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Gaiha SM, Gasparrini A, Koschorke M, Raman U, Petticrew M, Salisbury TT. Impact, feasibility, and acceptability of CREATORS: An arts-based pilot intervention to reduce mental-health-related stigma among youth in Hyderabad, India. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 6:100339. [PMID: 39157690 PMCID: PMC7616367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mental-health-related stigma prevents youth from seeking help for mental health problems. Limited studies in low- and middle-income countries assess the effect of arts-based education in reducing such stigma among youth, thereby leaving a gap in evidence-based, age- and culturally-appropriate interventions. Objective To evaluate the impact, feasibility, and acceptability of CREATORS, an arts-based educational program on reducing mental-health-related stigma among youth in India. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods, pre-post control group study among college-going adolescents in Hyderabad, India. At baseline and post-intervention (after six weeks), we examined differences in intended behavior towards people with mental health problems. Results Our study involved 432 participants across three study groups: participants creating art on the theme of mental-health-related stigma over six weeks (n = 123), a student audience viewing 2-h arts show by participants (n = 244), and a control group (n = 65). Between baseline and post-test, participants creating art showed significantly lower stigma towards people with mental health problems compared to members of the control group (coefficient = 1.55, 95%CI 0.06-3.04, p = 0.041). Participants found the intervention useful and enjoyable (>95%; n = 773 across six weeks). Participants identified that collaborative creation of art made the subject of mental health interesting and relatable. Conclusions Participating in an arts-based educational program was associated with significantly lower mental-health-related stigma among youth compared to a control group in the short term. High acceptability of the program demonstrates the utility of arts-based education to address mental-health-related stigma. With community partners and artists as facilitators, our program may support mental health specialists in mental health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Mathur Gaiha
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Hyderabad, India
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Mirja Koschorke
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - Usha Raman
- Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication, University of Hyderabad, India
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Tatiana Taylor Salisbury
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
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Cerejo C. The untold emotional toll of navigating the health system: the journey of patients in/from India, living with serious and/or chronic conditions. Curr Med Res Opin 2024; 40:1605-1613. [PMID: 39078234 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2383732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Patient journey mapping, a novel method to visualize all the interactions a patient might have with the health system, is increasingly being adopted by the healthcare industry to identify challenges patients face, with the goal of improving health outcomes. However, patient journey maps are often used internally within pharma companies and are not published widely. Here, I conducted in-depth interviews with eight Indian patients/caregivers dealing with chronic and/or serious conditions; seven of the interviewees were living in India and spoke entirely from the perspective of the Indian health system, whereas one spoke from his experience of living in India, Ireland, and the UK. Using insights from these interviews, drawing on my own experience as a patient living with a rare disease and multiple comorbidities, and seeking feedback from several international patient advocates and industry professionals, I constructed a detailed map visualizing the collective journey of patients with serious/chronic conditions. Apart from showing the different stages in the patient journey, the map visualizes the associated stress levels, pain points (issues leading to a negative experience), emotions, and information-seeking behavior. One key insight that emerges is that along with a range of highly variable emotions patients experience, stress is a consistent factor throughout the patient journey. In many cases, the stress is caused or exacerbated by factors that can be avoided, such as long wait times, procedural hassles, inadequate or inaccurate information, and lack of empathy in interactions with healthcare professionals. The frustrations patients experience stem from a mix of underlying practical/tangible and emotional/aspirational needs. I have discussed these needs at length and provided suggestions for changes that could be implemented in the health system to meet these needs better. While my analysis presented here is generally framed from the context of the Indian health system, and some points discussed might have nuances in other health systems, the themes and insights provided are relevant to all patients and their journey, anywhere in the world. Pharmaceutical industry professionals, healthcare providers, and policymakers may benefit from these insights and may apply them to make strategic decisions and changes in their approach, with the goal of improving patient experience and health outcomes globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarinda Cerejo
- The Sumaira Foundation, Boston, MA, USA
- Global Patient Advocacy Coalition, New York City, NY, USA
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Raghavan V, Chandrasekaran S, Paul V, Pattabiraman R, Mohan G, Durairaj J, Currie G, Lilford R, Furtado V, Madan J, Birchwood M, Meyer C, Sood M, Chadda R, Mohan M, Shah J, John S, Padmavati R, Iyer S, Thara R, Singh S. Effectiveness of a mental health literacy module on stigma related mental health knowledge and behaviour among youth in two educational settings in Chennai, South India: A quasi-experimental study. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 98:104074. [PMID: 38833898 PMCID: PMC11331053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving mental health literacy (MHL) can reduce stigma towards mental illness, decreasing delays in help-seeking for mental disorders such as psychosis. We aimed to develop and assess the impact of an interactive MHL intervention on stigma related mental health knowledge and behaviour (SRMHKB) among youth in two urban colleges in South India. METHODS Incorporating input from stakeholders (students, teachers, and mental health professionals), we developed a mental health literacy module to address SRMHKB. The module was delivered as an interactive session lasting 90 min. We recruited 600 (300 males; 300 females; mean age 19.6) participants from two city colleges in Chennai from Jan-Dec 2019 to test the MHL module. We assessed SRMHKB before the delivery of the MHL intervention, immediately after, and at 3 and 6 months after the intervention using the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS) and Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS). We used generalised estimating equations (GEE) to assess the impact of the intervention over time. RESULTS Compared to baseline, there was a statistically significant increase in stigma related knowledge and behaviour immediately after the intervention (coefficient=3.8; 95% CI: 3.5,4.1) and during the 3-month (coefficient=3.4; 95% CI: 3.0,3.7) and 6-month (coefficient=2.4; 95% CI: 2.0,2.7) follow-up. CONCLUSION Preliminary findings suggest that a single 90-minute MHL interactive session could lead to improvements in SRMHKB among youth in India. Future research might utilise randomised controlled trials to corroborate findings, and explore how improvements can be sustained over the longer-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Raghavan
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7 A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India.
| | - Sangeetha Chandrasekaran
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7 A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - Vimala Paul
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7 A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Pattabiraman
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7 A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - Greeshma Mohan
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7 A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - Jothilakshmi Durairaj
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7 A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - Graeme Currie
- Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Richard Lilford
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Brimingham, Brimingham, UK
| | - Vivek Furtado
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jason Madan
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Maximilian Birchwood
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Caroline Meyer
- WMG and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mamta Sood
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Chadda
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohapradeep Mohan
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jai Shah
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sujit John
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7 A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - R Padmavati
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7 A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - Srividya Iyer
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - R Thara
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7 A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - Swaran Singh
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry, UK
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Özer D, Şahin Altun Ö. Nursing students' mental health literacy and resilience levels: A cross-sectional study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 51:222-227. [PMID: 39034081 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between nursing students' mental health literacy and resilience levels. This cross-sectional study included 676 nursing students who completed the Information Form, Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS), and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The total mean scores of the students' MHLS and BRS were 102.53 ± 11.49 and 18.19 ± 4.02 respectively. Correlation analysis revealed a very weak positive correlation between MHLS and BRS total scores. The nursing students' mental health literacy and resilience levels were moderate. Of them, those with high mental health literacy levels also had higher levels of resilience. This study may provide evidence that increasing societies' mental health literacy levels can also improve resilience levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Özer
- Bartın University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Bartın, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Şahin Altun
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Erzurum, Turkey
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Hegde S, Quadros S, Appaji R, Acharya VA. 'Life Minus Illness = Recovery': A Phenomenological Study About Experiences and Meanings of Recovery Among Individuals with Serious Mental Illness from Southern India. Community Ment Health J 2024:10.1007/s10597-024-01312-4. [PMID: 38965142 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Traditional medical models have given way to recovery-oriented approaches over the years in the management of individuals with serious mental illnesses. However, very little is known about such recovery-based models in the Indian context. This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach to explore the experiences and meanings of recovery among individuals with serious mental illness in southern India. Purposive sampling with maximum variation was used to recruit participants. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten participants, using a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic analysis resulted in three themes: "The illness journey," "Life minus illness = Recovery," and "It takes a village to recover,". Illness and recovery seemed to be two sides of the same coin with the context playing an influential role in the perceptions of recovery. The term "recovery" seemed to be a misnomer giving the impression that one is expected to return to an illness free state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Hegde
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shalini Quadros
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Rashmi Appaji
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Psychiatry, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinita A Acharya
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Tisocco F, Nearchou F, Hennessy E, Fernández Liporace M. The peer mental health stigmatization scale-revised (PMHSS-R): Psychometric properties and cross-cultural factorial invariance in university students in Ireland and Argentina. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38961743 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed to assess the psychometric quality of the Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale - Revised (PMHSS-R), by examining its factorial structure among young adults in Ireland and Argentina. METHOD A total of 429 participants aged between 18 and 25 years old were recruited (n = 187 Ireland, n = 242 Argentina). The PMHSS-R was completed by Irish participants and was translated, pilot-studied, and subsequently completed by Argentinian participants. RESULTS A Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated optimal factor loadings for an eight-item solution and acceptable internal consistency for both scale dimensions in the Argentinian sample. Satisfactory levels of partial scalar invariance were achieved between countries, indicating that the scale measures mental health stigma consistently across cultures. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the PMHSS-R as a cross-culturally valid and reliable psychometric instrument to evaluate interventions targeting stigma. In conclusion, the PMHSS-R can be used in cross-cultural research to compare levels of mental health stigma and investigate the interplay between stigma and other psychologically relevant constructs between different countries and cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Tisocco
- Psychology Research Institute, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Finiki Nearchou
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eilis Hennessy
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mercedes Fernández Liporace
- Psychology Research Institute, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Psychology Research Department, CONICET (National Council for Scientific and Technical Research), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Moradi S, Fateh MS, Movahed E, Mortezagholi B, Amini MJ, Salehi SA, Hajishah H, Nowruzi M, Shafiee A. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder among dental students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Educ 2024; 88:900-909. [PMID: 38504501 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing concern, the literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis of the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances among dental students. METHODS We conducted a systematic review following Cochrane Manual for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and PRISMA guidelines. Our search, spanning databases like Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus, covered data until June 5, 2023. A random effect model was utilized for the meta-analysis. RESULTS From 508 initially identified articles, 45 studies met eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders among dental students was estimated as follows: depression [38%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 32%-44%; I2 = 98%], anxiety [48%, 95% CI: 41%-55%; I2 = 97.7%], and sleep disorders [31%, 95% CI: 24%-38%; I2 = 85.7%]. Subgroup analyses based on geographical regions and assessment scales revealed significant between-subgroup differences. Meta-regression identified associations between the prevalence of depression and the year of publication and between the prevalence of anxiety and total sample size, participant age, and year of publication. Publication bias assessments demonstrated a lack of significant bias, strengthening the validity of the findings. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in dental students is significant. This study highlighted the need for targeted interventions and support systems within dental education to alleviate the mental health challenges students face, ultimately ensuring their well-being and competence as future healthcare providers. Further research should explore the effectiveness of interventions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Moradi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Fateh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Movahed
- Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bardia Mortezagholi
- Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Amini
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Hajishah
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Nowruzi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arman Shafiee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Jacob A, Garg K, Dutta K, Saini V, Aggarwal D, Sidana A. Role of detailed psychological evaluation and treatment in pulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2024. [PMID: 38411459 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2024.2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological co-morbidities are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but remain overlooked. Psychosocial interventions are deemed to promote mental health and optimize management. This study aimed to determine the role of detailed psychological evaluation and treatment in the comprehensive management of COPD. COPD patients after screening with the general health questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) for psychological co-morbidity were divided into three groups (26 patients each): i) group A [GHQ-12 score<3, received pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and standard medical management]; ii and iii) group B and C (GHQ-12 score>3, in addition, received management by a psychiatrist and counseling by a pulmonologist, respectively). At baseline and 8 weeks of follow-up, all participants were evaluated for respiratory [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), six-minute walk distance (6-MWD), St. George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), modified medical research council (mMRC) dyspnea scale], and psychological [GHQ-12, patient distress thermometer (PDT), coping strategy checklist (CSCL), World Health Organization-quality of life-brief (WHOQOL-Bref-26), and depression anxiety stress scales (DASS)] parameters. Psychological distress (GHQ-12>3) decreased significantly at follow-up, with 11.5% and 53.8% of patients having psychological distress in groups B and C, respectively, versus baseline (p<0.001). mMRC score, SGRQ score, FEV1 and 6-MWD significantly improved in all three groups. Improvement in mMRC and SGRQ was maximal in group B when compared with the other groups. PDT, CSCL, and WHO-QOL-Bref-26 scores improved significantly at follow-up in all three groups, with maximum improvement in group B, followed by group C, and then group A. The DASS score also improved maximally in group B. Patients should be screened for psychological co-morbidities using simple screening tools. PR plays an important role in improving the psychology of COPD patients. However, results are better with directed psycho-educative sessions by non-experts and best with definitive treatment by psychiatrists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jacob
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh.
| | - Kranti Garg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab.
| | - Kashish Dutta
- Department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh.
| | - Varinder Saini
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh.
| | - Deepak Aggarwal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh.
| | - Ajeet Sidana
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh.
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Palfreyman A, Vijayaraj K, Riyaz S, Rizwan Z, Sivayokan S, Thenakoon THS, Dayabandara M, Hanwella R, Devakumar D. What Women Want: Mental Health in the Context of Violence Against Women in Sri Lanka-A Qualitative Study of Priorities and Capacities for Care. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012241230326. [PMID: 38400515 DOI: 10.1177/10778012241230326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient evidence guides mental health service development for survivors of violence against women in Sri Lanka. Provider and survivor perspectives on (1) what constitutes mental health, (2) quality of care, and (3) priority areas and stakeholders for intervention were identified through framework analysis of 53 in-depth interviews. Desired care is chiefly psychosocial-not psychological-prioritizing socioeconomic, parenting, and safe environment needs in non-clinical community settings. Our evidence points strongly to the need to strengthen non-mental health community-based providers as "first contacts" and reassessment of health system-centric interventions which neglect preferred community responses and more holistic approaches accounting for women's full circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raveen Hanwella
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Delan Devakumar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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Adams K, Hussain N, Farrow M, Jones S. Personal academic tutors (PATs): A student perspective. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2024; 16:100-108. [PMID: 38158326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personal academic tutors (PATs) have an important role in providing academic and non-academic support for university students. This study sought to assess the effectiveness of a PAT system developed for pharmacy students. METHODS A student-led survey was developed using a mix of single answer, Likert-style scale, and free text responses. The questionnaire was peer reviewed by students and other researchers and was piloted before being made available online to pharmacy students. RESULTS One hundred fifty-nine responses were received from students across all stages of the programme. In general, students expressed high levels of satisfaction with their PATs. Despite high levels of recognition of positive attributes of the PAT system, students had low levels of willingness to discuss personal issues with their PAT. Male students were more comfortable than female students in discussing personal issues. The level of comfort expressed by female participants was not significantly different with male or female PATs. Often students turn to friends and family who may provide advice that is unhelpful or outdated, particularly for issues such as poor mental health. Reasons for not speaking to PATs included concerns about being judged and academic records being affected. Worryingly, 18% of respondents (n = 28) had personal issues that had not been disclosed to anyone. CONCLUSIONS Satisfaction with more traditional academic tutoring was high but the reluctance to discuss wellbeing issues was concerning. Further work involving the student body is planned to co-create strategies to overcome reluctance to discuss personal issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Adams
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - Nabila Hussain
- Alumnus, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Matthew Farrow
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Gardens Point Campus, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Road, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Sue Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
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Sinha N, Patil PS, Longkumer I, Chadha Y. Exploring Body Image Dissatisfaction and Psychiatric Co-morbidities in Rural India: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e53123. [PMID: 38420065 PMCID: PMC10899117 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines the intricate landscape of body image dissatisfaction (BID) in rural India, shedding light on the multifaceted factors influencing individual perceptions and societal expectations. Delving into cultural nuances, economic disparities, and gender-specific experiences, the study highlights the pervasive nature of BID across diverse age groups. Unveiling the complex interplay between BID and psychiatric co-morbidities, such as depression and anxiety, underscores the urgency of integrated mental health interventions. The review concludes with a resounding call to action for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and communities. It advocates for culturally sensitive mental health policies, targeted healthcare training, and community-driven initiatives to foster environments conducive to positive body image and mental well-being. By acknowledging these challenges and committing to collaborative solutions, this review aims to contribute to developing comprehensive strategies that address BID in rural India and pave the way for healthier and more resilient communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Sinha
- Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pradeep S Patil
- Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Imyarila Longkumer
- Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Yatika Chadha
- Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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Chakrapani V, Bharat S. Mental health in India: Sociocultural dimensions, policies and programs - An introduction to the India Series. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 4:100277. [PMID: 38807921 PMCID: PMC7616029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
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Mothersill D, Loughnane G, Grasso G, Hargreaves A. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours towards schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism: a pilot study. Ir J Psychol Med 2023; 40:634-640. [PMID: 34857060 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2021.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lack of knowledge and discriminatory attitudes and behaviours towards individuals with mental disorders is a worldwide problem but may be particularly damaging for young people. This pilot study examined knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism within a large sample of adults in Ireland, a country with the youngest population in Europe, in order to better understand public views on these groups. METHODS In a correlational, cross-sectional design, 307 adults in Ireland over the age of 18 completed a questionnaire over Google Forms examining knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism. Responses to questions specifically relating to each diagnosis were compared using trimmed mean ANOVA to examine whether responses to questions differed depending on diagnosis. RESULTS Results indicate varied knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards these groups, but a majority believe it should be a research priority. ANOVA and post hoc tests revealed significant differences in knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards each of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism (p < 0.005), and reported attitudes and behaviours towards schizophrenia were more negative than either bipolar disorder or autism. A majority of participants (54.8%) felt not informed enough about mental health by the media. CONCLUSIONS In our Irish sample, type and level of stigma varies according to mental health diagnosis. Our sample also report feeling inadequately informed about mental health by the media. Thus future policy and campaigns could consider targeting individual mental health diagnoses, with a focus on increasing familiarity and knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mothersill
- Psychology Department, School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Loughnane
- School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gabriela Grasso
- Psychology Department, School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - April Hargreaves
- Psychology Department, School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Shoib S, Zaidi I, Saeed F, Banerjee D, Swed S, Chandradasa M. Mental health insurance reform in India. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10:660-662. [PMID: 37475122 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Health Services, Srinagar, 190001 India; Sharda University, Greater Noida, India; Psychosis Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ilham Zaidi
- International Society for Chronic Illnesses, New Delhi, India
| | - Fahimeh Saeed
- Psychosis Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Debanjan Banerjee
- Department of Psychiatry, Apollo Multispecialty Hospitals, Kolkata, India
| | - Sarya Swed
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
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Bizzotto N, de Bruijn GJ, Schulz PJ. Buffering against exposure to mental health misinformation in online communities on Facebook: the interplay of depression literacy and expert moderation. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1577. [PMID: 37596592 PMCID: PMC10436646 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proliferation of health misinformation on social media is a growing public health concern. Online communities for mental health (OCMHs) are also considered an outlet for exposure to misinformation. This study explored the impact of the self-reported volume of exposure to mental health misinformation in misinformation agreement and the moderating effects of depression literacy and type of OCMHs participation (expert vs. peer-led). METHODS Participants (n = 403) were recruited in Italian-speaking OCMHs on Facebook. We conducted regression analyses using PROCESS macro (moderated moderation, Model 3). Measures included: the Depression Literacy Questionnaire (Griffiths et al., 2004), the self-reported misinformation exposure in the OCMHs (3 items), and misinformation agreement with the exposure items (3 items). Whether participants were members of expert or peer-led OCMHs was also investigated. RESULTS The final model explained the 12% variance in the agreement. There was a positive and significant relationship between misinformation exposure and misinformation agreement (β = 0.3221, p < .001), a significant two-way interaction between misinformation exposure and depression literacy (β = - 0.2179, p = .0014 ), and between self-reported misinformation exposure and type of OCMH (β = - 0.2322, p = .0254), such that at higher levels of depression literacy and in case of participation to expert-led OCMHs, the relationship misinformation exposure-misinformation agreement was weaker. Finally, a three-way interaction was found (β = 0.2497, p = .0144) that showed that depression literacy moderated the positive relationship between misinformation exposure and misinformation agreement such that the more misinformation participants were exposed to, the more they agreed with it unless they had higher levels of depression literacy; this, however, occurred only if they participated in peer-led groups. CONCLUSIONS Results provide evidence that the more members reported being exposed to mental health misinformation, the more they tended to agree with it, however this was only visible when participants had lower depression literacy and were participating in peer-led OCMHs. Results of this study suggest that both internal factors (i.e., high depression literacy) and external factors (the type of online community individuals were participating in) can buffer the negative effects of misinformation exposure. It also suggests that increasing depression literacy and expert community moderation could curb the negative consequences of misinformation exposure related to mental health. Results will guide interventions to mitigate the effects of misinformation in OCMHs, including encouraging health professionals in their administration and implementing health education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bizzotto
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gert-Jan de Bruijn
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Peter Johannes Schulz
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
- Department of Communication & Media, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kar SK, Singh A. Psychiatry treatment misunderstood: A challenge in psychiatric clinical practice in India. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 84:103587. [PMID: 37099925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, U.P., India.
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, U.P., India
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Zamorano S, Sáez-Alonso M, González-Sanguino C, Muñoz M. Social Stigma Towards Mental Health Problems in Spain: A Systematic Review. CLÍNICA Y SALUD 2023. [DOI: 10.5093/clysa2023a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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Gopalakrishnan L, Acharya B, Puri M, Diamond-Smith N. A longitudinal study of the role of spousal relationship quality and mother-in-law relationship quality on women’s depression in rural Nepal. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Perceived Wellbeing, Happiness, and Related Challenges among Indian College Students. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2023; 68:70-81. [PMID: 36686373 PMCID: PMC9845819 DOI: 10.1007/s12646-022-00705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the conceptualisation and determinants of happiness among Indian college students and identify areas in which they require help. The sample consisted of 362 students in the age group of 18 to 30 years (Mage = 20.9, SDage = 2.25) from two locations in North and South India. Online forms, including the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson et al. in J Pers Soc Psychol 54:1063-1070, 1998) and a qualitative survey, were used to collect the data. Results indicated that participants from institutions that offered mental health initiatives reported higher well-being than those who did not. Findings from the qualitative survey suggest that most participants conceptualised happiness in terms of need for satisfaction and well-being. The responses also indicated that leisure activities and time spent with the family determined the participants' happiness. Concerns related to interpersonal relationships made the participants unhappy, and most of them were willing to seek help in this regard. Factors beyond immediate self and interpersonal networks had a limited role in participants' perceived happiness and unhappiness. Study findings could guide the development of customised mental health and well-being promotion initiatives to meet the needs of Indian college students.
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Girase B, Parikh R, Vashisht S, Mullick A, Ambhore V, Maknikar S. India's policy and programmatic response to mental health of young people: A narrative review. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Tandon T, Piccolo M, Ledermann K, Gupta R, Morina N, Martin-Soelch C. Relationship between behavioral and mood responses to monetary rewards in a sample of Indian students with and without reported pain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20242. [PMID: 36424426 PMCID: PMC9691709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical pain has become a major health problem with many university students affected by it worldwide each year. Several studies have examined the prevalence of pain-related impairments in reward processing in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries but none of the studies have replicated these findings in a non-western cultural setting. Here, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of physical pain symptoms in a sample of university students in India and replicate our previous study conducted on university students in Switzerland, which showed reduced mood and behavioral responses to reward in students with significant pain symptoms. We grouped students into a sub-clinical (N = 40) and a control group (N = 48) to test the association between pain symptoms and reward processes. We used the Fribourg reward task and the pain sub-scale of the Symptom Checklist (SCL-27-plus) to assess physical symptoms of pain. We found that 45% of the students reported high levels of physical symptoms of pain and interestingly, our ANOVA results did not show any significant interaction between reward and the groups either for mood scores or for outcomes related to performance. These results might yield the first insights that pain-related impairment is not a universal phenomenon and can vary across cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Tandon
- Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
- Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Mayron Piccolo
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Katharina Ledermann
- Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rashmi Gupta
- Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Naser Morina
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Martin-Soelch
- Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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22
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Szőllősi GJ, Boruzs K, Karcagi-Kováts A, Kalas N, Bányai G, Bíró K. Investigation of the relationship between incidence of mental disorders and economic growth among the Visegrad countries. Front Public Health 2022; 10:982716. [PMID: 36159231 PMCID: PMC9490257 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.982716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention and care for mental disorders represent an important public health task in achieving global development goals. Proper access to adequate healthcare and social services is an important step related to care for mental disorders, which is presumably strongly related to economic growth. The main aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the economic growth and the incidence of mental disorders in the V4 countries. An ecological correlation study was conducted regarding the four Visegrad countries. Indicators were derived from the World Health Organization (WHO) 'Health for All' (HFA) online database and Penn World Table version 10. The incidence of mental disorders increased in the V4 countries throughout the years between 2000-2018 except in Hungary, where a decreasing trend was observed. The prevalence of mental disorders increased in all countries as well, but it stagnated in Hungary. At the same time standardized death rate due to mental disorders increased in all Visegrad countries. According to the Hungarian data, while the prevalence of the disease did not change remarkably, the incidence decreased and the mortality increased as well as the prescription of drugs used in the treatment of mental disorders. This could indicate a serious hidden morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő József Szőllősi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,*Correspondence: Gergő József Szőllősi
| | - Klára Boruzs
- Faculty of Economics and Business, Institute of Health Economics and Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Karcagi-Kováts
- Faculty of Economics and Business, Department of Environmental Economics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nándor Kalas
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bányai
- Faculty of Economics and Business, Institute of Health Economics and Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Klára Bíró
- Faculty of Economics and Business, Institute of Health Economics and Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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23
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Ebenezer JA, Alexander PM, Mukherjee A, Mythri SV. Finding the Rainbow in the Deluge: Community Mental Health Perspectives on Psychosocial Impacts of COVID-19 in India. Psychiatr Serv 2022; 73:937-939. [PMID: 35193375 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions in health care services, including mental health services. The impact of the pandemic has been especially severe in low- and middle-income countries, such as India. This Open Forum examines the challenges faced by primary care psychiatry in India and elaborates on how the pandemic has accentuated them. The "rainbow in the deluge" model is introduced as a simple model to train in usage of basic coping strategies for mental health issues that arise because of the pandemic and to provide a framework for finding meaning through the pandemic experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Alex Ebenezer
- Department of Distance Education, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India (Ebenezer, Alexander); Department of Palliative Care and Psycho-oncology, Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India (Mukherjee); Department of Psychiatry, Makunda Christian Leprosy and General Hospital, Bazaricherra, Karimganj District, Assam, India (Mythri)
| | - Praveen Mathew Alexander
- Department of Distance Education, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India (Ebenezer, Alexander); Department of Palliative Care and Psycho-oncology, Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India (Mukherjee); Department of Psychiatry, Makunda Christian Leprosy and General Hospital, Bazaricherra, Karimganj District, Assam, India (Mythri)
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Distance Education, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India (Ebenezer, Alexander); Department of Palliative Care and Psycho-oncology, Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India (Mukherjee); Department of Psychiatry, Makunda Christian Leprosy and General Hospital, Bazaricherra, Karimganj District, Assam, India (Mythri)
| | - Starlin Vijay Mythri
- Department of Distance Education, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India (Ebenezer, Alexander); Department of Palliative Care and Psycho-oncology, Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India (Mukherjee); Department of Psychiatry, Makunda Christian Leprosy and General Hospital, Bazaricherra, Karimganj District, Assam, India (Mythri)
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24
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Esther S, Acharya V. ‘We are not vocational trainers’: Indian occupational therapists’ experiences of working in mental health settings. WORLD FEDERATION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14473828.2022.2095493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Esther
- Department of Occupational Therapy, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal, India
| | - Vinita Acharya
- Department of Occupational Therapy, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal, India
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25
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Mishra M, Kumar A, Srivastava M, Kansal S. An exploratory study using the OMI scale to assess the opinion toward mental illness among young adults. INDIAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2022.v34i02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Public perception of mental illness is critical for successful treatment seeking behaviour as well as for early diagnosis and surveillance of disease. Two hundred eleven young patients were interviewed at Department of psychiatry, Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Varanasi with the help of consecutive sampling method. Objective: To assess the opinion towards mental illness among young adults by using the opinion on mental illness scale (OMI). Methods: Data was collected using the opinion about mental illness scale (OMI) which consists of 51 questions out of which, 15 questions directly related to the cause, care, and management of mental illness were randomly selected and analyzed. Analysis was done showing Percentage and chi-square tests to see the significance of scores between the respondents. Results: The finding shows that more than 70% of respondents believe that mental illness is a consequence of bad behavior, lack of willpower, or negative beliefs and gap in the treatment seeking behavior and understanding the cause of disease was found. Conclusions: Opinions on Mental health have received increasing attention as a useful strategy to promote early identification of mental illness, reduce stigma and enhance help-seeking behaviors. As part of the National Mental Health Programme, there is a need to raise awareness in order to enhance understanding of mental illness in facilitating early diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Hart MJ, Sable R, Gupta A, Boddu J, McQuillin SD. Adapting a School-Based Motivational Interviewing Mentoring Program for Use in India. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/01430343221080782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on the process of planning, adapting, and implementing a brief, instrumental, school-based mentoring curriculum originally developed in the United States, in three cities in India. India has the world’s largest population of young adults aged 10-24 years, a developmental period associated with heightened psychosocial stressors and the onset of mental health issues, as well as a dire shortage of mental health professionals. Moving services that are typically provided by highly skilled professionals to individuals with fewer credentials or less formal training (e.g., from psychologists to mentors) can increase access to adolescent mental health services. Yet, transferring programs internationally is accompanied by unique barriers including cultural differences, and should be guided by an established framework. In this paper, we discuss the formation of a research-practice partnership designed to generate applied knowledge through emic cultural perspectives. We describe each stage of the program adaptation process within the Cultural Adaptation Framework ( Fendt-Newlin et al., 2020 ), including our decisions to strategically adjust, remove, or retain content from the original mentoring intervention. Although program delivery was prematurely discontinued due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we provide a brief synopsis of lessons learned through the international partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J. Hart
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Rahul Sable
- Mentor Together, 76/1, 7th A Cross, 27th Main Rd, 1st Sector, HSR Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560102, India
| | - Arundhuti Gupta
- Mentor Together, 76/1, 7th A Cross, 27th Main Rd, 1st Sector, HSR Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560102, India
| | - Jean Boddu
- Mentor Together, 76/1, 7th A Cross, 27th Main Rd, 1st Sector, HSR Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560102, India
| | - Samuel D. McQuillin
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Grover S, Singh OP. Basics for Physicians and Psychiatrists for Effective Practice of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Services. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:S228-S235. [PMID: 35602360 PMCID: PMC9122166 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_714_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - O P Singh
- West Bengal Medical Services, Kolkata, West Bengal, India E-mail:
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Patel RB, Rao HR, Thakkar DV, Patel MR. Comprehending the potential of metallic, lipid, and polymer-based nanocarriers for treatment and management of depression. Neurochem Int 2021; 153:105259. [PMID: 34942308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) ranked depression as the third leading cause of global burden of disease in 2004, and it is predicted to overtake it and move to first place by 2030. It is a mental disorder that causes significant changes in the mood and day-to-day activity of an individual. Various approaches already exist for treating depression but, none of them are completely successful in treating depression. At present, discovering a new medication or delivery mechanism that can manage depression safely and efficiently is a huge challenge. Conventional formulations used in the management of depression have drawbacks like limited penetration, frequent dosing, toxicity, patient compliance concerns as well as brain barriers which are a big hurdle for antidepressant drugs to reach the brain through conventional formulations. Nano-based formulations are gaining popularity as one of the possibilities to overcome the limitations of conventional formulations by reducing the dose and dosing frequency, increasing the efficacy as well as proving it to be safe and effective means of treating depression. This review targets the neurochemistry and pathophysiological concerns of depression, strategies and problems of conventional therapies, and also recent advances in the metallic, lipid, and polymer-based nanoformulations for a variety of antidepressants. A detailed discussion of the expediency of various nanoformulations like liposomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, ethosomes, nanocapsules, dendrimer, gold and silver nanoparticles are addressed in the current review. In essence, nanoformulations hold great promises for the treatment of depression as they provide a platform with high penetration potential, targeted transmission, and improved protection and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmin B Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT - Campus, Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Hiteshree R Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT - Campus, Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Dinesh V Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, A.R. College of Pharmacy & G. H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidya Nagar, 388120, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Mrunali R Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT - Campus, Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India.
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Gonsalves PP, Sharma R, Hodgson E, Bhat B, Jambhale A, Weiss HA, Fairburn CG, Cavanagh K, Cuijpers P, Michelson D, Patel V. A Guided Internet-Based Problem-Solving Intervention Delivered Through Smartphones for Secondary School Pupils During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e30339. [PMID: 34586075 PMCID: PMC8496682 DOI: 10.2196/30339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background “POD Adventures” is a gamified mental health intervention delivered via a smartphone app and supported by counsellors for a target population of secondary school students in India. This paper describes the protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial of a remotely delivered version of the intervention in the context of COVID-19 restrictions. Objective Our objectives are to assess the feasibility of research procedures and intervention delivery and to generate preliminary estimates of the effectiveness of the intervention to inform the sample size calculation of a full-scale trial. Methods We will conduct a parallel, 2-arm, individually randomized pilot controlled trial in 11 secondary schools in Goa, India. This pilot trial aims to recruit 70 participants with a felt need for psychological support. Participants will receive either the POD Adventures intervention delivered over 4 weeks or usual care comprising information about local mental health services and national helplines. Outcomes will be assessed at two timepoints: baseline and 6 weeks post randomization. Results The first participant was enrolled on January 28, 2021, and 6-week assessment completed on April 4, 2021. Owing to a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India, schools in Goa were closed on April 22, 2021. Trial participants are currently receiving the intervention or completing follow-up assessments. Conclusions This pilot trial will help understand the feasibility of implementing and evaluating a remotely delivered digital mental health intervention in a low-resource setting. Our findings will be used to design future trials that can address difficulties of accessing psychosocial support in-person and support wider efforts to scale up evidence-based mental health interventions for young people. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04672486; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04672486 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/30339
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattie P Gonsalves
- Sangath, New Delhi, India.,School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Helen A Weiss
- Medical Research Council Tropical Epidemiology Group, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kate Cavanagh
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Michelson
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Vikram Patel
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Swain PK, Tripathy MR, Priyadarshini S, Acharya SK. Forecasting suicide rates in India: An empirical exposition. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255342. [PMID: 34324554 PMCID: PMC8321128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is a major social and health issue in India. Yearly statistics show a concerning increasing pattern of suicidal deaths in India which is higher in comparison to the global trend. There is limited evidence regarding historical analysis of suicide or any forecasting for suicide in India towards predicting the possible risks of death due to suicide. METHODS This paper examines the trend of suicide rate and characteristics of suicide victims in India, based on the longitudinal time series data over the last 50 years-collected from the National Crime Record Bureau Reports (1969 to 2018) of the Government of India. In our analysis, we have used the time series model to forecast the suicide rates in India for the next decade. ARIMA (4,1,0) model is found to be the best fit model for forecasting the data. FINDINGS There has been an observable and rising trend of suicide rates in India over the last five decades. The forecast indicates a continuance of rising suicide cases for an upcoming couple of years in India with a limited decline in the following years. The prediction model indicates a future relatively consistent pattern of suicide in India which does not seem to be a very encouraging trend. As we have not included the period staring the year 2020 onwards affected by Covid-19 and which has several disruptions in personal and family spaces, the projected suicide trend during the period of next two to three years (2020-22) may rise far high and then it may show a declining path. Along with this, there is a shift in means of suicide in the last couple of decades. Constituting the second-highest number of cases, Illness associated suicide was visibly a serious concern. CONCLUSION The present analysis finds that there is no visible substantial relief for suicide deaths during the coming years in India. On the other hand, more extensive exploration of sample cases may provide important information for suicide prevention. Availability of detailed and more inclusive data will be highly useful for analysis and suicide preventive policies. Investment in public health care and other welfare activities like education and employment generation will yield visible positive results in suicide control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Subhadra Priyadarshini
- Department of Statistics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Department of Research and Development, Kalinga Institute of Medical Science, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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He H, Wu Q, Hao Y, Chen S, Liu T, Liao Y. Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Depression Among Male and Female, Medical and Non-medical Major College Students. Front Psychol 2021; 12:648059. [PMID: 34248746 PMCID: PMC8267999 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stigma is often reported to be a barrier to the treatment and rehabilitation of depression. However, little is known about stigma toward people with depression among college students in China. Methods: Using a questionnaire with a case vignette describing depression, a total of 1,056 students from nine colleges/universities in Hunan Province of China were included in this study. The questionnaire addressed the attitudes toward depression and the desire for keeping a distance from depressed individuals. The current study explored the stigma attitudes of college students toward people with depression and the desire for social distancing, as well as the gender (male and female) and major (medical and non-medical) differences. Results: Over half of the respondents agreed that people described in the vignette were “dangerous” (60.7%) and “could snap out of the problem” (58.7%). Compared with female students, males were more likely to agree that “If I had this problem, I would not tell anyone” (7.0 vs. 13.2%, p = 0.001); compared with non-medical students, medical students were more likely to agree that “The problem is a sign of personal weakness” (38.0 vs. 50.0%, p < 0.001). A lot of respondents would be unwilling to “marry into the family of people with depression” (71.1%) or “work closely with them” (45.1%). Compared with male students, females were more unwilling to “work closely with them” (40.3 vs. 47.5%, p = 0.026). Conclusion: This study found that a high proportion of Chinese college students showed stigma toward and desire for social distancing from people with depression, male students and medical major students showed higher stigma in some subscale items toward people with depression. The present results suggest that more anti-stigma interventions should be applied for Chinese college students to help prevent or reduce stigma attitudes toward people with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu He
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhu Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Shubao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Porter C, Favara M, Hittmeyer A, Scott D, Sánchez Jiménez A, Ellanki R, Woldehanna T, Duc LT, Craske MG, Stein A. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depression symptoms of young people in the global south: evidence from a four-country cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049653. [PMID: 33858874 PMCID: PMC8053815 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide evidence on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people who grew up in poverty in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). DESIGN A phone survey administered between August and October 2020 to participants of a population-based longitudinal cohort study established in 2002 comprising two cohorts born in 1994-1995 and 2001-2002 in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh and Telangana), Peru and Vietnam. We use logistic regressions to examine associations between mental health and pandemic-related stressors, structural factors (gender, age), and lifelong protective/risk factors (parent and peer relationship, wealth, long-term health problems, past emotional problems, subjective well-being) measured at younger ages. SETTING A geographically diverse, poverty-focused sample, also reaching those without mobile phones or internet access. PARTICIPANTS 10 496 individuals were approached; 9730 participated. Overall, 8988 individuals were included in this study; 4610 (51%) men and 4378 (49%) women. Non-inclusion was due to non-location or missing data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Symptoms consistent with at least mild anxiety or depression were measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (≥5) or Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (≥5). RESULTS Rates of symptoms of at least mild anxiety (depression) were highest in Peru at 41% (32%) (95% CI 38.63% to 43.12%; (29.49-33.74)), and lowest in Vietnam at 9% (9%) (95% CI 8.16% to 10.58%; (8.33-10.77)), mirroring COVID-19 mortality rates. Women were most affected in all countries except Ethiopia. Pandemic-related stressors such as health risks/expenses, economic adversity, food insecurity, and educational or employment disruption were risk factors for anxiety and depression, though showed varying levels of importance across countries. Prior parent/peer relationships were protective factors, while long-term health or emotional problems were risk factors. CONCLUSION Pandemic-related health, economic and social stress present significant risks to the mental health of young people in LMICs where mental health support is limited, but urgently needed to prevent long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Favara
- Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annina Hittmeyer
- Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Douglas Scott
- Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Revathi Ellanki
- Director, Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Begumpet, India
| | - Tassew Woldehanna
- Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Le Thuc Duc
- Centre for Analysis and Forecasting, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
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