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Spruijtenburg GE, van Abswoude F, Adams ILJ, Platvoet SWJ, de Niet M, Steenbergen B. Change in general and domain-specific physical activity during the transition from primary to secondary education: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1005. [PMID: 38605307 PMCID: PMC11008009 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of changes in the domains of physical activity (PA) during the transition period from primary to secondary education and the factors associated with these changes, are prerequisites for the design of effective PA promotion strategies. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to systematically review changes in general, leisure-time, school, transport, work, and home PA across the transition from primary to secondary education. The second aim was to systematically review the individual, social, and physical environmental factors that were associated with these changes. METHODS Records published up until September 2023 were retrieved from five electronic databases. We included longitudinal and cross-sectional studies that investigated general or domain-specific PA from 2 years before to 2 years after the transition from primary to secondary education. Information on source, study characteristics, sample characteristics, PA, and factors were extracted from the papers included. We reported the direction of change in general and domain-specific PA and the direction of association of the factors with change in general and domain-specific PA. RESULTS Forty-eight papers were included in the study. The evidence on changes in PA and associated factors was greatest for general PA. A limited number of the studies investigated the separate domains of leisure-time, school, and transport. Most studies on general and school PA reported a decline in PA, but there were no consistent results for the domains of leisure-time and transport. With respect to the associated factors, evidence was predominantly found for individual factors and to a lesser degree for physical environmental and social environmental factors. None of the factors were consistently associated with changes in general or domain-specific PA during the school transition. CONCLUSIONS For the design of targeted PA promotion strategies, further studies are warranted to explore changes in the specific domains of PA across the transition from primary to secondary education, especially in the domains of leisure-time, transport, home, and work PA. In addition, the interactions between factors at different socioecological levels to influence changes in PA need to be addressed more in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020190204.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Femke van Abswoude
- Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Imke L J Adams
- Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan W J Platvoet
- Institute for Studies in Sports and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark de Niet
- Institute for Studies in Sports and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Steenbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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de Jesus GM, Dias LA, Barros AKC, Araujo LDMDS, Schrann MMF. Do girls wash dishes and boys play sports? Gender inequalities in physical activity and in the use of screen-based devices among schoolchildren from urban and rural areas in Brazil. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:196. [PMID: 38229021 PMCID: PMC10792968 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to analyze gender inequalities in types of physical activity (PA) and in the use of screen-based devices among schoolchildren from both urban and rural areas in Brazil. METHODS Data from two population-based surveys conducted in 2019 (urban areas: n = 2,479; 52.6% girls; age = 9.2 ± 1.51 years) and 2022 (rural areas: n = 979; 42.6% girls; age = 9.4 ± 1.52 years) were used. PA (active play, nonactive play, home chores, and structured physical activities) and the use of screen-based devices (TV, cellphone, videogame, and computer) were self-reported in a previous-day-recall online questionnaire (Web-CAAFE). Absolute gender inequalities were evaluated and presented as equiplots. Relative gender inequalities were evaluated by the prevalence ratio (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), which were estimated by Poisson regression, with adjustments for age and BMI z scores. RESULTS Girls from urban and rural areas presented a lower prevalence of active play and a higher prevalence of home chores. The prevalence of nonactive play among girls from urban areas was also lower; however, their prevalence of structured physical activities was higher, especially among girls aged seven to nine years. Girls in both urban and rural areas presented a higher prevalence of TV viewing and lower use of video games. CONCLUSION The gender inequalities observed in the types of physical activities and in the use of screen-based devices could be considered potential correlates of the likelihood of girls' and boys' compliance with the physical activity guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar Mercês de Jesus
- Public Health Post-Graduate Program, State University of Feira de Santana, Travessa Pássaro Vermelho,32, Santa Mônica II, CEP: 44082- 320, Feira de Santana, Brazil.
| | - Lizziane Andrade Dias
- Public Health Post-Graduate Program, State University of Feira de Santana, Travessa Pássaro Vermelho,32, Santa Mônica II, CEP: 44082- 320, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Anna Karolina Cerqueira Barros
- Public Health Post-Graduate Program, State University of Feira de Santana, Travessa Pássaro Vermelho,32, Santa Mônica II, CEP: 44082- 320, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Lara Daniele Matos Dos Santos Araujo
- Public Health Post-Graduate Program, State University of Feira de Santana, Travessa Pássaro Vermelho,32, Santa Mônica II, CEP: 44082- 320, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Mayva Mayana Ferreira Schrann
- Public Health Post-Graduate Program, State University of Feira de Santana, Travessa Pássaro Vermelho,32, Santa Mônica II, CEP: 44082- 320, Feira de Santana, Brazil
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Lin L, Guo J, Bhadra A, Gelfand SB, Delp EJ, Richards EA, Hennessy E, Eicher-Miller HA. Temporal Patterns of Diet and Physical Activity and of Diet Alone Have More Numerous Relationships With Health and Disease Status Indicators Compared to Temporal Patterns of Physical Activity Alone. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:1729-1748.e3. [PMID: 37437807 PMCID: PMC10789913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily temporal patterns of energy intake (temporal dietary patterns [TDPs]) and physical activity (temporal physical activity patterns [TPAPs]) have been independently and jointly (temporal dietary and physical activity patterns [TDPAPs]) associated with health and disease status indicators. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the number and strength of association between clusters of daily TDPs, TPAPs, and TDPAPs and multiple health and disease status indicators. DESIGN This cross-sectional study used 1 reliable weekday dietary recall and 1 random weekday of accelerometer data to partition to create clusters of participants representing the 3 temporal patterns. Four clusters were created via kernel-k means clustering algorithm of the same constrained dynamic time warping distance computed over the time series for each temporal pattern. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2006), 1,836 US adults aged 20 through 65 years who were not pregnant and had valid diet, physical activity, sociodemographic, anthropometric, questionnaire, and health and disease status indicator data were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Health status indicators used as outcome measures were body mass index, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure; disease status indicators included obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Multivariate regression models determined associations between the clusters representing each pattern and health and disease status indicators, controlling for confounders and adjusting for multiple comparisons. The number of significant differences among clusters and adjusted R2 and Akaike information criterion compared the strength of associations between clusters of patterns and continuous and categorical health and disease status indicators. RESULTS TDPAPs showed 21 significant associations with health and disease status indicators, including body mass index, waist circumference, obesity, and type 2 diabetes; TDPs showed 19 significant associations; and TPAPs showed 8 significant associations. CONCLUSIONS TDPAPs and TDPs had stronger and more numerous associations with health and disease status indicators compared with TPAPs. Patterns representing the integration of daily dietary habits hold promise for early detection of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luotao Lin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Anindya Bhadra
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Saul B Gelfand
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Edward J Delp
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Erin Hennessy
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Guo J, Gelfand SB, Hennessy E, Aqeel MM, Eicher-Miller HA, Richards EA, Lin L, Bhadra A, Delp EJ. Cluster Analysis to Find Temporal Physical Activity Patterns Among US Adults. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.23.23284777. [PMID: 36747782 PMCID: PMC9901066 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.23284777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is known to be a risk factor for obesity and chronic diseases such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Few attempts have been made to pattern the time of physical activity while incorporating intensity and duration in order to determine the relationship of this multi-faceted behavior with health. In this paper, we explore a distance-based approach for clustering daily physical activity time series to estimate temporal physical activity patterns among U.S. adults (ages 20-65) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 (NHANES). A number of distance measures and distance-based clustering methods were investigated and compared using various metrics. These metrics include the Silhouette and the Dunn Index (internal criteria), and the associations of the clusters with health status indicators (external criteria). Our experiments indicate that using a distance-based cluster analysis approach to estimate temporal physical activity patterns through the day, has the potential to describe the complexity of behavior rather than characterizing physical activity patterns solely by sums or labels of maximum activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Guo
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Saul B Gelfand
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Erin Hennessy
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Boston MA, USA
| | - Marah M Aqeel
- Department of Nutrition Science Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Luotao Lin
- Department of Nutrition Science Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Anindya Bhadra
- Department of Statistics Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Edward J Delp
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
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How do previously inactive individuals restructure their time to ‘fit in’ morning or evening exercise: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Med 2022:10.1007/s10865-022-00370-x. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate changes in sedentary and active behaviors when previously inactive adults start exercising in the morning or evening. One-hundred adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were recruited for a 12-week intervention and randomized to one of three groups: (i) morning exercise (AMEx; 0600–0900); (ii) evening exercise (PMEx; 1600–1900); or (iii) waitlist control. AMEx and PMEx were prescribed self-paced aerobic exercise to achieve a weekly total of 250 min via a combination of supervised and unsupervised training. Sedentary and active behavior times were measured at baseline, mid- and post-intervention using the multimedia activity recall for children and adults. Time spent engaging in physical activity was significantly increased from baseline at both mid- (+ 14–22 min·day−1) and post-intervention (+ 12–19 min·day−1), for AMEx and PMEx. At 12-weeks, participants in both morning and evening exercise groups reported increased time spent Sleeping (+ 36 and + 20 min·day−1, respecitively), and reduced time spent watching TV/playing videogames (− 32 and − 25 min·day−1, respectively). In response to an exercise stimulus, previously inactive adults make encouraging modifications in how they use their time, and the patterns of change are similar with morning and evening exercise.
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Derigny T, Schnitzler C, Remmers T, Van Kann D, Gandrieau J, Seye N, Baquet G, Potdevin F. Catch me if you can! How French adolescents seize social occasions and opportunities to be active. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1332. [PMID: 35831822 PMCID: PMC9277992 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following an ecological framework, the aim of this study was to highlight the way adolescents invested their time in opportunities to engage in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) according to whether they were profiled as more or less active. This study's innovation lies in the analysis of MVPA according to social occasions which are understood as opportunities to be active throughout the day (e.g. home, school, transport). METHODS PA data measured by accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X) for seven consecutive days were compiled, with adolescents' social occasions during the week recorded in a daily digital diary (n = 135). The opportunity ratio of MVPA at each social time is the ratio between time spent in MVPA and the duration of a corresponding social occasion. Following the literature, participants were categorised into three profiles according to their reported amount of MVPA: HEPA active, minimally active and inactive. Non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank and Kruskal Wallis tests were performed to determine the relative intensity of PA performed at different social occasions, and to investigate whether intensities differed between adolescents with various activity profiles. RESULTS Results showed that engagement in MVPA at different social occasions differed according to participant profiles. Mismatch was noticed between the opportunity ratio and the duration of the most and least favorable social occasions for MVPA. For all three profiles, the social occasion "physical education lesson" revealed an opportunity ratio of MVPA (23.6% vs 17.0% vs 13.8%) significantly higher than the overall opportunity ratio of the week (6.9% vs 2.9% vs 1.2%), but of lower duration. Conversely, "home" (5.3% vs 0.0% vs 0.0%) and "school" (outside of PE time) (2.4% vs 0.0% vs 0.0%) represented the two least opportune social occasions for PA in an adolescent's week. CONCLUSIONS Rethinking engagement with MVPA in the context of temporal opportunities would allow potential ways to intervene within an educational supervised setting to help young people adopt a physically active lifestyle at the end of the key period of adolescence. These results reinforced the importance of context in interventions for PA promotion, opening for "time education" in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Derigny
- University Lille, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Christophe Schnitzler
- Sport et Sciences Sociales, E3S, UR1342, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Teun Remmers
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, 5644 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Dave Van Kann
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, 5644 HZ, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University (Medical Center+), NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph Gandrieau
- University Lille, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Ndongo Seye
- Faculty of Mathematiques and applications, speciality Statistiques, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Georges Baquet
- University Lille, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - François Potdevin
- University Lille, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59000, Lille, France
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Thomas G, Bennie JA, De Cocker K, Dwi Andriyani F, Booker B, Biddle SJH, Lonsdale C, Biddle S. Using Wearable Cameras to Categorize the Type and Context of Screen-Based Behaviors Among Adolescents: Observational Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e28208. [PMID: 35311672 PMCID: PMC8981006 DOI: 10.2196/28208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Automated wearable cameras present a new opportunity to accurately assess human behavior. However, this technology is seldom used in the study of adolescent's screen exposure, and the field is reliant on poor-quality self-report data. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine adolescents' screen exposure by categorizing the type and context of behaviors using automated wearable cameras. METHODS Adolescents (mean age 15.4 years, SD 1.6 years; n=10) wore a camera for 3 school evenings and 1 weekend day. The camera captured an image every 10 seconds. Fieldwork was completed between February and March 2020, and data were analyzed in August 2020. Images were date and time stamped, and coded for screen type, content, and context. RESULTS Data representing 71,396 images were analyzed. Overall, 74.0% (52,842/71,396) of images contained screens and 16.8% (11,976/71,396) of images contained multiple screens. Most screen exposures involved television sets (25,950/71,396, 36.3%), smartphones (20,851/71,396, 29.2%), and laptop computers (15,309/71,396, 21.4%). The context of screen use differed by device type, although most screen exposures occurred at home (62,455/64,856, 96.3%) and with solitary engagement (54,430/64,856, 83.9%). The immediate after-school period saw high laptop computer use (4785/15,950, 30.0%), while smartphone use (2059/5320, 38.7%) peaked during prebedtime hours. Weekend screen exposure was high, with smartphone use (1070/1927, 55.5%) peaking in the early morning period and fluctuating throughout the day. CONCLUSIONS There was evidence for high screen use during the after-school and weekend period, mostly through solitary engagement, and within the home environment. The findings may inform the basis of larger studies aimed at examining screen exposure in free-living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Thomas
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia
| | - Jason A Bennie
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia.,Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Fitria Dwi Andriyani
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia.,Department of Sports Education, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bridget Booker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia
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Sun X, Zhao B, Liu J, Wang Y, Xu F, Wang Y, Xue H. A 3-year longitudinal study of the association of physical activity and sedentary behaviours with childhood obesity in China: The childhood obesity study in China mega-cities. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12753. [PMID: 33225582 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine school children's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB) during 2015 to 2017 in China, and study their associations with children's weight status and relevant gender differences. METHODS This open cohort study included students from five major cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Xi'an, Nanjing, and Chengdu) across China. Data were collected from students in 2015, 2016, and 2017 (n = 5535) and from their parents and school personnel. Children's weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. SB and PA factors were evaluated using questionnaires. Mixed-effects models examined the relationship between weight status and PA-/SB-associated factors using this longitudinal data. RESULTS These children had high rates of obesity (12.4%, 95% CI 11.6%-13.3%) and central obesity (28.1%, 95% CI 26.9%-29.3%) during 2015 to 2017. Boys were more likely to have obesity than girls (16.5% vs 8.4%, respectively) as well as centrally obesity (36.3% vs 19.8%, respectively) and spent more time in screen viewing than girls (hours/week ± SD: 2015, 1.8 ± 2.5 vs 1.5 ± 2.0; 2016, 2.0 ± 2.4 vs 1.8 ± 2.5; 2017, 1.7 ± 2.3 vs 1.4 ± 2.1 hours/week). Those who walked <5 minutes on their average daily walk to school were more likely to have obesity (OR: 1.96, 95% CI 1.03-3.73) than those who spent ≥15 minutes on walking to school. When stratified by gender, this higher risk was only observed in girls (OR: 3.01, 95% CI 1.09-8.35). Children who spent more time in screen viewing were more likely to have obesity (OR: 1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.21) and have central obesity (OR: 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.09). The association for obesity was consistent in boys and girls (boys, OR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.25; girls, OR: 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.24). CONCLUSIONS More screen time and less walking time were risk factors for developing obesity in urban Chinese children. The associations varied by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Sun
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Bingtong Zhao
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Youfa Wang
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Department of Nutrition and Health Science, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Hong Xue
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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Association between Tobacco Consumption and Problematic Internet Use and the Practice of Physical Activity in Spanish Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105464. [PMID: 34065308 PMCID: PMC8161240 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The practice of physical activity (PA) is a healthy habit that offers health benefits. In contrast, the lack thereof may be associated with an increase in diseases, even at an early age. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between unhealthy behaviors, such as tobacco consumption and problematic internet use, and the practice of PA in adolescents. Protective factors (physical activity and sport) and risk factors (leading a sedentary life, tobacco use, and problematic internet use) were evaluated. Other variables such as sex, the intensity of physical activity, and being a member of a sports federation were also evaluated. The sample consisted of a total of 1222 Spanish adolescents. Univariate descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression were used, and confirmatory factor analyses and structural models were also estimated. The results confirm a significant positive association between physical activity, intensity, and being a member of a sports federation, as well as between cigarette consumption and internet use. It is advisable to implement public policies that promote the practice of sports as a direct investment in health, preventing the consumption of tobacco and other habits that are harmful to the health of adolescents.
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Efraim M, Kirwan CB, Muncy NM, Tucker LA, Kwon S, Bailey BW. Acute after-school screen time in children decreases impulse control and activation toward high-calorie food stimuli in brain regions related to reward and attention. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:177-189. [PMID: 32128716 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of after-school sedentary screen time on children's brain activation in reward and cognitive control regions in response to pictures of high- and low-calorie foods. Thirty-two children participated in a randomized crossover study with counterbalanced treatment conditions. Conditions took place on separate days after school and included three hours of active or sedentary play. After each condition, neural activation was assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while participants completed a go/no-go task involving pictures of high- and low-calorie foods. General response inhibition was also measured using the Stroop task. Hunger was measured upon arrival to the testing facility and just prior to fMRI scans. Mixed effects models were used to evaluate main effects and interactions. Significant stimulus by condition interactions were found in the right superior parietal cortex, and left anterior cingulate cortex (Ps ≤ 0.05). High-calorie pictures elicited significantly more activation bilaterally in the orbitofrontal cortex compared to low-calorie pictures (Ps ≤ 0.05). Stroop task performance diminished significantly following the sedentary condition compared to the active (P ≤ 0.05). Subjective feelings of hunger were not different between conditions at any point. Sedentary screen time was associated with significantly decreased response inhibition and a reversed brain activation pattern to pictures of high- and low-calorie foods compared to active play, in areas of the brain important to the modulation of food intake. Decreased attention, and impulse control following sedentary screen time may contribute to disinhibited eating that can lead to overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Efraim
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 267 Smith Fieldhouse, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - C Brock Kirwan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Nathan M Muncy
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Larry A Tucker
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 267 Smith Fieldhouse, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Sunku Kwon
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 267 Smith Fieldhouse, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Bruce W Bailey
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 267 Smith Fieldhouse, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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Beemer LR, Twardzik E, Colabianchi N, Hasson RE. Patterning of physical activity and sedentary behavior at and away from school in preadolescent children. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2020; 52:48-55. [PMID: 34239654 DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2020.1853631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Understanding how and where children accumulate their physical activity (PA) and sedentary minutes throughout the day has important implications for behavioral interventions. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the duration and intensity of habitual PA and sedentary time (SED) at and away from school among preadolescent children. Methods Data from twenty-one children ages 7-11 (57% girls; 57% non-white; 24% overweight/obese) were included in this analysis. Proportion of time spent in PA, SED, and SED bouts were examined on school days (in-school and out-of-school) and non-school days via accelerometry. Results When comparing school time with non-school time on school days, children accumulated a higher proportion of light PA while in-school [49.3% (i.e. 5 minutes 18 seconds) vs. 39.6% (i.e. 3 hours 53 minutes), p=0.01]. While at school, the proportion of time spent in SED was less [46.3% (i.e. 3 hours 7 minutes) vs. 56.3% (i.e. 5 hours 32 minutes), p=0.01] and fewer children spent time engaged in prolonged sitting compared to out-of-school [uninterrupted SED for 30 minutes 52.4% (i.e. 11 children) vs. 85.7% (i.e. 18 children), p=0.02]. Discussion These findings suggest children are proportionately most active and least sedentary when at school, yet children only accumulated approximately 18 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA in this environment. Translation to Health Education Practice These preliminary findings can help to inform physical activity programming designed to promote life-long physical activity behaviors in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica Twardzik
- University of Michigan, School of Kinesiology.,University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Natalie Colabianchi
- University of Michigan, School of Kinesiology.,University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research
| | - Rebecca E Hasson
- University of Michigan, School of Kinesiology.,University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences
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Remmers T, Van Kann D, Kremers S, Ettema D, de Vries SI, Vos S, Thijs C. Investigating longitudinal context-specific physical activity patterns in transition from primary to secondary school using accelerometers, GPS, and GIS. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:66. [PMID: 32423411 PMCID: PMC7236458 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous longitudinal studies indicate that physical activity (PA) significantly declines from primary-to secondary school, and report both changes in individual and environmental determinants of PA. In order to understand this transition and to prevent this negative trend, it is important to gather contextually rich data on possible mechanisms that drive this decline. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate changes of PA patterns in transition between primary and secondary school, and to add domain-specific insights of how, where, and when these changes occur. METHODS In total, 175 children participated in a 7-day accelerometer- and Global Positioning System (GPS) protocol at their last year of primary and their first year of secondary school. GPS data-points were overlaid with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) data using ArcGIS 10.1 software. Based on the GPS locations of individual data-points, we identified child's PA at home, school, local sports grounds, shopping centers, and other locations. Also, trips in active and passive transport were identified according to previously validated GPS speed-algorithms. Longitudinal multi-level linear mixed models were fitted adjusting for age, gender, meteorological circumstances, and the nested structure of days within children and children within schools. Outcome measures were minutes spent in light PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA, specified for the time-segments before school, during school, after school and weekend days. RESULTS Total PA significantly declined from primary to secondary school. Although transport-related PA increased before- and during school, decreases were found for especially afterschool time spent at sports grounds and transport-related PA during weekends. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that demonstrated longitudinal changes of context- and domain-specific PA patterns in transition between primary and secondary school, based on device-assessed PA. Given the importance of this transition-period for the development of long-term PA patterns, results from this study warrant the development of evidence-based PA programs in this transition period, while acknowledging the integrative role of schools, parents, and afterschool sports providers. More specifically, the results underline the need to increase children's PA levels in primary schools, promote afterschool PA at secondary schools, and to prevent the drop-out in sports participation at secondary schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun Remmers
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 347, Eindhoven, AH, 5600, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht, Maastricht University (Medical Center+), CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Dave Van Kann
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 347, Eindhoven, AH, 5600, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University (Medical Center+), NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stef Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University (Medical Center+), NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Ettema
- Department of Human Geography and Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne I de Vries
- The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Research group Healthy Lifestyle in a Supporting Environment, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Steven Vos
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 347, Eindhoven, AH, 5600, The Netherlands
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carel Thijs
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht, Maastricht University (Medical Center+), CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Martínez-Sánchez SM, Martínez-García TE, Bueno-Antequera J, Munguía-Izquierdo D. Feasibility and effect of a Pilates program on the clinical, physical and sleep parameters of adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 39:101161. [PMID: 32379690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anorexia nervosa (AN) becomes chronic, with high physical, psychological and social morbidity and high mortality without early and effective treatment. The impact of physical exercise as a coadjutant to conventional treatment in this clinical population has been studied with favorable results. Although a Pilates program could be beneficial for patients with AN, no study has analyzed its feasibility and effects in adolescents with AN. Therefore, this study evaluated the safety of a Pilates program and investigated the feasibility and effect in adolescents with AN. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective quasi-experimental study, body composition, blood analysis, sedentary time, physical activity and time of sleep, and physical fitness were measured objectively before and after a 10-week Pilates supervised program. RESULTS Twelve female adolescents with AN (14.6 ± 1.7 years old) completed the program, with a session attendance rate of 96%, a persistence rate of 100%. There were significant increases in height, plasma calcium and sleep efficiency. Significant decreases in plasma follitropin, sleep duration and, duration and number of night perturbations were observed. CONCLUSION A Pilates program is safe and feasible in adolescents with AN when they have a controlled and stable weight, and such a program could be a viable alternative among treatment programs to achieve better sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía M Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Javier Bueno-Antequera
- Physical Performance Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
| | - Diego Munguía-Izquierdo
- Physical Performance Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging, Madrid, Spain.
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Critical Hours and Important Environments: Relationships between Afterschool Physical Activity and the Physical Environment Using GPS, GIS and Accelerometers in 10-12-Year-Old Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173116. [PMID: 31461924 PMCID: PMC6747485 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess relationships between children’s physical environment and afterschool leisure time physical activity (PA) and active transport. Methods: Children aged 10–12 years participated in a 7-day accelerometer and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) protocol. Afterschool leisure time PA and active transport were identified based on location- and speed-algorithms based on accelerometer, GPS and Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) data. We operationalized children’s exposure to the environment by combining home, school and the daily transport environment in individualized daily activity-spaces. Results: In total, 255 children from 20 Dutch primary schools from suburban areas provided valid data. This study showed that greenspaces and smaller distances from the children’s home to school were associated with afterschool leisure time PA and walking. Greater distances between home and school, as well as pedestrian infrastructure were associated with increased cycling. Conclusion: We demonstrated associations between environments and afterschool PA within several behavioral contexts. Future studies are encouraged to target specific behavioral domains and to develop natural experiments based on interactions between several types of the environment, child characteristics and potential socio-cognitive processes.
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Grao-Cruces A, Segura-Jiménez V, Conde-Caveda J, García-Cervantes L, Martínez-Gómez D, Keating XD, Castro-Piñero J. The Role of School in Helping Children and Adolescents Reach the Physical Activity Recommendations: The UP&DOWN Study. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2019; 89:612-618. [PMID: 31131455 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims were to: (1) examine the levels of physical activity (PA) during different time periods (ie, daily PA, school hour PA, recess PA, physical education classes [PEC] PA) in children and adolescents; and (2) identify the rate of compliance with the specific PA recommendations for these time periods. METHODS The participants were 1925 (940 girls) children and adolescents from 40 Spanish schools. Hip-worn accelerometers were used to assess PA during different time periods. RESULTS Boys and children were more physically active and had a greater percentage meeting the daily PA recommendation and the school-based PA recommendation than girls and adolescents, respectively. Compliance with daily PA recommendation was markedly higher than that with the school-based PA recommendation, regardless of sex and age groups (ie, 80.4% vs 24.1% for daily and school-based PA recommendations, respectively, in child boys). A very low percentage (ie, 9.7% and 1.2% of child boys with almost 50% of moderate-to-vigorous PA during recess and PEC, respectively) of students reached the recommended PA levels for recess and PEC. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity levels during school hours, recess, and PEC in children and adolescents are very low. Promoting PA in school settings is essential, especially in girls and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Grao-Cruces
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui s/n, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Avda. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Victor Segura-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui s/n, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Avda. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Julio Conde-Caveda
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui s/n, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Avda. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Laura García-Cervantes
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28019 Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ and CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Avda. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Carr. de Canto Blanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiaofen D Keating
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway STOP D5700, Austin, TX
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui s/n, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Avda. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
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Every Minute Counts: Patterns and Times of Physical Activity Participation in Children From Socially Disadvantaged Areas in Ireland. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:333-339. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Morell-Azanza L, Ojeda-Rodríguez A, Ochotorena-Elicegui A, Martín-Calvo N, Chueca M, Marti A, Azcona-San Julian C. Changes in objectively measured physical activity after a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention in children with abdominal obesity: a randomized control trial. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:90. [PMID: 30947686 PMCID: PMC6448302 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is associated with changes in body composition that affect insulin sensitivity and leptin levels. Few studies have assessed the effect of lifestyle interventions on changes in objectively measured PA levels in obese children. To evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention on anthropometric indices, biochemical parameters and accelerometer measured PA in abdominal obese children. METHODS A randomized control trial was performed in 106 children and adolescents with abdominal obesity. Participants were randomly assigned to usual or intensive care group for 8-week. PA was measured by accelerometry over four days including, at least, two weekdays in all participants. Both groups were encouraged to accumulate an extra time of 200 min per week in their PA. RESULTS At baseline, 75% of subjects do not fulfill the WHO recommendation of being more than 60 min/day on moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). The intensive care group achieved a significant reduction in anthropometric indexes compared to the usual care but no significant change was found in biochemical or PA parameters. Both groups achieved a significant reduction in light PA. Interestingly, intensive care participants significantly increased MVPA in 5.5 min/day. Moreover, an inverse association between changes in MVPA and leptin levels was found. CONCLUSION The two lifestyle intervention reduced anthropometric indexes and lowered light PA in abdominal obese children. No significant differences were observed between intensive care and usual care in regard to PA. Intensive care participants significantly increase physical activity (MVPA) and, changes in MVPA were inversely associated with changes in leptin levels after the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , Identifier: NCT03147261 . Registered 10 May 2017. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Morell-Azanza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra Spain
- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra Spain
- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Ochotorena-Elicegui
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Martín-Calvo
- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Chueca
- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amelia Marti
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra Spain
- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Azcona-San Julian
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain
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Jesus GMD, Dias LA, Cerqueira PDA, Assis MAAD, Kupek E. Diferenças de gênero na avaliação qualitativa de atividades físicas e sedentárias de escolares de 7 a 10 anos no nordeste brasileiro. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Ala-Kitula A, Peltonen J, Finni T, Linnamo V. Physical activity on days with and without soccer practice in 12-13-year-old boys. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2018.1562276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Ala-Kitula
- Neuromusuclar Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Taija Finni
- Neuromusuclar Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vesa Linnamo
- Neuromusuclar Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Borghese MM, Borgundvaag E, McIsaac MA, Janssen I. Imputing accelerometer nonwear time in children influences estimates of sedentary time and its associations with cardiometabolic risk. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:7. [PMID: 30654817 PMCID: PMC6337764 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A limitation of measuring sedentary time with an accelerometer is device removal. The resulting nonwear time is typically deleted from the data prior to calculating sedentary time. This could impact estimates of sedentary time and its associations with health indicators. We evaluated whether using multiple imputation to replace nonwear accelerometer epochs influences such estimates in children. Methods 452 children (50% male) aged 10–13 were tasked with wearing an accelerometer (15 s epochs) for 7 days. On average, 8% of waking time was classified as nonwear time. Sedentary time was derived from a “nonimputed” dataset using the typical approach of deleting epochs that occurred during nonwear time, as well as from an “imputed” dataset. In the imputed dataset, each nonwear epoch was re-classified as being as sedentary or not using multiple imputation (5 iterations) which was informed by the likelihood of a wear time epoch being classified as sedentary or not using parameter estimates from a logistic regression model. Estimates of sedentary time and associations between sedentary time and health indicators (cardiometabolic risk factor and internalizing mental health symptoms Z-scores) were compared between the nonimputed and imputed datasets. Results On average, sedentary time was 33 min/day higher in the imputed dataset than in the nonimputed dataset (632 vs. 599 min/day). The association between sedentary time and the cardiometabolic risk factor Z-score was stronger in the imputed vs. the nonimputed dataset (β = 0.137 vs. β = 0.092 per 60 min/day change, respectively). These findings were more pronounced among children who had < 7 days with ≥10 h of wear time. Conclusion Researchers should consider using multiple imputation to address accelerometer nonwear time, rather than deleting it, in order to derive more unbiased estimates of sedentary time and its associations with health indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Borghese
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division St, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - E Borgundvaag
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, 99 University Avenue, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - M A McIsaac
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, 99 University Avenue, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - I Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division St, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Bundhun D, Rampadarath S, Puchooa D, Jeewon R. Dietary intake and lifestyle behaviors of children in Mauritius. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00546. [PMID: 29560459 PMCID: PMC5857626 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to explore the dietary intake, fruit, vegetable and energy intake and lifestyle behaviors among Mauritian children. A validated questionnaire was used, assessing dietary intake, mean energy intake, mean body mass index (BMI), lifestyle behaviors as well as nutritional knowledge (NK) among males and females. 336 children aged 6–12 years (165 males and 171 females) from 8 public primary schools were recruited. Statistical analyses revealed that children consumed less nutritious foods such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains and more of refined and calorie-laden foods, with no significant differences across genders. Mean energy intake of children was 1522 ± 282.4 kcal per day while mean BMI was 17.5 ± 4.03 kg/m2. Majority of children had a low-to-moderate physical activity level (PAL), with males being more active than females on average (P = 0.021). 88.7% of children watched TV for more than an hour daily, with 84.8% of them reporting to be eating during the process. Females were more likely to be breakfast skippers (P = 0.003). Maximum frequency of snacking was twice daily (72.7%) while consumption of fast food was once or twice weekly (44.0%). Results indicate the need for intervention with aim of improving the dietary and life quality of children in Mauritius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digvijayini Bundhun
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Sillma Rampadarath
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Daneshwar Puchooa
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
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Ruiz RM, Sommer EC, Tracy D, Banda JA, Economos CD, JaKa MM, Evenson KR, Buchowski MS, Barkin SL. Novel patterns of physical activity in a large sample of preschool-aged children. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:242. [PMID: 29439704 PMCID: PMC5812042 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), shown to be associated with health benefits, is not well-characterized in preschool-aged children. MVPA is commonly described as a threshold amount to achieve. We examined a novel way to characterize MVPA patterns in preschool-aged children by gender and age. Methods Preschool-aged children from Nashville, TN and Minneapolis, MN wore triaxial accelerometers. Four distinct MVPA patterns were identified: isolated spurt (IS), isolated sustained activity (ISA), clustered spurt (CS), and clustered sustained activity (CSA). Multivariable linear regression models were used to test associations of gender and age with each pattern. Results One thousand one hundred thirty-one children (3.9 years old, 51% girls, 30% overweight, 11% obese, and 76% Hispanic) wore accelerometers for 12.9 (SD = 1.4) hours/day for 6.7 (SD = 0.7) days. Children spent 53% of wear time in sedentary behavior and 13% in MVPA. On average, boys and girls achieved > 90 min/day of MVPA (98.2 min, SD = 32.3). Most MVPA (80%) was obtained in spurt-like (IS and CS) MVPA; however, girls spent a higher proportion of MVPA in IS and CS, and lower proportion of time in CSA (all p < 0.001). Controlling for gender, an increase of 1-year in age corresponded to a 1.5% increase in CSA (p < 0.05). Conclusions How MVPA was obtained varied depending on the gender and age of the child. On average, boys spent more time in sustained MVPA than girls and MVPA was more sustained in older children. Utilizing these patterns could inform PA practice and policy guidelines. Trial registration NCT01316653, date of registration: March 3, 2011; NCT01606891, date of registration: May 23, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Ruiz
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Stanford University School of Medicine, 750 Welch Road, Suite 116, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Evan C Sommer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232-9225, USA
| | - Dustin Tracy
- Department of Economics, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, 14 Marietta St, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jorge A Banda
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Medical School Office Building, 1265 Welch Road, Room X1C39, Stanford, CA, 94305-5415, USA
| | - Christina D Economos
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Jaharis Family Center for Biomedical and Nutrition Sciences, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Megan M JaKa
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S 2nd St., Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454-1015, USA
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 137 East Franklin Street, Suite 306, CVS Plaza, CB #8050, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Maciej S Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Ave, A4103 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232-5280, USA
| | - Shari L Barkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Children's Way, Doctor's Office Tower 8232, Nashville, TN, 37232-9225, USA.
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Substituting Sedentary Time With Light and Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity is Associated With Better Cardiometabolic Health. J Phys Act Health 2017; 15:197-203. [PMID: 28872401 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2017-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the current study was to apply a more novel approach to systematically examine (1) associations of clustered cardiometabolic risk and cardiometabolic risk factors and (2) theoretical substitution of sedentary time with either sleep, light physical activity (LPA), or moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and substituting LPA with MVPA. METHODS Physical activity and sleep were objectively measured in 410 Flemish adults [55.5 (9.6) y, 64% men] with a SenseWear Pro 3 Armband. Cardiometabolic risk factors (obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) and cardiorespiratory fitness were objectively measured. Isotemporal substitution analyses were performed to assess the associations between substituting time from a potentially negative behavior into another potentially positive behavior. RESULTS Theoretical substitution of sedentary time with MVPA was associated with decreased clustered cardiometabolic risk, b = -0.06 (-0.08 to -0.04), and substituting LPA with MVPA was associated with a decrease in clustered cardiometabolic risk, b = -0.08 (-0.11 to -0.04). Substituting sedentary time with LPA or sleep improved high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and waist circumference. CONCLUSION Theoretical replacement of sedentary time with either sleep, LPA, or MVPA was positively associated with improved cardiometabolic risk factor status. Interventions for increasing cardiometabolic health can focus on replacing sedentary time with either sleep, LPA, or MVPA depending on the risk parameters that need to be targeted.
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Using functional data analysis to understand daily activity levels and patterns in primary school-aged children: Cross-sectional analysis of a UK-wide study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187677. [PMID: 29117203 PMCID: PMC5678875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temporal characterisation of physical activity in children is required for effective strategies to increase physical activity (PA). Evidence regarding determinants of physical activity in childhood and their time-dependent patterns remain inconclusive. We used functional data analysis (FDA) to model temporal profiles of daily activity, measured objectively using accelerometers, to identify diurnal and seasonal PA patterns in a nationally representative sample of primary school-aged UK children. We hypothesised that PA levels would be lower in girls than boys at play times and after school, higher in children participating in social forms of exercise (such as sport or play), and lower among those not walking to school. Methods Children participating in the UK-wide Millennium Cohort Study wore an Actigraph GT1M accelerometer for seven consecutive days during waking hours. We modelled 6,497 daily PA profiles from singleton children (3,176 boys; mean age: 7.5 years) by means of splines, and used functional analysis of variance to examine the cross-sectional relation of time and place of measurement, demographic and behavioural characteristics to smoothed PA profiles. Results Diurnal and time-specific patterns of activity showed significant variation by sex, ethnicity, UK country and season of measurement; girls were markedly less active than boys during school break times than boys, and children of Indian ethnicity were significantly less active during school hours (9:30–12:00). Social activities such as sport clubs, playing with friends were associated with higher level of PA in afternoon (15:00–17:30) and early evenings (17:30–19:30). Lower PA levels between 8:30–9:30 and 17:30–19:30 were associated with mode of travel to and from school, and number of cars in regular use in the household. Conclusion Diminished PA in primary school aged children is temporally patterned and related to modifiable behavioural factors. FDA can be used to inform and evaluate public health policies to promote childhood PA.
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Imputing Accelerometer Nonwear Time When Assessing Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Children. J Phys Act Health 2017; 14:852-860. [PMID: 28556671 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limitation of accelerometer measures of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is nonwear time. Nonwear-time data is typically deleted prior to estimating MVPA. In this study, we used an approach that used sociodemographic, health, and time data to guide the imputation of nonwear-time data. We determined whether imputing nonwear-time data influences estimates of MVPA and the association between MVPA, body mass index, and blood pressure. METHODS Seven days of accelerometer data were collected on 332 children aged 10-13 years. MVPA was estimated in a "nonimputed dataset," wherein nonwear-time data were deleted prior to estimating MVPA, and in an "imputed dataset," wherein nonwear-time data were imputed using sociodemographic and health characteristics of participants and time characteristics of the nonwear period prior to estimating MVPA. RESULTS Nonwear time represented 7% of waking hours. Average MVPA estimates did not differ in the nonimputed and imputed datasets (56.8 vs 58.4 min/d). The strength of the relationship between MVPA and the 2 health outcomes did not differ in the nonimputed and imputed datasets. CONCLUSIONS Studies achieving high accelerometer wear-time compliance can obtain MVPA estimates without substantial bias if they use the traditional approach of deleting nonwear-time data.
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Lau EY, Dowda M, McIver KL, Pate RR. Changes in Physical Activity in the School, Afterschool, and Evening Periods During the Transition From Elementary to Middle School. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:531-537. [PMID: 28580668 PMCID: PMC5485849 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined longitudinal changes in children's physical activity during the school day, afterschool, and evening across fifth, sixth, and seventh grades. METHODS The analytical sample included children who had valid accelerometer data in fifth grade and at least one other time-point, and provided complete sociodemographic information (N = 768, 751, and 612 for the 3 time-periods studied). Accelerometer-derived total physical activity (TPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were expressed in minutes per hour for the school day (∼7:45 am to 3:30 pm), afterschool (∼2:25 to 6:00 pm), and evening (6:00 to 10:00 pm) periods. We used growth curve analyses to examine changes in TPA and MVPA. RESULTS School day TPA and MVPA declined significantly; we observed a greater decrease from fifth to sixth grades than from sixth to seventh grades. Afterschool TPA declined significantly, but MVPA increased significantly among girls and remained stable for boys. Evening TPA decreased significantly and MVPA declined significantly in girls and remained stable among boys. CONCLUSIONS To inform the development of effective intervention strategies, research should focus on examining factors associated with the decline in physical activity during the transition from elementary to middle school, particularly during the hours when children are in school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Y Lau
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 2146 Health Science Mall, Room 4604, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, Public Health Research Center, University of South Carolina, 222, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Kerry L McIver
- Department of Exercise Science, Public Health Research Center, University of South Carolina, 233, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Public Health Research Center, University of South Carolina, 214, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208
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Li M, Xue H, Wang W, Wang Y. Parental Expectations and Child Screen and Academic Sedentary Behaviors in China. Am J Prev Med 2017; 52:680-689. [PMID: 28108188 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined sociodemographic patterns of parental expectations for academic performance, terminal degree, and future occupation for middle school students in China, and how these expectations influence students' screen-based and academic-related sedentary behaviors through parenting control practices. METHODS Based on data collected in 2013-2014 from 19,487 Chinese middle school students, bivariate logistic regressions tested associations between sociodemographic variables and parental expectations; structural equation models tested associations between parental expectations and students' self-reported daily time on TV/Internet/homework, with parental controls as potential mediators. Analyses were performed in October 2015. RESULTS Chinese students spent 0.96 (SD=1.44) hours/day on TV, 0.56 (SD=1.20) on Internet use, and 2.79 (SD=2.07) on homework. Girls spent more hours/day on homework (2.98 [SD=2.07] vs 2.62 [SD=2.04]) than boys but less on TV (0.90 [SD=1.37] vs 1.02 [SD=1.50]) and Internet (0.42 [SD=0.98] vs 0.69 [SD=1.36]). More than 30% of students were expected by parents to reach the top five of their class, almost 90% were expected to earn a college degree or higher, and >80% were expected to have a professional occupation. Students in rural areas, with siblings, and with lower parental SES tended to bear lower parental expectations. Children experiencing higher parental expectations spent more time on homework but less time on TV/Internet, partially explained by stricter parental homework and screen control. CONCLUSIONS High parental expectations suppress screen use but promote academic-related sedentary behaviors for Chinese children. Interventions should attend to academic-related sedentary behaviors and call for broader policies addressing sociocultural factors fueling high parental expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Hong Xue
- Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Sociology, Renmin University of China, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Youfa Wang
- Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana.
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