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Holland C, Baker M, Bates A, Hughes C, Richmond PC, Carlson S, Moore HC. Parental awareness and attitudes towards prevention of respiratory syncytial virus in infants and young children in Australia. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:786-794. [PMID: 38299226 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess parental awareness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the level of acceptance of future RSV prevention strategies. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was implemented targeting "future" and "current" parents of children aged ≤5 years in Australia. RESULTS From 1992 eligible participants, two non-mutually exclusive subgroups were formed: "current" parents (N = 1931) and "pregnant/planning" parents (N = 464: 403 also "current" parents and 61 "future" parents). Participants were predominantly (86.6%) aged 25-39 years and 68.5% with university education. The majority (89.6% current; 78.7% future) had heard of RSV. Of those, 64.2% (current) and 50.0% (future) were aware that pneumonia is associated with RSV; 71.8% (current) and 52.1% (future) were aware that bronchiolitis is associated with RSV. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, Australian-born parents (aOR = 2.47 [95% CI: 1.48-4.12]), living in the eastern states (e.g., New South Wales: aOR = 6.15 [95% CI:2.10-18.04]), with a university-level education (aOR = 2.61 [95% CI:1.38-4.94]) and being a current parent (aOR = 12.26 [95% CI:2.82-53.28]) were associated with higher RSV awareness. There was a high level of acceptance for maternal vaccines (future: 79.3%) and infant immunisation (all: 81.7%). CONCLUSION While RSV awareness and immunisation acceptance were high, there was limited knowledge of severity of RSV, especially in future parents. Education campaigns need to be developed to increase RSV knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Holland
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Megan Baker
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amber Bates
- Tiny Sparks Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine Hughes
- The Immunisation Foundation of Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter C Richmond
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Vaccine Trials Group, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Perth Children's Hospital, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Perth Children's Hospital, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha Carlson
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah C Moore
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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O'Reardon AB, Litenski MN, Hernandez M, Niyazov Y, Acosta J, Cruz J. Markedly Delayed Presentation of a Psychotic Disorder 10 Years After the First Onset of Symptoms. Cureus 2024; 16:e57191. [PMID: 38681378 PMCID: PMC11056097 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia affects 1% of the population, causing chronic debilitating symptoms with largely unknown causes. Structural brain changes and neurochemical alterations are believed to contribute to its etiology. Delayed treatment initiation is a major concern. This case involves a male patient with a decade-long history of psychosis, experiencing isolation, agoraphobia, and paranoid delusions. His situation deteriorated to the point where he lived in a self-imposed physically constraining environment for a year, leading to muscle atrophy and deteriorating health. Delayed help-seeking was driven by insurance concerns, despite prior academic success. Following extensive evaluation, he received the diagnosis of schizophrenia (first episode, severe), requiring multidisciplinary treatment, including medication adjustments and therapy. This case serves as a poignant illustration of a missed opportunity for early intervention, with treatment initiated only after symptoms became severe. Research indicates that early intervention in schizophrenia is crucial, typically leading to improved outcomes, emphasizing its critical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife B O'Reardon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Melissa N Litenski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | | | - Yakov Niyazov
- Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, USA
| | - Jadiyer Acosta
- Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, USA
| | - Jose Cruz
- Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, USA
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van der Merwe J, Tsakpounidou K, Baskini M, Webb C, Keramydas C, Martins SCO, Klinke ME, Proios H. Continuity and Change in Baseline Stroke Knowledge across the world: Second Wave of FAST Heroes campaign implementation. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107426. [PMID: 37839302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this work we present the results of the implementation of a globally representative educational school-based stroke awareness programme, FAST (Face, Arm, Speech, Time) Heroes during the second year of education (wave 2). We aimed to observe changes in baseline stroke knowledge between wave 1 and wave 2, distinguish the more fine-grained effect of the campaign on society, and evaluate changes before and after the implementation of wave 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS In wave 2, parents of school-aged children completed an online stroke preparedness questionnaire before (t1) and after (t2) programme implementation. Results between the time points were analyzed with descriptive statistics alongside changes in baseline knowledge between waves 1 and 2. RESULTS 1,611 parents participated in wave 2. Parents increased their knowledge of three stroke symptoms from 69% to 87% (p<.001). Their knowledge of the designated emergency number rose from 75% (t1) to 88% (t2) (p<.001). A 17% increase in baseline knowledge occurred in stroke symptoms identified correctly between wave 1 (11 countries) and 2 (18 countries). CONCLUSIONS Results support the precision and usability of the data collection approach in measuring the change in stroke knowledge between implementation waves. The increased baseline knowledge concerning stroke symptoms in wave 2 needs further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan van der Merwe
- Boehringer Ingelheim International Gesellschaft mit Beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Healthcare Affairs and Patient Engagement, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany; Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, Egnatia Str 156, Thessaloniki, 54636, Greece.
| | - Kalliopi Tsakpounidou
- Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, Egnatia Str 156, Thessaloniki, 54636, Greece.
| | - Maria Baskini
- Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, Egnatia Str 156, Thessaloniki, 54636, Greece.
| | - Chris Webb
- Twelve, 3 Liverpool Gardens, Worthing, West Sussex, England.
| | - Christos Keramydas
- Department of Supply Chain Management, International Hellenic University, Kanellopoulou Str 2, Katerini, 60100, Greece.
| | - Sheila Cristina Ouriques Martins
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Neurology, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Av. Protásio Alves, 211 - Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Marianne Elisabeth Klinke
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Eirberg, Eiríksgötu 34, 107, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Hariklia Proios
- Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, Egnatia Str 156, Thessaloniki, 54636, Greece.
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Alotaibi SA, Alnayf AS, Taha EB, Mohandes B, Alhadlaq AM, Alotaibi EA. Community-Level Awareness of Proper Immediate Steps Regarding Ocular Chemical Injury in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e47023. [PMID: 37965421 PMCID: PMC10642305 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An ocular chemical injury is a critical medical condition that results in harm to many components within the orbit, including the epithelium, cornea, and anterior segment. Most accidents tend to transpire among individuals in younger age groups, primarily as a result of their exposure to hazardous conditions either within their domestic environment or in occupational settings. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the extent of community awareness of chemical eye injuries and the appropriate measures for urgent care, focusing on different age groups within the Al-Qassim region. Methods A cross-sectional study was utilized in this research, employing data from a sample of 384 individuals residing in Qassim. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, which was administered online and ensured anonymity. The questionnaire used in this study had been previously validated. Results The study included a total of 384 participants who were not affiliated with the medical field, selected from the Al-Qassim region. Most of the respondents demonstrated fairly good level of awareness regarding ocular chemical injury (69%). There was a statistically significant relationship between age and the level of awareness (p-value=0.00001<0.05). Most participants believed that ocular chemical injury could cause ocular complications (93.8%) and identified chloride and detergents (92.2%) as the main materials that cause ocular injuries. Conclusion Overall summary, this study's findings suggest that there exists a moderate degree of knowledge among the public regarding chemical injuries to the eye and the appropriate rapid response to such injuries. Majority of the community members were aware that ocular chemical injury can cause ocular complications, blindness, perforation, scarring, and cataracts. Additionally, chloride and detergents were found to be the most common causes of ocular injuries among the population. The study found the most common immediate action when exposed to ocular chemical injury was to irrigate the eye with large amount of water. The study established a statistically significant association between the age and awareness about ocular chemical injury; thus, age appears to be a key factor influencing the amount of awareness seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad A Alotaibi
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al Bukayriah, SAU
| | - Atheer S Alnayf
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al Bukayriah, SAU
| | - Enas B Taha
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al Bukayriah, SAU
| | - Bushra Mohandes
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Alrajhi University, Bukayriah, SAU
| | - Abdulaziz M Alhadlaq
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, SAU
| | - Eman A Alotaibi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU
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Dine RD, Umutoni AU, Umulisa MM, Ezeanochie N, Noben J, Indoe EP, Dusingize C, Kamali F, Niyingabira J. Best practices and lessons learned from implementing a massive Ebola vaccination program: Summarizing UMURINZI team experience. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1618. [PMID: 37822840 PMCID: PMC10562525 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The unified Rwandan initiative for national ZEBOVAC immunization (UMURINZI) program's community engagement component was enacted to mobilize and vaccinate high-risk community members. This article describes best practices and lessons learned from the implementation of UMURINZI, a large-scale Ebola vaccination program. Methods The population deemed to be at risk for EVD consisted of people who frequently cross Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) borders including those coming from Kigali City, potential first responders who have not previously been vaccinated against EVD, as well as people who reside in high-risk border-proximate areas of the Rubavu and Rusizi districts in the Western Province of Rwanda. These districts were selected because of their proximity to high-traffic borders linking Rwanda to DRC's cities near an active Ebola outbreak. Volunteers of this program were adults, adolescents, and children aged 2 years or above who resided in the selected communities. Recruitment at the sites was conducted in close collaboration with each health area's Community Health Workers (CHWs). Volunteers were informed that the program involved being fully vaccinated (two doses of Ebola vaccines) within 2 months apart in the allocated vaccination sites. Results Lessons learned were categorized into four pillars: infrastructure, leadership, myths, and partnership with respect. The best practices that were used during the implementation of the UMURINZI program were the results of a collaboration among CHWs, the involvement of national and local leaders, the use of a comprehensive engagement plan, and training. The study also had limitations. Conclusion We described best practices and lessons learned during the implementation of the UMURINZI program in Rwanda. These practices and lessons learned represent promising options that could contribute to better community members' participation in mass vaccination programs. Hence, we demonstrated that rigorously designed community awareness and sensitization programs are effective for the implementation of similar programs in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jozef Noben
- Janssen Global Public Health R&DBeerseBelgium
| | | | - Clémence Dusingize
- Rwanda Biomedical Center and Rwanda Health Communication CenterKigaliRwanda
| | - Fulgence Kamali
- Rwanda Biomedical Center and Rwanda Health Communication CenterKigaliRwanda
| | - Julien Niyingabira
- Rwanda Biomedical Center and Rwanda Health Communication CenterKigaliRwanda
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Alghariri LA, Alanzi RS, Albalwi RO, Garot LF, Alqbali HS, Mohamed MS. Assessment of Saudi Society's Awareness of the Hazards of Scented Candles and Air Fresheners. Pak J Biol Sci 2023; 26:510-515. [PMID: 38110556 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.510.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Air fresheners and scented candles are dangerous for human health and the environment. They are associated with allergies and irritation for a weak respiratory system. This study was conducted to determine the extent of community awareness of the toxicity associated with scented candles and air fresheners. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This study uses a questionnaire from March, 2023 to June, 2023. The study questionnaire, which was completed by 1667 participants, assesses the degree of knowledge, habits and diseases connected to scents and candles. Descriptive statistics, including percentages, were used. <b>Results:</b> It was discovered that, on average, 568 (34.1%) people are unaware that candles contain chemicals. As 1497 (89.8%) are prepared to replace them with natural and safer candles, while 163 (9.8%) consulted a doctor after exposure to candles because of respiratory allergies; 1093 (65.5%) do not care to check the ingredients before buying a candle and 854 (51.2%) are unaware that candles might cause long-term damage. <b>Conclusion:</b> A significant portion of participants were unaware of the dangers of scented candles and air fresheners. There is no link between respiratory allergies and the substances present in these candles, but it has been proven that most participants are ready to change and use natural alternatives.
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Semrau M, Gronholm PC, Eaton J, Maulik PK, Ayele B, Bakolis I, Mendon GB, Bhattarai K, Brohan E, Cherian AV, Daniel M, Girma E, Gurung D, Hailemariam A, Hanlon C, Healey A, Kallakuri S, Li J, Loganathan S, Ma N, Ma Y, Metsahel A, Ouali U, Yaziji N, Zgueb Y, Zhang W, Zhang X, Thornicroft G, Votruba N. Reducing stigma and improving access to care for people with mental health conditions in the community: protocol for a multi-site feasibility intervention study (Indigo-Local). Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3237562. [PMID: 37645946 PMCID: PMC10462245 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3237562/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Stigma and discrimination towards people with mental health conditions by their communities are common worldwide. This can result in a range of negative outcomes for affected persons, including poor access to health care. However, evidence is still patchy from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) on affordable, community-based interventions to reduce mental health-related stigma and to improve access to mental health care. Methods This study aims to conduct a feasibility (proof-of-principle) pilot study that involves developing, implementing and evaluating a community-based, multi-component, public awareness-raising intervention (titled Indigo-Local), designed to reduce stigma and discrimination and to increase referrals of people with mental health conditions for assessment and treatment. It is being piloted in five LMICs - China, Ethiopia, India, Nepal and Tunisia - and includes several key components: a stakeholder group workshop; a stepped training programme (using a 'Training of Trainers' approach) of community health workers (or similar cadres of workers) and service users that includes repeated supervision and booster sessions; awareness-raising activities in the community; and a media campaign. Social contact and service user involvement are instrumental to all components. The intervention is being evaluated through a mixed-methods pre-post study design that involves quantitative assessment of stigma outcomes measuring knowledge, attitudes and (discriminatory) behaviour; quantitative evaluation of mental health service utilization rates (where feasible in sites); qualitative exploration of the potential effectiveness and impact of the Indigo-Local intervention; a process evaluation; implementation evaluation; and an evaluation of implementation costs. Discussion The outcome of this study will be contextually adapted, evidence-based interventions to reduce mental health-related stigma in local communities in five LMICs to achieve improved access to healthcare. We will have replicable models of how to involve people with lived experience as an integral part of the intervention and will produce knowledge of how intervention content and implementation strategies vary across settings. The interventions and their delivery will be refined to be acceptable, feasible and ready for larger-scale implementation and evaluation. This study thereby has the potential to make an important contribution to the evidence base on what works to reduce mental health-related stigma and discrimination and improve access to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | | | - Ning Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health
| | - Yurong Ma
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | - Wufang Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health
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Desai V, Solanky P, Solanki V, Makwana H, Raj H, Patel HM. Determinants of Health-Seeking Behavior in Major Depressive Disorder: An Observational Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e41901. [PMID: 37583725 PMCID: PMC10423751 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common illnesses in the world and a major cause of years lived with disability. It is necessary to diagnose and treat depression promptly. OBJECTIVES To identify and compare factors affecting health-seeking behavior in patients suffering from MDD. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was conducted. The study population was divided into two groups: early and late health seekers (cut off: three months). Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9) as well as Perceived and Personal Depression Stigma Scores were calculated. Data were analyzed and the chi-square test and z-test were used to calculate statistical significance. RESULTS There were 102 participants. The majority were female (62.75%) and the maximum number of participants were from the age group of 26-45 years (65.69%). There were more early help seekers (61.76%) than late help seekers (38.24%). The majority of early help seekers were married individuals. Distance played a vital role in help-seeking behavior. A significant association was also found between participants' personal stigma and late treatment seeking. The most common reason for delaying medical attention was that patients thought that they could cure themselves, followed by a lack of awareness. CONCLUSION Delay and hesitance observed concerning health-seeking behavior are assumed to be associated with factors such as gender, income, family or marital status, stigma, lack of awareness, beliefs and practices, and deficient health facilities causing delays in the diagnosis and management of MDD. The research supported that involving primary health care centers, spreading awareness about the disease, and increasing psychiatric facilities, along with a special emphasis on factors as mentioned like gender, marital status, stigma, and feasibility of reaching facility as distance plays a major role in causing delay, and can help decrease the duration of symptom from the onset, initiating appropriate treatment, and improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedant Desai
- Medical School, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society (GMERS) Medical College and Hospital Valsad, Valsad, IND
| | - Priti Solanky
- Preventive Medicine, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society (GMERS) Medical College and Hospital Valsad, Valsad, IND
| | - Viren Solanki
- Psychiatry, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society (GMERS) Medical College and Hospital Valsad, Valsad, IND
| | - Hemal Makwana
- Psychiatry, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society (GMERS) Medical College and Hospital Valsad, Valsad, IND
| | - Harshit Raj
- Psychiatry, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society (GMERS) Medical College and Hospital Valsad, Valsad, IND
| | - Hetanshi M Patel
- Psychiatry, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society (GMERS) Medical College and Hospital Valsad, Valsad, IND
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Akanbi M, Santiago Rivera OJ, Dutta A, Pratiti R. A Review of Community Awareness for Colorectal Cancer Screening and Prevention in North and Central Asian Countries. Cureus 2023; 15:e40540. [PMID: 37465816 PMCID: PMC10350344 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates are increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), including North and Central Asian countries (NCAC). Screening and risk factor reduction can aid in the prevention of colorectal cancer, but communities lack awareness of these screening programs. The review assessed community awareness about CRC screening and prevention in NCAC to facilitate cancer control policies. Study type and methods: For this scoping review, we searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for articles on community awareness about CRC screening and prevention in NCAC according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS Eight of 677 articles from five of the 15 NCAC countries met the criteria. Most of the studies utilized a survey design. The results indicated low awareness of the availability of CRC screening and poor knowledge of CRC symptoms. Knowledge of CRC screening modalities was also inadequate. Some countries also lack CRC screening programs. CONCLUSION Community unawareness is a significant barrier to screening program utilization and sustenance. Community health awareness programs (CHAP) are needed to improve the uptake of CRC screening in NCAC. The NCAC should include CHAP as an integral component of the CRC control plan. Long-term cancer control in LMIC could be adapted using the step-ladder pyramidal approach.
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Dlamini SB, Sartorius B, Ginindza TG. Pre- and post-intervention survey on lung cancer awareness among adults in selected communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A quasi-experimental study. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2131. [PMID: 36798842 PMCID: PMC9926557 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer remains the number one cause of cancer mortality estimated at 1.8 million deaths. There are limited studies in resource poor countries regarding knowledge, attitudes and practices towards lung cancer. Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of a lung cancer awareness intervention in selected communities in KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa. Materials and Methods A quasi-experimental study design was conducted in the selected communities in KwaZulu-Natal. A community intervention was administered in the communities after a baseline survey. The intervention effects were assessed a month after implementation. Results There were statistical differences in the mean age (p<0.001) and proportion of males and females (p<0.001) at baseline and post-intervention. There were no differences in terms of smoking status (p=0.958), however, there was a reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked per day (p<0.001) and the number of packs smoked per week (p=0.026). The mean knowledge score increased from 41.8% (95% CI 35.7 - 47.9) at baseline to 59.9 (95% CI 53.8 - 66.0) post-intervention (p<0.001). The proportion of participants who were aware that lung cancer can be detected early increased from 46.5% (95% CI 39.1 - 53.9) at baseline to 81.1% (95% CI 71.7 - 87.9) post-intervention (p<0.001). The intervention had a statistically significant effect (aOR 4.370, 95% CI 1.477-12.928) on the level of lung cancer knowledge in the selected communities (p<0.001). Conclusions Interventions increasing the recognition of signs and symptoms, focusing on the importance of early detection and health seeking behaviour (including screening), smoking cessation, and addressing the perceived health system barriers are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyabonga B. Dlamini
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Cancer and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit (CIDERU), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Discipline of Public Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2nd Floor George Campbell Building, Mazisi Kunene Road, 4041, Durban, South Africa, Tel. (+2731) 260 4499. Fax. (+2731) 260 4211.
| | - Benn Sartorius
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Themba G. Ginindza
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Cancer and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit (CIDERU), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Baig M, Alzahrani S, Abualhamael S, Alotaibi A, Alharbi M, Almohammadi T, Alkaabi T. Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge, Attitudes, Preventive Practices and Associated Factors Among a Sample of Adult Non-Diabetic Saudi Residents. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1393-1406. [PMID: 37213209 PMCID: PMC10198170 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s409330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the diabetes mellitus (DM) knowledge, attitudes, preventive practices, and associated factors among a sample of adult non-diabetic Saudi residents. Methods The present survey was conducted in April-June 2022. People from the general population were invited to participate in the study, and the data were collected using a validated questionnaire. Results A total of 1207 non-diabetic subjects participated in the study [females 798(66.1%) and males 409(33.9%)], and the response rate was 80% (1207/1500). Two-thirds (66.86%) of non-diabetic adult community members had good knowledge of DM, 47.8% had positive attitudes, and 62.14% maintained a healthy lifestyle to avoid DM. There was a family history of DM in more than half of the subjects 723(59.9%). Participants who had a direct relative with diabetes scored higher on the knowledge question than those who did not (p<0.001). Practice questions responses for preventing DM showed that about 459(38%) were using fatty food less frequently, and only 338(28%) and 153(12.7%) were doing physical activities 30-60 minutes per day frequently and very frequently, respectively. Most participants were smoking tobacco, 890(73.7%), and getting checked their BP, 704(58.3%), very frequently. The participants with a master's and Ph.D. degree were likelier to have positive attitudes and good practices than students. Individuals with a history of DM in their families were 2.10 times (OR=2.10, p<0.001), 1.95 times (OR=1.95, p<0.001), and 2.03 times (OR=2.03, p<0.001) more likely to be knowledgeable, had positive attitudes and good practices than those with no DM in their family, respectively. Conclusion Over half of the individuals possessed a positive mindset, adequate knowledge, and good practicing behavior for preventing DM. Having Master's and Ph.D. degrees and a family history of DM were associated with a positive attitude and good practices. There is a need to expand community awareness campaigns utilizing social media channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtiar Baig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Mukhtiar Baig, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966581083289, Email
| | - Sami Alzahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Health Promotion Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Abualhamael
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud Alotaibi
- Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Alharbi
- Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thikra Almohammadi
- Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alkaabi
- Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Dlamini SB, Hlongwana KW, Ginindza TG. Lung cancer awareness training experiences of community health workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2022; 14:e1-e9. [PMID: 36546485 PMCID: PMC9772754 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v14i1.3414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Awareness interventions in the developing world remain scarce. Community health workers (CHWs) are a critical component towards ensuring efficient delivery of healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries. AIM This study explored the experiences of CHWs of their training as lung cancer awareness intervention implementers. SETTING The study was conducted in a resource-poor setting, with CHWs from previously disadvantaged communities. METHODS On the last day of training, 10 CHWs were requested to voluntarily participate in a focus group discussion regarding their experiences of the training, utilising a discussion guide. RESULTS The participants expressed positive experiences with the training. They cited the amenable and conducive learning environment established by the facilitator. The participants felt empowered through the newly acquired knowledge and wanted to help their communities. However, some participants expressed a desire to have other forms of learning incorporated in future training. The participants were also cognisant of existing gaps in their own knowledge that could be elaborated upon in preparation for potential questions by the community. Some participants confirmed their role as agents of change. CONCLUSION The authors propose large-scale intervention studies of lung cancer awareness utilising the CHW programme to gather conclusive evidence regarding their effectiveness at a community level.Contribution: This article provides insight into the training of community health workers on lung cancer awareness and future research on the integration of the intervention into already existing programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyabonga B. Dlamini
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Cancer & Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Khumbulani W. Hlongwana
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Cancer & Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Themba G. Ginindza
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Cancer & Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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13
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Dominici L, Comino E, Torpy F, Irga P. Vertical Greening Systems: A Critical Comparison of Do-It-Yourself Designs. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3230. [PMID: 36501270 PMCID: PMC9739368 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing shortage of space in urban areas, vertical greening systems (VGSs) are becoming increasingly popular as a means to provide increased urban greening using building façades. VGSs are usually installed and managed by experts due to technical complexity, however the role of local communities is becoming increasingly important through Do-It-Yourself (DIY) practices. This study aims to explore low-cost VGSs and provide design suggestions and maintenance indications to encourage the expanded use of in situ small-scale VGSs. Firstly, an exploratory review of VGS designs proposed in the scientific literature, and by commercial and community-based solutions was conducted taking DIY potential into account to define eight basic design models categorized through six structural criteria. Then, seven community garden groups were interviewed to inform a critical comparison of the eight design models. Data collected was synthesized to develop a star rating system, thus providing a quick comparative tool. The star rating system shows the performance of five relevant DIY design parameters for each VGS model. The current research may assist in the accessibility of green technologies and facilitate community-scale implementation of DIY vertical greening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dominici
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Comino
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Fraser Torpy
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Peter Irga
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
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14
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Lee SM, Jang HJ, Yun HK, Jung YB, Hong IK. Effect of Apartment Community Garden Program on Sense of Community and Stress. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:708. [PMID: 35055530 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Apartment housing has become a dominant form of urban residence. High dwelling density in apartment complexes causes frequent conflicts and disputes. To counter this, it is necessary to promote a sense of community among residents with programs such as a customized horticultural program for the introduction of a community garden in an apartment complex. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a community garden program in an apartment complex in fostering residents’ sense of community and reducing stress. Experiments were performed in three groups: a group participating in the program based on the sense of community theory (SCG; n = 11), a group participating with a focus on horticultural education (HEG; n = 11), and a non-participation group (NPG; n = 10). The experimental results revealed that the sense of community was significantly higher in the SCG than in the HEG and NPG. The results suggest that the SCG positively affected the sense of community, overall energy, ratio between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, and stress resistance. Considering these results, community garden programs with appropriate interventions to promote a sense of community are more effective in improving community life and reducing stress than programs based on horticultural education.
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15
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Hill K, Schwarzer R, Somerset S, Chouinard PA, Chan C. Enhancing Community Suicide Risk Assessment and Protective Intervention Action Plans Through a Bystander Intervention Model-Informed Video. Crisis 2021; 43:236-244. [PMID: 34427453 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The effects of a bystander intervention model (BIM)-informed intervention (video) for the general community on participant risk of suicide assessment ability (ROSAA) and protective intervention ability (PIA) were compared with an active control (non-BIM-informed video). Method: Video interventions with 628 participants (Mage = 47.99, SDage = 17.34, range = 18-85 years) were conducted online. ROSAA and PIA were assessed immediately preintervention, postintervention, and at 2 months follow-up (n = 126). Results: Linear mixed model analyses indicated that the experimental and control conditions improved on both outcome variables postintervention/Time 2 (T2); however, the former yielded better outcomes than the latter (moderate ESs in both variables). Follow-up/Time 3 (T3) experimental ROSAA scores were higher than Time 1 (T1) and lower than T2 scores. Follow-up experimental PIA scores were higher than T1 and lower than T2 scores. Follow-up control ROSAA scores were higher than those of T1 and similar to T2. Follow-up control PIA scores were similar to T1 and T2 scores. Limitations: Limitations of the study include: sample homogeneity, small n at follow-up, self-report data only (no observable behavior was tested), fair inter-rater reliability, and a brief follow-up time frame. Conclusion: Current community information increased ROSAA and PIA. A BIM-informed intervention significantly enhanced these effects, which seemed to wane somewhat over time with the effect being lower at follow-up compared with postintervention. The BIM should be explored further as a basis for community suicide prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karien Hill
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralf Schwarzer
- Department of Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shawn Somerset
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Philippe A Chouinard
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carina Chan
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Rahman F, Muthaiah N, Prasanth K, Singh A, Satagopan U, Kumaramanickavel G. Impact of literacy on hypertension knowledge and control of blood pressure in a southern Indian tertiary hospital. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:136-140. [PMID: 34370651 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x21666210809123922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a global public health concern. Awareness and knowledge about the disease in a community collectively would allow adequate prevention, promote self-care practices, adherence to medication and ultimately effective management of hypertension. AIM To ascertain the level of education associated with knowledge of hypertension and control of blood pressure. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey consisting of item questions about awareness and knowledge of hypertension. Hypertensive patients (n = 424) of both genders and more than 20 years of age were included in the study. Hypertensive patients were divided into two groups (school group and school pass-out group) to assess the level of knowledge. Chi-square test was performed to determine the assessment, and p-value < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS Out of 424 participants, 71.2% were school group and 28.7% school pass-out group. School pass-out group had significant knowledge about dangerous natural course of hypertension (p = 0.00069), hypertension can lead to death if untreated (p = 0.015), benefits of cessation of smoking (p = 0.03), advantage of limiting alcohol (p = 0.019) and performing regular exercise (p = 0.013) reduces blood pressure. School pass-out group had significant (p = 0.04) hypertension control compared to the school group. CONCLUSION Educational status plays a vital role in increasing knowledge and improving the management of hypertension through better selfcare practices and strict adherence to medication. Community-based health education interventional programs targeting the lower socioeconomic group of a population would help to reduce the gap in awareness and effective control of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nagasundaram Muthaiah
- Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Krishna Prasanth
- Epidemiologist, Department of Community Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arvind Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Ram Mohan Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Govindasamy Kumaramanickavel
- Department of Research Center for Cellular Genomics, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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17
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Yasobant S, Bruchhausen W, Saxena D, Memon FZ, Falkenberg T. Health System Contact and Awareness of Zoonotic Diseases: Can it Serve as One Health Entry Point in the Urban Community of Ahmedabad, India? Yale J Biol Med 2021; 94:259-269. [PMID: 34211346 PMCID: PMC8223553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
One Health (OH) is emphasized globally to tackle the (re)emerging issues at the human-animal-ecosystem interface. However, the low awareness about zoonoses remain a challenge in global south, thus this study documented the health system contact and its effect on the awareness level of zoonoses in the urban community of Ahmedabad, India. A community-based household survey was conducted between October 2018 and July 2019. A total of 460 households (HHs) were surveyed from two zones and 23 wards of the city through cluster sampling. A structured, pilot-tested, and researcher-administered questionnaire in the vernacular language was used to collect the information on demographic details, socio-economic details, health-seeking behavior for both the humans and their animals, human and animal health system contact details and the participants' awareness on selected zoonotic diseases based on the prioritization (rabies, brucellosis, swine flu, and bird flu). Out of 460 surveyed households, 69% of HHs and 59% of HHs had a health system contact to the human and animal health system respectively at the community level. There are multiple health workers active on the community level that could potentially serve as One Health liaisons. The investigation of the knowledge and awareness level of selected zoonotic diseases revealed that 58.5%, 47.6%, and 4.6% know about rabies, swine and/or bird flu, and brucellosis, respectively. The mixed-effect linear regression model indicates that there is no significant effect on the zoonotic disease awareness score with the human health system contact; however, a minimal positive effect with the animal health system contact was evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandul Yasobant
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of
Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Global Health, Institute for Hygiene and Public Health
(IHPH), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,To whom all correspondence should be addressed:
Sandul Yasobant, MPH, PhD, Center for Development Research (ZEF), Genscherallee
3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Tel: +91-98761357331,
; ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1770-8745
| | - Walter Bruchhausen
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of
Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Global Health, Institute for Hygiene and Public Health
(IHPH), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar (IIPHG),
Gandhinagar, India,Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute
of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | | | - Timo Falkenberg
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of
Bonn, Bonn, Germany,GeoHealth Centre, Institute for Hygiene and Public
Health (IHPH), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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18
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Algamdi M, Gonzales A, Farah E. Awareness of Common Cancer Risk Factors and Symptoms in Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1813-1819. [PMID: 34181337 PMCID: PMC8418843 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.6.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the level of cancer awareness and the relationship between the awareness of common cancer symptoms and risk factors and the sample’s sociodemographic profile. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Tabuk city, a convenient sample of 675 participants completed a questionnaire about common factors causing cancer and symptoms related to cancer. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared analysis were used to measure sample characteristics and their association with knowledge of cancer risk factors and symptoms. Results: Level of education and family history were significantly related to awareness of cancer risk factors (P= 0.017) and (P= 0.048), respectively. Factors were significantly associated with awareness of cancer symptoms include Gender (P=0.000), nationality (P=0.013), and undergoing regular cancer screening tests (0.008). Internet was the primary source of information about cancer and related significantly to knowledge about cancer symptoms(P=0.000) and risk factors(P=0.00). More than half of the sample scored poorly for knowledge of both cancer risk factors (58.7%) and symptoms (66.2%) in terms of the overall level of cancer awareness. Smoking and heredity were the most identifiable cancer risk factors, and unexplained pain and weight loss were identified by the majority of study participants. Conclusion: The level of community knowledge requires further investigation, and more cancer awareness programs need to be conducted. People could be encouraged to use reliable sources of information to obtain accurate cancer information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaidah Algamdi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Analita Gonzales
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Farah
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Elgazzar AS. Simple mathematical models for controlling COVID-19 transmission through social distancing and community awareness. Z NATURFORSCH C 2021; 76:393-400. [PMID: 33866700 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The novel COVID-19 pandemic is a current, major global health threat. Up till now, there is no fully approved pharmacological treatment or a vaccine. Also, its origin is still mysterious. In this study, simple mathematical models were employed to examine the dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19 taking into consideration social distancing and community awareness. Both situations of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous population were considered. Based on the calculations, a sufficient degree of social distancing based on its reproductive ratio is found to be effective in controlling COVID-19, even in the absence of a vaccine. With a vaccine, social distancing minimizes the sufficient vaccination rate to control the disease. Community awareness also has a great impact in eradicating the virus transmission. The model is simulated on small-world networks and the role of social distancing in controlling the infection is explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elgazzar
- Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Arish University, 45516, Arish, Egypt
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20
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Gutiérrez-Velasco L, Liébana-Presa C, Abella-Santos E, Villar-Suárez V, Fernández-Gutiérrez R, Fernández-Martínez E. Access to Information and Degree of Community Awareness of Preventive Health Measures in the Face of COVID-19 in Spain. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9020104. [PMID: 33498281 PMCID: PMC7909264 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is posing a major health crisis. Spanish legislation establishes the mandatory use of masks and the implementation of hygienic measures such as hand washing and physical distancing. The aim of this study is to describe access to information and the level of community knowledge/adoption about the preventive measures proposed by the Spanish health authorities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze the influence of socio-demographic factors in compliance among people over 18 years of age resident in Spain. An observational, descriptive and transversal study was conducted. Data was collected on sociodemographic variables, access to information and the degree of knowledge/adoption about the preventive measures: use of masks, hand hygiene and physical distancing. A total of 1811 people participated. The average age was 45.1 ± 15.1 years, predominantly female (69.3%), from an urban geographical area (74%), with a higher education level of 53.2%. Most of the respondents (57.5%) are or live with people at risk. The main access to information on preventive measures was from secondary sources (49.2%), with television being the main medium; 72.3% think that there are some difficulties in accessing information, while 8.7% of the participants do not consider the use of masks to be useful. As regards the choice of type of mask, the majority of people (44.8%) opt for the surgical variety; 88.5% of respondents believe that the physical distancing established is at least 1.5 m. This study confirmed that socio-demographic factors influence compliance with or the degree of knowledge/adoption of the preventive measures proposed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and has made it possible to ascertain the sectors of the population with the greatest deficiencies in this respect. It shows the importance of implementing health information and education systems in the community, and it is advisable to promote specific programs aimed at men, people living in rural areas and people with a low level of education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Liébana-Presa
- SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Leon, Ponferrada, 24401 Leon, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Vega Villar-Suárez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IMBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 Leon, Spain;
| | | | - Elena Fernández-Martínez
- SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Leon, Ponferrada, 24401 Leon, Spain;
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21
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Janes TL, Zupan B, Signal T. Community awareness of speech pathology: A regional perspective. Aust J Rural Health 2020; 29:61-70. [PMID: 33274537 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Speech pathology has a history of low public awareness and in the absence of current research it is unclear if community awareness has changed in recent years. This study sought to explore a regional community's awareness of speech pathology as the impetus for considering future directions pertaining to awareness and understanding of the scope of practice of this profession. DESIGN An anonymous online survey was created using questions from previously validated surveys on this topic, and then distributed via snowball sampling using social media. SETTING Data are from residents of the Central Queensland community in Australia. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and seven adults who live in Central Queensland completed the survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparisons were drawn between the responses from this survey to those from earlier studies. RESULTS The majority of respondents had heard of speech pathology mostly due to personal contact, but they indicated that they did not know 'a lot' about speech pathology. Knowledgeable individuals had higher levels of education and were better able to identify speech pathologists' scope of practice. Personal contact with a speech pathologist also significantly contributed to self-rated knowledge and accurate identification of scope of practice of speech pathologists. CONCLUSION While regional Central Queensland community members have heard of speech pathology, their self-reported knowledge of the profession continues to be low. In order to optimise service access and consumer outcomes it is recommended that the profession aims to improve community awareness of speech pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Leann Janes
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Barbra Zupan
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Tania Signal
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
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22
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Park D, Ha J. Comparison of COVID-19 and MERS Risk Communication in Korea: A Case Study of TV Public Service Advertisements. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:2469-2482. [PMID: 33177902 PMCID: PMC7649236 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s269230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In recent years, the world has been under threat of novel infectious diseases such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Governmental risk communication plays a key role in overcoming the public health crises caused by the emergence of these infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the focus of Korean public service advertisements (PSAs) in response to the MERS and COVID-19 outbreaks, along with the differences between them. Methods A total of five MERS and 17 COVID-19 TV PSAs were analyzed using Lasswell’s Sender, Message, Channel, Receiver, and Effect model and the responses of the Korean government were compared between the MERS and COVID-19 outbreaks. Results During the MERS outbreak, the Korean government failed to gain the public’s trust through its PSAs. Despite its best efforts, it provided opaque and selective information on the crisis. Conversely, in the case of COVID-19, the Korean government has successfully worked to strengthen community awareness by supporting and encouraging the public. Conclusion Despite the Korean government’s improved communication in the COVID-19 crisis, there has been an insufficient response to the needs of vulnerable groups that could be placed in at-risk situations as a result of domestic violence or mental health problems during outbreaks of novel infectious diseases that require aggressive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Park
- Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Ha
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hill K, Somerset S, Schwarzer R, Chan C. Promoting the Community's Ability to Detect and Respond to Suicide Risk Through an Online Bystander Intervention Model-Informed Tool. Crisis 2020; 42:225-231. [PMID: 32781898 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: The public health sector has advocated for more innovative, technology-based, suicide prevention education for the community, to improve their ability to detect and respond to suicide risk. Emerging evidence suggests addressing the bystander effect through the Bystander Intervention Model (BIM) in education material may have potential for suicide prevention. Aims: The current study aimed to assess whether BIM-informed tools can lead to improved readiness, confidence and intent in the community to detect and respond to suicide risk in others. Method: A sample of 281 adults recruited from the community participated in a randomized controlled trial comprising a factsheet designed according to the BIM (intervention group) and a standard factsheet about suicide and mental health (control group). Participants' self-reported detecting and responding to suicide risk readiness, confidence, and intent when presented with a suicidal peer was tested pre- and postintervention and compared across time and between groups. Results: The intervention group had significantly higher levels of detecting and responding to suicide risk readiness, confidence, and intent than the control group at postintervention (all p < .001) with moderate-to-large effect sizes. Limitations: The study was limited by a homogenous sample, too low numbers at follow-up to report, and self-report data only. Conclusion: This study demonstrates BIM-informed suicide prevention training may enhance the community's intervention readiness, confidence, and intent better than current standard material. Further testing in this area is recommended. While results were statistically significant, clinical significance requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karien Hill
- Department of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shawn Somerset
- Department of Public Health, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Ralf Schwarzer
- Department of Health Psychology, Free University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina Chan
- Department of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Epps F, Alexander K, Brewster GS, Parker LJ, Chester M, Tomlinson A, Adkins A, Zingg S, Thornton J. Promoting dementia awareness in African-American faith communities. Public Health Nurs 2020; 37:715-721. [PMID: 32557783 PMCID: PMC7811358 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease and other dementia-related disorders are affecting the African-American community at alarming rates. African-American churches have traditionally been places of refuge where families go for support. However, many churches lack programs or resources to support families affected by dementia. In response, a nurse-led interdisciplinary collaborative partnered with churches to promote dementia awareness through education. PURPOSE The purpose of this analysis was to (a) describe the demographics of those seeking dementia education in African-American faith communities; (b) identify prior knowledge of dementia community resources; and (c) determine the preliminary usefulness of the education provided. METHODS Over the course of 16 months, 202 individuals attended nine educational sessions hosted by five churches across metropolitan Atlanta. Quantitative surveys were used to collect demographics and evaluate the educational sessions. RESULTS The majority of attendees were African-American adults (91%), women (75%), and unaware of dementia resources (66%). Several attendees identified themselves as church leaders, community/church members, caregivers, and/or healthcare professionals. Attendees expressed the educational content was applicable to themselves or their families. CONCLUSION Results help identify ways to alter and/or strengthen the educational content and serve as a guide for developing culturally relevant, faith-based community programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayron Epps
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karah Alexander
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Glenna S Brewster
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren J Parker
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mia Chester
- School of Nursing, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Aisha Adkins
- Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sabrina Zingg
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Mohammed J, Weldegebreal F, Teklemariam Z, Mitiku H. Clinico-epidemiology, malacology and community awareness of Schistosoma mansoni in Haradenaba and Dertoramis kebeles in Bedeno district, eastern Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2018; 6:2050312118786748. [PMID: 30034806 PMCID: PMC6048690 DOI: 10.1177/2050312118786748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Schistosoma mansoni is a major public health problem.
Different studies reported unidentified sites in Ethiopia with variable
prevalence and intensity, but there is no report from this study area. Objective: To assess the clinico-epidemiology, malacology, risk factors, and community
awareness of S. mansoni in Haradenaba and Dertoramis
kebeles in the Bedeno district, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1011 study participants in 413
systematically selected households from Haradenaba and Dertoramis kebeles
from 30 June 2016 to 30 July 2017. Data were collected by using pretested,
structured questionnaires, clinical examinations, and stool examinations.
Stool samples were processed by the Kato-Katz method and examined
microscopically. Snails were collected by scooping from water contact
points. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 16 statistical software. Result: The overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 35.7%.
Heavy-intensity infection was detected in 8.9% of the study participants.
Results included: participants who were unaware about the possible source of
infection (adjusted odds ratio: 2.95; 95% confidence interval: 1.25, 7.95),
modes of transmission (adjusted odds ratio: 5.51; 95% confidence interval:
3.52, 12.51), prevention (adjusted odds ratio: 4.01; 95% confidence
interval: 2.00, 8.75) about schistosomiasis/bilharziasis were more likely
infected with S. mansoni than those who were aware.
Participants who swim or bathe in the river were more likely infected with
S. mansoni than those who do not (adjusted odds ratio:
6.41; 95% confidence interval: 3.15, 11.25). Biomphalaria
pfeifferi snails were collected from all water bodies in
Haradenaba and Dertoramis, but they did not shed schistosome cercaria in the
laboratory. Conclusion: S. mansoni infection is found in high magnitude in these
study areas, despite not being previously reported. A majority of the study
participants had low awareness about the source of infection, mode of
transmission, and prevention methods of schistosomiasis. Efforts should be
made to improve community awareness about transmission and prevention of
schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemal Mohammed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Weldegebreal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Teklemariam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Mitiku
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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David CM, O'Neal KS, Miller MJ, Johnson JL, Lloyd AE. A literacy-sensitive approach to improving antibiotic understanding in a community-based setting. Int J Pharm Pract 2017; 25:394-398. [PMID: 28097747 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antibiotic misuse contributes to antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Patient and prescriber knowledge and behaviors influence antibiotic use. Past research has focused on describing and influencing prescriber behavior with less attention to the patient role in antibiotic use. This study seeks to: (1) develop and deploy a program to enhance patient knowledge about antibiotic use; (2) evaluate whether providing patient education is associated with improvements in antibiotic knowledge in a community-based sample; and (3) explore whether health literacy may be associated with knowledge of appropriate antibiotic use. METHOD This study developed, deployed, and evaluated whether community-based educational seminars enhance patient knowledge about antibiotic use. KEY FINDINGS Twenty-eight participants from five locations completed the seminar. The antibiotic knowledge index score significantly increased by 2.0 points on the 14 point knowledge index from 10.95 (±2.88) to 12.95 (±1.72) (P = 0.0011) for the 19 participants completing both the pre and post-test. CONCLUSION A community-based educational seminar on appropriate antibiotic use can effectively increase patient understanding of their role in antibiotic stewardship and combat the inappropriate use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M David
- Clinical Medicine Infectious Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Katherine S O'Neal
- School of Community Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Michael J Miller
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Community Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jeremy L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Ann E Lloyd
- Saint Francis Health System, College of Pharmacy, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Panatto D, Domnich A, Gasparini R, Bonanni P, Icardi G, Amicizia D, Arata L, Bragazzi NL, Signori A, Landa P, Bechini A, Boccalini S. Development and preliminary data on the use of a mobile app specifically designed to increase community awareness of invasive pneumococcal disease and its prevention. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1080-4. [PMID: 26795065 PMCID: PMC4962929 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the growing use and great potential of mobile apps, this project aimed to develop and implement a user-friendly app to increase laypeople's knowledge and awareness of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Despite the heavy burden of IPD, the documented low awareness of IPD among both laypeople and healthcare professionals and far from optimal pneumococcal vaccination coverage, no app specifically targeting IPD has been developed so far. The app was designed to be maximally functional and conceived in accordance with user-centered design. Its content, layout and usability were discussed and formally tested during several workshops that involved the principal stakeholders, including experts in IPD and information technology and potential end-users. Following several workshops, it was decided that, in order to make the app more interactive, its core should be a personal “checker” of the risk of contracting IPD and a user-friendly risk-communication strategy. The checker was populated with risk factors identified through both Italian and international official guidelines. Formal evaluation of the app revealed its good readability and usability properties. A sister web site with the same content was created to achieve higher population exposure. Seven months after being launched in a price- and registration-free modality, the app, named “Pneumo Rischio,” averaged 20.9 new users/day and 1.3 sessions/user. The first in-field results suggest that “Pneumo Rischio” is a promising tool for increasing the population's awareness of IPD and its prevention through a user-friendly risk checker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Panatto
- a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Alexander Domnich
- a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Roberto Gasparini
- a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Paolo Bonanni
- b Department of Health Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Daniela Amicizia
- a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Lucia Arata
- a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | | | - Alessio Signori
- a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Paolo Landa
- c Department of Economics , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Angela Bechini
- b Department of Health Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Sara Boccalini
- b Department of Health Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
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