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de la Rosa PA, Cowden RG, Bulbulia JA, Sibley CG, VanderWeele TJ. Effects of Screen-Based Leisure Time on 24 Subsequent Health and Wellbeing Outcomes: A Longitudinal Outcome-Wide Analysis. Int J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s12529-024-10307-0. [PMID: 39026119 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-024-10307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown that screen-based leisure time is related to physical and mental health, relationships, and prosocial behaviors. However, it remains unclear whether screen-based leisure time causally affects wellbeing, as previous studies have relied on cross-sectional data, focused on one type of media use (e.g., social media, video games, or internet), or assessed a narrow set of outcomes. METHOD We used three waves (2016, 2017, 2019) of national longitudinal data from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study to investigate the effects of screen-based leisure time on 24 parameters of wellbeing (n = 11,085). We operationalized screen-based leisure as the sum of time spent browsing the internet, using social media, watching/reading the news, watching videos, and playing video games. We followed the outcome-wide analytic design for observational data by performing a series of multivariable regression models estimating the effect of screen-based leisure time on 24 wellbeing outcomes and assessed potential unmeasured confounding using sensitivity analyses. RESULTS In our primary analysis with the total sample, total screen-based leisure time was associated with a very modest decrease in body satisfaction and a very modest increase in body mass index. Possible evidence of associations was found with increases in number of hours spent exercising and volunteering each week, as well as decreases in number of average daily hours of sleep, self-control, and subjective health. CONCLUSION Screen-based leisure time has the potential to affect health and wellbeing. Results are discussed in light of the high prevalence of screen-based leisure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A de la Rosa
- Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra, Campus Universidad de Navarra, sin número, 31009, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Richard G Cowden
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Joseph A Bulbulia
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Chris G Sibley
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tyler J VanderWeele
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
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Sedentary Behaviors and Health Outcomes among Young Adults: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081480. [PMID: 36011137 PMCID: PMC9408295 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to review and provide an informative synthesis of the findings from longitudinal studies that describe the relationship between sedentary behavior and various health outcomes among young adults. Methods: A literature search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for articles that examined the association between sedentary behavior and health outcomes among young adults aged 18–34 years. Two reviewers independently examined the articles and performed data extraction and quality assessment. The level of evidence was determined using the best-evidence synthesis. Results: A total of 34 studies were included in the analysis, 18 of which were high-quality studies. On the basis of inconsistency in the findings among studies, insufficient evidence was concluded for sedentary behavior and adiposity indicators, physical fitness, metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors, cognitive function, and mood disorders. Based on one high-quality study, moderate evidence for a negative relationship between sedentary behavior and physical fitness was observed. Conclusions: Given the trend toward increased time in sedentary behaviors and the inconsistent current findings, additional longitudinal studies of high methodologic quality are recommended to clarify the relationships between sedentary behavior and health outcomes among young adults.
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van Meer F, de Vos F, Hermans RCJ, Peeters PA, van Dillen LF. Daily distracted consumption patterns and their relationship with BMI. Appetite 2022; 176:106136. [PMID: 35697153 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity has heightened the need for a better understanding of obesity-related eating patterns and dietary behaviours. Recent work suggests that distracted eating is causally related to increased immediate and later food, pushing the need for a better understanding of the prevalence of distracted consumption and how this relates to body weight. To extract insights in the relationship between demographics, daily consumption settings, and BMI, we performed secondary data analyses on data from 1011 individuals representative of the Dutch population (adults, 507F, BMI 17-50 kg/m2). The most commonly reported distractions were talking to others (32.7%) and watching television (21.7%). Only 18.4% of respondents reported no distractions during meals. To examine how different distractions related to BMI, we performed OLS regression which showed, among other things, that watching tv while eating lunch (η2 = 0.37) and working during dinner were associated with a higher BMI (η2 = 1.63). To examine the robustness of these findings, machine learning techniques were used. A random forest analysis (RMSE = 4.09) showed that next to age and education level, distraction during lunch and snack was amongst the largest predictors of BMI. Multiple linear regression with lasso penalty (RMSE = 4.13) showed that specifically watching tv while eating lunch or snacks was associated with a higher BMI. In conclusion, our analyses confirmed the assumption that people are regularly distracted during their daily meals, with distinct distractors relating to BMI. These findings provide a starting point for evidence-based recommendations on which consumption settings are associated with healthier eating patterns and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor van Meer
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
| | - Frank de Vos
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Roel C J Hermans
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lotte F van Dillen
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Knowledge Centre Psychology and Economic Behaviour, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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Associations of changes in physical activity and discretionary screen time with incident obesity and adiposity changes: longitudinal findings from the UK Biobank. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:597-604. [PMID: 34853431 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) and discretionary screen time (DST; television and computer use during leisure) are both associated with obesity risk, but little longitudinal evidence exists on their combined influence. This study examined the independent and joint associations of changes in PA and DST with incident obesity, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). METHODS We analysed the data of individuals aged 40-69 years from the UK Biobank, a large-scale, population-based prospective cohort study. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and DST was defined as the total of daily TV viewing and non-occupational computer use. Changes in PA and DST over time were defined using departure from sex-specific baseline tertiles and categorised as worsened (PA decreased/DST increased), maintained, and improved (PA increased/DST decreased). We then used each exposure change to define a joint PA-DST change variable with nine mutually exclusive groups. We used multivariable adjusted mixed-effects linear and Poisson models to examine the independent and joint associations between PA and DST changes with BMI and WC and incident obesity, respectively. Development of a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 was defined as incident obesity. RESULTS Among 30,735 participants, 1,628 (5.3%) developed incident obesity over a mean follow-up of 6.9 (2.2) years. In the independent association analyses, improving PA (Incident Rate Ratio (IRR) 0.46 (0.38-0.56)) was associated with a lower risk of incident obesity than maintaining PA, maintaining DST, or improving DST. Compared to the referent group (both PA and DST worsened), all other combinations of PA and DST changes were associated with lower incident obesity risk in the joint association analyses. We observed substantial beneficial associations in the improved PA groups, regardless of DST change [e.g., DST worsened (IRR 0.31 (0.21-0.44)), maintained (IRR 0.34 (0.25-0.46)), or improved (IRR 0.35 (0.22-0.56)]. The most pronounced decline in BMI and WC was observed when PA was maintained or improved and DST was maintained. CONCLUSION We found that improved PA had the most pronounced beneficial associations with incident obesity, irrespective of DST changes. Improvements in PA or DST mutually attenuated the deleterious effects of the other behaviour's deterioration.
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Paudel S, Owen AJ, Owen N, Smith BJ. Trends in television viewing and overweight /obesity among Nepalese women: Findings from 2006, 2011 and 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:382-392. [PMID: 34895999 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Associations between overweight/obesity and television (TV) viewing have been identified in high-income countries, but little evidence is available from low- and middle-income countries. This study examined the trends and correlates of television viewing and overweight/obesity among Nepalese women between 2006 and 2016. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the data from 22,161 women aged 15-49 years who took part in Nepal Demographic Health Surveys 2006 (n = 10,115), 2011 (n = 5,881) or 2016 (n = 6,165). Trained staff collected data on TV viewing and sociodemographic attributes from a face-to-face survey while height and weight were measured objectively to determine body mass index. Around 38% of the study participants watched TV at least once a week in 2006, which increased to 49% in 2011 and 46% in 2016. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 8% in 2006 to 14.6% in 2011 and 19.8% in 2016. Compared to those who did not watch TV at all, those watching it at least once a week were at 1.54 (95% CI: 1.02-2.33), 1.79 (95% CI: 1.23-2.60) and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.13-1.88) times higher odds of being overweight/obese in 2006, 2011 and 2016 respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of TV viewing rose among women in Nepal between 2006 and 2016 and was associated with overweight/obesity, which also increased dramatically over this period. Future studies examining the use of multiple screen devices, daily usage duration and content viewed are recommended to understand better the health impacts of transitions to more sedentary living in Nepal and similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Paudel
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Alice J Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Neville Owen
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Ben J Smith
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Jensen ML, Dillman Carpentier FR, Corvalán C, Popkin BM, Evenson KR, Adair L, Taillie LS. Television viewing and using screens while eating: Associations with dietary intake in children and adolescents. Appetite 2022; 168:105670. [PMID: 34478756 PMCID: PMC8671257 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Screen time has been associated with overweight and obesity, as well as with poorer dietary quality. However, the reasons explaining these associations are not well understood. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were [1] to determine the extent of overall TV viewing as well as using screens while eating (e.g., watching TV or using a tablet), [2] to compare food and nutrient consumption of on-versus off-screen eating occasions, and [3] to determine whether TV viewing and using screens while eating is associated with overall dietary intake. Participants were from the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (n = 938, 4-6 y) and the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (n = 752, 12-14 y). Dietary data was collected via one 24-h food recall. For each eating occasion, activity performed during consumption (e.g., watching TV, playing sports) was reported. Weekly TV viewing time was collected via an additional survey instrument. Analyses included multivariable linear and logistic regression. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons examined differences in outcomes by tertiles. Our sample reported a median of 9-13.5 weekly hours of TV viewing and 87.5% reported consuming at least one meal or snack per day while using screens. The median kilocalories contributed by eating during screen use was 387 kcal/d in children and 848 kcal/day in adolescents, which represents 34.7% and 42.3% of daily energy intake, respectively. There were no consistent differences when comparing eating occasions consumed on-screen versus off-screen. Higher weekly TV viewing was associated with elements of a less healthy diet including more sweets and desserts in children, and more sugar sweetened beverages in adolescents. A large percentage of Chilean children and adolescents' daily energy is consumed while using screens. In depth, longitudinal work is needed to understand how screen time eating affects diet quality and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Global Food Research Program, Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; School of Nutrition, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Camila Corvalán
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Macul, Chile
| | - Barry M Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Global Food Research Program, Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Linda Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Global Food Research Program, Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Nieto A, Suhrcke M. The effect of TV viewing on children's obesity risk and mental well-being: Evidence from the UK digital switchover. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 80:102543. [PMID: 34710814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We examine the effect of screen-based activities on obesity and mental well-being for children, using a large survey dataset representative of the UK population and an event study model that exploits exogenous variation in the entry date of the digital television transition in the UK. The digital transition increased the number of available free television channels from 5 to 40, leading to a rise in television viewing time. Our results show that receiving access to digital television signal considerably increases the mental health total difficulties score among children, and that this impact grows over time. We also find suggestive evidence that the digital transition could have increased BMI for children. Underlying the net effects appear to be decreases in participation in social and physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Nieto
- Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER), 11 Porte des Sciences, Esch-sur-Alzette 4366, Luxembourg.
| | - Marc Suhrcke
- Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER), 11 Porte des Sciences, Esch-sur-Alzette 4366, Luxembourg; Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Heslington, York YO105DD, UK
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Sleep-related problems and eating habits during COVID-19 lockdown in a southern Brazilian youth sample. Sleep Med 2021; 85:150-156. [PMID: 34332320 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic has affected children's behaviors and this fact has an effect on their healthy habits, such as sleep and diet. The aim of the current study was to determinate the prevalence of sleep-related problems and its relationship with eating habits in children from the south of Brazil during the pandemic. Parents/legal guardians of 3-17 years old participants responded to a online survey distributed using the snowball sampling strategy in Brazil. The survey was conducted in April, 2020. Participants were asked for their sleep duration and sleep-related problems, as well as for their eating habits. Logistic regressions were performed to analyze the relationship between sleep-related problems and eating habits. 495 participants were included in the analysis. 48.8% of participants reported sleep-related problems with 12.3% not meeting the sleep guidelines. Moreover, participants reported eating fruits or vegetables and sweets over four and three per week, respectively. Different associations were found between varibles of sleep and eating habits. Those participants with healthy eating habits showed a lower prevalence of sleep-related problems.
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López-Gil JF, García-Hermoso A, Brazo-Sayavera J, Tárraga López PJ, Yuste Lucas JL. Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Mediator of the Relationship of Recreational Screen Time on Mediterranean Diet Score in Schoolchildren. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4490. [PMID: 33922666 PMCID: PMC8122944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet as well as lower recreational screen time. Similarly, higher screen time has been negatively linked to a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet. However, the mediator effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on the influence of screen time on adherence to the Mediterranean diet is still unknown. The aim of this study was two-fold: first, to assess the combined association of recreational screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness with adherence to Mediterranean diet among Spanish schoolchildren, and second, to elucidate whether the association between recreational screen time and adherence to the Mediterranean diet is mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 370 schoolchildren aged 6-13 years from six schools in the Region of Murcia (Spain) were included. RESULTS The mediation analysis showed that once screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness were included together in the model, cardiorespiratory fitness was positively linked to adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p = 0.020) and although screen time remained negatively related to adherence to the Mediterranean diet, this association was slightly attenuated (indirect effect = -0.027; 95% CI = (-0.080, -0.002)). CONCLUSIONS This research supports that cardiorespiratory fitness may reduce the negative association between screen time and Mediterranean dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Murcia (UM), 30720 San Javier, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 71783-5, Chile
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), 41013 Seville, Spain;
- PDU EFISAL, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), 40000 Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Pedro Juan Tárraga López
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Juan Luis Yuste Lucas
- Departamento de Expresión Plástica, Musical y Dinámica, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Murcia (UM), 30100 Murcia, Spain;
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Bejarano CM, Carlson JA, Conway TL, Saelens BE, Glanz K, Couch SC, Cain KL, Sallis JF. Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Diet as Mediators of the Association Between TV Time and BMI in Youth. Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:613-623. [PMID: 33423502 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120984943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined dietary indicators, sedentary time, and physical activity as potential mediators of the association between TV time and BMIz in youth. DESIGN Cross-sectional study in 2 independent samples of youth. SETTING Data collection occurred by mail and telephone for adolescents and either at home or in medical settings for children. SAMPLE 928 youth ages 12-16 and 756 youth ages 6-12 and a parent. MEASURES TV time, snacking/eating while watching TV, and a 3-day dietary recall were assessed via child/parent report. Physical activity and sedentary time were assessed by accelerometer wear. ANALYSIS Direct and indirect associations (through 8 diet and activity variables) of TV time with BMIz were tested in boys and girls in each sample. RESULTS TV time had a positive association with BMIz in 6-12 year old boys and girls. Direct associations emerged between TV time and the diet/activity variables, and between diet/activity variables and BMIz. Snacking/eating while watching TV had a significant positive association with BMIz in younger boys and mediated the association between TV time and BMIz (β = .06, p = .019; 25% attenuation). CONCLUSIONS Snacking/eating while watching TV may be a possible reason TV time is consistently associated with obesity in youth. Targeting reductions in TV time and associated snacking could improve health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Bejarano
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, 4202University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, 4204Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jordan A Carlson
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, 4204Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Terry L Conway
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, 8784University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brian E Saelens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington & 7274Seattle Children's Research Institute', Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen Glanz
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah C Couch
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 212546University of Cincinnati, College of Allied Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelli L Cain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, 8784University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James F Sallis
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, 8784University of California San Diego, CA, USA
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Leisure Sedentary Behavior Levels and Meeting Program Goals in a Community Lifestyle Intervention for Diabetes Prevention. J Phys Act Health 2020; 18:44-51. [PMID: 33361473 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of leisure sedentary behavior (LSB) change in diabetes prevention efforts is not well known. This study examines the relationships between changes in self-reported LSB and the primary intervention goals (weight and moderate-intensity to vigorous-intensity physical activity [MVPA]) during a community-based translation of the Diabetes Prevention Program (the Group Lifestyle Balance Program). METHODS A total of 322 adults at risk for type 2 diabetes were recruited from 3 community centers, a worksite, and military site. Community and worksite participants were randomized to immediate or delayed-delivery (control) intervention. All military site participants (n = 99) received immediate intervention. Logistic and linear generalized estimating equations were used to determine associations between LSB changes and weight-related outcomes and MVPA. RESULTS Results were obtained for 259 (80.4%) participants. The LSB decreased after 6 and 12 months (mean [95% confidence interval]: -25.7 [-38.6 to -12.8] and -16.1 [-28.2 to -3.9] min/d; both P < .05). Each 20-minute reduction in LSB was associated with a 5% increase in odds of meeting the weight-loss goal (6 mo: odds ratio = 1.05 [1.002 to 1.102]; P = .042; adjusted model including MVPA), but LSB was not related to changes in reported MVPA minutes or MVPA goal achievement. CONCLUSION Within the context of existing lifestyle intervention programs, reducing sedentary behavior has the potential to contribute to weight loss separately from reported MVPA improvement.
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Górnicka M, Drywień ME, Zielinska MA, Hamułka J. Dietary and Lifestyle Changes During COVID-19 and the Subsequent Lockdowns among Polish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey PLifeCOVID-19 Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2324. [PMID: 32756458 PMCID: PMC7468840 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify patterns of dietary changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associations with sociodemographics, body mass index (BMI) before pandemic, and lifestyle changes in Polish adults and to examine the effects of lockdowns on dietary-lifestyle changes. This study used a cross-sectional online survey to collect data. The k-means algorithm was used to determine of patterns of dietary changes, and logistic regression analyses were performed. During the study period, 43% of respondents decreased physical activity (PA), 49%-increased screen time, and 34%-increased food consumption. Among the three dietary changes patterns, two opposite patterns were found: Prohealthy (28% participants) and Unhealthy (19% participants).The adherence to the Prohealthy pattern was negatively associated with age, but positively with being overweight (aOR 1.31) or obese before pandemic (aOR 1.64). Residing in a macroeconomic region with GDP > 100% decreased adherence to the Prohealthy (aOR 0.73) but increased adherence to the Unhealthy pattern (aOR 1.47). Adults over 40 years old, those living with children, unemployed, those living in a region with a higher GDP, and those not consuming homemade meals could be more exposed to unhealthy behaviors. From a public health perspective, enhancing the message "to be active" during the compulsory isolation period should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jadwiga Hamułka
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (M.E.D.); (M.A.Z.)
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Van Dyck D, Cerin E, Akram M, Conway TL, Macfarlane D, Davey R, Sarmiento OL, Christiansen LB, Reis R, Mitas J, Aguinaga-Ontoso I, Salvo D, Sallis JF. Do physical activity and sedentary time mediate the association of the perceived environment with BMI? The IPEN adult study. Health Place 2020; 64:102366. [PMID: 32838889 PMCID: PMC7447836 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The study's main aim was to examine whether adults' accelerometer-based physical activity and sedentary time mediated the associations of neighbourhood physical environmental perceptions with body mass index (BMI) and weight status across 10 high- and middle-income countries. Data from the IPEN Adult study, an observational multi-country study (n = 5712) were used. Results showed that sedentary time was a non-significant or inconsistent mediator in all models. MVPA mediated the associations of street connectivity, land use mix-diversity, infrastructure/safety for walking and aesthetics with BMI in single models. In the multiple model, MVPA only fully mediated the relation between land use mix-diversity and BMI. This finding was replicated in the models with weight status as outcome. MVPA partially mediated associations of composite environmental variables with weight status. So, although MVPA mediated some associations, future comprehensive studies are needed to determine other mechanisms that could explain the relation between the physical environment and weight outcomes. Food intake, food accessibility and the home environment may be important variables to consider. Based on the consistency of results across study sites, global advocacy for policies supporting more walkable neighbourhoods should seek to optimize land-use-mix when designing and re-designing cities or towns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfien Van Dyck
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terry L Conway
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Duncan Macfarlane
- Centre for Sports and Exercise, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rachel Davey
- Centre for Research & Action in Public Health, Health Research Institute, University Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Lars Breum Christiansen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo Reis
- Graduate Program in Urban Management, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná; (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil; Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Josef Mitas
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ines Aguinaga-Ontoso
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Navarra, Spain
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James F Sallis
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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14
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McNaughton SA, Pendergast FJ, Worsley A, Leech RM. Eating occasion situational factors and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in young adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:71. [PMID: 32493366 PMCID: PMC7271392 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Young adulthood represents an influential transitional period marked by poor dietary habits and excess weight gain. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are a major source of excess caloric intake among young adults, yet little is known about the correlates of SSB consumption. This study examines the individual and situational correlates of SSB consumption, using real-time assessment of Australian young adults’ eating occasions. Methods Dietary, sociodemographic and health behaviour data were collected during the Measuring EAting in Everyday Life (MEALS) study (n = 675 adults, 18–30 y). Participants reported all foods and beverages consumed over 3–4 non-consecutive days using a real-time Smartphone food diary application (“FoodNow”). For every eating occasion, food and beverage intake was recorded along with situational characteristics (eating location, purchase location, presence of others and activities while eating). A beverage occasion was defined as any eating occasion where a beverage was consumed and a SSB occasion was defined as any eating occasion where a SSB was consumed. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine individual and situational characteristics with SSB intake at beverage occasions (i.e. factors associated with choosing a SSB over other non-alcoholic beverages) and to examine factors associated with consuming a SSB at any occasion where food and/or beverages were consumed. Results Thirty-five percent of participants consumed SSBs during the recording period (n = 237). Of the 2185 beverage eating occasions reported by SSB consumers, 481 (20%) contained a SSB. SSB were rarely consumed on their own (i.e. other foods were present). Having a lower than tertiary education (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.53 [1.16, 2.01]; p < 0.01); eating in a café/restaurant, compared to at home (3.02 [1.58, 5.78]; p < 0.001), and purchasing beverages from a convenience outlet, compared to a supermarket/grocery store (4.58 [2.85, 7.38]; p < 0.001) were associated with SSB intake at beverage eating occasions. Similar associations were also found when all food and/or beverage eating occasions were examined. Conclusion In this study, SSB were often consumed with other foods and intake was associated with individual and situational factors. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore how SSB are consumed in relation to their accompanying foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A McNaughton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Felicity J Pendergast
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anthony Worsley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Leech
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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15
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Christofoletti M, Del Duca GF, da Silva KS, Meneghini V, Malta DDC. Physical inactivity, television time and chronic diseases in Brazilian adults and older adults. Health Promot Int 2020; 35:352-361. [PMID: 31220247 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between simultaneity of leisure-time physical inactivity and high television time with the presence of chronic diseases in adults and older adults in Brazil. We analyzed secondary data from Vigitel 2013 database, a cross-sectional national survey. It was included 37 947 adults (18-59 years) and 14 982 older adults (≥60 years) living in Brazilian state capitals. The association was between simultaneity of risk behaviors considering leisure-time physical inactivity (<10 min/day) and high television time (≥2 h/day), with the presence of chronic diseases (diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity), measured according to the age group. We performed a binary logistic regression, crude and adjusted analysis, using weighted to reflect population estimates. In adults, there was an association between leisure-time physical inactivity and television time with the presence of diseases. In practice, the simultaneity of risk behaviors when compared with those without risk behavior had higher odds for diabetes (OR = 1.83), dyslipidemia (OR = 1.17), hypertension (OR = 1.54) and obesity (OR = 1.60). In older adults, the simultaneity was associated with diabetes (OR = 1.61), hypertension (OR = 1.33) and obesity (OR = 1.81). We concluded that for adults and older adults the simultaneity of leisure-time physical inactivity and high television time increased the odds for the presence of chronic disease, especially for diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Christofoletti
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Giovani Firpo Del Duca
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Kelly Samara da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Vandrize Meneghini
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Deborah de Carvalho Malta
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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16
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Shin J. Joint Association of Screen Time and Physical Activity with Obesity: Findings from the Korea Media Panel Study. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018; 9:207-212. [PMID: 30159227 PMCID: PMC6110323 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There is evidence to suggest that sedentary behavior is associated with a higher risk of metabolic disease. The aim of this study was to investigate cross-sectional joint associations of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST), with the risk of obesity in Korean adults. Methods The Korea Media Panel Study consisted of a household interview and a self-administered diary survey on media usage over 3 days. ST (hours/day) was defined as the reported daily average hours spent watching television, computing (i.e., desktop, notebook, netbook, tablets), smartphone and video game console use. Cross-sectional associations of obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and the amount of daily ST and PA were examined by logistic regression models adjusting for other possible confounders including alcohol consumption, smoking, depressive symptoms and demographic information. There were 7,808 participants included in the analyses. Results Increased ST was significantly associated with the risk of obesity (controlling for other possible confounders), but PA level was not found to be significantly linked. Participants who engaged in screen time > 6 hours per day had a higher incidence of obesity. Conclusion This study provides evidence of the association between ST and the increased incidence of obesity measured by BMI, independent of PA amongst Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyung Shin
- Department of ICT Statistics Research, Korea Information Society Development Institute, Jincheon, Korea
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