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Camprodon-Boadas P, Gil-Dominguez A, De la Serna E, Sugranyes G, Lázaro I, Baeza I. Mediterranean Diet and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae053. [PMID: 38758659 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Childhood and adolescence are periods of critical importance in the development of mental health disorders. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been linked to multiple positive health outcomes, including reduced incidence of mental health disorders and fewer psychiatric symptoms. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to an MD and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted of original research that explored the relationship between psychiatric symptoms or disorders and adherence to an MD. The literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDES, Dialnet, and Latindex from inception to November 2022, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies. RESULTS A total of 13 studies (6 cross-sectional, 4 case-control, 2 randomized clinical trials, and 1 longitudinal cohort) out of 450 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 3058 children or adolescents with a mean age range from 8.6 to 16.2 years were included. Among the reviewed studies, 5 (71.42%) of those looking at attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 4 (80%) examining depression, and 2 (50%) assessing anxiety found a significant protective association. Seven articles (53.84%) were found to be of high quality and 6 (46.15%) of moderate quality. CONCLUSION Adherence to an MD could be a protective factor for mental health in child and adolescent populations. This suggests that promoting an MD could help prevent the onset of clinical psychiatric symptoms, reduce symptom severity, and improve prognosis in young patients. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021276316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Camprodon-Boadas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Aitana Gil-Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Elena De la Serna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Immaculada Baeza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
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Shell AL, Crawford CA, Cyders MA, Hirsh AT, Stewart JC. Depressive disorder subtypes, depressive symptom clusters, and risk of obesity and diabetes: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2024; 353:70-89. [PMID: 38432462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overlapping but divided literatures suggest certain depression facets may pose greater obesity and diabetes risk than others. Our objectives were to integrate the major depressive disorder (MDD) subtype and depressive symptom cluster literatures and to clarify which facets are associated with the greatest cardiometabolic disease risk. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of published studies examining associations of ≥2 MDD subtypes or symptom clusters with obesity or diabetes risk outcomes. We report which facets the literature is "in favor" of (i.e., having the strongest or most consistent results). RESULTS Forty-five articles were included. Of the MDD subtype-obesity risk studies, 14 were in favor of atypical MDD, and 8 showed similar or null associations across subtypes. Of the symptom cluster-obesity risk studies, 5 were in favor of the somatic cluster, 1 was in favor of other clusters, and 5 were similar or null. Of the MDD subtype-diabetes risk studies, 7 were in favor of atypical MDD, 3 were in favor of other subtypes, and 5 were similar or null. Of the symptom cluster-diabetes risk studies, 7 were in favor of the somatic cluster, and 5 were similar or null. LIMITATIONS Limitations in study design, sample selection, variable measurement, and analytic approach in these literatures apply to this review. CONCLUSIONS Atypical MDD and the somatic cluster are most consistently associated with obesity and diabetes risk. Future research is needed to establish directionality and causality. Identifying the depression facets conferring the greatest risk could improve cardiometabolic disease risk stratification and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L Shell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University Health, United States of America
| | | | - Melissa A Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Adam T Hirsh
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Jesse C Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, United States of America.
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Xian G, Chai Y, Gong Y, He W, Ma C, Zhang X, Zhang J, Ma Y. The relationship between healthy lifestyles and cognitive function in Chinese older adults: the mediating effect of depressive symptoms. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:299. [PMID: 38549104 PMCID: PMC10979595 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have proven the positive relationship between healthy lifestyles and cognitive function in older adults. However, the specific impacts and mechanisms require further investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether healthy lifestyles and cognitive function were associated with Chinese older adults and whether depressive symptoms mediated their association. METHODS 8272 valid samples were included using the latest data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Pearson's test was applied to investigate the relationship between the key variables. Regression models were employed to examine the mediating effects of healthy lifestyles, using Sobel's test and the bootstrap method to confirm path effects. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between healthy lifestyles, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function (p < 0.01). Healthy lifestyles directly impact cognitive function (β = 0.162, p < 0.01). Healthy lifestyles had a significant effect on depressive symptoms (β=-0.301, p < 0.01), while depressive symptoms have a significant impact on cognitive function (β=-0.108, p < 0.01). Depressive symptoms partially mediated the effect of healthy lifestyles on cognitive function (β = 0.032, p < 0.01). The Sobel and bootstrap tests confirmed the robustness of the regression analysis results. CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between healthy lifestyles and cognitive function. Our findings suggest that prevention strategies for cognitive impairment in older adults should focus on healthy lifestyles and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Xian
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, 261053, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yulin Chai
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, 261053, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yunna Gong
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, 261053, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wenfeng He
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, 261053, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxiao Ma
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, 261053, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, 261053, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, 261053, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Ma
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, 261053, Weifang, Shandong, China.
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Rajasekar R, VanderMolen J, Barnhart K, Anguilim N. Dietary intake with supplementation of vitamin D, vitamin B6, and magnesium on depressive symptoms: a public health perspective. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1369666. [PMID: 38605872 PMCID: PMC11007665 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to understand the impact of dietary intake through supplementation of vitamins D, B6, and magnesium on elevated depressive symptoms, a mental health illness that is a leading contributor to global disability and a public health concern. Methods Multiple datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-March 2020 investigated the associations between vitamin D, B6, and magnesium on depression screening scores. A cross-sectional sample of adults over 20 was extracted (n = 9,232). Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations. Results Individuals with low amounts of vitamin D (p = 0.0481) were more likely to report elevated depressive symptoms relative to those with low amounts of vitamin B6 (p = 0.0225). These results remained significant among those with high magnesium (p = 0.0133) proportionate to high vitamin B6 (p = 0.0225). In the age-adjusted model, a lower intake of vitamin D, vitamin B6, and magnesium showed a relationship with elevated depressive symptoms (Vitamin D: OR = 0.611, 95% CI 0.382-0.980 Vitamin B6: OR = 0.503, 95% CI 0.291-0.867 Magnesium: OR = 0.458, 95% CI 0.277-0.759). The fully adjusted regression model (gender, race/ethnicity, and household food security) showed that a lower intake of vitamin B6 and magnesium correlated with elevated depressive symptoms (Vitamin B6: OR = 0.439, 95% CI 0.260-0.738 Magnesium: OR = 0.465, 95% CI 0.303-0.714). Conclusion Preventive measures could be addressed by identifying the risks of vitamin deficiencies. Further epidemiological research is needed for the individual effects of vitamin supplementation and depression screening scores. Future prospective cohort studies exploring these associations, focusing on daily dietary intake, are needed to validate the direction of causation further and understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Yang S, Huang P, Li B, Gan T, Lin W, Liu Y. The relationship of negative life events, trait-anxiety and depression among Chinese university students: A moderated effect of self-esteem. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:384-391. [PMID: 37442452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative life events are major triggers for depression. How individual physical qualities and psychological resources affect the relationship between negative life events and depression in college students remains to be studied. Therefore, we constructed a structural equation model to explore the mediating effect of trait anxiety and the moderating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between negative life events and depression among college students. METHODS A total of 6224 Chinese college students (aged 16-25) in Jiangxi Province in the central area of China completed the online survey. A moderated mediation model was tested to verify the hypothesis. RESULTS The mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect of negative life events on depression through trait-anxiety. Mediation was moderated by self-esteem, which significantly interacted with negative life events to reduce their effect on both anxiety and depression. LIMITATIONS All measures were self-reported. The cross-sectional design only provides evidence of correlation. CONCLUSIONS The results in this study revealed that self-esteem as a component of psychological defense mechanism to reduce the harm of environmental threats to individuals. Low self-esteem college students are more likely to have adverse effects when experiencing low-level life events. University mental health education reduces the effects of negative life events on trait anxiety and depression of college students by raising their self-esteem levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyun Yang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Pengfei Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Biqin Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Ting Gan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Wenzheng Lin
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yinhua Liu
- Psychological Counseling Center, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
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Dehghan-Banadaki S, Hosseinzadeh M, Madadizadeh F, Mozaffari-Khosravi H. Empirically derived dietary patterns and postpartum depression symptoms in a large sample of Iranian women. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:422. [PMID: 37312107 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04910-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a major depressive disorder that mainly begins within one month after delivery. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and the occurrence of high PPD symptoms in women participating in the initial phase of the Maternal and Child Health cohort study, Yazd, Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in the years 2017-2019 included 1028 women after childbirth The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were study tools. The EPDS questionnaire was used to measure postpartum depression symptoms and a cut-off score of 13 was considered to indicate high PPD symptoms. The baseline data related to dietary intake was collected at the beginning of the study at the first visit after pregnancy diagnosis and the data related to depression, were collected in the second month after delivery. Dietary patterns were extracted by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Frequency (percentage) and mean (SD) were used for description. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent sample t-test, and multiple logistic regression (MLR) were used for data analysis. RESULTS The incidence of high PPD symptoms was 24%. Four posterior patterns were extracted including prudent pattern, sweet and dessert pattern, junk food pattern and western pattern. A high adherence to the western pattern was associated with a higher risk of high PPD symptoms than a low adherence (ORT3/T1: 2.67; p < 0.001). A high adherence to the Prudent pattern was associated with a lower risk of high PPD symptoms than a low adherence (ORT3/T1: 0.55; p = 0.001). There are not any significant association between sweet and dessert and junk food patterns and high PPD symptoms risk (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION High adherence to prudent patterns was characterized by high intake of vegetables, fruit and juice, nuts and beans, low-fat dairy products, liquid oil, olive, eggs, fish, whole grains had a protective effect against high PPD symptoms, but the effect of western pattern was characterized by high intake of red and processed meats and organs was reverse. Therefore, it is suggested that health care providers have a particular emphasis on the healthy food patterns such as the prudent pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Dehghan-Banadaki
- International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Farzan Madadizadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Dietch DM, Kerr-Gaffney J, Hockey M, Marx W, Ruusunen A, Young AH, Berk M, Mondelli V. Efficacy of low carbohydrate and ketogenic diets in treating mood and anxiety disorders: systematic review and implications for clinical practice. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e70. [PMID: 37066662 PMCID: PMC10134254 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is mounting interest in the potential efficacy of low carbohydrate and very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. AIMS To conduct a systematic review and narrative synthesis of low carbohydrate and ketogenic diets (LC/KD) in adults with mood and anxiety disorders. METHOD MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for articles from inception to 6 September 2022. Studies that included adults with any mood or anxiety disorder treated with a low carbohydrate or ketogenic intervention, reporting effects on mood or anxiety symptoms were eligible for inclusion. PROSPERO registration CRD42019116367. RESULTS The search yielded 1377 articles, of which 48 were assessed for full-text eligibility. Twelve heterogeneous studies (stated as ketogenic interventions, albeit with incomplete carbohydrate reporting and measurements of ketosis; diet duration: 2 weeks to 3 years; n = 389; age range 19 to 75 years) were included in the final analysis. This included nine case reports, two cohort studies and one observational study. Data quality was variable, with no high-quality evidence identified. Efficacy, adverse effects and discontinuation rates were not systematically reported. There was some evidence for efficacy of ketogenic diets in those with bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder and possibly unipolar depression/anxiety. Relapse after discontinuation of the diet was reported in some individuals. CONCLUSIONS Although there is no high-quality evidence of LC/KD efficacy in mood or anxiety disorders, several uncontrolled studies suggest possible beneficial effects. Robust studies are now needed to demonstrate efficacy, to identify clinical groups who may benefit and whether a ketogenic diet (beyond low carbohydrate) is required and to characterise adverse effects and the risk of relapse after diet discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Dietch
- Lonsdale Medical Centre, London, UK; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jess Kerr-Gaffney
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Meghan Hockey
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; and Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Allan H. Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Berk
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK
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Swainson J, Reeson M, Malik U, Stefanuk I, Cummins M, Sivapalan S. Diet and depression: A systematic review of whole dietary interventions as treatment in patients with depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 327:270-278. [PMID: 36738997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & RATIONALE Depression is a common mental illness that afflicts over 300 million individuals worldwide. Despite a variety of therapeutic options available, a significant number of depressed patients fail to respond to treatment. Current guidelines for treating depression suggest that supplementation of essential nutrients may be an appropriate adjunctive to treatment, but research investigating full dietary interventions for depressed patients is scarce. STUDY OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to systematically review published scientific literature investigating full dietary interventions as treatment for individuals with a diagnosis of depression. In doing so, we assessed existing evidence for recommendation of a dietary intervention and reviewed theory of how diet may be important in this context. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using OVID to search Medline, PsychINFO, and EMBASE, and PubMed for relevant publications. Only studies including full dietary interventions for patients with Major Depressive Episode, Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder, Seasonal Affective Disorder, or Dysthymia, as diagnosed using criteria defined in the chapter of "Depressive Disorders" in the DSM, were included. RESULTS Only five studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. All five studies included in this review reported improvements in mood following dietary intervention as compared to the comparison group. However, heterogeneity in both the dietary intervention and the outcome(s) measured made it difficult to compare these studies against each other and to generalize them to larger populations. CONCLUSION The findings of this review provide preliminary evidence for the positive impact of dietary interventions in the treatment of depressed patients. However, the mechanism by which particular diets induce positive changes in mood, be it through anti-inflammatory mechanisms or via weight loss in overweight patients, is unclear. Future research investigating the impact of dietary interventions on a large-scale is warranted and needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Reeson
- Dept of Psychiatry, University of Alberta. Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Usama Malik
- Dept of Psychiatry, University of Alberta. Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ian Stefanuk
- Dept of Psychiatry, University of Alberta. Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mary Cummins
- Dept of Psychiatry, University of Alberta. Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Parastouei K, Rostami H, Chambari M. The association between a priori dietary patterns and psychological disorders in military personnel. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:203. [PMID: 36978014 PMCID: PMC10053979 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have identified a high prevalence of poor mental health, including depression, anxiety, and stress in military occupations. A low quality diet is one of the potential factors related to mental disorders. This study aimed to investigate the association of a priori dietary patterns, including dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH), the Mediterranean diet (MD), dietary inflammatory index (DII), and healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) with the odds of depression, anxiety, and stress in military staff. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on a total of 400 military staff, aged 38.67 ± 5.22 (ranging from 30 to 60) years, recruited from Iranian military centers. The dietary intake of participants and adherence to the DASH, MD, DII, and HEI-2015 was measured using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Mental health was evaluated with the use of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21). RESULTS The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 64.5%, 63.2%, and 61.3%, respectively. Individuals with the highest adherence to HEI-2015, compared to those with the lowest adherence, were significantly at lower odds of anxiety (OR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.27-0.96, p = 0.03), while higher adherence to DII was related to a 2.74-fold increased odds of anxiety (OR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.06-7.04, p = 0.03). Compared to those with the lowest adherence (quartile 1), quartile 2 of the HEI-2015 was associated with decreased odds of stress (p = 0.04). No association was identified between dietary patterns and depression. CONCLUSION Greater adherence to HEI-2015 and lower adherence to DII are associated with lower odds of anxiety in military staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hosein Rostami
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahla Chambari
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Gilham K, Gadermann A, Dummer T, Murphy RA. Mental health, cancer risk, and the mediating role of lifestyle factors in the CARTaGENE cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281588. [PMID: 36787319 PMCID: PMC9928103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the association between mental health disorders and cancer risk is inconclusive, despite well-established associations between mental health disorders and lifestyle factors such as smoking. This study examines the relationships between depression, anxiety and cancer risk, and the potential mediating effects of lifestyle factors. METHODS A study of 34,571 participants aged 40-69 years in the CARTaGENE cohort was conducted. Depression was defined by questionnaire (PHQ-9), antidepressant use, and a composite of questionnaire, antidepressant use, or lifetime self-reported physician diagnosis. Anxiety was defined by questionnaire (GAD-7). Co-morbid depression and anxiety was also assessed. Cox regression models were used to investigate associations between mental health and risk of prostate, lung, and all cancers combined. Mediating effects of lifestyle factors were assessed using Baron and Kenny mediation criteria. RESULTS There were positive associations between mental health disorders, all cancers and lung cancer risk, however with the exception of anxiety and lung cancer in women (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.01-2.76), associations were attenuated with adjustment for sociodemographics, health status and lifestyle factors. In the mediation analysis, smoking accounted for 27%, 18%, and 26%, of the total effect between depression (PHQ-9), anxiety, and co-morbidity and lung cancer, respectively in women. In men, smoking accounted for 17% of the total effect between depression (PHQ-9, antidepressant, or lifetime self-report of physician diagnosis) and all cancers. CONCLUSIONS Positive associations were observed between mental health disorders, all cancer and lung cancer risk, however most relationships were attenuated with adjustment for lifestyle factors. Smoking status mediated a significant proportion of the relationships between mental health disorders and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Gilham
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne Gadermann
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Trevor Dummer
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rachel A. Murphy
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Associations of somatic depressive symptoms with body mass index, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance in primary care patients with depression. J Behav Med 2022; 45:882-893. [PMID: 36074315 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The somatic depressive symptom cluster (including appetite and sleep disturbances) is more strongly associated with insulin resistance (a diabetes risk marker) than other depressive symptom clusters. Utilizing baseline data from 129 primary care patients with depression but no diabetes in the eIMPACT trial (Mage = 59 years, 78% female, 50% Black), we examined associations of somatic depressive symptoms with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body mass index (BMI), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). We tested BMI and hsCRP as mediators and race as a moderator of these relationships. Hyperphagia was positively associated HOMA-IR (β = 0.19, p = .048) and BMI (β = 0.30, p < .001); poor appetite was negatively associated with HOMA-IR (β = -0.24, p = .02); hypersomnia was positively associated with HOMA-IR (β = 0.28, p = .003), BMI (β = 0.26, p = .003), and hsCRP (β = 0.23, p = .01); and disturbed sleep was positively associated with hsCRP (β = 0.21, p = .04). BMI partially mediated hyperphagia and hypersomnia's associations with HOMA-IR; hsCRP partially mediated the hypersomnia-HOMA-IR association; and race moderated the hyperphagia-HOMA-IR association (positive for White participants but null for Black participants). People with depression experiencing hyperphagia and/or hypersomnia may be a subgroup with greater insulin resistance; BMI and hsCRP are likely pathways in these relationships. This study highlights the importance of considering the direction of somatic depressive symptoms in the context of cardiometabolic disease risk.
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Liu J, Chen T, Chen M, Ma Y, Ma T, Gao D, Li Y, Ma Q, Chen L, Wang X, Zhang Y, Ma J, Dong Y. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Depressive and Social Anxiety Symptoms Among Children and Adolescents Aged 7–17 Years, Stratified by Body Composition. Front Nutr 2022; 9:888671. [PMID: 35677554 PMCID: PMC9168881 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.888671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rare studies investigated the associations between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption with depressive and social anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents, particularly in different stratification of body composition, which was our purpose. Methods A cross-sectional survey of children and adolescents aged 7–17 years was conducted in Beijing, China, in 2020, with an average age of 12.07 (SD: 3.09) years. Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) questionnaires and social anxiety scale for children (SASC) were completed in the baseline questionnaires. SSB consumption and body composition were assessed using child-reported questionnaires and a GE Healthcare Lunar iDXA dual-energy X-ray bone densitometer. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the associations between SSB consumption with depressive and social anxiety symptoms. Confounders were evaluated by child-reported and parental questionnaires, including age, sex, parental educational attainment, maternal smoking status, single-child status, BMI, incomes, fruit consumption, physical activity, screen time, and the frequency of fried food consumption. Stratified analyses were performed to explore whether the associations were influenced by body composition. Results A total of 1,311 children and adolescents, including 658 boys and 653 girls, were included in the final analysis. There were 13.96 and 29.75% of the study population with depressive and social anxiety symptoms, respectively. Overall, about 63.77% of the children and adolescents consumed SSB, and the average SSB intake was 0.35 servings per day. In the fully adjusted model, compared to participants who did not consume SSB each day, SSB consumption of ≥1 servings/day was positively associated with depressive symptoms [odds ratio (OR) = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.30–4.01] and social anxiety (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.69–1.77), though the latter did not reach statistical significance. When individuals had higher body fat or lower fat-free mass (FFM) or muscle, the ORs of depressive symptoms were more evident among children and adolescents who drank SSB for ≥1 servings/day (P < 0.05). Conclusion Higher consumption of SSB could be associated with increased OR of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. The association remained robust, especially in groups with higher body fat or lower fat-free mass or muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Liu
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Chen
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Di Gao
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ma
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Ma
| | - Yanhui Dong
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
- Yanhui Dong
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Drew RJ, Morgan PJ, Young MD. Mechanisms of an eHealth program targeting depression in men with overweight or obesity: A randomised trial. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:309-317. [PMID: 34871640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SHED-IT: Recharge study demonstrated that a gender-tailored eHealth program could improve the depressive symptoms of men with overweight or obesity and low mood. This study examined whether changes in key behaviours and cognitions acted as significant mediators of this treatment effect. METHODS The study was a randomised controlled trial (RCT) including 125 men with overweight or obesity (mean (SD) weight 103.8 (15.8) kg), and current depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) ≥ 5; mean (SD) 9.2 (4.1) units). Assessments were held at baseline, 3 months (post-intervention), and 6 months (follow-up). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the validated PHQ-9 and Masculine Depressive Risk Scale (MDRS-22). Behavioural and cognitive mediators were assessed with validated measures. Intention-to-treat mediation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. RESULTS Single mediation analyses demonstrated that the intervention effect on both PHQ-9 and MDRS-22 scores was significantly mediated by changes in MVPA, energy-dense nutrient-poor foods, cognitive flexibility, and behavioural activation. In addition, changes in sleep quality mediated improvements in MDRS-22 scores. No mediation effects were observed for light physical activity, sedentary behaviour, fruit and vegetable intake, risky alcohol consumption or mindfulness. LIMITATIONS The study was a secondary analysis with power to detect moderate-to-large mediation effects only. CONCLUSION To prevent or treat depression in men with overweight or obesity, early evidence suggests MVPA, sleep quality, energy-dense nutrient-poor food intake, cognitive flexibility, and behavioural activation are important intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Drew
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip J Morgan
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Myles D Young
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Schneider G, Köhnke C, Teismann H, Berger K. Childhood trauma and personality explain more variance in depression scores than sociodemographic and lifestyle factors - Results from the BiDirect Study. J Psychosom Res 2021; 147:110513. [PMID: 34022671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, childhood adversities, and personality aspects have been identified as contributing to the onset and course of depression. However, only few studies examined all aspects concomitantly in different populations. This was the objective of the study presented here. METHODS The BiDirect Study includes three distinct cohorts: Cross-sectional data for 670 patients with depression (DEP), 283 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and 787 population controls (POP) were available for the present analysis. Participants answered interviews and filled in questionnaires assessing depression details, childhood trauma, the Big Five personality traits, trait resilience as well as socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical linear regression analyses were employed to identify those factors, which contributed significantly to the explanation of depression severity scores (assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CESD). RESULTS In all three cohorts, the psychological variables explained most variance in depression scores (35-44%), while sociodemographic and lifestyle factors explained only very little variance (1-2%). When all postulated predictors were entered in the same regression model, higher neuroticism and lower resilience scores were associated with higher depression severity levels in all three cohorts, while higher childhood trauma proved significant in the cardiovascular and population cohort. CONCLUSION Childhood trauma, neuroticism, and low resilience are significantly associated with depression in different populations. Although a considerable part of the variance in depression severity levels was explained by the variables studied here, more research on the impact of lifestyle and social factors on depression is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Schneider
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Department for Mental Health, University Hospital Münster, Germany.
| | - Corinna Köhnke
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Henning Teismann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Germany.
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Germany.
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15
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Si T, Yang K, Lang X, Dong X, Wang N, Zhang X, Qu M. Prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 286:351-359. [PMID: 33757648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Obesity and overweight are common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD); the results are inconsistent due to confounding variables involved in studies. Furthermore, no well-designed study has been published to investigate the prevalence, risk factors and underlying mechanisms of obesity/overweight in Chinese MDD patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of obesity/overweight and related risk factors in first-episode, drug-naïve (FEDN) patients with MDD in China. METHODS A total of 1718 patients were recruited. Their clinical and anthropometric data, thyroid function and biochemical parameters were collected. All patients were evaluated on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 3.73% and 56.00%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that TSH was the only independent risk factor for weight gain in MDD patents. The fitting curve of the relationship between TSH and BMI formed an inverted U-shaped parabola. The ordinal logit mode showed that when TSH<=2.68 was set as a reference, the odd rates of weight increased with the increase of TSH, and the highest rate was 3.929 (95%CI: 2.879-5.361, P<0.0001). LIMITATION Causality cannot be drawn due to cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that overweight is very common among patients with FEDN MDD rather than obesity. TSH is a promising predictor and potential biomarker of high weight in MDD patients, and there is an inverted U-shaped parabolic relationship between TSH and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Si
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Evidence-based Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoE Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xinglu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ningqun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Miao Qu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Dietary Patterns are Differentially Associated with Atypical and Melancholic Subtypes of Depression. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030768. [PMID: 33653007 PMCID: PMC7996872 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet has been associated with the risk of depression, whereas different subtypes of depression have been linked with different cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs). In this study, our aims were to (1) identify dietary patterns with exploratory factor analysis, (2) assess cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns and depression subtypes, and (3) examine the potentially mediating effect of dietary patterns in the associations between CVRFs and depression subtypes. In the first follow-up of the population-based CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study (2009–2013, 3554 participants, 45.6% men, mean age 57.5 years), a food frequency questionnaire assessed dietary intake and a semi-structured interview allowed to characterize major depressive disorder into current or remitted atypical, melancholic, and unspecified subtypes. Three dietary patterns were identified: Western, Mediterranean, and Sweet-Dairy. Western diet was positively associated with current atypical depression, but negatively associated with current and remitted melancholic depression. Sweet-Dairy was positively associated with current melancholic depression. However, these dietary patterns did not mediate the associations between CVRFs and depression subtypes. Hence, although we could show that people with different subtypes of depression make different choices regarding their diet, it is unlikely that these differential dietary choices account for the well-established associations between depression subtypes and CVRFs.
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Köhnke C, Herrmann M, Berger K. Associations of major depressive disorder and related clinical characteristics with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in middle-aged adults. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1209-1218. [PMID: 33295833 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1843892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been suggested to contribute to the onset of depression, but published results are inconsistent. The aims of this study were 1) to compare serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in patients with depression and non-depressed controls and 2) to examine whether distinct subtypes and symptom severity of depression may vary in their association with 25(OH)D.Methods: The study involved cross-sectional data of n=1169 participants from the BiDirect Study (n=639 patients with clinically diagnosed major depressive disorder (MDD), n=530 controls). Serum 25(OH)D was measured via LS-MS/MS. We performed analysis of covariance to evaluate adjusted means of 25(OH)D levels and multinomial logistic regression to assess the association of depression and its clinical characteristics, namely distinct subtypes and symptom severity, with 25(OH)D status (adjusted for age, sex, education, season of blood sample collection, and lifestyle factors).Results: In total, 45.0% of the participants had adequate 25(OH)D levels (≥20 ng/ml), whereas 24.9% had a deficiency (<12 ng/ml). Patients with MDD had lower 25(OH)D levels than controls (16.7 vs. 19.6 ng/ml, p<0.001). Patients with atypical depression had the lowest levels (14.6 ng/ml). Symptom severity was inversely related to 25(OH)D. Moreover, patients with MDD had a more than 2-times higher odds of 25(OH)D deficiency than controls. Atypical depression showed the highest odds of deficiency.Conclusions: The results support that patients with depression have lower 25(OH)D concentrations than non-depressed individuals. Distinct subtypes, particularly the atypical subtype, may play a special role in this context. Therefore, depression heterogeneity should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Köhnke
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Ruzanska UA, Warschburger P. How is intuitive eating related to self-reported and laboratory food intake in middle-aged adults? Eat Behav 2020; 38:101405. [PMID: 32599465 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
As intuitive eating (IE) is characterized by eating in response to internal cues of hunger and satiety and by monitoring the effect of food on the body, it has been hypothesized to lead to healthy food intake. Evidence concerning its link to food intake is scarce. This experimental study investigated the relationship between IE and food intake in middle-aged adults. Fifty-five participants aged 50-70 years completed the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 to measure IE. Usual consumption frequency of fruits, vegetables, snacks and sweets was assessed as a measure of healthy self-reported food intake. A taste test of apples, carrots, coated peanuts and chocolate was conducted as a measure of healthy and total laboratory food intake. Regression analyses were performed using Frequentist and Bayesian methods of inference. In line with our hypothesis, IE was associated with healthier self-reported food intake (medium effect size: f2 = 0.24). The data were 49.80 times more likely under H1 than under H0. Contrary to our hypotheses, IE was neither associated with healthy nor total laboratory food intake in classical regression analyses. The accompanying Bayes factors revealed inconclusive evidence. Data only allow drawing cautious conclusions about the different relationship between IE and the self-reported consumption frequency of the foods vs. the amount of these foods consumed in a single test situation. Future studies combining different measures of IE (e.g., behavioral paradigms) and self-reported (e.g., diet quality, portion sizes) and laboratory (e.g., repeated taste tests with pre-selected foods) food intake are warranted to further explore their relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Alexandra Ruzanska
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Petra Warschburger
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Wu T, Hou X, Zhang F, Sharma M, Zhao Y, Shi Z. Association Between Self-Reported Food Preferences and Psychological Well-Being During Perimenopausal Period Among Chinese Women. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1196. [PMID: 32655441 PMCID: PMC7325935 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was sought to assess the association between food preferences and Psychological well-being (PWB) in Chinese women undergoing perimenopause and whether the association is different between rural and urban areas. METHODS This is a longitudinal study of 929 women in perimenopausal period participating in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) during 2009 and 2011. Preference for five kinds of food were assessed in face-to-face interviews and the PWB was measured by scoring three self-reported questions with a total score of 15. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regressions were used to estimate the longitudinal association between food preference and PWB scores. In fully adjusted models, dislike for fruits and like for sweetened beverages had regression coefficient (95% CI) for the PWB score of -1.26, (-2.21-0.321) and 0.66 (0.20-1.11), respectively. The above associations were only found among participants in urban areas, with corresponding regression coefficients of -2.61(95% CI = -4.83, -0.39) for dislike fruit and 1.02(95% CI = 0.09, 1.95) for like sweetened beverages. CONCLUSION In conclusion, PWB score was negatively associated with the dislike for fruit but positively associated with the preference for sweetened beverages, especially among participants from urban areas. The longitudinal data indicate that the PWB score of perimenopausal women might be improved by increasing the intake of fruit. Given the adverse effects of sweetened beverages, more research was need between PWB and the sweetened beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Hou
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Burrows K, Stewart JL, Antonacci C, Kuplicki R, Thompson K, Taylor A, Teague TK, Paulus MP. Association of poorer dietary quality and higher dietary inflammation with greater symptom severity in depressed individuals with appetite loss. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:99-106. [PMID: 31818803 PMCID: PMC6989386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of years lived with disability; however, little is known about its etiology to inform treatment. For a subset of MDD patients, appetite change and/or bodily inflammation may play a role in exacerbating symptoms. The goal of this study is to examine whether, relative to healthy comparisons (HC), MDD individuals with increased versus decreased appetite symptoms show a differential relationship between diet quality and inflammation. METHODS Unmedicated current MDD (n = 61) varying in appetite change (decrease (MDD-DE): n = 39; increase (MDD-IN): n = 22) and HC (n = 42) completed 24-hour dietary recall and state depression/anxiety measures. Healthy eating and dietary inflammatory indices were calculated from dietary reports. Blood samples measured five inflammation-related biomarkers. Analyses investigated between- and within-group differences in the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), inflammation-related blood biomarkers, and symptom severity. RESULTS While both MDD-DE and MDD-IN exhibited lower HEI scores than HC, only MDD-IN showed higher plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels than HC. In contrast, MDD-DE exhibited higher DII scores than MDD-IN and HC. Within MDD-DE, greater symptom severity was associated with lower HEI and higher DII. LIMITATIONS Modest sample sizes and the cross-sectional study design limited power to detect within-MDD effects. CONCLUSIONS Although MDD, regardless of appetite change, is linked to poorer dietary quality, depression severity was related to dietary characteristics only in subjects who reported appetite loss. Thus, increasing the quality of dietary intake could be a treatment target for some individuals with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Burrows
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | | | - Chase Antonacci
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Katie Thompson
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Ashlee Taylor
- Integrative Immunology Center, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - T Kent Teague
- Integrative Immunology Center, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, United States; Departments of Surgery and Psychiatry, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.
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Avalos LA, Caan B, Nance N, Zhu Y, Li DK, Quesenberry C, Hyde RJ, Hedderson MM. Prenatal Depression and Diet Quality During Pregnancy. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:972-984. [PMID: 32063456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal nutrition during pregnancy has a significant effect on the health of the offspring and mother, highlighting the need for identifying factors that may affect diet during pregnancy. Research in nonpregnant and pregnant populations suggest depression may play a role. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between prenatal depression and diet quality during pregnancy overall and by race/ethnicity and to explore the relationships between prenatal depression and the 12 Healthy Eating Index 2010 dietary components. DESIGN A cross-sectional secondary analysis of a cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Northern California women entering prenatal care between October 2011 and April 2013. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants included 1,160 adult pregnant women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Poor diet quality was defined as a Healthy Eating Index 2010 score in the lowest quartile. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between prenatal depression (defined as a depression diagnosis, Patient Health Questionnaire score of 10 or greater or antidepressant medication dispensing between the last menstrual period and completion of the food frequency questionnaire) and poor diet quality overall and by race/ethnicity. Relationships between prenatal depression and each of the 12 Healthy Eating Index 2010 dietary components were assessed using t-tests and linear regression analyses. RESULTS One hundred fifty-nine (14%) participants had prenatal depression. Women with prenatal depression had nearly two times the odds of poor diet quality (odds ratio 1.80, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.60) compared with women without prenatal depression, after adjusting for potential confounders. Differences emerged by race/ethnicity; after adjusting for potential confounders the adjusted odds of poor diet quality were significant only among Hispanic women. Hispanic women with prenatal depression had an increased odds of poor diet quality compared with Hispanic women without prenatal depression (odds ratio 2.66, 95% CI 1.15 to 6.06). Women with prenatal depression had a higher consumption of empty calories (from solid fats, alcohol, and added sugars; threshold for counting alcohol >13 g/1,000 kcal) (P=0.01) and lower consumption of greens and beans (P<0.05), total fruit (P<0.01), and whole fruit (P<0.01), compared with women without prenatal depression. Except for empty calories, these findings remained after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest that women with prenatal depression are at a higher risk of poor diet quality compared with women without prenatal depression, and the relationship is stronger among Hispanic women. Nutrition counseling interventions for women with depression should consider the use of culturally sensitive materials and target limiting empty calories from solid fats, alcohol, and added sugars and encourage eating more greens, beans, and fruit.
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Xu H, Guo J, Wan Y, Zhang S, Yang R, Xu H, Ding P, Tao F. Association Between Screen Time, Fast Foods, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:458. [PMID: 32528328 PMCID: PMC7264365 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although previous studies have shown that screen time (ST), fast foods (FFs) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption are associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents, research on these associations in Chinese adolescents is scarce. This study aimed to examine the association between ST, FFs, SSBs and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents, and explore the mediating effects of FFs and SSBs in the association between ST and depressive symptoms. METHODS This school-based nationwide survey was carried out among 14,500 students in four provinces of China. The Children's Depression Inventory was used to assess the participants' depressive symptoms. ST, FFs and SSBs consumption was measured by a self-reported questionnaire. The Bayesian multiple mediation model was used to analyze the mediation effect. RESULTS ST, FFs and SSBs, were more likely to be associated with depressive symptoms, and ORs (95%CI) was 1.075 (1.036-1.116), 1.062 (1.046-1.078) and 1.140 (1.115-1.166), after we adjusted for sociodemographic variables. Additionally, in Bayesian multiple mediation model, direct effect, mediating effect, total effect, the ratio of mediating effect to total effect was 0.125, 0.034, 0.159, and 0.214, respectively. All path coefficients of the three mediation paths are statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that ST, FFs and SSBs consumption are associated with depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. It is likely that FFs and SSBs partially mediate the association between ST and depressive symptoms by chain-mediating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglv Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jichang Guo
- School of Education Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Bidirectional associations between food groups and depressive symptoms: longitudinal findings from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:439-450. [PMID: 30588894 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated bidirectional associations between intake of food groups and depressive symptoms in 1058 Italian participants (aged 20-102 years) of the Invecchiare in Chianti study. Dietary intake, assessed with a validated FFQ, and depressive symptoms, measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D), were assessed at baseline and after 3, 6 and 9 years. Associations of repeated measurements of intakes of thirteen food groups with 3-year changes in depressive symptoms, and vice versa, were analysed using linear mixed models and logistic generalised estimating equations. Fish intake was inversely (quartile (Q)4 v. Q1, B=-0·97, 95 % CI -1·74, -0·21) and sweet food intake positively (Q4 v. Q1, B=1·03, 95 % CI 0·25, 1·81) associated with subsequent CES-D score. In the other direction, higher CES-D scores were associated with decreases in intakes of vegetables (ratio: 0·995, 95 % CI 0·990, 0·999) and red and processed meat (B=-0·006, 95 % CI -0·010, -0·001), an increase in dairy product intake (ratio: 1·008, 95 % CI 1·004, 1·013), and increasing odds of eating savoury snacks (OR: 1·012, 95 % CI 1·000, 1·024). Fruit, nuts and legumes, potatoes, wholegrain bread, olive oil, sugar-sweetened beverages, and coffee and tea were not significantly associated in either direction. Our study confirmed bidirectional associations between food group intakes and depressive symptoms. Fish and sweet food intakes were associated with 3-year improvement and deterioration in depressive symptoms, respectively. Depressive symptoms were associated with 3-year changes in vegetable, meat, dairy product and savoury snack intakes. Trials are necessary to examine the causal associations between food groups and depression.
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Hasebe K, Rivera LR, Smith CM, Allnutt T, Crowley T, Nelson TM, Dean OM, McGee SL, Walder K, Gray L. Modulation of high fat diet-induced microbiome changes, but not behaviour, by minocycline. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 82:309-318. [PMID: 31493447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging novel therapeutic agent for major depressive disorder, minocycline, has the potential to influence both gut microbiome and inflammatory status. The present study showed that chronic high fat diet feeding led to changes in both behaviour and the gut microbiome in male mice, without an overt inflammatory response. The diet-induced behavioural changes were characterised as increased immobility in the forced swim test and changes in locomotor activities in the open field test. Minocycline significantly altered the gut microbiome, rendering a community distinctly different to both untreated healthy and diet-affected states. In contrast, minocycline did not reverse high fat diet-induced changes in behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hasebe
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Leni R Rivera
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Craig M Smith
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Tamsyn Crowley
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Tiffanie M Nelson
- Geelong Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sean L McGee
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Laura Gray
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia.
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Dietary Patterns Vary by Depressive Symptom Severity in Youth With Depressive Disorders. TOP CLIN NUTR 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Simoons M, Ruhé HG, van Roon EN, Schoevers RA, Bruggeman R, Cath DC, Muis D, Arends J, Doornbos B, Mulder H. Design and methods of the 'monitoring outcomes of psychiatric pharmacotherapy' (MOPHAR) monitoring program - a study protocol. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:125. [PMID: 30764821 PMCID: PMC6376699 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-3951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At many outpatient departments for psychiatry worldwide, standardized monitoring of the safety of prescribed psychotropic drugs is not routinely performed in daily clinical practice. Therefore it is unclear to which extent the drugs used by psychiatric outpatients are prescribed effectively and safely. These issues warrant structured monitoring of medication use, (pre-existing) co-morbidities, effectiveness and side effects during psychiatric outpatient treatment. Improvement of monitoring practices provides an opportunity to ensure that somatic complications and adverse drug effects are detected and dealt with in a timely manner. Structural support for data collection and follow-up tests seems essential for improvement of monitoring practices in psychiatric outpatients. The implementation of a structured somatic monitoring program as part of routine clinical practice, as we describe in this study protocol, may be a solution. Methods In order to address these issues, we developed the innovative program ‘Monitoring Outcomes of Psychiatric Pharmacotherapy (MOPHAR)’. MOPHAR is an infrastructure for implementation of standardized routine outcome monitoring (ROM; including standardized monitoring of treatment effect), monitoring of adverse psychotropic medication effects in psychiatric outpatients, encompassing both somatic adverse effects (e.g. metabolic disturbances) and subjective adverse effects (e.g. sedation or sexual side effects) and medication reconciliation. Discussion In the MOPHAR monitoring program, a nurse performs general and psychotropic drug-specific somatic screenings and provides the treating mental health care providers with more and better information on somatic monitoring for treatment decisions. Given our experience regarding implementation of the MOPHAR program, we expect that the MOPHAR program is feasible and beneficial for patients in any MHS organisation. This paper describes the objectives, target population, setting and the composition and roles of the treatment team. It also indicates what measurements are performed at which time points during outpatient treatment in the MOPHAR monitoring program, as well as the research aspects of this project. Trial registration MOPHAR research has been prospectively registered with the Netherlands Trial Register on 19th of November 2014. (NL4779). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-019-3951-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Simoons
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wilhelmina Hospital Assen, Assen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacotherapy, -Epidemiology & -Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus G Ruhé
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric N van Roon
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacotherapy, -Epidemiology & -Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, PO Box 888, 8901, BR, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert A Schoevers
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- Rob Giel Research Centre, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University Centre for Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle C Cath
- Department of Specialized Training, Psychiatric Hospital MHS Drenthe, Outpatient Clinics, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Diny Muis
- Department of Specialized Training, Psychiatric Hospital MHS Drenthe, Outpatient Clinics, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Arends
- Department of Specialized Training, Psychiatric Hospital MHS Drenthe, Outpatient Clinics, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Bennard Doornbos
- Department of Specialized Training, Psychiatric Hospital MHS Drenthe, Outpatient Clinics, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Mulder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wilhelmina Hospital Assen, Assen, The Netherlands.,Department of Specialized Training, Psychiatric Hospital MHS Drenthe, Outpatient Clinics, Assen, The Netherlands
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Matta J, Czernichow S, Kesse-Guyot E, Hoertel N, Limosin F, Goldberg M, Zins M, Lemogne C. Depressive Symptoms and Vegetarian Diets: Results from the Constances Cohort. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111695. [PMID: 30404246 PMCID: PMC6267287 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between depressive symptoms and vegetarian diets is controversial. This study examines the cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms and vegetarian diets while controlling for potential confounders. Among 90,380 subjects from the population-based Constances cohort, depressive symptoms were defined by a score ≥19 on the Centre of Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale and diet types (omnivorous, pesco-vegetarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and vegan) were determined with a food frequency questionnaire. Associations between depressive symptoms and diet were estimated through logistic regressions adjusting for socio-demographics, other foods, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity and health-related concerns; specificity analyses considered the exclusion of any other food group. Depressive symptoms were associated with pesco-vegetarian and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets in multivariable analyses (Odds-Ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.43 [1.19–1.72] and 1.36 [1.09–1.70], respectively), especially in case of low legumes intake (p for interaction < 0.0001), as well as with the exclusion of any food group (e.g., 1.37 [1.24–1.52], 1.40 [1.31–1.50], 1.71 [1.49–1.97] for meat, fish and vegetables exclusion, respectively). Regardless of food type, the Odds-Ratio of depressive symptoms gradually increased with the number of excluded food groups (p for trend < 0.0001). Depressive symptoms are associated with the exclusion of any food group from the diet, including but not restricted to animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joane Matta
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, 75015 Paris, France.
- Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Sébastien Czernichow
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- AP-HP, Nutrition Department, Georges Pompidou european Hospital, Centre Spécialisé Obésité IdF, 75015 Paris, France.
- Inserm, UMR 1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Centre (CRESS), METHODS Team, 75004 Paris, France.
| | | | - Nicolas Hoertel
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, 75015 Paris, France.
- Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, 75015 Paris, France.
- Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Marie Zins
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Cedric Lemogne
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, 75015 Paris, France.
- Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 75014 Paris, France.
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Gibson-Smith D, Bot M, Brouwer IA, Visser M, Penninx BWJH. Diet quality in persons with and without depressive and anxiety disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 106:1-7. [PMID: 30240962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the association of depressive and anxiety disorders and their clinical characteristics (disorder type, severity, chronicity and clinical subtypes) with diet quality. METHOD Data from 1634 adults (controls = 336, current disorder = 414, remitted = 886) were sourced from the 9-year follow-up of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Depressive and anxiety disorders were established with Composite International Diagnostic Interviews. Severity was measured with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS), Fear Questionnaire and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Chronicity was measured with life-chart interviews expressed as percentage time with a disorder(s). Diet quality was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). RESULTS Diet quality was significantly worse among subjects with a current disorder than among healthy controls. Subdividing subjects showed that those with concurrent depressive and anxiety disorders had the lowest diet quality score (MDS: β = -0.41 per SD, 95% Confidence interval (95%CI) = -0.60, -0.21; AHEI β = -0.22 per SD 95% CI = -0.42,-0.03). More chronic depression or anxiety disorders and increased severity in all participants showed a dose-response association with poorer diet quality. There was no distinct pattern between IDS items related to depression subtypes and diet quality. CONCLUSION Diet quality is poorer in persons with depressive and anxiety disorders; in particular in those with comorbidity. The more severe and chronic the symptoms, the poorer the diet quality. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the direction of the relationship of depressive and anxiety disorders with diet quality and to examine whether improving diet quality could improve mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Gibson-Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ingeborg A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Health, pre-disease and critical transition to disease in the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine network: Are there distinct states in the progression from health to major depressive disorder? Physiol Behav 2018; 198:108-119. [PMID: 30393143 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The psycho-immune-neuroendocrine (PINE) network is a regulatory network of interrelated physiological pathways that have been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). A model of disease progression for MDD is presented where the stable, healthy state of the PINE network (PINE physiome) undergoes progressive pathophysiological changes to an unstable but reversible pre-disease state (PINE pre-diseasome) with chronic stress. The PINE network may then undergo critical transition to a stable, possibly irreversible disease state of MDD (PINE pathome). Critical transition to disease is heralded by early warning signs which are detectible by biomarkers specific to the PINE network and may be used as a screening test for MDD. Critical transition to MDD may be different for each individual, as it is reliant on diathesis, which comprises genetic predisposition, intrauterine and developmental factors. Finally, we propose the PINE pre-disease state may form a "universal pre-disease state" for several non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and critical transition of the PINE network may lead to one of several frequently associated disease states (influenced by diathesis), supporting the existence of a common Chronic Illness Risk Network (CIRN). This may provide insight into both the puzzle of multifinality and the growing clinical challenge of multimorbidity.
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Moreno-Agostino D, Caballero FF, Martín-María N, Tyrovolas S, López-García P, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Haro JM, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Miret M. Mediterranean diet and wellbeing: evidence from a nationwide survey. Psychol Health 2018; 34:321-335. [PMID: 30320519 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1525492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although there is some evidence of the association between specific food groups, such as plant foods, and subjective wellbeing, this is the first study to assess the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and subjective wellbeing. DESIGN Data were collected in 2014-2015, within the Edad con Salud project, a follow-up study of a multistage clustered survey on a representative sample of the population of Spain. The final sample comprised 2397 individuals with ages ranging from 21 to 101 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Experienced wellbeing (positive and negative affect) was measured using the Day Reconstruction Method, and evaluative wellbeing was assessed with the Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale. RESULTS A higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet showed a small but statistically significant inverse relationship with negative affect (β = -0.076, p=.001), and direct with evaluative wellbeing (β = 0.053, p=.015), whereas it was not related to positive affect. Several components of the Mediterranean diet were independently associated with wellbeing. CONCLUSION The results suggest that adherence to a dietary pattern such as the Mediterranean diet, and not only the isolated consumption of its components, is associated with a better subjective wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Moreno-Agostino
- a Department of Psychiatry , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,b Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Madrid , Spain.,c Department of Psychiatry , Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (ISS-Princesa) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Francisco Félix Caballero
- a Department of Psychiatry , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,b Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Madrid , Spain.,c Department of Psychiatry , Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (ISS-Princesa) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Natalia Martín-María
- a Department of Psychiatry , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,b Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Madrid , Spain.,c Department of Psychiatry , Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (ISS-Princesa) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- b Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Madrid , Spain.,d Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Pilar López-García
- a Department of Psychiatry , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,b Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Madrid , Spain.,c Department of Psychiatry , Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (ISS-Princesa) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- e Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ , Madrid , Spain.,f Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- b Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Madrid , Spain.,d Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu , Barcelona , Spain.,g Facultat de Medicina , Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- a Department of Psychiatry , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,b Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Madrid , Spain.,c Department of Psychiatry , Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (ISS-Princesa) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- a Department of Psychiatry , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,b Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Madrid , Spain.,c Department of Psychiatry , Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (ISS-Princesa) , Madrid , Spain
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Lamers F, Milaneschi Y, de Jonge P, Giltay EJ, Penninx BWJH. Metabolic and inflammatory markers: associations with individual depressive symptoms. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1102-1110. [PMID: 28889804 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature has shown that obesity, metabolic syndrome and inflammation are associated with depression, however, evidence suggests that these associations are specific to atypical depression. Which of the atypical symptoms are driving associations with obesity-related outcomes and inflammation is unknown. We evaluated associations between individual symptoms of depression (both atypical and non-atypical) and body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome components and inflammatory markers. METHODS We included 808 persons with a current diagnosis of depression participating in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (67% female, mean age 41.6 years). Depressive symptoms were derived from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses adjusting for sex, age, educational level, depression severity, current smoking, physical activity, anti-inflammatory medication use, and statin use were performed. RESULTS Increased appetite was positively associated with BMI, number of metabolic syndrome components, waist circumference, C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α. Decreased appetite was negatively associated with BMI and waist circumference. Psychomotor retardation was positively associated with BMI, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, and insomnia with number of metabolic syndrome components. CONCLUSION Increased appetite - in the context of a depressive episode - was the only symptom that was associated with both metabolic as well as inflammatory markers, and could be a key feature of an immuno-metabolic form of depression. This immuno-metabolic depression should be considered in clinical trials evaluating effectiveness of compounds targeting metabolic and inflammatory pathways or lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience research institute,VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest,Amsterdam,the Netherlands
| | - Y Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience research institute,VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest,Amsterdam,the Netherlands
| | - P de Jonge
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE),University of Groningen, University Medical Center,Groningen,the Netherlands
| | - E J Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry,Leiden University Medical Center,Leiden,the Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience research institute,VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest,Amsterdam,the Netherlands
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Perez L. The Role of Dietary Patterns in Mood Disorders: Prospective Research in Youth Populations. Am J Lifestyle Med 2018; 12:286-290. [PMID: 32063811 DOI: 10.1177/1559827618765937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood mood disorders, including depression and bipolar spectrum disorders, represent serious public health concerns and often extend into adulthood. Due to increasing rates of a mood disorder diagnosis, and its accompanying risk of suicide, identification and management in childhood and adolescence is critical. Yet, fully effective and safe treatment options are lacking for child-onset mood disorders. Research investigating relationships between nutrition and psychiatry is a plausible avenue to improve prevention and treatment options. Epidemiological and observational evidence exists to support a protective effect of the Mediterranean diet in mood disorder prevalence and future diagnosis. To date, the majority of research has been conducted in adult populations. Future research is needed to examine if similar dietary relationships exist within a youth mood disorder population. Additionally, increased homogeneity in assessment methods of mood disorder symptoms and dietary patterns is needed; specifically, to determine more collective conclusions via meta-analyses. Results from youth studies could be used to formulate future randomized controlled trials, health promotion programs or clinical interventions, via diet or supplement interventions, for alternative mood disorder treatment or prevention purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna Perez
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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Winkens LHH, van Strien T, Brouwer IA, Penninx BWJH, Visser M, Lähteenmäki L. Associations of mindful eating domains with depressive symptoms and depression in three European countries. J Affect Disord 2018; 228:26-32. [PMID: 29202443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations of mindful eating domains with depressive symptoms and depression in three European countries. Moderation by change in appetite-with increased appetite as marker for depression with atypical features - was also tested. METHODS Data were collected in Denmark (n = 1522), Spain (n = 1512) and the Netherlands (n = 1439). Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses segregated by country were used to test associations of four mindful eating domains (Mindful Eating Behaviour Scale; MEBS) with depressive symptoms (continuous score on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D) and depression (score above the CES-D cut-off value, and/or use of antidepressants, and/or psychological treatment). Moderation by change in appetite was tested with bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals. RESULTS The domains Focused Eating, Eating with Awareness and Eating without Distraction were significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms and depression in all three countries (e.g. Focused Eating Denmark: B = - 0.71, 95% CI: - 0.87, - 0.54; OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.93). The domain Hunger and Satiety Cues (only measured in the Netherlands) was significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms in the adjusted models (B = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.16), but not with depression (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.05). These associations were found for both people with and without increased appetite. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design, which makes it impossible to draw causal conclusions. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that higher scores on three mindful eating domains are consistently associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms and a lower likelihood of having depression in three European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H H Winkens
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute The Netherlands.
| | - T van Strien
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute The Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center / GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, The Netherlands
| | - M Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, The Netherlands
| | - L Lähteenmäki
- MAPP Centre, Department of Management, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Case SM, Sawhney M, Stewart JC. Atypical depression and double depression predict new-onset cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults. Depress Anxiety 2018. [PMID: 28640965 PMCID: PMC5741545 DOI: 10.1002/da.22666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although depression is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is unknown whether this risk varies across depressive disorder subtypes. Thus, we investigated atypical major depressive disorder (MDD) and double depression as predictors of new-onset CVD in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. METHODS Prospective data from 28,726 adults initially free of CVD who participated in Wave 1 (2001-2002) and Wave 2 (2004-2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) were examined. Lifetime depressive disorder subtypes (Wave 1) and incident CVD (Wave 2) were determined by structured interviews. RESULTS We identified 1,116 incident CVD cases. In demographics adjusted models, the atypical MDD group had a higher odds of incident CVD than the no depression history (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.71-2.81, P < .001), dysthymic disorder only (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.08-2.39, P = .019), and nonatypical MDD (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.11-1.91, P = .006) groups. Likewise, the double depression group had a higher odds of incident CVD than the no depression history (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.92-2.45, P < .001), dysthymic disorder only (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.16-2.19, P = .004), and MDD only (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.20-1.77, P < .001) groups. Relationships were similar but attenuated after adjustment for CVD risk factors and anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS Adults with atypical MDD or double depression may be subgroups of the depressed population at particularly high risk of new-onset CVD. Thus, these subgroups may (a) be driving the overall depression-CVD relationship and (b) be in need of earlier and/or more intense CVD primary prevention efforts to reduce their excess CVD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Case
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Manisha Sawhney
- Department of Psychology, Liffrig Family School of Education and Behavioral Sciences, University of Mary, Bismarck, ND, USA
| | - Jesse C Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Feder S, Sundermann B, Wersching H, Teuber A, Kugel H, Teismann H, Heindel W, Berger K, Pfleiderer B. Sample heterogeneity in unipolar depression as assessed by functional connectivity analyses is dominated by general disease effects. J Affect Disord 2017; 222:79-87. [PMID: 28679115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Combinations of resting-state fMRI and machine-learning techniques are increasingly employed to develop diagnostic models for mental disorders. However, little is known about the neurobiological heterogeneity of depression and diagnostic machine learning has mainly been tested in homogeneous samples. Our main objective was to explore the inherent structure of a diverse unipolar depression sample. The secondary objective was to assess, if such information can improve diagnostic classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed data from 360 patients with unipolar depression and 360 non-depressed population controls, who were subdivided into two independent subsets. Cluster analyses (unsupervised learning) of functional connectivity were used to generate hypotheses about potential patient subgroups from the first subset. The relationship of clusters with demographical and clinical measures was assessed. Subsequently, diagnostic classifiers (supervised learning), which incorporated information about these putative depression subgroups, were trained. RESULTS Exploratory cluster analyses revealed two weakly separable subgroups of depressed patients. These subgroups differed in the average duration of depression and in the proportion of patients with concurrently severe depression and anxiety symptoms. The diagnostic classification models performed at chance level. LIMITATIONS It remains unresolved, if subgroups represent distinct biological subtypes, variability of continuous clinical variables or in part an overfitting of sparsely structured data. CONCLUSIONS Functional connectivity in unipolar depression is associated with general disease effects. Cluster analyses provide hypotheses about potential depression subtypes. Diagnostic models did not benefit from this additional information regarding heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Feder
- University Hospital Münster, Department of Clinical Radiology, Münster, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Sundermann
- University Hospital Münster, Department of Clinical Radiology, Münster, Germany.
| | - Heike Wersching
- University of Münster, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Anja Teuber
- University of Münster, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Kugel
- University Hospital Münster, Department of Clinical Radiology, Münster, Germany
| | - Henning Teismann
- University of Münster, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- University Hospital Münster, Department of Clinical Radiology, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- University of Münster, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Bettina Pfleiderer
- University Hospital Münster, Department of Clinical Radiology, Münster, Germany; University of Münster, Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, Münster, Germany
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Knüppel A, Shipley MJ, Llewellyn CH, Brunner EJ. Sugar intake from sweet food and beverages, common mental disorder and depression: prospective findings from the Whitehall II study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6287. [PMID: 28751637 PMCID: PMC5532289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intake of sweet food, beverages and added sugars has been linked with depressive symptoms in several populations. Aim of this study was to investigate systematically cross-sectional and prospective associations between sweet food/beverage intake, common mental disorder (CMD) and depression and to examine the role of reverse causation (influence of mood on intake) as potential explanation for the observed linkage. We analysed repeated measures (23,245 person-observations) from the Whitehall II study using random effects regression. Diet was assessed using food frequency questionnaires, mood using validated questionnaires. Cross-sectional analyses showed positive associations. In prospective analyses, men in the highest tertile of sugar intake from sweet food/beverages had a 23% increased odds of incident CMD after 5 years (95% CI: 1.02, 1.48) independent of health behaviours, socio-demographic and diet-related factors, adiposity and other diseases. The odds of recurrent depression were increased in the highest tertile for both sexes, but not statistically significant when diet-related factors were included in the model (OR 1.47; 95% CI: 0.98, 2.22). Neither CMD nor depression predicted intake changes. Our research confirms an adverse effect of sugar intake from sweet food/beverage on long-term psychological health and suggests that lower intake of sugar may be associated with better psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Knüppel
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Martin J Shipley
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Clare H Llewellyn
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eric J Brunner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Abshire DA, Lennie TA, Chung ML, Biddle MJ, Barbosa-Leiker C, Moser DK. Body Mass Index Category Moderates the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Diet Quality in Overweight and Obese Rural-Dwelling Adults. J Rural Health 2017; 34:377-387. [PMID: 28686799 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to (1) compare diet quality among depressed and nondepressed overweight and obese rural-dwelling adults and (2) determine whether body mass index (BMI) category moderates the relationship between depressive symptoms and overall diet quality. METHODS Rural adults in Kentucky (n = 907) completed the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) that assessed depressive symptoms and a food frequency questionnaire that generated 2005 Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores. Participants were grouped into overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 ) and obese (≥30 kg/m2 ), and nondepressed (PHQ-9 < 10) and depressed (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) groups. Bootstrapped ANCOVAs were used to compare diet quality among the 4 groups. Ordinary least-squares regression using PROCESS was used to determine whether BMI category (overweight vs obese) moderated the association between depressive symptoms and overall diet quality. RESULTS Overall diet quality was poorer in the obese depressed group than in the obese nondepressed group. Intake of fruit and dark green/orange vegetables and legumes was lower in the obese depressed group than in the overweight nondepressed group. Depressive symptoms predicted poor overall diet quality (B = -0.287, P < .001) and the relationship was moderated by BMI category (coefficient of BMI category* depressive symptom interaction term = 0.355, P < .049). A significant inverse relationship between depressive symptoms and overall diet quality was observed in the overweight group but not in the obese group. CONCLUSION Components of diet quality vary according to BMI category and depressive symptom status. The relationship between depressive symptoms and diet quality is influenced by BMI category.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terry A Lennie
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Misook L Chung
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Martha J Biddle
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Debra K Moser
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Richard A, Rohrmann S, Vandeleur CL, Lasserre AM, Strippoli MPF, Eichholzer M, Glaus J, Marques-Vidal P, Vollenweider P, Preisig M. Adherence to dietary recommendations is not associated with depression in two Swiss population-based samples. Psychiatry Res 2017; 252:310-318. [PMID: 28327446 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about adherence to dietary recommendations and depression. Furthermore, dietary habits may differ among depression subtypes, which has not been evaluated previously. Two population-based Swiss studies, including 3620 individuals from PsyCoLaus and 11,032 individuals from the Swiss Health Survey 2012 (SHS), were used to examine the associations between adherence to common dietary guidelines and odds of depressive disorders. In both studies, depression was assessed by validated instruments. Adherence to dietary recommendations were assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (PsyCoLaus) and by single item questions (SHS). Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of adhering to dietary recommendations with depression. For the analyses of diet with depression subtypes maximum-likelihood multinomial (polytomous) logistic regression analyses were conducted. No association of adherence to dietary recommendations with current major depressive disorder (MDD) was observed in any of the two study populations except for adherence to fish consumption, which was positively associated with MDD in the SHS. For depression subtypes, statistically significantly positive associations of vegetable consumption and adherence to the 5-a-day recommendation with current unspecified and current melancholic MDD were found. In conclusion, we don't see consistent associations between adherence to dietary recommendations and MDD or subtypes of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Richard
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline L Vandeleur
- Centre for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie M Lasserre
- Centre for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Pierre F Strippoli
- Centre for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Monika Eichholzer
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Glaus
- Centre for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland; Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Centre for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
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Polanka BM, Vrany EA, Patel J, Stewart JC. Depressive Disorder Subtypes as Predictors of Incident Obesity in US Adults: Moderation by Race/Ethnicity. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:734-742. [PMID: 28369312 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the relative importance of atypical major depressive disorder (MDD), nonatypical MDD, and dysthymic disorder in predicting 3-year obesity incidence and change in body mass index and determined whether race/ethnicity moderated these relationships. We examined data from 17,787 initially nonobese adults in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions waves 1 (2001-2002) and 2 (2004-2005) who were representative of the US population. Lifetime subtypes of depressive disorders were determined using a structured interview, and obesity outcomes were computed from self-reported height and weight. Atypical MDD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43, 1.97; P < 0.001) and dysthymic disorder (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.12; P < 0.001) were stronger predictors of incident obesity than were nonatypical MDD (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.22; P = 0.027) and no history of depressive disorder. Atypical MDD (B = 0.41 (standard error, 0.15); P = 0.007) was a stronger predictor of increases in body mass index than were dysthymic disorder (B = -0.31 (standard error, 0.21); P = 0.142), nonatypical MDD (B = 0.007 (standard error, 0.06); P = 0.911), and no history of depressive disorder. Race/ethnicity was a moderator; atypical MDD was a stronger predictor of incident obesity in Hispanics/Latinos (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.73, 2.24; P < 0.001) than in non-Hispanic whites (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.91; P < 0.001) and blacks (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.26; P < 0.001). US adults with atypical MDD are at particularly high risk of weight gain and obesity, and Hispanics/Latinos may be especially vulnerable to the obesogenic consequences of depressions.
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Meegan AP, Perry IJ, Phillips CM. The Association between Dietary Quality and Dietary Guideline Adherence with Mental Health Outcomes in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030238. [PMID: 28273871 PMCID: PMC5372901 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of adverse mental health outcomes in adults is increasing. Although beneficial effects of selected micronutrients and foods on mental health have been reported, they do not reflect the impact of the habitual diet on mental health. Therefore, our objective is to examine potential associations between dietary quality, dietary composition and compliance with food pyramid recommendations with depressive symptoms, anxiety and well-being (assessed using CES-D, HADS-A and WHO-5 screening tools) in a cross-sectional sample of 2047 middle-aged adults. Diet was assessed using a self-completed FFQ. Chi-square tests, t-tests and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between dietary components and mental health outcomes. Dietary quality, but not dietary composition or guideline adherence, was associated with well-being. Those with high dietary quality were more likely to report well-being (OR =1.67, 95% CI 1.15-2.44, p = 0.007) relative to those with low dietary quality. This remained significant among females (OR = 1.92, (95% CI 1.14-3.23, p = 0.014) and non-obese individuals (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.28-3.20, p = 0.003). No associations between any dietary measures with anxiety or depressive symptoms were observed. These novel results highlight the importance of dietary quality in maintaining optimal psychological well-being. Better understanding of the relationship between dietary quality and mental health may provide insight into potential therapeutic or intervention strategies to improve mental health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy P Meegan
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Ivan J Perry
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork Western Gateway Building, Western Rd, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Catherine M Phillips
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork Western Gateway Building, Western Rd, Cork, Ireland.
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Schuch F, Vancampfort D, Firth J, Rosenbaum S, Ward P, Reichert T, Bagatini NC, Bgeginski R, Stubbs B. Physical activity and sedentary behavior in people with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017; 210:139-150. [PMID: 28033521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality in people with major depressive disorder (MDD). AIMS Investigate levels of PA and SB and their predictors in people with MDD. METHODS Electronic databases were searched from inception till 04/2016 for articles measuring PA and SB with a self-report questionnaire (SRQ) or objective measure (e.g. accelerometer) in people with MDD. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Twenty-four eligible studies were identified including 2901 people with MDD (78.4% female, mean age=54 years; range: 21-77 years). People with MDD spent 126.0min (95%CI=91.9-160.1) per day engaging in all types of PA and spent 8.5hours (95%CI=7.51-9.62) during their waking day being sedentary. Compared to controls, people with MDD spent less time in total PA (SMD=-0.25, 95%CI=-0.03 to 0.15) and moderate to vigorous PA (SMD=-0.30, 95%CI=-0.40 to 0.21) and engaged in higher levels of SB (SMD=0.09, 95%CI=0.01-0.18). The proportion of people with MDD not meeting the recommended PA guidelines was 67.8% (n=13 studies), which was higher in studies relying on objective versus self-report measures (85.7% v 62.1%, p=0.04). People with MDD were more likely than controls to not meeting the recommended PA guidelines (OR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.10–2.10). LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity was evident in most analyses. CONCLUSIONS Adults with MDD engage in low levels of PA and high levels of SB. PA and SB are independent predictors of mortality, therefore, future lifestyle interventions targeting both the prevention of SB and adoption and maintenance of PA are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Schuch
- Unilasalle, Canoas, Brazil; Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Centre, Leuven-Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Joseph Firth
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Liverpool NSW 2170, Sydney, Australia; The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip Ward
- School of Psychiatry, US Australia, Sydney and Schizophrenia Research Unit, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Thaís Reichert
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Bgeginski
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
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Rahe C, Khil L, Wellmann J, Baune BT, Arolt V, Berger K. Impact of major depressive disorder, distinct subtypes, and symptom severity on lifestyle in the BiDirect Study. Psychiatry Res 2016; 245:164-171. [PMID: 27543830 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine associations of major depressive disorder (MDD), its distinct subtypes, and symptom severity with the individual lifestyle factors smoking, diet quality, physical activity, and body mass index as well as with a combined lifestyle index measuring the co-occurrence of these lifestyle factors. A sample of 823 patients with MDD and 597 non-depressed controls was examined. The psychiatric assessment was based on a clinical interview including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Each lifestyle factor was scored as either healthy or unhealthy, and the number of unhealthy lifestyle factors was added up in a combined lifestyle index. Cross-sectional analyses were performed using alternating logistic regression and ordinal logistic regression, adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics. After adjustment, MDD was significantly associated with smoking, low physical activity, and overweight. Likewise, MDD was significantly related to the overall lifestyle index. When stratifying for subtypes, all subtypes showed higher odds for an overall unhealthier lifestyle than controls, but the associations with the individual lifestyle factors were partly different. Symptom severity was associated with the lifestyle index in a dose-response manner. In conclusion, patients with MDD represent an important target group for lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Rahe
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Laura Khil
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wellmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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The mediation effect of emotional eating between depression and body mass index in the two European countries Denmark and Spain. Appetite 2016; 105:500-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kelly NR, Shomaker LB, Radin RM, Thompson KA, Cassidy OL, Brady S, Mehari R, Courville AB, Chen KY, Galescu OA, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski JA. Associations of sleep duration and quality with disinhibited eating behaviors in adolescent girls at-risk for type 2 diabetes. Eat Behav 2016; 22:149-155. [PMID: 27289521 PMCID: PMC4983254 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Short sleep duration and daytime sleepiness have been associated with an increased risk for the onset of type 2 diabetes in adults. There has been far less attention to the characterization of sleep in adolescents at-risk for diabetes or to the possible behavioral mechanisms, such as disinhibited eating, through which sleep may affect metabolic functioning. METHODS We evaluated the associations of sleep duration and daytime sleepiness with a multi-modal assessment of disinhibited eating in 119 adolescent girls at-risk for type 2 diabetes based upon being overweight/obese and having a family history of diabetes. Girls also endorsed mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms. Adolescents reported sleep duration and daytime sleepiness with the Sleep Habits Survey and Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. They were administered a series of successive test meals to measure total energy intake and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH). Adolescent binge eating was assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination interview. RESULTS Accounting for age, race, puberty, body composition, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress, reported sleep duration was positively related to test meal total energy intake (p=0.04), but not to EAH. Adjusting for the same covariates, daytime sleepiness was associated with a greater odds of objective binge eating in the previous month (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS In adolescent girls at-risk for type 2 diabetes, reported sleep characteristics are associated with disinhibited eating behaviors that have been linked to excessive weight and adverse metabolic outcomes. Future studies are called for to evaluate these links using objective measures of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole R Kelly
- Section on Growth and Obesity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Defense, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, 410 Pitkin Street, Campus Delivery 1570, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States.
| | - Rachel M Radin
- Section on Growth and Obesity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Defense, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Katherine A Thompson
- Section on Growth and Obesity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Omni L Cassidy
- Section on Growth and Obesity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Defense, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Sheila Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Rim Mehari
- Section on Growth and Obesity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Amber B Courville
- Nutrition Department, NIH Clinical Center, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1078, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Ovidiu A Galescu
- Section on Growth and Obesity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Section on Growth and Obesity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Defense, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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Rajizadeh A, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Yassini-Ardakani M, Dehghani A. Serum Magnesium Status in Patients Subjects with Depression in the City of Yazd in Iran 2013-2014. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:275-282. [PMID: 26487446 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Depression is the most common mental disorder and involves many factors. The regulatory effects of magnesium on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) channels make it a factor in the treatment of depression. The present study investigated the level of serum magnesium in subjects diagnosed with depression in the city of Yazd in Iran. This cross-sectional study was done from January 2013 to January 2014 on 650 patients with depression who agreed to participate in this study. Diagnosis was made using the Beck Depression Inventory test (BDI-II); those scoring higher than 11 were sent to the medical school laboratory for further testing of serum magnesium levels. The mean age of the patients was 34.16 ± 9.12 years. Of the 650 subjects, 195 were male (30 %) and 455 were female (70 %). The total mean serum magnesium was 2.1 ± 0.26 mg/dl. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia 13.7 %, hypermagnesemia 8.3 %, and sub-optimal magnesium levels was 26.5 %. Sub-optimal prevalence in women (28.1 %) was higher than in men (26.2 %). A significant relationship was observed between depression and serum magnesium level (p = 0.02). The results indicated that the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in subjects diagnosed with depression is high compared to non-depressed individuals. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between hypomagnesemia and intensity of depression that suggests a role for this element in the pathogenesis of the disorder. The high sub-optimal prevalence among women indicates that increased attention should be paid to this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Rajizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar Square, Central Building, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar Square, Central Building, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Yassini-Ardakani
- Department of General Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Dehghani
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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