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Alyami MH, Al-Slaim HM, Alzamanan HM, Bayan MF, Ahmed K. The Prevalence of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Najran Region, Saudi Arabia. J Pers Med 2024; 14:470. [PMID: 38793052 PMCID: PMC11122554 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of this study was to investigate the knowledge, prevalence, and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among individuals in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia. In the Najran region of Saudi Arabia, an online cross-sectional survey was conducted. Between September and October 2023, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of the general population aged 18 and up. The survey instrument asked about history and exposure, physician-diagnosed illnesses, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), medication use, and other risk factors. This research had a total of 2046 individuals. Around one-fifth of the study participants reported that they or a family member suffered from CVD, and arrhythmia was the most commonly reported; blood tests, cardiac catheterization, and ECG were the most commonly reported tests performed for CVD patients, around one-tenth of CVD patients reported that they do not have any chronic diseases other than CVD, and the vast majority of the patients confirmed their regular medical appointments. This is one of the first studies to investigate the knowledge, prevalence, and use of CVD drugs among individuals in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia. The study participants' lack of knowledge about CVD could lead to ineffective preventive measures and poor patient outcomes. The study's findings underscore the crucial need for more extensive and efficient educational initiatives that consider the targeted population's talents, attitudes, and perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.A.); (H.M.A.-S.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Hussain Mahdi Al-Slaim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.A.); (H.M.A.-S.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Hamad Mana Alzamanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.A.); (H.M.A.-S.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Mohammad F. Bayan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | - Khalid Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi Arabia;
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Talic S, Marquina C, Lybrand S, Liew D, Ademi Z. Calling for Urgent Actions to Improve Lipid Management in Australia-Low Medication Adherence and Poor Therapeutic Goal Attainment Lead to Poor Outcomes and Wasted Resources. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:102005. [PMID: 37516329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Talic
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Clara Marquina
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sean Lybrand
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zanfina Ademi
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Gözüm S, Dağıstan Akgöz A. Community-Dwelling Adults' Perceived Versus Actual Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity Levels and Related Factors. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2023; 29:E263-E272. [PMID: 37498516 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The difference between actual and perceived risk levels shows distorted risk perception. Unrealistic perceptions of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks and insufficient knowledge about CVD risk factors can not only hinder the adoption of a positive lifestyle change but also obstruct preventive efforts. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between perceived and actual risks, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity levels. DESIGN This descriptive study included 522 community-dwelling adults in 2 different regions of Antalya/Turkey. The actual CVD risk level of the participants was determined using the "HeartScore program," actual body weight was determined according to BMI, and actual activity levels were found using the "International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF)." The perceived risks were measured with the CVD Risk and Risk Factors Perception Determination Questionnaire. CVD Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL) Scale was used to calculate the participants' level of knowledge about the risk factors. RESULTS There was no concordance between the participants' actual and perceived CVD risks. A below-average agreement was found between the participants' actual and perceived BMI levels. In terms of actual measurements, it was seen that slightly obese individuals have a realistic perception. There was a weak agreement between the actual and perceived physical activity levels of the adults. Knowledge about the CVD risk factors of adults does not affect the perception of CVD risk and BMI and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Adults have an optimistic risk perception regarding CVD risk, BMI, and physical activity levels. It may be beneficial to periodically assess actual risks to change skewed perceptions of CVD and risk factors. These findings will inform the development of tailored intervention strategies and policies for these adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebahat Gözüm
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Gibore NS, Munyogwa MJ, Ng'weshemi SK, Gesase AP. Prevalence and knowledge of modifiable cardiovascular diseases risk factors among vulnerable population in Central Tanzania. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:373. [PMID: 37496008 PMCID: PMC10373223 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the global public health problem which has been associated with increasing prevalence of modifiable CVDs risk factors. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and knowledge of modifiable CVDs risk factors among vulnerable population of Central Tanzania. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 749 participants were interviewed. The socio-demographic information and modifiable CVDs risk factors (behavioral and biological) were measured using a modified World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach for chronic disease risk factor surveillance. Knowledge of modifiable CVDs risk factors was measured by comprehensive heart disease knowledge questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the knowledge and prevalence of modifiable CVDs risk factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with adequate knowledge of CVDs risk factors. RESULTS The prevalence of béhavioral risk factors were; current smokers and alcohol consumers were 4.4% and 18.0% respectively, use of raw salt was 43.7%, consumption of fruit/vegetables < 5 days per week was 56.9%. The prevalence of Biological CVDs risk factors was as follows: Overall, 63.5% (33.3% overweight and 29.9% obese) were overweight or obese, 4.5% were diabetic and 43.4% were hypertensive. Only 35.4% of participants had adequate knowledge of CVDs risk factors. Being a male (AOR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.01-2.06, p < .05), having primary education (AOR = 6.43, 95%CI = 2.39-17.36, p < .0001), being employed (AOR = 1.59, 95%CI = 1.00-2.52, p < .05), ever checked blood pressure (AOR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.42-0.84, p < .001), family history of hypertension (AOR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.25-0.57, p < .0001) determined adequate knowledge of CVDs risk factors. CONCLUSIONS This study has revealed a high prevalence of modifiable CVDs risk factors and low knowledge of CVDs risk factors. Community health promotion interventions to increase population knowledge of CVDs risk factors are recommended for the efficacious reduction of CVDs in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyasiro Sophia Gibore
- Department of Public Health and Community Nursing, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 395, Dodoma, Tanzania.
| | - Mariam John Munyogwa
- Department of Community Medicine, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 395, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | | | - Ainory Peter Gesase
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 395, Dodoma, Tanzania
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Alamnia TT, Sargent GM, Kelly M. Patterns of Non-Communicable Disease, Multimorbidity, and Population Awareness in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:3013-3031. [PMID: 37465551 PMCID: PMC10351527 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s421749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Ethiopia, like other developing countries, is going through an epidemiological transition, and high rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are having a significant impact on the health system; however, there is limited evidence about community level NCD prevalence, multimorbidity, and population awareness that could inform targeted interventions and policy responses. This study aimed to identify factors associated with NCD prevalence, multimorbidity, and population awareness of NCDs in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with 417 randomly sampled adults. We performed descriptive and logistic regression analyses to evaluate associations between NCD prevalence (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension) multimorbidity (2 or more NCDs) and demographic, socioeconomic, individual risk factors, anthropometrics, knowledge, and attitude. Results This study reveals that 24% of participating adults have an NCD, and 8% have multimorbidity. One-third (34.5%) have some NCD knowledge, and 75% consider NCDs more dangerous than communicable diseases. We find low NCD prevalence in participants: younger than 40 years of age (AOR 0.17, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.39); with normal body mass index (AOR 0.27, 0.10 to 0.77) and; with a family history of NCD (AOR 7.7, 4.2 to 14.1). Multimorbidity is lower in young adults (AOR 0.08, 0.03 to 0.26). NCD knowledge is higher in men (AOR 1.76, 1.06 to 2.93) and employed adults (AOR 2.91, 1.52 to 5.57), and NCD attitude in normal-weight adults (AOR 3.23, 1.42 to 7.39). Conclusion This study reveals a high prevalence of NCD and overall low NCD awareness in the population. Age above 40 years, family history of NCD, and weight in the obese category are significant predictors of NCD prevalence. These findings can help health professionals, health offices, and concerned stakeholders to plan targeted health interventions to reduce NCDs in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Tewabe Alamnia
- College of Medical and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ginny M Sargent
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Matthew Kelly
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Swed S, Alibrahim H, Bohsas H, Hafez W, Rais MA, Shoib S, Albazee E, Elsayed MEG, Sawaf B, Farwati A, Seijari MN, Battikh N, Shaheen N, Ibrahem N, Alsaleh A, Lee KY, Rakab A. Syrians' awareness of cardiovascular disease risk factors and warning indicators: a descriptive cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6764. [PMID: 37185580 PMCID: PMC10130054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The awareness of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contributes to the complications and fatality rates from these diseases among individuals; however, no previous study in Syria was conducted on this topic; thus, this study aims to assess Syrians' awareness of CVDs warning symptoms and risk factors. This online cross-sectional study was performed in Syria between the 1st and 25th of August 2022. The inclusion criteria for the sample were citizens of Syria over 18 who currently reside in Syria. The questionnaire included open- and closed-ended questions to assess the awareness of CVDs. A total of 1201 participants enrolled in the study with a response rate of 97.2%; more than half of the participants (61.4%) were aged 18-24. The most recognizable risk factors and warning signs when asking close-ended and open-ended questions were smoking (95.2%, 37.1%) and chest pain (87.8%, 24.8%), respectively. Overall knowledge scores for risk factors and warning signs were (61.5%). Regarding knowledge score of CVDs risk factors and warning signs, participants aged 45-54 scored higher than other age groups, and respondents with a university education level had a higher score than other educational levels (15.7 ± 0.3), (14.5 ± 0.1), respectively. Participants aged 45-54 have a higher probability of good knowledge of CVDs risk factors and warning signs than participants aged 18-24 (OR = 4.8, P value < 0.001), while participants living in the countryside were less likely to have good knowledge of CVDs risk factors and warning signs than city residents (OR = 0.6, P value < 0.05). According to our results, there is inadequate knowledge of the risk factors and warning signs of CVDs. Consequently, there is a greater need to raise CVD awareness and learning initiatives on the disease's risk factors and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarya Swed
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | | | - Wael Hafez
- NMC Royal Hospital, 16th Street, Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Medical Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sheikh Shoib
- JLNM Hospital, Rainawari, Srinagar, India
- Directorate of Health Services, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Ebraheem Albazee
- Kuwait Institute for Medical Specializations, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed E G Elsayed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bisher Sawaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amr Farwati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Naim Battikh
- John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, USA
| | - Nour Shaheen
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nafeth Ibrahem
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ahmad Alsaleh
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ka Yiu Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
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Chukwuemeka UM, Okoro FC, Okonkwo UP, Amaechi IA, Anakor AC, Onwuakagba IU, Okafor CN. Knowledge, awareness, and presence of cardiovascular risk factors among college staff of a Nigerian University. BULLETIN OF FACULTY OF PHYSICAL THERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43161-023-00119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global morbidity often overlooked. Much of the population risk of CVD is attributable to modifiable risk factors, and the gaps in knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) are barriers to the effective prevention and treatment of CVDs.
Aim
To assess the knowledge, awareness, and CVD risk among the staff of the college of health science.
Methods
A cross-sectional study of 70 academic and non-academic staff who consented were given questionnaires for cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) knowledge level, cardiovascular risk awareness (CRA), international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), and international stress management association questionnaire (ISMAQ). Selected anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar (FBG) were also measured.
Results
The mean knowledge level of CVDs was 23.21 ± 3.230, and the mean CRA was 42.61 ± 4.237. The study participants demonstrated moderate-to-high stress (48%), physical inactivity of 18.9%, overweight/obesity of 62.48%, abdominal obesity of 21.4%, hypertensive (systole and diastole) of 27.2%, hyperglycemic of 7.2%, and smokers of 7.2%. There was a significant relationship between the participants’ knowledge level and awareness of CVDs (p < 0.003) and knowledge of CRFs also increased with an increase in educational level. Participants > 40 years had a 3–9% risk of having a CVD event within 10 years.
Conclusions
The knowledge and awareness of CRFs among the participants was high, and some exhibited risk factors. The staff of the university could improve their risk score by practicing health-promoting behaviors like increased physical activity, blood pressure control, and smoking cessation.
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Okube OT, Kimani ST, Mirie W. Effect of a Nurse-Led Intervention on Knowledge of the Modifiable Risk Behaviors of Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231201044. [PMID: 37691727 PMCID: PMC10492479 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231201044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has disproportionately burdened the low- and middle-income countries where awareness and detection rates remain very low. Interventions directed to promote the community's awareness of CVD may help reduce the public's exposure to behavioral risk factors. However, the effectiveness of interventions implemented through a nurse on knowledge of the modifiable behavioral risk factors and preventive measures of CVD has not been determined in Kenya. Objective To establish the effect of a nurse-led intervention on knowledge of the modifiable risk behaviors of CVD in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) attending a mission-based hospital in Kenya. Methods A two-armed parallel-group randomized controlled trial design was conducted among 352 adults aged 18-64 years with MetS. The participants were recruited from a faith-based hospital in Nairobi, Kenya and randomly allocated to either a nurse-led lifestyle intervention or a control group. The intervention group received a comprehensive health education intervention using the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline recommendations for CVD control and prevention. Individuals in the control group were exposed to the usual CVD care according to hospital protocol. The duration of the intervention was 12 months. The primary outcome measure was a change in levels of knowledge on the modifiable risk factors and preventive measures of CVD. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at 15 months postintervention. Pre- and postintervention difference in the level of knowledge between the two groups was determined using the chi-square test of independence. Results The knowledge level of CVD risk factors and preventive measures was very low in both groups at baseline without significant difference. A significant improvement in the level of knowledge on CVD risk factors (78.2% vs. 30.4%, p < .001) and preventive measures (74.4% vs. 29.0%, p < .001) was observed in the intervention group relative to the control at the end-line. Conclusions The nurse-led lifestyle intervention significantly improved participants' level of knowledge on CVD risk factors and preventive measures. It is highly recommended that nurses incorporate routine health education interventions for patients with cardio-metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okubatsion Tekeste Okube
- School of Nursing Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- School of Nursing, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel T. Kimani
- School of Nursing Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Waithira Mirie
- School of Nursing Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Johri N, Matreja PS, Maurya A, Varshney S, Smritigandha. Role of β-blockers in Preventing Heart Failure and Major Adverse Cardiac Events Post Myocardial Infarction. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e110123212591. [PMID: 36635926 PMCID: PMC10494272 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666230111143901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
β-blockers have been widely utilized as a part of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treatment for the past 40 years. Patients receiving β-adrenergic blockers for an extended period following myocardial infarction have a higher chance of surviving. Although many patients benefited from β-blockers, many do not, including those with myocardial infarction, left ventricle dysfunction, chronic pulmonary disease, and elderly people. In individuals with the post-acute coronary syndrome and normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the appropriate duration of betablocker therapy is still unknown. There is also no time limit for those without angina and those who do not need β-blockers for arrhythmia or hypertension. Interestingly, β-blockers have been prescribed for more than four decades. The novel mechanism of action on cellular compartments has been found continually, which opens a new way for their potential application in cardiac failure and other cardiac events like post-myocardial infarction. Here, in this review, we studied β-blocker usage in these circumstances and the current recommendations for β-blocker use from clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Johri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prithpal S. Matreja
- Department of Pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Maurya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivani Varshney
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smritigandha
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mengistu MD, Benti H. Assessment of magnitude and spectrum of cardiovascular disease admissions and outcomes in Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa: A retrospective study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267527. [PMID: 36508450 PMCID: PMC10045542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases(CVD) remain the leading cause of death in the world and over 80% of all cardiovascular-related deaths occur in low and middle income countries. Ethiopia is in epidemiologic transition from predominantly infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases and the CVD is a major public health challenge. METHODS The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and spectrum of cardiovascular admission and its outcomes among medical patients admitted to both Medical Ward and ICU of St. Paul Teaching Hospital from 1st of Jan 2020 to 1st of Jan 2021. RESULTS Out of 1,165 annual medical admissions, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases(CVD) was 30.3%. About 60%(212) of patients had advanced congestive heart failure of diverse causes. Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) was the next predominant diagnosis (41%(146)), and also the leading cause of cardiac diseases followed by rheumatic valvular heart disease(RVHD) (18%(64)) and Ischemic heart disease (IHD) (12.2%(43)), respectively. Yong age, rural residence and female sex were associated with RVHD(p = 0.001). Stroke also accounted for 20%(70) of CVD admission (hemorrhagic stroke-17% Vs Ischemic stroke-83%). Hypertension was the predominate risk factor for CVD and present in 46.7%(168) of patients. The mean hospital stay was 12days and in-hospital mortality rate was 24.3% with septic shock being the commonest immediate cause of death followed by fatal arrhythmia, brain herniation, and massive PTE. CONCLUSION Cardiovascular diseases were common in the study area causing significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, comprehensive approach is imperative to timely screen for cardiovascular risk reduction, disease control and complication prevention. Strategies should also be designed to increase public awareness regarding the cardiovascular risk reduction, drug adherence, and possible complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekoya D. Mengistu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yekatit-12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Henok Benti
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul Hospital, Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Ul Sabah Z, Mohammed Alshorfi HA, Ali AlAsiri AA, Aziz S, Wani J, Khan H. Evaluation and Assessment of Community Awareness About Coronary Artery Disease in the Aseer Region. Cureus 2022; 14:e31667. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Akinmoladun OF, Femi FA, Nesamvuni CN. Implication of knowledge, lifestyle and self-efficacy in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases' risk factors among the urban elderly. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221138894. [PMID: 36377358 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221138894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is preventable by effectively managing its risk factors. Such risk factors (smoking, unhealthy eating habits, sedentary lifestyles, etc.) are judged to reflect an individual's self-efficacy, lifestyle modification, and CVD knowledge. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between lifestyle practices, self-efficacy, and knowledge of CVDs risk factors among the elderly. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 424 randomly individuals whose age is ≥60 years. A questionnaire-based survey was administered on the self-efficacy rate, lifestyle practices, and respondents' knowledge of CVDs risk factors. Respondents with a score of ≤50%, 51%-74.99%, and ≥75% were classified as having low, medium, or high self-efficacy. Similarly, the same score was used to classify poor, fair, or good lifestyle; and low, average, or high knowledge. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, while association among variables was determined using chi-square. Results: Few respondents were involved in physical exercise (1.7%), cigarette smoking (4.5%), regular soft drinks (18.2%), and alcohol consumption (13.2%). Many respondents used excess salt during cooking (92.7%) or ate outside their homes (64.6%). 58.5%, 30.0%, and 11.6% of the respondents had fair, good, and poor lifestyle practices. 11.3%, 58.7%, and 30.0% had low, medium, and high self-efficacy scores. A total of 45.3%, 35.4%, and 19.3% had low, average, and high knowledge. Knowledge and self-efficacy scores were significantly different (P = 0.001). Conclusion: High self-efficacy and its significant relationship with knowledge could mean that CVD risk factors can be checked if the elderly have a proper lifestyle, positive attitudes, and nutrition education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun F Akinmoladun
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, 56868University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Food Science and Technology, 398081Wesley University, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Fortune A Femi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 119054Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Cebisa N Nesamvuni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, 56868University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Cardiovascular Diseases in the Lebanese Population. Glob Heart 2022; 17:47. [PMID: 36051313 PMCID: PMC9336688 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally. Assessing CVD knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) is necessary to spread awareness about CVD in Lebanon, their corresponding risk factors, and behaviors in which individuals can avoid or minimize the possibility of developing a CVD. Subjects & Methods: This was a case-control analytical study that targeted 921 CVD and non-CVD subjects. A questionnaire form was used to collect data related to patients’ demographics, socioeconomic status, habits, medical and family history, KAP towards CVD, and source of information. Data was analyzed using SPSS v.25. Results: Data from 921 participants were distributed over the CVD group (52.6% males aged 58.3 ± 13.7 years [n = 460]) and the non-CVD group (47.7% males aged 36.3 ± 15.4 years [n = 461]). CVD patients were significantly older than non-CVD subjects (p < 0.001). All three KAP scores of both groups were of poor to fair levels. Both CVD knowledge and attitude mean scores in CVD patients (26.6 ± 5.2 over 40 [66.50%] and 63.3 ± 10.2 over 85 [74.47%], respectively) were significantly higher than the ones of non-CVD subjects (23.5 ± 7.9 over 40 [58.75%] and 61.4 ± 12.4 over 85 [72.74%], respectively, p < 0.001). However, the CVD mean practice score was significantly lower in CVD patients (6.0 ± 1.7 over 9 [66.67%]) than the one of non-CVD subjects (6.3 ± 2.2 over 9 [70.00%] p < 0.001). Mostly, educational level (p < 0.001), governorate (p < 0.01), and smoking (p < 0.001) were predictors of KAP CVD in both groups. Conclusion: With an overall limited knowledge, attitude, and practice toward CVDs, the Lebanese population (with CVD or non-CVD) needs targeted national campaigns about CVD according to the identified predictors of CVD KAP to prevent and to alleviate the complications due to CVDs.
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Liu Y, Ma J, Zhang N, Xiao JY, Wang JX, Li XW, Wang J, Zhang Y, Gao MD, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang JX, Xu SB, Gao J. Latent class cluster analysis of knowledge on acute myocardial infarction in community residents: a cross-sectional study in Tianjin, China. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051952. [PMID: 35697448 PMCID: PMC9196158 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Public knowledge of early onset symptoms and risk factors (RF) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is very important for prevention, recurrence and guide medical seeking behaviours. This study aimed to identify clusters of knowledge on symptoms and RFs of AMI, compare characteristics and the awareness of the need for prompt treatment. DESIGN Multistage stratified sampling was used in this cross-sectional study. Latent GOLD Statistical Package was used to identify and classify the respondent subtypes of the knowledge on AMI symptoms or modifiable RFs. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors that predicted high knowledge membership. PARTICIPANTS A structured questionnaire was used to interview 4200 community residents aged over 35 in China. 4122 valid questionnaires were recovered. RESULTS For AMI symptoms and RFs, the knowledge levels were classified into two or three distinct clusters, respectively. 62.7% (Symptom High Knowledge Cluster) and 39.5% (RF High Knowledge Cluster) of the respondents were able to identify most of the symptoms and modifiable RFs. Respondents who were highly educated, had higher monthly household income, were insured, had regular physical examinations, had a disease history of AMI RFs, had AMI history in immediate family member or acquaintance or had received public education on AMI were observed to have higher probability of knowledge on symptoms and RFs. There was significant difference in awareness of the prompt treatment in case of AMI occurs among different clusters. 'Calling an ambulance' was the most popular option in response of seeing others presenting symptoms of AMI. CONCLUSIONS A moderate or relatively low knowledge on AMI symptoms and modifiable RFs was observed in our study. Identification of Knowledge Clusters could be a way to detect specific targeted groups with low knowledge of AMI, which may facilitate health education, further reduce the prehospital delay in China and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Thoracic Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Yong Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji-Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nursing, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming-Dong Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Thoracic Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Xian Wang
- Thoracic Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Bo Xu
- Thoracic Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Thoracic Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
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Visualizing the Knowledge Domain in Health Education: A Scientometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116440. [PMID: 35682025 PMCID: PMC9180308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to visualize the evidence in the global research on health education to better improve the nation’s health literacy and to guide future research. Method: We searched the Web of Science (Core Collection) electronic databases. The search strategies: topic: (“Health Education” OR “Education, Health” OR “Community Health Education” OR “Education, Community Health” OR “Health Education, Community”) AND document: (Article) AND language:(English). Articles of evidence from January 2011 to December 2021 with those words in the title or abstract or keywords will be included in this review. We used the Citespace 5.6.R5 (64-bit) to investigate and determine the thematic patterns, and emerging trends of the knowledge domain, and presented a narrative account of the findings. Result: We analyzed 10,273 eligible articles. It showed that BMC Public Health displays the most prolific journals. Author MARCO PAHOR is highlighted in health education. The University of Sydney has published the most studies about health education. The USA plays an important role in these studies. Specifically, the visualization shows several hotspots: disease prevalence surveys and a specific population of knowledge, attitude and practice surveys, health intervention, chronic and non-communicable management, youth-health action, sexual and reproductive health, and physical activity promotion. Furthermore, document co-citation analysis indicated that there are 10 main clusters, which means the research front in health education. Meanwhile, by the citation detected, COVID-19, has achieved universal health coverage in related studies, however, public health education and the health workforce might be more popular in the coming years. Conclusion: Health education is an effective measure to shift the concept of public health and improve healthy living standards. The present study facilitates an extensive understanding of the basic knowledge and research frontiers that are pivotal for the developmental process of health education and allows scholars to visualize the identification modes and tendencies.
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Du B, Mu Y. The Relationship Between Health Changes and Community Health Screening Participation Among Older People. Front Public Health 2022; 10:870157. [PMID: 35570968 PMCID: PMC9091503 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.870157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of health screening and other community health services has been a hot topic in China. Thus, this study examined the effect of health changes (self-rated health, physical health, and mental health) on older people's community health screening participation in China. We derived the data from the 2016 and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS). This paper included 10,992 observations in two waves. We tested the causal relationship using the fixed effects model. Approximately 29.56% of the respondents participated in a health screening. Notably, after controlling for covariates, changes in mental and physical health both significantly influenced seniors' participation in health screenings (self-rated health: β = 0.188, 95% CI [−0.037, −0.413]; physical health: β = 0.078, 95% CI [0.032, −0.124]; mental health: β = 0.034, 95% CI [−0.057, −0.002]). The findings showed age, educational level, income level, and family support to be significant factors associated with community health screening participation. Additionally, we identified a partial mediating effect of mental health between self-rated health and health screening participation and a partial mediating effect of depression between physical health and health screening participation. The results highlight the important role of health changes in influencing participation and promoting health screening in China. On this basis, healthcare providers in the community may consider health changes as a screening criterion to promote health screening, guiding other health promotion and prevention programs while promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benfeng Du
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Platform of Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control for Health Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexuan Mu
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Pallangyo P, Komba M, Mkojera ZS, Mayala HA, Bhalia SV, Millinga J, Wibonela S, Swai G, Minja DA, Janabi M. Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Among Caregivers of Patients Attending a Tertiary Cardiovascular Hospital in Tanzania. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:4685-4696. [PMID: 35548586 PMCID: PMC9084384 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s364392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Notwithstanding the ever-present burden of infectious diseases, the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region has experienced a 67% rise in the non-communicable disease (NCD) burden in less than three decades. Furthermore, regardless of the increased recognition of NCDs threat in the region, reliable local estimates and associated drivers are generally lacking. We therefore conducted this cross-sectional study to establish the pattern and correlates of the modifiable NCD risk factors among caregivers of patients attending a tertiary cardiovascular centre in Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We used a structured questionnaire bearing a modified WHO STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) tool to explore the modifiable behavioral and modifiable biological NCD risk factors. Results A total of 1063 caregivers were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 40.5 years, and 55.7% were female. Nearly 80% of participants had a good knowledge regarding NCDs and 85.4% had a positive family history of NCDs. Overall, 1027 (96.6%) participants had at least one modifiable NCD risk factor while 510 (48.0%) had three or more (i.e., clustering). With respect to modifiable behavioral NCD risk factors, 34 (3.2%) were tobacco users, 56 (5.3%) had harmful alcohol consumption, 691 (65%) had unhealthy eating behavior, and 820 (77.1%) were physically inactive. Pertaining to modifiable biological NCD risk factors, 710 (66.8%) had excess body weight, 420 (39.5%) had hypertension and 62 (5.8%) were diabetic. Conclusion A vast majority of caregivers of NCD patients in this tertiary setting were found to have modifiable NCD risk factors with a strong tendency of clustering. These findings call for intensification of both population strategies and targeted group interventions for better control of the NCD threat and its correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pallangyo
- Department of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Correspondence: Pedro Pallangyo, Email
| | - Makrina Komba
- Department of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Zabella S Mkojera
- Department of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Henry A Mayala
- Department of Clinical Support Services, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Smita V Bhalia
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jalack Millinga
- Department of Nursing, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Salma Wibonela
- Department of Nursing, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gudila Swai
- Department of Nursing, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Dickson A Minja
- Department of Clinical Support Services, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mohamed Janabi
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Level of cardiovascular disease knowledge, risk perception and intention towards healthy lifestyle and socioeconomic disparities among adults in vulnerable communities of Belgium and England. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:197. [PMID: 35093056 PMCID: PMC8800212 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) greatly varies between and within countries. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and vulnerable communities of high-income countries (HIC) share disproportionately higher burden. Evidence is limited on the level of CVD knowledge and risk perception in vulnerable communities. Hence, in this study, we assessed the level of CVD knowledge, risk perception and change intention towards physical activity and healthy diet among vulnerable communities in Antwerp, Belgium and Nottingham, England. Furthermore, we investigated the socioeconomic disparities particularly in the Antwerp setting. Method A cross-sectional study was performed among 1,424 adults (958 in Antwerp and 466 in Nottingham) aged 18 or older among selected vulnerable communities. Districts or counties were selected based on socioeconomic and multiple deprivation index. A stratified random sampling was used in Antwerp, and purposive sampling in Nottingham. We determined the level of CVD knowledge, risk perception and intention towards a healthy lifestyle in Antwerp and Nottingham using a percentage score out of 100. To identify independent socioeconomic determinants in CVD knowledge, risk perception, intention to PA and healthy diet, we performed multilevel multivariable modeling using the Antwerp dataset. Results The mean knowledge percent score was 75.4 in Antwerp and 69.4 in Nottingham, and only 36.5% and 21.1% of participants respectively, had good CVD knowledge (scored 80% or above). In the multivariable analysis using the Antwerp dataset, level of education was significantly associated with (1) CVD knowledge score (Adjusted β = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.18), (2) risk perception (0.23, 95%CI: 0.04, 0.41), (3) intention to physical activity (PA) (0.51, 95%CI: 0.35, 0.66), and (4) healthy diet intention (0.54, 95%CI: 0.32, 0.75). Furthermore, those individuals with a higher household income had a better healthy diet intention (0.44, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.65). In contrast, those who were of non-European origin scored lower on intention to have a healthy diet (-1.34, 95%CI:-2.07, -0.62) as compared to their European counterparts. On average, intention to PA was significantly higher among males (-0.43, 95%CI:-0.82, -0.03), whereas females scored better on healthy diet intention (2.02, 95%CI: 1.46, 2.57). Conclusions Knowledge towards CVD risks and prevention is low in vulnerable communities. Males have a higher intention towards PA while females towards a healthy diet and it also greatly varies across level of education. Moreover, those born outside Europe and with low household income have lower healthy diet intention than their respective counterparts. Hence, CVD preventive interventions should be participatory and based on a better understanding of the individuals’ socioeconomic status and cultural beliefs through active individual and community engagement. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12608-z.
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Agarwal A, Fazeel RH, Rahman HESA, Alenezi AMK, Alshammari DAS, Alenzi MHE, Albalawi TA, Alenezi YMK, Alenazi RHE. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Risk Factors among Adult Population Attending Fitness Center/Gymnasium in Arar. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/sbqqcztmzv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Workina A, Habtamu A, Diribsa T, Abebe F. Knowledge of modifiable cardiovascular diseases risk factors and its primary prevention practices among diabetic patients at Jimma University Medical Centre: A cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000575. [PMID: 36962379 PMCID: PMC10022065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity globally. This is due to the increasing prevalence of modifiable CVDs risk factors. Hence, the study was aimed to identify knowledge and unhealthy behaviors that contribute to CVD among diabetes mellitus patients. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed among diabetes mellitus patients. A close-ended questionnaire developed from up-to-date similar literature was pretested and face-to-face interview techniques were used to collect data. Checked data were entered into the Epidata 4.1 versions. Then, descriptive and bivariate logistic regression was done using SPSS 25 versions. Of the study participants included in the study, 318, more than half of them, 167(52.5%), were aged ≥45 years and 187(58.8%) of them were females. Among the study participants, more than half, 198(62.3%), had good Knowledge of modifiable CVDs risk factors. Most of the study participants identified consuming foods rich in fats instead of vegetables and fruits 198(62.3%), followed by physical inactivity 196(61.6%) as a risk factor for CVD. Regarding CVDs prevention practice, 175(55.0%) of the patients had a good practice. More than three-fourths, 267(84.0%), practice avoiding foods rich in fats and, sugar, and cigarette smoking 250(78.6%). Predictors like educational status, college and above (AOR 2.68; 95% CI 1.14-6.27), and urban residence area (AOR 1.94; 95% CI 1.09-3.15) were associated with knowledge of CVDs risk factors. While sex, marital status monthly income, and age of the participants had no association with knowledge and prevention practice of modifiable CVDs risk factors. The study participants' knowledge and prevention practice of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors was satisfactory, even though continuous awareness creation is required to lower CVD mortality and morbidity burdens. Educational status and residence are of the study participants affect the knowledge and prevention practice modifiable of cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdata Workina
- School of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tujuba Diribsa
- School of Midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Fikadu Abebe
- School of Midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Zein MM, Mahmoud AT, El Hawary AS, Hegazy N. Cardiovascular Diseases Healthy Diet Related Knowledge among a Sample of the General Population in Egypt. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the extent of Egyptians’ awareness regarding the relationship between nutrition and cardiovascular health.
AIM: This study seeks to evaluate people’s awareness through an online cross-sectional survey to determine the knowledge gaps.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey using a convenience sampling technique. The participation required being an adult Egyptian (≥18 years old). A pre-tested electronic-questionnaire included three sections: Socio-demographic data, a self-reported history of chronic and cardiac diseases, and 15 questions addressing dietary risk factors and protective factors. Six hundred and thirty-two participants completed the questionnaire.
RESULTS: The mean age was 28 ± 8 years. More than 80% of the participants were males. Of 632 participants, 233 had poor awareness. The median knowledge percent score was 62 with interquartile range (52, 71). About 85.4% of the participants were ready to change their eating habits and follow a healthy diet to maintain their health. The participants were interested in knowing more about healthy food and how to prepare healthy balanced meals (71.7% and 62.2%, respectively). Females, university-educated, employed, and Upper Egypt residents demonstrated deep awareness (p-value = 0.02, 0.011, 0.05, and 0.012, respectively). Intriguingly, friends and social media were the primary sources of nutritional knowledge.
CONCLUSION: The participants’ knowledge is poor regarding the relation between nutrition and cardiovascular health. This study emphasizes the urgent need to raise public awareness as a precaution against cardiovascular diseases.
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Sanuade OA, Kushitor MK, Awuah RB, Asante PY, Agyemang C, de-Graft Aikins A. Lay knowledge of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in three communities in Accra, Ghana: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049451. [PMID: 34907046 PMCID: PMC8671941 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Ghana, and urban poor communities are disproportionately affected. Research has shown that knowledge of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the first step to risk reduction. This study examines knowledge of CVD and risk factors and determinants of CVD knowledge in three urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana. METHODS Using the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level Scale, which has been validated in Ghana, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with 775 respondents aged 15-59 years. CVD knowledge was computed as a continuous variable based on correct answers to 27 questions, and each correct response was assigned one point. Linear regression was used to determine the factors associated with CVD knowledge. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 30.3±10.8 years and the mean knowledge score was 19.3±4.8. About one-fifth of participants were living with chronic diseases. Overall, 71.1% had good CVD knowledge, and 28.9% had moderate or poor CVD knowledge. CVD knowledge was low in the symptoms and risk factor domains. A larger proportion received CVD knowledge from radio and television. The determinants of CVD knowledge included ethnicity, alcohol consumption, self-reported health and sources of CVD knowledge. CVD knowledge was highest among a minority Akan ethnic group, those who were current alcohol consumers and those who rated their health as very good/excellent, compared with their respective counterparts. CVD knowledge was significantly lower among those who received information from health workers and multiple sources. CONCLUSION This study underscores the need for health education programmes to promote practical knowledge on CVD symptoms, risks and treatment. We outline health systems and community-level barriers to good CVD knowledge and discuss the implications for developing context-specific and culturally congruent CVD primary prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles Agyemang
- Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ptaszynski M, Zasko-Zielinska M, Marcinczuk M, Leliwa G, Fortuna M, Soliwoda K, Dziublewska I, Hubert O, Skrzek P, Piesiewicz J, Karbowska P, Dowgiallo M, Eronen J, Tempska P, Brochocki M, Godny M, Wroczynski M. Looking for Razors and Needles in a Haystack: Multifaceted Analysis of Suicidal Declarations on Social Media-A Pragmalinguistic Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11759. [PMID: 34831513 PMCID: PMC8624334 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we study language used by suicidal users on Reddit social media platform. To do that, we firstly collect a large-scale dataset of Reddit posts and annotate it with highly trained and expert annotators under a rigorous annotation scheme. Next, we perform a multifaceted analysis of the dataset, including: (1) the analysis of user activity before and after posting a suicidal message, and (2) a pragmalinguistic study on the vocabulary used by suicidal users. In the second part of the analysis, we apply LIWC, a dictionary-based toolset widely used in psychology and linguistic research, which provides a wide range of linguistic category annotations on text. However, since raw LIWC scores are not sufficiently reliable, or informative, we propose a procedure to decrease the possibility of unreliable and misleading LIWC scores leading to misleading conclusions by analyzing not each category separately, but in pairs with other categories. The analysis of the results supported the validity of the proposed approach by revealing a number of valuable information on the vocabulary used by suicidal users and helped to pin-point false predictors. For example, we were able to specify that death-related words, typically associated with suicidal posts in the majority of the literature, become false predictors, when they co-occur with apostrophes, even in high-risk subreddits. On the other hand, the category-pair based disambiguation helped to specify that death becomes a predictor only when co-occurring with future-focused language, informal language, discrepancy, or 1st person pronouns. The promising applicability of the approach was additionally analyzed for its limitations, where we found out that although LIWC is a useful and easily applicable tool, the lack of any contextual processing makes it unsuitable for application in psychological and linguistic studies. We conclude that disadvantages of LIWC can be easily overcome by creating a number of high-performance AI-based classifiers trained for annotation of similar categories as LIWC, which we plan to pursue in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ptaszynski
- Department of Computer Science, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami 090-8507, Japan;
| | - Monika Zasko-Zielinska
- Department of Contemporary Polish Language, Faculty of Philology, University of Wrocław, 50-140 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Michal Marcinczuk
- Samurai Labs, 81-824 Sopot, Poland; (M.M.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (I.D.); (O.H.); (P.S.); (J.P.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (P.T.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (M.W.)
- Department of Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Management, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Gniewosz Leliwa
- Samurai Labs, 81-824 Sopot, Poland; (M.M.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (I.D.); (O.H.); (P.S.); (J.P.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (P.T.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Marcin Fortuna
- Samurai Labs, 81-824 Sopot, Poland; (M.M.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (I.D.); (O.H.); (P.S.); (J.P.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (P.T.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (M.W.)
- Institute of English and American Studies, Glottodidactics and Natural Language Processing Division, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kamil Soliwoda
- Samurai Labs, 81-824 Sopot, Poland; (M.M.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (I.D.); (O.H.); (P.S.); (J.P.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (P.T.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Ida Dziublewska
- Samurai Labs, 81-824 Sopot, Poland; (M.M.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (I.D.); (O.H.); (P.S.); (J.P.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (P.T.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Olimpia Hubert
- Samurai Labs, 81-824 Sopot, Poland; (M.M.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (I.D.); (O.H.); (P.S.); (J.P.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (P.T.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Pawel Skrzek
- Samurai Labs, 81-824 Sopot, Poland; (M.M.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (I.D.); (O.H.); (P.S.); (J.P.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (P.T.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Jan Piesiewicz
- Samurai Labs, 81-824 Sopot, Poland; (M.M.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (I.D.); (O.H.); (P.S.); (J.P.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (P.T.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Paula Karbowska
- Samurai Labs, 81-824 Sopot, Poland; (M.M.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (I.D.); (O.H.); (P.S.); (J.P.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (P.T.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Maria Dowgiallo
- Samurai Labs, 81-824 Sopot, Poland; (M.M.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (I.D.); (O.H.); (P.S.); (J.P.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (P.T.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (M.W.)
- Institute of Clinical Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Juuso Eronen
- Department of Computer Science, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami 090-8507, Japan;
| | - Patrycja Tempska
- Samurai Labs, 81-824 Sopot, Poland; (M.M.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (I.D.); (O.H.); (P.S.); (J.P.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (P.T.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Maciej Brochocki
- Samurai Labs, 81-824 Sopot, Poland; (M.M.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (I.D.); (O.H.); (P.S.); (J.P.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (P.T.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Marek Godny
- Samurai Labs, 81-824 Sopot, Poland; (M.M.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (I.D.); (O.H.); (P.S.); (J.P.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (P.T.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Michal Wroczynski
- Samurai Labs, 81-824 Sopot, Poland; (M.M.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (I.D.); (O.H.); (P.S.); (J.P.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (P.T.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (M.W.)
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Nguyen CM, Santoso CMA, Vu DTH, Szőllősi G, Bata R, Zsuga J, Nagy AC. Awareness Related to Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910209. [PMID: 34639507 PMCID: PMC8507753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension, is increasing rapidly in developing countries. This study aims to assess the awareness of CMD among a selected population in Vietnam. Method: a cross-sectional random sample of 402 Vietnamese citizens in two districts (Thu Duc and 12th district) in Ho Chi Minh City were interviewed. Data on knowledge, attitude, and preventive behavior (KAB) of the two conditions were collected through an interview-based questionnaire. Results: the mean (± SD) age was 47.75 (± 15.61) years, and around 60.2% were female. Multiple logistic regression was performed to explore the association of sociodemographic factors, disease status, and awareness of the CMD. Females showed better awareness than males (OR = 3.89 (1.28–11.78)), and those with T2DM and hypertension had a significantly better awareness (OR = 8.33 (2.44–28.37)) than those without CMD. Conclusion: the awareness of CMD in our sample was poor. An extensive effort to increase awareness of CMD prevention is needed. Future studies and interventions can be developed more efficiently by targeting the right population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Minh Nguyen
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.M.N.); (C.M.A.S.); (G.S.); (R.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Cornelia Melinda Adi Santoso
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.M.N.); (C.M.A.S.); (G.S.); (R.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Duyen Thi Huong Vu
- Training and Direction of Healthcare Activities Center, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 72713, Vietnam;
| | - Gergő Szőllősi
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.M.N.); (C.M.A.S.); (G.S.); (R.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Róbert Bata
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.M.N.); (C.M.A.S.); (G.S.); (R.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Judit Zsuga
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.M.N.); (C.M.A.S.); (G.S.); (R.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Attila Csaba Nagy
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.M.N.); (C.M.A.S.); (G.S.); (R.B.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Bulto LN, Magarey J, Rasmussen P, Hendriks JML. Awareness of heart disease and associated health behaviours in a developing country: a qualitative study. Nurs Open 2021; 9:2627-2636. [PMID: 34117843 PMCID: PMC9584483 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore awareness of heart disease and associated health behaviours. DESIGN A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews. METHODS The study participants were patients with hypertension. Data analysis was guided by Braun and Clarke's steps of thematic analysis and using NVivo12 software. RESULTS A total of 18 patients with hypertension were interviewed. The patients had poor understanding of heart disease and were not concerned about developing heart disease in the future. Barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption were poor access, cost and sociocultural factors, whereas being busy, poor physical health and lack of access to an exercise facility were barriers to physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemma N Bulto
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.,Adelaide Nursing School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Judy Magarey
- Adelaide Nursing School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Philippa Rasmussen
- Adelaide Nursing School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jeroen M L Hendriks
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, and Department of Cardiology Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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26
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Blood Pressure Awareness and Knowledge of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in South Korean Women with Hypertension. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9030360. [PMID: 33806720 PMCID: PMC8004585 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: It is essential to increase the awareness of cardiovascular diseases’ symptoms and reduce treatment delays among women with hypertension (HTN). This study aimed to assess the knowledge of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases’ warning signs (KCVDs), according to awareness of their blood pressure levels (AoBP), and identify the factors associated with KCVDs and AoBP in women with HTN. (2) Methods: This study used the data from the Korea Community Health Survey of 2018. A total of 29,832 women with HTN were included in the final analysis. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, KCVDs, and AoBP were identified. A negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with KCVDs. (3) Results: Of the participants, 42.9% were not aware of their blood pressure level, and 9.1% did not have any knowledge of KCVD symptoms. Factors associated with KCVDs were AoBP (odds ratio (OR) = 1.121, p < 0.001), middle age (OR = 1.012, p = 0.008), employment (OR = 1.034, p < 0.017), and being married and living with a spouse (OR = 1.068, p < 0.001). Lower levels of education (OR = 0.931, p < 0.001) and regular walking (OR = 0.964, p = 0.015) were also associated with KCVDs. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and subjective health status were associated with increased AoBP. (4) Conclusions: AoBP was positively associated with KCVDs. It is necessary to include AoBP in public campaigns and regular policy support to improve KCVDs. In addition, findings in this study can serve as basic data for developing socio-cultural interventions, aimed at mitigating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, by improving levels of KCVDs.
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Low Awareness of Cardiovascular Risk Factor Among Patients Admitted in Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 28:321-324. [PMID: 33710600 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are still the leading cause of death and disability worldwide despite the availability of well-established and effective preventive strategies. AIM We aim to assess patients awareness of the main modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in a population with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) admitted in cardiac rehabilitation unit. METHODS 50 patients with recent ACS have been recruited. We used a 9-items questionnaire about awareness of CV risk factors and eating habits. RESULTS Many patients underestimate the role of physical activity (PA), cigarette smoking and diabetes as main CV risk factors. Although the importance of good eating habits as cardiovascular protector is well known, only few participants declare a healthy balanced diet. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed low awareness of common CV risk factors among patients with recent ACS. Individual training plans and the use of technological development to improve awareness and adherence are needed especially in high risk population.
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Alruways AFH, Alotaibi NA, Rashikh MA, Alnufeie AA, Alshammari YJD, Alharthy MR, Alanazi FJM. Awareness and prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors among Saudi adults in Dawadmi, Riyadh province: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 9:5629-5637. [PMID: 33532406 PMCID: PMC7842469 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_934_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Amongst the Middle East countries, Saudi Arabia is facing rapid progressive urbanization by the adoption of a westernized lifestyle and food habits, which contribute to the rising burden of CAD. We aim to evaluate the awareness and prevalence of CAD risk factors among Saudi adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January and March 2020. Data were collected through an online survey using a self-administered questionnaire. Data assessed on socio-demographic variables, family history of CAD, knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, and complications of CAD. Results data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics, version 25. All comparisons were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 311 subjects (48.6% men and 51.4% women) included, and most of the participants were between 18 and 25 years. A majority of the participants did not hear about CAD (82%) and unaware of any risk factors (26.4%), symptoms (25.1%), and complications (72.7%) of CAD. The prevalence of a family history of CAD (9.3%), overweight/obesity (58.6%), physical inactivity (79.1%), and smoking (24.1%) observed considerably high among the participants. Conclusion: The present study reveals that a significantly low level of awareness and a high prevalence of CAD risk factors found among Saudi adults. Therefore, the awareness program is needed at the public level to increase the knowledge of CAD risk factors so that persons with high risk for future CAD can be prevented.
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Shah B, Krishnan N, Kodish SR, Yenokyan G, Fatema K, Burhan Uddin K, Rahman AKMF, Razzak J. Applying the Three Delays Model to understand emergency care seeking and delivery in rural Bangladesh: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e042690. [PMID: 33361169 PMCID: PMC7759951 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Three Delays Model has been commonly used to understand and prevent maternal mortality but has not been systematically applied to emergency medical conditions more generally. The objective of this study was to identify delays in emergency medical care seeking and delivery in rural Bangladesh and factors contributing to these delays by using the Three Delays Model as a framework. DESIGN A qualitative approach was used. Data were collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews using semistructured guides. Two analysts jointly developed a codebook iteratively and conducted a thematic analysis to triangulate results. SETTING Six unions in Raiganj subdistrict of Bangladesh. PARTICIPANTS Eight focus group discussions with community members (n=59) and eight in-depth interviews with healthcare providers. RESULTS Delays in the decision to seek care and timely receipt of care on reaching a health facility were most prominent. The main factors influencing care-seeking decisions included ability to recognise symptoms and decision-making power. Staff and resource shortages and lack of training contributed to delays in receiving care. Delay in reaching care was not perceived as a salient barrier. Both community members and healthcare providers expressed interest in receiving training to improve management of emergency conditions. CONCLUSIONS The Three Delays Model is a practical framework that can be useful for understanding barriers to emergency care and developing more tailored interventions. In rural Bangladesh, training community members and healthcare providers to recognise symptoms and manage acute conditions can reduce delays in care seeking and receiving adequate care at health facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bansari Shah
- Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nandita Krishnan
- Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen R Kodish
- Nutritional Sciences and Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaniz Fatema
- Center for Injury Prevention and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Junaid Razzak
- Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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30
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Ignatowicz A, Odland ML, Bockarie T, Wurie H, Ansumana R, Kelly AH, Willott C, Witham M, Davies J. Knowledge and understanding of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Sierra Leone: a qualitative study of patients' and community leaders' perceptions. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038523. [PMID: 33323429 PMCID: PMC7745312 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRF) is increasing, especially in low-income countries. In Sierra Leone, there are no previous studies on the knowledge and the awareness of these conditions in the community. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and understanding of CVDRF, as well as the perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to accessing care for these conditions, among patients and community leaders in Sierra Leone. DESIGN Qualitative study employing semistructured interviews and focus group discussions. SETTING Urban and rural Bo District, Sierra Leone. PARTICIPANTS Interviews with a purposive sample of 37 patients and two focus groups with six to nine community leaders. RESULTS While participants possessed general knowledge of their conditions, the level and complexity of this knowledge varied widely. There were clear gaps in knowledge regarding the coexistence of CVDRF and their consequences, as well as the link between behavioural factors and CVDRF. An overarching theme from the data was the need to create an understanding and awareness of CVDRF in the community in order to prevent and improve management of these conditions. Cost was also seen as a major barrier to accessing care for CVDRFs. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge gaps identified in this study highlight the need to design strategies and interventions that improve knowledge and recognition of CVDRF in the community. Interventions should specifically consider how to develop and enhance awareness about CVDRF and their consequences. They should also consider how patients seek help and where they access it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ignatowicz
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Maria Lisa Odland
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Tahir Bockarie
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Haja Wurie
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Western Area, Sierra Leone
| | - Rashid Ansumana
- Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory, Bo, Sierra Leone
- School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Bo, Sierra Leone
| | - Ann H Kelly
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Willott
- King's Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Miles Witham
- Age Research Group, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Justine Davies
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- King's Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, King's College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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31
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Muhihi AJ, Anaeli A, Mpembeni RNM, Sunguya BF, Leyna G, Kakoko D, Kessy AT, Sando MM, Njelekela M, Urassa DP. Public knowledge of risk factors and warning signs for cardiovascular disease among young and middle-aged adults in rural Tanzania. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1832. [PMID: 33256688 PMCID: PMC7708242 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Improving cardiovascular health requires public knowledge and reduction of modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This study assessed knowledge of risk factors and warning signs for CVDs among young and middle-aged adults in Morogoro, Tanzania. Methods We conducted a community-based survey as part of cluster randomized controlled study of community health workers (CHWs) intervention for reduction of blood pressure among young and middle-aged adults in rural Morogoro. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of risk factors and warning signs for CVDs was collected using an interviewer administered questionaire. Knowledge was assessed using open-ended questions followed by closed-ended questions. Descriptive statistics were used to describe knowledge of risk factors and warning signs. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with adequate knowledge of risk factors and warning signs for CVDs. Results Two-thirds (65.7%) of the participants had heard about CVDs. The main sources of information were mainly relatives/ neighbors (64.8%) and radio (53.0%). Only 28.3% of the participants reported health care providers as source of information about CVDs. More than half of the participants (52.4%) did not mention even one risk factor spontaneously while 55.2% were unable to mention any warning sign. When asked to select from a list, 6.9% were unable to correctly identify any risk factor whereas 11.8% could not correctly identify even a single warning sign. Quarter of participants (25.4%) had good knowledge score of risk factors, 17.5% had good knowledge score of warning signs and 16.3% had overall good knowledge of both risk factors and warning signs. Residing in Ulanga, having higher education level, having ever checked blood pressure and being overweight/obese predicted adequacy of knowledge score for both risk factors and warning signs. Conclusion Knowledge of risk factors and warning signs in this rural population of young and middle-aged adults was generally low. Health care providers were less likely to provide health education regarding risk factors and warning signs for CVDs. Health promotion interventions to increase population knowledge of risk factors and warning signs should be implemented for successful reduction of CVDs in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfa J Muhihi
- Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, P. O. Box 65001, Upanga, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. .,Africa Academy for Public Health, Plot # 802, Mwai Kibaki Road, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. .,Lown Scholars Program, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Amani Anaeli
- Department of Development Studies, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, Upanga, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Rose N M Mpembeni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, Upanga, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bruno F Sunguya
- Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, P. O. Box 65001, Upanga, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Germana Leyna
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, Upanga, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Deodatus Kakoko
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, Upanga, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Anna Tengia Kessy
- Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, P. O. Box 65001, Upanga, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mary Mwanyika Sando
- Africa Academy for Public Health, Plot # 802, Mwai Kibaki Road, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Marina Njelekela
- Department of Physiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, Upanga, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.,Deloitte Consulting Limited, Aris House, Plot # 152, Haile Selassie Road, Oysterbay, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - David P Urassa
- Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, P. O. Box 65001, Upanga, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Aminde LN, Cobiac L, Veerman JL. Cost-effectiveness analysis of population salt reduction interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in Cameroon: mathematical modelling study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041346. [PMID: 33234652 PMCID: PMC7689085 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing dietary sodium (salt) intake has been proposed as a population-wide strategy to reduce blood pressure and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The cost-effectiveness of such strategies has hitherto not been investigated in Cameroon. METHODS A multicohort multistate life table Markov model was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of three population salt reduction strategies: mass media campaign, school-based salt education programme and low-sodium salt substitute. A healthcare system perspective was considered and adults alive in 2016 were simulated over the life course. Outcomes were changes in disease incidence, mortality, health-adjusted life years (HALYs), healthcare costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) over the lifetime. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was used to quantify uncertainty. RESULTS Over the life span of the cohort of adults alive in Cameroon in 2016, substantial numbers of new CVD events could be prevented, with over 10 000, 79 000 and 84 000 CVD deaths that could be averted from mass media, school education programme and salt substitute interventions, respectively. Population health gains over the lifetime were 46 700 HALYs, 348 800 HALYs and 368 400 HALYs for the mass media, school education programme and salt substitute interventions, respectively. ICERs showed that all interventions were dominant, with probabilities of being cost-saving of 84% for the school education programme, 89% for the mass media campaign and 99% for the low sodium salt substitute. Results were largely robust in sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION All the salt reduction strategies evaluated were highly cost-effective with very high probabilities of being cost-saving. Salt reduction in Cameroon has the potential to save many lives and offers good value for money.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Cobiac
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - J Lennert Veerman
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Mohammed OAA, Ahmed FAAO, Koko AEA, Khalifa SEO, Abdelaziz HAM, Mohamed MEA, Harrington F, Abdelaziz SI, Abdalrahman IB. Awareness about stroke among high and low risk individuals in Khartoum, Sudan: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:318. [PMID: 33193972 PMCID: PMC7603826 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.318.23107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction stroke causes 10.17% of all deaths in Sudan. Levels of stroke awareness amongst patients in Sudan are unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the level of awareness of stroke risk factors, symptoms and immediate management amongst high and low risk patients. Methods using descriptive cross-sectional study, participants of high and low risk groups were recruited from the referral clinics of three tertiary hospitals in Khartoum. Data was collected through interviews using structured questionnaire. Knowledge score was devised to assess the awareness about stroke symptoms, risk factors, and management. Results of the 286 participants, 150 were females. The mean age was 44.66 years. About 79.4% reported that stroke is preventable. Hypertension was the most identified risk factor (71.6%) while genetics (0.2%) and alcohol (0.2%) were the least identified risk factors. Twenty-seven percent (27.6%) did not know any stroke risk factors, while 32.9% did not know any warning symptoms. Paralysis of one side of the body was the most identified warning symptom (30.7%). The mean awareness score was 21.9 ± 3.4 among the high risk group vs. 22.1 ± 3.6 among the low risk group with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = .717). The mean awareness score was statistically associated with the level of education (p < 0.001). Conclusion the awareness level was relatively low and not statistically different between high and low risk groups. We recommend the development of an effective educational program for the whole community.
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Pallangyo P, Misidai N, Komba M, Mkojera Z, Swai HJ, Hemed NR, Mayala H, Bhalia S, Millinga J, Mollel UW, Kusima HL, Chavala E, Joram Z, Abdallah H, Hamisi R, Janabi M. Knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors among caretakers of outpatients attending a tertiary cardiovascular center in Tanzania: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:364. [PMID: 32778068 PMCID: PMC7418378 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health literacy on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) plays an effective role in preventing or delaying the disease onset as well as in impacting the efficacy of their management. In view of the projected low health literacy in Tanzania, we conducted this cross-sectional survey to assess for CVD risk knowledge and its associated factors among patient escorts. METHODS A total of 1063 caretakers were consecutively enrolled in this cross-sectional study. An adopted questionnaire consisting of 22 statements assessing various CVD risk behaviors was utilized for assessment of knowledge. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess for factors associated with poor knowledge of CVD risks. RESULTS The mean age was 40.5 years and women predominated (55.7%). Over two-thirds had a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, 18.5% were alcohol drinkers, 3.2% were current smokers, and 47% were physically inactive. The mean score was 78.2 and 80.0% had good knowledge of CVD risks. About 16.3% believed CVDs are diseases of affluence, 17.4% thought CVDs are not preventable, and 56.7% had a perception that CVDs are curable. Low education (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.9-3.7, p < 0.001), lack of health insurance (OR 1.5, 95%CI 1.1-2.3, p = 0.03), and negative family history of CVD death (OR 2.2, 95%CI 1.4-3.5, p < 0.001), were independently associated with poor CVD knowledge. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, despite of a good level of CVD knowledge established in this study, a disparity between individual's knowledge and self-care practices is apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pallangyo
- Unit of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Nsajigwa Misidai
- Unit of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Makrina Komba
- Unit of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Zabella Mkojera
- Unit of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Happiness J. Swai
- Unit of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Naairah R. Hemed
- Unit of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Henry Mayala
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Smita Bhalia
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jalack Millinga
- Department of Nursing, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Upendo W. Mollel
- Outpatient Department, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Happiness L. Kusima
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ester Chavala
- Department of Nursing, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Outpatient Department, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ziada Joram
- Department of Nursing, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Outpatient Department, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Halifa Abdallah
- Outpatient Department, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Rajabu Hamisi
- Quality Assurance Unit, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mohamed Janabi
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P. O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Cardiovascular disease prevention knowledge and associated factors among adults in Mukono and Buikwe districts in Uganda. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1151. [PMID: 32698818 PMCID: PMC7374818 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the growing epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in sub-Saharan Africa, behavioural change interventions are critical in supporting populations to achieve better cardiovascular health. Population knowledge regarding CVD is an important first step for any such interventions. This study examined CVD prevention knowledge and associated factors among adults in Mukono and Buikwe districts in Uganda. Methods The study was cross-sectional in design conducted among adults aged 25 to 70 years as part of the baseline assessment by the Scaling-up Packages of Interventions for Cardiovascular disease prevention in selected sites in Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa (SPICES) – project. Data were collected using pretested semi-structured questionnaires, and respondents categorized as knowledgeable if they scored at least five out of six in the knowledge questions. Data were exported into STATA version 15.0 statistical software for analysis conducted using mixed-effects Poisson regression with fixed and random effects and robust standard errors. Results Among the 4372 study respondents, only 776 (17.7%) were knowledgeable on CVD prevention. Most respondents were knowledgeable about foods high in calories 2981 (68.2%), 2892 (66.1%) low fruit and vegetable intake and high salt consumption 2752 (62.9%) as CVD risk factors. However, majority 3325 (76.1%) thought the recommended weekly moderate physical activity was 30 min and half 2262 (51.7%) disagreed or did not know that it was possible to have hypertension without any symptoms. Factors associated with high CVD knowledge were: post-primary education [APR = 1.55 (95% CI: 1.18–2.02), p = 0.002], formal employment [APR = 1.69 (95% CI: 1.40–2.06), p < 0.001] and high socio-economic index [APR = 1.35 (95% CI: 1.09–1.67), p = 0.004]. Other factors were: household ownership of a mobile phone [APR = 1.35 (95% CI: 1.07–1.70), p = 0.012] and ever receiving advice on healthy lifestyles [APR = 1.38 (95% CI: 1.15–1.67), p = 0.001]. Conclusions This study found very low CVD knowledge with major gaps around recommended physical activity duration, diet and whether hypertension is asymptomatic. Observed knowledge gaps should inform suitable interventions and strategies to equip and empower communities with sufficient information for CVD prevention. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN15848572, January 2019, retrospectively registered.
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Koohi F, Khalili D. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults Attending Health Care Centers in Tehran, Iran. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2020; 18:e101612. [PMID: 33257905 PMCID: PMC7695352 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) can be valuable for public health to help in developing targeted educational programs and assessing the effectiveness of interventional programs. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to determine the level of current knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), CVD risk factors and symptoms in adults attending health care centers in Tehran province. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed using a self-administered questionnaire with score of 0 - 100 on adults aged > 20 years attending ten health care centers in Tehran province, Iran. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used in data analysis. RESULTS A total of 300 adults (51.3% females) with a mean age of 39.71 ± 12.1 years participated in this study. The median (IQR) score for knowledge about CVD was 91.7 (16.7); approximately 80% of respondents' awareness was highly satisfactory and hypertension was the commonest identified risk factor followed by obesity. Furthermore, the median (IQR) score for attitude was 89 (18); 70% of respondents had a highly satisfactory attitude about CVD. Regarding physical activity and nutrition/smoking behaviors, just 10.7% and 32% had highly satisfactory behavior, respectively. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, attending university education and age ≥ 40 years were independent factors of a better level of CVD knowledge; attending university education, and having a family history of chronic disease were independent factors of a better level of CVD attitude. Regarding a higher physical activity behavior, being a man, and for a better nutrition & smoking behavior, attending university education were the only independent factors. CONCLUSIONS Although more than half of the current study participants had high knowledge and attitude about CVD, their behaviors is not satisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to establish more effective educational interventions aimed at promoting positive health behaviors and explaining to the public that knowledge and action regarding the reduction of risk factors are linked to reduced CVD and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Koohi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Khalili
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Negesa LB, Magarey J, Rasmussen P, Hendriks JML. Patients' knowledge on cardiovascular risk factors and associated lifestyle behaviour in Ethiopia in 2018: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234198. [PMID: 32497079 PMCID: PMC7271995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is posing a major public health challenge globally. Evidence reports significant gaps in knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with CVD. Despite the growing burden of cardiovascular disease in developing countries, there is limited data available to improve the awareness of this area, which is crucial for the implementation of prevention programs. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two referral hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia from June-September 2018. Outpatients with a confirmed diagnosis cardiovascular conditions were eligible for participation in the study. A convenience sampling technique was used. The primary outcome of the study was knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with cardiovascular disease. The knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors was measured using a validated instrument (heart disease fact questionnaire). A score less than 70% was defined as suboptimal knowledge. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the relationship between knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and explanatory variables. RESULTS A total of 287 patients were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 47±11yrs and 56.4% of patients were females. More than half of patients (54%) had good knowledge on cardiovascular risk factors (scored>70%), whilst 46% demonstrated suboptimal knowledge levels in this area. Urban residency was associated with higher cardiovascular risk factors knowledge scores, whereas, never married and no formal education or lower education were identified as predictors of lower knowledge scores. There was no statistically significant association between knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and actual cumulative risk behaviour. CONCLUSION Almost half of CVD patients in Ethiopia have suboptimal knowledge regarding cardiovascular risk factors. Residence, education level and marital status were associated with knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors. Implementation of innovative interventions and structured, nurse-led lifestyle counselling would be required to effectively guide patients in developing lifestyle modification and achieve sustainable behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemma B Negesa
- Adelaide Nursing School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Judy Magarey
- Adelaide Nursing School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Philippa Rasmussen
- Adelaide Nursing School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jeroen M L Hendriks
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University and Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Park KS. Factors affecting awareness of myocardial infarction symptoms among the general public in Korea. Epidemiol Health 2020; 42:e2020032. [PMID: 32512667 PMCID: PMC7340619 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the level of awareness of myocardial infarction (MI) symptoms among the general public in Korea and identify factors affecting awareness of MI symptoms using data from the 2017 Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using KCHS data. Based on five questions about MI symptoms, participants were divided into an awareness group (replied ‘yes’ to all five questions) and an unawareness group (replied ‘no’ or ‘not sure’ to at least one of five questions) for analysis. RESULTS Of a total of 228,281 participants, 42.4% were aware of MI symptoms. There was a high level of awareness of chest pain and shortness of breath, but a low level of awareness of gastrointestinal symptoms and pain in the arm, shoulder, jaw, neck, and back. While women had a higher level of overall awareness relative to men, they showed a lower level of awareness regarding chest pain and discomfort. The factors affecting awareness of MI symptoms were gender, age, education level, occupation, smoking, drinking, physical inactivity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. CONCLUSIONS In order to enhance awareness of MI symptoms among the general population, appropriate education and promotion efforts must be implemented based on gender, age, education level, and occupation. Moreover, active efforts by the government, educational institutions, and medical institutions are necessary to improve awareness of both typical and atypical MI symptoms. Furthermore, health policies to promote reduced smoking and drinking and increased physical activity, as well as continuous monitoring and management of individuals with cardiovascular disease risk factors, are required.
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Pogosova NV, Yufereva YM, Yusubova AI, Ausheva AK, Starodubova AV, Allenov AM, Karpova AV, Eganyan RA, Vygodin VA. The effectiveness of preventive counseling with the use of remote technologies on medical awareness of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:31-40. [DOI: 10.18087/cardio.n472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpos. To assess the effectiveness of preventive counseling with focus on diet modification followed by remote support via telephone on awareness of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (RFs) in patients (pts) with high/very high CV risk. Material and methods. This is a prospective randomized controlled study of 100 pts with high/very high CV risk (5-9% and ≥10% according to the SCORE scale) and any 2 criteria for metabolic syndrome. Pts were randomized into 2 groups in 1:1 ratio - the intervention group (n=50) and the control group (n=50). The intervention group received comprehensive preventive counseling with focus on diet modification followed by remote preventive counseling by phone every two weeks for the first 3 months after enrollment (a total of 6 sessions). The control group received usual care in Health centers which also included basic preventive counseling. A specially designed questionnaire was used to evaluate the awareness of the basic CV RFs, including open questions. The awareness was assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Results. The groups were well balanced according to demographic and clinical features. The results of the study revealed an extremely low awareness of major CV RFs of pts in both groups at baseline: practically none of them indicated as RFs for cardiovascular disease elevated cholesterol (8,0% and 4,0%, respectively) and blood pressure (14.0% and 4.0%). At 6 month the level of awareness of CV RFs has increased significantly. Moreover, pts of the intervention group were more informed about elevated cholesterol (58,0% vs. 28,0%; p<0,01) and unhealthy diet (76,0% vs. 52,0%; p<0,05). At 12 month the level of awareness of CV RFs was significantly higher in both groups to compare from baseline. Conclusion. Preventive counseling with focus on diet modification followed by 3 months remote support via phone provided a significant improvement of awareness of CV RFs in pts with high/very high CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Pogosova
- FSBO National Medical research center of cardiology of the Ministry of healthcare of the Russian Federation
| | - Yu. M. Yufereva
- FSBO National Medical research center of cardiology of the Ministry of healthcare of the Russian Federation
| | - A. I. Yusubova
- Children’s Center for the diagnosis and treatment N. A. Semashko
| | - A. K. Ausheva
- FSBO National Medical research center of cardiology of the Ministry of healthcare of the Russian Federation
| | | | - A. M. Allenov
- Municipal Clinic #210 of the Moscow Health Care Department
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Nkoke C, Jingi AM, Makoge C, Teuwafeu D, Nkouonlack C, Dzudie A. Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases related admissions in a referral hospital in the South West region of Cameroon: A cross-sectional study in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226644. [PMID: 31856221 PMCID: PMC6922399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is experiencing an epidemic of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as a result of a rapid epidemiological transition. Little is known about the admission for CVD and outcome in rural and semi-urban settings in Cameroon in this era of epidemiological transition. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the pattern of CVD admissions in the South West region of Cameroon. METHODS This retrospective descriptive study included all adult patients admitted for CVD in the medical unit of the Buea Regional Hospital between Jan 2016 and December 2017. RESULTS Out of the 3140 patients admitted, 499(15.9%) had CVD. There were 304(60.9%) females. The mean age was 58.7±16.2 years. There was no age difference between men and women (59.7 years vs 58.1years, p = 0.29). The most commonly affected age group was those aged 50-59 years (22%). Heart failure (38.5%), stroke (33.3%) and uncontrolled hypertension (22.4%) were the most prevalent CVDs. The length of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 37 days with a median length of hospital stay of 7 days. In-hospital case fatality was 78(15.8%). Mortality was higher in women compared to men (9% vs 7%, p = 0.43). The case fatality for stroke was higher compared to case fatality for heart failure (21.7% vs 16.7%, p = 0.23). CONCLUSION CVDs are a common cause of hospital admission in this semi-urban setting, dominated by heart failure. Women were disproportionately affected and it was associated with high mortality. Prevention, early detection and management of risk factors for cardiovascular disease are imperative given the growing burden of CVD in SSA to reduce CVD morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Nkoke
- Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon
- Clinical Research Education, Networking and Consultancy, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Ahmadou Musa Jingi
- Clinical Research Education, Networking and Consultancy, Douala, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Christelle Makoge
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Denis Teuwafeu
- Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Anastase Dzudie
- Clinical Research Education, Networking and Consultancy, Douala, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
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Han CH, Kim H, Lee S, Chung JH. Knowledge and Poor Understanding Factors of Stroke and Heart Attack Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3665. [PMID: 31569534 PMCID: PMC6801587 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adequate awareness of cardiovascular disease (CVD) may help in its prevention and control. Therefore, we evaluated knowledge among the general population of stroke and heart attack symptoms and determined the factors associated with poor understanding of CVD. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 228,240 adults (102,408 males, 125,832 females) who participated in the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and cognizance of the warning signs of CVD events (stroke and heart attack) were examined. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with poor understanding of CVD. RESULTS The stroke and heart attack warning signs that were identified least often by respondents were "sudden poor vision in one or both eyes" (66.1%) and "pain or discomfort in the arm or shoulder" (53.8%). Of the subjects, 19.0% had low CVD knowledge scores (less than 4 out of 10) with males having lower scores than females. In the multivariate analysis, poor understanding of CVD warning signs was significantly associated with older age, male gender, lower education level, lack of regular exercise, unmarried status, unemployment, poor economic status, poor health behaviors (high salt diet, no health screening), poor psychological status (high stress, self-perceived poor health status), and the presence of hypertension or dyslipidemia. CONCLUSIONS Specialized interventions, including those based on public education, should focus on groups with less knowledge of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10444, Korea.
| | - Hyeyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea.
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Neurology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea.
| | - Jae Ho Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea.
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Güneş FE, Bekiroglu N, Imeryuz N, Agirbasli M. Awareness of cardiovascular risk factors among university students in Turkey. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2019; 20:e127. [PMID: 31477189 PMCID: PMC6728931 DOI: 10.1017/s146342361900063x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the awareness of cardiovascular risk factors among university students in Turkey. BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in developed countries. The use of tobacco products and unhealthy diet are prominent habits that increase the risk of CVD. METHODS Healthy university students (n = 2450) aged between 18 and 22 years in Istanbul filled out the questionnaire about the awareness of CVD risk factors and participated in this cross-sectional study. They were asked several questions with regard to the importance of CVD risk factors. FINDINGS The leading responses for men and women were, respectively, high cholesterol (58.3; 72.3%), stress (58.8; 71.8%), hypertension (50; 64.2%), smoking (53.1; 58.7%), obesity (46.8; 64.3%), diabetes (41.7; 52.7%), inactivity (43.3; 47.8%), and CVD in family history (31.8; 44.4%). Unhealthy diet (9.7; 15.3%), exposure to second-hand cigarette smoking (24.4; 34%), and poor socioeconomic status (22.6; 22.3%) were also considered to be important. The study also revealed that men disregard the risk factors more frequently. Another comparison between body mass index groups revealed that obese subjects gave significantly lower importance to cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION Observations indicate that awareness levels of CVD risk factors have to be improved among university students. It is emphasized that primary healthcare workers are very important in the screening of CVD risk factors in an opportunistic and systematic way and in providing consultancy on changing risky behaviors (diet, smoking, etc.). Therefore, it is of utmost importance that primary healthcare workers make interventions to reduce the risk level by determining the CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Esra Güneş
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nural Bekiroglu
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Neşe Imeryuz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Agirbasli
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Hertz JT, Sakita FM, Manavalan P, Mmbaga BT, Thielman NM, Staton CA. Knowledge, attitudes, and preventative practices regarding ischemic heart disease among emergency department patients in northern Tanzania. Public Health 2019; 175:60-67. [PMID: 31401252 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to increase understanding of knowledge, attitudes, and preventative practices regarding ischemic heart disease (IHD) in sub-Saharan Africa in order to develop patient-centered interventions to improve care and outcomes. STUDY DESIGN This is a prospective observational study. METHODS Adult patients presenting with chest pain or shortness of breath to an emergency department in northern Tanzania were enrolled. A questionnaire was adapted from existing knowledge attitude and practice surveys regarding cardiovascular disease and the WHO STEPS instrument. Individual five-year risk of cardiovascular event was determined by validated models based on age, sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, diabetes, and smoking status. An IHD knowledge score was calculated by giving one point for each correct response to the knowledge-related items, with a maximum score of 10. Associations between IHD knowledge and patient characteristics were assessed by Welch's t-test. RESULTS A total of 349 patients were enrolled, with median interquartile range (IQR) age 60 (45, 72) years. Of participants, 259 (74.2%) had hypertension, and 228 (65.3%) had greater than 10% five-year risk of cardiovascular event. The mean (SD) knowledge score was 4.8 (3.3). The majority of respondents (224, 64.2%) recognized obesity as a risk factor for heart attack, while a minority (34, 9.7%) knew that a daily aspirin could reduce the risk of cardiovascular event. Greater IHD knowledge was associated with younger age (P = 0.045) and higher levels of education (P < 0.001) but not higher risk of cardiovascular disease (P = 0.123). Most respondents expressed a willingness to diet to improve their health (322, 92.3%) and a preference for treatment from a physician rather than a traditional healer for a heart attack (321, 92.0%). A minority of patients reported exercising regularly (88, 25.2%) or seeing a doctor routinely for checkups (100, 28.7%). CONCLUSIONS High-risk emergency department patients in northern Tanzania have moderate knowledge regarding IHD but do not consistently engage in healthy preventive practices. Patient-centered interventions are needed to improve IHD knowledge and practices in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Hertz
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - F M Sakita
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - P Manavalan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - B T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Research Institute, Tumaini University, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - N M Thielman
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - C A Staton
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Hertz JT, Madut DB, Tesha RA, William G, Simmons RA, Galson SW, Sakita FM, Maro VP, Bloomfield GS, Crump JA, Rubach MP. Knowledge of myocardial infarction symptoms and perceptions of self-risk in Tanzania. Am Heart J 2019; 210:69-74. [PMID: 30743209 PMCID: PMC6453561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Little is known about community knowledge of myocardial infarction symptoms and perceptions of self-risk in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods A community survey was conducted in northern Tanzania, where the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is high. Households were selected randomly in a population-weighted fashion and surveys were administered to self-identified household healthcare decision-makers. Respondents were asked to list all symptoms of a heart attack and asked whether they thought they had a chance of suffering a heart attack. Associations between participant sociodemographic features and responses to these questions were assessed with Pearson's chi-squared and the Student t test. Results There were 718 survey participants, with median (IQR) age 48 (32, 62) years. Of these, 115 (16.0%) were able to identify any conventional symptom of a heart attack, including 24 (3.3%) respondents who cited chest pain as a possible symptom. There was no association between ability to identify a conventional symptom and gender, level of education, socioeconomic status, urban residence, or age. Of respondents, 198 (27.6%) thought they had a chance of suffering a heart attack. Older respondents were more likely to perceive themselves to be at risk (P < .001), but there was no association between perception of self-risk and gender, level of education, socioeconomic status, or urban residence. Conclusions In northern Tanzania, knowledge of myocardial infarction symptoms is poor among all segments of the population and only a minority of residents perceive themselves to be at risk of this disease. Educational interventions regarding ischemic heart disease are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian T Hertz
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC.
| | - Deng B Madut
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC
| | - Revogatus A Tesha
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, PO Box 90251, Durham, NC
| | - Gwamaka William
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Ryan A Simmons
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC
| | - Sophie W Galson
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC
| | - Francis M Sakita
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Venance P Maro
- Department of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gerald S Bloomfield
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC
| | - John A Crump
- Otago Global Health Institute, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand 9054
| | - Matthew P Rubach
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC
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Mouodi S, Hosseini SR, Graham Cumming R, Bijani A, Esmaeili H, Ghadimi R. Physiological risk factors for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged (40-60 year) adults and their association with dietary intake, Northern Iran. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2019; 10:55-64. [PMID: 30858942 PMCID: PMC6386329 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.10.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Considering the importance of healthy diet in the protection of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), this research aimed to assess the physiological risk factors for CVD in middle-aged adults and their association with dietary intake in the north of Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study conducted in the years 2016-2017 among the adults aged 40-60 years living in Amirkola, Babol, the participants´ physical activity, dietary intake, body mass index, fat mass, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and serum lipid profile were reported. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess physical activity and a structured 24-hour food-recall questionnaire was used to assess the participants´ dietary intake. Consumed foods and beverages on two separate days were analyzed and transcribed in 10 food groups (gram). Results Two hundred and ninety-one persons (96.7%) had complete participation, 96.2% with at least one CVD risk factor and 75.9% had overweight or obesity; 33% with hypertension; 6.2% had high fasting blood glucose; 64.6% with hypercholesterolemia, 47.8% had hypertriglyceridemia, and 8.9% with low HDL. Mean daily intake values of carbohydrate, protein and fat were all higher than dietary reference intakes for adults. Physical activity less than 1500 MET-minutes per week was significantly associated with having three or more physiological risk factors for CVD [adjusted odds ratio: 2.04 (1.08-3.85)] (P=0.029). Conclusion Most of the middle-aged adults in this region had at least one of the physiological risk factors for CVD and daily intakes of carbohydrate and protein were higher than dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Mouodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Ali Bijani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Haleh Esmaeili
- Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Ghadimi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Cardiovascular Disease Healthcare Utilization in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030419. [PMID: 30717120 PMCID: PMC6388380 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries face a growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), attributed to economic, nutritional, demographic, and epidemiological transitions. These factors increase the prevalence of CVD risk factors, and the CVD burden overlaps with a high prevalence of infectious diseases. This review aimed to understand CVD healthcare utilization determinants and levels in SSA. We conducted a systematic search of the literature on major databases for the period 2008⁻2018 using exhaustive combinations of CVD and utilization indicators as search terms. Eighteen studies from eight countries were included in this review. Most studies (88.8%) followed the quantitative methodology and largely focused on inpatient stroke care. Two-thirds of patients sought care within 24 h of suffering a stroke, and the length of stay (LOS) in hospital ranged between 6 and 81 days. Results showed a rising trend of CVD admissions within total hospital admissions. Coverage of physiotherapy services was limited and varied between countries. While few studies included rural populations, utilization was found to be negatively associated with rural residence and socioeconomic status. There is a need to extend healthcare provision in SSA to ensure access to the CVD continuum of care.
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Almalki MA, AlJishi MN, Khayat MA, Bokhari HF, Subki AH, Alzahrani AM, Alhejily WA. Population awareness of coronary artery disease risk factors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Int J Gen Med 2019; 12:63-70. [PMID: 30666149 PMCID: PMC6333320 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s184732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a serious cardiovascular disorder affecting middle-aged individuals. It is a major cause of death among adults over the age of 35 years. In Saudi Arabia, CAD is associated with higher mortality rate, and Saudi patients are reported to have significantly higher prevalence of risk factors for CAD than the Western population. Furthermore, as, to date, there is no definite cure for CAD, prevention of the disease and tight control of the known risk factors are the cornerstones for reducing CAD-associated mortality. Thus, the present work aimed to assess the population awareness of CAD risk factors in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah during the period January 2017 to December 2017 by using an online survey questionnaire to assess participants' awareness of 14 risk factors for CAD, namely: smoking, lack of physical activity, fast food and soft drink intake, television and computer use; history of diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction and stroke; as well as a family history of diabetes mellitus, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, CAD and myocardial infarction. RESULTS Of 468 respondents, 41% were males. The mean age was 31.9±12.4. Approximately 86% were Saudi, and ~60% had a university education. The mean overall awareness score was 4.31±1.36 (1.00-8.00). Fast food, soft drinks, and family history of diabetes were the most commonly identified risk factors, reported by 74.8%, 64.3%, and 47.2% of participants, respectively. There was a strong correlation between overall awareness score and awareness of each risk factor individually (P<0.003). CONCLUSION There is an evident limited knowledge among the population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia regarding the risk factors for CAD, and it is recommended that the healthcare sector in the country focus on public health education programs about the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Almalki
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Maram Nader AlJishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Maie Abdulrhman Khayat
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Hotoun Fayez Bokhari
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Ahmed Hussein Subki
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
| | | | - Wesam Awad Alhejily
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
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Akinyemi RO, Sarfo FS, Akinyemi J, Singh A, Onoja Akpa M, Akpalu A, Owolabi L, Adeoye AM, Obiako R, Wahab K, Sanya E, Komolafe M, Ogbole G, Fawale M, Adebayo P, Osaigbovo G, Sunmonu T, Olowoyo P, Chukwuonye I, Obiabo Y, Adeniji O, Fakunle G, Melikam E, Saulson R, Yaria J, Uwanruochi K, Ibinaiye P, Adeniyi Amusa G, Suleiman Yahaya I, Hamisu Dambatta A, Faniyan M, Olowoniyi P, Bock-Oruma A, Chidi Joseph O, Oguntade A, Kolo P, Laryea R, Lakoh S, Uvere E, Farombi T, Akpalu J, Oyinloye O, Appiah L, Calys-Tagoe B, Shidali V, Abdulkadir Tabari N, Adebayo O, Efidi R, Adeleye O, Owusu D, Ogunjimi L, Aridegbe O, Lucius Imoh C, Sanni T, Gebreziabher M, Hemant T, Arulogun O, Ogunniyi A, Jenkins C, Owolabi M, Ovbiagele B. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of West Africans on genetic studies of stroke: Evidence from the SIREN Study. Int J Stroke 2019; 14:69-79. [PMID: 30040054 PMCID: PMC8325169 DOI: 10.1177/1747493018790059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is crucial to assess genomic literacy related to stroke among Africans in preparation for the ethical, legal and societal implications of the genetic revolution which has begun in Africa. OBJECTIVE To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of West Africans about stroke genetic studies. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among stroke patients and stroke-free controls recruited across 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Participants' knowledge of heritability of stroke, willingness to undergo genetic testing and perception of the potential benefits of stroke genetic research were assessed using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive, frequency distribution and multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Only 49% of 2029 stroke patients and 57% of 2603 stroke-free individuals knew that stroke was a heritable disorder. Among those who knew, 90% were willing to undergo genetic testing. Knowledge of stroke heritability was associated with having at least post-secondary education (OR 1.51, 1.25-1.81) and a family history of stroke (OR 1.20, 1.03-1.39) while Islamic religion (OR=0.82, CI: 0.72-0.94), being currently unmarried (OR = 0.81, CI: 0.70-0.92), and alcohol use (OR = 0.78, CI: 0.67-0.91) were associated with lower odds of awareness of stroke as a heritable disorder. Willingness to undergo genetic testing for stroke was associated with having a family history of stroke (OR 1.34, 1.03-1.74) but inversely associated with a medical history of high blood pressure (OR = 0.79, 0.65-0.96). CONCLUSION To further improve knowledge of stroke heritability and willingness to embrace genetic testing for stroke, individuals with less formal education, history of high blood pressure and no family history of stroke require targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufus O Akinyemi
- Centre for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Fred S Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Joshua Akinyemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Arti Singh
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Matthew Onoja Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Albert Akpalu
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lukman Owolabi
- Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun M. Adeoye
- Centre for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Reginald Obiako
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Kolawole Wahab
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Sanya
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Morenikeji Komolafe
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Ogbole
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael Fawale
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Philip Adebayo
- Department of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Osaigbovo
- Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Taofiki Sunmonu
- Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria
| | - Paul Olowoyo
- Department of Medicine, Federal University Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Yahaya Obiabo
- Department of Medicine, Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Igharra, Nigeria
| | | | - Gregory Fakunle
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ezinne Melikam
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Raelle Saulson
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Joseph Yaria
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Phillip Ibinaiye
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Mercy Faniyan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Peter Olowoniyi
- Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria
| | - Andrew Bock-Oruma
- Department of Medicine, Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Igharra, Nigeria
| | - Odo Chidi Joseph
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Philip Kolo
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ruth Laryea
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sulaiman Lakoh
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ezinne Uvere
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temitope Farombi
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olalekan Oyinloye
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lambert Appiah
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Vincent Shidali
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Oladimeji Adebayo
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Richard Efidi
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Dorcas Owusu
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Luqman Ogunjimi
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Taofeeq Sanni
- Department of Medicine, Federal University Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Tiwari Hemant
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Oyedunni Arulogun
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Ogunniyi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Carolyn Jenkins
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Centre for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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Wang MD, Wang Y, Mao L, Xia YP, He QW, Lu ZX, Yin XX, Hu B. Acute stroke patients' knowledge of stroke at discharge in China: a cross-sectional study. Trop Med Int Health 2018; 23:1200-1206. [PMID: 30178470 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A good mastery of stroke-related knowledge can be of great benefit in developing healthy behaviours. This study surveyed the knowledge about stroke and influencing factors among patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) at discharge in a Chinese province. METHODS A cross-section study was conducted from November 1, 2014 to January 31, 2015. A total of 1531 AIS patients in Hubei Province completed a questionnaire at discharge. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify the influencing factors of their knowledge of stroke. RESULTS About 31.2% of the respondents did not know that stroke is caused by blockage or rupture of cerebral blood vessels and 20.3% did not realise they need immediate medical attention after onset. Approximately 50% did not know that sudden blurred vision, dizziness, headache and unconsciousness are the warning signs of stroke. Over 40% were not aware of the risk factors of the condition, such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking and obesity. Over 20% had no idea that they need long-term medication and strict control of blood pressure, blood lipids and blood sugar. Their knowledge levels were correlated with regions of residence (P < 0.0001), socioeconomic status (P < 0.05), physical condition (P < 0.01), previous stroke (P < 0.0001) and family members and friends having had a stroke (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Most AIS patients in Hubei Province, China, had little knowledge of stroke at discharge. Further efforts should be devoted to strengthening the in-hospital education of stroke patients, especially those with a low income and those from rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Die Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuan-Peng Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Quan-Wei He
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zu-Xun Lu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Xv Yin
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,The Stroke Quality Control Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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