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Ekwueme MC, Girma AZ, Gobezayehu AG, Young MF, Cranmer JN. Predictors of effective kangaroo mother care, exclusive breastfeeding, and skin-to-skin contact among low birthweight newborns in Amhara, Ethiopia. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04114. [PMID: 39245997 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, 20% of all newborns are born with low birth weight (LBW). There is, therefore, an urgent need to expedite the delivery of high-impact, evidenced-based, and low-cost interventions such as kangaroo mother care (KMC (defined as continuous skin-to-skin care) and exclusive breastfeeding for this vulnerable group. Methods A multinational World Health Organization (WHO)-supported consortium created and tested the impact of locally-specific and globally-informed phases of KMC care on KMC uptake/scale-up across multiple sites. Here we report on the study of KMC predictors that is nested within Amhara's KMC implementation trial in Amhara, Ethiopia. We used multivariate logistic regression phases to identify diverse predictors of KMC, skin-to-skin contact, and exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge and day 28 of life. Results We analysed data from 860 LBW newborns. At day 28, implementation period (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.2-5.0), hospital facility (aOR = 3.0-4.6), and having multiple births (aOR = 0.31) were the strongest predictors of effective KMC. Meanwhile, previous death of a newborn, type of health facility where delivery occurred, and previous LBW delivery were predictors of effective KMC at both time points. No single factor predicted KMC, skin-to-skin contact, and exclusive breastfeeding at all time points and across all implementation periods. Having multiple births was a negative predictor for skin-to-skin contact, while the implementation period and having older fathers (>29 years) were strong positive predictors for exclusive breastfeeding at both discharge and day 28. Mothers with a previous history of neonatal death and current skin-to-skin-care uptake strongly predicted exclusive breastfeeding uptake at both time points. At discharge, however, having a history of preterm birth and neonatal death strongly predicted exclusive breastfeeding uptake, while multiple current births, current very LBW newborns, and the use of standard binders decreased the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions To achieve the effective KMC coverage target of ≥80% in Ethiopia, KMC scale-up phases may have to consider the key predictors of KMC, EBF, and SSC to effectively target beneficiaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Collins Ekwueme
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Abel Zemedkun Girma
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Abebe Gebremariam Gobezayehu
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Emory-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melissa F Young
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John N Cranmer
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Emory-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Li T, He Y, Wang N, Feng C, Zhou P, Qi Y, Wang Z, Lin X, Mao D, Sun Z, Sheng A, Su Y, Shen L, Li F, Cui X, Yuan C, Wang L, Zang J, Zong G. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and birth weight: a prospective cohort study. Nutr J 2024; 23:100. [PMID: 39198813 PMCID: PMC11351029 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-01001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing data on maternal dietary patterns and birth weight remains limited and inconsistent, especially in non-Western populations. We aimed to examine the relationship between maternal dietary patterns and birth weight among a cohort of Chinese. METHODS In this study, 4,184 mother-child pairs were included from the Iodine Status in Pregnancy and Offspring Health Cohort. Maternal diet during pregnancy was evaluated using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire with 69 food items. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Information on birth weight and gestational age was obtained through medical records. Adverse outcomes of birth weight were defined according to standard clinical cutoffs, including low birth weight, macrosomia, small for gestational age, and large for gestational age. RESULTS Three maternal dietary patterns were identified: plant-based, animal-based, and processed food and beverage dietary patterns, which explained 23.7% variance in the diet. In the multivariate-adjusted model, women with higher adherence to the plant-based dietary patten had a significantly higher risk of macrosomia (middle tertile vs. low tertile: odds ratio (OR) 1.45, 95% CI 1.00-2.10; high tertile vs. low tertile: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.03-2.34; P-trend = 0.039). For individual food groups, potato intake showed positive association with macrosomia (high tertile vs. low tertile: OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.20-2.47; P-trend = 0.002). Excluding potatoes from the plant-based dietary pattern attenuated its association with macrosomia risk. No significant associations was observed for the animal-based or processed food and beverage dietary pattern with birth weight outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to a plant-based diet high in carbohydrate intake was associated with higher macrosomia risk among Chinese women. Future studies are required to replicate these findings and explore the potential mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yusa He
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chengwu Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Puchen Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ye Qi
- School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengyuan Wang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dou Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Aili Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yang Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liping Shen
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Fengchang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xueying Cui
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Public Health, Marshall University, West Virginia, USA
- Marshall Global Health Institute, Marshall University, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jiajie Zang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Geng Zong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Oliver BG, Huang X, Yarak R, Bai X, Wang Q, Zakarya R, Reddy KD, Donovan C, Kim RY, Morkaya J, Wang B, Lung Chan Y, Saad S, Faiz A, Reyk DV, Verkhratsky A, Yi C, Chen H. Chronic maternal exposure to low-dose PM 2.5 impacts cognitive outcomes in a sex-dependent manner. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 191:108971. [PMID: 39180775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
There is no safe level of air pollution for human health. Traffic-related particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major in-utero toxin, mechanisms of action of which are not fully understood. BALB/c dams were exposed to an Australian level of traffic PM2.5 (5 µg/mouse/day, intranasal, 6 weeks before mating, during gestation and lactation). Male offspring had reduced memory in adulthood, whereas memory was normal in female littermates, similar to human responses. Maternal PM2.5 exposure resulted in oxidative stress and abnormal mitochondria in male, but not female, brains. RNA-sequencing analysis showed unique sex-related changes in newborn brains. Two X-chromosome-linked histone lysine demethylases, Kdm6a and Kdm5c, demonstrated higher expression in female compared to male littermates, in addition to upregulated genes with known functions to support mitochondrial function, synapse growth and maturation, cognitive function, and neuroprotection. No significant changes in Kdm6a and Kdm5c were found in male littermates, nor other genes, albeit significantly impaired memory function after birth. In primary foetal cortical neurons, PM2.5 exposure suppressed neuron and synaptic numbers and induced oxidative stress, which was prevented by upregulation of Kdm6a or Kdm5c. Therefore, timely epigenetic adaptation by histone demethylation to open DNA for translation before birth may be the key to protecting females against prenatal PM2.5 exposure-induced neurological disorders, which fail to occur in males associated with their poor cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Rochelle Yarak
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qi Wang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Razia Zakarya
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Karosham D Reddy
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - James Morkaya
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Baoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Alen Faiz
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David van Reyk
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hardie I, Murray A, King J, Hall HA, Okelo K, Luedecke E, Marryat L, Thompson L, Minnis H, Lombardo M, Wilson P, Auyeung B. Investigating low birth weight and preterm birth as potential mediators in the relationship between prenatal infections and early child development: a linked administrative health data analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024; 78:585-590. [PMID: 38834230 PMCID: PMC11347972 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-221826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal infections are associated with childhood developmental outcomes such as reduced cognitive abilities, emotional problems and other developmental vulnerabilities. However, there is currently a lack of research examining whether this arises due to potential intermediary variables like low birth weight or preterm birth, or due to some other mechanisms of maternal immune activation arising from prenatal infections. METHODS Administrative data from the National Health Service health board of Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Scotland, were used, linking birth records to hospital records and universal child health review records for 55 534 children born from 2011 to 2015, and their mothers. Causal mediation analysis was conducted to examine the extent to which low birth weight and preterm birth mediate the relationship between hospital-diagnosed prenatal infections and having developmental concern(s) identified by a health visitor during 6-8 weeks or 27-30 months child health reviews. RESULTS Model estimates suggest that 5.18% (95% CI 3.77% to 7.65%) of the positive association observed between hospital-diagnosed prenatal infections and developmental concern(s) was mediated by low birth weight, while 7.37% (95% CI 5.36 to 10.88%) was mediated by preterm birth. CONCLUSION Low birth weight and preterm birth appear to mediate the relationship between prenatal infections and childhood development, but only to a small extent. Maternal immune activation mechanisms unrelated to low birth weight and preterm birth remain the most likely explanation for associations observed between prenatal infections and child developmental outcomes, although other factors (for example, genetic factors) may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Hardie
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aja Murray
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josiah King
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hildigunnar Anna Hall
- Centre for Health Security and Communicable Disease Control, Directorate of Health, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kenneth Okelo
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily Luedecke
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Louise Marryat
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lucy Thompson
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Aberdeen, Inverness, UK
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gotherburg, Sweden
| | - Helen Minnis
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael Lombardo
- Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Philip Wilson
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Aberdeen, Inverness, UK
- Centre for Research and Education in General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Broad J, Robertson RC, Evans C, Perussolo J, Lum G, Piper JD, Loucaides E, Ziruma A, Chasekwa B, Ntozini R, Bourke CD, Prendergast AJ. Maternal inflammatory and microbial drivers of low birthweight in low- and middle-income countries. Paediatr Int Child Health 2024; 44:79-93. [PMID: 39066726 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2024.2380974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birthweight (LBW) is when an infant is born too soon or too small, and it affects one in seven infants in low- and middle-income countries. LBW has a significant impact on short-term morbidity and mortality, and it impairs long-term health and human capital. Antenatal microbial and inflammatory exposure may contribute to LBW. METHODS Ovid-Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched for English-language articles evaluating inflammatory, microbial or infective causes of LBW, small-for-gestational age, intra-uterine growth restriction or prematurity. Inclusion criteria were human studies including published data; conference abstracts and grey literature were excluded. A narrative synthesis of the literature was conducted. RESULTS Local infections may drive the underlying causes of LBW: for example, vaginitis and placental infection are associated with a greater risk of prematurity. Distal infection and inflammatory pathways are also associated with LBW, with an association between periodontitis and preterm delivery and environmental enteric dysfunction and reduced intra-uterine growth. Systemic maternal infections such as malaria and HIV are associated with LBW, even when infants are exposed to HIV but not infected. This latter association may be driven by chronic inflammation, co-infections and socio-economic confounders. Antimicrobial prophylaxis against other bacteria in pregnancy has shown minimal impact in most trials, though positive effects on birthweight have been found in some settings with a high infectious disease burden. CONCLUSION Maternal inflammatory and infective processes underlie LBW, and provide treatable pathways for interventions. However, an improved understanding of the mechanisms and pathways underlying LBW is needed, given the impact of LBW on life-course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Broad
- Maternal and Child Health Research Department, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Paediatrics Department, Croydon University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ruairi C Robertson
- Maternal and Child Health Research Department, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ceri Evans
- Maternal and Child Health Research Department, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jeniffer Perussolo
- Maternal and Child Health Research Department, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gina Lum
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Joe D Piper
- Maternal and Child Health Research Department, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eva Loucaides
- Paediatrics Department, Croydon University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Asaph Ziruma
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bernard Chasekwa
- Maternal and Child Health Research Department, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Robert Ntozini
- Maternal and Child Health Research Department, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Claire D Bourke
- Maternal and Child Health Research Department, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Prendergast
- Maternal and Child Health Research Department, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Guo BQ, Li HB, Zhai DS, Yang LQ. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis by birth weight, gestational age, and size for gestational age: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2035-2049. [PMID: 36066648 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to comprehensively pool the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis by birth weight, gestational age, and size for gestational age. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library were searched up to December 22, 2021. We pooled data using the random-effects model and quantified heterogeneity using the I2 statistic. Of 66 643 records initially identified, 75 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence estimates of ASD diagnosis are as follows: very-low-birth weight, 3.1% (912 ASD/66,445 individuals); low-birth weight, 2.3% (5672 ASD/593,927 individuals); normal-birth weight, 0.5% (17,361 ASD/2,378,933 individuals); high-birth weight, 0.6% (4505 ASD/430,699 individuals); very preterm, 2.8% (2113 ASD/128,513 individuals); preterm, 2.1% (19 672 ASD/1 725 244 individuals); term, 0.6% (113,261 ASD/15,297,259 individuals); postterm, 0.6% (9419 ASD/1,138,215 individuals); small-for-gestational-age, 1.9% (6314 ASD/796,550 individuals); appropriate-for-gestational-age, 0.7% (21,026 ASD/5,936,704 individuals); and large-for-gestational-age, 0.6% (2607 ASD/635,666 individuals). Compared with the reference prevalence (those in normal-birth weight, term, and appropriate-for-gestational-age individuals), the prevalence estimates of ASD diagnosis in very-low-birth weight, low-birth weight, very preterm, preterm, and small-for-gestational-age individuals increased significantly, while those in high-birth weight, postterm, and large-for-gestational-age individuals did not change significantly. There were geographical differences in the prevalence estimates. This meta-analysis provided reliable estimates of the prevalence of ASD diagnosis by birth weight, gestational age, and size for gestational age, and suggested that low-birth weight (especially very-low-birth weight), preterm (especially very preterm), and small-for-gestational-age births, rather than high-birth weight, postterm, and large-for-gestational-age births, were associated with increased risk of ASD diagnosis. However, in view of marked between-study heterogeneity in most conditions, unknown effects of certain important confounders associated with ASD due to limited information in original articles, and included studies from a relatively small number of countries, the findings of this study should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Qiang Guo
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
| | - Hong-Bin Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - De-Sheng Zhai
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Li-Qiang Yang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
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7
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Lansdale AJ, Bountogo M, Sie A, Zakane A, Compaoré G, Ouedraogo T, Lebas E, Lietman T, Oldenburg CE. Associations between Antenatal Care Visit Attendance and Infant Mortality and Growth. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:1270-1275. [PMID: 38626748 PMCID: PMC11154033 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the association between antenatal care (ANC) attendance and infant mortality and growth outcomes. The study used data from the Nouveux-nés et Azithromycine: une Innovation dans le Traitement des Enfants (NAITRE) trial conducted in Burkina Faso. This analysis included 21,795 neonates aged 8 to 27 days who were enrolled in the trial and had ANC data available. Infants were followed until 6 months of age. The analysis adjusted for potential confounders including infant's sex, maternal age, education, urbanicity, geographic region, season (dry versus rainy), pregnancy type (singleton versus multiple), number of previous pregnancies, if the infant was breastfed, and if the facility had an onsite physician to account for level of care. We used logistic and linear regression models to evaluate the association between ANC visits and all-cause infant mortality and infant growth measurements at 6 months. There was no significant association between ANC visits and 6-month mortality. Higher ANC attendance was associated with improved growth outcomes in infants at 6 months of age. After adjusting for potential confounders, each additional ANC visit was associated with a 0.03 kg increase in mean weight, 0.07 cm increase in mean length, 0.04 SD increase in mean mid-upper-arm circumference, 0.04 SD increase in mean height-for-age, 0.04 SD mean weight-for-age, and 0.02 SD mean weight-for-length Z-scores. These mean differences were statistically significant (except for weight-for-length Z-scores) but may not be clinically meaningful. Further research is warranted to explore the relationship between ANC attendance and longer-term health outcomes among infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee J. Lansdale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ali Sie
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Elodie Lebas
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas Lietman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Catherine E. Oldenburg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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8
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Moolla A, Mdewa W, Erzse A, Hofman K, Thsehla E, Goldstein S, Kohli-Lynch C. A cost-effectiveness analysis of a South African pregnancy support grant. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002781. [PMID: 38329926 PMCID: PMC10852248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Poverty among expectant mothers often results in sub-optimal maternal nutrition and inadequate antenatal care, with negative consequences on child health outcomes. South Africa has a child support grant that is available from birth to those in need. This study aims to determine whether a pregnancy support grant, administered through the extension of the child support grant, would be cost-effective compared to the existing child support grant alone. A cost-utility analysis was performed using a decision-tree model to predict the incremental costs (ZAR) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted by the pregnancy support grant over a 2-year time horizon. An ingredients-based approach to costing was completed from a governmental perspective. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. The intervention resulted in a cost saving of R13.8 billion ($930 million, 95% CI: ZAR3.91 billion - ZAR23.2 billion/ $1.57 billion - $264 million) and averted 59,000 DALYs (95% CI: -6,400-110,000), indicating that the intervention is highly cost-effective. The primary cost driver was low birthweight requiring neonatal intensive care, with a disaggregated incremental cost of R31,800 ($2,149) per pregnancy. Mortality contributed most significantly to the DALYs accrued in the comparator (0.68 DALYs). The intervention remained the dominant strategy in the sensitivity analyses. The pregnancy support grant is a highly cost-effective solution for supporting expecting mothers and ensuring healthy pregnancies. With its positive impact on child health outcomes, there is a clear imperative for government to implement this grant. By investing in this program, cost savings could be leveraged. The implementation of this grant should be given high priority in public health and social policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Moolla
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science ‐ PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Winfrida Mdewa
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science ‐ PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Agnes Erzse
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science ‐ PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karen Hofman
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science ‐ PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Evelyn Thsehla
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science ‐ PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan Goldstein
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science ‐ PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ciaran Kohli-Lynch
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science ‐ PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Poudel K, Kobayashi S, Iwata H, Tojo M, Yamaguchi T, Yamazaki K, Tamura N, Itoh M, Obara T, Kuriyama S, Kishi R. Hokkaido birth cohort study in Japan on the growth trajectory of children born with low birth weight until 7 years of age. Early Hum Dev 2024; 189:105925. [PMID: 38199046 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant global health concern with potential health risks and developmental implications for infants. Catch-up growth, an accelerated growth following an inhibition period, may partially compensate for growth deficits in LBW children. AIMS This study investigated the prevalence of LBW and catch-up growth in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) among LBW children in Japan, identified factors associated with LBW, and explored the potential for catch-up growth at different ages up to seven years. STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS The Hokkaido birth cohort study included 20,926 pregnant Japanese women recruited during their first trimester from 37 hospitals and clinics. Follow-up assessments were conducted in children up to seven years of age, tracking LBW children's growth and development using the Maternal and Child Health Handbook, and providing valuable insights into catch-up growth patterns. OUTCOME MEASURES LBW was defined as a neonatal birth weight of <2500 g. The primary outcomes were catch-up growth in height, weight, and BMI at different ages. Z-scores were calculated to assess growth parameters with catch-up growth, defined as a change in z-score (> 0.67) between two time points. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A LBW was prevalent in 7.6 % of the cohort, which was lower than that reported in other Japanese studies. Among LBW children, 19.3 % achieved catch-up growth in height by age seven, and 10.6 % in weight. Catch-up growth in LBW children could partially offset these deficits. Further research will help understand the long-term outcomes and inform interventions for healthy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Poudel
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Division of Epidemiological Research for Chemical Disorders, Research Center for Chemical Information and Management, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Iwata
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Maki Tojo
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamaguchi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North-14, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0648, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamazaki
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Naomi Tamura
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mariko Itoh
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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10
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Kim HY, Cho GJ, Ahn KH, Hong SC, Oh MJ, Kim HJ. Short-term neonatal and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of children born term low birth weight. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2274. [PMID: 38280915 PMCID: PMC10821875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the impact of term LBW on short-term neonatal and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in children 5-7 years of age. This is a population-based cohort study that merged national data from the Korea National Health Insurance claims and National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children. The participants were women who gave birth at a gestational age of ≥ 37 weeks between 2013 and 2015 in the Republic of Korea, and were tracked during 2020 for the neurodevelopmental surveillance of their children. Among 830,806 women who gave birth during the study period, 31,700 (3.8%) of their babies weighed less than 2500 g. By Cox proportional hazard analysis, children aged 5-7 years who had LBW were associated with any developmental, motor developmental delay, cognitive developmental delay, autism spectrum, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, and epileptic and febrile seizures.Children born with term LBW were more vulnerable to neurodevelopmental disorders at 5-7 years of age than those with normal and large birth weights. This study further substantiates counseling parents regarding the long-term outcomes of children being born underweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yeon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hoon Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Cheol Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
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11
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Bluett-Duncan M, Pickles A, Chandra PS, Hill J, Kishore MT, Satyanarayana V, Sharp H. Experience and Reporting of Postnatal Depression Across Cultures: A Comparison Using Anchoring Vignettes of Mothers in the United Kingdom and India. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:214-226. [PMID: 37667811 PMCID: PMC10773478 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postnatal mental health is often assessed using self-assessment questionnaires in epidemiologic research. Differences in response style, influenced by language, culture, and experience, may mean that the same response may not have the same meaning in different settings. These differences need to be identified and accounted for in cross-cultural comparisons. Here we describe the development and application of anchoring vignettes to investigate the cross-cultural functioning of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in urban community samples in India (n = 549) and the United Kingdom (n = 828), alongside a UK calibration sample (n = 226). Participants completed the EPDS and anchoring vignettes when their children were 12-24 months old. In an unadjusted item-response theory model, UK mothers reported higher depressive symptoms than Indian mothers (d = 0.48, 95% confidence interval: 0.358, 0.599). Following adjustment for differences in response style, these positions were reversed (d = -0.25, 95% confidence interval: -0.391, -0.103). Response styles vary between India and the United Kingdom, indicating a need to take these differences into account when making cross-cultural comparisons. Anchoring vignettes offer a valid and feasible method for global data harmonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bluett-Duncan
- Correspondence to Dr. Matthew Bluett-Duncan, Division of Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom (e-mail: )
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12
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Dadi AF, He V, Nutton G, Su JY, Guthridge S. Predicting child development and school readiness, at age 5, for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in Australia's Northern Territory. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296051. [PMID: 38117820 PMCID: PMC10732444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive early development is critical in shaping children's lifelong health and wellbeing. Identifying children at risk of poor development is important in targeting early interventions to children and families most in need of support. We aimed to develop a predictive model that could inform early support for vulnerable children. METHODS We analysed linked administrative records for a birth cohort of 2,380 Northern Territory children (including 1,222 Aboriginal children) who were in their first year of school in 2015 and had a completed record from the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC). The AEDC measures early child development (school readiness) across five domains of development. We fitted prediction models, for AEDC weighted summary scores, using a Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) considering four groups of factors-pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, known at birth, and child-related factors. We first assessed the models' internal validity and then the out-of-sample predictive power (external validity) using the PLSpredict procedure. RESULT We identified separate predictive models, with a good fit, for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. For Aboriginal children, a significant pre-pregnancy predictor of better outcomes was higher socioeconomic status (direct, β = 0.22 and indirect, β = 0.16). Pregnancy factors (gestational diabetes and maternal smoking (indirect, β = -0.09) and child-related factors (English as a second language and not attending preschool (direct, β = -0.28) predicted poorer outcomes. Further, pregnancy and child-related factors partially mediated the effects of pre-pregnancy factors; and child-related factors fully mediated the effects of pregnancy factors on AEDC weighted scores. For non-Aboriginal children, pre-pregnancy factors (increasing maternal age, socioeconomic status, parity, and occupation of the primary carer) directly predicted better outcomes (β = 0.29). A technical observation was that variance in AEDC weighted scores was not equally captured across all five AEDC domains; for Aboriginal children results were based on only three domains (emotional maturity; social competence, and language and cognitive skills (school-based)) and for non-Aboriginal children, on a single domain (language and cognitive skills (school-based)). CONCLUSION The models give insight into the interplay of multiple factors at different stages of a child's development and inform service and policy responses. Recruiting children and their families for early support programs should consider both the direct effects of the predictors and their interactions. The content and application of the AEDC measurement need to be strengthened to ensure all domains of a child's development are captured equally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Fekadu Dadi
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Vincent He
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Georgina Nutton
- College of Indigenous Futures, Education and the Arts, Charles Darwin University, Darwin Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jiunn-Yih Su
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Steven Guthridge
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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13
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O'Sharkey K, Xu Y, Cabison J, Rosales M, Yang T, Chavez T, Johnson M, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Corral CMT, Farzan SF, Bastain TM, Breton CV, Habre R. Effects of in-utero personal exposure to PM 2.5 sources and components on birthweight. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21987. [PMID: 38081912 PMCID: PMC10713978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In-utero exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and specific sources and components of PM2.5 have been linked with lower birthweight. However, previous results have been mixed, likely due to heterogeneity in sources impacting PM2.5 and due to measurement error from using ambient data. Therefore, we investigated the effect of PM2.5 sources and their high-loading components on birthweight using data from 198 women in the 3rd trimester from the MADRES cohort 48-h personal PM2.5 exposure monitoring sub-study. The mass contributions of six major sources of personal PM2.5 exposure were estimated for 198 pregnant women in the 3rd trimester using the EPA Positive Matrix Factorization v5.0 model, along with their 17 high-loading chemical components using optical carbon and X-ray fluorescence approaches. Single- and multi-pollutant linear regressions evaluated the association between personal PM2.5 sources/components and birthweight, adjusting for gestational age, maternal age, race, infant sex, parity, diabetes status, temperature, maternal education, and smoking history. Participants were predominately Hispanic (81%), with a mean (SD) gestational age of 39.1 (1.5) weeks and age of 28.2 (6.0) years. Mean birthweight was 3295.8 g (484.1) and mean PM2.5 exposure was 21.3 (14.4) µg/m3. A 1 SD increase in the mass contribution of the fresh sea salt source was associated with a 99.2 g decrease in birthweight (95% CI - 197.7, - 0.6), and aged sea salt was associated with a 70.1 g decrease in birthweight (95% CI - 141.7, 1.4). Magnesium, sodium, and chlorine were associated with lower birthweight, which remained after adjusting for PM2.5 mass. This study found evidence that major sources of personal PM2.5 including fresh and aged sea salt were negatively associated with birthweight, with the strongest effect on birthweight from Na and Mg. The effect of crustal and fuel oil sources differed by infant sex with negative associations seen in boys compared to positive associations in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl O'Sharkey
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Yan Xu
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane Cabison
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Marisela Rosales
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | | | | | - Claudia M Toledo Corral
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Jamaluddine Z, Sharara E, Helou V, El Rashidi N, Safadi G, El-Helou N, Ghattas H, Sato M, Blencowe H, Campbell OMR. Effects of size at birth on health, growth and developmental outcomes in children up to age 18: an umbrella review. Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:956-969. [PMID: 37339859 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Size at birth, an indicator of intrauterine growth, has been studied extensively in relation to subsequent health, growth and developmental outcomes. Our umbrella review synthesises evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the effects of size at birth on subsequent health, growth and development in children and adolescents up to age 18, and identifies gaps. METHODS We searched five databases from inception to mid-July 2021 to identify eligible systematic reviews and meta-analyses. For each meta-analysis, we extracted data on the exposures and outcomes measured and the strength of the association. FINDINGS We screened 16 641 articles and identified 302 systematic reviews. The literature operationalised size at birth (birth weight and/or gestation) in 12 ways. There were 1041 meta-analyses of associations between size at birth and 67 outcomes. Thirteen outcomes had no meta-analysis.Small size at birth was examined for 50 outcomes and was associated with over half of these (32 of 50); continuous/post-term/large size at birth was examined for 35 outcomes and was consistently associated with 11 of the 35 outcomes. Seventy-three meta-analyses (in 11 reviews) compared risks by size for gestational age (GA), stratified by preterm and term. Prematurity mechanisms were the key aetiologies linked to mortality and cognitive development, while intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), manifesting as small for GA, was primarily linked to underweight and stunting. INTERPRETATION Future reviews should use methodologically sound comparators to further understand aetiological mechanisms linking IUGR and prematurity to subsequent outcomes. Future research should focus on understudied exposures (large size at birth and size at birth stratified by gestation), gaps in outcomes (specifically those without reviews or meta-analysis and stratified by age group of children) and neglected populations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021268843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Jamaluddine
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Eman Sharara
- Center for Research On Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Vanessa Helou
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine El Rashidi
- Center for Research On Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gloria Safadi
- Center for Research On Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nehmat El-Helou
- Center for Research On Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Ghattas
- Center for Research On Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Miho Sato
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hannah Blencowe
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Oona M R Campbell
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Eshetu B, Bekele H, Debella A, Eyeberu A, Balis B, Habte S, Mardasa K, Wondimneh F, Teshager T, Ketema I. Insecticide-treated net utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 4:1147583. [PMID: 38025984 PMCID: PMC10657856 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1147583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is a major public health problem in many developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The pregnant woman, fetus, and newborn infant are all at risk from malaria during pregnancy. Hence, insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) use is the most effective and advisable method for preventing malaria during pregnancy. Studies on the prevalence of ITN utilization among pregnant women in Ethiopia are inconsistently reported and highly varied. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of ITN utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods A comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Google, and Google Scholar was performed to find studies conducted in Ethiopia. All original observational studies that reported the prevalence of ITN utilization were identified and screened. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. Data were extracted in Microsoft Excel 2010 format and analyzed using STATA Version 14. A random-effect meta-analysis model was utilized to estimate the pooled prevalence of ITN utilization. The statistical heterogeneity was checked using the I2 test and subgroup analysis. The publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's regression test. The size of the pooled effect of the factors influencing the use of ITNs was estimated using an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Twenty-nine cross-sectional studies with 13,957 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of ITN utilization among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 51% (95% CI: 43-60). A statistically significant heterogeneity was observed across studies (I2 = 99.09%; P < 0.001). Being literate [OR = 2.93 (95% CI: 2.14-4.01)], rural residence [OR = 1.76 (95% CI: 1.37-2.26)], and having knowledge of ITN [OR = 4.13 (95% CI: 1.57-10.81)] were factors significantly associated with ITN utilization among pregnant women. Conclusion The utilization of ITNs among pregnant women was substantially lower than the national target, alarmingly highlighting the need for urgent and effective interventions. Maternal education status, place of residence, and knowledge of ITNs were independent predictors of ITN utilization. Health policymakers and programmers should design and implement the most effective strategies to scale up the utilization of ITNs by pregnant women and reduce malaria-related morbidity during pregnancy. Systematic Review Registration CRD42022304432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bajrond Eshetu
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Bekele
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Debella
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Eyeberu
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Balis
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Habte
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Fenta Wondimneh
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Teshager
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Indeshaw Ketema
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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16
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Womack SR, Beam CR, Giangrande EJ, Scharf RJ, Tong X, Ponnapalli M, Davis DW, Turkheimer E. Nonlinear Catch-Up Growth in Height, Weight, and Head Circumference from Birth to Adolescence: A Longitudinal Twin Study. Behav Genet 2023; 53:385-403. [PMID: 37634182 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Owing to high rates of prenatal complications, twins are, on average, substantially smaller than population norms on physical measurements including height, weight, and head circumference at birth. By early childhood, twins are physically average. This study is the first to explore the process of catch-up growth by fitting asymptotic growth models to age-standardized height, weight, and head circumference measurements in a community sample of twins (n = 1281, 52.3% female) followed at up to 17 time points from birth to 15 years. Catch-up growth was rapid over the first year and plateaued around the population mean by early childhood. Shared environmental factors accounted for the majority of individual differences in initial physical size (57.7-65.5%), whereas additive genetic factors accounted for the majority of individual differences in the upper asymptotes of height, weight, and head circumference (73.4-92.6%). Both additive genetic and shared environmental factors were associated with variance in how quickly twins caught up. Gestational age and family SES emerged as important environmental correlates of physical catch-up growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Womack
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall, 485 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
| | - Christopher R Beam
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Evan J Giangrande
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall, 485 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Rebecca J Scharf
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall, 485 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Medha Ponnapalli
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall, 485 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Deborah W Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Norton Children's Research Institute Affiliated with the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric Turkheimer
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall, 485 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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17
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Zheng W, Zhang KX, Yuan XX, Luo JY, Wang J, Song W, Liang SN, Wang XX, Guo CM, Li GH. Maternal weight, blood lipids, and the offspring weight trajectories during infancy and early childhood in twin pregnancies. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:961-971. [PMID: 36877432 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intrauterine environment has a profound and long-lasting influence on the health of the offspring. However, its impact on the postnatal catch-up growth of twin children remains unclarified. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the maternal factors in pregnancy associated with twin offspring growth. METHODS This study included 3142 live twin children born to 1571 mothers from the Beijing Birth Cohort Study conducted from 2016 to 2021 in Beijing, China. Original and corrected weight-for-age standard deviation scores of the twin offspring from birth to 36 months of age were calculated according to the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards. The corresponding weight trajectories were identified by the latent trajectory model. Maternal factors in pregnancy associated with the weight trajectories of the twin offspring were examined after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS Five weight trajectories of the twin children were identified, with 4.9% (154/3142) exhibiting insufficient catch-up growth, 30.6% (961/3142), and 46.8% (1469/3142) showing adequate catch-up growth from different birth weights, and 15.0% (472/3142) and 2.7% (86/3142) showing various degrees of excessive catch-up growth. Maternal short stature [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.691, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.563-0.848, P = 0.0004] and lower total gestational weight gain (GWG) (adjusted OR = 0.774, 95% CI = 0.616-0.972, P = 0.03) were associated with insufficient catch-up growth of the offspring. Maternal stature (adjusted OR = 1.331, 95% CI = 1.168-1.518, P < 0.001), higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (adjusted OR = 1.230, 95% CI = 1.090-1.387, P < 0.001), total GWG (adjusted OR = 1.207, 95% CI = 1.068-1.364, P = 0.002), GWG rate (adjusted OR = 1.165, 95% CI = 1.027-1.321, P = 0.02), total cholesterol (TC) (adjusted OR = 1.150, 95% CI = 1.018-1.300, P = 0.03) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (adjusted OR = 1.177, 95% CI = 1.041-1.330) in early pregnancy were associated with excessive growth of the offspring. The pattern of weight trajectories was similar between monochorionic and dichorionic twins. Maternal height, pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, TC and LDL-C in early pregnancy were positively associated with excess growth in dichorionic twins, yet a similar association was observed only between maternal height and postnatal growth in monochorionic twins. CONCLUSION This study identified the effect of maternal stature, weight status, and blood lipid profiles during pregnancy on postnatal weight trajectories of the twin offspring, thereby providing a basis for twin pregnancy management to improve the long-term health of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Ke-Xin Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Xian-Xian Yuan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Jin-Ying Luo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Wei Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Liang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Cui-Mei Guo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Guang-Hui Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China.
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China.
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Zhang D, Nagpal TS, Silva-José C, Sánchez-Polán M, Gil-Ares J, Barakat R. Influence of Physical Activity during Pregnancy on Birth Weight: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5421. [PMID: 37629463 PMCID: PMC10455907 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Birth weight is a marker that is often referred to determine newborn health, potential growth trajectories and risk of future disease. Accordingly, interventions to promote appropriate and healthy birth weight have been extensively studied and implemented in pregnancy. In particular, physical activity in pregnancy is recommended to promote appropriate fetal development and newborn birth weight. This systematic review and meta-analyses aimed to summarize the effect of physical activity during pregnancy specifically from randomized controlled trials on the following outcomes: birth weight, macrosomia, low birth weight, being large for the gestational age, and being small for the gestational age (Registration No.: CRD42022370729). 63 studies (16,524 pregnant women) were included. There was a significant negative relationship between physical activity during pregnancy and macrosomia (z = 2.16; p = 0.03; RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63, 0.98, I2 = 29%, Pheterogeneity = 0.09). No other significant relationships were found. Promoting physical activity during pregnancy may be an opportune time to reduce the risk of future chronic disease, such as obesity, through the prevention of macrosomia and the promotion of appropriate birth weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfeng Zhang
- AFIPE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.Z.); (C.S.-J.); (M.S.-P.); (R.B.)
| | - Taniya S. Nagpal
- Faculty of Kinesiology Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Cristina Silva-José
- AFIPE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.Z.); (C.S.-J.); (M.S.-P.); (R.B.)
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Polán
- AFIPE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.Z.); (C.S.-J.); (M.S.-P.); (R.B.)
| | - Javier Gil-Ares
- AFIPE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.Z.); (C.S.-J.); (M.S.-P.); (R.B.)
| | - Rubén Barakat
- AFIPE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.Z.); (C.S.-J.); (M.S.-P.); (R.B.)
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19
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Karner E, Muin DA, Klebermass-Schrehof K, Waldhoer T, Yang L. Altitude Modifies the Effect of Parity on Birth Weight/Length Ratio: A Study Comprising 2,057,702 Newborns between 1984 and 2020 in Austria. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1718. [PMID: 37629575 PMCID: PMC10455113 DOI: 10.3390/life13081718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Lower birth weight among newborns in higher altitudes has been well documented in previous literature. Several possible causes for this phenomenon have been investigated, including biophysiological adaptation, epigenetic or genetic mechanisms or lifestyle changes. This is the first study to show the effect modification of altitude and parity on the birth weight length ratio (BWLR) in women resident in moderate altitudes compared to a low sea level.; (2) Methods: This population-based study obtained data on altitude (0-300, 300-500, 500-700,700-900, >900 m), parity (1, 2, …, 7, 8/9), birth weight and length on all births in Austria between 1984 and 2020 from birth certificates provided by Statistics Austria. The BWLR was calculated, and the effect of moderate altitude and parity was estimated using multivariable linear mixed models adjusting for predefined variables. Sub-group regression analyses were conducted by altitude group. (3) Results: Data on 2,057,702 newborns from 1,280,272 mothers were analyzed. The effect of parity on BWLR, as indicated by the difference of BWLR between the first- and second-born infants, ranged between 1.87 to 2.09 g per centimeter across all altitude groups. Our analyses found that the effect of parity on BWLR diminished from parity three onwards at altitude 0-300, whilst the effect of parity on BWLR continued to increase at higher than 300 m and was most notable in the highest altitude group >900 m. (4) Conclusions: Findings from our study indicated that the negative effect of increasing altitude on BWLR was deprived for newborns of higher parity. It shows that the residential altitude can modify the effect of parity on BWLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Karner
- Division of Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Dana A. Muin
- Division of Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Katrin Klebermass-Schrehof
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Thomas Waldhoer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada;
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada
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20
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Davis KM, Jones KA, Yee LM, Feinglass J. Modeling the Likelihood of Low Birth Weight: Findings from a Chicago-Area Health System. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:1768-1775. [PMID: 35799041 PMCID: PMC9823150 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study presents a statistical model of the incidence of low birth weight (LBW) births in a large, Chicago-area hospital system. The study was undertaken to provide a strategic framework for future health system interventions. METHODS Administrative and electronic health records were matched to census Zip Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) household poverty data for 42,681 births in 2016-2019 at seven system hospitals, serving a diverse patient population. A logistic regression model of LBW incidence was estimated to test the independent significance of maternal sociodemographic characteristics after controlling for clinical risk factors. RESULTS The incidence of LBW was 6.3% overall but 11.3% among non-Hispanic Black patients as compared to 5.1% among non-Hispanic White patients. LBW incidence ranged from 9.2% for patients from the poorest ZCTA (20% + poor households) compared to 5.6% of patients from the most affluent (< 5% poor) ZCTA. Nulliparous patients, patients with pre-existing chronic conditions, and patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were significantly more likely to have LBW births. After controlling for clinical risk factors and poverty level, non-Hispanic Black patients were still over 80% more likely and to have a LBW birth. DISCUSSION Study findings reveal the joint effects of social and clinical risk factors. Findings profile our highest-risk populations for targeted interventions. Promising prenatal care redesign programs include pregnancy patient navigators, home and group visits, eHealth telemonitoring, improved mental health screening, and diversification of the maternity care workforce. Decreasing LBW births should be a national public health policy priority and will require major investments in the most impacted communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka'Derricka M Davis
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N. Saint Clair 18th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Kiana A Jones
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N. Saint Clair 18th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lynn M Yee
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N. Saint Clair 18th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joe Feinglass
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Christians JK, Ahmadzadeh-Seddeighi S, Bilal A, Bogdanovic A, Ho R, Leung EV, MacGregor MA, Nadasdy NM, Principe GM. Sex differences in the effects of prematurity and/or low birthweight on neurodevelopmental outcomes: systematic review and meta-analyses. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:47. [PMID: 37434174 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature birth and/or low birthweight have long-lasting effects on cognition. The purpose of the present systematic review is to examine whether the effects of prematurity and/or low birth weight on neurodevelopmental outcomes differ between males and females. METHODS Web of Science, Scopus, and Ovid MEDLINE were searched for studies of humans born premature and/or of low birthweight, where neurodevelopmental phenotypes were measured at 1 year of age or older. Studies must have reported outcomes in such a way that it was possible to assess whether effects were greater in one sex than the other. Risk of bias was assessed using both the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the National Institutes of Health Quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. RESULTS Seventy-five studies were included for descriptive synthesis, although only 24 presented data in a way that could be extracted for meta-analyses. Meta-analyses found that severe and moderate prematurity/low birthweight impaired cognitive function, and severe prematurity/low birthweight also increased internalizing problem scores. Moderate, but not severe, prematurity/low birthweight significantly increased externalizing problem scores. In no case did effects of prematurity/low birthweight differ between males and females. Heterogeneity among studies was generally high and significant, although age at assessment was not a significant moderator of effect. Descriptive synthesis did not identify an obvious excess or deficiency of male-biased or female-biased effects for any trait category. Individual study quality was generally good, and we found no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that the sexes differ in their susceptibility to the effects of severe or moderate prematurity/low birthweight on cognitive function, internalizing traits or externalizing traits. Result heterogeneity tended to be high, but this reflects that one sex is not consistently more affected than the other. Frequently stated generalizations that one sex is more susceptible to prenatal adversity should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian K Christians
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | - Alishba Bilal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Anastasia Bogdanovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Rebecca Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Estee V Leung
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Megan A MacGregor
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Nolan M Nadasdy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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22
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O'Sharkey K, Xu Y, Cabison J, Rosales M, Yang T, Chavez T, Johnson M, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Toledo Corral CM, Farzan SF, Bastain TM, Breton CV, Habre R. Effects of In-Utero Personal Exposure to PM2.5 Sources and Components on Birthweight. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3026552. [PMID: 37333108 PMCID: PMC10274950 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3026552/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Background In-utero exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and specific sources and components of PM2.5 have been linked with lower birthweight. However, previous results have been mixed, likely due to heterogeneity in sources impacting PM2.5 and due to measurement error from using ambient data. Therefore, we investigated the effect of PM2.5 sources and their high-loading components on birthweight using data from 198 women in the 3rd trimester from the MADRES cohort 48-hour personal PM2.5 exposure monitoring sub-study. Methods The mass contributions of six major sources of personal PM2.5 exposure were estimated for 198 pregnant women in the 3rd trimester using the EPA Positive Matrix Factorization v5.0 model, along with their 17 high-loading chemical components using optical carbon and X-ray fluorescence approaches. Single- and multi-pollutant linear regressions were used to evaluate the association between personal PM2.5 sources and birthweight. Additionally, high-loading components were evaluated with birthweight individually and in models further adjusted for PM2.5 mass. Results Participants were predominately Hispanic (81%), with a mean (SD) gestational age of 39.1 (1.5) weeks and age of 28.2 (6.0) years. Mean birthweight was 3,295.8g (484.1) and mean PM2.5 exposure was 21.3 (14.4) μg/m3. A 1 SD increase in the mass contribution of the fresh sea salt source was associated with a 99.2g decrease in birthweight (95% CI: -197.7, -0.6), while aged sea salt was associated with lower birthweight (β =-70.1; 95% CI: -141.7, 1.4). Magnesium sodium, and chlorine were associated with lower birthweight, which remained after adjusting for PM2.5 mass. Conclusions This study found evidence that major sources of personal PM2.5 including fresh and aged sea salt were negatively associated with birthweight, with the strongest effect on birthweight from Na and Mg. The effect of crustal and fuel oil sources differed by infant sex with negative associations seen in boys compared to positive associations in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Xu
- University of Southern California
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23
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Hernandez-Castro I, Eckel SP, Howe CG, Niu Z, Kannan K, Robinson M, Foley HB, Grubbs B, Al-Marayati L, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Aung MT, Habre R, Dunton GF, Farzan SF, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Sex-specific effects of prenatal organophosphate ester (OPE) metabolite mixtures and adverse infant birth outcomes in the maternal and developmental risks from environmental and social stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115703. [PMID: 36934865 PMCID: PMC10101931 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants and plasticizers in various consumer products. Limited prior research suggests sex-specific effects of prenatal OPE exposures on fetal development. We evaluated overall and sex-specific associations between prenatal OPE exposures and gestational age (GA) at birth and birthweight for gestational age (BW for GA) z-scores among the predominately low-income, Hispanic MADRES cohort. METHODS Nine OPE metabolite concentrations were measured in 421 maternal urine samples collected during a third trimester visit (GA = 31.5 ± 2.0 weeks). We examined associations between single urinary OPE metabolites and GA at birth and BW for GA z-scores using linear regression models and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) and effects from OPE mixtures using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). We also assessed sex-specific differences in single metabolite analyses by evaluating statistical interactions and stratifying by sex. RESULTS We did not find significant associations between individual OPE metabolites and birth outcomes in the full infant sample; however, we found that higher bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) was associated with earlier GA at birth among male infants (p = 0.04), and a nonlinear, inverted U-shape association between the sum of dibutyl phosphate and di-isobutyl phosphate (DNBP + DIBP) and GA at birth among female infants (p = 0.03). In mixtures analysis, higher OPE metabolite mixture exposures was associated with lower GA at birth, which was primarily driven by female infants. No associations were observed between OPE mixtures and BW for GA z-scores. CONCLUSION Higher BDCIPP and DNBP + DIBP concentrations were associated with earlier GA at birth among male and female infants, respectively. Higher exposure to OPE mixtures was associated with earlier GA at birth, particularly among female infants. However, we saw no associations between prenatal OPEs and BW for GA. Our results suggest sex-specific impacts of prenatal OPE exposures on GA at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixel Hernandez-Castro
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Morgan Robinson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Helen B Foley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Muthiani Y, Aboubaker S, Askari S, Bahl R, Black RE, Dalmiya N, Duggan CP, Hofmeyr GJ, Kennedy SH, Klein N, Lawn JE, Shiffman J, Simon J, Temmerman M. Small vulnerable newborns-big potential for impact. Lancet 2023; 401:1692-1706. [PMID: 37167991 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite major achievements in child survival, the burden of neonatal mortality has remained high and even increased in some countries since 1990. Currently, most neonatal deaths are attributable to being born preterm, small for gestational age (SGA), or with low birthweight (LBW). Besides neonatal mortality, these conditions are associated with stillbirth and multiple morbidities, with short-term and long-term adverse consequences for the newborn, their families, and society, resulting in a major loss of human capital. Prevention of preterm birth, SGA, and LBW is thus critical for global child health and broader societal development. Progress has, however, been slow, largely because of the global community's failure to agree on the definition and magnitude of newborn vulnerability and best ways to address it, to frame the problem attractively, and to build a broad coalition of actors and a suitable governance structure to implement a change. We propose a new definition and a conceptual framework, bringing preterm birth, SGA, and LBW together under a broader umbrella term of the small vulnerable newborn (SVN). Adoption of the framework and the unified definition can facilitate improved problem definition and improved programming for SVN prevention. Interventions aiming at SVN prevention would result in a healthier start for live-born infants, while also reducing the number of stillbirths, improving maternal health, and contributing to a positive economic and social development in the society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yvonne Muthiani
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Rajiv Bahl
- Indian Council for Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Robert E Black
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nita Dalmiya
- United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher P Duggan
- Center for Nutrition, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Justus Hofmeyr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Effective Care Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa
| | - Stephen H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel Klein
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joy E Lawn
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Shiffman
- Paul H Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Marleen Temmerman
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Almahmoud OH, Abushaikha L. Prevalence and risk factors of developmental disabilities among preschool children in the Arab world: a narrative literature review. CHILD HEALTH NURSING RESEARCH 2023; 29:101-110. [PMID: 37170489 PMCID: PMC10183763 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2023.29.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Developmental disabilities (DDs) are a global childhood problem whose prevalence is rising, with a disproportionate impact on individuals in low-and middle-income countries. However, data on the prevalence of DDs in the Arab world are limited. This review highlights what is currently known about the prevalence and risk factors of DDs in preschool children in the Arab world. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched for publications on DDs among preschool children in the Arab world. Only 14 studies were identified in the literature, from 12 Arab countries. RESULTS The overall estimated prevalence of DDs among preschool children in the Arab world is 27.5%. An analysis of risk factors for DDs showed that child-related, maternal, and family-related factors account for a significant cumulative risk of developing DDs in preschool children. Maternal factors, such as antenatal and perinatal complications, were the most common risk factors. CONCLUSION The prevalence of DDs among preschoolers is significantly high in the Arab world, which emphasizes the importance of the early detection and diagnosis of DD, as well as its associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar H Almahmoud
- Doctoral Candidate, Faculty of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan ․ Nursing Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Profession College, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Lubna Abushaikha
- Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Oriá RB, Freitas RS, Roque CR, Nascimento JCR, Silva AP, Malva JO, Guerrant RL, Vitek MP. ApoE Mimetic Peptides to Improve the Vicious Cycle of Malnutrition and Enteric Infections by Targeting the Intestinal and Blood-Brain Barriers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041086. [PMID: 37111572 PMCID: PMC10141726 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) mimetic peptides are engineered fragments of the native apoE protein’s LDL-receptor binding site that improve the outcomes following a brain injury and intestinal inflammation in a variety of models. The vicious cycle of enteric infections and malnutrition is closely related to environmental-driven enteric dysfunction early in life, and such chronic inflammatory conditions may blunt the developmental trajectories of children with worrisome and often irreversible physical and cognitive faltering. This window of time for microbiota maturation and brain plasticity is key to protecting cognitive domains, brain health, and achieving optimal/full developmental potential. This review summarizes the potential role of promising apoE mimetic peptides to improve the function of the gut-brain axis, including targeting the blood-brain barrier in children afflicted with malnutrition and enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo B. Oriá
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-85-3366-8239
| | - Raul S. Freitas
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Cássia R. Roque
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
| | - José Carlos R. Nascimento
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medicine, University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusofonia, Redenção 62790-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João O. Malva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Richard L. Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Michael P. Vitek
- Division of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Nagatani S, Horiuchi S, Takahashi K, Matsuura M, Ounchit K, Yamaoka K. Risk of low birthweight associated with the timing and frequency of antenatal care visits in Lao PDR: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:119. [PMID: 36803502 PMCID: PMC9936643 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal care (ANC) plays an important role in preventing low birthweight (LBW). Whereas the government of Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) has committed to increasing the usage of ANC, little attention has been given to the early initiation of ANC. The present study assessed the influence of delayed and fewer ANC visits on LBW in the country. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at Salavan Provincial Hospital. Study participants were all pregnant women who gave birth at the hospital between 1 August 2016 and 31 July 31 2017. Data were collected from medical records. Logistic regression analyses were performed to quantify the relationship between ANC visits and LBW. We also investigated factors associated with inadequate ANC visits: first ANC visit after the first trimester or < 4 ANC visits. RESULTS The mean birth weight was 2808.7 g [standard deviation: SD 455.6]. Among 1804 participants, 350 (19.4%) had babies with LBW, and 147 (8.2%) had inadequate ANC visits. In multivariate analyses, compared to participants with adequate ANC visits, those with ≥ 4 ANC visits and the first ANC visit after the second trimester, those with < 4 ANC visits, and those with no ANC visits had higher odds ratios (ORs) of LBW: 3.77 (95% confidence interval: CI = 1.66-8.57), 2.39 (95% CI = 1.18-4.83) and 2.22 (95% CI = 1.08-4.56), respectively. Younger maternal age (OR 1.42; 95% CI = 1.07-1.89), government subsidisation (OR 2.69; 95% CI = 1.97-3.68) and ethnic minority (OR 1.88; 95% CI = 1.50-2.34) were associated with increased risk of insufficient number of ANC visits after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Frequent and early initiation of ANC was associated with a reduction in LBW in Lao PDR. Encouraging childbearing-aged women to receive sufficient ANC at proper timing may lead to a reduction in LBW and improvement in short- and long-term health outcomes of neonates. Special attention will be needed for ethnic minorities and women in lower socioeconomic classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Nagatani
- grid.454175.60000 0001 2178 130XProject for Sustainable Development and Quality Assurance of Healthcare Professionals, Japan International Cooperation Agency, Lao PDR Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo Japan
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 1110, Japan.
| | - Kenzo Takahashi
- grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo Japan
| | - Masaaki Matsuura
- grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kongsit Ounchit
- Salavan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Salavan Provincial Hospital, Phonkeo Village, Salavan District, Salavan Province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Kazue Yamaoka
- grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo Japan
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Womack SR, Beam CR, Giangrande EJ, Scharf RJ, Tong X, Ponnapalli M, Davis DW, Turkheimer E. Nonlinear Catch-Up Growth in Height, Weight, and Head Circumference from Birth to Adolescence: A Longitudinal Twin Study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2005347. [PMID: 36798196 PMCID: PMC9934774 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2005347/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to high rates of prenatal complications, twins are, on average, substantially smaller than population norms on physical measurements including height, weight, and head circumference at birth. By early childhood, twins are physically average. This study is the first to explore the process of catch-up growth by fitting asymptotic growth models to age-standardized height, weight, and head circumference measurements in a community sample of twins ( n = 1,281, 52.3% female) followed at up to 17 time points from birth to 15 years. Catch-up growth was rapid over the first year and plateaued around the population mean by early childhood. Shared environmental factors accounted for the majority of individual differences in initial physical size (57.7%-65.5%), whereas additive genetic factors accounted for the majority of individual differences in the upper asymptotes of height, weight, and head circumference (73.4%-92.6%). Both additive genetic and shared environmental factors were associated with variance in how quickly twins caught up. Gestational age and family SES emerged as important environmental correlates of physical catch-up growth.
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Hernández-Vásquez A, Bartra Reátegui A, Vargas-Fernández R. Altitude and Its Association with Low Birth Weight among Children of 151,873 Peruvian Women: A Pooled Analysis of a Nationally Representative Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1411. [PMID: 36674168 PMCID: PMC9859162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the altitude of residence and the low birth weight (LBW) of the children of pregnant Peruvian women using a nationally representative database. An analysis of individual-level data from the last 13 years (from 2009 to 2021) of the Demographic and Family Health Survey was performed. The outcome variable was LBW, defined as birth weight less than 2500 g, while the independent variable was the altitude of residence in meters above sea level (masl). To estimate the association between the two variables, the crude and adjusted generalized linear model of the Poisson family with a log link was used along with crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, which were estimated with their respective 95% confidence interval. A total of 151,873 women aged 15-49 years were included between 2009 and 2021. The pooled proportion of LBW was 7.0%. As the main finding, the children of mothers residing at an altitude from 2500 to 3499 masl and ≥3500 masl had a higher probability of LBW. It was found that the children of mothers residing at an altitude above 2500 masl were more likely to have LBW. Our results will help to strengthen the cultural practice of maternal health care and increase its coverage in women residing in high-altitude regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Alicia Bartra Reátegui
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Tarapoto 22201, Peru
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He R, Mo J, Zhu K, Luo Q, Liu X, Huang H, Sheng J. The early life course-related traits with three psychiatric disorders: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1098664. [PMID: 37025349 PMCID: PMC10070876 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Several studies have indicated a potential association between early life course-related traits and neurological and psychiatric disorders in adulthood, but the causal link remains unclear. Methods Instrumental variables (IVs) that have been shown to be strongly associated with exposure were obtained from summary data of genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Four early life course-related traits [i.e., birthweight (BW), childhood body mass index (BMI), early body size, and age at first birth (AFB)] were used as exposure IVs to estimate their causal associations with three neurological and psychiatric diseases [i.e., Alzheimer's disease (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)]. Four different statistical methods, i.e., inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger (MRE), weighted median (WM), and weighted mode (Wm), were performed in our MR analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed by using the leave-one-out method, and horizontal pleiotropy was assessed using the MR-PRESSO package. Results There was evidence suggesting that BW has a causal effect on AD (ORMR-PRESSO = 1.05, p = 1.14E-03), but this association was not confirmed via multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) (ORMVMR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.92-1.02, p = 3.00E-01). A strong relationship was observed between childhood BMI and ADHD among both sexes; a 1-SD increase in BMI significantly predicted a 1.46-fold increase in the OR for ADHD (p = 9.13E-06). In addition, a similar relationship was found between early life body size and ADHD (ORMR-PRESSO = 1.47, p = 9.62E-05), and this effect was mainly driven by male participants (ORMR-PRESSO = 1.50, p = 1.28E-3). Earlier AFB could significantly predict a higher risk of MDD (ORMR-PRESSO = 1.19, p = 1.96E-10) and ADHD (ORMR-PRESSO = 1.45, p = 1.47E-15). No significant causal associations were observed between the remaining exposures and outcomes. Conclusion Our results reveal the adverse effects of childhood obesity and preterm birth on the risk of ADHD later in life. The results of MVMR also show that lower BW may have no direct relationship with AD after adjusting for BMI. Furthermore, AFB may predict a higher risk of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renke He
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Jiaying Mo
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Kejing Zhu
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Qinyu Luo
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hefeng Huang,
| | - Jianzhong Sheng
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Jianzhong Sheng,
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Mukhopadhyay K. Urgent Need of Research on Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Preterm/Very Low Birth Weight Neonates From India. Indian Pediatr 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-023-2688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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He X, Shao Z, Jing J, Wang X, Xu S, Wu M, Zhu Y. Secular trends of birth weight and its associations with obesity and hypertension among Southern Chinese children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:1487-1496. [PMID: 36398930 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association of low or high birth weight (L/HBW) with obesity and hypertension in childhood remains unclear. We aimed to identify the secular trend of birth weight distribution and its relationship to obesity and hypertension in Southern Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS 6,561 individuals (6-17-year-old) were enrolled by multistage cluster sampling to observed the trend of birth weight distribution and its associated factors. 1,218 were further selected by group matching to investigate the correlation between birth weight and obesity or hypertension. RESULTS Between 1997 and 2008, a significant decline in the LBW rate and no significant change in the HBW rate was found. LBW was associated with maternal BMI<18 kg/m2 (OR1.79, 95% CI 1.08-2.97) during pregnancy, while maternal BMI between 25.0 and 27.9 kg/m2 (OR1.62, 95% CI 1.04-2.52) and paternal BMI>28 kg/m2 (OR1.64, 95% CI 1.02-2.63) during pregnancy were associated with HBW. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher with HBW than normal birth weight (NBW) or LBW (16.73, 6.25 and 5.50%, respectively). The prevalence rates of suspected hypertension were 1.62, 1.25 and 1.49% among LBW, NBW and HBW, respectively (p>0.05). LBW decreased the risks of childhood overweight (OR0.31, 95% CI 0.18-0.54), but had no effect on suspected hypertension. HBW increased the risks of childhood obesity (OR2.19, 95% CI 1.50-3.20), but decreased the risks of suspected hypertension (OR0.22, 95% CI 0.09-0.58). CONCLUSIONS HBW was positively associated with childhood obesity, and parental BMIs management might be one of the measurements to control birth weight to lessen childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying He
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute (SGHI), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zixian Shao
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute (SGHI), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute (SGHI), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Suhua Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute (SGHI), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Miao Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute (SGHI), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanna Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute (SGHI), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Umer A, Watson E, Lilly C, Woods S, Lefeber C, Breyel J, John C. Substance Exposure and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Pediatr 2022; 256:70-76. [PMID: 36513212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the independent and combined effects of in utero exposures on birth outcomes in a rural population. STUDY DESIGN The study used population-level data (2020-2022) from a state-wide surveillance tool (Working in Appalachia to identify at-risk infants, Critical congenital heart disease, and Hearing loss) in West Virginia. Outcomes included low birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, and birth weight in grams. Exposure included a composite variable with 8 levels of 3 exposure (opioids, stimulants, and cannabis) categories. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic covariates using multiple logistic and linear regression analyses. RESULTS Of the 34 412 singleton live births, 1 in 8 newborns (12.2%) had in utero exposure(s) to opioids, stimulants, and/or cannabis, 11.5% were preterm, 7.9% had low birthweight, 9.6% were small for gestational age, and mean birth weight was 3249 ± 563.6 g. Preterm birth was associated with stimulant alone exposure (aOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.03-1.89) and stimulant and cannabis concurrent exposure (aOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.16, 2.47). Low birthweight was associated with opioids alone (aOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10, 1.63), cannabis alone (aOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.13 to -1.52), opioid and cannabis (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.12 to -2.31), and opioids, stimulants, and cannabis concurrent exposures (aOR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.43-3.61). Five exposure categories were associated with lower birth weights (adjusted mean difference range. -72 to -211 g). Small for gestational age was associated with opioids alone (aOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.24-1.78), cannabis alone (aOR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.31-1.69), and opioids and cannabis concurrent exposures (aOR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.36-2.67). CONCLUSIONS We showed complex associations between in utero substance exposures, preterm birth, birth weight, and sociodemographic factors in a rural population. The results may inform policy efforts to improve maternal and child health in socioeconomically disadvantaged and underserved rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Umer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
| | - Emma Watson
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA
| | - Christa Lilly
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | | | - Candice Lefeber
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Janine Breyel
- West Virginia Perinatal Partnership, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Collin John
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
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Howarth TP, Heraganahally SS, Gentin N, Jonas C, Williamson B, Jing MX, Suresh S. Comparison of polysomnographic characteristics between low birthweight and normal birthweight children in the Northern Territory of Australia: A case-control study. Sleep Health 2022; 8:625-631. [PMID: 36055934 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the sleep architecture of pediatric patients according to whether they were born low birthweight (birthweight <2500 g, LBW) or normal birthweight (birthweight >2500 g). DESIGN Case control study. SETTING Pediatric sleep laboratory in the Northern Territory of Australia during a 5-year study period (2015- 2020). PARTICIPANTS Pediatric patients (aged <18 years) referred to the specialist sleep service for assessment of clinically suspected sleep disorders. MEASUREMENTS Sleep onset latency, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency, wake time after sleep onset, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, non-rapid eye movement stages N1/N2/N3, and REM sleep duration, total/spontaneous/respiratory/limb related arousal indexes, total/non-rapid eye movement/REM obstructive apnea-hypopnea index and oxygen saturation. RESULTS One hundred and seventy-two pediatric patients had birthweight data available of whom 19 were LBW. LBW patients showed significantly greater sleep disruption and higher prevalence of poor sleepers (<80% efficiency). In multivariate regression models, increasing birthweight was associated with significantly greater sleep efficiency and total sleep time. After accounting for gestational age LBW was associated with increased odds of obstructive sleep apnea. CONCLUSIONS Among pediatric patients LBW is associated with increased sleep disruption and reduced sleep efficiency. This is attenuated by gestational age, though both gestational age and LBW significantly influence odds of obstructive sleep apnea. This sleep health deficit may contribute to development of chronic disease in this vulnerable population, and should be monitored to provide avenues for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Howarth
- College of Health and Human Science, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Darwin Respiratory and Sleep Health, Darwin Private Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Subash S Heraganahally
- Darwin Respiratory and Sleep Health, Darwin Private Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Natalie Gentin
- Darwin Respiratory and Sleep Health, Darwin Private Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Jonas
- Darwin Respiratory and Sleep Health, Darwin Private Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Bruce Williamson
- Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthias X Jing
- Health Information Services, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Sadasivam Suresh
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Buchwald AG, Boudova S, Peterson I, Divala T, Mungwira R, Mawindo P, Gladstone M, Cairo C, Laufer MK. The Association among Malaria in Pregnancy, Neonatal inflammation, and Neurocognitive Development in a Cohort of Malawian Infants. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:1036-1040. [PMID: 36252805 PMCID: PMC9709022 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria in pregnancy (MIP) causes poor birth outcomes, but its impact on neurocognitive development has not been well characterized. Between 2012 and 2014, we enrolled 307 mother-infant pairs and monitored 286 infants for neurocognitive development using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. MIP was diagnosed from peripheral blood and placental specimens. Cord blood cytokine levels were assessed for a subset of neonates. Predictors of neurodevelopment were examined using mixed-effect logistic regression for developmental delay. Among the participants, 78 mothers (25.4%) had MIP, and 45 infants (15.7%) experienced severe neurocognitive delay. MIP was not associated with differences in cord blood cytokine levels or neurocognitive development. Preterm birth, low birthweight, increasing maternal education level, and increasing interleukin 6 levels were associated significantly with delay. The results highlight the prevalence of severe delay and a need for broad access to early childhood support in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G. Buchwald
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah Boudova
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ingrid Peterson
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Titus Divala
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Randy Mungwira
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Patricia Mawindo
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Melissa Gladstone
- Institute of Translational Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiana Cairo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Miriam K. Laufer
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Taneja S, Chowdhury R, Dhabhai N, Upadhyay RP, Mazumder S, Sharma S, Bhatia K, Chellani H, Dewan R, Mittal P, Bhan MK, Bahl R, Bhandari N. Impact of a package of health, nutrition, psychosocial support, and WaSH interventions delivered during preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood periods on birth outcomes and on linear growth at 24 months of age: factorial, individually randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2022; 379:e072046. [PMID: 36288808 PMCID: PMC9597398 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-072046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of integrated and concurrent delivery of health, nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH), and psychosocial care interventions during the preconception period alone, during pregnancy and early childhood, and throughout preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood on birth outcomes and linear growth at 24 months of age compared with routine care. DESIGN Individually randomised factorial trial. SETTING Low and middle income neighbourhoods of Delhi, India. PARTICIPANTS 13 500 women were randomised to receive preconception interventions (n=6722) or routine care (n=6778). 2652 and 2269 pregnant women were randomised again to receive pregnancy and early childhood interventions or routine care. The analysis of birth outcomes included 1290 live births for the preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood interventions (group A), 1276 for the preconception intervention (group B), 1093 for the pregnancy and early childhood interventions (group C), and 1093 for the control (group D). Children aged 24 months by 30 June 2021 were included in the 24 month outcome analysis (453 in group A, 439 in B, 293 in C, and 271 in D). INTERVENTIONS Health, nutrition, psychosocial care and support, and WaSH interventions were delivered during preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood periods. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes were low birth weight, small for gestational age, preterm, and mean birth weight. At 24 months, the outcomes were mean length-for-age z scores and proportion stunted. Three prespecified comparisons were made: preconception intervention groups (A+B) versus no preconception intervention groups (C+D); pregnancy and early childhood intervention groups (A+C) versus routine care during pregnancy and early childhood (B+D) and preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood interventions groups (A) versus control group (D). RESULTS The proportion with low birth weight was lower in the preconception intervention groups (506/2235) than in the no preconception intervention groups (502/1889; incidence rate ratio 0.85, 98.3% confidence interval 0.75 to 0.97; absolute risk reduction -3.80%, 98.3% confidence interval -6.99% to -0.60%). The proportion with low birth weight was lower in the pregnancy intervention groups (502/2096) than in the no pregnancy intervention groups (506/2028) but the upper limit of the confidence interval crossed null effect (0.87, 0.76 to 1.01; -1.71%, -4.96% to 1.54%). There was a larger effect on proportion with low birth weight in the group that received interventions in the preconception and pregnancy periods (267/1141) compared with the control group (267/934; 0.76, 0.62 to 0.91; -5.59%, -10.32% to -0.85%). The proportion stunted at 24 months of age was substantially lower in the pregnancy and early childhood intervention groups (79/746) compared with the groups that did not receive these interventions (136/710; 0.51, 0.38 to 0.70; -8.32%, -12.31% to -4.32%), and in the group that received preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood interventions (47/453) compared with the control group (51/271; 0.49, 0.32 to 0.75; -7.98%, -14.24% to -1.71%). No effect on stunting at 24 months was observed in the preconception intervention groups (132/892) compared with the no preconception intervention groups (83/564). CONCLUSIONS An intervention package delivered during preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood substantially reduced low birth weight and stunting at 24 months. Pregnancy and early childhood interventions alone had lower but important effects on birth outcomes and 24 month outcomes. Preconception interventions alone had an important effect on birth outcomes but not on 24 month outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Registry-India CTRI/2017/06/008908.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Taneja
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranadip Chowdhury
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeta Dhabhai
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Upadhyay
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarmila Mazumder
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Sitanshi Sharma
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Bhatia
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Harish Chellani
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupali Dewan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima Mittal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - M K Bhan
- Knowledge Integration and Translational Platform (KnIT), Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajiv Bahl
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nita Bhandari
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
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The associations between stunting and wasting at 12 months of age and developmental milestones delays in a cohort of Cambodian children. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17859. [PMID: 36284133 PMCID: PMC9596435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, over 250 million children under 5 years do not reach their developmental potential due to several causes, including malnutrition. In Cambodia, the prevalence of stunting and wasting among children remains high. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess acquisition of motor and cognitive developmental milestones in early childhood and their associations with stunting and wasting. Children aged from 0 to 24 months were recruited from three provinces in Cambodia and followed up to seven times from March 2016 to June 2019, until their 5 years. Data collection included anthropometry and developmental milestones. Seven motor and seven cognitive milestones were evaluated using the Cambodian Development Milestone Assessment Tool. Associations were assessed with parametric survival models. Hazard ratios (HR) below 1 stood for lower probabilities for achieving developmental milestones. Data were available for 7394 children. At 12 months, the prevalence of stunting and wasting were 23.7% and 9.6% respectively. Both were consistently associated with delays in most motor and cognitive milestones. Stunting was strongly associated with delays in gross motor milestones (HR < 0.85; p < 0.001). Wasting was more strongly associated with delays in fine motor development and most cognitive milestones (HR < 0.75; p < 0.001). Promoting nutritional programs in the first 1000 days to prevent malnutrition is essential to further the optimal growth and motor and cognitive development of Cambodian children.
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O’Sharkey K, Xu Y, Chavez T, Johnson M, Cabison J, Rosales M, Grubbs B, Toledo-Corral CM, Farzan SF, Bastain T, Breton CV, Habre R. In-utero personal exposure to PM 2.5 impacted by indoor and outdoor sources and birthweight in the MADRES cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANCES 2022; 9:100257. [PMID: 36778968 PMCID: PMC9912940 DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In-utero exposure to outdoor particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is linked with low birthweight. However, previous results are mixed, likely due to measurement error introduced by estimating personal exposure from ambient data. This study investigated the effect of total personal PM2.5 exposure on birthweight and whether it differed when it was more heavily impacted by sources of indoor vs outdoor origin in the MADRES cohort study. METHODS Personal PM2.5 exposure was measured in 205 pregnant women in the 3rd trimester using 48 h integrated, filter-based sampling. Linear regression was used to test the association between personal PM2.5 exposure and birthweight, adjusting for key covariates. Interactions of PM2.5 with variables representing indoor sources of PM2.5, home ventilation, or time spent indoors tested whether the effect of total PM2.5 on birthweight varied when it was more impacted by sources of indoor vs outdoor origin. RESULTS In a sample of largely Hispanic (81%) pregnant women, total personal PM2.5 was not significantly associated with birthweight (β = 38.6 per 1SD increase in PM2.5; 95% CI:-21.1, 98.2). This association however, differed by home type (single family home: 156.9 (26.9, 287.0), 2-4 attached units:-16.6 (-111.9, 78.7), 5+ units:-62.6 (-184.9, 59.6), missing: 145.4 (-4.1, 294.9), interaction p = 0.028) and by household air conditioner use (none of the time: -27.6 (-101.5, 46.3) vs. some of the time: 139.9 (42.9, 237.0), interaction p = 0.008) Additionally, the effect of personal PM2.5 on birthweight varied by time spent indoors (none or little of the time: - 45.1 (-208.3, 118.1) vs. most or all of the time: 57.1 (-7.3, 121.6), interaction p = 0.255). CONCLUSIONS While no significant association between total personal PM2.5 exposure and birthweight was found, there was evidence that multi-unit housing (vs. single-family homes), candle and/or incense smoke, and greater outdoor source contributions to personal PM2.5 were more strongly associated with lower birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl O’Sharkey
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Yan Xu
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Jane Cabison
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Marisela Rosales
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, United States
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Theresa Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Saha S, Pandya A, Raval D, Saxena D, Patil MS. Malnutrition in Devbhumi Dwarka: A Situation Analysis. Cureus 2022; 14:e27990. [PMID: 36120252 PMCID: PMC9469685 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition among children, adolescent girls and women is a serious public health issue in India. Malnutrition among adolescent girls is likely to carry on this vicious cycle by giving birth to low birthweight babies. Moreover, low birthweight babies who survive are likely to suffer growth retardation and illness throughout their childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Present situation analysis highlights not only the overall nutrition picture of Devbhumi Dwarka but also narrates the uptake of current nutrition and healthcare services in the Devbhumi Dwarka district. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 3,738 study population (1,301 children, 1,185 pregnant and lactating women and 1,252 adolescent girls) across four blocks of the Devbhumi Dwarka district of Gujarat. Anthropometric assessments were carried out and the WHO Asia Pacific classification was used for the assessment of malnutrition. Results The prevalence of wasting, underweight and stunting was 14%, 17% and 32%, respectively, in children under two years of age. The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women (Hb <11 g/dL) was 72.92%; 91.36% of lactating women were anaemic (Hb <12 g/dL). The prevalence of underweight (<-2 SD) among adolescent girls was 19.6%. Block-wise variation in prevalence was observed. Overall, utilization of integrated child development services and health services by these target groups remained sub-optimal. Conclusion The study has revealed the suboptimal nutritional status of children, pregnant and lactating women and adolescent girls of Devbhumi Dwarka, which signifies the need for urgent attention. Several areas of priority have been identified and discussed to improve the overall nutrition status in the district.
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Partap U, Chowdhury R, Taneja S, Bhandari N, De Costa A, Bahl R, Fawzi W. Preconception and periconception interventions to prevent low birth weight, small for gestational age and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2021-007537. [PMID: 35948345 PMCID: PMC9379503 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low birth weight (LBW), including preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA), contributes a significant global health burden. We aimed to summarise current evidence on the effect of preconception and periconception interventions on LBW, SGA and PTB. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and WHO Global Index Medicus for randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies published by 28 November 2020, which assessed interventions delivered in preconception and periconception or preconception and pregnancy. Primary outcomes were LBW, SGA and PTB. Studies were categorised by intervention type and delivery during preconception and periconception or during preconception and pregnancy. Estimates were pooled using fixed-effects or random-effects restricted maximum likelihood method meta-analyses. Quality of evidence for primary outcomes was assessed using the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Results We included 58 studies. Twenty-eight studies examined nutrition interventions (primarily micronutrient or food supplementation). Thirty studies (including one reporting a nutrition intervention) provided health interventions (general preconception health, early adverse pregnancy outcome prevention, non-communicable disease and infectious disease prevention and management). One study assessed a social intervention (reproductive planning). Studies varied in terms of specific interventions, including delivery across preconception or pregnancy, resulting in few studies for any single comparison. Overall, the evidence was generally very uncertain regarding the impact of any intervention on LBW, SGA and PTB. Additionally, preconception and periconception nutritional supplementation containing folic acid was associated with reduced risk of birth defects (10 studies, N=3 13 312, risk ratio: 0.37 (95% CI: 0.24 to 0.55), I2: 74.33%). Conclusion We found a paucity of evidence regarding the impact of preconception and periconception interventions on LBW, SGA and PTB. Further research on a wider range of interventions is required to clearly ascertain their potential effectiveness. Trial registration number This review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020220915).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Partap
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ranadip Chowdhury
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Taneja
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Bhandari
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayesha De Costa
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rajiv Bahl
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wafaie Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sitaresmi MN, Indraswari BW, Rozanti NM, Sabilatuttaqiyya Z, Wahab A. Health-related quality of life profile of Indonesian children and its determinants: a community-based study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:103. [PMID: 35193530 PMCID: PMC8862365 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Assessing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its determinants in children may provide a comprehensive view of child health. The study aimed to assess the HRQOL in Indonesian children and its determinants. Methods We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in the Sleman District of Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia, from August to November 2019. We recruited children aged 2 to 18 years old using the Sleman Health and Demography Surveillance System sample frame. We used the validated Indonesian version of Pediatric Quality of life Inventory™ (Peds QL™) 4.0 Generic core scale, proxy-reports, and self-reports, to assess the HRQOL. Results We recruited 633 proxies and 531 children aged 2–18 years. The mean total score of self-report and proxy-report were 89.9+ 8.5 and 93.3 + 6.4. There was a fair to moderate correlation between self-reports and proxy-reports, with intra-class correlation ranging from 0.34 to 0.47, all p < 0.001. Half of the children (49.4% from proxy-report and 50.1% from self-report) reported having acute illness during the last month. Based on proxy-reports, multivariate regression analysis demonstrated lower HRQOL for children with acute health problems, younger age, history of low birth weight, abnormal delivery, lower fathers’ educational level, and government-paid insurance for low-income families. Conclusion Sociodemographic determinants of a child’s HRQOL, acute health problems, and low birth weight were associated with lower HRQOL in the general pediatric population. In low- and middle-income countries where acute infections and low birth weight are still prevalent, its prevention and appropriate interventions should improve child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Neni Sitaresmi
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM)/ RSUP DR Sardjito, Jalan Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Braghmandita Widya Indraswari
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM)/ RSUP DR Sardjito, Jalan Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nisrina Maulida Rozanti
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Zena Sabilatuttaqiyya
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Zhu Z, Perumal N, Fawzi WW, Cheng Y, Elhoumed M, Qi Q, Wang L, Dibley MJ, Zeng L, Sudfeld CR. Postnatal Stature Does Not Largely Mediate the Relation between Adverse Birth Outcomes and Cognitive Development in Mid-Childhood and Early Adolescence in Rural Western China. J Nutr 2022; 152:302-309. [PMID: 34550375 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth and fetal growth restriction are associated with linear growth faltering and suboptimal cognitive development in childhood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate whether and to what extent the associations between adverse birth outcomes and cognitive development in mid-childhood and early adolescence are mediated by postnatal stature. METHODS We used data from a prospective birth cohort of children born to women who participated in a large cluster-randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in rural western China. Children were followed up for anthropometric assessments at 6, 12, and 24 mo of age and in mid-childhood (7-9 y). Cognitive development was assessed in mid-childhood (n = 669) and early adolescence (n = 735; 10-12 y) using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV. We conducted a causal mediation analysis to evaluate the proportion of the association of low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g), small-for-gestational age (SGA; <10th percentile), and preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation) with cognitive development in mid-childhood and early adolescence that was mediated by postnatal length/height-for-age and -sex z score (LAZ/HAZ) during the first 2 y of life and in mid-childhood. RESULTS LBW and SGA, but not preterm birth, were associated with lower cognitive test scores in mid-childhood and early adolescence. The proportion of the total association of SGA with adolescent cognitive development that was mediated by LAZ/HAZ at 6, 12, and 24 mo of age and in mid-childhood was 25%, 32%, 32%, and 27%, respectively. The corresponding proportions for LBW were 25%, 32%, 16%, and 24%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The association of LBW and SGA with cognitive development in mid-childhood and adolescence is not largely mediated by postnatal stature during the first 2 y of life. Postnatal interventions that address the antecedent causes of poor child growth and development, rather than early childhood growth alone, are more likely to mitigate the risk of suboptimal development among SGA and LBW children. This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN08850194.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghai Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nandita Perumal
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety Research, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mohamed Elhoumed
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteriology (LNRM), National Institute of Public Health Research (INRSP), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Michael J Dibley
- The Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Christopher R Sudfeld
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Maulinda F, Handayani D, Wongkaren TS. The effect of age at first marriage on the incidence of labor complications and babies with low birth weight in Indonesia. CHILD HEALTH NURSING RESEARCH 2022; 27:127-136. [PMID: 35004503 PMCID: PMC8650910 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2021.27.2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the effect of a woman's age at first marriage (AFM) on the incidence of labor complications and babies with low birth weight (LBW). Methods This study used data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) on women aged 15-49 years who gave birth to their first child within the previous 5 years. Data analysis was conducted using binary logistic regression for labor complications and the binomial probit method for the incidence of LBW. Results The analysis showed that AFM affected the likelihood of childbirth complications and LBW babies. An increase in AFM tended to reduce the risk of childbirth complications, although poor economic conditions increased the risk of complications in mothers with a higher AFM. In addition, a low or high AFM increased the chances of delivering a baby with LBW. Conclusion A low AFM was associated with an increased likelihood of women experiencing birth complications when delivering their first child and delivering babies with LBW, underscoring the importance of delaying childbirth until a more mature age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dwini Handayani
- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Turro S Wongkaren
- Director, Lembaga Demografi, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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McHenry MS, Maldonado LY, Yang Z, Anusu G, Kaluhi E, Christoffersen-Deb A, Songok JJ, Ruhl LJ. Participation in a Community-Based Women's Health Education Program and At-Risk Child Development in Rural Kenya: Developmental Screening Questionnaire Results Analysis. GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021; 9:818-831. [PMID: 34933978 PMCID: PMC8691876 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-20-00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A community-based intervention focused on women's health education may help protect against early childhood developmental delays in resource-limited settings. Background: Over 43% of children living in low- and middle-income countries are at risk for developmental delays; however, access to protective interventions in these settings is limited. We evaluated the effect of maternal participation in Chamas for Change (Chamas)—a community-based women's health education program during pregnancy and postpartum—and risk of developmental delay among their children in rural Kenya. Methods: We analyzed developmental screening questionnaire (DSQ) data from a cluster randomized controlled trial in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03187873). Intervention clusters (Chamas) participated in community health volunteer-led, group-based health lessons twice a month during pregnancy and postpartum; controls had monthly home visits (standard of care). We screened all children born during the trial who were alive at 1-year follow-up. We labeled children with any positive item on the DSQ as “at-risk development.” We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and multilevel regression models (α=.05); analyses were intention-to-treat using individual-level data. Results: Between November 2017 and March 2018, we enrolled 1,920 pregnant women to participate in the parent trial. At 1-year follow-up, we screened 1,273 (689 intervention, 584 control) children born during the trial with the DSQ. Intervention mothers had lower education levels and higher poverty likelihood scores than controls (P<.001 and P=.007, respectively). The overall rate of at-risk development was 3.5%. Children in Chamas clusters demonstrated significantly lower rates of at-risk development than controls (2.5% vs. 4.8%, P=.025). Adjusted analyses revealed lower odds for at-risk development in the intervention arm (OR=0.50; 95% confidence interval=0.27, 0.94). Conclusions: Maternal participation in a community-based women's health education program was associated with lower rates of at-risk development compared to the standard of care. Overall, rates of at-risk development were lower than expected for this population, warranting further investigation. Chamas may help protect children from developmental delay in rural Kenya and other resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S McHenry
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya.
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lauren Y Maldonado
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gertrude Anusu
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Evelyn Kaluhi
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Astrid Christoffersen-Deb
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
- University of British Columbia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vancouver, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julia J Songok
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
- Moi University College of Health Sciences, Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Laura J Ruhl
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Moi University College of Health Sciences, Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Eldoret, Kenya
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Carrillo-Larco RM, Cajachagua-Torres KN, Guzman-Vilca WC, Quezada-Pinedo HG, Tarazona-Meza C, Huicho L. National and subnational trends of birthweight in Peru: Pooled analysis of 2,927,761 births between 2012 and 2019 from the national birth registry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:None. [PMID: 34568863 PMCID: PMC8447569 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background National and subnational characterization of birthweight profiles lacks in low- and middle-income countries, yet these are needed for monitoring the progress of national and global nutritional targets. We aimed to describe birthweight indicators at the national and subnational levels in Peru (2012-2019), and by selected correlates. Methods We studied mean birthweight (g), low birthweight (<2,500 g) and small for gestational age (according to international growth curves) prevalences. We analysed the national birth registry and summarized the three birthweight indicators at the national, regional, and province level, also by geographic area (Coast, Highlands, and Amazon). With individual-level data from the mother, we described the birthweight indicators by age, educational level and healthcare provider. Following an ecological approach (province level), we described the birthweight indicators by human development index (HDI), altitude above sea level, proportion of the population living in poverty and proportion of rural population. Findings Mean birthweight was always the lowest in the Highlands (2,954 g in 2019) yet the highest in the Coast (3,516 g in 2019). The same was observed for low birthweight and small for gestational age. In regions with Coast and Highlands, the birthweight indicators worsen from the Coast to the Highlands; the largest absolute difference in mean birthweight between Coast and Highlands in the same region was 367 g. All birthweight indicators were the worst in mothers with none/initial education, while they improved with higher HDI. Interpretation This analysis suggests that interventions are needed at the province level, given the large differences observed between Coast and Highlands even in the same region. Funding Wellcome Trust (214185/Z/18/Z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kim N Cajachagua-Torres
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Centro de Investigación en Salud Materna e Infantil and Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Wilmer Cristobal Guzman-Vilca
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,School of Medicine "Alberto Hurtado", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Cayetano Heredia (SOCEMCH), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Hugo G Quezada-Pinedo
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Centro de Investigación en Salud Materna e Infantil and Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Carla Tarazona-Meza
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA.,Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Huicho
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Materna e Infantil and Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,School of Medicine "Alberto Hurtado", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Rahman MS, Takahashi N, Iwabuchi T, Nishimura T, Harada T, Okumura A, Takei N, Nomura Y, Tsuchiya KJ. Elevated risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Japanese children with higher genetic susceptibility to ADHD with a birth weight under 2000 g. BMC Med 2021; 19:229. [PMID: 34556092 PMCID: PMC8461893 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both genetic and pre- and perinatal factors, including birth weight, have been implicated in the onset of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits among children. This study aimed to elucidate to what extent the genetic risk of ADHD moderates the association between birth weight and ADHD traits among Japanese children. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal birth cohort study (Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mother and Children Study) to investigate the association of genetic risk for ADHD and low birth weight with ADHD traits among Japanese children. Out of 1258 children, we included 796 who completed follow-ups at 8 to 9 years of age. Birth weight was categorized as <2000 g, 2000-2499 g, and ≥2500 g. Polygenic risk score for ADHD was generated using the summary data of a large-scale genome-wide association study. The Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS) assessed ADHD traits (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) based on parental reports. Following previous studies, sex, birth order of the child, gestational age at birth, mother's age at delivery, educational attainment, pre-pregnancy body mass index, pre-pregnancy or during pregnancy smoking status, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, father's age, education, and annual family income were considered as covariates. Multivariable negative binomial regression was applied to evaluate the association between birth weight and ADHD traits, while adjusting for potential covariates. The interaction term between birth weight categories and binary polygenic risk was added to the model. RESULTS Birth weight of 2000-2499 g was not associated with ADHD traits. Birth weight under 2000 g was significantly associated with both inattention and hyperactivity. When accounting for higher and lower genetic risk for ADHD, only those with higher genetic risk and birth weight < 2000 g were associated with inattention (rate ratio [RR] 1.56, 95% CI 1.07-2.27) and hyperactivity (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.14-3.06). CONCLUSIONS Birth weight under 2000 g, together with the genetic risk of ADHD, contributes to higher levels of ADHD traits among Japanese children aged 8 to 9 years. The suggested association between low birth weight and ADHD is confined to children with a genetic susceptibility to ADHD, indicating the relevance of genetic-environmental interactions in the etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafiur Rahman
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nagahide Takahashi
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiki Iwabuchi
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Taeko Harada
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akemi Okumura
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nori Takei
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan. .,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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Upadhyay RP, Taneja S, Ranjitkar S, Mazumder S, Bhandari N, Dua T, Shrestha L, Strand TA. Factors determining cognitive, motor and language scores in low birth weight infants from North India. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251387. [PMID: 33979366 PMCID: PMC8115769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born with low birth weight (LBW) tend to have lower neurodevelopmental scores compared to term normal birth weight children. It is important to determine factors that influence neurodevelopment in these low birth weight children especially in the first 2-3 years of life that represents a period of substantial brain development. METHODS This secondary data analysis was conducted using data from LBW infants enrolled soon after birth in an individually randomized controlled trial (RCT) and followed up till end of 1st year. Neurodevelopmental assessment was done at 12 months of corrected age by trained psychologists using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd edition (Bayley-III). Factors influencing cognitive, motor and language scores were determined using multivariable linear regression model. RESULTS Linear growth (i.e., length for age z score, LAZ) [cognitive: Standardized ẞ-coefficient = 2.19, 95% CI; 1.29, 3.10; motor: 2.41, 95% CI; 1.59, 3.23; language: 1.37, 95% CI; 0.70, 2.04], stimulation at home [cognitive: 0.21, 95% CI; 0.15, 0.27; motor: 0.12, 95% CI; 0.07, 0.17; language: 0.21, 95% CI; 0.16, 0.25] and number of diarrhoeal episodes [cognitive: -2.87, 95% CI; -4.34, -1.39; motor: -2.62, 95% CI; -3.93, -1.29; language: -2.25, 95% CI; -3.32, -1.17] influenced the composite scores in all three domains i.e., cognitive, language and motor. While increase in LAZ score and stimulation led to increase in composite scores; an increase in number of diarrhoeal episodes was associated with decrease in scores. Weight for height z scores (WHZ) were associated with motor and language but not with cognitive scores. Additionally, a negative association of birth order with cognitive and language scores was noted. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate the possible importance of promoting nutrition and preventing diarrhoea as well as ensuring optimal stimulation and nurturance at home for enhancing child development in LBW infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Prakash Upadhyay
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Sunita Taneja
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Ranjitkar
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sarmila Mazumder
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Bhandari
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Tarun Dua
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laxman Shrestha
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tor A. Strand
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
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Chua CLL, Hasang W, Rogerson SJ, Teo A. Poor Birth Outcomes in Malaria in Pregnancy: Recent Insights Into Mechanisms and Prevention Approaches. Front Immunol 2021; 12:621382. [PMID: 33790894 PMCID: PMC8005559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.621382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women in malaria-endemic regions are susceptible to malaria in pregnancy, which has adverse consequences on birth outcomes, including having small for gestational age and preterm babies. These babies are likely to have low birthweights, which predisposes to infant mortality and lifelong morbidities. During malaria in pregnancy, Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes express a unique variant surface antigen, VAR2CSA, that mediates sequestration in the placenta. This process may initiate a range of host responses that contribute to placental inflammation and dysregulated placental development, which affects placental vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and nutrient transport. Collectively, these result in the impairment of placental functions, affecting fetal development. In this review, we provide an overview of malaria in pregnancy and the different pathological pathways leading to malaria in pregnancy-associated low birthweight. We also discuss current prevention and management strategies for malaria in pregnancy, and some potential therapeutic interventions that may improve birth outcomes. Lastly, we outline some priorities for future research that could bring us one step closer to reducing this health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wina Hasang
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Teo
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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49
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Zhou CL, Xu GF, Yang Q, Wang HH, Guo MX, Xiong YM, Guo XY, Hou M, Jin LY, Sheng JZ, He L, Jin L, Huang HF. Diminished verbal ability among children conceived through ART with exposure to high serum estradiol in utero. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1931-1938. [PMID: 32519010 PMCID: PMC7468024 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Higher serum estradiol levels occur in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) owing to ovarian stimulation. Here, we investigated the association between maternal serum estradiol levels and the intellectual development of offspring conceived with ART. Methods A total of 204 singletons born after fresh embryo transfer were recruited for this cohort study. Among them, 102 children were born from mothers with high serum estradiol levels (> 12,000 pmol/L) on the day that human chorionic gonadotropin was administered. Another 102 children, matched by gestational age and age of the children, were recruited as controls from mothers with low serum estradiol (≤ 12,000 pmol/L). The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence was used to evaluate the intellectual development of the children. Results Children from mothers with higher serum estradiol levels scored lower in the verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) tests and verbal comprehension than children whose mothers had lower estradiol levels. The main difference between the two groups was in verbal subtests including information, vocabulary, and sorting. Partial correlation analysis revealed that the logarithm of maternal serum estradiol level negatively correlated with verbal IQ, performance IQ, and full scale IQ. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that a high maternal serum estradiol level may negatively associate the verbal ability of children conceived via ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Zhou
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huashan Rd. 1961, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gu-Feng Xu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huashan Rd. 1961, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Hui Wang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huashan Rd. 1961, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Xi Guo
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huashan Rd. 1961, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Meng Xiong
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huashan Rd. 1961, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Guo
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Hou
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huashan Rd. 1961, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Yang Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huashan Rd. 1961, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - He-Feng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huashan Rd. 1961, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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50
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Evensen KAI, Ustad T, Tikanmäki M, Haaramo P, Kajantie E. Long-term motor outcomes of very preterm and/or very low birth weight individuals without cerebral palsy: A review of the current evidence. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 25:101116. [PMID: 32461044 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2020.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed literature on long-term motor outcomes of individuals aged five years or older born very preterm (VP: ≤32 weeks of gestation) or with very low birth weight (VLBW: ≤1500g), without cerebral palsy (CP). PubMed produced 2827 articles, whereof 38 were eligible. Assessed by standardised and norm-based motor tests, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children being the most widely used, VP/VLBW individuals showed poorer motor skills compared with term-born controls with differences of approximately 1 SD in magnitude. Some studies assessed subdomains and differences were present in fine motor/manual dexterity, ball skills and gross motor/balance. Prevalence of motor problems varied largely from 8-37% in studies with cut-off at the 5th percentile or -1.5 SD to 12-71% in studies with cut-off at the 15th percentile or -1 SD. This review shows that the degree of motor impairments continues to be substantial among VP/VLBW individuals who do not develop CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Anne I Evensen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Unit for Physiotherapy Services, Trondheim Municipality, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tordis Ustad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marjaana Tikanmäki
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Promotion Unit, Helsinki, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peija Haaramo
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Promotion Unit, Helsinki, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Promotion Unit, Helsinki, Oulu, Finland; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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