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Dagher D, Malaeb D, Dabbous M, Sakr F, El Khatib S, Hallit R, Fekih-Romdhane F, Obeid S, Hallit S. The moderating effect of resilience in the association between insomnia severity and PTSD symptoms in Lebanese adolescents in the aftermath of the 2023 earthquake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38944752 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2373997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between insomnia and PTSD symptoms remains misunderstood, and seems to be influenced by other factors like individual resilience. Our study examined the moderating role of resilience in the relationship between insomnia and PTSD symptoms among a sample of Lebanese adolescents, in the aftermath of the 2023 earthquake. This cross sectional study, conducted in April, 2 months after the earthquake, enrolled 546 Lebanese adolescents. We used the Sleep Self Report, the Resilience Scale for Adolescents and the 13-item Children's Impact of Event Scale. The interaction insomnia severity by resilience was significantly associated with PTSD scores. At low, moderate and high resilience levels, higher insomnia severity was significantly associated with lower PTSD. Resilience moderated the relationship between insomnia and PTSD, mitigating the detrimental impact of disrupted sleep on PTSD symptoms. This data can guide healthcare administrators and psychiatric caregivers in classifying risk factors and implementing interventions to predict PTSD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Dagher
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam Dabbous
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Sakr
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sami El Khatib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Rabih Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Sirotich AC, Camisasca E. PTSD risk factors in earthquake survivors and their families: a systematic review. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2365477. [PMID: 38919135 PMCID: PMC11210410 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2365477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure to earthquakes can cause adverse effects on the mental health of survivors, including an increased risk of PTSD.Objective: This systematic review aims to analyse the previous secondary studies to identify the risk factors for PTSD from children to elderly earthquake survivors. In addition, it aims to consider the complexity of the joint effects of the individual, relational, and contextual risk factors, to also detect the most at-risk families.Method: After reviewing and screening studies from the literature search through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO under the guidance of PRISMA guidelines, ten eligible secondary studies were identified that examine the risk factors for PTSD in individuals (from children to elderly) affected by worldwide earthquakes.Results: The analysis of the included studies allowed the identification of a series of socio-demographic, pre-traumatic, peri-traumatic, and post-traumatic PTSD risk factors in children, adolescents, youth, adults, and elderly survivors. The results represent the complexity of the joint effects of these risk factors at individual, relational, and contextual levels.Conclusions: The consideration of the PTSD risk factors highlights the importance of individual characteristics and the type of experiences and exposure in the period before, during, and after the earthquake. This knowledge could allow the early identification of at-risk individuals of different ages and families and the implementation of intervention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Camisasca
- Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
- C.R.I.d.e.e., Psychology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milano, Italy
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Yang Y, Li Z, Wen J. Long term impact of Wenchuan earthquake on population mental and behavioral disorders in heavily-stricken areas: An ecological study based on big data. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:589-595. [PMID: 38908558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore and evaluate the development trends and differential changes in the prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders among the earthquake survivors in exposure groups (highly hard-hit areas) and control groups (general disaster areas) from 2015 to 2019, as well as to investigate the potential influencing factors. METHODS Data was obtained from the Sichuan Health Information System and the Sichuan Health Yearbook, the prevalence of the exposure group and the control group were calculated, the difference between the two groups was evaluated using the prevalence rate ratio, and a fixed effect model was developed to investigate the potential influencing factors of the prevalence. RESULTS The prevalence by gender and age in the exposure group was always greater than those in the control group (RR>1), although the disparity between the two proceeded to diminish with time. The urbanization rate (β = 0.0448, P < 0.05) and disaster area levels (β = 0.0104, P < 0.05) were risk factors for the prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders. LIMITATIONS The study only collected data at the group level following the Wenchuan earthquake. Consequently, the findings are only applicable at the group level. Furthermore, diagnostic criteria for various types of mental and behavioral disorders diseases were not provided. CONCLUSIONS The earthquake has a significant long-term impact on mental health. It is necessary to continuously monitor the mental health of Wenchuan earthquake survivors and take appropriate post-disaster intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Yang
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhuyue Li
- Medical Equipment Innovation Research Center, West China School of Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jin Wen
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Cengiz DU, İnceoğlu F, Karababa E, Polat AP, Yılmaz T, Kuntman BD, Men AF, Hızal E. Effects of the Kahramanmaras, Turkey 2023 earthquakes on balance perception, dizziness and post-traumatic stress: A relational screening model between subjective balance problems and post-traumatic stress. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:531-536. [PMID: 38522358 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the February 6, 2023, earthquakes in Turkey and recurrent aftershocks on balance and post-traumatic stress in surviving victims. METHODS Our study included 1004 participants aged 18-65 years who were exposed to the February 6 earthquakes and aftershocks in Turkey. After obtaining online consent from all participants, the Vertigo Symptom Scale (VSS), the Dizziness Handicap Index (DHI), and the Posttraumatic Post-Traumatic Disorder Checklist Scale (PCL-5) were administered online, and the interactions between the variable sets were examined using a correlational screening model. RESULTS As a result of the structural equation model established with the observed variables, it was found that VSS total scores had a statistically significant positive effect on PCL-5 (β1 = 0.56; p = 0.001 < 0.05). In addition, statistically significant positive high-level correlations were found between VSS and DHI (covVSS-DHI = 0.71), and a positive low level correlation with the number of days with dizziness (covVSS-number of days with dizziness = 0.34), and a positive low level correlation with frequency of days with dizziness (covVSS-frequency of days with dizziness = 0.37). A statistically significant positive low-level relationship was found between DHI and the number of days with dizziness (covDHI-number of days with dizziness = 0.34) and a positive low-level correlation between DHI and the frequency of days with dizziness (covDHI-frequency of days with dizziness = 0.29). CONCLUSION The structural equation modeling analysis showed that post-traumatic stress disorder had a significant effect on balance and dizziness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Uğur Cengiz
- Inonu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Feyza İnceoğlu
- Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ercan Karababa
- University of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Tuğba Yılmaz
- University of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Asya Fatma Men
- University of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Hızal
- University of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, Ankara, Turkey
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Levkovich I, Labes M. "I Felt a Sense of Mission during Moments of Crisis": Mental Health Professionals' Perspectives on Their Initial Treatment of Evacuees during the Israel-Hamas Conflict. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1098. [PMID: 38891173 PMCID: PMC11171488 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines mental health service providers who provided care to evacuees during the Israel-Hamas conflict. Utilizing a phenomenological qualitative method, the research delves into the psychological impact on the participants' lived experiences. The sample included 25 mental health providers (13 female, age range 28-63, mean 42.4, SD 7.3; 15 psychologists and 10 social worker, average seniority 10.8 years, SD 5.2, range 2-18 years). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted between December 2023 and March 2024. The data analysis revealed a dual narrative: Participants paid a major personal price and experienced secondary traumatization manifesting in emotional detachment, physical symptoms, and heightened arousal. They also derived a profound sense of meaning and fulfillment from their work, contributing to personal and professional growth. These findings underscore the complexity of their experiences, which were marked by the challenges of secondary trauma and the resilience fostered through their work. This study emphasizes the importance of support systems, including social and familial networks and professional supervision, in navigating these challenges. This study has several limitations, including small sample size and the use of virtual interviews, suggesting the need for further research with a broader participant base and in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Levkovich
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Oranim Academic College, Kiryat Tiv’on 36006, Israel
| | - Michal Labes
- Department of Criminology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
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Çiftci N, Yildiz M, Uçar M. Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Death Anxiety, and Insomnia in Adults After the Earthquake. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024:302228241256267. [PMID: 38785216 DOI: 10.1177/00302228241256267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, death anxiety, and insomnia in adults after the earthquake. This study, designed in a relational-cross-sectional-descriptive model, was conducted with 624 adult individuals living in a province affected by the earthquake that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023. The study data were collected using a personal information form, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Turkish Death Anxiety Scale, and Bergen Insomnia Scale. The analysis of the study data was performed by using SPSS 25.0, AMOS 24.0, and G*Power 3.1 Statistical package software. A significant positive correlation was found between posttraumatic stress disorder and Insomnia and Death Anxiety (p < .05). There was a significant positive correlation between Death Anxiety and Insomnia (p < .05). It was determined that Death Anxiety has a mediating role in the impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on insomnia (95% Confidence Interval: 0.572/1.407) (p < .05). It was determined that the model created in line with the hypotheses was compatible and the model fit indices were within the desired limits, with x2/df = 1.795, RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 0.95, GFI = 0.946, AGFI = 0.93, IFI = 0.95. It was determined that posttraumatic stress disorder increased death anxiety and insomnia after the earthquake. Conducting longitudinal studies on the post-earthquake period is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necmettin Çiftci
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Metin Yildiz
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Uçar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Varto Vocational School, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
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Öz E, Küçükkelepçe O, Kurt O, Kapıcı Y. The relationship between earthquake-induced post-traumatic stress disorder and breastfeeding attitude and behavior. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:343. [PMID: 38714972 PMCID: PMC11075360 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and analyze the relationship between PTSD and breastfeeding attitudes and behaviors among breastfeeding mothers and women with children aged 0-24 months, all of whom had experienced the earthquake. METHODS In this cross-sectional survey, a face-to-face questionnaire was administered to 173 earthquake survivors in Adıyaman, Turkey, during June and July 2023. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian scale was used to assess the presence of PTSD, while the Breastfeeding Attitudes of the Evaluation Scale (BAES) was employed to evaluate breastfeeding behaviors in mothers. RESULTS Significantly higher PTSD scores (47.6 ± 17.4) were found among women staying in tents, while lower scores (37.0 ± 16.4) were observed in those who continued breastfeeding. 78.6% of women reported decreased breast milk because of the earthquake. Mothers with reduced milk supply had higher PTSD scores (46.1 ± 17.3). Breastfeeding training was associated with higher BAES scores (106.8 ± 56.8) and lower PTSD scores (32.5 ± 11.0). A significant negative correlation was observed between the PTSD score and BAES (r = -0.742; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that breastfeeding may protect mothers against PTSD in the aftermath of earthquakes, emphasizing the importance of breastfeeding education. The higher frequency and severity of PTSD observed among earthquake survivor mothers residing in tents underscores the importance of promptly transitioning to permanent housing after the earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdoğan Öz
- Adıyaman Provincial Health Directorate, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | | | - Osman Kurt
- Adıyaman Provincial Health Directorate, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | - Yaşar Kapıcı
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Türkiye.
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Maeno Y, Fuchikami M, Fujimaki K, Liberzon I, Morinobu S. Long-term mental health and resilience of the first responders in Japanese ground self-defense forces engaging body recovery after the great east Japan earthquake. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:381-386. [PMID: 38593697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Handling human remains is extremely difficult and stressful task, and it can contribute to the development of stress-related mental health problems. To prevent disaster from the development of mental disorders in first responders, it will be important to elucidate factors sustaining psychological well-being following the events requiring handling of human remains. Japanese Ground Self-Defense Forces (JGSDF) first responders (n = 146), involved in human remains recovery after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) participated. We examined the psychological resilience (S-H Resilience Test), depressive symptoms (SDS), and psychological distress (GHQ-28) 6 years after GEJE, in three groups; Group A: no contact no view of human remains, B: view only of human remains, and C: direct handling of human remains. S-H Resilience test evaluated the 3 subclasses of resilience; Social Support, Self Efficacy, Sociality. One-way ANOVA revealed the significant difference in resilience scores between Group B and C without any differences in depressive symptoms or psychological distress among the 3 groups. Multiple regression analyses revealed that depressive symptoms and resilience were associated with psychological distress in all participants. Path analyses showed that whereas one subtype of resilience indirectly reduced psychological distress through lower depressive symptoms in Group A (Social Support) and Group B (Sociality), both subtypes of resilience indirectly reduced psychological distress by lowering depressive symptoms in Group C. These findings suggest that exposure to higher stressful situation may decrease the psychological resilience based on the S-H Resilience test, and two subtypes of resilience may be necessary to sustain the psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Maeno
- The Institute for Psychotherapy in Graduate School of Clinical Psychology, Fukushima College, Japan; Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Psychology, Kibi International University, Japan
| | - Manabu Fuchikami
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Division of Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Koichiro Fujimaki
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - Shigeru Morinobu
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Psychology, Kibi International University, Japan.
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Kurt G, Erşahin M, Aker AT, Uygun E, Acartürk C. Mental health and support 1 year after the earthquakes in Türkiye. Lancet Psychiatry 2024; 11:245-246. [PMID: 38490757 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Kurt
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Merve Erşahin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Tamer Aker
- Trauma and Disaster Mental Health, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ersin Uygun
- Trauma and Disaster Mental Health, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ceren Acartürk
- Department of Psychology, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Baziki Çetin S, Atilan Fedai Ü. Psychiatric Morbidity and Suicidal Ideation Among Early Survivors Following the 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthquake in Turkey. Psychiatry 2024; 87:165-178. [PMID: 38497597 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2024.2321090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of psychiatric morbidity along with sociodemographic and earthquake-related data on suicidal ideation among survivors of the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake in Turkey. METHOD The study included 270 volunteers who experienced the 2023 earthquake in Kahramanmaras, a province in middle east region of Turkey. These individuals were informed of the use of their personal data within the scope of the personal data protection law numbered 6698 and consent was obtained. The volunteers participated in the study online and were evaluated with a sociodemographic data form, Suicidal Ideation Scale and DSM-5 level one cross-sectional symptom scale. RESULTS Single individuals (p = .009) and those who stated that they had insufficient social support (p = .001), had been injured or had lost a relative during the earthquake (p = .02), felt discrimination-exclusion after the earthquake (p = .03), and those who could not attend the funeral or funeral ceremony of their deceased relative (p < .001) scored higher on the Suicidal Ideation Scale. The DSM-5 level one cross-sectional symptom scale scores indicated that the scores in the depression (p = .024), somatization (p = .001), personality (p < .001) and addiction (0.039) subscales were more related to suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION After a mass trauma, it is very important to investigate the risk factors that may be associated with suicidal ideation among survivors and to be aware of possible psychiatric symptoms. Preventive actions in the earthquake-affected regions can be made more effective by considering these factors.
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Han C. Exposure to earthquakes and development of ischemic heart disease. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:446. [PMID: 38347530 PMCID: PMC10863258 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence regarding the effect of earthquake exposure on the development of cardiovascular diseases is limited. This study evaluated the association between the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake, which had a magnitude of 5.8, and over 600 subsequent aftershocks occurring within a year in Korea, with the development of ischemic heart disease (IHD) among residents of Gyeongju. METHODS Ten years (2010-2019) of medical records from a randomly selected cohort of residents (n = 540,858) in Gyeongju and 3 control cities were acquired from the national health insurance service. Employing difference-in-difference and meta-analyses, the risks of IHD development of Gyeongju residents before (reference: Sep 2014 to Aug 2015; period 1: Sep 2015 to Aug 2016) and after (period 2: Sep 2016 to Aug 2017; period 3: Sep 2017 to Aug 2018; period 4: Sep 2018 to Aug 2019) the earthquake were estimated. RESULTS The monthly average incidence of IHD in Gyeongju was 39.5 persons (per 1,000,000) for reference period and 38.4 persons for period 1. However, the number increased to 58.5 persons in period 2, and 49.8 persons in period 3, following the earthquake. The relative risk (RR) [with a 95% confidence interval] of developing IHD among Gyeongju residents increased by 1.58 times (1.43, 1.73) in period 2, 1.33 times (1.21, 1.46) in period 3, and 1.15 times (1.04, 1.27) in period 4, in comparison to both the control cities and the pre-earthquake reference period. The increase in RR was particularly noticeable among women, adults aged 25-44, and individuals with lower incomes. CONCLUSIONS The major earthquake in Korea was associated with an increase in the development of IHD among local residents. Individuals exposed to earthquakes may benefit from cardiovascular health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwoo Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, 266, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, 35015, Daejeon, Korea.
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Alpay EH, Aydın A. Effects of peritraumatic reactions on post-traumatic stress among Kahramanmaras earthquake survivors. Nord J Psychiatry 2024; 78:153-161. [PMID: 38165775 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2291548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peritraumatic reactions play a crucial role in the development of mental health problems, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, this study sought to examine the influence of the peritraumatic reactions, including peritraumatic dissociation, peritraumatic distress, mental defeat, and tonic immobility, on post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder in earthquake survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 261 adult participants aged between 18 and 65 (Mage=29.20, SD = 28.06, 162 were female, and 99 were male) who were exposed to the Kahramanmaras earthquake in February 2023 were recruited in the study. Data were collected between April 10 and 18 2023, two months after the earthquake. Participants completed questionnaires, including The International Trauma Questionnaire, The International Depression Questionnaire, The Mental Defeat Questionnaire, The Tonic Immobility Scale, and The Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire. RESULTS Two-step multiple linear regression analyses indicated all peritraumatic reactions predicted both post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Dominance analysis results showed that the contribution of peritraumatic dissociation in predicting PTSD and depression was higher among other peritraumatic reactions. CONCLUSION The findings of the study revealed a robust association between peritraumatic reactions and both depression and PTSD, shedding light on the underlying processes in the development of trauma-related disorders. Early assessment of peritraumatic reactions may be useful in identifying individuals at risk of developing PTSD and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre H Alpay
- Department of Psychology, Mersin University, Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Arzu Aydın
- Department of Psychology, Mersin University, Mersin, Türkiye
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Düken ME, Kaplan V, Almazan J. The association between posttraumatic stress disorder and mental health of adolescents who exposed to the worst disaster of the century: Extensive data from southeast Turkey. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2024; 37:e12449. [PMID: 38403993 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
PROBLEMS This study was conducted to examine the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and mental health status of adolescents exposed to the worst disaster of the century. METHODS This study was descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational. This research was conducted between March 31 and July 1, 2023. The study was conducted with earthquake survivors who migrated from Kahramanmaraş, the epicenter of the earthquake, and Adıyaman and Hatay, the other two cities where it was most effective, to Şanlıurfa. The study was conducted with a total of 947 adolescents. "Personal Information Form," "Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index," and "Symptom Distress Check List- (SCL-90)" were used to collect data. Linear regression method was used in the analysis of the research. Path analysis was performed using PATH analysis. FINDINGS The mean age of the adolescents participating in the study was 16.69 ± 1.41 years. It was found that the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the adolescents was at the pathological level with a mean of 2.36 ± 0.68. Posttraumatic stress reactions of the adolescents who experienced the earthquake was found to explain 97.2% of their mental symptoms (anxiety, depression, somatization, anger-hostility, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychotic symptoms, other problems, and GSI) (p < 0.001). It was found that the age of the adolescents, total number of losses in the earthquake, the time they stayed under the rubble, the time they waited for siblings to be pulled from under the rubble and the state of having loss due to the earthquake explained 74.4% of the posttraumatic stress reactions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS As a conclusion, it was found that the adolescents who experienced the earthquake experienced severe posttraumatic stress symptoms. It was also found that adolescents who experienced high levels of trauma symptoms showed pathological mental symptoms. After the earthquake, adolescents should be evaluated periodically in terms of posttraumatic stress symptoms. In the evaluations to be made, it is important to determine how adolescents are affected especially mentally. In this context, interventions should be implemented for the identified mental symptoms (anxiety, depression, somatization, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Düken
- Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Health Sciences of Faculty, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Veysel Kaplan
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Health Sciences of Faculty, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Joseph Almazan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Öztürk HIB, Dönmezler S. Chronotype influences on posttraumatic stress disorder induced by the twin earthquakes in Turkey: A cross-sectional study among medical students. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:10-16. [PMID: 38108143 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2294052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between chronotypes and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in medical students affected by earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, while elucidating if the PTSD manifestation varies among different chronotypes four months post-disaster. The study encompassed 193 medical students, subjected to the sociodemographic data form, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The results indicated that students identified as "evening types" reported significantly elevated PCL-5 scores (p < 0.001) relative to "morning" and "intermediate" types. According to PCL-5 scores, 43.5% of the participants exhibited PTSD, with a higher occurrence among the evening types. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that lower MEQ scores independently correlated with elevated PTSD symptoms (β = -0.1389 [95% CI = -0.273 - -0.0048], p = 0.042), suggesting the potential of eveningness as a risk factor for PTSD post-disaster. These findings could enhance our understanding of PTSD, aid the development of preventive strategies, and underscore the importance of considering chronotypes. Further expansive, population-based studies with a longitudinal design are necessary to better understand the relationship between PTSD and the circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Süleyman Dönmezler
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Sanko University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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15
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Kartol A, Üztemur S, Yaşar P. 'I cannot see ahead': psychological distress, doomscrolling and dark future among adult survivors following M w 7.7. and 7.6 earthquakes in Türkiye. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2513. [PMID: 38102569 PMCID: PMC10722668 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The earthquakes, which occurred on 6 February 2023, affecting a total of eleven provinces in Türkiye, with magnitudes of 7.7 and 7.6, and killing around 50,000 people, caused the greatest loss of life compared to previous earthquakes in Türkiye. In this study, we analyse the psychological status of the adult individuals who experienced the earthquakes three months after the earthquakes in terms of different variables. METHODS In this research, an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted by applying face-to-face and online questionnaires to 402 adult individuals who had experienced the earthquake. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Dark Future Scale and Doomscrolling Scale were applied. The relationships between variables are discussed in this study using the predictive correlational model. RESULTS The results revealed that the participants had very high levels of future anxiety and moderate levels of doomscrolling after the earthquake. Although their psychological distress levels were relatively low, as the psychological distress levels of adult individuals who experienced the earthquake increased, their doomscrolling also increased. In addition, as individuals' future anxiety increases, their doomscrolling increases similarly. The mediation analysis reveals that the mediating role of future anxiety between psychological distress and doomscrolling is significant (p < .001). CONCLUSION Individuals are more exposed to negative news streams in negative life events that occur beyond their control and they need to search for information. Increased levels of depression, anxiety and stress lead to more exposure to this flow. In addition, future anxiety is also an important trigger of this behaviour. The effects of psychological distress on individuals who survived the earthquake are discussed in the context of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Kartol
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Nizip Faculty of Education, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Servet Üztemur
- Department of Social Studies Education, Faculty of Education, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Pınar Yaşar
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Guidance Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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16
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Kim ES, Yeo J, Kim Y, Ha IH. The Impact of Moderate Earthquakes on Antidepressant Prescriptions in Ulsan, South Korea: A Controlled Interrupted Time Series Analysis. J Epidemiol 2023; 33:600-606. [PMID: 36372434 PMCID: PMC10635813 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016, two consecutive moderate magnitude earthquakes occurred in Ulsan, South Korea. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of earthquakes on the mental health of residents in Ulsan. METHODS We used data from the 2015-2017 Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service National Patient Sample. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis using location-based controls. Changes in the number of antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and zolpidem prescriptions in Ulsan were compared to controls. Overall changes in weekly prescriptions 1 year after the first earthquake, compared to a non-earthquake scenario, were estimated. RESULTS In antidepressant prescriptions, the increase in trend after an earthquake was significantly higher than controls. However, the changes in benzodiazepines and zolpidem prescribing were not significant. Overall, the impact of the earthquake on weekly antidepressant prescriptions at 1 year was estimated as a 1.32 (95% CI, 1.18-1.56) rate ratio compared to the non-earthquake scenario. This corresponded to an increase of 1,989.7 (95% CI, 1,202.1-3,063.0) in the number of prescriptions. Among subgroups, the increase was highest among males aged 20-39 years. CONCLUSION The moderate earthquake in Ulsan was associated with an increase in antidepressant prescriptions. The increase in the male group aged 20-39 was the highest. The impact may vary according to the context of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-San Kim
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Yeo
- Department of Economics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjoo Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Bahar A, Çuhadar D. Trauma Level, Coping with Stress and Post-Traumatic Change in University Students Experiencing Kahramanmaraş Centered Earthquake: A Cross-Sectional Study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e549. [PMID: 38038232 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is to examine the levels of post-traumatic stress, coping with stress, and post-traumatic change in university students after the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquakes in February 2023. METHOD The research is descriptive and relational. The sample of the study consists of 221 university students. Personal Information Form, Post-earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale, Strategies for Coping with Earthquake Stress Scale, and Post-Traumatic Change Scale were used as data collection tools. Descriptive analyses (percentage, arithmetic mean), correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. RESULTS It was determined that the students were highly traumatized after the earthquake, and post-traumatic stress symptoms were observed in a significant majority of the students. It was determined that the students used the post-earthquake coping strategies effectively. Post-traumatic change is positive. Inter-scale correlations are significant (P < 0.05). According to regression analysis, the level of post-earthquake trauma and the level of coping with earthquake stress are significant predictors of post-traumatic change. In addition, the damage to houses during the earthquake significantly affects the post-traumatic change. CONCLUSIONS We think that pre-planning the psychological support services, increasing social supports, and teaching methods of coping with stress that can be applied after disasters such as earthquakes will be effective in preventing post-traumatic problems in university students at risk after trauma. It is hoped that the findings of this study will assist researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in implementing effective strategies for post-disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Bahar
- Psychiatric Nursing Department, Health Science Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Döndü Çuhadar
- Psychiatric Nursing Department, Health Science Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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18
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Düken ME. Investigation of the Relationship Between Mental Health Status and Sleep Patterns of Children Who Experienced the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake: Data From the Earthquake Region. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2023:10783903231211506. [PMID: 37994036 DOI: 10.1177/10783903231211506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychological conditions of children exposed to earthquakes, such as somatization, obsessive-compulsive, hostility, and paranoid thought, have not been adequately studied. AIM This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the mental states and sleep patterns of children who experienced the Kahramanmaraş earthquake. METHOD This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and relational study that included 867 children from 11 provinces of Turkey affected by the earthquake that occurred in Kahramanmaraş on February 6th. The Child Follow-up Form, Mental Symptom Screening Scale, and Child Sleep Habits Scale were used to collect data. RESULTS The psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression, somatization, anger-hostility, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychotic symptoms, and other issues) experienced by children after the earthquake explained 96.9% of their sleep disturbance. Some of the demographic characteristics, such as age, the status of experiencing loss in the earthquake, the survival status of their mother and father, the survival status of their siblings, the total number of losses after the earthquake, the total number of losses in the nuclear family, total hours spent under the rubble, the hours children waited for their father, mother, and siblings to come out of the rubble, accounted for 77.9% of the mental symptoms (SCL-90). CONCLUSIONS These results showed the importance of early recognition and treatment of sleep disturbances to prevent possible psychiatric disorders after children have been exposed to natural disasters. It is of great importance to evaluate the mental states of children after the earthquake and to apply appropriate psychiatric interventions.
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19
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Šagud M, Janović MB, Ćusa ZV, Jakšić N, Krakan LB, Begić D, Grubišin J, Janović Š, Jevtović S, Kosanović Rajačić B, Mamić G, Mikulić SK, Marčinko D, Peleš AM, Lisak MŠ, Štimac Z, Živković M, Ćusa BV, Wang W. Depression and stress levels in patients with different psychiatric disorders during concurrent early-phase COVID-19 pandemic and earthquake in Croatia. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:798. [PMID: 37915030 PMCID: PMC10621232 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While Croatia shared COVID-19 pandemic with other countries, its capital area was also hit by a 5.6 magnitude earthquake. The simultaneous impact of these two disasters on psychiatric patients is largely unknown, and we addressed those knowledge gaps. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted during the pandemic's first peak, in the aftermath of earthquake, by telephonic survey. Measurements included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Perceived Stress Scale and the semi-structured interview to evaluate the impact of pandemic stress and earthquake. Overall 396 patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders (DAD), 229 participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and 205 healthy controls were enrolled. RESULTS Both patient groups had higher depression and stress levels than controls, independent of sex, age and the presence of somatic comorbidity. After controlling for the same covariates, patient groups had higher COVID-19- and earthquake-related fears than controls. In patients with DAD, both fears were greater than among SSD patients. When comparing the two fears, the fear from earthquake was higher in DAD and control groups, whereas in SSD patients there was no such difference. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DAD were the most vulnerable group during disasters, while earthquake seems to be associated with more fear than the pandemics, at least in DAD patients and healthy individuals. Future longitudinal studies should determine if early psychological support might alleviate stress levels after disasters and prevent further worsening of mental health, particularly among DAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Šagud
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Bajs Janović
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nenad Jakšić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lucija Bagarić Krakan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Begić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Grubišin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Špiro Janović
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Saša Jevtović
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Biljana Kosanović Rajačić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Suzan Kudlek Mikulić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Marčinko
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alma Mihaljević Peleš
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Šeparović Lisak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Štimac
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Živković
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bjanka Vuksan Ćusa
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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20
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Louis N, Ragheb M, Ibrahim O, Salim A, E. Dean Y, Kishk RM, Elsaid NMAB, Salem A, Shah J, Aiash H, Eida M. Assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder and health-related quality of life among patients recovered from mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and their close contacts: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35210. [PMID: 37800844 PMCID: PMC10553092 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 is a traumatic event with distressing implications for mental health and several aspects of life. This study aimed to assess Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among patients who experienced mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and their household contacts. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between May 2020 and November 2020, in Ismailia and Suez governorates. A convenient sampling method was used. The sample size was calculated according to the prevalence of PTSD in COVID-19 patients to be 200 adult participants from both sexes, 100 patients with history of recent COVID-19 infection (up to 2 months after recovery) and their close family. COVID-19 was confirmed by a nasal swab sample tested by PCR in addition to suggestive symptoms and/or positive computed tomography lung findings. Data was collected by using the Arabic version of the Post-Traumatic Stress disorder checklist 5 (PCL5-PTSD) and the Arabic version of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). The questionnaire was collected through interviews at the Endemic and Infectious diseases and Family medicine outpatient clinics. Of the 200 studied participants, evidence of PTSD was found in 112 (56%) participants; all COVID-19 cases and 12 of their close-contact relatives. Impaired HRQoL was evident in 107 (53.5%) participants; all the COVID-19 cases and 7 contacts. The mean values total scores of the PTSD and HRQoL and its domains were significantly higher among cases compared to their contacts. The most frequently impaired domain was social (55%), psychological (54.5%), impairment (53.5%) followed by physical (48.5%) and the least was health perception (33.5%). The mean values of PTSD, HRQoL and their domains were significantly higher among participants who recalled respiratory symptoms and who had comorbid illness. The odds ratio of PTSD and HRQoL was 0.27 (95% CI: 0.2-0.36) and 0.3 (95% CI: 0.23-0.39) in participants who had more than a case of COVID-19 within their families. All the studied COVID-19 participants showed PTSD and impaired HRQoL, compared to 12% and 7% of their contacts, respectively. Past COVID-19 was associated with impairment of all domains of HRQoL and the most affected were the physical, psychological and impairment domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageh Louis
- Endemic and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Ragheb
- Endemic and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Omneya Ibrahim
- Psychiatry and Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Almaza Salim
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port-Said University, Port-Said, Egypt
| | - Yomna E. Dean
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania M. Kishk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Abu Bakr Elsaid
- Department of Public Health, Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Ayman Salem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Jaffer Shah
- Kateb University, Medical Research Center, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Hani Aiash
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Mohammed Eida
- Endemic and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Dakhil ZA, Farhan HA, Faraz F, Skuk MR, Al-Jorani MS, Rehman MEU, Kemaloğlu Öz T. Impact of Earthquake on Cardiovascular Health: What Should Cardiovascular Healthcare Providers Anticipate After the Devastating Earthquakes in Turkey and Syria? Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101800. [PMID: 37172875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural disasters like earthquakes have direct and indirect association with major adverse cardiac events. They can impact cardiovascular health by multiple mechanisms not to mention their impact on cardiovascular care and services. Besides the humanitarian tragedy that calls attention globally, we as part of cardiovascular community are concerned with the short and long outcomes of those who survived the recent Turkey and Syria earthquake tragedy. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to draw attention of cardiovascular healthcare providers to the anticipated cardiovascular issues that may arise in survivors on short- and long-term postearthquakes to ensure proper screening and earlier management of this population. With the anticipated increase in natural disasters in future considering climate changes, geological factors, and human activities, the cardiovascular healthcare providers as part of medical community should be aware of the high rate of cardiovascular disease burden that can occur among survivors of earthquakes and other natural disasters, so, they should act accordingly in terms of preparedness measures, adequate response planning starting from services re-allocation to personnel training and enhancing access to medical and cardiac care in both acute and chronic contexts, not to mention screening and risk-stratifying the patients to optimize their management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasan Ali Farhan
- Baghdad Heart Centre, Iraqi Scientific Council of Cardiology, Baghdad Iraq
| | - Fatima Faraz
- Department of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University.
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Kumar P, Brander L, Kumar M, Cuijpers P. Planetary Health and Mental Health Nexus: Benefit of Environmental Management. Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:49. [PMID: 37521755 PMCID: PMC10377746 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human activities have induced unprecedented global shifts in natural systems including the climate, the oceans, cryosphere and biosphere. The impacts of these changes on physical health are clear and are accelerating at an alarming rate. Climate change and its consequences, especially disruptive events like floods, droughts and heat waves also impact the mental health of affected populations, increasing risk for post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety disorders. However, the impact of climate change on mental health is not well examined and has received less attention than climate's impacts on physical health. Goal The paper examines the planetary health-mental health nexus. It assesses the existing state of knowledge on the association between climate events, natural disasters, pollution, access to green space and mental health. It also presents a global analysis of the economic costs of climate-related mental health disorders by developing scenarios estimating the costs of mental illness at the country level predicted to be attributable to changes in environmental factors during the period 2020-2050. Findings Globally, the additional societal costs of mental disorders due to changes in climate-related hazards, air pollution and inadequate access to green space are estimated to be almost US$47 billion annually in 2030. These estimated costs will continue to grow exponentially to US$537 billion in 2050, relative to a baseline scenario in which these environmental factors remain at 2020 levels. Conclusions Our scenario analysis shows that the costs associated with climate-related mental health morbidity and mortality are high already and continue to will increase sharply in coming decades. There is need therefore to strengthen the evidence linking climate change to mental health and to prioritize the development of evidence-based and impactful interventions to address the global burden of environment-related mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Brander
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands
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Caqueo-Urízar A, Mena-Chamorro P, Henríquez D, Urzúa A, Irarrázaval M. The Effects of Social Determinants and Resilience on the Mental Health of Chilean Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1213. [PMID: 37508710 PMCID: PMC10378294 DOI: 10.3390/children10071213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of social determinants (i.e., gender, educational vulnerability, and socioeconomic status) and resilience on the mental health of Chilean adolescents in pre-, during, and post-COVID-19 pandemic contexts. The study included a group of 684 students, ranging in age from 12 to 18 years, who were attending educational institutions in the city of Arica. The Child and Adolescent Assessment System (SENA) was used to measure mental health problems, the Brief Resilience Scale for Children and Youth (CYRM-12) was used to measure resilience, and the Vulnerability Index of Educational Institutions was used to measure educational vulnerability. The results suggest increases in depressive, anxious, and social anxiety symptomatologies over time (wave by year, 2018, 2020, and 2021). In addition, multiple linear regression models showed predictive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, gender, vulnerability index, socioeconomic status, and resilient behaviors on mental health problems. The worsening of mental health indicators over time requires the greater coordination and integration of mental health experts in the most vulnerable educational centers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricio Mena-Chamorro
- Centro de Justicia Educacional CJE, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Diego Henríquez
- Centro de Justicia Educacional CJE, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
| | - Matías Irarrázaval
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Hospital, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality, MIDAP, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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Acharya Pandey R, Chalise P, Khadka S, Chaulagain B, Maharjan B, Pandey J, Nepal J, Pandey C. Post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among survivors of 2015 earthquake in Nepal. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:340. [PMID: 37189110 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural disasters cause long term psychological consequences, especially post-traumatic stress disorders. It has been regarded as the most prevalent of psychiatric disorders after a natural disaster. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and determine its associated factors in adult survivors three years after the 2015 Nepal earthquake. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive design was used where 1076 adults within the age range of 19-65 were randomly selected and interviewed from four adversely affected districts due to the 2015 earthquake. Instruments included a demographic questionnaire, an earthquake exposure questionnaire, the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS), and the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 16 for data analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of PTSD among earthquake survivors was 18.9%. The multivariate logistic regression showed that gender, ethnicity, education, occupation, social support and severity of damage to house and property were significantly associated with PTSD. Odds of having PTSD was 1.6 times higher among females (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3) and nearly 2 times higher amongst illiterate survivors (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-2.8). Participants from the Janajati ethnic group and those who had a business occupation had a 50% lower risk of having PTSD. Around 39% of the participants had moderate social support and had 60% lower odds of having PTSD compared to those with poor social support (AOR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2-0.5, p < 0.001). Participants with medium and very high-level damage to personal property were more likely to have PTSD. CONCLUSION Post-traumatic stress disorder remained prevalent amongst survivors three years after the 2015 Nepal Earthquake. It is important to provide psychological and social support for survivors to decrease the health burden from PTSD. Socio-demographic characteristics such as females, farmers, those survivors who endured significant personal property damage were at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Acharya Pandey
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.
| | - Pratibha Chalise
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Sunita Khadka
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Bina Chaulagain
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Binu Maharjan
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Jyotsna Pandey
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Jyoti Nepal
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Chandranshu Pandey
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Hennein R, Lowe SR, Feingold JH, Feder A, Peccoralo LA, Ripp JA, Mazure CM, Pietrzak RH. Pre- and peri-traumatic event stressors drive gender differences in chronic stress-related psychological sequelae: A prospective cohort study of COVID-19 frontline healthcare providers. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 162:88-94. [PMID: 37105023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Women are at heightened risk for chronic stress-related psychological sequelae (SRPS), including major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in response to potentially traumatic events, including the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have examined pre- and peri-event stressors that could account for gender differences in chronic SRPS. To address this gap, we conducted a prospective cohort study of healthcare providers (HCPs) caring for patients with COVID-19 at a large tertiary care hospital in New York City, and measured mental health risk factors and symptoms of MDD, GAD, and PTSD at baseline (April 2020) and at a 7-month follow-up (December 2020). We defined chronic SRPS as the presence of probable MDD, GAD, and/or PTSD at both timepoints. We conducted a mediation analysis to evaluate whether pre- and peri-event stressors explained women's increased risk for chronic SRPS. Among our sample of 786 HCPs, 571 (72.6%) were women. Compared with men, women were twice as likely to have chronic SRPS (18.7% vs. 8.8%, χ2[1] = 11.38, p < 0.001). However, after accounting for pre- and peri-event stressors, being a woman was no longer associated with chronic SRPS (p = 0.58). The pre- and peri-event stressors that accounted for this heightened risk among women included being in a woman-prevalent profession (specifically nursing; estimate = 0.08, SE = 0.04, p = 0.05), pre-pandemic burnout (estimate = 0.11, SE = 0.05, p = 0.04), greater family-related (estimate = 0.09, SE = 0.03, p = 0.004), infection-related (estimate = 0.06, SE = 0.02, p = 0.007), and work-related concerns (estimate = 0.11, SE = 0.03, p < 0.001), and lower leadership support (estimate = 0.07, SE = 0.03, p = 0.005). These findings can inform institutional interventions to mitigate the risk of chronic SRPS among women HCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hennein
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah R Lowe
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jordyn H Feingold
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Feder
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren A Peccoralo
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Office of Well-Being and Resilience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A Ripp
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Office of Well-Being and Resilience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolyn M Mazure
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Women's Health Research at Yale, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Cénat JM, Derivois D. Addressing the Mental Health Needs and Building Resilience of Populations Affected by the Earthquakes in Turkey and Syria: Lessons From Haiti and Elsewhere. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605986. [PMID: 37056517 PMCID: PMC10086120 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jude Mary Cénat,
| | - Daniel Derivois
- Department of Psychology, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Cénat JM, Dalexis RD, Darius WP, Kogan CS, Guerrier M. Prevalence of Current PTSD Symptoms Among a Sample of Black Individuals Aged 15 to 40 in Canada: The Major Role of Everyday Racial Discrimination, Racial Microaggresions, and Internalized Racism. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2023; 68:178-186. [PMID: 36172639 PMCID: PMC9974651 DOI: 10.1177/07067437221128462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most Black individuals in Canada report having experienced racial discrimination. Although previous studies have shown that there is a strong relationship between racial discrimination and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), no studies in Canada have documented this association among Black individuals. The present study documents (1) the prevalence of PTSD among Black individuals using data from the Black Communities Mental Health project and (2) risk factors associated with PTSD, including racial microaggressions, everyday racial discrimination, and internalized racism. METHOD A total of 860 participants (75.6% of women) aged 15 to 40 years old (M = 24.96, SD = 6.29) completed questionnaires assessing PTSD, experience of traumatic events, racial microaggressions, everyday racial discrimination, and internalized racism. RESULTS Findings showed that 95.1% of participants reported exposure to at least one traumatic event during their lifetime. In total, 67.11% of participants reported probable PTSD with no significant difference between men and women (68.2% and 67.8%, χ2 = 0.132, p = 0.72). Participants born in Canada were more likely to experience significant PTSD symptoms, compared to those born abroad (70.92% and 53.14%, χ2 = 19.69, p < 0.001). A multivariable linear regression model of PTSD symptoms was computed using sociodemographic variables and exposure to traumatic events as independent variables, which explained 25.9% of the variance. In addition to these variables, a second model included racial microaggressions, everyday racial microaggressions, and internalized racism, which explained 51.8% of the variance. The model showed that traumatic events (b = 0.6; p = 0.02), racial microaggressions (b = 0.5; p < 0.001), everyday discrimination (b = 0.2; p = 0.03) and internalized racism (b = 0.5; p < 0.001) were positively associated with PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This article highlights the detrimental consequences of racial discrimination against Black people in Canada. Prevention and mental health programs aimed at mitigating its consequences on the lives of Black people and other racialized populations must be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Jude Mary Cénat, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques-Lussier, 4017, Vanier Hall, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wina Paul Darius
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cary S. Kogan
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Cuijpers P, Miguel C, Ciharova M, Kumar M, Brander L, Kumar P, Karyotaki E. Impact of climate events, pollution, and green spaces on mental health: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. Psychol Med 2023; 53:638-653. [PMID: 36606450 PMCID: PMC9975983 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change may affect mental health. We conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses examining the association between mental health and climate events related to climate change, pollution and green spaces. We searched major bibliographic databases and included meta-analyses with at least five primary studies. Results were summarized narratively. We included 24 meta-analyses on mental health and climate events (n = 13), pollution (n = 11), and green spaces (n = 2) (two meta-analyses provided data on two categories). The quality was suboptimal. According to AMSTAR-2, the overall confidence in the results was high for none of the studies, for three it was moderate, and for the other studies the confidence was low to critically low. The meta-analyses on climate events suggested an increased prevalence of symptoms of post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety associated with the exposure to various types of climate events, although the effect sizes differed considerably across study and not all were significant. The meta-analyses on pollution suggested that there may be a small but significant association between PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO and mental health, especially depression and suicide, as well as autism spectrum disorders after exposure during pregnancy, but the resulting effect sizes varied considerably. Serious methodological flaws make it difficult to draw credible conclusions. We found reasonable evidence for an association between climate events and mental health and some evidence for an association between pollution and mental disorders. More high-quality research is needed to verify these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- International Institute for Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Clara Miguel
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marketa Ciharova
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manasi Kumar
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Luke Brander
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pushpam Kumar
- United Nations Environment Programme, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Tahernejad S, Ghaffari S, Ariza-Montes A, Wesemann U, Farahmandnia H, Sahebi A. Post-traumatic stress disorder in medical workers involved in earthquake response: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12794. [PMID: 36685451 PMCID: PMC9850193 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Medical workers involved in responding to the earthquake are exposed to frightening scenes and witness dead bodies and severely injured moaning people, predisposing them to multiple mental health consequences. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after earthquakes among medical workers using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and methods The review study was performed following PRISMA guidelines, and the study's protocol was registered in PROSPERO with the code CRD42022333069. The data resources of Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were searched to specify the related studies. To perform meta-analysis, the random effects model was utilized, and the I2 index was considered to assess heterogeneity between studies. The STATA software was used for data analysis. Results In the initial data resources search, 1399 articles were identified. From these articles, 13 were finally chosen for meta-analysis and quality assessment. The meta-analysis results indicated that the prevalence of post-earthquake PTSD among medical workers involved in the earthquake response was 16.37% (95% CI: 11.63-21.11, I2 = 97.33%, p = 0 < 0.001). Conclusion The medical workers involved in response to the earthquake have a relatively high risk of PTSD in the short and long term. Therefore, medical workers involved in response to disasters should undergo screening for mental health disorders before and after disasters and receive the necessary training with regard to stress management, psychological resilience, and how to express their feelings and emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Tahernejad
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sina Ghaffari
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering and Safety at Work, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Ulrich Wesemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Bundeswehr Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hojjat Farahmandnia
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Sahebi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran,Corresponding author.
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Miller S. Moral Injury, Moral Identity, and "Dirty Hands" in War Fighting and Police Work. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND PHILOSOPHY 2022; 47:723-734. [PMID: 36562840 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, I undertake three main tasks. First, I argue that, contrary to the standard view, moral injury is not a species of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) but rather, on the most coherent conception of moral injury, PTSD is (in effect) a species of moral injury. In doing so, I make use of the notion of caring deeply about something or someone worthy of being cared deeply about. Second, I consider so-called "dirty hands" actions in police work and in war, and distinguish these from the morally legitimate, but harmful, actions of police officers and of war fighters, such as the morally legitimate use of coercive force and lethal force (respectively). While the morally legitimate use of harmful methods is constitutive of these occupational roles, "dirty hands" methods are not. Roughly speaking, a "dirty hands" action is one that is morally wrong and (typically) unlawful but done for the sake of a good outcome. Both categories of action are conducive to moral injury, but "dirty hands" actions much more so, especially given the slippery moral slope from "dirty hands" actions to egregious moral wrongdoing. Third, I offer some recommendations for reducing moral injury among police officers and war fighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seumas Miller
- Charles Sturt University, Canberra, Australia.,University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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31
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Miura I, Nagao M, Nakano H, Okazaki K, Hayashi F, Harigane M, Itagaki S, Yabe H, Maeda M, Ohira T, Ishikawa T, Yasumura S, Kamiya K. Associations Between External Radiation Doses and the Risk of Psychological Distress or Post-traumatic Stress After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: the Fukushima Health Management Survey. J Epidemiol 2022; 32:S95-S103. [PMID: 36464305 PMCID: PMC9703924 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20210226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between radiation levels and mental health status after a nuclear disaster is unknown. We examined the association between individual external radiation doses and psychological distress or post-traumatic stress after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in March 2011 in Japan. METHODS The Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey was conducted from January 2012. Based on the estimated external radiation doses for the first 4 months, a total of 64,184 subjects were classified into <1 mSv, 1 to <2 mSv, and ≥2 mSv groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of psychological distress and post-traumatic stress, with the <1 mSv group as the reference, were calculated using logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, evacuation, perception of radiation risk, and subjective health status. RESULTS The prevalence of psychological distress/post-traumatic stress in the <1 mSv, 1 to <2 mSv, and ≥2 mSv groups was 15.1%/22.1%, 14.0%/20.1%, and 15.0%/21.7%, respectively. In women, although the ≥2 mSv group tended to have a higher risk of psychological distress with the age-adjusted OR of 1.13 (95% CI, 0.99-1.30), the adjusted OR decreased to 1.00 (95% CI, 0.86-1.16) after controlling for all variables. On the other hand, there were no dose-dependent associations between radiation dose and post-traumatic stress. CONCLUSION Although external radiation doses were not associated with psychological distress, evacuation and perception of radiation risk may increase the risk of psychological distress in women in the higher dose group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Miura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagao
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Okazaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Physical Therapy, Fukushima Medical University School of Health Sciences, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Hayashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Harigane
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Itagaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ishikawa
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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PTSD among road traffic accident survivors in africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Amone-P'Olak K, Omech B, Kakinda AI, Kibedi H. Echoes of the past: prevalence and correlates of PTSD among formerly abducted youths in northern Uganda: findings from the WAYS study. Gen Psychiatr 2022; 35:e100840. [DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2022-100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has considerable and persistent effects on survivors of war, particularly in postconflict areas. Yet, evidence on what keeps survivors on the path of PTSD remains scarce.AimsThe current study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of PTSD symptoms among the war-affected population in northern Uganda.MethodsData from 476 war-affected youths (aged 20–27 years) who had participated in a longitudinal cohort study were analysed to describe the enduring associations of background and postwar environmental risk factors with PTSD symptoms. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised was used to evaluate symptoms of PTSD. Descriptive statistics were used to compute background and postwar environmental correlates. Binary logistic regression analyses were fitted to assess the magnitude of the effects of the correlates on PTSD symptoms.ResultsBackground and postwar environmental factors (eg, sexual abuse and injury in captivity) were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms. Postwar environmental factors associated with PTSD symptoms included postwar hardships, stigma/discrimination, chronic illness, community relations, family acceptance and general functioning, among others. The odds ratios (ORs) for post-war hardships were 2.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63 to 3.56) and 2.90 (95% CI: 2.03 to 4.14) for high and severe PTSD, respectively. For stigma/discrimination, compared with higher scores, the ORs were 3.38 (95% CI: 2.22 to 5.17) and 4.12 (95% CI: 2.69 to 6.30) for high and severe PTSD symptoms, respectively.ConclusionsBackground and postwar environmental stressors exacerbate the severity of PTSD symptoms in survivors of war and should form the basis for interventions to alleviate the toxic effects of war on survivors.
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Valladares-Garrido MJ, Zapata-Castro LE, Peralta CI, García-Vicente A, Astudillo-Rueda D, León-Figueroa DA, Díaz-Vélez C. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after the 6.1 Magnitude Earthquake in Piura, Peru: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11035. [PMID: 36078753 PMCID: PMC9518033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Peru, major disasters like the 2007 Pisco earthquake have produced high rates of post-traumatic stress. However, evidence is still needed to strengthen interventions. In 2021, a major earthquake struck Piura, in northern Peru. In this context, we aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted during August-September 2021 in people who experienced the 6.1 Piura earthquake on 30 July 2021. The questionnaire included the PCL-C, CD-RISC, ISI, HFIAS, and additional demographic data. Generalized linear models were used. The prevalence of PTSD was 20.3%. Household income was between PEN 2001 and 3000 (PR = 4.26, 95% CI: 1.08-16.75), smoking (PR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.03-6.01), experience of a nervous breakdown (PR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.09-3.09), moderate food insecurity (PR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.10-7.73), and severe insomnia (PR = 8.25, 95% CI: 2.22-30.71) increased the prevalence of PTSD. One out of five individuals experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms after the 2021 earthquake in Piura, which varies depending on socioeconomic, psychosocial, and individual factors. Further research should strengthen these findings to ensure a fair and early mental health intervention against new seismic events in this and other Peruvian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
- Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Luis E. Zapata-Castro
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Piura (SOCIEMUNP), Piura 20002, Peru
| | - C. Ichiro Peralta
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15088, Peru
| | - Abigaíl García-Vicente
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Piura (SOCIEMUNP), Piura 20002, Peru
| | | | - Darwin A. León-Figueroa
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15013, Peru
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Cristian Díaz-Vélez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo 13008, Peru
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación-IETSI, EsSalud, Lima 15072, Peru
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Moderating Effect of Personal and Community Resilience on the Relationship Between Disaster Trauma, Disaster Conflict, Economic Loss, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e212. [PMID: 35929353 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of disaster trauma, disaster conflict, and economic loss on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and to verify the moderating effect of personal and community resilience in these relationships. The data of 1914 people, aged 20 or above, who had experienced natural disasters (earthquake, typhoon, flooding) were used. METHODS Hayes's (2013) PROCESS macro (Model 1) was conducted to verify the moderation effect of personal and community resilience between PTSD and disaster trauma, disaster conflict, and economic loss. RESULTS Disaster trauma, disaster conflict, and economic loss were found to be positively related to PTSD. Personal and community resilience were negatively related to PTSD. Resilience had a moderating effect on the relationship between disaster trauma, economic loss, and PTSD. However, there was no moderating effect on the relationship between disaster conflict and PTSD. Community resilience had a moderating effect on the relationship between economic loss and PTSD. However, there was no moderating effect on the relationship between disaster trauma, disaster conflict, and PTSD. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that personal and community resilience could be used for prevention and therapeutic interventions for disaster victims who experience PTSD.
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Golitaleb M, Mazaheri E, Bonyadi M, Sahebi A. Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder After Flood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:890671. [PMID: 35815011 PMCID: PMC9259936 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.890671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Flood as the most common kind of the natural disasters has unpleased short, medium, and long-term consequences on the victims' welfare, relationships, and physical and mental health. One of the most common mental health disorders in these victims is Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of PTSD on the flood victims. Methods Data resources including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, Google Scholar, conference and congress papers, key journals, the reference list of selected articles as well as systematic reviews were searched to identify studies that reported the prevalence of PTSD in flood victims. Random Effect Model was used to perform meta-analysis of the studies. Cochran test and I2 indicator were used to explore heterogeneity between the studies. Publication bias of the study was evaluated using Begg'test. Data were analyzed by STATA (version 14) software. Results After a comprehensive search, 515 papers were extracted. After eliminating duplicates and final screening, 23 studies were selected and entered the meta-analysis phase after qualitative evaluation. The results showed that the prevalence of PTSD in flood victims is 29.48% (95% CI: 18.64-40.31, I2 = 99.3%, p-value < 0.001). Conclusion The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of PTSD is relatively high in the flood victims. So, it is necessary to take preventive, supportive, therapeutic and effective actions for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Golitaleb
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mazaheri
- Health Information Technology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Bonyadi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Sahebi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Yun SM, Choi YJ. Simulation-Based Education for Nurses in Caring for the Psychological Well-being of Survivors of Disaster. J Contin Educ Nurs 2022; 53:131-136. [PMID: 35244459 DOI: 10.3928/00220124-20220210-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Nurses require continuing education and training to maintain comprehensive and cooperative relationships with the survivors of disasters, understand their environment, and secure their safety. Method The aim of this study was to develop and test a psychological first aid nursing simulation that involved a standardized patient admitted to the emergency department after an earthquake. A nonrandomized feasibility trial was applied to test the effects of the program. The effects of the simulation were measured according to the participants' psychological first aid knowledge, performance competence, and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using descriptive, difference, and correlation analyses. Results A total of 24 emergency nurses participated in this study. The results showed significant differences in psychological first aid knowledge, performance competence, and self-efficacy between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion The psychological first aid training program used in this study was effective in improving nurses' psychological first aid knowledge, performance competence, and self-efficacy. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2022;53(3):131-136.].
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Post-Traumatic Outcomes among Survivors of the Earthquake in Central Italy of August 24, 2016. A Study on PTSD Risk and Vulnerability Factors. Psychiatr Q 2021; 92:1489-1511. [PMID: 33974161 PMCID: PMC8531086 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Central Italy suffered from the earthquake of 2016 resulting in great damage to the community. The purpose of the present study was to determine the long-term traumatic outcomes among the population. A preliminary study aimed at obtaining the Italian translation of the first 16 item of HTQ IV part [1] which was administered, 20 months after the disaster, at 281 survivors. In backward stepwise logistic regressions models, we estimated among the respondent's characteristics and event-related variables the best predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) revealed a HTQ five-factors solution as best model, with satisfactory indexes of fit. HTQ held a positive correlation with both the SQD-P (r = .65, p < .05) and SQD-D subscales (r = .47, p < .05). ROC analysis suggested an area of .951 (95% CI = .917-.985) for the PTSD prediction. Basing on sensibility (.963) and specificity (.189), the best cut-off of 2.0 allowed discriminating for PTSD positive cases. After 20 months of the earthquake, the estimate prevalence of PTSD among the survivors is of 21.71% with a consistent and graded association between exposure variables and vulnerability factors (gender, age, exposure to death and home damage) and PTSD symptoms.
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After a disaster: Validation of PTSD checklist for DSM-5 and the four- and eight-item abbreviated versions in mental health service users. Psychiatry Res 2021; 305:114197. [PMID: 34537541 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and disabling condition developing in one of four survivors after an earthquake. Brief and self-reported validated measures for assessing PTSD symptom severity are necessary to improve care access and assess disorder progress and treatment response. Therefore, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the PTSD-Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5) of 20-, 8- and 4-item in patients that sought specialized mental health services after a catastrophic earthquake that stroke Mexico on September 19th, 2017. The internal consistency of 20-, 8- and 4-item PCL-5 was adequate (≥.7). Using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) as a reference, signal detection analyses revealed a PCL-5 score of 27 as optimal (sensitivity = .96, specificity = .73) for identifying probable PTSD cases. The shortened versions highly correlated with the full PCL-5 and had comparable diagnostic utility. Our results indicate that the 20-item PCL-5 and the abridged versions can effectively identify possible PTSD cases. The 8-item version has better psychometric properties and more consistent diagnostic utility across time and civil populations. These measures must be evaluated in independent samples to corroborate their utility in different populations and regarding diverse traumatic events.
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Parental Internalizing Psychopathology and PTSD in Offspring after the 2012 Earthquake in Italy. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100930. [PMID: 34682196 PMCID: PMC8535087 DOI: 10.3390/children8100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in youths after earthquakes, with parental psychopathology among the most significant predictors. This study investigated the contribution and the interactional effects of parental internalizing psychopathology, the severity of exposure to the earthquake, and past traumatic events to predict PTSD in offspring, also testing the reverse pattern. Two years after the 2012 earthquake in Italy, 843 children and adolescents (9-15 years) living in two differently affected areas were administered a questionnaire on traumatic exposure and the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index. Anxiety, depression, and somatization were assessed in 1162 parents through the SCL-90-R. General linear model showed that, for offspring in the high-impact area, predictors of PTSD were earthquake exposure, past trauma, and parental internalizing symptoms, taken individually. An interaction between earthquake exposure and parental depression or anxiety (not somatization) was also found. In the low-impact area, youth PTSD was only predicted by earthquake exposure. The reverse pattern was significant, with parental psychopathology explained by offspring PTSD. Overall, findings support the association between parental and offspring psychopathology after natural disasters, emphasizing the importance of environmental factors in this relationship. Although further research is needed, these results should be carefully considered when developing mental health interventions.
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Sherman AC, Park CL, Salsman JM, Williams ML, Amick BC, Hudson TJ, Messias EL, Simonton-Atchley S. Anxiety, depressive, and trauma symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evaluating the role of disappointment with God. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:245-253. [PMID: 34217962 PMCID: PMC8437139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to pervasive social and economic disruptions. This cross-sectional investigation aimed to evaluate associations between religious/spiritual factors and mental health symptoms among community residents in a southern US state. In particular, we focused on perceptions of God's distance, a salient aspect of religious/spiritual struggle that has received little scrutiny in health research. METHODS Participants included 551 respondents assessed during a period of gradual reopening but rising infection rates. Mental health outcomes were assessed using standardized measures of generalized anxiety, depression, and trauma symptoms. Perceptions of an affirming relationship with God, anger at God, and disappointment at God's distance were evaluated using an adapted version of the Attitudes-Toward-God Scale-9. RESULTS In multivariate analyses that accounted for pandemic-related and demographic factors, positive relationships with God were related to diminished symptoms on all three mental heatlh indices (all p's ≤.003), whereas disappointment with God's distance was associated with more pronounced difficulties (all p's ≤.014). LIMTATIONS The cross-sectional design precludes causal conclusions. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that perceived relationships with God are tied to clinically relevant mental health outcomes during periods of major upheaval. Disappointment with God's distance may be an important, understudied dimension of religious/spiritual struggle meriting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen C. Sherman
- Behavioral Medicine Division, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Corresponding author at: Behavioral Medicine, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Crystal L. Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - John M. Salsman
- Wake Forest School of Medicine and the Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark L Williams
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Benjamin C Amick
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Teresa J. Hudson
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Erick L. Messias
- Faculty Affairs, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Synergistic Effect of History of Cardiovascular Disease and Mental Distress on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Fukushima Health Management Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910283. [PMID: 34639586 PMCID: PMC8508551 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mental distress have been suggested to be associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the effect of their combination on PTSD is unknown. We reviewed the synergistic effects of the history of CVD and mental distress on the possibility of PTSD among residents in Fukushima after the Great East Japan Earthquake. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 38,392 participants aged 40–74 years in the evacuation area who applied for the Fukushima Health Management Study in Fiscal Year 2011. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to investigate the combined effect of history of CVD and mental distress on PTSD. We identified 8104 probable cases of PTSD (21.1%). History of CVD, mental distress, and their combination were positively associated with probable PTSD: the multivariable ORs (95% CIs) were 1.44 (1.04, 2.01), 20.08 (18.14, 22.22), and 26.60 (23.07, 30.67), respectively. There was a significant increase in RERI: the corresponding RERI (95% CI) and AP were 6.08 (3.16, 9.00) and 22.9%. Gender-specific analyses showed similar associations. Thus, we found a supra-additive association of history of CVD and mental distress with probable PTSD after the disaster.
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Amanda AR, Hidajah AC, Wahyuni CU. The Effect of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Women After The Earthquake in Central Sulawesi. JURNAL BERKALA EPIDEMIOLOGI 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/jbe.v9i32021.303-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder caused by uncommon occurrences such as threats or catastrophic events. Women are particularly susceptible to developing PTSD, as they have a range of threat perceptions. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of PTSD on women survivor of the earthquake in the Sigi Biromaru sub-district of Central Sulawesi. Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted using a cross-sectional design. The population for this study were housewives who have been displaced by the earthquake and are currently residing in temporary shelters (Huntara) in a village located in the Sigi Biromaru sub-district. The instrument used in this study was the PTSD measurement questionnaire sheet. It was conducted from March to April 2020 and included a total of 115 participants. Univariate analysis was used to determine the respondents’ characteristics, including their age, education, occupation, income, and a description of the PTSD condition. Results: The results show that the majority of respondents experienced severe PTSD (70.43%). Most of the respondents (35.65%) were between the ages of 37 and 46, were senior high school graduates (40%), were unemployed (74%), and had earnings of < 2,500,000 (85.22%). Three variables that affect PTSD are education with a p-value of 0.03 < 0.05, job/occupation with a p-value of 0.02 < 0.05, and income with a p-value of 0.03 < 0.05. Conclusion: Women who are elderly, have a low level of education, are unemployed, and have low income are more vulnerable to experiencing PTSD.
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Qiu D, Li Y, Li L, He J, Ouyang F, Xiao S. Infectious Disease Outbreak and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:668784. [PMID: 34421723 PMCID: PMC8376538 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.668784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As one of the most widely researched consequence of traumatic events, the prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among people exposed to the trauma resulting from infectious disease outbreak varies greatly across studies. This review aimed at examining the pooled prevalence of PTSS among people exposed to the trauma resulting from infectious disease outbreak, summarizing the possible causes of the inconsistencies in the current estimates. Methods: Systematic searches of databases were conducted for literature published on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, PsycArticles, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) until 14 October 2020. Statistical analyses were performed using R software (registration number: CRD42020182366). Results: About 106 studies were included. The results showed that the pooled prevalence of PTSS among the general population exposed to the trauma resulting from infectious disease outbreak was 24.20% (95% CI: 18.54-30.53%), the pooled prevalence of PTSS among healthcare workers was 24.35% (95% CI: 18.38-1.51%), the pooled prevalence of PTSS among patients with infectious disease was 28.83% (95% CI: 18.53-44.86%), and the pooled prevalence of PTSS among suspected cases of infectious disease was 25.04% (95% CI: 18.05-34.73%). Mortality rate was a significant contributor to heterogeneity. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that PTSS were very common among people exposed to the trauma resulting from infectious disease outbreak. Health policymakers should consider both short-term and long-term preventive strategy of PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yilu Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feiyun Ouyang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Mei S, Liang L, Ren H, Hu Y, Qin Z, Cao R, Li C, Fei J, Yuan T, Meng C, Guo X, Lv J, Hu Y. Association Between Perceived Stress and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan City. Front Public Health 2021; 9:666460. [PMID: 34395359 PMCID: PMC8356076 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.666460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived stress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among frontline medical staff during the lockdown in Wuhan city, China, due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: The study was conducted in August 2020, which included 516 medical staff between 21 to 65 years. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian, Perceived Stress Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Compassion Fatigue Short Scale were used. Results: The results indicated that 10.5% of the medical staff experienced PTSD symptoms, and insomnia severity mediated the effect of perceived stress on PTSD. In addition, compassion fatigue moderated the association between perceived stress and PTSD. Conclusion: The study elucidated the mechanisms underlying the association between perceived stress and PTSD. Moreover, it emphasized the importance of long-term monitoring of the mental health status of frontline medical staff who supported Wuhan. The results can serve as reference for relevant medical and health departments to formulate active interventions and preventive measures against PTSD for unsung heroes who put their lives on the line during difficult times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songli Mei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Leilei Liang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Ren
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yueyang Hu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zeying Qin
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruilin Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuanen Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junsong Fei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tongshuang Yuan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cuicui Meng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinmeng Guo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianping Lv
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanchao Hu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Hyseni Duraku Z, Uka F, Cërmjani D, Ramadani F, Bajgora S. An early assessment of presence of probable post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated risk factors in a cohort of survivors of the 2019 Albania earthquake. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Rajkumar RP, Stommel EW, Kulesza R, Mansour Y, Rico-Villanueva A, Flores-Vázquez JO, Brito-Aguilar R, Ramírez-Sánchez S, García-Alonso G, Chávez-Franco DA, Luévano-Castro SC, García-Rojas E, Revueltas-Ficachi P, Villarreal-Ríos R, Mukherjee PS. Brainstem Quadruple Aberrant Hyperphosphorylated Tau, Beta-Amyloid, Alpha-Synuclein and TDP-43 Pathology, Stress and Sleep Behavior Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6689. [PMID: 34206224 PMCID: PMC8297352 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau (p-τ), amyloid-β peptide, alpha-synuclein and TDP-43 brainstem and supratentorial pathology are documented in forensic ≤40y autopsies in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC), and p-τ is the major aberrant protein. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an elevated risk of subsequent dementia, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is documented in PD, AD, Lewy body dementia and ALS. This study aimed to identify an association between PTSD and potential pRBD in Mexico. An anonymous online survey of 4502 urban college-educated adults, 29.3 ± 10.3 years; MMC, n = 1865; non-MMC, n = 2637, measured PTSD symptoms using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and pRBD symptoms using the RBD Single-Question. Over 50% of the participants had IES-R scores ≥33 indicating probable PTSD. pRBD was identified in 22.6% of the participants across Mexico and 32.7% in MMC residents with PTSD. MMC subjects with PTSD had an OR 2.6218 [2.5348, 2.7117] of answering yes to the pRBD. PTSD and pRBD were more common in women. This study showed an association between PTSD and pRBD, strengthening the possibility of a connection with misfolded proteinopathies in young urbanites. We need to confirm the RBD diagnosis using an overnight polysomnogram. Mexican women are at high risk for stress and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (J.O.F.-V.); (R.B.-A.); (S.R.-S.); (G.G.-A.); (D.A.C.-F.); (S.C.L.-C.); (E.G.-R.); (P.R.-F.)
| | - Ravi Philip Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India;
| | - Elijah W. Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Randy Kulesza
- Auditory Research Center, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA;
| | - Yusra Mansour
- Henry Ford Macomb, Department of Otolaryngology—Facial Plastic Surgery, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA;
| | - Adriana Rico-Villanueva
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (J.O.F.-V.); (R.B.-A.); (S.R.-S.); (G.G.-A.); (D.A.C.-F.); (S.C.L.-C.); (E.G.-R.); (P.R.-F.)
| | - Jorge Orlando Flores-Vázquez
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (J.O.F.-V.); (R.B.-A.); (S.R.-S.); (G.G.-A.); (D.A.C.-F.); (S.C.L.-C.); (E.G.-R.); (P.R.-F.)
| | - Rafael Brito-Aguilar
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (J.O.F.-V.); (R.B.-A.); (S.R.-S.); (G.G.-A.); (D.A.C.-F.); (S.C.L.-C.); (E.G.-R.); (P.R.-F.)
| | - Silvia Ramírez-Sánchez
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (J.O.F.-V.); (R.B.-A.); (S.R.-S.); (G.G.-A.); (D.A.C.-F.); (S.C.L.-C.); (E.G.-R.); (P.R.-F.)
| | - Griselda García-Alonso
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (J.O.F.-V.); (R.B.-A.); (S.R.-S.); (G.G.-A.); (D.A.C.-F.); (S.C.L.-C.); (E.G.-R.); (P.R.-F.)
| | - Diana A. Chávez-Franco
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (J.O.F.-V.); (R.B.-A.); (S.R.-S.); (G.G.-A.); (D.A.C.-F.); (S.C.L.-C.); (E.G.-R.); (P.R.-F.)
| | - Samuel C. Luévano-Castro
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (J.O.F.-V.); (R.B.-A.); (S.R.-S.); (G.G.-A.); (D.A.C.-F.); (S.C.L.-C.); (E.G.-R.); (P.R.-F.)
| | - Edgar García-Rojas
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (J.O.F.-V.); (R.B.-A.); (S.R.-S.); (G.G.-A.); (D.A.C.-F.); (S.C.L.-C.); (E.G.-R.); (P.R.-F.)
| | - Paula Revueltas-Ficachi
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (J.O.F.-V.); (R.B.-A.); (S.R.-S.); (G.G.-A.); (D.A.C.-F.); (S.C.L.-C.); (E.G.-R.); (P.R.-F.)
| | | | - Partha S. Mukherjee
- Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India;
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Kim SY, Yang K, Oh IH, Park S, Cheong HK, Hwang JW. Incidence and Direct Medical Cost of Acute Stress Disorder and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Korea: Based on National Health Insurance Service Claims Data from 2011 to 2017. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e125. [PMID: 33975398 PMCID: PMC8111042 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the annual incidence of trauma and stress-related mental disorder including acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using the National Health Insurance Service Database. In addition, we estimated direct medical cost of ASD and PTSD in Korea. METHODS To examine the incidence, we selected patients who had at least one medical claim containing a 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems code for ASD (F43.0) and PTSD (F43.1) and had not been diagnosed in the previous 360 days, from 2010 to 2017. We estimated annual incidence and the number of newly diagnosed patients of ASD and PTSD. Annual prevalence and direct medical cost of ASD and PTSD were also estimated. RESULTS The number of newly diagnosed cases of ASD and PTSD from 2011 to 2017 totaled 38,298 and 21,402, respectively. The mean annual incidence of ASD ranged from 8.4 to 13.7 per 100,000 population and that of PTSD ranged from 4.2 to 8.3 per 100,000 population, respectively. The incidence of ASD was found more in females and was highest among the 70-79 years of age group and the self-employed individuals group. The incidence of PTSD was also more common in the female group. However, the incidence of PTSD was highest in the 60-69 years of age group and in the medical aid beneficiaries group. The annual estimated medical cost per person of ASD ranged from 104 to 149 US dollars (USD). In addition, that of PTSD ranged from 310 to 426 USD. CONCLUSION From 2011 to 2017, the annual incidence and direct medical cost of ASD and PTSD in Korea were increased. Proper information on ASD and PTSD will not only allows us to accumulate more knowledge about these disorders themselves but also lead to more appropriate therapeutic interventions by improving the ability to cope with these trauma related psychiatric sequelae.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Psychological
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- Direct Service Costs/statistics & numerical data
- Female
- Humans
- Incidence
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Insurance Claim Review/economics
- Insurance Claim Review/statistics & numerical data
- Male
- Middle Aged
- National Health Programs
- Republic of Korea/epidemiology
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/economics
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology
- Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute/diagnosis
- Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute/economics
- Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute/epidemiology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | - KyoJin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - In Hwan Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Saengryeol Park
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyeon Kyoung Cheong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Won Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
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Stroebe K, Kanis B, Richardson J, Oldersma F, Broer J, Greven F, Postmes T. Chronic disaster impact: the long-term psychological and physical health consequences of housing damage due to induced earthquakes. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040710. [PMID: 33952531 PMCID: PMC8103378 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the long-term (psychosomatic) health consequences of man-made earthquakes compared with a non-exposure control group. Exposure was hypothesised to have an increasingly negative impact on health outcomes over time. SETTING Large-scale gas extraction in the Netherlands causing earthquakes and considerable damage. PARTICIPANTS A representative sample of inhabitants randomly selected from municipal population records; contacted 5 times during 21 months (T1: N=3934; T5: N=2150; mean age: 56.54; 50% men; at T5, N=846 (39.3%) had no, 459 (21.3%) once and 736 (34.2%) repeated damages). MAIN MEASURES (Psychosomatic) health outcomes: self-rated health and Mental Health Inventory (both: validated; Short Form Health Survey); stress related health symptoms (shortened version of previously validated symptoms list). Independent variable: exposure to the consequences of earthquakes assessed via physical (peak ground acceleration) and personal exposure (damage to housing: none, once, repeated). RESULTS Exposure to induced earthquakes has negative health consequences especially for those whose homes were damaged repeatedly. Compared with a no-damage control group, repeated damage was associated with lower self-rated health (OR:1.64), mental health (OR:1.83) and more stress-related health symptoms (OR:2.52). Effects increased over time: in terms of relative risk, by T5, those whose homes had repeated damage were respectively 1.60 and 2.11 times more likely to report poor health and negative mental health and 2.84 times more at risk of elevated stress related health symptoms. Results for physical exposure were comparable. CONCLUSION This is the first study to provide evidence that induced earthquakes can have negative health consequences for inhabitants over time. It identifies the subpopulation particularly at risk: people with repeated damages who have experienced many earthquakes. Findings can have important implications for the prevention of negative health consequences of induced earthquakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Stroebe
- Department of Social Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Babet Kanis
- Department of Social Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Justin Richardson
- Department of Social Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Oldersma
- Department for Statistics and Research, Municipality of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Broer
- ABPG, Municipal Health Services, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Greven
- Department of Environmental Health, Municipal Health Services, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Postmes
- Department of Social Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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50
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Nobakht HN, Ojagh FS, Dale KY. Validity, Reliability and Internal Consistency of Persian Versions of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Traumatic Exposure Severity Scale and the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire. J Trauma Dissociation 2021; 22:332-348. [PMID: 33416029 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2020.1869640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Traumatic Exposure Severity Scale (TESS) and the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ) are questionnaires widely used in studies of trauma and dissociation. This study aimed to examine the validity of the Persian versions of these questionnaires among a total of 230 individuals from the cities of Kermanshah and Sarpol-e Zahab that had experienced 2017 Iran earthquake. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis did not support the original five-factor solution for the TESS. Two principal component analyses resulted in a four-component solution for a revised version of the scale. PDEQ scores, TESS scores, and its sub-scales, were found to significantly correlate with a PTSD measure with their effect sizes ranging from medium to large according to Cohen's guidelines. Furthermore, significant correlations between two sub-scales of the CTQ and a dissociation measure were found with medium effect sizes. Consequently, reliability and validity measures obtained from the sample of this study were supportive of the use of the Persian versions of the TESS, the PDEQ, and the CTQ among Persian-speaking populations. Further research on psychological responses to earthquakes and other natural disasters can provide the opportunity for cross-cultural comparisons in terms of specific resilience factors and vulnerabilities following mass trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Niyaraq Nobakht
- International Centre for Research in Human Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Faeze Sadat Ojagh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karl Yngvar Dale
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
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