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Yari-Boroujeni R, Cheraghi L, Masihay-Akbar H, Azizi F, Amiri P. Cardiometabolic Profile in Young Adults With Diverse Cigarette Smoking Histories: A Longitudinal Study From Adolescence. J Am Heart Assoc 2024:e032603. [PMID: 38842270 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the first time, the present study investigated smoking trajectory and cardiometabolic profile from adolescence to young adulthood in a middle-income developing country facing a high prevalence of smoking and cardiovascular disease-related outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS Data on 1082 adolescents (12-18 years of age) who participated in the TLGS (Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study) were gathered, and participants were followed for a median of 12.5 years (baseline: 1999-2002, last follow-up: 2014-2017). Participants were categorized as non/rare smokers, experimenters, and escalators using group-based trajectory models. Statistical analysis was used to compare the trajectory groups' cardiometabolic components, clinical characteristics, and cardiometabolic changes due to the individuals' placement in experimenter and escalator groups compared with non/rare smokers. The smoking trajectory groups in young adulthood differ significantly in blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, waist circumference, and body mass index, with the escalator group having the highest risk values for each component. Significant differences were observed in blood pressure (P=0.014), triglycerides (P<0.001), and waist circumference (P<0.001) status after using clinical cut points. The adjusted linear regression revealed that the escalator group had 3.16 mm Hg-lower systolic blood pressure SBP (P=0.016), 2.69 mm Hg-lower diastolic blood pressure (P=0.011), and 4.42 mg/dL-lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.002), compared with the non/rare smoker group. CONCLUSIONS Despite elevated risks in unadjusted analyses for all cardiometabolic components among smokers, our study identified a modest protective link between early smoking and blood pressure in addition to a remarkable harmful association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels exclusively in the escalator group during the developmental stage to young adulthood, using adjusted analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Yari-Boroujeni
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Leila Cheraghi
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hasti Masihay-Akbar
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Londani M, Oladimeji O. Tobacco use and behaviour among South African adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079657. [PMID: 38413155 PMCID: PMC10900320 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco use, particularly the initiation of smoking during adolescence and young adulthood, represents a significant public health concern in South Africa. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive review of published literature about tobacco use and behaviour among adolescents and young adults and to determine an aggregated prevalence estimate of tobacco use within this demographic. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched from 1 January 2000 through 31 October 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were cross-sectional studies conducted in South Africa and measured the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among adolescents and young adults aged 12-24 years. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers independently extracted information for each article and saved it into an Excel spreadsheet. Risk of bias analysis was conducted using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for non-randomised studies. The methodology quality of each selected study was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. The heterogeneity of prevalence estimates was assessed using I2 statistic (random-effects DerSimonian-Laid approach). RESULTS Out of 73 articles identified, 12 articles were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of current tobacco use among South African adolescents and young adults was estimated to be 22%. The pooled prevalence of tobacco use among school dropouts, university students and secondary school learners was 51%, 20% and 16%, respectively. Stratifying using gender, boys (26%) were two times more likely to use tobacco than girls (13%). CONCLUSION The elevated occurrence of tobacco usage among South African adolescents and young adults is a relevant public health concern. There is a need for more population-based prevalence studies at a national level to estimate the burden of tobacco use in South Africa. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023428369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhethwa Londani
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Olanrewaju Oladimeji
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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Londani M, Oladimeji O. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cigarette Smoking among South African Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:85. [PMID: 37736968 PMCID: PMC10514879 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use, particularly the initiation of smoking during adolescence and young adulthood, represents a significant public health concern in South Africa. The influence of socio-cultural factors, marketing strategies of the tobacco industry, and accessibility of tobacco products have all been implicated in this context. This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol aims to scrutinise the body of literature on this issue, providing a comprehensive understanding of the patterns and determinants of tobacco use among South African adolescents and young adults, with an eye towards informing more effective policy interventions. The available literature for studies on tobacco use will be systematically searched and reviewed. Five international scholarly databases, namely PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, and Scopus, will be searched. Peer-reviewed studies will be included if they are conducted in South Africa or South African provinces and if they include the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents and young adults aged between 12 and 24 years. The results of such an analysis can guide future policy designs, enabling them to be more targeted and thus more effective. The findings can also have implications for shaping global tobacco control strategies, given the transferability of successful interventions across different populations and cultural contexts. This protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO database (ID: CRD42023428369).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhethwa Londani
- Department of Public Health, Walter Sisulu University, Eastern Cape, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Olanrewaju Oladimeji
- Department of Public Health, Walter Sisulu University, Eastern Cape, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
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Vakili M, Mirzadeh M, Mirzaei M, Modarresi M, Raei R, Karimi R, Aghakoochak A, Imani AA. Sex differences in high-risk health behaviors among school-going adolescents in Yazd, Iran; a cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16404. [PMID: 37303572 PMCID: PMC10250580 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Adolescents are exposed to a wide range of high-risk health behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the high-risk health behaviors of adolescents in an Iranian adolescent population and gender differences. Method This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited high school students in Yazd city in center of Iran. Schools were randomly selected. In each school, all selected classes were included. Sampling in each class was census. The study investigated self-reported high-risk health behaviors. Students completed the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), an anonymous, validated questionnaire. Results 2420 students participated in this study (52.5% male). The age range was 12-19 years. Daily consumption of ≥1 serving of fruit and vegetables per day was reported by 77.4% and 49.5% of respondents, respectively. Adequate physical activity was reported by only 18.4% of adolescents, and significantly less frequently by girls than boys (p < 0.001). 11.8% were current smokers (M/F ratio: 2.6), and 20.5% (M/F ratio: 1.5) were ever used hookah. The prevalence of ever alcohol and substance abuse was 15.5% and 8.8%, respectively. The prevalence of tobacco and substance use was significantly higher in participants' boys than in girls (p < 0.001). Males were over twice more likely to report frequent fighting in the past 12 months than girls. Overall, girls reported more parental supervision than boys (82.1% vs. 73.4%) and parental monitoring (90.6% vs. 86.8%), while boys reported higher levels of awareness over leisure activities than girls (65.8% vs. 58.4%). Conclusions High-risk health behaviors are more common in boys than girls. Health policymakers should use these results in prioritizing and designing health interventions to promote youth health. Further studies are recommended to identify the factors influencing the prevalence of these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Vakili
- Health Monitoring Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahboobahsadat Mirzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mirzaei
- Accident Prevention and Crisis Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Modarresi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Raei
- Health Monitoring Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Karimi
- Health Monitoring Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Arezoo Aghakoochak
- Health Monitoring Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Shafiee A, Oraii A, Jalali A, Alaeddini F, Saadat S, Masoudkabir F, Tajdini M, Ashraf H, Omidi N, Heidari A, Shamloo AS, Sadeghian S, Boroumand M, Vasheghani-Farahani A, Karimi A, Franco OH. Epidemiology and prevalence of tobacco use in Tehran; a report from the recruitment phase of Tehran cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:740. [PMID: 37085856 PMCID: PMC10122292 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use is a major health concern worldwide, especially in low/middle-income countries. We aimed to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking, waterpipe, and pipe use in Tehran, Iran. METHODS We used data from 8272 participants of the Tehran Cohort Study recruitment phase. Tobacco use was defined as a positive answer to using cigarettes, waterpipes, or pipes. Participants who did not report tobacco use during the interview but had a previous smoking history were categorized as former users. Age- and sex-weighted prevalence rates were calculated based on the national census data, and characteristics of current and former tobacco users were analyzed. RESULTS Age- and sex-weighted prevalence of current tobacco users, cigarette smokers, waterpipe, and pipe users in Tehran was 19.8%, 14.9%, 6.1%, and 0.5%, respectively. Current tobacco use was higher in younger individuals (35-45 years: 23.4% vs. ≥ 75 years: 10.4%, P < 0.001) and men compared to women (32.9% vs. 7.7% P < 0.001). The prevalence of tobacco use increased with more years of education (> 12 years: 19.3% vs. illiterate: 9.7%, P < 0.001), lower body mass index (< 20 kg/m2: 31.3% vs. ≥ 35 kg/m2: 13.8%, P < 0.001), higher physical activity (high: 23.0% vs. low: 16.4%, P < 0.001), opium (user: 66.6% vs. non-user: 16.5%, P < 0.001), and alcohol use (drinker: 57.5% vs. non-drinker: 15.4%, P < 0.001). Waterpipe users were younger (46.1 vs. 53.2 years) and had a narrower gender gap in prevalence than cigarette smokers (male/female ratio in waterpipe users: 2.39 vs. cigarette smokers: 5.47). Opium (OR = 5.557, P < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 4.737, P < 0.001) were strongly associated with tobacco use. Hypertension was negatively associated with tobacco use (OR = 0.774, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION The concerning prevalence of tobacco use in Tehran and its large gender gap for cigarette and waterpipe use warrant tailored preventive policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Shafiee
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Oraii
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Jalali
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farshid Alaeddini
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Saadat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Farzad Masoudkabir
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masih Tajdini
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Ashraf
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Omidi
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Heidari
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sepehri Shamloo
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Saeed Sadeghian
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamamdali Boroumand
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Vasheghani-Farahani
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Karimi
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Abdollahi SZ, Mahmoodabad SSM, Lotfi MH, Ardakani SMY. Development and validation of a questionnaire based on the protection motivation theory to predict cigarette smoking preventive behavior in the Iranian university students. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:12. [PMID: 37034859 PMCID: PMC10079177 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1566_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of smoking is very important at a young age and during the student period. Because of the lack of a questionnaire based on the prevention of smoking behavior, this study was conducted to design and standardize a tool according to the protection motivation theory (PMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an analytical cross-sectional study where information and opinions of experts and then designing tools and assessing the face validity in the first phase and content validity, construct validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of questions in the second phase were examined. The initial themes and structures were determined based on the literature Review and the opinion of experts. Three hundred students of Yazd Universities were selected by cluster sampling and included in the study. All analyses were performed in SPSS and AMOS software version 24 with a significance level of less than 5%. RESULTS The final version of the scale had 39 questions in eight dimensions. The overall Cronbach's alpha value was 0.89, and for each dimension, it was more than 0.7. The content validity ratio and content validity index for the whole tool were 0.87 and 0.94, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the latent construct model had good fit (X2/df = 4.31; RMSEA = 0.07; CFI = 0.94; NFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.91, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, a valid and reliable tool based on PMT to predict smoking behavior in students was introduced. This tool can be used in interventional and etiological studies. It also has questions related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid 19) virus and can be used in the coronavirus pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salime Zare Abdollahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran
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Ji Y, Zhang Y, Yun Q, Chang C. Gender differences in social environmental changes associated with smoking: a cross-sectional study from Chinese internal migrants. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058097. [PMID: 36414285 PMCID: PMC9685270 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify clues for women's tobacco control, this study analyses the gender differences in social environmental changes associated with smoking and the interaction between the environment and individuals' social integration. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional design and secondary analysis were used among Chinese internal migrants. Data were from the 2012 Migrant Dynamics Monitoring Survey in China with participants aged 15-59 years old (75 416 women and 83 140 men) who resided in cities for more than 1 month. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Social environmental changes were measured by differences in smoking prevalence and women's empowerment between the migrant-receiving province (MRP) and migrant-sending province (MSP). Social participation and duration of stay (DOS) were adopted as indicators of social integration. Stratified analysis and binary logistic regression models were used to determine the dependent variable (smoking status) and environmental changes after controlling for age, education, income and happiness. RESULTS Differences in the smoking prevalence environment (lower in MRP, OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.83; higher rate in MRP, OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.37) and women's empowerment (lower rate in MRP, OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.97; higher rate in MRP, OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33) between MRP and MSP were positively correlated with women's smoking. In men, however, migrating to an area with lower smoking prevalence could not reduce smoking risk, whereas moving to an area with higher women's empowerment could. A long DOS was an independent risk factor for smoking in women (ranged from 1.20 to 2.00 in various environmental changes scenarios) but a protective factor for men. An interaction between environmental changes and social integration could not be verified. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco control strategies should consider gender differences, especially women who are experiencing social environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ji
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qingping Yun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Chang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Panahi R, Ghaderi N, Latifi A, Rezaei Z. Prevalence of smoking and its related factors among Iranian adolescents. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2098848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Panahi
- School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Ghaderi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Arman Latifi
- Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Scienses, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Zahed Rezaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
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Jafari A, Peyman N, Gholian-Aval M, Mahdizadeh M, Tehrani H. Design and evaluation of psychometric properties of cigarette smoking tendency questionnaire for female adolescents (CTQFA). BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1746. [PMID: 34563165 PMCID: PMC8465714 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tendency of women to smoke has increased in recent years and the prevalence of smoking among women is increasing. The purpose of this study was to design and evaluation the psychometric properties of the smoking tendency questionnaire for Iranian female adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 604 female adolescents in Iran in 2021. The bank of questions was designed based on the qualitative study concepts and review of the literature. To perform the psychometric evaluation, steps such as face validity (qualitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative) and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis) were performed. The reliability of the instrument was assessed using McDonald’s omega coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results Based on the results of psychometrics (face, content, and construct validity), the number of questions was reduced from 102 to 52, and 50 questions were removed. Finally, a questionnaire with 52 questions and 5 subscales of the tendency to experience smoking (14 items), re-experience smoking (8 items), cigarette dependence (9 items), intention to quit smoking (9 items), and smoking cessation (12 items) was approved. The content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) for all questions were 0.770 and 0.938, respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients for all questions were 0.903 and 0.904, respectively. Conclusion Based on the results of this questionnaire, 52 questions, and 5 subscales can be used to assess the tendency of female adolescents to cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jafari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nooshin Peyman
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholian-Aval
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrsadat Mahdizadeh
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Tehrani
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Jafari A, Rajabi A, Gholian-Aval M, Peyman N, Mahdizadeh M, Tehrani H. National, regional, and global prevalence of cigarette smoking among women/females in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:5. [PMID: 33419408 PMCID: PMC7796590 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic and meta-analysis review aimed to provide an updated estimate of the prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women, in geographic areas worldwide, and demonstrate a trend of the prevalence of smoking over time by using a cumulative meta-analysis. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published on the prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women. We searched PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, and Ovid from January 2010 to April 2020. The reference lists of the studies included in this review were also screened. Data were reviewed and extracted independently by two authors. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women. Sources of heterogeneity among the studies were determined using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Results The pooled prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women was 28% and 17%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of ever cigarette smoking in adolescent girls/students of the school, adult women, pregnant women, and women with the disease was 23%, 27%, 32%, and 38%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of ever cigarette smoking in the continents of Oceania, Asia, Europe, America, and Africa was 36%, 14%, 38%, 31%, and 32%, respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of cigarette smoking among women is very high, which is significant in all subgroups of adolescents, adults, and pregnant women. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement appropriate educational programs for them, especially in schools, to reduce the side effects and prevalence of smoking among women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12199-020-00924-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jafari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolhalim Rajabi
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Health, Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholian-Aval
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nooshin Peyman
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrsadat Mahdizadeh
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Tehrani
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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