST PLEX was able to identify all the target species without any non‐specific PCR products. When compared to PCR‐sequencing/MALDI‐TOF, the results of YEAST PLEX were in 100% agreement. Regarding the 89 unknown clinical isolates, random isolates were selected and subjected to PCR‐sequencing. The results of sequencing were in agreement with those of YEAST PLEX. Furthermore, this method was able to correctly identify all yeasts in mixed suspensions. Conclusion YEAST PLEX is an accurate, low‐cost, and rapid method for identification of yeasts, with applicability, especially in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Aboutalebian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Mycology Reference Laboratory, Research Core Facilities Laboratory, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahram Mahmoudi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Charsizadeh
- Immunology, Asthma, and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikmanesh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Hosseini
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, Research Core Facilities Laboratory, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Mycology Reference Laboratory, Research Core Facilities Laboratory, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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25
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Fungi—A Component of the Oral Microbiome Involved in Periodontal Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:113-138. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Activity of antifungal drugs and Brazilian red and green propolis extracted with different methodologies against oral isolates of Candida spp. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:286. [PMID: 34814913 PMCID: PMC8611924 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic disease caused by fungi of the Candida genus. The occurrence of Candida spp. resistance to the commercial antifungal drugs points to the search for alternative treatments. Propolis has been successfully used in the treatment of infectious diseases for centuries. It has been proposed that an ultrasound pretreatment in the propolis extraction protocol can enhance the concentrations of molecules with antimicrobial activities in the final extract. Thus, this study aimed to compare the antifungal activity against oral Candida spp. isolates of green and red propolis extracts submitted or not to an ultrasound pretreatment before the extraction procedure. Methods Candida spp. were isolated from denture stomatitis lesions and identified by sequencing. Oral Candida spp. isolates and reference strains were submitted to broth microdilution assays using commercial antifungals and Brazilian green and red propolis extracts submitted or not to an ultrasound pretreatment. Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimal Fungicide Concentrations (MFC) were determined and biofilm formation interference was evaluated for resistant isolates. Results C. albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida dubliniensis were isolated from denture stomatitis lesions. Growth inhibition was observed in all Candida isolates incubated with all green and red propolis extracts. At lower doses, red propolis extracts presented significant antifungal activity. The ultrasound pretreatment did not promote an increase in the antifungal activity of green or red propolis. Three isolates, which were highly resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole, were susceptible to low doses of red propolis extracts. These same three specimens had their biofilm formation inhibted by red propolis ethanolic extract. Conclusions Thus, red propolis can be faced as a promising natural product to be used in the auxiliary antifungal therapy of denture stomatitis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03445-5.
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Mirhendi H, Charsizadeh A, Aboutalebian S, Mohammadpour M, Nikmanesh B, de Groot T, Meis JF, Badali H. South Asian (Clade I) Candida auris meningitis in a paediatric patient in Iran with a review of the literature. Mycoses 2021; 65:134-139. [PMID: 34780087 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Candida meningitis is a rare life-threatening yeast infection mostly involving immunocompromised or paediatric patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures or shunt placement. Due to difficulties in diagnosis because of diverse clinical manifestations, the number of patients affected is most likely underestimated. Therefore, the correct diagnosis may be delayed for months, and accurate species identification is highly recommended for administering appropriate antifungal therapy. We report the first case of fluconazole-resistant Candida auris meningitis in a paediatric patient in Iran. This strain was probably imported, as it genotypically belonged to Clade I from South Asia. Furthermore, we include a literature review of C auris meningitis cases, as the number of cases with C auris meningitis has increased with reports from the United Kingdom, India and Iran. This problem might increase further in the era of COVID-19 due to attrition of experienced healthcare personnel and a high workload of hospital healthcare workers. To understand the precise prevalence of this emerging multidrug resistance pathogen, epidemiological surveillance studies are urgently warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Core Facility Research Laboratory, Mycology Reference Laboratory, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezou Charsizadeh
- Immunology, Asthma, and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Aboutalebian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadpour
- Pediatric Intensive Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikmanesh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Theun de Groot
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Hamid Badali
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Awandkar SP, Kulkarni MB, Agnihotri AA, Chavan VG, Chincholkar VV. Novel fluconazole-resistant zoonotic yeast isolated from mastitis. Anim Biotechnol 2021:1-10. [PMID: 34613892 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1982725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted during 2018-2019 to decipher the prevalence of yeast mastitis. The results indicated a 19.68% prevalence of clinical mastitis in bovines. Among them, 5.51% of samples revealed yeasts constituting 1.09% overall prevalence. Candida albicans was recorded as a significant fungal agent involved in clinical bovine mastitis. We record the association of Kodamaea ohmeri in clinical bovine mastitis. On proteomic and molecular confirmation, K. ohmeri isolates were re-identified from phenotypically identified Candida isolates associated with bovine mastitis. After conventional identification, the yeast isolates were re-identified by MALDI-TOF MS-based proteomic approaches. The D1/D2 domains of 26S-rRNA gene and 5.8S-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA regions based molecular phylogenetic analysis identified the isolates as K. ohmeri. The isolates were resistant to fluconazole. This study reports the first systemic study of K. ohmeri isolates recovered from bovine clinical mastitis, utilizing conventional, automated, proteomic, and genomic approaches followed by antifungal susceptibility. The findings suggest K. ohmeri as a potent opportunistic emerging pathogen of veterinary and public health concern, need for accurate identification of fungal agents from mycotic mastitis, and use of validated antifungal susceptibility assay because of developing resistance to antimycotic agents. Our findings suggest judicious use of fluconazole and alternative antifungal agents may be considered in case of an outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar P Awandkar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Udgir, India
| | - Mahesh B Kulkarni
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Udgir, India
| | - Aditya A Agnihotri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Udgir, India
| | - Vishranti G Chavan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Udgir, India
| | - Vijay V Chincholkar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vilasrao Deshmukh Government Institute of Medical Research, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Latur, India
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Kermani F, Sadeghian M, Shokohi T, Hashemi S, Moslemi D, Davodian S, Abastabar M, Bandalizadeh Z, Faeli L, Seifi Z, Fami Zaghrami M, Haghani I. Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species isolated from oral lesions in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 7:44-50. [PMID: 34553097 PMCID: PMC8443873 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.1.6242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Radiation therapy in patients with head and neck malignancies predisposes them to oral Candida colonization and infection due to damage of oral mucosa and
destruction of the salivary gland. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing radiotherapy (RT),
identify the yeasts isolated from them, and determine their antifungal susceptibility. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2018 to June 2019 at two referral radiotherapy centers in northern Iran.
Yeast strains that were isolated from patients with HNC were identified using conventional and molecular methods. The in vitro activities of eight common antifungal
drugs against 55 isolates were investigated according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (M27-A3 and M27-S4) broth microdilution document. Results: Among 59 patients receiving RT, the prevalence of OPC was 21 (35.59%) and 15 (25.42%) patients were diagnosed with colonization. The mean age of the patients was
55.32±13.3 years (within the range of 27-87 years). In this study, the pseudomembranous form was reported as the most clinical type of OPC. Candida albicans with the
frequency of 60% was the most common type of Candida spp. that was observed in this study, although non-albicansCandida spp.,
such as C. glabrata (27.27%), C. tropicalis (5.45%), C. parapsilosis (3.63%), C. krusei (1.83%), and C. kefyr (1.83%) were also isolated.
Considering the low minimum inhibitory concentration range of amphotericin B, compared to fluconazole, administration of this agent is a more suitable antifungal
drug for extensive oral candidiasis in these patients. Among azoles, clotrimazole had low efficacy and several studied isolates (65.5%) showed resistance. Conclusion: Correct diagnosis as well as determining drug sensitivity and risk factors are the effective steps in reducing the complications related to oral candidiasis in people undergoing RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Kermani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohaddese Sadeghian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyedebrahim Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Dariush Moslemi
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Saeed Davodian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zainab Bandalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Leyla Faeli
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Seifi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Fami Zaghrami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Iman Haghani
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Li C, Xu Z, Liu S, Huang R, Duan W, Wei X. In vivo antifungal activities of farnesol combined with antifungal drugs against murine oral mucosal candidiasis. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:818-829. [PMID: 34579611 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1967938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The antifungal resistence of oral candidiasis is a serious clinical issue. The in vivo efficacy of farnesol combined with antifungals for oral candidiasis remains unknown. The possible therapeutic effects of a combination of farnesol and antifungal drugs and the regulation of inflammatory cytokines in murine oral candidiasis were investigated in this study. An experimental oral candidiasis model was constructed using ICR mice. Farnesol at 25 and 50 μM did not change IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α production during oral candidiasis compared with that of the control infected mice. The co-applications of farnesol (50 μM) and nystatin, farnesol (4 μM, 8 μM) and itraconazole, farnesol (25, 50 μM), and fluconazole enhanced the therapeutic activity of the antifungal agents alone against oral candidiasis. The effective combinations reduced the number of colony forming units (CFU) of Candida albicans isolated from the oral cavity and oral lesions on the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Li
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rhyme Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Duan
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Hassan Y, Chew SY, Than LTL. Candida glabrata: Pathogenicity and Resistance Mechanisms for Adaptation and Survival. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080667. [PMID: 34436206 PMCID: PMC8398317 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata is a yeast of increasing medical relevance, particularly in critically ill patients. It is the second most isolated Candida species associated with invasive candidiasis (IC) behind C. albicans. The attributed higher incidence is primarily due to an increase in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) population, cancer, and diabetic patients. The elderly population and the frequent use of indwelling medical devices are also predisposing factors. This work aimed to review various virulence factors that facilitate the survival of pathogenic C. glabrata in IC. The available published research articles related to the pathogenicity of C. glabrata were retrieved and reviewed from four credible databases, mainly Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus. The articles highlighted many virulence factors associated with pathogenicity in C. glabrata, including adherence to susceptible host surfaces, evading host defences, replicative ageing, and producing hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., phospholipases, proteases, and haemolysins). The factors facilitate infection initiation. Other virulent factors include iron regulation and genetic mutations. Accordingly, biofilm production, tolerance to high-stress environments, resistance to neutrophil killings, and development of resistance to antifungal drugs, notably to fluconazole and other azole derivatives, were reported. The review provided evident pathogenic mechanisms and antifungal resistance associated with C. glabrata in ensuring its sustenance and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahaya Hassan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano 700241, Nigeria;
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Shu Yih Chew
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Leslie Thian Lung Than
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-39769-2373
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Kinkela Devcic M, Simonic-Kocijan S, Prpic J, Paskovic I, Cabov T, Kovac Z, Glazar I. Oral Candidal Colonization in Patients with Different Prosthetic Appliances. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080662. [PMID: 34436202 PMCID: PMC8399303 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral infections caused by Candida species are becoming more common, which may be related to an increase in the number of immunologically compromised patients as well as favorable conditions in the oral cavity that often include removable prosthetic appliances. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of a particular Candida species in patients with PMMA and Cr-Co prosthetic appliances, as well as the salivary flow rate, and oral signs and symptoms. This investigation included a total of 120 subjects with different kinds of removable dentures. A sample of concentrated oral rinse was collected from all subjects in order to detect Candida colonization and identify the Candida species, a quantum of salivation was measured, and subjects were examined clinically. Candida spp. was predominant among the subjects who were denture wearers (p < 0.0001). In all subjects, the most frequently detected species was C.albicans. A statistically significant difference was found between the prevalence of C.albicans (p < 0.001) and C.krusei (p < 0.001) in denture wearers. Subjects with PMMA-based removable prosthetic appliances mostly demonstrated a significant decrease in salivation (p < 0.001), an increase in burning sensations (p < 0.001), and dry mouth (p < 0.001) compared to the subjects who wore partial dentures with Co–Cr metallic frameworks. Red oral lesions were more frequently found among the subjects with partial dentures with Co–Cr metallic frameworks (p < 0.001). Regardless of the material used for the denture, patients must be regularly checked by their dentists in order to prevent the development of oral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kinkela Devcic
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40/42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.K.D.); (T.C.)
| | - Suncana Simonic-Kocijan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40/42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (S.S.-K.); (I.G.)
| | - Jelena Prpic
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40/42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Igor Paskovic
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Porec, Croatia;
| | - Tomislav Cabov
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40/42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.K.D.); (T.C.)
| | - Zoran Kovac
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40/42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Irena Glazar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40/42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (S.S.-K.); (I.G.)
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Spoilage microbes’ effect on freshness and IMP degradation in sturgeon fillets during chilled storage. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ahangarkani F, Ilkit M, Vaseghi N, Zahedi N, Zomorodian K, Khodavaisy S, Afsarian MH, Abbasi K, de Groot T, Meis JF, Badali H. MALDI-TOF MS characterisation, genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of Trichosporon species from Iranian clinical samples. Mycoses 2021; 64:918-925. [PMID: 33998718 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichosporonosis is an emerging fungal infection caused by Trichosporon species, a genus of yeast-like fungi, which are frequently encountered in human infections ranging from mild cutaneous lesions to fungemia in immunocompromised patients. The incidence of trichosporonosis has increased in recent years, owing to higher numbers of individuals at risk for this infection. Although amphotericin B, posaconazole and isavuconazole are generally effective against Trichosporon species, some isolates may have variable susceptibility to these antifungals. OBJECTIVES Herein, we evaluated the species distribution, genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Trichosporon isolates in Iran. METHODS The yeasts were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). The in vitro susceptibilities of eight antifungal agents were analysed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution methods. RESULTS The isolates belonged to the species T asahii (n = 20), T japonicum (n = 4) and T faecale (n = 3). A dendrogram of the AFLP analysis demonstrated that T asahii and non-asahii Trichosporon strains (T japonicum and T faecale) are phylogenetically distinct. While voriconazole was the most active agent (GM MIC = 0.075 μg/ml), high fluconazole MICs (8 μg/ml) were observed for a quarter of Trichosporon isolates. The GM MIC value of amphotericin B for T asahii and non-asahii Trichosporon species was 0.9 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS The distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of the identified Trichosporon species could inform therapeutic choices for treating these emerging life-threatening fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahangarkani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Narges Vaseghi
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nina Zahedi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Afsarian
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Kiana Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Theun de Groot
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/ Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Hamid Badali
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Biomaterials for the Prevention of Oral Candidiasis Development. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060803. [PMID: 34072188 PMCID: PMC8229946 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of microorganisms coexist within the human microbiota. However, certain conditions can predispose the organism to the overgrowth of specific pathogens that further lead to opportunistic infections. One of the most common such imbalances in the normal oral flora is the excessive growth of Candida spp., which produces oral candidiasis. In immunocompromised individuals, this fungal infection can reach the systemic level and become life-threatening. Hence, prompt and efficient treatment must be administered. Traditional antifungal agents, such as polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins, may often result in severe adverse effects, regardless of the administration form. Therefore, novel treatments have to be developed and implemented in clinical practice. In this regard, the present paper focuses on the newest therapeutic options against oral Candida infections, reviewing compounds and biomaterials with inherent antifungal properties, improved materials for dental prostheses and denture adhesives, drug delivery systems, and combined approaches towards developing the optimum treatment.
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Jafarian H, Gharaghani M, Seyedian SS, Mahmoudabadi AZ. Genotyping, antifungal susceptibility, enzymatic activity, and phenotypic variation in Candida albicans from esophageal candidiasis. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23826. [PMID: 33988259 PMCID: PMC8274993 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal candidiasis is the most frequent form of esophagitis. The pathogenicity of Candida spp. is related to a combination of microbial factors, hydrolytic enzyme secretion and phenotypic switching. This study was designed to investigate esophageal candidiasis, antifungal activity, enzymatic activity patterns, phenotyping, and genotyping profiles of Candida albicans species. Methods Nine hundred thirty‐three visited patients were evaluated, and esophageal biopsies from patients were included in this study during 2019–2020. Direct smear, Gram staining, and culture on CHROMagar were performed for each sample. Isolated species were identified with conventional procedures and PCR‐RFLP. Susceptibility to antifungals was determined according to CLSI guidelines. ABC typing, phenotype switching, hemolysin, proteinase, phospholipase, and esterase activity were also determined with the appropriate protocols. Results Twenty‐three (2.5%) patients (mean age 55.2 years) were diagnosed with esophageal candidiasis. The species isolated were 19(82.6%) C. albicans, 3(13.1%) C. glabrata, and 1(4.3%) C. tropicalis. Genotype A (57.9%) was the predominant type in C. albicans isolates. 50% of C. albicans isolates exhibited a white phenotype. A high level of phospholipase (47.4%), hemolysin (68.4%), and proteinase activity (36.8%) was observed in the C. albicans isolates. Only three C. glabrata isolates displayed non‐wild type susceptibility to voriconazole and itraconazole. Conclusion This study shows that C. albicans are still the most frequent isolates from patients with esophageal candidiasis. The predominance of genotype A, the white phenotype, and strong hemolysin activity may indicate a high prevalence of pathogenicity in these isolates. Sensitivity to antifungal drugs was greatest for amphotericin and fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Jafarian
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maral Gharaghani
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Seyedian
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Černáková L, Roudbary M, Brás S, Tafaj S, Rodrigues CF. Candida auris: A Quick Review on Identification, Current Treatments, and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4470. [PMID: 33922907 PMCID: PMC8123192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is a novel and major fungal pathogen that has triggered several outbreaks in the last decade. The few drugs available to treat fungal diseases, the fact that this yeast has a high rate of multidrug resistance and the occurrence of misleading identifications, and the ability of forming biofilms (naturally more resistant to drugs) has made treatments of C. auris infections highly difficult. This review intends to quickly illustrate the main issues in C. auris identification, available treatments and the associated mechanisms of resistance, and the novel and alternative treatment and drugs (natural and synthetic) that have been recently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Černáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Maryam Roudbary
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
| | - Susana Brás
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO—‘Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira’, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Silva Tafaj
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital “Shefqet Ndroqi”, 1044 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Célia F. Rodrigues
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Sánchez-Cárdenas CD, Vega-Sánchez D, Vargas-Santana SB, Flores-Rivera J, Arenas R, Corona T. Onychomycosis in patients with multiple sclerosis: prevalence, clinical description, mycological, and dermoscopic study in a Mexican population. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:1102-1108. [PMID: 33855705 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease related to HLA-DR8. Susceptibility to onychomycosis has been found in Mexican mestizos with HLA-DR8. The frequency of onychomycosis in this neurological disease is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of onychomycosis and its clinical, mycological, and dermoscopic characteristics in patients with MS in comparison with the general population. METHODS Observational, cross-sectional, case-control study in patients with MS from October 2017 to February 2018. Age, gender, MS type, and time of progression from diagnosis to date and baseline treatment were collected after signed informed consent. A neurological exploration and clinical examination of fingernails and toenails for onychomycosis was conducted. Mycological and dermoscopic studies of the infected nails were performed on patients with clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis. A healthy control group was taken for each case (1:1), paired by age and gender. RESULTS The frequency of onychomycosis in patients with MS was higher than the healthy population (32% vs. 26%, P = 0.509). A higher frequency of non-dermatophyte fungi was found, although it was not statistically significant. The clinical manifestations and dermoscopic findings in patients with MS and onychomycosis were similar to those of the general population. CONCLUSION The frequency of onychomycosis in patients with MS is slightly higher than that of the general population. A possible association of HLA-DR8 as a susceptibility factor for onychomycosis is proposed. The etiology of opportunistic fungi in MS patients with onychomycosis may be related to immunosuppressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Vega-Sánchez
- Mycology Section, Dr. Manuel Gea González General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sarah B Vargas-Santana
- Clinical Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Flores-Rivera
- Clinical Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arenas
- Mycology Section, Dr. Manuel Gea González General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Corona
- Clinical Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
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Kaan Ö, Koç AN, Atalay MA, Mutlu Sarigüzel F. Molecular epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors of Candida glabrata complex strains in Kayseri/Turkey. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104870. [PMID: 33774107 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis are included in Candida glabrata complex, which are usually misidentified as C. glabrata based on phenotypic identification methods. It was aimed to identify C. glabrata complex isolated from various clinical samples in Kayseri/Turkey to the species level and to determine antifungal susceptibilities, virulence factors, and molecular epidemiology. METHODS Eighty three C. glabrata complex strains were studied in this study. Strains were phenotypically and molecularly identified. Phylogenetic analysis was done by the neighbor-joining method. Proteinase, phospholipase, esterase enzyme activity, and biofilm formation of strains were determined phenotypically. Antifungal susceptibility of strains were determined according to M60-Ed2 recommendations. RESULTS All the 83 strains identified as C. glabrata complex by phenotypic tests were confirmed as C. glabrata sensu stricto (C. glabrata) by PCR amplification and sequence analysis, but other complex members C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis were not detected. Phylogenetic analysis results revealed 19 different genotypes. No clonal relationship was detected among the strains. Biofilm formation in 75.9% of strains and esterase activity in 7.2% were found positive. Antifungal resistance rates of strains were determined as 9.2% for fluconazole and 45.8% for itraconazole; 43.4% of the strains for voriconazole were determined as non-wild type. CONCLUSION It was determined that biofilm and esterase activity might play an active role in the virulence of C. glabrata. In addition, high resistance rates to azoles in C. glabrata strains isolated in our hospital at Kayseri/Turkey emphasized the significance of epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Kaan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - A Nedret Koç
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Altay Atalay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fatma Mutlu Sarigüzel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with oral Candida albicans infection, although it is unclear whether the fungus promotes the genesis and progression of OSCC or whether cancer facilitates fungal growth. In this study, we investigated whether C. albicans can potentiate OSCC tumor development and progression. In vitro, the presence of live C. albicans, but not Candida parapsilosis, enhanced the progression of OSCC by stimulating the production of matrix metalloproteinases, oncometabolites, protumor signaling pathways, and overexpression of prognostic marker genes associated with metastatic events. C. albicans also upregulated oncogenes in nonmalignant cells. Using a newly established xenograft in vivo mouse model to investigate OSCC-C. albicans interactions, oral candidiasis enhanced the progression of OSCC through inflammation and induced the overexpression of metastatic genes and significant changes in markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Finally, using the 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) murine model, we directly correlate these in vitro and short-term in vivo findings with the progression of oncogenesis over the long term. Taken together, these data indicate that C. albicans upregulates oncogenes, potentiates a premalignant phenotype, and is involved in early and late stages of malignant promotion and progression of oral cancer. IMPORTANCE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a serious health issue worldwide that accounts for 2% to 4% of all cancer cases. Previous studies have revealed a higher yeast carriage and diversity in oral cancer patients than in healthy individuals. Furthermore, fungal colonization in the oral cavity bearing OSCC is higher on the neoplastic epithelial surface than on adjacent healthy surfaces, indicating a positive association between oral yeast carriage and epithelial carcinoma. In addition to this, there is strong evidence supporting the idea that Candida contributes to carcinogenesis events in the oral cavity. Here, we show that an increase in Candida albicans burden promotes an oncogenic phenotype in the oral cavity.
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Talapko J, Juzbašić M, Matijević T, Pustijanac E, Bekić S, Kotris I, Škrlec I. Candida albicans-The Virulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:79. [PMID: 33499276 PMCID: PMC7912069 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common commensal fungus that colonizes the oropharyngeal cavity, gastrointestinal and vaginal tract, and healthy individuals' skin. In 50% of the population, C. albicans is part of the normal flora of the microbiota. The various clinical manifestations of Candida species range from localized, superficial mucocutaneous disorders to invasive diseases that involve multiple organ systems and are life-threatening. From systemic and local to hereditary and environmental, diverse factors lead to disturbances in Candida's normal homeostasis, resulting in a transition from normal flora to pathogenic and opportunistic infections. The transition in the pathophysiology of the onset and progression of infection is also influenced by Candida's virulence traits that lead to the development of candidiasis. Oral candidiasis has a wide range of clinical manifestations, divided into primary and secondary candidiasis. The main supply of C. albicans in the body is located in the gastrointestinal tract, and the development of infections occurs due to dysbiosis of the residential microbiota, immune dysfunction, and damage to the muco-intestinal barrier. The presence of C. albicans in the blood is associated with candidemia-invasive Candida infections. The commensal relationship exists as long as there is a balance between the host immune system and the virulence factors of C. albicans. This paper presents the virulence traits of Candida albicans and clinical manifestations of specific candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.T.); (M.J.)
| | - Martina Juzbašić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.T.); (M.J.)
| | - Tatjana Matijević
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Emina Pustijanac
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, HR-52100 Pula, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Bekić
- Family Medicine Practice, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivan Kotris
- Department of Internal Medicine, General County Hospital Vukovar, HR-3200 Vukovar, Croatia;
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.T.); (M.J.)
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Comparison of PCR-RFLP with 21-plex PCR and rDNA Sequencing for Identification of Clinical Yeast Isolates. Mycopathologia 2021; 186:213-220. [PMID: 33398667 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-albicans Candida species and other rare yeasts have emerged as major opportunistic pathogens in fungal infections. Identification of opportunistic yeasts in developing countries is mainly performed by phenotypic assay, which are time-consuming and prone to errors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate PCR-RFLP as a routinely used identification technique for the most clinically important Candida species in Iran and make a comparison with a novel multiplex PCR, called 21-plex PCR. One hundred and seventy-three yeast isolates from clinical sources were selected and identified with sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domains of rDNA (LSU rDNA) sequencing as the gold standard method. The results were compared with those obtained by PCR-RFLP using MspI restriction enzyme and the 21-plex PCR. PCR-RFLP correctly identified 93.4% of common pathogenic Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and P. kudriavsevii (= C. krusei)) and was able to identify 45.5% of isolates of the uncommon yeast species compared to the D1/D2 rDNA sequencing. Compared with PCR-RFLP, all common Candida species and 72.7% of uncommon yeast species were correctly identified by the 21-plex PCR. The application of the 21-plex PCR assay as a non-sequence-based molecular method for the identification of common and rare yeasts can reduce turnaround time and costs for the identification of clinically important yeasts and can be applied in resource-limited settings.
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Balogh B, Somodi S, Tanyi M, Miszti C, Márton I, Kelentey B. Follow-up Study of Microflora Changes in Crevicular Gingival Fluid in Obese Subjects After Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2020; 30:5157-5161. [PMID: 32996104 PMCID: PMC7719104 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of weight loss on the crevicular microflora following bariatric surgery. Crevicular fluid samples were taken from 57 subjects: 22 were in the normal control group; 18 in the obese control group; and 17 patients had had bariatric surgery, who underwent a repeat sampling 6 to 12 months after the operation. Crevicular fluid samples were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. After surgery and weight loss, the mean germ count increased, albeit not significantly. Also, Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species: C. dubliniensis, C. kefyr, and C. lusitaniae appeared after surgery (p < 0.05) in subjects where Neisseria was either absent throughout or eliminated after surgery. However, periodontitis did not develop during this time in our subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Balogh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Somodi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Tanyi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Cecília Miszti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Márton
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Barna Kelentey
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
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Rare Invasive Yeast Infections in Greek Neonates and Children, a Retrospective 12-Year Study. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040194. [PMID: 32998455 PMCID: PMC7711555 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Candida species remain the leading cause of invasive fungal infections (IFI), the list of other isolated fungal pathogens is increasing. The aim of the study was to report cases of IFI caused by rare yeasts in the largest tertiary Greek pediatric hospital. A retrospective study was performed from 6/2008–6/2020 regarding IFI caused by rare species. Identification of isolates was attained by conventional, molecular, and MALDI TOF MS methods, and susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards (CLSI) methodology. During a 12-year period, 14 different rare fungal species in 33 neonates and children with IFI hospitalized in intensive care and oncology units were isolated from blood, central catheters, peritoneal, pleural, or pericardial fluid specimens. It is the first time for IFI caused by Wickerhamomyces anomalus (Candida pelliculosa), Pichia fermentans (Candida lambica), Yarrowia (Candida) lipolytica, Pichia (Hansenula) kluyveri, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Wickerhamiella (Candida) pararugosa and Cyberlindnera (Candida) fabianii in Greek neonates and children to be reported. For most of these rare fungal species isolated in the present study, no official antifungal breakpoints have been defined, and there are no guidelines for their treatment. Clinical laboratories should be aware of uncommon and emerging yeast pathogens and be able to detect them with molecular and proteomic methods.
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Accuracy of matrix-assisted LASER desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for identification of Candida. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:BSR20190859. [PMID: 31537628 PMCID: PMC6822510 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Candida is a fungus that causes various types of candidemia, which is the fourth major infectious disease of the blood system. MALDI-TOF-MS is a simple and rapid detection instrument. The aim of the present study was to verify the accuracy of MALDI-TOF-MS in detecting Candida. Method: A pooled analysis of articles on MALDI-TOF-MS for diagnosis of candidemia was performed. The quality of original research was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) guidelines. Stata 12.0 software was used to merge the correct identification rates of Candida and Candida subspecies and obtain pooled sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic methods. Heterogeneity was found in the subgroup analysis of the included articles. Hence, we explored the factors causing the heterogeneity and its impact on the overall situation. Sensitivity analysis was used to examine the effect of Candida level on total response. Egger’s test was used to evaluate the publication bias of the included articles. Results: A total of 16 articles in Pubmed, 79 articles in Embase, 1 article in Cochrane Library, 30 articles in Web of Science and 3 from other sources were identified, of which 10 articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall identification accuracy was 100%. Conclusion: The accuracy of MALDI-TOF-MS for the identification of Candida was 100%. Further research is necessary to determine whether MALDI-TOF-MS can be used as a clinical diagnostic standard for the identification of Candida.
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Gerós-Mesquita Â, Carvalho-Pereira J, Franco-Duarte R, Alves A, Gerós H, Pais C, Sampaio P. Oral Candida albicans colonization in healthy individuals: prevalence, genotypic diversity, stability along time and transmissibility. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1820292. [PMID: 33062200 PMCID: PMC7534343 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1820292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 181 healthy individuals, including 29 couples, were analysed regarding oral yeast colonization using a culture-based approach. Results showed that 39% of the individuals were yeast carriers, 89% being colonized with Candida albicans, 5% with C. guilliermondi, 3% with C. lusitaniae and 3% with C. parapsilosis. Sixty-two percent of the couples had at least one member colonized. Colonization and CFU counts were higher in the couples´ group. Eighty percent of the volunteers were colonized with C. albicans strains with only one CAI genotype, while two but similar CAI genotypes inhabited the oral cavity of the remaining 20% individuals. The same CAI genotypes were found in 66.6% of the couples when both were colonized. Our results indicate that the intimacy among couples increases the probability of heavy cross-colonization, which is potentiated when one member of the couple is a smoker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Gerós-Mesquita
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology) / Department of Biology / University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho-Pereira
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology) / Department of Biology / University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Franco-Duarte
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology) / Department of Biology / University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Hernâni Gerós
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology) / Department of Biology / University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- CITAB (Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences) / University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- CEB (Centre of Biological Engineering) /Department of Biological Engineering / University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Célia Pais
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology) / Department of Biology / University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paula Sampaio
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology) / Department of Biology / University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Eghtedar Nejad E, Ghasemi Nejad Almani P, Mohammadi MA, Salari S. Molecular identification of Candida isolates by Real-time PCR-high-resolution melting analysis and investigation of the genetic diversity of Candida species. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23444. [PMID: 32656934 PMCID: PMC7595915 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida species are considered as the cause of one of the most important opportunistic fungal diseases. Accurate identification of Candida species is important because of antifungal susceptibility patterns are different among these species, so proper identification helps in the selection of antifungal drugs for the prevention and treatment. Phenotypic methods for identification of Candida species, which are widely used in clinical microbiology laboratories, have some limitations. Real-time PCR followed by the high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) is a novel approach for the rapid recognition of pathogenic fungi. Molecular phylogeny is essential for obtaining a better understanding of the evolution of the genus Candida and the identification of the relative degree of the Candida species. The purpose of this study was molecular identification of Candida isolates by Real-time PCR-high-resolution melting analysis and investigation of the genetic diversity of Candida species. METHODS Two hundred and thirty-two Candida isolates including 111 Candida isolates obtained from 96 HIV/AIDS patients and 121 Candida isolates obtained from 98 non-HIV persons were identified by real-time PCR and high-resolution melting curve analysis. To evaluate genetic diversity and relationships among Candida species, PCR products of nine clinical Candida isolates, as a representative of each kind of species, were randomly selected for DNA sequence analysis. RESULTS In HIV/AIDS patients, six species of Candida spp. were identified as follows: C albicans (n = 64; 57.7%), C glabrata (n = 31; 27.92%), C parapsilosis (n = 9; 8.1%), C tropicalis (n = 4; 3.6%), C krusei (n = 2; 1.8%), and C kefyr (n = 1; 0.90%). In non-HIV persons, we identified eight species of Candida including C albicans (n = 46; 38.33%) followed by C glabrata and C krusei (each one, n = 18; 15%), C tropicalis (n = 13; 10.83%), C lusitaniae (n = 12; 5.17%), C parapsilosis (n = 10; 4.31%), and C kefyr and C guillermondii (each one, n = 2; 1.66%). Also, the phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of two main clades and six separate subclades. Accordingly, about 88.9% of the isolates were located in clade I and 11.10% of the studied isolates were in clade II. CONCLUSIONS Real-time PCR followed by high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) is known as a reliable, fast, and simple approach for detection and accurate identification of Candida species, especially in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel Eghtedar Nejad
- Pathobiology and Medical Diagnosis Laboratory, Mehregan Hospital, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Pooya Ghasemi Nejad Almani
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohammadi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Samira Salari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Ahangarkani F, Shokohi T, Rezai MS, Ilkit M, Mahmoodi Nesheli H, Karami H, Tamaddoni A, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Khodavaisy S, Meis JF, Badali H. Epidemiological features of nosocomial candidaemia in neonates, infants and children: A multicentre study in Iran. Mycoses 2020; 63:382-394. [PMID: 31985076 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nosocomial bloodstream candidaemia is a life-threatening fungal infection with high morbidity and mortality, especially among paediatric patients undergoing intensive immunosuppressive therapy. Limited data on the epidemiology of candidaemia and susceptibility profiles are available for Iran. To characterise candidaemia epidemiology, comorbidity risk factors, species distribution, and antifungal susceptibility profiles among paediatric patients in Iran. This observational cross-sectional study enrolled 26 189 patients <18 years old at three reference paediatric hospitals in Mazandaran and Tehran over 2 years. Blood samples from patients with suspected fungal bloodstream infection were analysed using the BACTEC culture system. Fungal isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and DNA sequencing. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution guideline. We observed 109 episodes of nosocomial candidaemia in paediatric patients with or without immunosuppressive therapy. The most common healthcare-associated factor was central vascular catheter use (97%). The all-cause mortality rate was 40%, of which 48% was attributable to candidaemia. While Candida albicans was the most frequent causative agent (49%), emerging and uncommon Candida species were also isolated. Candidaemia mortality by non-albicans Candida species was significantly higher than that by C. albicans (P < .05). All fluconazole-resistant species were non-albicans Candida species. Uncommon Candida species with reduced susceptibility to antifungals are emerging as major agents of nosocomial candidaemia in high-risk paediatric patients in Iran. Appropriate source control, antifungal regimens and improved antifungal stewardship are warranted for managing and decreasing the burden of nosocomial candidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahangarkani
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Rezai
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hassan Mahmoodi Nesheli
- Non-Communicable Pediatrics Disease Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hossein Karami
- Thalassemia Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tamaddoni
- Non-Communicable Pediatrics Disease Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc /CWZ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hamid Badali
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Modiri M, Hashemi SJ, GhazvinI RD, Khodavaisy S, Ahmadi A, Ghaffari M, Rezaie S. Antifungal susceptibility pattern and biofilm-related genes expression in planktonic and biofilm cells of Candida parapsilosis species complex. Curr Med Mycol 2020; 5:35-42. [PMID: 32104742 PMCID: PMC7034785 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.5.4.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Candida parapsilosis complex isolates are mainly responsible for nosocomial catheter-related infection in immunocompromised patients. Biofilm formation is regarded as one of the most pertinent key virulence factors in the development of these emerging infections. The present study aimed to compare in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns and biofilm-related genes expression ratio in planktonic and biofilm’s cells of clinically C. parapsilosis complex isolates. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on a number of 17 clinical C. parapsilosis complex (10 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 5 C. orthopsilosis, and 2 C. metapsilosis). The antifungal susceptibility patterns of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin in planktonic and biofilm forms were closely examined using CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method. The expression levels of biofilm-related genes (BCR1, EFG1, and FKS1) were evaluated in planktonic and biofilm’s cells using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Results: The obtained results indicated that all C. parapsilosis complex isolates were able to produce high and moderate amounts of biofilm forms. In addition, the sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations were reported to be high for fluconazole (≥ 64 µg/ml), itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole (≥ 16 µg/ml), as compared to planktonic minimum inhibitory concentrations. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between antifungal susceptibility patterns for all azole antifungal agents (P<0.05). Furthermore, the BCR1 overexpression was considered significant in biofilms with regard to planktonic cells in C. parapsilosis species complex (P=0.002). Conclusion: C. parapsilosis complex isolates were found susceptible to most of the tested antifungal drugs, while biofilms demonstrated a noticeable resistant to azoles. The marked discrepancy noted in antifungal susceptibility patterns among these species should be highlighted to achieve effective therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Modiri
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamal Hashemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Daie GhazvinI
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Ghaffari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva, Iran
| | - Sassan Rezaie
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Osypchuk NО, Nastenko VB, Shirobokov VP, Korotkyi YV. Sensitivity of antifungal preparations of Сandida isolates from sub-biotopes of the human oral cavity. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is the commonest opportunistic infection of the oral cavity. As a result of immune-deficiency of the organism, yeasts of Candida genus by acting as commensal organisms transmute into pathogenic organisms. The article presents frequency of isolation, topographic peculiarities, species range, sensitivity of the Candida yeasts to antimycotics and newly-synthesized derivatives of amino alcohols isolated from the sub-biotopes of the oral cavity of patients with oncopathologies. The survey of the material included microscopic, mycologic, statistical-analytical methods. For all the clinical isolates the sensitivity to antifungal preparations was determined. Over the study 492 sub-biotopes of the oral cavity were examined. The extraction of the material was made from the mucous membrane of the cheek, angle of the mouth, mucous membrane of the surface of the tongue and the palate. According to the results of the conducted studies, the level of candidal carriage on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity in the patients with oncopathologies without clinical signs of candidiasis equaled 25.0%, active candidiasis infection was found in 47.0% of cases. Among the clinical strains, we isolated: C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Among all the isolated strains, in all 4 sub-biotopes C. albicans dominated accounting for 73.1%. In 4 sub-biotopes we detected the association of two species of Candida. Analysis of the obtained results of the susceptibility of strains to modern antymicotics and newly-synthesized substances revealed that the representatives of non-albicans are more resistant to the antifungal preparations. Among the commercial preparations, amphotericin B exerted the highest activity against the clinical isolates of yeast-like fungi. The concentration of 0.97 µg/mL inhibited 50.0% of representatives of non-albicans, and also 75.0% of isolates of C. albicans. Fluconazole exhibited activity in the concentration of 1 µg/mL towards 17.0% of non-albicans and 25.0% of С. albicans. Itraconazole was observed to have no significant antifungal activity. Among the newly-synthesized aryl acyclic amino alcohols, compound Kc22 displayed high activity against both groups of Candida (experimental and control) making it promising for creating new therapeutic preparations. The parameters of resistance of clinical isolates to modern antimycotics indicate the necessity of constant monitoring of the sensitivity of the pathogens of candidiasis and precise species identification for rational use of antifungal preparations and prevention of the development of antimycotic resistance.
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