1
|
Saleh HA, Nabil G, Badawy SAMM. Comparative immunohistochemical expression of Beta catenin and CD163 between dysplastic / non-dysplastic oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions (EX-VIVO STUDY). BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:1122. [PMID: 39327577 PMCID: PMC11430547 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus is a well-known chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder, which has clinical and histological presentation that mimics oral lichenoid reaction. According to the fifth edition of WHO, both conditions are considered as oral potentially malignant disorders. Recent studies on oral potential disorders documented deregulation of some signaling molecules related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Therefore this study aimed to compare the immune expression of β-catenin & CD163 in dysplastic /non-dysplastic cases of Oral lichen planus & oral lichenoid lesion. In addition, a statistical correlation between both immune markers was done regardless of the type of the study group. METHODS Four study groups were designated as 2 groups of Oral lichen planus (one dysplastic & one non -dysplastic) and the other 2 groups were oral lichenoid lesions (one dysplastic & one non -dysplastic). Ten cases in each group were collected and investigated by immunohistochemistry. The area percent of beta catenin and also counting of m2 macrophages expressing + CD163 marker was calculated in the study groups. RESULTS The Statistical analysis highlighted a statistically significant difference between the studied groups. Moreover, Pearson correlation test reported a significant moderate positive correlation between beta catenin & CD163 expression in the studied cases. CONCLUSION Our findings supported new perceptions of the mechanism by which tumor associated macrophage specific β-catenin signaling promotes the aggressive behavior of oral potential malignant disorders. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Evidence of the relationship between beta catenin and M2 macrophages (+ CD163) may enhance the development of macrophage-based strategies for treatment and improve the prognosis of such cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ahmed Saleh
- Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- , 11 el Saraya Street, Manyal, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ghada Nabil
- Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan SSF, Chan LP, Nguyen HDH, Su CW, Chen YK, Chen JYF, Shimodaira S, Hu SCS, Lo S, Wang YY. Areca nut-induced metabolic reprogramming and M2 differentiation promote OPMD malignant transformation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:233. [PMID: 39160581 PMCID: PMC11334407 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betel quid and its major ingredient, areca nut, are recognized by IARC as major risk factors in oral cancer development. Areca nut extract (ANE) exposure has been linked to OPMD progression and malignant transformation to OSCC. However, the detailed mechanism through which ANE acts on other cell types in the oral microenvironment to promote oral carcinogenesis remains elusive. METHODS Immunoprofiling of macrophages associated with OPMD and OSCC was carried out by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Phosphokinase and cytokine arrays and western blotting were performed to determine the underlying mechanisms. Transwell assays were used to evaluate the migration-promoting effect of ANE. Hamster model was finally applied to confirm the in vivo effect of ANE. RESULTS We reported that M2 macrophages positively correlated with oral cancer progression. ANE induced M2 macrophage differentiation, CREB phosphorylation and VCAM-1 secretion and increased mitochondrial metabolism. Conditioned medium and VCAM-1 from ANE-treated macrophages promoted migration and mesenchymal phenotypes in oral precancer cells. In vivo studies showed that ANE enhanced M2 polarization and related signaling pathways in the oral buccal tissues of hamsters. CONCLUSION Our study provides novel mechanisms for areca nut-induced oral carcinogenesis, demonstrating that areca nut promotes M2 macrophage differentiation and secretion of oncogenic cytokines that critically activate malignant transformation of oral premalignant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Biodevices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Leong-Perng Chan
- Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hieu D H Nguyen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Su
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Kwan Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shigetaka Shimodaira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Stephen Chu-Sung Hu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Steven Lo
- Canniesburn Regional Plastic Surgery and Burns Unit, Glasgow, G4 0SF, UK
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Yen-Yun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhao S, Xu Y, Huang Y, Liu S, Su P, Wang C, Li Y, Li H, Yang P, Yang C. Single-cell RNA sequencing highlights the immunosuppression of IDO1 + macrophages in the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia. Theranostics 2024; 14:4787-4805. [PMID: 39239507 PMCID: PMC11373622 DOI: 10.7150/thno.99112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (iTME) plays an important role in carcinogenesis, and some macrophage subsets are associated with iTME generation. However, the sub-population characterization of macrophages in oral carcinogenesis remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated the immunosuppressive status with focus on function of a macrophage subset that expressed indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (Macro-IDO1) in oral carcinogenesis. Methods: We built a single cell transcriptome atlas from 3 patients simultaneously containing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), precancerous oral leukoplakia (preca-OLK) and paracancerous tissue (PCA). Through single-cell RNA sequencing and further validation using multicolor immunofluorescence staining and the in vitro/in vivo experiments, the immunosuppressive cell profiles were built and the role of a macrophage subset that expressed indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (Macro-IDO1) in the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia was evaluated. Results: The iTME formed at preca-OLK stage, as evidenced by increased exhausted T cells, Tregs and some special subsets of macrophages and fibroblasts. Macro-IDO1 was predominantly enriched in preca-OLK and OSCC, distributed near exhausted T cells and possessed tumor associated macrophage transformation potentials. Functional analysis revealed the established immunosuppressive role of Macro-IDO1 in preca-OLK and OSCC: enriching the immunosuppression related genes; having an established level of immune checkpoint score; exerting strong immunosuppressive interaction with T cells; positively correlating with the CD8-exhausted. The immunosuppression related gene expression of macrophages also increased in preca-OLK/OSCC compared to PCA. The use of the IDO1 inhibitor reduced 4NQO induced oral carcinogenesis in mice. Mechanistically, IFN-γ-JAK-STAT pathway was associated with IDO1 upregulation in OLK and OSCC. Conclusions: These results highlight that Macro-IDO1-enriched in preca-OLK possesses a strong immunosuppressive role and contributes to oral carcinogenesis, providing a potential target for preventing precancerous legions from transformation into OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Simin Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaopeng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University & Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Caijiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pishan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengzhe Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen KA, DePledge LN, Bian L, Ke Y, Samedi V, Berning AA, Owens P, Wang XJ, Young CD. Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase gamma are critical to tobacco-mimicking oral carcinogenesis in mice. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007110. [PMID: 37734878 PMCID: PMC10514604 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a devastating disease most often associated with tobacco consumption that induces a field of mutations from which a tumor arises. Identification of ways to prevent the emergence of cancer in high-risk patients is an ultimate goal for combatting all types of cancer, including OSCC. METHODS Our study employs a mouse model of tongue carcinogenesis induced by tobacco carcinogen mimetic, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), to establish tongue dysplasia and OSCC. We use conventional histology, immunohistochemistry, multispectral imaging, mass cytometry, novel cell lines, pharmaceutical inhibition of PI3Kγ, T-cell suppression assays and mouse transplant models in our functional experimentation. RESULTS In our study, we identify Ly6G+ granulocytes as the most abundant immune cell type in a model of tongue carcinogenesis induced by tobacco carcinogen mimetic 4NQO. Targeting Ly6G+ granulocytes with a pharmacologic inhibitor of PI3Kγ, an isoform of PI3K exclusively expressed by myeloid cells, resulted in reduced tongue dysplasia severity, and reduced rates of OSCC. Importantly, we performed functional assays with the Ly6G+ granulocytes induced in cell line models of 4NQO carcinogenesis to demonstrate that these granulocytes have increased polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) activity against T-cell proliferation and these PMN-MDSCs play a functional role in promoting tumor formation by inhibiting tumor regression in a PI3Kγ-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data suggest that recruitment of PMN-MDSCs to sites of dysplasia is critical to immune suppression of CD8 T cells, thereby permitting malignancy, and PI3Kγ inhibitors are one mechanism to reduce PMN-MDSC recruitment, immunosuppression and tumorigenesis in OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khoa A Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa N DePledge
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yao Ke
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Von Samedi
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amber A Berning
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christian D Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Caponio VCA, Zhurakivska K, Lo Muzio L, Troiano G, Cirillo N. The Immune Cells in the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3779. [PMID: 37568595 PMCID: PMC10417065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A still unresolved issue surrounding tumor formation concerns the role that the immune system plays in preventing the formation and progression of neoplasia, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Antitumor immunity has historically been seen as a critical barrier for cancer cells to develop, grow and spread, and this can be modulated using immunotherapies to achieve antitumor clinical responses. However, it has recently become clear that tumor-associated immunity, particularly the inflammatory microenvironment, has the paradoxical effect of enhancing tumorigenesis and progression. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted function of infiltrating immune cells in suppressing or promoting premalignancy and cancer. In particular, we report on the evidence supporting a role for T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in the development and progression of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and OSCC. We also draw attention to the clinical relevance of immune cell phenotypes and associated molecules for use as biomarkers and to the translatability of current research findings to improve classification systems and precision medicine in patients with OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (V.C.A.C.); (K.Z.); (L.L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Khrystyna Zhurakivska
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (V.C.A.C.); (K.Z.); (L.L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (V.C.A.C.); (K.Z.); (L.L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (V.C.A.C.); (K.Z.); (L.L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Budi HS, Farhood B. Targeting oral tumor microenvironment for effective therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:101. [PMID: 37221555 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers are among the common head and neck malignancies. Different anticancer therapy modalities such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and also targeted molecular therapy may be prescribed for targeting oral malignancies. Traditionally, it has been assumed that targeting malignant cells alone by anticancer modalities such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy suppresses tumor growth. In the last decade, a large number of experiments have confirmed the pivotal role of other cells and secreted molecules in the tumor microenvironment (TME) on tumor progression. Extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive cells such as tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) play key roles in the progression of tumors like oral cancers and resistance to therapy. On the other hand, infiltrated CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells are key anti-tumor cells that suppress the proliferation of malignant cells. Modulation of extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive cells, and also stimulation of anticancer immunity have been suggested to treat oral malignancies more effectively. Furthermore, the administration of some adjuvants or combination therapy modalities may suppress oral malignancies more effectively. In this review, we discuss various interactions between oral cancer cells and TME. Furthermore, we also review the basic mechanisms within oral TME that may cause resistance to therapy. Potential targets and approaches for overcoming the resistance of oral cancers to various anticancer modalities will also be reviewed. The findings for targeting cells and potential therapeutic targets in clinical studies will also be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Setia Budi
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mei X, Zhou H, Song Z, Yang X, Liu X, Fei J, Shen Y, Wang X. PCSK6 mediates Th1 differentiation and promotes chronic colitis progression and mucosal barrier injury via STAT1. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204739. [PMID: 37211384 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the expression and role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type (PCSK6) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). DSS induced mouse colitis and mucosal barrier injury, down-regulation of TJ proteins, improvement of permeability, and increases of the proportions of Th1 and M1 macrophages. After PCSK6 knockdown, the colitis in KO mice was improved relative to WT mice, the TJ protein levels increased, and the proportions of Th1 and M1 macrophages decreased. STAT1 inhibitor treatment also inhibited chronic colitis in mice. As revealed by in-vitro experiments, PCSK6 overexpression promoted the transformation of Th0 into Th1, while PCSK6 silencing suppressed the transfection. COPI assay results revealed the presence of targeted binding relation between PCSK6 and STAT1. PCSK6 binds to STAT1 to promote STAT1 phosphorylation and regulate Th1 cell differentiation, thus promoting the M1 polarization of macrophages and aggravating colitis progression. PCSK6 is promising as the new target for the treatment of colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Mei
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongkun Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Song
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Fei
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Shen
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang T, Sun S, Zeng X, Li J. ICI-based therapies: A new strategy for oral potentially malignant disorders. Oral Oncol 2023; 140:106388. [PMID: 37054586 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are linked with an escalated risk of developing cancers, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Since prevailing therapies cannot effectively forestall the exacerbation and recurrence of OPMDs, halting their malignant progression is paramount. The immune checkpoint serves as a cardinal regulator of the immune response and the primary cause of adaptive immunological resistance. Although the exact mechanism remains elusive, elevated expression of multiple immune checkpoints in OPMDs and OSCC relative to healthy oral mucosa has been ascertained. This review delves into the immunosuppressive microenvironment of OPMDs, the expression of diverse immune checkpoints such as programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and programmed death receptor-1 ligand (PD-L1) in OPMDs, and the potential application of corresponding inhibitors. In addition, synergistic strategies incorporating combined immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as cGAS-STING, costimulatory molecules, cancer vaccines, and hydrogels, are discussed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the role and application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oral carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Silu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Harris A, Andl T. Precancerous Lesions of the Head and Neck Region and Their Stromal Aberrations: Piecemeal Data. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082192. [PMID: 37190121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) develop through a series of precancerous stages from a pool of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs). Although we understand the genetic changes that lead to HNSCC, our understanding of the role of the stroma in the progression from precancer to cancer is limited. The stroma is the primary battleground between the forces that prevent and promote cancer growth. Targeting the stroma has yielded promising cancer therapies. However, the stroma at the precancerous stage of HNSCCs is poorly defined, and we may miss opportunities for chemopreventive interventions. PMDs already exhibit many features of the HNSCC stroma, such as inflammation, neovascularization, and immune suppression. Still, they do not induce cancer-associated fibroblasts or destroy the basal lamina, the stroma's initial structure. Our review aims to summarize the current understanding of the transition from precancer to cancer stroma and how this knowledge can reveal opportunities and limitations for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic decisions to benefit patients. We will discuss what may be needed to fulfill the promise of the precancerous stroma as a target to prevent progression to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Harris
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yao L, Guo B, Wang J, Wu J. Analysis of transcriptome expression profiling data in oral leukoplakia and early and late‑stage oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:156. [PMID: 36936021 PMCID: PMC10017914 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study screened, potential prognostic biomarkers for oral carcinogenesis. The GSE85195 dataset, which consisted of oral leukoplakia (OL) and early and late-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples, was used. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in early OSCC vs. OL, late OSCC vs. OL and late OSCC vs. early OSCC groups were screened using the limma package in R. The Short Time-series Expression Miner software package was used to cluster DEGs with similar expression patterns in the course of disease progression (from OL to early and then late-stage OSCC). Moreover, the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery online analysis tool was used to perform Gene Ontology functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was also constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to assess the mRNA expression levels of hub node genes in clinical samples, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of the hub genes. A total of 4,595, 6,042 and 2,738 DEGs were screened in the early OSCC vs. OL, late OSCC vs. OL and late OSCC vs. early OSCC groups, respectively. A total of 665 overlapping genes were identified when the screened DEGs were compared. Cluster 1 and cluster 7 were identified as the significant clusters, which contained 496 and 341 DEGs, respectively. A PPI network was constructed with 440 interaction pairs. There were five differentially expressed hub nodes identified in different stages from OL to OSCC. The results of the present study indicated that fibronectin 1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, collagen type II α1 chain, collagen type X α1 chain and collagen type IV α6 chain might serve as independent diagnostic factors for OL and OSCC, and as prognostic biomarkers for OL carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Yao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Lihui Yao, Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison Hospital, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Wu
- School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Palaçon MP, de Oliveira Barbeiro C, Fernandes D, Biancardi MR, Silveira HA, Ferrisse TM, León JE, Kujan O, Bufalino A. Macrophages CD163+ and Factor XIIIa+ Provide a First-Line Defence against Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia Antigens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065242. [PMID: 36982316 PMCID: PMC10049257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the density of the dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages in oral leukoplakia (OL) and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) by immunohistochemical analysis. We analysed paraffined tissue samples of PVL (n = 27), OL (n = 20), and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (n = 20) as the control group using the immunomarkers for DCs (CD1a, CD207, CD83, CD208 and CD123) and macrophages (CD68, CD163, FXIIIa and CD209). A quantitative analysis of positive cells in the epithelial and subepithelial areas was determined. Our results showed a reduction in CD208+ cells in the subepithelial area of the OL and PVL compared to the control. Additionally, we found a higher density of FXIIIa+ and CD163+ cells in the subepithelial area in PVL compared to the OL and control. Four-way MANOVA revealed a relationship between increased CD123+ cell density in the subepithelial area of “high-risk” samples regardless of disease. Macrophages provide the first line of defence against PVL antigens, suggesting a distinct pattern of innate immune system activation in PVL compared to OL, which may contribute to the complexity and the high rate of malignant transformation in the PVL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Paravani Palaçon
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Barbeiro
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Darcy Fernandes
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariel Ruivo Biancardi
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Heitor Albergoni Silveira
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Esquiche León
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (FORP/USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: (O.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Andreia Bufalino
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (O.K.); (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gan CP, Lee BKB, Lau SH, Kallarakkal TG, Zaini ZM, Lye BKW, Zain RB, Sathasivam HP, Yeong JPS, Savelyeva N, Thomas G, Ottensmeier CH, Ariffin H, Cheong SC, Lim KP. Transcriptional analysis highlights three distinct immune profiles of high-risk oral epithelial dysplasia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954567. [PMID: 36119104 PMCID: PMC9479061 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are precursors of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and the presence of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) in OPMD confers an increased risk of malignant transformation. Emerging evidence has indicated a role for the immune system in OPMD disease progression; however, the underlying immune mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we used immune signatures established from cancer to delineate the immune profiles of moderate and severe OED, which are considered high-risk OPMD. We demonstrated that moderate and severe OEDs exhibit high lymphocyte infiltration and upregulation of genes involved in both immune surveillance (major histocompatibility complex-I, T cells, B cells and cytolytic activity) and immune suppression (immune checkpoints, T regulatory cells, and tumor-associated macrophages). Notably, we identified three distinct subtypes of moderate and severe OED: immune cytotoxic, non-cytotoxic and non-immune reactive. Active immune surveillance is present in the immune cytotoxic subtype, whereas the non-cytotoxic subtype lacks CD8 immune cytotoxic response. The non-immune reactive subtype showed upregulation of genes involved in the stromal microenvironment and cell cycle. The lack of T cell infiltration and activation in the non-immune reactive subtype is due to the dysregulation of CTNNB1, PTEN and JAK2. This work suggests that moderate and severe OED that harbor the non-cytotoxic or non-immune reactive subtype are likely to progress to cancer. Overall, we showed that distinct immune responses are present in high-risk OPMD, and revealed targetable pathways that could lead to potential new approaches for non-surgical management of OED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chai Phei Gan
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bernard Kok Bang Lee
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shin Hin Lau
- Cancer Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Thomas George Kallarakkal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zuraiza Mohamad Zaini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bryan Kit Weng Lye
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Malaysian Allied Health Sciences Academy (MAHSA) University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Hans Prakash Sathasivam
- Cancer Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Joe Poh Sheng Yeong
- Integrative Biology for Theranostics, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalia Savelyeva
- Head and Neck Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Thomas
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Head and Neck Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hany Ariffin
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kue Peng Lim
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xue Y, Song X, Fan S, Deng R. The role of tumor-associated macrophages in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Physiol 2022; 13:959747. [PMID: 36105288 PMCID: PMC9464857 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.959747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck cancer with a high recurrence rate and a low 5-year survival rate. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, which play an important role in the progression of many tumors. This article reviews the origin, and the role of TAMs in the invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and immunosuppression of OSCC. Therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs are also discussed in hopes of providing new ideas for the treatment of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyu Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runzhi Deng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Runzhi Deng,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The Relationship between the M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization and the Degree of Ossicular Erosion in Human Acquired Cholesteatoma: An Immunohistochemical Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164826. [PMID: 36013064 PMCID: PMC9410162 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential involvement of the macrophage activation phenotypes (M1 vs. M2) has been linked to disease severity in various chronic inflammatory disorders. Pharmacologic manipulation of the M1/M2 macrophage polarization has shown therapeutic potential. Cholesteatoma is a destructive chronic middle ear disease with potentially life-threatening complications. The distribution of macrophage polarization phenotypes in middle ear cholesteatoma has not been described. In the present study, human cholesteatoma specimens acquired during tympanomastoidectomy were retrospectively retrieved and immunohistochemically characterized using a combination of antibodies labeling M1 macrophages (CD80), M2 macrophages (CD163), and total macrophages (CD68). The correlations between the immunohistochemical findings and clinical presentation were assessed. The findings revealed that cholesteatomas with more extensive ossicular erosion demonstrated a significantly higher number of M1 (CD80+) cells and a higher M1/M2 ratio than less invasive cholesteatomas (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05). The extent of ossicular erosion correlated significantly with the M1/M2 ratio (Spearman correlation coefficient ρ = 0.4, p < 0.05). Thus, the degree of ossicular erosion in human acquired cholesteatoma appears to be related to the M1/M2 macrophage polarization. The investigation of macrophage polarization and functions in various clinical presentations of middle ear cholesteatoma is of great interest since it may contribute to the development of pharmaceutical treatment approaches.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu Y, Webster MJ, Murphy CE, Middleton FA, Massa PT, Liu C, Dai R, Weickert CS. Distinct Phenotypes of Inflammation Associated Macrophages and Microglia in the Prefrontal Cortex Schizophrenia Compared to Controls. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:858989. [PMID: 35844224 PMCID: PMC9279891 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.858989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of people with schizophrenia are classified as having "high inflammation." This subgroup has worse neuropathology than patients with "low inflammation." Thus, one would expect the resident microglia and possibly monocyte-derived macrophages infiltrating from the periphery to be "activated" in those with schizophrenia with elevated neuroinflammation. To test whether microglia and/or macrophages are associated with increased inflammatory signaling in schizophrenia, we measured microglia- and macrophage-associated transcripts in the postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 69 controls and 72 people with schizophrenia. Both groups were stratified by neuroinflammatory status based on cortical mRNA levels of cytokines and SERPINA3. We found microglial mRNAs levels were either unchanged (IBA1 and Hexb, p > 0.20) or decreased (CD11c, <62% p < 0.001) in high inflammation schizophrenia compared to controls. Conversely, macrophage CD163 mRNA levels were increased in patients, substantially so in the high inflammation schizophrenia subgroup compared to low inflammation subgroup (>250%, p < 0.0001). In contrast, high inflammation controls did not have elevated CD163 mRNA compared to low inflammation controls (p > 0.05). The pro-inflammatory macrophage marker (CD64 mRNA) was elevated (>160%, all p < 0.05) and more related to CD163 mRNA in the high inflammation schizophrenia subgroup compared to high inflammation controls, while anti-inflammatory macrophage and cytokine markers (CD206 and IL-10 mRNAs) were either unchanged or decreased in schizophrenia. Finally, macrophage recruitment chemokine CCL2 mRNA was increased in schizophrenia (>200%, p < 0.0001) and CCL2 mRNA levels positively correlated with CD163 mRNA (r = 0.46, p < 0.0001). Collectively, our findings support the co-existence of quiescent microglia and increased pro-inflammatory macrophages in the cortex of people with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Maree J. Webster
- Stanley Medical Research Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Caitlin E. Murphy
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank A. Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Paul T. Massa
- Department of Neurology and Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Rujia Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Cyndi Shannon Weickert
- Department of Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ni Y, Low JT, Silke J, O’Reilly LA. Digesting the Role of JAK-STAT and Cytokine Signaling in Oral and Gastric Cancers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835997. [PMID: 35844493 PMCID: PMC9277720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When small proteins such as cytokines bind to their associated receptors on the plasma membrane, they can activate multiple internal signaling cascades allowing information from one cell to affect another. Frequently the signaling cascade leads to a change in gene expression that can affect cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation and homeostasis. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) are the pivotal mechanisms employed for such communication. When deregulated, the JAK-STAT and the TNF receptor signaling pathways can induce chronic inflammatory phenotypes by promoting more cytokine production. Furthermore, these signaling pathways can promote replication, survival and metastasis of cancer cells. This review will summarize the essentials of the JAK/STAT and TNF signaling pathways and their regulation and the molecular mechanisms that lead to the dysregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. The consequences of dysregulation, as ascertained from founding work in haematopoietic malignancies to more recent research in solid oral-gastrointestinal cancers, will also be discussed. Finally, this review will highlight the development and future of therapeutic applications which modulate the JAK-STAT or the TNF signaling pathways in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun T. Low
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Silke
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorraine A. O’Reilly
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hadjigol S, Shah BA, O’Brien-Simpson NM. The 'Danse Macabre'-Neutrophils the Interactive Partner Affecting Oral Cancer Outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894021. [PMID: 35784290 PMCID: PMC9243430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, tremendous advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer have taken place. However for head and neck cancers, including oral cancer, the overall survival rate is below 50% and they remain the seventh most common malignancy worldwide. These cancers are, commonly, aggressive, genetically complex, and difficult to treat and the delay, which often occurs between early recognition of symptoms and diagnosis, and the start of treatment of these cancers, is associated with poor prognosis. Cancer development and progression occurs in concert with alterations in the surrounding stroma, with the immune system being an essential element in this process. Despite neutrophils having major roles in the pathology of many diseases, they were thought to have little impact on cancer development and progression. Recent studies are now challenging this notion and placing neutrophils as central interactive players with other immune and tumor cells in affecting cancer pathology. This review focuses on how neutrophils and their sub-phenotypes, N1, N2, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, both directly and indirectly affect the anti-tumor and pro-tumor immune responses. Emphasis is placed on what is currently known about the interaction of neutrophils with myeloid innate immune cells (such as dendritic cells and macrophages), innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, and fibroblasts to affect the tumor microenvironment and progression of oral cancer. A better understanding of this dialog will allow for improved therapeutics that concurrently target several components of the tumor microenvironment, increasing the possibility of constructive and positive outcomes for oral cancer patients. For this review, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for manuscripts using keywords and combinations thereof of "oral cancer, OSCC, neutrophils, TANs, MDSC, immune cells, head and neck cancer, and tumor microenvironment" with a focus on publications from 2018 to 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hadjigol
- ACTV Research Group, Division of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Royal Dental Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- ACTV Research Group, Division of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Royal Dental Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Furgiuele S, Descamps G, Cascarano L, Boucq A, Dubois C, Journe F, Saussez S. Dealing with Macrophage Plasticity to Address Therapeutic Challenges in Head and Neck Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126385. [PMID: 35742830 PMCID: PMC9224268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The head and neck tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly infiltrated with macrophages. More specifically, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM/M2-like) are one of the most critical components associated with poor overall survival in head and neck cancers (HNC). Two extreme states of macrophage phenotypes are described as conducting pro-inflammatory/anti-tumoral (M1) or anti-inflammatory/pro-tumoral (M2) activities. Moreover, specific metabolic pathways as well as oxidative stress responses are tightly associated with their phenotypes and functions. Hence, due to their plasticity, targeting M2 macrophages to repolarize in the M1 phenotype would be a promising cancer treatment. In this context, we evaluated macrophage infiltration in 60 HNC patients and demonstrated the high infiltration of CD68+ cells that were mainly related to CD163+ M2 macrophages. We then optimized a polarization protocol from THP1 monocytes, validated by specific gene and protein expression levels. In addition, specific actors of glutamine pathway and oxidative stress were quantified to indicate the use of glutaminolysis by M2 and the production of reactive oxygen species by M1. Finally, we evaluated and confirmed the plasticity of our model using M1 activators to repolarize M2 in M1. Overall, our study provides a complete reversible polarization protocol allowing us to further evaluate various reprogramming effectors targeting glutaminolysis and/or oxidative stress in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Furgiuele
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (S.F.); (G.D.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (F.J.)
| | - Géraldine Descamps
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (S.F.); (G.D.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (F.J.)
| | - Lorena Cascarano
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (S.F.); (G.D.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (F.J.)
| | - Ambre Boucq
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (S.F.); (G.D.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (F.J.)
| | - Christine Dubois
- Cytometry Core Facility, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (S.F.); (G.D.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (F.J.)
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven Saussez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (S.F.); (G.D.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (F.J.)
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-65-37-3584
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rangel R, Pickering CR, Sikora AG, Spiotto MT. Genetic Changes Driving Immunosuppressive Microenvironments in Oral Premalignancy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840923. [PMID: 35154165 PMCID: PMC8829003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) are the precursors to oral cavity cancers, and have variable rates of progression to invasive disease. As an intermediate state, OPLs have acquired a subset of the genomic alterations while arising in an oral inflammatory environment. These specific genomic changes may facilitate the transition to an immune microenvironment that permits malignant transformation. Here, we will discuss mechanisms by which OPLs develop an immunosuppressive microenvironment that facilitates progression to invasive cancer. We will describe how genomic alterations and immune microenvironmental changes co-evolve and cooperate to promote OSCC progression. Finally, we will describe how these immune microenvironmental changes provide specific and unique evolutionary vulnerabilities for targeted therapies. Therefore, understanding the genomic changes that drive immunosuppressive microenvironments may eventually translate into novel biomarker and/or therapeutic approaches to limit the progression of OPLs to potential lethal oral cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rangel
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Curtis R. Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Andrew G. Sikora
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael T. Spiotto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Deshmukh A, Rao KN, Arora RD, Nagarkar NM, Singh A, Shetty OS. Molecular Insights into Oral Malignancy. Indian J Surg Oncol 2021; 13:267-280. [DOI: 10.1007/s13193-021-01431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
21
|
Shigeoka M, Koma YI, Kodama T, Nishio M, Akashi M, Yokozaki H. Tongue Cancer Cell-Derived CCL20 Induced by Interaction With Macrophages Promotes CD163 Expression on Macrophages. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667174. [PMID: 34178651 PMCID: PMC8219974 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD163-positive macrophages contribute to the aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma. We showed in a previous report that CD163-positive macrophages infiltrated not only to the cancer nest but also to its surrounding epithelium, depending on the presence of stromal invasion in tongue carcinogenesis. However, the role of intraepithelial macrophages in tongue carcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the biological behavior of intraepithelial macrophages on their interaction with cancer cells. Materials and Methods We established the indirect coculture system (intraepithelial neoplasia model) and direct coculture system (invasive cancer model) of human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1-derived CD163-positive macrophages with SCC25, a tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell line. Conditioned media (CM) harvested from these systems were analyzed using cytokine array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and extracted a specific upregulated cytokine in CM from the direct coculture system (direct CM). The correlation of both this cytokine and its receptor with various clinicopathological factors were evaluated based on immunohistochemistry using clinical samples from 59 patients with TSCC. Moreover, the effect of this cytokine in direct CM on the phenotypic alterations of THP-1 was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and transwell migration assay. Results It was shown that CCL20 was induced in the direct CM specifically. Interestingly, CCL20 was produced primarily in SCC25. The expression level of CCR6, which is a sole receptor of CCL20, was higher than the expression level of SCC25. Our immunohistochemical investigation showed that CCL20 and CCR6 expression was associated with lymphatic vessel invasion and the number of CD163-positive macrophages. Recombinant human CCL20 induced the CD163 expression and promoted migration of THP-1. We also confirmed that a neutralizing anti-CCL20 antibody blocked the induction of CD163 expression by direct CM in THP-1. Moreover, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was associated with the CCL20-driven induction of CD163 expression in THP-1. Conclusions Tongue cancer cell-derived CCL20 that was induced by interaction with macrophages promotes CD163 expression on macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Centuori SM, Caulin C, Bauman JE. Precision and Immunoprevention Strategies for Tobacco-Related Head and Neck Cancer Chemoprevention. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021; 22:52. [PMID: 33991232 PMCID: PMC8122210 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT To date, there is no FDA-approved chemoprevention approach for tobacco-related HNSCC. Effective chemoprevention approaches validated in sufficiently powered randomized trials are needed to reduce the incidence and improve survival. In this review, we recap the challenges encountered in past chemoprevention trials and discuss emerging approaches, with major focus on green chemoprevention, precision prevention, and immunoprevention. As our current depth of knowledge expands in the arena of cancer immunotherapy, the field of immunoprevention is primed for new discoveries and successes in cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Centuori
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, PO Box 245024, Tucson, AZ 85724-5024 USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Carlos Caulin
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Julie E. Bauman
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, PO Box 245024, Tucson, AZ 85724-5024 USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Güç E, Pollard JW. Redefining macrophage and neutrophil biology in the metastatic cascade. Immunity 2021; 54:885-902. [PMID: 33979586 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells metastasize to distant organs through a complex series of events that are driven by tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In particular, non-malignant stromal cells, including immune cells, modify tumor metastatic behavior. Of these cells, tumor-associated innate immune cells, particularly macrophages and neutrophils, suppress the cytotoxic activity of innate and adaptive killer cells and interact with tumor cells to promote their growth and malignancy. These findings in mouse cancer models suggest that targeting these sub-populations of immune cells holds therapeutic promise in treating metastatic disease. In this review, we describe the origin and role of the macrophages, neutrophils, and their progenitors in the metastatic cascade and suggest strategies that might enhance cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Güç
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bruna F, Scodeller P. Pro-Tumorigenic Macrophage Infiltration in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Possible Macrophage-Aimed Therapeutic Interventions. Front Oncol 2021; 11:675664. [PMID: 34041037 PMCID: PMC8141624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.675664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCC), as in other solid tumors, stromal cells strongly support the spread and growth of the tumor. Macrophages in tumors (tumor-associated macrophages or “TAMs”), can swing between a pro-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic (M1-like TAMs) state or an anti‐inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic (M2-like TAMs) profile depending on the tumor microenvironment cues. Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the importance of macrophages in the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Here, our aim was to review the role of M2-like TAMs in the prognosis of patients with OSCC and provide a state of the art on strategies for depleting or reprogramming M2-like TAMs as a possible therapeutic solution for OSCC. The Clinical studies reviewed showed that higher density of CD163+ M2-like TAMs associated with worse survival and that CD206+ M2-TAMs are involved in OSCC progression through epidermal growth factor (EGF) secretion, underlining the important role of CD206 as a marker of OSCC progression and as a therapeutic target. Here, we provide the reader with the current tools, in preclinical and clinical stage, for depleting M2-like TAMs, re-educating them towards M1-like TAMs, and exploiting TAMs as drug delivery vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Bruna
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Pablo Scodeller
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shigeoka M, Koma YI, Nishio M, Akashi M, Yokozaki H. Alteration of Macrophage Infiltrating Compartment: A Novel View on Oral Carcinogenesis. Pathobiology 2021; 88:327-337. [PMID: 33965948 DOI: 10.1159/000515922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has remained high for decades; therefore, methods for early detection of OSCC are warranted. However, in the oral cavity, various mucosal diseases may be encountered, including reactive lesions and oral potentially malignant disorders, and it is difficult to differentiate OSCC from these lesions based on both clinical and histopathological findings. It is well known that chronic inflammation contributes to oral cancer development. Macrophages are among the most common inflammatory cells in cancer stromal tissue and have various roles in cancer aggressiveness. Although the roles of macrophages in cancer development have attracted attention, only a few studies have linked macrophages to carcinogenesis, particularly, oral precancerous lesions. SUMMARY This review article consists of 3 parts: first, we summarize current knowledge on macrophages in human various epithelial precancerous lesions, excluding the oral cavity, to show the importance and gaps in knowledge regarding macrophages in carcinogenesis; second, we review published data related to the role of macrophages in oral carcinogenesis; finally, we present a novel view on oral carcinogenesis, focusing on crosstalk between epithelial cells and macrophages. Key Messages: The biological features of macrophages in oral carcinogenesis differ drastically depending on the anatomical compartment that they infiltrate. Focusing on the alteration of macrophage infiltrating compartment may serve as a useful novel approach for studying the role of the macrophages in oral carcinogenesis and for gaining further insight into cancer prevention and early detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Effect of smoking status and programmed death-ligand 1 expression on the microenvironment and malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250359. [PMID: 33861793 PMCID: PMC8051817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is associated with an increased risk of oral leukoplakia and head and neck cancer. Although it has recently been reported that the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in oral potentially malignant disorders may lead to malignant transformation, it is unclear whether the microenvironments of oral potentially malignant disorders differ according to smoking status. We examined differences in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and subepithelial CD163+ TAM and CD8+ cell/lymphocyte counts in the microenvironment of oral leukoplakia of smoking and non-smoking patients and investigated their associations with malignant transformation. Pathology reports and original biopsy request forms from 1995–2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Lesions clinically characterized as white plaques/lesions of the oral mucosa and pathologically diagnosed as oral epithelial dysplasia were included. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate PD-L1 expression and subepithelial CD163+/CD8+ cell counts. The significance of prognostic factors in predicting malignant transformation was determined using Cox regression analysis. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. In total, 200 patients with oral leukoplakia were selected. The mean age at diagnosis was higher in non-smoking patients (n = 141; 66.9 years) than in smoking patients (n = 59; 60.5 years). The 5-year cumulative malignant transformation rate was higher in non-smoking patients than in smoking patients (9.3% vs. 3.0%, respectively). Oral leukoplakia was associated with significantly higher PD-L1 expression and increased numbers of subepithelial CD163+ cells in the non-smoking group compared with the smoking group. Non-smoking-related oral leukoplakia with positive PD-L1 expression was associated with a 6.97-fold (95% confidence interval: 2.14–22.7) increased risk of malignant transformation. The microenvironment of oral leukoplakia differed according to smoking status. A combination of smoking status and PD-L1 expression may predict malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia patients. This study highlights the importance of understanding the interaction between smoking and the microenvironment in oral leukoplakia.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yamaguchi H, Hiroi M, Mori K, Ushio R, Matsumoto A, Yamamoto N, Shimada J, Ohmori Y. Simultaneous Expression of Th1- and Treg-Associated Chemokine Genes and CD4 +, CD8 +, and Foxp3 + Cells in the Premalignant Lesions of 4NQO-Induced Mouse Tongue Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1835. [PMID: 33921389 PMCID: PMC8069711 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment influence immune cell infiltration and activation. To elucidate their role in immune cell recruitment during oral cancer development, we generated a mouse tongue cancer model using the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) and investigated the carcinogenetic process and chemokine/cytokine gene expression kinetics in the mouse tongue. C57/BL6 mice were administered 4NQO in drinking water, after which tongues were dissected at 16 and 28 weeks and subjected to analysis using the RT2 Profiler PCR Array, qRT-PCR, and pathologic and immunohistochemical analyses. We found that Th1-associated chemokine/cytokine (Cxcl9, Cxcl10, Ccl5, and Ifng) and Treg-associated chemokine/cytokine (Ccl17, Ccl22, and Il10) mRNA levels were simultaneously increased in premalignant lesions of 4NQO-treated mice at 16 weeks. Additionally, although levels of Gata3, a Th2 marker, were not upregulated, those of Cxcr3, Ccr4, and Foxp3 were upregulated in the tongue tissue. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the infiltration of CD4+, CD8+, and Foxp3+ cells in the tongue tissue of 4NQO-treated mice, as well as significant correlations between Th1- or Treg-associated chemokine/cytokine mRNA expression and T cell infiltration. These results indicate that CD4+, CD8+, and Foxp3+ cells were simultaneously recruited through the expression of Th1- and Treg-associated chemokines in premalignant lesions of 4NQO-induced mouse tongue tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Yamaguchi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.H.); (R.U.); (A.M.)
| | - Miki Hiroi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.H.); (R.U.); (A.M.)
| | - Kazumasa Mori
- First Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Ryosuke Ushio
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.H.); (R.U.); (A.M.)
- First Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Ari Matsumoto
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.H.); (R.U.); (A.M.)
- First Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Nobuharu Yamamoto
- First Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Jun Shimada
- First Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmori
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.H.); (R.U.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saeedifar AM, Mosayebi G, Ghazavi A, Bushehri RH, Ganji A. Macrophage polarization by phytotherapy in the tumor microenvironment. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3632-3648. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohammad Saeedifar
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
| | - Ghasem Mosayebi
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
| | - Ali Ghazavi
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center (TCMRC) Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
| | - Rouhollah Hemmati Bushehri
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
| | - Ali Ganji
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Grigolato R, Bizzoca ME, Calabrese L, Leuci S, Mignogna MD, Lo Muzio L. Leukoplakia and Immunology: New Chemoprevention Landscapes? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186874. [PMID: 32961682 PMCID: PMC7555729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise a range of clinical-pathological alterations frequently characterized by an architectural and cytological derangements upon histological analysis. Among them, oral leukoplakia is the most common type of these disorders. This work aims to analyze the possible use of drugs such as immunochemopreventive agents for OPMDs. Chemoprevention is the use of synthetic or natural compounds for the reversal, suppression, or prevention of a premalignant lesion conversion to malignant form. Experimental and in vivo data offer us the promise of molecular prevention through immunomodulation; however, currently, there is no evidence for the efficacy of these drugs in the chemoprevention action. Alternative ways to deliver drugs, combined use of molecules with complementary antitumor activities, diet influence, and better definition of individual risk factors must also be considered to reduce toxicity, improve compliance to the protocol treatment and offer a better individualized prevention. In addition, we must carefully reconsider the mode of action of many traditional cancer chemoprevention agents on the immune system, such as enhancing immunosurveillance and reversing the immune evasion. Several studies emphasize the concept of green chemoprevention as an alternative approach to accent healthy lifestyle changes in order to decrease the incidence of HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grigolato
- Division of Prevention, San Maurizio Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Maria Eleonora Bizzoca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Luca Calabrese
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, “San Maurizio” Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Stefania Leuci
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Oral Medicine Unit, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Michele Davide Mignogna
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Oral Medicine Unit, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
- C.I.N.B.O. (Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Bio-Oncologia), 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0881-588-090
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Intraepithelial Macrophage Expressing CD163 Is a Histopathological Clue to Evaluate the Malignant Potency of Oral Lichenoid Condition: A Case Report and Immunohistochemical Investigation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090624. [PMID: 32842506 PMCID: PMC7555841 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichenoid conditions (OLC), including oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions and oral lichenoid dysplasia, differ in pathogenesis and biological malignancy. However, distinguishing them based on clinical or histological features is difficult. It is well known that CD163+ macrophages are associated with oral cancer aggressiveness. We recently demonstrated that CD163+ macrophages of noncancerous lesions infiltrate the stroma, not the intraepithelial area. In this report, we describe a case of OLC that was not detected as malignant by the first local biopsy. Furthermore, we evaluated the malignant potency of OLC by retrospectively comparing the histological findings between local biopsy and resected specimens focusing on CD163+ macrophages. A 72-year-old man with a white lesion in the unilateral buccal mucosa was diagnosed with OLP through the biopsy although invasive cancer was detected two years later. Intraepithelial CD163+ macrophages were found not only on the resected specimen but also biopsy. This is the first report to demonstrate that intraepithelial CD163+ macrophages may be noteworthy indicators to identify the malignant potency of OLC.
Collapse
|
31
|
Nasrollahzadeh E, Razi S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Mazzone M, Rezaei N. Pro-tumorigenic functions of macrophages at the primary, invasive and metastatic tumor site. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1673-1697. [PMID: 32500231 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) not only facilitates cancer progression from the early formation to distant metastasis, but also it differs itself from time to time alongside the tumor evolution. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), whether as pre-existing tissue-resident macrophages or recruited monocytes, are an inseparable part of this microenvironment. As their parents are broadly classified into a dichotomic, simplistic M1 and M2 subtypes, TAMs also exert paradoxical and diverse phenotypes as they are settled in different regions of TME and receive different microenvironmental signals. Briefly, M1 macrophages induce an inflammatory precancerous niche and flame the early oncogenic mutations, whereas their M2 counterparts are reprogrammed to release various growth factors and providing an immunosuppressive state in TME as long as abetting hypoxic cancer cells to set up a new vasculature. Further, they mediate stromal micro-invasion and co-migrate with invasive cancer cells to invade the vascular wall and neural sheath, while another subtype of TAMs prepares suitable niches much earlier than metastatic cells arrive at the target tissues. Accordingly, at the neoplastic transformation, during the benign-to-malignant transition and through the metastatic cascade, macrophages are involved in shaping the primary, micro-invasive and pre-metastatic TMEs. Whether their behavioral plasticity is derived from distinct genotypes or is fueled by microenvironmental cues, it could define these cells as remarkably interesting therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Nasrollahzadeh
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, KU Leuven, Louvain, B3000, Belgium
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shigeoka M, Koma YI, Kodama T, Nishio M, Akashi M, Yokozaki H. CD163 + Foamy Macrophages Are Associated with the Morphogenesis of Oral Verruciform Xanthoma through Angiogenesis by VEGF Expression: An Immunohistochemical Study. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:E18. [PMID: 32075061 PMCID: PMC7175176 DOI: 10.3390/dj8010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral verruciform xanthoma (OVX) is an uncommon benign lesion that is characterized histologically by the accumulation of several foamy macrophages in the lamina propria papillae. The pathogenesis of OVX has not been completely elucidated, although the significance of macrophage polarization (M1, tumor suppression; and M2, tumor promotion) and the contribution of M2 macrophages to angiogenesis are well established. This study investigated the role of foamy macrophages in OVX, with a focus on angiogenesis. Four patients who underwent surgical excision or total excisional biopsy for OVXs were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the expression of the macrophage markers CD68 (broad) and CD163 (M2) and the CD34-positive microvessel density (MVD) of OVXs. The foamy macrophages of all patients exhibited positivity to CD68 and CD163. We evaluated the MVD and the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) based on histological architecture. The MVD of all OVX cases was significantly higher than that of the corresponding normal epithelia. Interestingly, the MVD of verrucous-type OVX cases was higher than that of the other type. VEGF was expressed on foamy macrophages in all cases. Overall, the foamy macrophages expressing CD163 were associated with the morphogenesis of OVX through the process of angiogenesis by VEGF expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yu-ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jayasingam SD, Citartan M, Thang TH, Mat Zin AA, Ang KC, Ch'ng ES. Evaluating the Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Into M1 and M2 Phenotypes in Human Cancer Tissue: Technicalities and Challenges in Routine Clinical Practice. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1512. [PMID: 32039007 PMCID: PMC6992653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as immune cells within the tumor microenvironment have gained much interests as basic science regarding their roles in tumor progression unfolds. Better understanding of their polarization into pro-tumoral phenotype to promote tumor growth, tumor angiogenesis, immune evasion, and tumor metastasis has prompted various studies to investigate their clinical significance as a biomarker of predictive and prognostic value across different cancer types. Yet, the methodologies to investigate the polarization phenomena in solid tumor tissue vary. Nonetheless, quantifying the ratio of M1 to M2 TAMs has emerged to be a prevailing parameter to evaluate this polarization phenomena for clinical application. This mini-review focuses on recent studies exploring clinical significance of M1/M2 TAM ratio in human cancer tissue and critically evaluates the technicalities and challenges in quantifying this parameter for routine clinical practice. Immunohistochemistry appears to be the preferred methodology for M1/M2 TAM evaluation as it is readily available in clinical laboratories, albeit with certain limitations. Recommendations are made to standardize the quantification of TAMs for better transition into clinical practice and for better comparison among studies in various populations of patients and cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmilla Devi Jayasingam
- Oncological and Radiological Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Marimuthu Citartan
- Infectious Disease Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Thean Hock Thang
- Infectious Disease Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Anani Aila Mat Zin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Kai Cheen Ang
- Infectious Disease Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Ewe Seng Ch'ng
- Oncological and Radiological Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shigeoka M, Koma YI, Kodama T, Nishio M, Akashi M, Yokozaki H. Intraepithelial CD163 + macrophages in tongue leukoplakia biopsy: A promising tool for cancer screening. Oral Dis 2020; 26:527-536. [PMID: 31886947 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral leukoplakia has mixed and differing histopathological features, and it is thus difficult to reach an accurate histological diagnosis of oral leukoplakia based on a local biopsy alone. We recently demonstrated the significance of CD163+ macrophages in oral carcinogenesis. Herein we sought to determine whether CD163+ macrophages in biopsy specimens of oral leukoplakia help identify the overall histological nature of the lesion. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-six patients with tongue leukoplakia who underwent a histological examination by both a preoperative local biopsy and consecutive total excision were enrolled. We evaluated clinicopathological factors and the expression of CD163+ macrophages based on a retrospective comparison of the histological diagnostic concordance between the biopsies and excisions. RESULTS Seventeen patients (diagnostic-agreement group) were diagnosed with squamous intraepithelial lesion based on both the biopsy and the excision. Nine patients (diagnostic-discrepancy group) were diagnosed with invasive cancer by excision, although invasive cancer was not observed in their biopsy specimens. Compared to the diagnostic-agreement group, the diagnostic-discrepancy group had more tongue leukoplakia with non-homogenous or high numbers of intraepithelial CD163+ macrophages. CONCLUSION The evaluation of intraepithelial CD163+ macrophages in local biopsy specimens from tongue leukoplakia patients is a promising tool for cancer screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sakata J, Yoshida R, Matsuoka Y, Kawahara K, Arita H, Nakashima H, Hirosue A, Naito H, Takeshita H, Kawaguchi S, Gohara S, Nagao Y, Yamana K, Hiraki A, Shinohara M, Ito T, Nakayama H. FOXP3 lymphocyte status may predict the risk of malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
36
|
Shigeoka M, Koma Y, Nishio M, Komori T, Yokozaki H. CD163 + macrophages infiltration correlates with the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin 10 expression in tongue leukoplakia. Clin Exp Dent Res 2019; 5:627-637. [PMID: 31890299 PMCID: PMC6934348 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Accumulating evidence suggests that macrophages are involved in the immunoediting of oral squamous cell carcinoma but the role of macrophages in oral carcinogenesis is unclear. We aimed to clarify the role of macrophages in oral leukoplakia, which is the most common oral potentially malignant disorder from immunotolerance viewpoint. Materials and methods The study included 24 patients who underwent surgical resection for tongue leukoplakia. The relationships between macrophage markers and clinicopathological factors were assessed. Conditioned medium was harvested from the CD163+ human monocytic leukaemia cell line, THP-1. The phenotypic alteration of human oral keratinocytes by the conditioned medium treatment was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, the clinical samples were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Results Tongue leukoplakia tissues with high CD163+ macrophage infiltration were associated with significantly higher degrees of epithelial dysplasia, abnormal Ki-67 expression and cytokeratin13 loss when compared with the tissues with low CD163+ macrophage infiltration. In vitro, CD163+ THP-1 conditioned medium induced immunosuppressive molecules, especially interleukin-10 (IL-10) in human oral keratinocytes. The IL-10 expression levels showed significant positive correlations with not only the numbers of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells but also that of CD163+ macrophages. Conclusions In tongue leukoplakia, CD163+ macrophages infiltration correlates with immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 expression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/immunology
- Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism
- Female
- Glossectomy
- Humans
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Keratinocytes
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Leukoplakia, Oral/immunology
- Leukoplakia, Oral/pathology
- Leukoplakia, Oral/surgery
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/immunology
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- THP-1 Cells
- Tongue/cytology
- Tongue/immunology
- Tongue/pathology
- Tongue/surgery
- Tongue Neoplasms/immunology
- Tongue Neoplasms/pathology
- Tongue Neoplasms/surgery
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of PathologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yu‐ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of PathologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of PathologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Takahide Komori
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery RelatedKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of PathologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li JJ, Mao XH, Tian T, Wang WM, Su T, Jiang CH, Hu CY. Role of PFKFB3 and CD163 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Angiogenesis. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:410-414. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
38
|
Peltanova B, Raudenska M, Masarik M. Effect of tumor microenvironment on pathogenesis of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:63. [PMID: 30927923 PMCID: PMC6441173 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of many different cell populations, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and various infiltrating immune cells, and non-cell components of extracellular matrix. These crucial parts of the surrounding stroma can function as both positive and negative regulators of all hallmarks of cancer development, including evasion of apoptosis, induction of angiogenesis, deregulation of the energy metabolism, resistance to the immune detection and destruction, and activation of invasion and metastasis. This review represents a summary of recent studies focusing on describing these effects of microenvironment on initiation and progression of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, focusing on oral squamous cell carcinoma, since it is becoming clear that an investigation of differences in stromal composition of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment and their impact on cancer development and progression may help better understand the mechanisms behind different responses to therapy and help define possible targets for clinical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Peltanova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595,, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Eisel D, Das K, Dickes E, König R, Osen W, Eichmüller SB. Cognate Interaction With CD4 + T Cells Instructs Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Acquire M1-Like Phenotype. Front Immunol 2019; 10:219. [PMID: 30853959 PMCID: PMC6395406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) established by tumor cells, stromal cells and inhibitory immune cells counteracts the function of tumor reactive T cells. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) showing functional plasticity contribute to this process as so called M2-like macrophages can suppress the function of effector T cells and promote their differentiation into regulatory T cells (Tregs). Furthermore, tumor antigen specific CD4+ T effector cells can essentially sustain anti-tumoral immune responses as shown for various tumor entities, thus suggesting that cognate interaction between tumor antigen-specific CD4+ Th1 cells and TAMs might shift the intra-tumoral M1/M2 ratio toward M1. This study demonstrates repolarization of M2-like PECs upon MHC II-restricted interaction with tumor specific CD4+ Th1 cells in vitro as shown by extensive gene and protein expression analyses. Moreover, adoptive transfer of OVA-specific OT-II cells into C57BL/6 mice bearing OVA expressing IAb−/− tumors resulted in increased accumulation of M1-like TAMs with enhanced M1 associated gene and protein expression profiles. Thus, this paper highlights a so far underestimated function of the CD4+ Th1/TAM axis in re-conditioning the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Eisel
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Biosciences Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany
| | - Krishna Das
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Biosciences Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Virology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke Dickes
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Farah CS, Shearston K, Nguyen AP, Kujan O. Oral Carcinogenesis and Malignant Transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2931-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
41
|
Zhang H, Zeng J, Tan Y, Lu L, Sun C, Liang Y, Zou H, Yang X, Tan Y. Subgroup analysis reveals molecular heterogeneity and provides potential precise treatment for pancreatic cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5811-5819. [PMID: 30254473 PMCID: PMC6140745 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s163139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between molecular heterogeneity and clinical features of pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In this study, pancreatic cancer was divided into different subgroups to explore its specific molecular characteristics and potential therapeutic targets. Patients and methods Expression profiling data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and standardized. Bioinformatics techniques such as unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to explore the optimal molecular subgroups in pancreatic cancer. Clinical pathological features and pathways in each subgroup were also analyzed to find out the potential clinical applications and initial promotive mechanisms of pancreatic cancer. Results Pancreatic cancer was divided into three subgroups based on different gene expression features. Patients included in each subgroup had specific biological features and responded significantly different to chemotherapy. Conclusion Three distinct subgroups of pancreatic cancer were identified, which means that patients in each subgroup might benefit from targeted individual management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Juan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China,
| | | | - Lin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yusi Liang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Huawei Zou
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xianghong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Tan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Reduced CD8 + T cells infiltration can be associated to a malignant transformation in potentially malignant oral epithelial lesions. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1913-1919. [PMID: 30229300 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expressions of PD1, CD4+, and CD8+ in premalignant lesions (OPML) that were transformed into oral squamous cell carcinoma OSCC (OPML-OSCC), in OSCC and also in premalignant lesions that were not transformed into OSCC (OPML-NOSSC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analyses were performed in order to verify the demographic characteristics of the patients. CD4, CD8, and PD1 IMH studies were carried out on OPML and OSCC samples from 11 patients with OPML-OSCC and OPML, together with samples from 14 patients with OPML-NOSCC. The differences between OPML-OSCC and OPML-NOSCC were analyzed. RESULTS Non-homogenous leukoplakia, together with the related oral subsite, and the lack of an exposure to tobacco, were all associated with malignant transformations. There were no statistical differences in the PD1 expression and the CD4+ cells in OPML-OSCC and OPML-NOSCC. A significant increment in the CD8+ cells was noted in the OPML that evolved into carcinomas when compared with OPML-NOSCC (p = 0.05), whereas there were higher CD8+ cells levels in the carcinomas when compared with the OPML that evolved into carcinomas (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS CD8+ cells infiltrate more in OPML-NOSCC than in OPML-OSCC. Carcinoma is more infiltrated by CD8+ cells than its associated OPML. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding immunological factors associated with malignant transformation of oral premalignant lesions can open a new way to treat this disease.
Collapse
|
43
|
Caughron B, Yang Y, Young MRI. Role of IL-23 signaling in the progression of premalignant oral lesions to cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196034. [PMID: 29664967 PMCID: PMC5903614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice bearing carcinogen-induced premalignant oral lesions were previously shown to have a pro-inflammatory phenotype, which is replaced with an immune inhibitory phenotype as lesions progress to cancer. Since Th17 cells are prominent at the premalignant lesion state and their levels are supported by IL-23, studies used mice that were IL-23 receptor deficient (IL-23R KO) to determine the requirement for IL-23 signaling in the immunological and clinical status of mice with premalignant oral lesions. The results showed a dependence on IL-23 signaling for the pro-inflammatory state of mice with oral lesions as levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α were elevated in wildtype mice with premalignant oral lesions, but not in IL-23R KO mice. In contrast, as lesions progressed to cancer, the pro-inflammatory phenotype subsided and was replaced with the inhibitory mediator IL-10 and with Treg cells in wildtype mice, although not in IL-23R KO mice. Clinically, early progression of premalignant oral lesions to cancer was enhanced in IL-23R KO mice compared to progression in wildtype mice. These results show the importance of IL-23 signaling in both the pro-inflammatory phenotype characteristic of premalignant oral lesions and the inhibitory phenotype as lesions progress to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blaine Caughron
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - M. Rita I. Young
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ye X, Zhang J, Lu R, Zhou G. Signal regulatory protein α associated with the progression of oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma regulates phenotype switch of macrophages. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81305-81321. [PMID: 27793032 PMCID: PMC5348394 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) is a cell-surface protein expressed on macrophages that are regarded as an important component of the tumor microenvironment. The expression of SIRPα in oral leukoplakia (OLK) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and further explored the role of SIRPα on the phenotype, phagocytosis ability, migration, and invasion of macrophages in OSCC were investigated. The expression of SIRPα in OLK was higher than in OSCC, correlating with the expression of CD68 and CD163 on macrophages. After cultured with the conditioned media of oral cancer cells, the expression of SIRPα on THP-1 cells was decreased gradually. In co-culture system, macrophages were induced into M2 phenotype by oral cancer cells. Blockade of SIRPα inhibited phagocytosis ability and IL-6, TNF-α productions of macrophages. In addition, the proliferation, migration, and IL-10, TGF-β productions of macrophages were upregulated after blockade of SIRPα. Macrophages upregulated the expression of SIRPα and phagocytosis ability, and inhibited the migration and invasion when the activation of NF-κB was inhibited by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ammonium (PDTC). Hence, SIRPα might play an important role in the progression of OLK and oral cancer, and could be a pivotal therapeutic target in OSCC by regulating the phenotype of macrophages via targeting NF-κB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Ye
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Rui Lu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Su C, Jia S, Liu H. Immunolocalization of CD163+ Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Symmetric Proliferation of Ki-67 as Biomarkers to Differentiate New Different Grades of Laryngeal Dysplasia. Am J Clin Pathol 2017; 149:8-16. [PMID: 29228085 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqx107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), Ki-67, and cyclin D1 to differentiate laryngeal dysplasia in the 2017 World Health Organization classification. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for CD163, Ki-67, and cyclin D1 was performed using paraffin-embedded specimens. CD163+ TAMs infiltrating the epithelium were estimated. Ki-67 and cyclin D1 were evaluated in four parts of the epithelium-basal, parabasal, middle third, and upper third layers. RESULTS In total, 133 specimens were analyzed, including low-grade dysplasia (n = 31), high-grade dysplasia (n = 49), carcinoma in situ (n = 23), and normal mucosa (n = 30). CD163+ TAMs infiltrating the epithelium were significantly higher in high-grade dysplasia than in low-grade dysplasia. In the basal layer, Ki-67+ and cyclin D1+ cells were overexpressed in high-grade dysplasia (P < .0001). The area under the curve was 0.958 for Ki-67 and 0.909 for CD163+ TAMs (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS CD163+ TAMs infiltrating the epithelium and Ki-67 overexpression in the basal layer may serve as biomarkers to differentiate low-grade dysplasia from high-grade dysplasia of the larynx. A symmetric proliferative pattern was observed during laryngeal carcinogenesis following Ki-67 overexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caili Su
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Jia
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Stasikowska-Kanicka O, Wągrowska-Danilewicz M, Danilewicz M. T cells are involved in the induction of macrophage phenotypes in oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma-a preliminary report. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 47:136-143. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marian Danilewicz
- Department of Pathomorphology; Medical University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ai R, Tao Y, Hao Y, Jiang L, Dan H, Ji N, Zeng X, Zhou Y, Chen Q. Microenvironmental regulation of the progression of oral potentially malignant disorders towards malignancy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81617-81635. [PMID: 29113419 PMCID: PMC5655314 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) develop in a complex tissue microenvironment where they grow sustainably, acquiring oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) characteristics. The malignant tumor depends on interactions with the surrounding microenvironment to achieve loco-regional invasion and distant metastases. Unlike abnormal cells, the multiple cell types in the tissue microenvironment are relatively stable at the genomic level and, thus, become therapeutic targets with lower risk of resistance, decreasing the risk of OPMD acquiring cancer characteristics and carcinoma recurrence. However, deciding how to disrupt the OPMD and OSCC microenvironments is itself a daunting challenge, since their microenvironments present opposite capacities, resulting in diverse consequences. Furthermore, recent studies revealed that tumor-associated immune cells also participate in the process of differentiation from OPMD to OSCC, suggesting that reeducating stromal cells may be a new strategy to prevent OPMD from acquiring OSCC characteristics and to treat OSCC. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of the microenvironment of OPMD and OSCC as well as new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Alves AM, Diel LF, Lamers ML. Macrophages and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 47:460-467. [PMID: 28940738 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) presents a tumor microenvironment rich in inflammatory cells. Depending on the stimulus, macrophages can polarize in M1 or M2 profile, where M1 acts as proinflammatory and antitumor, and M2 is anti-inflammatory and shows protumor activity. Several studies have shown that macrophages are important to the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the role of macrophages in the prognosis of OSCC patients. A search in the Pubmed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge database was performed, and it was included only studies that evaluated the importance of macrophages in the prognosis of OSCC patients. From initial 286 articles, 14 fully attended the inclusion criteria. In the majority of the articles, it was evaluated only CD68, a panmacrophage marker, or CD163, a M2 marker. Only one article evaluated the M1 marker, CD11c. Besides, 5 articles analyzed the presence of macrophages in different areas of the tumor. Higher concentrations of CD68 and CD163 were associated with worse survival. In conclusion, macrophages are important to OSCC patients' prognosis; however, it is necessary to address in which tumor region the presence of polarized macrophage is more important to the outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Menna Alves
- School of Dentistry, University Center Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Qiao X, Li L, Li C. Names and phenotypes of CD163 positive macrophages in oral precancerous lesions. Oral Oncol 2017; 71:189. [PMID: 28663029 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Qiao
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Longjiang Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Chunjie Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Petruzzi MNMR, Cherubini K, Salum FG, de Figueiredo MAZ. Role of tumour-associated macrophages in oral squamous cells carcinoma progression: an update on current knowledge. Diagn Pathol 2017; 12:32. [PMID: 28381274 PMCID: PMC5382416 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-017-0623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts over 90% of malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity. This pathological entity is associated to a high mortality rate that has remained unchanged over the past decades. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are believed to have potential involvement in OSCC progression. However, the molecular networks involved in communication between stroma and cancer cells have not yet been fully elucidated. MAIN BODY The role of M2 polarized cells in oral carcinogenesis is supported by a correlation between TAMs accumulation into OSCC stroma and poor clinical outcome. Signalling pathways such as the NF-κB and cytokines released in the tumour microenvironment promote a bidirectional cross-talk between M2 and OSCC cells. These interactions consequently result in an increased proliferation of malignant cells and enhances aggressiveness, thus reducing patients' survival time. CONCLUSIONS Here, we present a comprehensive review of the role of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl in macrophage polarization to an M2 phenotype and OSCC progression. Understanding the molecular basis of oral carcinogenesis and metastatic spread of OSCC would promote the development of targeted treatment contributing to a more favourable prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Noel Marzano Rodrigues Petruzzi
- grid.412519.aPostgraduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil ,grid.411379.9Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 – Ipiranga, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 90610-000 Brazil
| | - Karen Cherubini
- grid.412519.aPostgraduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil ,grid.411379.9Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 – Ipiranga, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 90610-000 Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Salum
- grid.412519.aPostgraduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil ,grid.411379.9Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 – Ipiranga, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 90610-000 Brazil
| | - Maria Antonia Zancanaro de Figueiredo
- grid.412519.aPostgraduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil ,grid.411379.9Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 – Ipiranga, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 90610-000 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|