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Ilic I, Zivanovic Macuzic I, Ilic M. High risk of burnout syndrome and associated factors in medical students: A cross-sectional analytical study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304515. [PMID: 38820370 PMCID: PMC11142520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although research on burnout syndrome in medical students has increased in recent years, results are inconsistent about which factors are associated with a high risk for burnout syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of high risk of burnout syndrome and to identify factors associated with burnout in medical students in preclinical and clinical training. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Kragujevac, Serbia. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey and an epidemiological questionnaire on basic socio-demographic and academic characteristics were used. Statistical evaluation was performed through logistic regression analysis, using Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI). RESULTS Among medical students, no statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of high risk of burnout syndrome in preclinical (14.8%) and clinical grade (15.1%), p > 0.05. High risk for burnout syndrome in preclinical study years was independently associated with the female sex (adjusted OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.19-0.91, p = 0.028), and cigarette smoking (adjusted OR = 2.47, 95%CI = 1.05-5.78, p = 0.038). The high risk of burnout syndrome was associated with sedatives use (adjusted OR = 4.03, 95%CI = 1.27-12.73; p = 0.018) only in clinical years medical students. The frequency of alcohol consumption was correlated with the high risk of burnout syndrome in medical students in both preclinical and clinical training, but without statistical significance (both p for trend < 0.1). CONCLUSION There was a significant prevalence of burnout among medical students, with some modifiable associated factors revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Zivanovic Macuzic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Beshr MS, Beshr IA, Al-Qubati H. The prevalence of depression and anxiety among medical students in Yemen: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:366-370. [PMID: 38401805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students may experience mental health disorders like anxiety and depression during medical school, which can negatively impact their productivity, education, and overall quality of life. Currently, there are no studies examining the mental health of medical students in Yemen. Our study aimed to estimate prevalence of depression and anxiety among Yemeni medical students. METHODS The study utilized a cross-sectional design. A survey was conducted using validated psychometric tests: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety. A survey of medical students from 10 Yemeni medical schools took place from June 6 to July 20, 2023. It included only actively enrolled students in the 7-year undergraduate program. RESULTS A total of 706 responses were collected. The prevalence of depression was 48.4 % for cases classified as moderate, moderately severe, and severe, while it was 20 % for cases categorized as moderately severe and severe. The rate of suicide ideation was 14.7 %. Anxiety was found to have a prevalence of 34.8 % for cases categorized as moderate and severe. Furthermore, both depression and anxiety were higher among females, and in earlier academic years; all of these associations had a p-value <0.05. Conversely, age, living status, income stability, and displacement risk all showed no significant association with depression or anxiety. CONCLUSION Our study highlighted the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Yemeni medical students. Tailored interventions are imperative to address these challenges. Future research needs to examine the root causes that might contribute to these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Beshr
- Sana'a University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Yemen.
| | - Ibrahem A Beshr
- Sana'a University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Yemen
| | - Hibah Al-Qubati
- Sana'a University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Yemen
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Akbayram HT, Keten HS. The Relationship between Religion, Spirituality, Psychological Well-Being, Psychological Resilience, Life Satisfaction of Medical Students in the Gaziantep, Turkey. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02027-2. [PMID: 38512598 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Religion and spirituality have been associated with better psychological health. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the psychological well-being, psychological resilience, life satisfaction and religion/spirituality. An online cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Turkey. The data were collected by using Personal Information Form, Individual Religion Inventory (IRI), Psychological Wellbeing Scale (PWBS), Brief Psychological Resilience Scale (BPRS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). A total of 399 students participated in the study, 84% of them stated that they were Muslim. The perception of good psychological health was significantly higher among Muslims (32.7%) than non-Muslims (14.3%) (p = 0.013). The PWBS, BPRS, SWLS scores were significantly higher in those who attached very importance to religious/spiritual practices compared to those who attached little importance. While PWBS scores and BPRS scores did not differ, the SWLS scores was significantly higher in Muslims compared with the non-Muslims. A positive correlation was found between the IRI scores and PWBS (r = 0.446 p < 0.001), BPRS (r = 0.252 p < 0.001), and SWLS scores (r = 0.450 p < 0.001) for Muslim participants. The study showed that giving importance to religious/spiritual practices is associated with better psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Tuba Akbayram
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Hamit Sirri Keten
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey.
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Amaral MLDC, da Silva IM, Bello AF, da Silva FC, Romão GS, Trapani A. Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety, depression and burnout in gynecology and obstetrics residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRÍCIA 2024; 46:e-rbgo17. [PMID: 38765522 PMCID: PMC11075398 DOI: 10.61622/rbgo/2024ao17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence of anxiety, depression and burnout in residents of Gynecology and Obstetrics during COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and its associated factors. Methods Cross-sectional study involving all regions of Brazil, through the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) instrument. Multivariate analysis was performed after adjusting the Poisson model. Results Among the 719 participating medical residents, screening was positive for anxiety in 75.7% and for depression in 49.8% of cases. Burnout syndrome was evidenced in 41.3% of the physicians studied. Those with depression are more likely to have anxiety (OR 0.797; 95%CI 0.687 - 0.925) and burnout syndrome (OR 0.847 95%CI 0.74 - 0.97). Residents with anxiety (OR 0.805; 95%CI 0.699 - 0.928) and burnout (OR 0.841; 95%CI 0.734 - 0.963) are more likely to have depression. Conclusion High prevalence of anxiety, depression and burnout were found in residents of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Brazil, in addition to important correlations between anxiety-depression and depression-burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela Michel da Silva
- University of Southern Santa CatarinaPalhoçaSCBrazilUniversity of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, SC, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Ferreira Bello
- University of Southern Santa CatarinaPalhoçaSCBrazilUniversity of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, SC, Brazil.
| | - Franciele Cascaes da Silva
- University of Southern Santa CatarinaPalhoçaSCBrazilUniversity of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, SC, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Salata Romão
- Univesity of Ribeirão PretoRibeirão PretoSPBrazilUnivesity of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alberto Trapani
- Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianýpolisSCBrazilFederal University of Santa Catarina, Florianýpolis, SC, Brazil.
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Okoro TE, Chikezie UE. Prevalence of alcohol and other psychoactive substance abuse and association with depression among medical students in Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 47:90. [PMID: 38737219 PMCID: PMC11087284 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.90.35997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction alcohol and other psychoactive substances have adverse health effects, particularly on young people. This study determined the prevalence of alcohol and other psychoactive substance abuse and its association with depression among Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, medical students. Methods a cross-sectional study involving 243 medical students who completed a patient-rated version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-PR). For analyzing the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. Results most respondents were 18 to 24 years old (67.1%), and 52.7% were male; the prevalence of major depressive episodes (current) and lifetime alcohol and other psychoactive use was 30.5%, 25.5%, and 21%, respectively. Also, the prevalence of current alcohol abuse and dependence was 5.8% and 4.9%, respectively. Alcohol use (χ2: 12.57, p = 0.001) and abuse (χ2: 22.33, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with depression. Psychoactive substance use was significantly associated with depression (χ2: 12.91, p = 0.001). The odds of having depression increased with the use of alcohol (OR: 3.54; 95% CI: 1.71-7.33) and psychoactive substances (OR: 4.52; 95% CI: 1.88-10.88). Conclusion alcohol and psychoactive substance use were significantly associated with depression. Organizing interventions to reduce such unhealthy social practices among medical students is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uzoechi Eze Chikezie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
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Prendergast M, Cardoso Pinto AM, Harvey CJ, Muir E. Burnout in early year medical students: experiences, drivers and the perceived value of a reflection-based intervention. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:7. [PMID: 38172864 PMCID: PMC10765935 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, burnout is defined as a syndrome resulting from chronic work-related stress that has not been successfully managed. Burnout is increasingly prevalent amongst medical students and has been shown to lead to worsened academic engagement, feelings of inadequacy, poor mental health and increased risk of withdrawal from the course. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of burnout amongst early year medical students and evaluate the perceived impact of a reflection-based intervention on their awareness and experience of burnout. METHODS The reflection-based intervention comprised two tutorials covering the presentation, drivers, impact and management strategies for burnout syndrome. These were introduced into the second-year medical curriculum at Imperial College London. As part of the reflection-based intervention, students were invited to complete an anonymous Qualtrics form three times during the academic year. This included the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) and a free-text question prompting the student to consider their stressors at the time of completing the intervention. The former is composed of 14-questions measuring the extent of feelings or behaviours suggestive of burnout, divided into three categories: physical fatigue, cognitive weariness and emotional exhaustion. At the end of the academic year, students were invited to participate in an online focus group to further explore their experience of burnout and their perceived value of the reflection-based intervention. Results of the SMBM were explored descriptively; free-text questions and the focus group transcript were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 59 submissions for the reflection-based intervention were analysed: 26 students participated and consented in the first round, 8 in the second and 25 in the third round. Overall median burnout scores were 4 (IQR 3-5), 2 (IQR 1-4) and 3 (IQR 2-5) in each round of the SMBM, respectively. A total of 8 (30.8%) met the threshold for severe burnout (≥ 4.4) in round 1 of the questionnaire, zero in the second round and 4 (16%) in the third round. Physical and cognitive fatigue showed higher median scores than emotional exhaustion in every round. Four students participated in the focus group, which had two sections. The first was reflecting on burnout in medical school and the intervention, which revealed four themes: (1) indicators of burnout (often insidious, but may involve lack of energy and motivation, or changes in perceived personality); (2) perceived drivers of burnout (perceived expectation that medical school is supposed to be challenging and consistent prioritisation of work over wellbeing); (3) working habits of medical students (unachievable self-expectations and feelings of guilt when not working); (4) value of the intervention (the teaching and reflection-based intervention prompted students to identify signs of burnout in themselves and consider management strategies). The second section included considerations for implementing burnout interventions into the medical school curriculum, which revealed three themes: (1) desire to learn about burnout (students hoped to gain insight into burnout and methods of prevention as part of their curriculum); (2) importance of community (group interventions and the involvement of Faculty helped students feel less isolated in their experiences); (3) feasibility of interventions (sustainable interventions are likely to be those that are efficient, such as using multiple-choice questions, and with allocated periods in their timetable). CONCLUSION Second-year medical students demonstrated symptoms and signs of burnout, including exhaustion, lack of motivation and changes in personality. They also expressed a desire to gain greater awareness of burnout and insight into preventative strategies within the medical curriculum. Whilst certain drivers of burnout can be prevented by students themselves through adequate prevention strategies, many remain systemic issues which require curriculum-level change to be effectively addressed. The students found that the reflection-based intervention was effective at improving their perception of burnout and a convenient tool to use, which could be implemented more widely and continued longer-term throughout medical school.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Muir
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
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Ebrahim OS, Sayed HA, Rabei S, Hegazy N. Perceived stress and anxiety among medical students at Helwan University: A cross-sectional study. J Public Health Res 2024; 13:22799036241227891. [PMID: 38313630 PMCID: PMC10838489 DOI: 10.1177/22799036241227891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Medical students are prone to high levels of perceived stress and anxiety, which can negatively impact their academic performance, as well as their physical and mental health. This study aimed to assess the main stressors, levels of perceived stress and anxiety, and their predictors among medical students. Design and methods A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 1696 medical students at Helwan University. A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate their perceived stress, stressors, and anxiety using the Perceived Stress Scale, Medical Students Stressor Questionnaire, and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Results Approximately 93% of medical students experienced moderate to high levels of stress, while 54.9% of medical students experienced moderate to concerning levels of anxiety. The main stressors were academic, teaching, social, intrapersonal, group activity, and desire-related stressors. Risk factors associated with higher perceived stress included being female, young age, living away from the family, obtaining lower academic percentages, having psychiatric, neurological, or other chronic medical illnesses, and experiencing higher levels of academic, intrapersonal, drive, and group activities-related stressors. Risk factors for higher anxiety included being female, residing in rural areas, having psychiatric, neurological, or other chronic medical illnesses, perceiving a high level of stress, and experiencing higher levels of academic, intrapersonal, and social-related stressors. Conclusions The findings indicate that a significant proportion of medical students experience various levels of stress and anxiety. These results underscore the urgent need for a stress management program, to help medical students to cope with different stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnya S Ebrahim
- Department of Community, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan Ali Sayed
- Department of Community, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Public Health, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah Rabei
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nelly Hegazy
- Department of Community, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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AlNahedh A, BinRusayyis A, Al-Tannir M, AlFayyad I. Prevalence of Depression and Burnout among Family Medicine Residents in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Health Psychol Res 2023; 11:90620. [PMID: 38162541 PMCID: PMC10756857 DOI: 10.52965/001c.90620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The mental health of healthcare workers, particularly family medicine residents, is an area of growing concern, more so in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. High levels of burnout and depression among these professionals can affect their well-being and patients' quality of care. Objectives The study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and burnout among family medicine residents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 213 family medicine residents, using a self-administered survey. The survey included the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 to assess burnout and depression. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participants' characteristics, and regression model was developed to explore predictors of burnout and depression. Results The mean age of participants was 26.85±1.42 years, and 53.3% were males. The study found a high prevalence of emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP) among participants, with mean scores of 21.10±9.38 and 15.44±7.69, respectively, indicating moderate to high levels. Similarly, a high level of personal accomplishment (PA) was reported, with a mean score of 11.46±6.33. Around 10% of participants reported moderately severe and severe depression, with a mean PHQ-9 scale score of 6.03±5.10. Gender and depression severity were significantly associated with burnout (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion The study underscores a significant prevalence of burnout and depression among family medicine residents in Riyadh, with notable variations across different demographic and professional characteristics. This necessitates tailored mental health interventions for this population, especially in challenging times like the ongoing pandemic.
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Agyapong-Opoku G, Agyapong B, Obuobi-Donkor G, Eboreime E. Depression and Anxiety among Undergraduate Health Science Students: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:1002. [PMID: 38131858 PMCID: PMC10740739 DOI: 10.3390/bs13121002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Health science students in post-secondary institutions experience high levels of depression and anxiety due to increased stress levels, workload, low socioeconomic status, and history of family mental illness, among other factors. Given the significant negative impact that depression and anxiety can have on undergraduate health science students, it is essential to understand the prevalence and correlation of these conditions in this population. In light of this, this scoping review aims to identify, document, and analyze the literature on the prevalence and determinants of anxiety and depression among undergraduate health sciences students and identify gaps in knowledge for future research. Methods: This scoping review was planned and executed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for the Scoping Reviews statement. A comprehensive and systematic search was carried out for five databases, namely MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PubMed. Results: From the literature identified by our search strategy, the lowest prevalence for anxiety was 5.8%, and the highest was 82.6%, with a median of 44.25%. The prevalence of depression ranged from a high of 88.8% to a low of 2.1%, with a median value of 34.8%. Our analysis revealed that correlates of anxiety and depression among health science students include sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, gender, relationships, ethnicity, and family history, personal health conditions, and academic and socioeconomic issues. Conclusions: With the high incidence of anxiety and depression among health science students, there is an increasing need to find practical remedies to support these students. It is also essential for policymakers and university authorities to implement interventions such as supportive text messages and other strategies geared toward providing support and improving the psychological well-being of health science students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Agyapong-Opoku
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Belinda Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Gloria Obuobi-Donkor
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada (E.E.)
| | - Ejemai Eboreime
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada (E.E.)
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dos Santos de Brito L, Pereira TN, dos Santos ER, de Barros TG, Martinez WD, dos Santos LL, Brienze VMS, de Abreu Lima AR, Bizotto TSG, André JC. Impact of students assistance policies on quality of life and mental health. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1266366. [PMID: 38034297 PMCID: PMC10682892 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1266366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Student assistance policies in higher education, in their various modalities, seek to reduce the dropout of a new profile of students, non-traditional, with socioeconomic weaknesses, promoting quality of life (QoL) and mental health during the university journey. In this context, the Student Social Support Center (C.A.S.A) promotes assistance to students who need personal and/or economic support. Objectives To evaluate the QoL and the presence of minor mental disorders (MMD) in students from the 1st to the 4th year of medicine at a public college in Brazil, comparing C.A.S.A beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. Materials and methods Cross-sectional study with 283 students. SRQ-20 and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires were used, in addition to a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic data. Results The general average of QoL was regular in the four evaluated domains (physical, psychological, social relationships, environment) and 55.5% of the students have evidence of MMD, in which the QoL scores are lower in all domains. The environment domain, which discusses socioeconomic conditions, has the worst score among C.A.S.A beneficiaries and the best among C.A.S.A non-beneficiaries. Discussion The data corroborate the fragile situation of mental health and QoL of medical students. The student assistance modality of the analyzed program possibly presents vulnerabilities in its performance since the environment domain, the one with the lowest score among the program beneficiaries, precisely encompasses financial resources, access to goods and leisure and the individual's physical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara dos Santos de Brito
- Center for Studies and Development of Health Education – CEDES, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Arabatzis TJ, Doroshenko J, Ashraf MA, Smith RM. A Pilot Study of Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder in Medical Students at an Osteopathic Medical School Before and After High-Stakes Examinations. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2023; 14:1259-1271. [PMID: 38028372 PMCID: PMC10643258 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s426015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Given the high prevalence of symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) in medical students, identifying factors that impact the development of such symptoms is important. Previous data suggest that medical students can experience symptoms of MDD after medical school exams. It is not known if medical students experience more symptoms of MDD directly before or after exams. The aim of the current study is to determine the prevalence of symptoms of MDD in first- and second-year medical students directly before and after high-stakes medical school examinations. Methods Two anonymous surveys were sent via REDCap to first- and second-year medical students at the University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine. A pre-exam survey on the day of the exam asking about the past three days' MDD symptoms, and a post-exam survey sent three days after the exam asking about MDD symptoms experienced after the exam was sent out to a total of 391 students with a response rate of 23%. Results First- and second-year medical students regardless of gender experienced symptoms of MDD at higher rates before exams than afterwards. Female students experienced symptoms of MDD (as defined by the DSM-5) including sadness, sleep disturbances, and feelings of guilt or worthlessness at a greater rate compared to males before exams. After exams, females were more likely to experience sleep disturbances and decreased energy. Second-year male students were the least likely to experience symptoms of MDD. Conclusion First- and second-year medical students can experience symptoms of MDD surrounding exams. This study highlights the emotional burden that students may carry near exams. It underscores the importance of further research on this topic to evaluate the effect exams have on the mental health of medical students during their training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taxiarhia J Arabatzis
- Department of Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Residency Program, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Justin Doroshenko
- Department of Emergency Medicine Residency Program, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Muhammad A Ashraf
- Diagnostic Radiology Residency Program, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Ryan M Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME, USA
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Amamou B, Alouani S, Ben Haouala A, Alouani S, Tlili MA, Mhalla A, Zaafrane F, Gaha L. Depression among medical students in Tunisia: Prevalence and associated factors. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:772-783. [PMID: 38058690 PMCID: PMC10696287 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i10.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical school is known for its lengthy process, which is both physically and emotionally draining. Students' mental balance would shrink as they progress in their medical training. A systematic review and meta-analysis reported that the prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students remained relatively constant at 27.2%. AIM To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms among Tunisian medical students and evaluate its associated factors. METHODS This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was carried out in the second semester of the academic year 2017/2018, between April 2018 and July 2018 among 1138 medical students. Data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). RESULTS Sixty-four percent (n = 728) of the participants had depressive symptoms, of which 266 (23.4%) met the criteria for mild, 271 (23.8%) for moderate, and 191 (16.8%) for severe depressive symptoms. Female gender, low socio-economic level, smoking habits and history of mental disorder, performing leisure and physical activities, satisfaction toward a career choice, and happiness perception were the main prognostic factors for depression among medical students. Although academic grades may not be considered a prognostic factor, final-year students appeared to be less depressive than their colleagues. CONCLUSION These findings give insight into mental health issues and comorbidities among Tunisian medical students. It is a hopeful request for decision-makers and academic authorities to set serious measures and draw effective interventions to minimize the currency of psychological distress among this subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badii Amamou
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Sondess Alouani
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Amjed Ben Haouala
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Saoussen Alouani
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ayoub Tlili
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Mhalla
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Ferid Zaafrane
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Gaha
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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Popescu CA, Tegzeșiu AM, Suciu SM, Covaliu BF, Armean SM, Uță TA, Sîrbu AC. Evolving Mental Health Dynamics among Medical Students amid COVID-19: A Comparative Analysis of Stress, Depression, and Alcohol Use among Medical Students. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1854. [PMID: 37893572 PMCID: PMC10608214 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has posed an array of new challenges for medical students worldwide. Amidst academic rigors, students are confronted with unique stressors, potentially affecting their mental health and substance use. This study aimed to investigate the multifaceted effects of depression, alcohol use, and stress on medical students and discern how these factors have been amplified by the pandemic's circumstances, and to identify predictors of mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Materials and Methods: Two online anonymous and cross-sectional surveys were conducted at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu" in Romania among medical students in 2018 and in 2022. Data were gathered via online questionnaires distributed through closed student groups on social media platforms, with a total of 1061 participants, to investigate stress, depression, alcohol and drug use, and the impact of the pandemic and online education on mental health, maintaining anonymity and ethical approval. The Medical Student Stress Questionnaire (MSSQ) was employed to measure different aspects of stress, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) provided insights into the participants' depressive symptoms, and for the assessment of alcohol consumption habits, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was utilized. Results: Our findings showed a significant decrease in mean depression scores (13.81 vs. 11.56, with p < 0.001) from 2018 to 2022. In 2018, students scored significantly higher in the overall stress-related domains. Additionally, being female, facing financial constraints, and being in pre-clinical years emerged as predictors of heightened academic-related stress and depressive symptoms. Students who had experienced the loss of a family member due to COVID-19 exhibited a statistically significant rise in their average BDI score and current anxiety levels. Conclusions: The pandemic, despite introducing new stressors, may have indirectly fostered an increased focus on students' mental health, leading to more refined support mechanisms. Specialized interventions, taking into account gender and financial problems, are needed to address the multifaceted challenges faced by medical students. Our study highlights the ongoing need to nurture both the academic and emotional strength of future medical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Codruța Alina Popescu
- Department of Human Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400174 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ana Maria Tegzeșiu
- Counseling Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Soimița Mihaela Suciu
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Florin Covaliu
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Management, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sebastian Mihai Armean
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.A.); (A.C.S.)
| | | | - Alexandru Constantin Sîrbu
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.A.); (A.C.S.)
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Kourea L, Papanastasiou EC, Diaconescu LV, Popa-Velea O. Academic burnout in psychology and health-allied sciences: the BENDiT-EU program for students and staff in higher education. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1239001. [PMID: 37901078 PMCID: PMC10613055 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1239001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying at university involves demanding academic and clinical training requirements for students from Psychology and other health-allied fields, potentially having severe physical and mental health implications. Existing training programs for addressing burnout have focused thus far on specific areas (e.g., stress management, physical exercise, mindfulness meditation, etc.) with promising outcomes. However, no comprehensive programs have been developed to train students and staff in the early identification of burnout signs and characteristics as well as in self-assessing personal needs and habits (i.e., primary prevention), or in identifying community resources and evidence-based strategies to overcome burnout (i.e., secondary prevention). This paper describes the content development, refinement, and piloting process of the BENDiT-EU program as part of a European collaborative to address academic burnout for health-allied students. Piloting results showed that participants viewed the program positively and provided helpful suggestions for content improvement and training delivery. Future research directions should target experimental investigations of the program's effectiveness and the longitudinal interaction of burnout with other variables (e.g., resilience).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefki Kourea
- Department of Education, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Liliana Veronica Diaconescu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Popa-Velea
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
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Kodikara K, Seneviratne T, Premaratna R. Pre-clerkship procedural training in venipuncture: a prospective cohort study on skills acquisition and durability. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:729. [PMID: 37803328 PMCID: PMC10559527 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of simulation-based training for skill acquisition is widely recognized. However, the impact of simulation-based procedural training (SBPT) on pre-clerkship medical students and the retention of procedural skills learned through this modality are rarely investigated. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted among pre-clerkship medical students. Learners underwent SBPT in venipuncture in the skills laboratory. Assessments were conducted at two main points: 1) immediate assessment following the training and 2) delayed assessment one year after training. Learner self-assessments, independent assessor assessments for procedural competency, and communication skills assessments were conducted in both instances. The students were assessed for their competency in performing venipuncture by an independent assessor immediately following the training in the simulated setting and one-year post-training in the clinical setting, using the Integrated Procedural Protocol Instrument (IPPI). The student's communication skills were assessed by standardized patients (SP) and actual patients in the simulated and clinical settings, respectively, using the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT). RESULTS Fifty-five pre-clerkship medical students were recruited for the study. A significant increase was observed in self-confidence [mean: 2.89 SD (Standard Deviation) (0.69)] and self-perceived competency [mean: 2.42 SD (0.57)] in performing venipuncture, which further improved at the delayed assessment conducted in the clinical setting (p < 0.001). Similarly, the IPPI ratings showed an improvement [immediate assessment: mean: 2.25 SD (1.62); delayed assessment: mean: 2.78 SD (0.53); p < 0.01] in venipuncture skills when assessed by an independent assessor blinded to the study design. A significant difference (p < 0.01) was also observed in doctor-patient communication when evaluated by SPs [mean: 2.49 SD (0.57)] and patients [mean: 3.76 SD (0.74)]. CONCLUSION Simulation-based venipuncture training enabled students to perform the procedure with confidence and technical accuracy. Improved rating scores received at a one-year interval denote the impact of clinical training on skills acquisition. The durability of skills learned via SBPT needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaumudee Kodikara
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
| | - Thilanka Seneviratne
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ranjan Premaratna
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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Peng P, Chen S, Hao Y, He L, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Tang YY, Yang WF, Wu Q, Liu T. Network of burnout, depression, anxiety, and dropout intention in medical undergraduates. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1520-1531. [PMID: 37092762 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231166629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout, depression, and anxiety are highly prevalent among medical students, which often leads to their attrition. We aim to assess the inter-relationships of depression, burnout, and anxiety symptoms with dropout intention among Chinese medical undergraduates using the network analysis. METHOD A total of 3,648 Chinese medical undergraduates were recruited through snowball sampling. Learning burnout scale, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was used to assess burnout, depression, and anxiety symptoms, respectively. We used the EBICglasso model to estimate the network. We compared the network based on gender, study phase, and clinical experience. RESULTS After removing repeated submissions and incorrect responses to the trap question, 3,536 participants were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of burnout, depression, anxiety, and dropout intention was 38, 62.7, 38.4, and 39% respectively, which is consistent with previous findings. Network analysis suggested that anxiety and depression items clustered together and displayed several strong bridge connections, while burnout items formed another cluster. All the strongest edges were within the respective distress. Cynicism symptoms 'I am fed up with study' and 'I want to study but I feel that studying is boring' were the most central symptoms, while 'fatigue' and 'worthless' were the bridge symptoms within the burnout-depression-anxiety network. Other central symptoms included 'worthless', 'I can handle my courses', 'nervous', and 'uncontrollable worry'. Cynicism symptoms 'I am interested in my major' and 'I feel that the knowledge I have learned is useless' were mostly related to dropout intention. Gender, study phase, and clinical experience didn't affect the global strength of the burnout-depression-anxiety network. CONCLUSION Our results indicated the predominance of cynicism symptoms within the burnout-depression-anxiety network and its substantial impact on dropout intention, suggesting that early detection and intervention for cynicism symptoms in Chinese medical students are in urgent need. Other central and bridge symptoms might also serve as potential targets for the prevention and treatment of burnout, depression, and anxiety among medical students. For example, studies suggest cognitive-behavioral therapy could quickly improve 'worthless', which might be beneficial in treating burnout, depression, and anxiety in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shubao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhu Hao
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (Hunan Second People's Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Tang
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Winson Fuzun Yang
- Meditation Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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de Sá E Camargo ML, Torres RV, Cotta KCG, Ezequiel ODS, Lucchetti G, Lucchetti ALG. Mental health throughout the medical career: A comparison of depression, anxiety, and stress levels among medical students, residents, and physicians. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1260-1267. [PMID: 36825658 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231157258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different stages of a physician's career may be associated with different types of mental health impairment. AIMS This study aimed to compare symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress and their associated factors among medical students, medical residents, and physicians. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data collection included sociodemographic data, religiosity (Duke University Religion Index), and mental health (21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - DASS-21) data. The comparison between the groups was performed using ANOVA, and the associated factors were evaluated via linear regression models. RESULTS The sample consisted of 1,417 participants: 778 medical students, 190 medical residents, and 468 established physicians. Medical students had significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores as compared to medical residents and established physicians. However, regarding DASS 21 scores, no significant differences were found between established physicians and medical residents. The factors associated with mental health in the different groups showed that being married and male were associated with better mental health among physicians and medical residents, while the factors of male gender, being in later years of the course, and lower religious attendance were associated with better mental health in students. CONCLUSION Medical students had worse mental health outcomes when compared to residents and established physicians. Interventions are needed to minimize suffering during medical education and career.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Vieira Torres
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | | | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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18
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Ali KW, Alkrad MM, Sankari SA, Alshihab SZ, Aloufi AM, Alrifai FM, Alshehri AA. The Impact of Negative Emotions on Binge Eating and BMI Among Medical Students. Cureus 2023; 15:e44499. [PMID: 37791181 PMCID: PMC10544860 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Binge eating disorder (BED) is a condition characterized by episodes of consuming large amounts of food and feeling a lack of control over eating behavior. Stress, anxiety, and depression are risk factors for developing BED, which may be particularly relevant for medical students who experience high levels of academic pressure and stress. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of binge eating behaviors among medical students, as well as the types of negative emotions that are most strongly associated with binge eating. Methodology This cross-sectional study employed convenience sampling and included 332 medical students from Almaarefa University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All medical students of all academic levels were eligible to participate in this study. Students from other colleges such as pharmacy students or students from other universities were excluded from this study. The research questionnaire collected information about negative emotions, BMI, number of meals, consumption of fast food, overeating behavior, and relevant demographic data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS Statistics version 26 (IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Results The descriptive analysis showed that the majority of students reported consuming two meals per day and having snacks twice a day. Fast food consumption was reported by 58.1% of students. The study found that negative emotions such as stress, depression, and loneliness were significantly associated with binge eating behavior and had an impact on weight and BMI. The findings suggest the need for interventions to address negative emotions and promote healthy eating habits among medical students. Conclusion The study concludes that negative emotions such as stress, aggression, and boredom are significantly associated with binge eating behaviors among medical students. Depression, disappointment, and thoughts about difficult tasks were linked to detrimental effects on BMI and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan W Ali
- Department of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Malek M Alkrad
- Department of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sana A Sankari
- Department of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, SAU
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D'Alva-Teixeira V, Picó-Pérez M, Morgado P. Determinants of Poor Mental Health of Medical Students in Portugal-A Nationwide Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1991. [PMID: 37510433 PMCID: PMC10379586 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11141991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical students are a population that is vulnerable to the development of anxiety, depression, and burnout. This observational cross-sectional study sought to assess the levels of distress and identify precipitating factors in all students enrolled in a Portuguese medical school during the academic year of 2022/23. Students (n = 768) were surveyed via validated instruments to measure anxiety, depression, and burnout. Sociodemographic information was also collected through a questionnaire. The study indicated that almost half of this population had depressive symptoms. No differences were found in distress levels between medical schools, and when comparing curricular years, higher levels of distress were found in the pre-clinical years in comparison to the clinical ones. Burnout, being a woman, the existence of physical health problems, homo- and bisexual orientations, affective family problems, problems with relationships in the academic community, difficulties in academic performance, and daily organization were identified as predictors of distress. On the other hand, satisfaction with the social support received and with academic ratings were identified as protective factors. In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of distress in medical students, which is associated with personal, physical, social, economic, and academic factors. The identification of predictive factors of distress may allow for the early identification of vulnerable students and for intervention and prevention strategies to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia D'Alva-Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- 2CA-Braga Cinical Academic Center, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
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20
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Dong P, Lin X, Wu F, Lou S, Li N, Hu S, Shi L, He J, Ma Y, Bao Y, Lu L, Sun W, Sun H. Depression, anxiety, and burnout among psychiatrists during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:494. [PMID: 37430237 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rise of reported mental disorders and behavioral issues after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, psychiatrists and mental health care are urgently needed more than ever before. The psychiatric career carries a high emotional burden and stressful demands, which bring issues on psychiatrists' mental health and well-being into question. To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of depression, anxiety, and work burnout among psychiatrists in Beijing during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 6 to January 30, 2022, two years after COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic. Recruitment was performed using a convenience sample approach by sending online questionnaires to psychiatrists in Beijing. The symptoms of depression, anxiety, and burnout were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). The perceived stress and social support were measured by the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), respectively. RESULTS The data of 564 psychiatrists (median [interquartile range] age, 37 [30-43] years old) of all 1532 in Beijing were included in the statistical analysis. The prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and burnout were 33.2% (95% CI, 29.3-37.1%, PHQ-9 ≥ 5), 25.4% (95% CI, 21.8-29.0%, GAD-7 ≥ 5) and 40.6% (95% CI, 36.5-44.7%, MBI-GS ≥ 3 in each of the three subdimensions), respectively. The psychiatrist with a higher score on perceived stress was more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratios [ORs]: 4.431 [95%CI, 2.907-6.752]); the anxiety symptoms (adjusted ORs: 8.280 [95%CI, 5.255-13.049]), and the burnout conditions (adjusted ORs: 9.102 [95%CI, 5.795-14.298]). Receiving high social support was an independent protective factor against symptoms of depression (adjusted ORs: 0.176 [95%CI, [0.080-0.386]), anxiety (adjusted ORs: 0.265 [95%CI, 0.111-0.630]) and burnout (adjusted ORs: 0.319 [95%CI, 0.148-0.686]). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a considerable proportion of psychiatrists also suffer from depression, anxiety, and burnout. Perceived stress and social support influence depression, anxiety, and burnout. For public health, we must work together to reduce the pressure and increase social support to mitigate mental health risks in psychiatrists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fei Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sijia Lou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Na Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sifan Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Le Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jia He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yundong Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Hongqiang Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
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Ilić IM, Ilić MD. The relationship between the burnout syndrome and academic success of medical students: a cross-sectional study. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2023; 74:134-141. [PMID: 37357875 PMCID: PMC10291497 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The burnout syndrome may affect academic achievement, but research on burnout and academic success of medical students is sparse. This research aimed to estimate the prevalence of high risk of burnout in students of medicine and to investigate its association with academic performance. It included 760 full-time medical students who completed the survey (response rate = 90.9 %). A significant independent predictor for high burnout risk in students with lower grade point average (GPA) was male gender (adjusted OR=2.44; 95 % CI=1.14-5.23; P=0.022). Among students with higher GPA, high burnout risk was associated with the use of sedatives (adjusted OR=6.44; 95 % CI=1.80-22.99; P=0.004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena M. Ilić
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena D. Ilić
- University of Kragujevac Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Kragujevac, Serbia
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22
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Bernard Ubom AE, Adebayo O, Adeoye PA, Kanmodi KK, Salihu MO, Umar SS, Tolani MA, Ogunsuji OO, Monye HI, Eze UA, Ibrahim YA, Nuhu JT, Selowo TT, Ibrahim SO, Alatishe T, Buowari DY, Edadi UE, Williams A, Ojo A, Osasona T, Esievoadje EO, Sanni TA, Ishaya DG, Suleiman A, Kabir MS, Enebeli UU. Health, well-being, and burnout amongst Early Career Doctors in Nigeria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285983. [PMID: 37220098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early Career Doctors (ECDs) in Nigeria are faced with many individual and systemic problems, which consequently adversely affect their health, well-being, patient care and safety. OBJECTIVE This study, the second phase of the Challenges of Residency Training and Early Career Doctors in Nigeria (CHARTING II) Study, sought to examine the risk factors and contributors to the health, well-being and burnout amongst Nigerian ECDs. METHODS This was a study of health, well-being and burnout amongst Nigerian ECDs. Outcome variables included burnout, depression, and anxiety, which were respectively assessed using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale. The quantitative data obtained was analysed using the IBM SPSS, version 24. Associations between categorical outcome and independent variables were assessed using chi square, with level of significance set at < 0.05. RESULTS The mean body mass index (BMI), durations of smoking and alcohol consumption of the ECDs were 25.64 ± 4.43 kg/m2 (overweight range), 5.33 ± 5.65 years and 8.44 ± 6.43 years respectively. Less than a third (157, 26.9%) of the ECDs exercised regularly. The most common disease conditions affecting the ECDs were musculoskeletal (65/470, 13.8%) and cardiovascular diseases (39/548, 7.1%). Almost a third (192, 30.6%) of the ECDs reported experiencing anxiety. Male and lower cadre ECDs were more likely than female and higher cadre ECDs to report anxiety, burnout and depression. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need to prioritize the health and well-being of Nigerian ECDs, so as to optimize patient care and improve Nigeria's healthcare indices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oladimeji Adebayo
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Philip Adewale Adeoye
- Department of Community Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde K Kanmodi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Mumeen Olaitan Salihu
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Shehu Salihu Umar
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Musliu Adetola Tolani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Ahmadu Bello University / Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Henreitta I Monye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ugochukwu A Eze
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria
| | - Yahya Abdulmajid Ibrahim
- Department of Ear, Nose, &Throat (ENT), Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - James Teri Nuhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Temitope Toluse Selowo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Lamingo, Jos, Nigeria
| | | | - Taiwo Alatishe
- Department of Psychiatry, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomosho, Nigeria
| | - Dabota Yvonne Buowari
- Department of Accident and Emergency, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ukam Ekup Edadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Unit, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Adedayo Williams
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Ojo
- Department of Anaesthesia, LTH, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Toba Osasona
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Dare Godiya Ishaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun Suleiman
- Department of Family Medicine, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Sani Kabir
- Department of Family Medicine, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Ugo Uwadiako Enebeli
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Sulaiman R, Ismail S, Shraim M, El Hajj MS, Kane T, El-Awaisi A. Experiences of burnout, anxiety, and empathy among health profession students in Qatar University during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:111. [PMID: 37055804 PMCID: PMC10100621 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of burnout and anxiety is constantly increasing among health profession students worldwide. This study evaluates the prevalence of burnout and its relationship to anxiety and empathy during the COVID-19 pandemic among health profession students in the main governmental institution in Doha, Qatar using validated instruments. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of health profession students using validated instruments was employed. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Students Survey (MBI-GS(S)) to measure burnout; The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) to measure anxiety; and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to measure empathy were utilized. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression were used. RESULTS Of the 1268 eligible students, 272 (21.5%) completed the online survey. Burnout was found to be prevalent amongst the students. The mean scores for the MBI-GS(S) subscales of emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy were 4.07, 2.63, and 3.97, respectively. Anxiety was found to be a strong predictor for burnout and burnout was positively associated with empathy. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study demonstrated relationships between health profession students' burnout, anxiety, and empathy. These findings might have an impact on the development of curriculum interventions to enhance student well-being. More burnout awareness and management programs that cater to the specific needs of health profession students are needed. Furthermore, findings of this study may have implications for future educational interventions during times of crisis or how this can be used to improve student experiences in normal times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Sulaiman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mujahed Shraim
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maguy Saffouh El Hajj
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tanya Kane
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alla El-Awaisi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Wang H, Fan X. Academic Stress and Sleep Quality among Chinese Adolescents: Chain Mediating Effects of Anxiety and School Burnout. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2219. [PMID: 36767585 PMCID: PMC9916062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the associations between academic stress and adolescents' psycho-social development. However, the direct and indirect affecting mechanism of academic stress on sleep quality among Chinese adolescents have rarely been investigated. Using a self-report questionnaire data of 1232 adolescents in Jiangsu province, the purpose of the study is to investigate the relationships among academic stress, anxiety, school burnout, and sleep quality. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with Amos 25.0 was used to test the model fit in the present study. The results revealed that academic stress tends to have significantly direct effects on adolescents' sleep quality. Moreover, anxiety and school burnout could mediate the associations between academic stress and sleep quality absolutely and sequentially. This study reveals the mechanism of the effect of academic stress on adolescents' sleep quality and also develops the chain mediating model of anxiety and school burnout. In addition, the present study may shed light on social policy and social work intervention toward adolescents' sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- School of Social Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Dominguez-Espinosa ADC, Fontaine JRJ. It Is Not the Virus Exposure: Differentiating Job Demands and Resources That Account for Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Health Sector Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1212. [PMID: 36673966 PMCID: PMC9859370 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study of 3860 health-sector workers across two data collections was conducted to identify the predictive power of different job demands and job resources during the COVID-19 pandemic based on four indicators of distress (COVID-19 traumatic stress, burnout, generalised anxiety, and depression) among health-sector workers. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, measurement invariance checks, and structural equation models were used to evaluate the dimensionality and the effect of the job demands and resources on distress indictors. The identified job demands were workload, confinement, loss, and virus exposure, while the identified job resources were self-efficacy, momentary recuperation, and meaning making. Loss and workload predicted the distress indicators best, while confinement and virus exposure mainly predicted COVID-19 traumatic stress and were less important for the other distress outcomes. Self-efficacy and meaning making negatively predicted distress, while momentary recuperation, controlled for the other demands and resources, was positively related to the distress indicators. Of the typical pandemic-related demands and resources, the experience of loss due to COVID-19 infection was the most important predictor of distress outcomes. Confinement, and especially the awareness of virus exposure, were far less important predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johnny R. J. Fontaine
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Karim MR, Haque MJ, Akhter S, Ahmed HU. Facebook addiction and its related factors among medical students; a cross- sectional study in Bangladesh. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001597. [PMID: 36963018 PMCID: PMC10021403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that Facebook Addiction is associated with poor mental health, physical symptoms, social dysfunction, and despair among the adolescent and youth population. The current study set out to identify the prevalence of Facebook Addiction among Bangladeshi medical students as well as its influencing factors. This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 720 randomly selected medical students from eight public medical colleges from January to June 2022. Data were obtained using a semi- structured, self-reported questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS v.23 programs. The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale BFAS was used to assess Facebook Addiction, while the Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD-7, Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9, Perceived Stress Scale PSS10, Chen Internet Addiction Scale CIAS, and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index PSQI was used to assess anxiety, depression, perceived stress, internet addiction, and sleep quality. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the influence of several demographic, psychological, and behavioral characteristics on the likelihood of respondents being addicted to Facebook. Facebook Addiction was observed in 29.4% of medical students. According to data, 63.7% of medical students reported mild to severe anxiety, 29.3% moderate to severe depression, and 84.9% moderate to high perceived stress. Lack of personal income [OR with (95% CI), 1.82 (1.13, 2.96)], poor academic performance [2.46 (1.45, 4.15)], moderate anxiety [2.45 (1.22, 4.92)], moderate perceived stress [5.87 (1.92, 17.95)], and moderately severe depression [2.62 (.97, 7.08)] were all found to play a significant role in the development of Facebook Addiction. However, living with parents [OR with (95% CI), .37 (.14, .95)] and positive family relationships [.40 (.18, .87)] reduces the likelihood of becoming addicted to Facebook. An integrated participative Behavioral and psychological intervention should be devised to reduce the risks of Facebook addiction in medical students while also improving their mental health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rizwanul Karim
- Department of Community Medicine, Patuakhali Medical College (PKMC), Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jawadul Haque
- Department of Community Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnaz Akhter
- Department of Gynae and Obstetrics, Combined Military Hospital, Jalalabad, Sylhet Cantonment, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Helal Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Child Adolescent & Family Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Shyamoli, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Li CT, Su TP, Cheng CM, Chen MH, Bai YM, Tsai SJ. Factors associated with antidepressant responses to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in antidepressant-resistant depression. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1046920. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1046920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundA significant proportion of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) failed to respond to antidepressant medications. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective option for treating such treatment-resistant patients with MDD (TRD). Reliable clinical predictors for antidepressant responses to rTMS remain elusive.MethodsIn total, 212 patients with MDD who failed to respond to at least one adequate antidepressant trial and had a detailed evaluation before rTMS were recruited for chart review. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, psychiatric comorbidities, symptom ratings [e.g., objective and subjective depression, life stress, depression refractoriness by Maudsley Staging Method (MSM)], and antidepressant treatment responses were analyzed.ResultsMSM-subitem1 (duration of current depressive episode; Beta = 0.209, p = 0.004), MSM-subitem5 (a history of ECT treatment; Beta = –0.210, p = 0.004), and psychiatric admissions (Beta = 0.241, p = 0.001) predicted antidepressant response of rTMS treatment. ECT was underutilized (only 3.3%). Psychiatric admissions [Exp(B) = 1.382, p = 0.021], a comorbidity of OCD [0.047, 0.005], and life stress level [0.984, 0.029] predicted the history of ECT treatment.ConclusionSeveral clinical variables (e.g., number of psychiatric admissions, OCD as a comorbidity, and life stress level) were reliable clinical factors associated with antidepressant responses of rTMS treatment and may be utilized in combination with MSM subitems to evaluate levels of TRD.
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AlJahwari B, AlKamli A, Al-Huseini S, Chan MF, AlMahroqi B, Al Saadoon M, Ambusaidi A, Ganesh A, Al-Adawi S. The prevalence and factors associated with anxiety symptoms among resident physicians in Oman: a cross-sectional study. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9208829 DOI: 10.1186/s43045-022-00214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety disorders are a significant factor associated with physician burnout and poor patient care, reported to have a significant frequency among the youth in the Middle East. However, to date, no study has explored the prevalence of anxiety among resident physicians in the Arabian Gulf country of Oman. This cross-sectional study, conducted among a random sample of residents affiliated with the Oman Medical Specialty Board, aimed to examine the frequency and factors associated with anxiety symptoms among them. Participants were asked to complete the General Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) to assess anxiety, as well as a socio-demographic questionnaire. Results In a total of 251 residents, the prevalence of anxiety was 14.7% (GAD-7 cut-off score ≥ 10). More than 60% of the respondents were female (68.9%). The age breakdown ranged from 25 to 30 years old (66.5%) and the majority were married (64.9%). More than 70% of respondents attended at least 5 shifts in their weekly schedule and received at least 5 on-call shifts from the hospital per week. Logistic regression showed that residents with chronic disease were 2.5 times (95% CI 1.36–4.72, p = 0.003) more likely to have anxiety than those without them. Those residents who did not exercise were 2.1 times (95% CI 1.04–4.46, p = 0.038) more likely to have anxiety than those who exercise often or regularly. Residents who received 6 or more on-calls from the hospital were 2.6 times (95% CI 1.35–5.25, p = 0.005) more likely to have anxiety than those who received 5 or fewer on-calls in a month. Conclusions The factors seemingly responsible for anxiety symptoms in this sample of resident physicians are those that are typically associated with poor work-life balance and unhealthy lifestyles. Pending further scrutiny, these results could be used to lay the groundwork for the identification of those who will require more protracted help during their training in Oman and in other culturally similar Middle Eastern countries.
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Raja S, Balasubramanian G, Jamuna Rani R. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among private medical college students in South India: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:373. [PMID: 36618453 PMCID: PMC9818620 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_393_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical education is competitive across the globe. The long duration of the medical and paramedical courses and exposure to clinical settings potentially causes mental health issues. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate students in a private medical college in South India. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among paramedical and medical students at a private medical college hospital and research center in South India in the year 2021. The required sample size was calculated as 783 with an expected prevalence of 53%, 95% confidence interval (CI), design effect 2.0, and non-response of 10%. The study participants were selected based on simple random sampling. After obtaining informed consent, the data was collected using an email questionnaire. Standard data collection tools such as the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) questionnaire were used. The investigator computed the odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with a 95% CI. RESULTS Out of 1200 students, 1015 (85%) responded to the email questionnaire. Among them, 639 were females (63%), and 925 were paramedics (91%). Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress were 59%, 43% and 11%, respectively. Almost 95% of students experienced moderate-to-severe stress in the last one month. Prevalence was higher among females and students of medical courses. Students of final year of college (aOR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.2-3.5) and students of medical course (aOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1-2.4) were independently associated with stress among the study participants. CONCLUSION There is high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among medical college students in south India. The final year of study and medical course were independently associated with higher stress than others. We recommend periodic assessment of mental health status and additional mental health care for final year students and medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Raja
- Departments of Pharmacology, SRM Medical College and Hospital and Research Center, Kattankulathur, Chengalpet District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Balasubramanian
- Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College and Hospital and Research Center, Kattankulathur, Chengalpet District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Jamuna Rani
- Departments of Pharmacology, SRM Medical College and Hospital and Research Center, Kattankulathur, Chengalpet District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Haykal KA, Pereira L, Power A, Fournier K. Medical student wellness assessment beyond anxiety and depression: A scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276894. [PMID: 36301973 PMCID: PMC9612562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A significant increase in distress and mental health illnesses has been identified in medical students during their training. As a result, medical schools have attempted to understand factors linked to well-being. Wellness questionnaires present a useful approach to identifying students with risk factors for mental health to provide appropriate resources for support and referrals. This study aims to identify validated questionnaires in the literature that measure medical student wellness. Methods A scoping review methodology was selected and an exhaustive search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, EPIC, and Education Source, was performed from 1999 to May 27, 2021. A compilation of validated wellness evaluation tools, surveys and questionnaires assessing wellness beyond depression and anxiety was reviewed. All validated methods of wellness assessment for medical students were included. Results 5,001 studies were identified once duplicate records were removed. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 articles were included in a qualitative synthesis and explored in detail. The following six validated questionnaires measuring the wellness of medical school students are reported and discussed: the Medical Student Stress Profile (MSSP), the Medical Student Stress Questionnaire (MSSQ), the Medical Student Well-Being Index (MSWBI), the Perceived Medical School Stress (PMSS), the Perceived Stress Scale for Medical Students (PSSMS), and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory—Medical Student Version (OLBI-MS). These validated questionnaires provide various aspects to the assessment of wellbeing. Conclusions Wellbeing evaluations are reliable in identifying medical students who are at risk for mental health illnesses but must be chosen carefully based on contexts, academic environment and student population. A direct comparison between validated questionnaires for student wellbeing is not possible and individual medical schools must determine the appropriateness and validity of such tools based on population-specific characteristics and demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay-Anne Haykal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Lara Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aidan Power
- Institute du Savoir Montfort, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karine Fournier
- Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Dominguez-Espinosa ADC, Montes de Oca-Mayagoitia SI, Sáez-Jiménez AP, de la Fuente-Zepeda J, Monroy Ramírez de Arellano L. The moderating role of sociodemographic and work-related variables in burnout and mental health levels of Mexican medical residents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274322. [PMID: 36112642 PMCID: PMC9481024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the moderating effects of sociodemographic and work-related variables on levels of burnout and mental health among medical residents. Method A cross-sectional online survey was administered at the beginning of the second wave of COVID-19 at different public teaching hospitals where medical residents practiced in Mexico City. A total of 201 medical residents of different years completed the survey. Results Different univariate inferential analyses on the level of burnout and mental health indices showed significant differences between sex, marital status, previous reports of physical illness or psychological conditions, and residency ranking. However, the effect sizes of those differences were of low to medium size. A predictive path analysis revealed that the three stages of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and achievement dissatisfaction) negatively affect psychological wellbeing and positively affect psychological distress. Finally, even though sociodemographic variables showed some significant variation, the effect sizes were small and did not moderate the direct effect of burnout on mental health indices. Conclusions Medical residents deling with every day medical situations, will be exposed to stressors that might increase the probability to experience emotional exhaustion. This would negatively affect levels of wellbeing and positively affect distress, despite their sociodemographic characteristics.
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Cipta DA, Wijovi F, Melisa L, Lili R, Marcella E, Tancherla A, Siswanto FG, Adiya DAKL, Chen S, Dermawan GJCI, Louis MI, Citraningtyas T, Molodynski A. Burnout prevalence and degree among undergraduate medical students in Indonesia during 1 month of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional descriptive survey. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:1232-1237. [PMID: 36047053 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students are under high pressure to perform academically and also face the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, putting them at risk of developing burnout. AIMS This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and degree of burnout among medical students in Indonesia during 1 month of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS From April to May 2021, we conducted an online survey of Indonesian medical students to assess burnout (using Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey, MBI-SS). RESULTS A total of 1,947 students from 27 universities participated in the study. About 35.5% had burnout, 41.7% with a moderate to high level of emotional exhaustion, 45% had moderate to high level of depersonalization and 66.7% had a low level of personal accomplishment. CONCLUSION A total of 35.5% of medical students in our sample experienced burnout. We suggest further research to explore and identify factors related to these findings and the need for potential interventions at global and national level to enhance the well-being of medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darien Alfa Cipta
- Department of Psychiatry, Pelita Harapan University, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Felix Wijovi
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Leslie Melisa
- Department of Psychiatry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rossalina Lili
- Personality and Human Relations Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | - Sharon Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Theresia Citraningtyas
- Personality and Human Relations Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Psychiatry, Krida Wacana University, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in Mexican medical residents. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:617-624. [PMID: 36030114 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the psychometric properties of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) in medical residents are scarce despite their susceptibility to burnout. Moreover, none of these studies were conducted in Spanish. AIM OF THE STUDY To analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the CBI among Mexican medical residents. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted online on medical residents from a public medical institution (n = 525). The English version of the CBI (19 items organized into three domains: personal-related burnout, work-related burnout, and patient-related burnout) was translated into Spanish and again into English. Content, convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity were assessed, along with reliability. RESULTS The CBI Spanish version showed acceptable content, convergent and concurrent validity. Exploratory factor analysis showed two factors, but confirmatory factor analysis showed three factors with adequate fit (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.08, Comparative Fit Index = 0.95, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.94, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.04). There was no good discrimination between personal-related and work-related burnout. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the personal-related, work-related, and patient-related burnout domains were 0.94, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The Spanish version of the CBI in Mexican medical residents is reliable, and it meets adequate content, convergent and concurrent validity. The construct validity was not consistent. This should not diminish the importance of the CBI.
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Alahdab F. Medical Students Will Take Care of the People, We Need to Take Care of Them. Avicenna J Med 2022; 12:97-99. [PMID: 36092383 PMCID: PMC9458351 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fares Alahdab
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States
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Wahab IA, Goh KW, Zainal ZA, Yusof NSM, Huri HZ, Jacob SA, Alwi MNM, Hashim R, Hisham SA, Jamil N. Targeted Primary and Secondary Preventive Strategies for Depression among Malaysian Pharmacy Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9629. [PMID: 35954990 PMCID: PMC9367753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The global depression burden has remained a challenge throughout the pre- and post-pandemic era. The pandemic effect has led to the spiraling of mental disorders among young people who will be the next generation of leaders. This study aims to identify university students’ sociodemographic, psychosocial and academic backgrounds and performance associated with depression symptoms for the development of primary and secondary preventive strategies for mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed to 19 institutions in Malaysia offering a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree program. The self-rated Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) was used to assess depression symptoms. Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess the investigated variables with depression symptoms. Independent T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare means of depression score across variables. Binary logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between the investigated variables and depression symptoms. A total of 610 pharmacy students participated, of which 47% (n = 289/610) were having depression symptoms. Students who smoke nicotine and those who have separated parents, family history of mental illness, and poor academic performance were associated with depression symptoms (p < 0.05). Differences in geographical areas, race and religion also showed significant associations with depression symptoms. Parental marital status, poor academic performance, history of mental illness and comorbidities were statistically predicting depression symptoms (p < 0.05). Primary preventive strategies allowing students to harness healthy coping skills for stress, nicotine-free campaigns and a holistic curriculum are warranted. Secondary measures on mindfulness and compassion skills activities to benefit students who experienced early life crises are highly recommended. Enforcing these targeted strategies in collaboration with health and social sectors should be the primary agenda of universities to ensure their uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izyan A. Wahab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Sabrina Anne Jacob
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | | | - Rosnani Hashim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurdiana Jamil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
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Khadka J, Bhattarai P, Chapagain S, Manandhar N, Sharma R. Severe Stress among Medical Students of Two Medical Colleges: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2022; 60:702-706. [PMID: 36705227 PMCID: PMC9446497 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.7196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental health problems are common in medical students and there is a high prevalence of psychological morbidity among them. The inability to use effective coping strategies affects the health and academic performance of students. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of severe stress among medical students of two medical colleges. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among medical undergraduates of two medical colleges from 14 September to 14 October 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 0609202109). Three hundred fifteen students were selected for the study using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Perceived Stress Scale was used to assess the level of stress and the Brief Cope Inventory scale was used to assess the coping strategies employed by students during stress. Point estimate and 95% confidence interval was calculated. Results Among 315 medical students, severe stress was found in 39 (12.38%) (8.76-16.04, 95% Confidence Interval). Conclusions The prevalence of severe stress among medical students was higher when compared to similar studies done in similar settings. Keywords coping strategies; medical students; psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janak Khadka
- Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal,Correspondence: Mr Janak Khadka, Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal. , Phone: +977-9846588271
| | - Pravesh Bhattarai
- Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shikshya Chapagain
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Naresh Manandhar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rachana Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Liu S, Zou S, Zhang D, Wang X, Wu X. Problematic Internet use and academic engagement during the COVID-19 lockdown: The indirect effects of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in early, middle, and late adolescence. J Affect Disord 2022; 309:9-18. [PMID: 35439467 PMCID: PMC9013175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, the transition of online learning introduces challenges for adolescents to engage in learning. The increased access and persistent Internet use could heighten the risk of problematic Internet use (PIU) that has been increasingly recognized as a risk factor for academic engagement. This study aims to investigate the direct and indirect relationships between PIU and academic engagement through psychopathological symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, insomnia) in early, middle, and late adolescence. METHODS In all, 4852 adolescents (51.5% females; Mage = 13.80 ± 2.38) from different regions of Chinese mainland participated in the study and completed questionnaires. RESULTS Depression and then insomnia as well as anxiety and then insomnia mediated the relationship between PIU and academic engagement. Anxiety exhibited a double-edged effect, that is, a positive relation with academic engagement directly and a negative relation with academic engagement indirectly through insomnia. Multigroup analyses showed that the indirect effects of PIU on academic engagement through depression and subsequent insomnia in middle and late adolescence were stronger than that in early adolescence, whereas the direct effect in early adolescence was stronger than that in middle adolescence. LIMITATION This study was cross-sectional in design and relied upon self-report measures. CONCLUSION These findings improve the understandings of how PIU relates to academic engagement through psychopathological symptoms and highlight developmental differences of adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengqi Zou
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Education and Counseling Center of Psychological Health, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; School of Applied Psychology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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Karim MR, Ahmed HU, Akhter S. Behavioral and psychosocial predictors of depression in Bangladeshi medical students: a cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2022; 11:745. [PMID: 38433999 PMCID: PMC10904939 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.122927.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, stress, and anxiety were found in a large number of medical undergraduate students, indicating a neglected aspect of their psychology that required immediate attention. The goal of this study was to find out the prevalence of depression among medical students, as well as potential psychosocial and behavioral predictors for depression. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2021 among 840 randomly selected medical students from four medical colleges using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire and were analyzed through the SPSS v.23 software. Multiple regression was performed to assess the effect of several behavioral and psychosocial factors on depression. RESULTS Among the 840 study participants, 55.7% (n= 468) were female and 44.3% (n= 372) were male. According to the data, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, perceived stress among medical students was found to be 28.8%, 65% and 85% respectively. A strong link was found between depression and anxiety, stress, poor sleep quality, poor academic performance, and a negative social and romantic relationship status. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of medical students are depressed. In order to prevent and treat depression, medical students should be screened for depression and its associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rizwanul Karim
- Department of Community Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College (RMC), Rajshahi, 6000, Bangladesh
| | - Helal Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Child Adolescent & Family Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Shyamoli, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnaz Akhter
- Department of Gynae and obstetrics, Combined Military Hospital, Jalalabad, Sylhet Cantonment, Sylhet, 3107, Bangladesh
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A Model of Depression in University Faculty, Staff, and Health Care Workers Using an Automated Mental Health Screening Tool. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:607-613. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chen HL, Wang HY, Lai SF, Ye ZJ. The Associations Between Psychological Distress and Academic Burnout: A Mediation and Moderation Analysis. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1271-1282. [PMID: 35614879 PMCID: PMC9126292 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s360363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological distress is reported to be associated with academic burnout in students while the mediation and moderation effect of resilience and personality are less explored. Purpose The current study was designed to estimate the mediating effect of resilience and the moderation effect of personality between psychological distress and academic burnout. Participants and methods A total of 613 students were enrolled from two medical universities between December 2020 and January 2021. They were administered with Academic Burnout Scale, 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Latent profile analysis and moderated mediation analysis were performed. Results Three personalities were identified and named as resilient (13.4%), over-controlled (50.2%) and under-controlled (36.4%). Resilience significantly mediated the relationship between psychological distress and academic burnout while personality significantly moderated the relationship between psychological distress and resilience. Conclusion Resilience and personality may be two important mediators between psychological distress and academic burnout. More attentions should be paid to students with under-controlled personality and resilience-enhancing interventions could be developed to prevent or alleviate academic burnout in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling Chen
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Yuan Wang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Feng Lai
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeng Jie Ye
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zeng Jie Ye, School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Out Ring Road No. 262, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15914411786, Email
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El-Gabry DA, Okasha T, Shaker N, Elserafy D, Yehia M, Aziz KA, Bhugra D, Molodynski A, Elkhatib H. Mental health and wellbeing among Egyptian medical students: a cross-sectional study. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-022-00193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Medical students are prone to experience high levels of stress during their studies, which can lead to burnout and mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression, that can affect their academic performance and ability to practice. We therefore conducted an online survey to collect data on demographics, sources of stress, mental health problems, burnout, and substance use in 547 medical students from two universities in Cairo. We used the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12), and the CAGE questionnaire.
Results
Our results indicated that 16% of participants were diagnosed with a mental illness while in medical school, with 88% screening positive for burnout on the OLBI, 63% reaching the threshold as cases on the GHQ-12 and 9% screening positive on the CAGE questionnaire. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between scores on the OLBI and the GHQ-12.
Conclusions
Our study indicated that there were very high levels of psychological distress (burnout, mental illness) among medical students, with high rates of disengagement and exhaustion.
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Shahi S, Paudel DR, Bhandari TR. Burnout among resident doctors: An observational study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 76:103437. [PMID: 35308433 PMCID: PMC8927790 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization that reduces efficiency at work. No studies have been reported focusing only on residency burnout and risk factors from our country until now. This study aimed to find out the impact and the association of specific demographic and practice characteristics with burnout among resident doctors. Methods A prospective cross-sectional survey of all resident doctors under training at that point of time in 2019 in the National Academy of Medical Sciences, Nepal in different specialties was done. We evaluated demographic variables, practice characteristics, and assessed burnout through validated Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) tools, and data were analyzed. Results A total 347 among 410 resident doctors (227 male) responded to the survey. Median age was 30 years (range 25–44). Overall, 147 (42.4%) of responding residents were burned out with high emotional exhaustion in 58 (16.6%), high depersonalization in 55 (15.9%), and low personal achievement in 34 (9.8). In regression analysis, out of independent variables gender, marital status, having children, specialty, hours of work per week and year of residency, specialties (general surgery odds ratio [OR]; 12.595, confidence interval [CI],[ 1.037–152.9], P; 0.047), obstetrics, and gynecology (odds ratio [OR]; 13.977, confidence interval [CI]; [1.324–147.5], P; 0.028), and anesthesiology (odds ratio [OR]; 11.54, confidence interval [CI]; [1.014–131.4], P; 0.049)) and hours of work per week (≥80 h) (odds ratio [OR]; 2.511, confidence interval [CI]; [1.128–5.589], P; 0.024), were significantly associated with high burnout. Conclusions Burnout is common among trainee resident doctors which is possibly preventable. Thus, the concern should be to prepare strategies to identify and minimize burnout from the individual, institutional, and societal sides. It is essential to preserve and promote the mental health of trainee residents to prevent serious consequences in the personal lives of resident doctors and as well as on patient outcomes. Burnout amongst resident doctors is extremely predominant which may be caused due to various reasons. We describe the impact of burnout among resident doctors and focus on identifying different risk factors for burnout. Preservation of mental health of resident doctors is essential to prevent serious consequences in their lives as well as on patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Shahi
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Corresponding author.
| | - Dhundi Raj Paudel
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tika Ram Bhandari
- General Surgery, People's Dental College and Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Howie EK, Cannady N, Messias EL, McNatt A, Walter CS. Associations between physical activity, sleep, and self-reported health with burnout of medical students, faculty and staff in an academic health center. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022; 18:1311-1319. [PMID: 35308038 PMCID: PMC8918895 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin K. Howie
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, HPER 308I, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Natalie Cannady
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Erick L. Messias
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Ashley McNatt
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Christopher S. Walter
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences-Northwest, Fayetteville, AR USA
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Kirtchuk D, Wells G, Levett T, Castledine C, de Visser R. Understanding the impact of academic difficulties among medical students: A scoping review. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 56:262-269. [PMID: 34449921 DOI: 10.1111/medu.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many medical students may encounter a range of academic and personal challenges during their course of study, but very little is known about their experiences. Our aim was to review the literature to inform future scholarship and to inform policy change. METHODS A scoping review was conducted searching PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, British Education Index, Web of Science and ERIC for English language primary research with no date limits. This retrieved 822 papers of which eight met the requirements for inclusion in the review. Data were independently reviewed by two researchers and underwent thematic analysis by the research team. RESULTS Three major themes emerged. Theme 1: 'Identity preservation' addressed students' aim to preserve their sense of self in the face of academic difficulty and their tendency to seek support. This connected the apprehension many students expressed about their educational institutions to Theme 2: 'The dual role of the medical school'-medical schools are required to support struggling students but are predominantly seen as a punitive structure acting as the gatekeeper to a successful career in medicine. Students' apprehension and attempts to protect their identities within this complex landscape often resulted in 'maladaptive coping strategies' (Theme 3). CONCLUSION Understanding and exploring the academic challenges faced by medical students through their own experiences highlight the need for the development of more individualised remediation strategies. Educators may need to do more to bridge the gap between students and institutions. There is a need to build trust and to work with students to enhance their sense of self and remediate approaches to engagement with learning, rather than focusing efforts on success in assessments and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kirtchuk
- Department of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Geoffrey Wells
- Department of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Tom Levett
- Department of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Clare Castledine
- Department of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Richard de Visser
- Department of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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Wan Omar WFN, Mohd Radzuan H, Abd. Rahim NEH, Ismail S. Overwhelming Yet Striving; The Story of IIUM Medical Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE SCHOLARS 2022; 5:14-20. [DOI: 10.31436/ijcs.v5i1.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Medicine is known to be tough and requires more than just intelligence. The implementation of other courses was deemed necessary to equip medical students with emotional intelligence, problem-solving and soft skills. However, their perception of their study plan and its relation to their grade has yet to be explored. This study aimed to assess the association between the grade and perception of the study plan among the pre-clinical medical students.
Methods: A 47 items self-administered questionnaire was distributed to Year 2 students (n = 137) in Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia. The questionnaire included their study plan implementation, comprising of medical and non-medical courses, and how they perceived it. We obtained their official assessment results from the academic office.
Results: Eighty four percent (n = 115) students responded. Most students spent 22 hours/week for medical courses self-study and assignments, and 18 hours/week studying and completing non-medical courses assignments after hours. Seventy percent (n = 80) felt that their schedule is overwhelming. Only 11 failed (9.6%) the medical course, and three failed other courses at least once. There was no difference in the grade regardless of feeling overwhelmed or not (p = 0.65).
Conclusion: Despite the overwhelming study plan, the proportion of failure was relatively low. While this could indicate some degree of resilience in the medical students, precaution is necessary to safeguard their physical and mental wellbeing and prevent burnout.
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Alotiby A, Almaghrabi M, Alosaimy R, Alharthi A, Khawandanah B, Alansari R, Basahal A, Zamil G. Learning Environment Quality for Medical Students at Umm Al-Qura University: A Comprehensive Study on Stressors, Sources, and Solutions After Introduction of a New Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) Curriculum. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2021; 12:1487-1497. [PMID: 34992487 PMCID: PMC8709795 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s343792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to introduction of a new curriculum and the related stressors that medical students might encounter, we aimed to assess the quality of the students' learning environment across academic years at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), by evaluating stress levels, their sources, and impacts on students, to help improve the quality of learning environment and protect students from personal and academic burnout. METHODS We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in August and September of 2020 on 572 students enrolled in the new Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) curriculum at UQU. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software and two-tailed tests. RESULTS In total, 46.5% of participants encountered severe stress levels during their studies at UQU. In term of stressor sources, the highest prevalence of severe stress was found among students who lacked learning resources (68.8%), followed by those who complained of ambiguity in teaching, learning, and assessment strategies (64.1%). Self-study strategy issues (58.4%) and difficulty in reading textbooks (58.2%) also ranked high. Anxiety was often reported by the students as an impact of stress (62.9%), followed by mood swings (60%). Severe stress levels showed a statistically significant relationship to gender, being highest among females (P = 0.001). For a solution to manage the stress, 79% of the students suggested a supportive learning environment and identification of students' struggles at early stages. CONCLUSION Almost half the medical students were severely stressed after the new curriculum was introduced. Therefore, professors and universities should look out for potential stressors and help students overcome them. Universities can also help by offering counseling services to students, improving the student tutoring system, providing appropriate learning environment and resources, and including stress management courses as a part of the overall curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Alotiby
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murouj Almaghrabi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Alosaimy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Alharthi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashaer Khawandanah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba Alansari
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahaad Basahal
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghofran Zamil
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Background Burnout is prevalent among medical students. Throughout their training, medical students face many psychosocial stresses that, if not managed, might cause burnout syndrome. Burnout could negatively impact students’ life and their academic performance. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of burnout among medical students at the College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, and assess factors associated with it. An analytic cross-sectional study. A sample of 424 students from all academic years from the College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, was approached. Data collection was conducted from June 11 to July 3, 2020, through a self-administered online questionnaire based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS). The MBI-SS included 15 questions with a 7-point rating ranging from 0 (never) to 6 (always). The tool measures three subscales: emotional exhaustion (5 questions), Cynicism (4 questions), and professional efficacy (6 questions). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 24 was used for data analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between burnout and students̓ variables, P value of a level < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of burnout syndrome among medical students was 38.2%. About 85.6% of students had high emotional exhaustion, 77.8% had high cynicism, and 32.5% exhibited low professional efficacy. Female gender, regular use of legal substances, and family history of mental diseases were associated with significantly high rates of burnout. Conclusions Burnout is prevalent among medical students of the University of Kerbala with quite high levels of emotional exhaustion and cynicism and lower professional efficacy levels. Faculties of medicine need to consider burnout among their students and works to reduce unnecessary stresses by modifying and upgrading the educational and clinical environments.
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48
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Post-earthquake Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and their Correlates among College-Youths in Kathmandu, Nepal. Psychiatr Q 2021; 92:1595-1609. [PMID: 34109493 PMCID: PMC8189706 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to earthquake has previously been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, however, evidence is limited among youth in resource-limited settings. This study explored the association of retrospective extent of exposure on current day depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among 125 youth attending a college in Kathmandu, Nepal. A self-administered survey including socio-demographic variables, scale for earthquake exposure and Nepali language validated standardized scales for depressive and PTSD symptoms was used. Prevalence estimates for depressive symptoms was 43.2% and PTSD symptoms was 19.2%. For each increasing unit of the extent of earthquake exposure, the odds of having depressive symptoms increased by a factor of 1.26 (p = 0.001) and PTSD symptoms increased by a factor of 1.26 (p = 0.002). Being in a complicated romantic relationship increased the odds of both depressive symptoms and PTSD symptoms. Exposure to earthquake is an important factor to consider while assessing depressive and PTSD symptoms among youth earthquake survivors in Kathmandu. It is important that programs or policies aimed at youth mental health concurrently address disaster exposures.
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49
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Mamun MA, Safiq MB, Hosen I, al Mamun F. Burnout, does the university entrance test failing attribute? A Bangladeshi exploratory study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258100. [PMID: 34610010 PMCID: PMC8491878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Getting admission into a university is highly competitive globally and can be regarded as a mental stressor for some individuals. In Bangladesh, most of the universities allow students to repeat the test, whereas repeat test-taking students are supposed to suffer from psychological issues like burnout because of academic non-achievement in their first attempt. But there is no prior study assessing burnout to the population, which was investigated herein. A cross-sectional study was carried out among a total of 911 Bangladeshi university entrance test-taking students (i.e., 49.5% first-time test-takers). The survey measures included socio-demographics, admission-related issues, and mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and burnout). Of the mental health problems, depression, anxiety, and burnout were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), respectively. In light of two-dimensional and three-dimensional cutoff schemes of the MBI-SS, about 43.7% and 17.3% of the test-taking students, respectively, were classified to be burnout in the total sample. Additionally, 48.1%, 71.4%, and 49.1% of the students in the total sample reported higher emotional exhaustion, higher cynicism, and lower academic efficacy, respectively. In respect to the student status, two-dimensional burnout (48.0% vs. 39.2%; χ2 = 7.164, p = 0.007), and emotional exhaustion (52.2% vs. 43.9%, χ2 = 6.789, p = 0.034) were significantly higher among the repeat test-taking students. Satisfaction with previous mock tests, depression, and anxiety were the associated factors of burnout in all three samples. Based on the present study, it can be concluded that the university entrance test appearing students are highly prevalent to burnout, and the rate increases with academic non-achievement. As the first study assessing burnout to the population, the findings are anticipated to be helpful for policymaking and further studies both inside and outside Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ismail Hosen
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj al Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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50
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Martínez-González MB, Benitez-Agudelo JC, Navarro-Jiménez E, Beltran-Velasco AI, Ruisoto P, Diaz Arroyo E, Laborde-Cárdenas CC, Tornero-Aguilera JF. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Disorders. A Critical Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10041. [PMID: 34639341 PMCID: PMC8507604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of the worldwide population. Citizens suffer the social, economic, physiological, and psychological effects of this pandemic. Primary sources, scientific articles, and secondary bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages were used for a consensus critical review. The method was a narrative review of the available literature to summarize the existing literature addressing mental health concerns and stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The main search engines used in the present research were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. We found the pandemic has had a direct impact on psychopathologies such as anxiety, increasing its ratios, and depression. Other syndromes such as burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder have increased with the pandemic, showing a larger incidence among medical personnel. Moreover, eating disorders and violence have also increased. Public authorities must prepare healthcare systems for increasing incidences of mental pathologies. Mental health apps are one of the tools that can be used to reach the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Marina Begoña Martínez-González
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia; (M.B.M.-G.); (J.C.B.-A.)
| | - Juan Camilo Benitez-Agudelo
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia; (M.B.M.-G.); (J.C.B.-A.)
| | | | | | - Pablo Ruisoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | | | | | - Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain
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