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Hadier SG, Liu Y, Long L, Hamdani SMZH, Khurram H, Hamdani SD, Danish SS, Fatima SU. Assessment of physical literacy in 8- to 12-year-old Pakistani school children: reliability and cross-validation of the Canadian assessment of physical literacy-2 (CAPL-2) in South Punjab, Pakistan. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1726. [PMID: 38943131 PMCID: PMC11212239 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of physical inactivity, declining fitness, and rising childhood obesity highlight the importance of physical literacy (PL), as a foundational component for fostering lifelong health and active lifestyle. This recognition necessitates the development of effective tools for PL assessment that are applicable across diverse cultural landscapes. AIM This study aimed to translate the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) into Urdu and adapt it for the Pakistani cultural context, to assess PL among children aged 8-12 years in Pakistan. METHOD The Urdu version of CAPL-2 was administered among 1,360 children aged 8-12 from 87 higher secondary schools across three divisions in South Punjab province, Pakistan. Statistical analysis includes test-retest reliability and construct validity, employing confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the tool's performance both overall and within specific subdomains. RESULTS The Urdu version of CAPL-2 demonstrated strong content validity, with a Content Validity Ratio of 0.89. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor structure proposed by the original developers, evidenced by excellent model fit indices (GFI = 0.984, CFI = 0.979, TLI = 0.969, RMSEA = 0.041). High internal consistency was observed across all domains (α = 0.988 to 0.995), with significant correlations among most, excluding the Knowledge and Understanding domains. Notably, gender and age significantly influenced performance, with boys generally scoring higher than girls, with few exceptions. CONCLUSION This study marks a significant step in the cross-cultural adaptation of PL assessment tools, successfully validating the CAPL-2 Urdu version for the Pakistani context for the first time. The findings affirm the tool's suitability for assessing PL among Pakistani children, evidencing its validity and reliability across the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ghufran Hadier
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Yinghai Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
| | - Liu Long
- Department of Physical Education, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui, 234000, China
| | - Syed Muhammad Zeeshan Haider Hamdani
- Faculty of Social Science, Department of Sports Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60800, Pakistan.
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haris Khurram
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani, Thailand
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Chiniot-Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Danish Hamdani
- School Education Department, Multan, South Punjab, 60800, Pakistan
- Division of Olympic Sports, China Swimming College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaista Shireen Danish
- Department of Sports Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60800, Pakistan
- Division of Sports and Health, School of Sports Science, Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Syeda Urooj Fatima
- Department of Physical Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
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Jeppesen LS, Damsgaard L, Stolpe MN, Melcher JNS, Wienecke J, Nielsen G, Smedegaard S, Henriksen AH, Hansen RA, Hillman CH, Tammelin TH, Resaland GK, Daly-Smith A, Bugge A. Study protocol for the ACTIVE SCHOOL study investigating two different strategies of physical activity to improve academic performance in Schoolchildren. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:174. [PMID: 38461348 PMCID: PMC10924402 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested that school-based physical activity (PA) interventions may have a positive impact on academic performance. However, existing literature on school-based interventions encompasses various forms of PA, spanning from vigorous intensity PA outside the academic classes to light intensity PA and movement integrated into academic learning tasks, and results on academic performance are inconclusive. ACTIVE SCHOOL will implement two different PA interventions for one school year and assess the effects on the pupils' academic performance, with math performance as the primary outcome. METHODS/DESIGN The ACTIVE SCHOOL project consists of two phases: 1) Development phase and 2) Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). In phase one, two interventions were developed in collaboration with school staff. The two interventions were tested in an 8-weeks feasibility study. In phase two, a RCT-study with three arms will be conducted in 9-10-year-old children for one school year. The RCT-study will be carried out in two intervention rounds during the school years 2023/2024 and 2024/2025. Schools will be randomized to one of two interventions or control;1) Run, Jump & Fun intervention (4 × 30 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; 2) Move & Learn intervention (4 × 30 min/week focusing on embodied learning in math and Danish lessons); or 3) a control condition, consisting of normal teaching practices. Outcome measures include academic performance, PA level, cognitive functions, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometry, well-being and school motivation (collected before, during and after the intervention period). A process evaluation will be conducted to assess implementation. DISCUSSION The ACTIVE SCHOOL study will expand knowledge regarding the impact of PA on academic performance. The study will have the potential to significantly contribute to future research, as well as the scientific and educational debate on the best way to implement PA to support education and learning. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on the 25th of October 2022 in ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05602948.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Sohl Jeppesen
- Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Physiotherapy, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Linn Damsgaard
- Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Physiotherapy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene Norup Stolpe
- Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Physiotherapy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob Wienecke
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Glen Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Smedegaard
- Faculty of Teacher Education, UCL University College, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Husted Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ahmt Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Geir K Resaland
- Centre for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrew Daly-Smith
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 IDP, UK
| | - Anna Bugge
- Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Physiotherapy, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Amholt TT, Kurtzhals M, Melby PS, Stage A, Issartel J, O’Brien W, Belton S, Bølling M, Nielsen G, Bentsen P, Elsborg P. Feasibility and acceptability of the Promoting Pupils' Physical Literacy (3PL) intervention and its effectiveness research design: A study protocol. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294916. [PMID: 38181014 PMCID: PMC10769070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that physical activity (PA) is important for health throughout the lifespan. Therefore, it is important that children develop the individual prerequisites that enable participation in PA throughout life. The theoretical concept physical literacy (PL) and the research field of PL has described such personal competences and traits. However, to promote PL among children and lifelong PA, there is a demand for more high-quality interventions to be developed and tested. When targeting children, schools are an important setting. Despite the possibility of promoting PL during PE lessons, few well-tested interventions have been developed. In this study, we therefore aim to context adapt and feasibility test an already existing and promising PL intervention to a Danish school context. The ADAPT and MRC guidelines were followed to adapt the Promoting Pupils Physical Literacy (3PL) intervention. Through workshops with stakeholders, the intervention was adapted to fit Danish 4th and 5th graders. Four Danish schools were recruited in a wait list design. The feasibility and acceptability of both the intervention and the effect study design will be investigated. To investigate the intervention, weekly questionnaires, observations, and interviews will be conducted during the intervention period. The feasibility of the effect study design will be investigated by collecting baseline and endline data on pupils' PL and daily PA as well as parents' socioeconomic status. Expected outcomes include a TIDieR checklist, a revised, feasible, and acceptable intervention, and an effect study design protocol. This will contribute to important steps in the direction of making PL interventions more accessible for practice. Valid testing of intervention effectiveness enables stakeholders to make informed decisions grounded in evidence. This will strengthen the possibilities of a successful outcome and for a PL intervention that is more accessible for practice, which is important for scale up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Toft Amholt
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Kurtzhals
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paulina Sander Melby
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anna Stage
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johann Issartel
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wesley O’Brien
- Physical Education, Sports Studies and Arts Programme, School of Education, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarahjane Belton
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mads Bølling
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Centre for Pedagogy and Bildung, Program on Outdoor Pedagogy, VIA University College, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Glen Nielsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bentsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Elsborg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mendoza-Muñoz M, Carlos-Vivas J, Castillo-Paredes A, Parraca JA, Raimundo A, Alegrete J, Pastor-Cisneros R, Gomez-Galan R. Portuguese translation and validation of the questionnaires from the Canadian Physical Literacy Assessment-2: a pilot study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1244566. [PMID: 38046115 PMCID: PMC10690814 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1244566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Physical literacy assessment is considered a vital resource to decrease the prevalence of sedentary lifestyles and physical inactivity in children and adolescents worldwide. In Portugal, there is no physical literacy assessment tool for children under 15 years old. The main objective of this study was to carry out a translation and cultural adaptation of the Canadian Physical Literacy Assessment 2 (CAPL-2) into Portuguese, as well as to test its psychometric properties, in children between 8 and 12 years of age. Methods The questionnaires included in the CAPL-2 were translated using the translation-back-translation method and adapted to their context. The test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis of the CAPL-2 Portuguese version were analyzed in a sample of 69 and 138 students, respectively, from a school in the Alentejo region (Portugal). Results The Portuguese version of the CAPL-2 questionnaires demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α: 0.713-0.979) and test-retest reliability ranging from moderate to nearly perfect in the motivation and confidence domain and knowledge and comprehension domain (ICC = 0.549-0.932). The results showed a good fit after adjusting for covariation paths (CMIN/DF = 1.382, p = 0.105, RMSEA = 0.053, CFI = 0.971, TLI = 0.955, NFI = 0.907). Conclusion The CAPL-2 version of the questionnaires, translated and adapted to the Portuguese context, demonstrated validity and reliability, making them suitable for assessing physical literacy in children aged 8-12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mendoza-Muñoz
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Physical Activity for Education, Performance and Health (PAEPH) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Antonio Castillo-Paredes
- Grupo Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física (AFySE), Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose A. Parraca
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Armando Raimundo
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Joana Alegrete
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Raquel Pastor-Cisneros
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PheSo), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Gomez-Galan
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), University of Extremadura, Mérida, Spain
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Vuletic PR, Kesic MG, Gilic B, Pehar M, Uzicanin E, Idrizovic K, Sekulic D. Evaluation of Physical Literacy in 9- to 11-Year-Old Children: Reliability and Validity of Two Measurement Tools in Three Southeastern European Countries. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1722. [PMID: 38002813 PMCID: PMC10670011 DOI: 10.3390/children10111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The awareness of the importance of physical literacy (PL) is globally increasing; however, knowledge of the applicability of PL measurement tools in southeastern Europe is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of translated versions of the CAPL-2 and PLAYself questionnaires in 9- to 11-year-old elementary school children from Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. The participants were 303 children (141 girls; all 9 to 11 years of age) from Croatia (n = 71), Bosnia and Herzegovina (n = 162), and Montenegro (n = 70), enrolled in regular elementary school. The participants were tested throughout a test-retest procedure using two PL evaluation tools, i.e., the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (shorter version, CAPL-2) and the Physical Literacy Assessment of Youth (PLAYself) questionnaires. With an intraclass correlation (ICC) of 0.70-0.80 for specific questionnaire subscales and 0.84 for the total score, PLAYself was found to be reliable. With Kappa values of 0.11-0.23 and a percentage of absolute agreement of less than 62%, CAPL-2 appeared to be less reliable. Factors related to sport participation were significantly positively associated with the PLAYself score, indicating its proper validity. In conclusion, we suggest the usage of the PLAYself questionnaire in further studies examining PL in children of a similar age in the region. Future studies in other age groups and languages are also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rajkovic Vuletic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (P.R.V.); (M.G.K.); (B.G.)
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Geets Kesic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (P.R.V.); (M.G.K.); (B.G.)
| | - Barbara Gilic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (P.R.V.); (M.G.K.); (B.G.)
| | - Miran Pehar
- Faculty of Science and Education, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Edin Uzicanin
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Kemal Idrizovic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, 81400 Niksic, Montenegro;
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (P.R.V.); (M.G.K.); (B.G.)
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Barnett LM, Jerebine A, Keegan R, Watson-Mackie K, Arundell L, Ridgers ND, Salmon J, Dudley D. Validity, Reliability, and Feasibility of Physical Literacy Assessments Designed for School Children: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2023; 53:1905-1929. [PMID: 37341907 PMCID: PMC10504218 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the burgeoning researcher and practitioner interest in physical literacy has stimulated new assessment approaches, the optimal tool for assessment among school-aged children remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to: (i) identify assessment instruments designed to measure physical literacy in school-aged children; (ii) map instruments to a holistic construct of physical literacy (as specified by the Australian Physical Literacy Framework); (iii) document the validity and reliability for these instruments; and (iv) assess the feasibility of these instruments for use in school environments. DESIGN This systematic review (registered with PROSPERO on 21 August, 2022) was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. DATA SOURCES Reviews of physical literacy assessments in the past 5 years (2017 +) were initially used to identify relevant assessments. Following that, a search (20 July, 2022) in six databases (CINAHL, ERIC, GlobalHealth, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus) was conducted for assessments that were missed/or published since publication of the reviews. Each step of screening involved evaluation from two authors, with any issues resolved through discussion with a third author. Nine instruments were identified from eight reviews. The database search identified 375 potential papers of which 67 full text papers were screened, resulting in 39 papers relevant to a physical literacy assessment. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA Instruments were classified against the Australian Physical Literacy Framework and needed to have assessed at least three of the Australian Physical Literacy Framework domains (i.e., psychological, social, cognitive, and/or physical). ANALYSES Instruments were assessed for five aspects of validity (test content, response processes, internal structure, relations with other variables, and the consequences of testing). Feasibility in schools was documented according to time, space, equipment, training, and qualifications. RESULTS Assessments with more validity/reliability evidence, according to age, were as follows: for children, the Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire (PL-C Quest) and Passport for Life (PFL). For older children and adolescents, the Canadian Assessment for Physical Literacy (CAPL version 2). For adolescents, the Adolescent Physical Literacy Questionnaire (APLQ) and Portuguese Physical Literacy Assessment Questionnaire (PPLA-Q). Survey-based instruments were appraised to be the most feasible to administer in schools. CONCLUSIONS This review identified optimal physical literacy assessments for children and adolescents based on current validity and reliability data. Instrument validity for specific populations was a clear gap, particularly for children with disability. While survey-based instruments were deemed the most feasible for use in schools, a comprehensive assessment may arguably require objective measures for elements in the physical domain. If a physical literacy assessment in schools is to be performed by teachers, this may require linking physical literacy to the curriculum and developing teachers' skills to develop and assess children's physical literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Barnett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, 3125, Australia.
| | - Alethea Jerebine
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Richard Keegan
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Lauren Arundell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola D Ridgers
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dean Dudley
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Grauduszus M, Wessely S, Klaudius M, Joisten C. Definitions and assessments of physical literacy among children and youth: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1746. [PMID: 37679785 PMCID: PMC10486121 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the recognised health benefits of physical activity, the physical activity levels of children and adolescents continue to decline. The concept of physical literacy (PL) is a promising holistic approach to physical activity promotion that addresses affective and cognitive domains in addition to physical and motor domains. In Germany, however, no uniform or widely used method exists for assessing PL in children. This research was conducted to compile information on international PL assessment systems for children and adolescents (up to 18 years of age), including their underlying definitions, structural designs and development processes, for the purpose of developing such a tool in Germany. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus database entries. The initial search was conducted in July 2022, with a follow-up search performed in May 2023. Articles that operationalised the construct of PL and at least two of the three domains were identified and included. The procedure and assessment tools used to evaluate the individual domains and the overall PL construct were extracted from all selected articles. RESULTS A total of 882 articles were identified; five were added after a manual search. After duplicates were removed, 563 articles were screened by title and abstract, and 40 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. In a review of these articles, 23 different assessment procedures were identified. Eight assessment procedures included PL as a superordinate construct. Twenty-two of the 23 procedures assessed the affective and physical domains, only 14 assessed the cognitive domain. CONCLUSION Approximately half of the identified PL assessment systems addressed all three domains. Motor performance was most frequently integrated into the test procedures. Future developments in Germany should integrate all domains in the assessment to produce a holistic conceptualisation as the basis for appropriate funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grauduszus
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, Cologne, 50933, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Wessely
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Marlen Klaudius
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Christine Joisten
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, Cologne, 50933, Germany
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Mendoza-Muñoz M, Carlos-Vivas J, Castillo-Paredes A, Kim Wai Sum R, Rojo-Ramos J, Pastor-Cisneros R. Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument-Spanish Version (PPLI-Sp) for Adults. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:455-464. [PMID: 37711722 PMCID: PMC10499136 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
To translate and culturally adapt the Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI) questionnaire, as well as to evaluate the factor structure. A single-measure cross-sectional study was conducted. For the first phase of the study, a translation and cultural adaptation of the PPLI questionnaire was carried out, as well as an interview, with the aim of assessing the understanding of the instrument. In the second part of the study, exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factorial analyses were conducted. A total of 213 Spanish adults with a mean age of 27.40 (10.58) participated. EFA was performed because of the good results offered by the sampling adequacy indices (Bartlett test = 1081.848; df = 153; p < 0.001; and KMO test = 0.825). The factor solution comprised three correlated factors:1) physical competence, 2) motivation and confidence, and 3) knowledge and understanding. After the EFA, items 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 17 were excluded. Therefore, through CFA, a factor structure of 9 items grouped into three dimensions was extracted. The PPLI-Sp version for adults, obtained from the back-translation process as well as after individual interviews, proved to be valid and reliable after the EFA and CFA analyses, obtaining an instrument of nine items, divided into three dimensions. This instrument can be used to determine the perception of physical literacy among different Spanish adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mendoza-Muñoz
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Physical Activity for Education, Performance and Health (PAEPH) Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Education and Psicology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Antonio Castillo-Paredes
- Grupo Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física (AFySE), Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raymond Kim Wai Sum
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jorge Rojo-Ramos
- Physical Activity for Education, Performance and Health (PAEPH) Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Raquel Pastor-Cisneros
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PheSo), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Calzada-Rodríguez JI, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Pastor-Cisneros R, Barrios-Fernandez S, Carlos-Vivas J, Gómez-Galán R, Muñoz-Bermejo L. Effects of a 4-Week After-School Physical Literacy Program on Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptomatology in Schoolchildren with ADHD: A Study Protocol. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2113. [PMID: 37510554 PMCID: PMC10379282 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that physical activity programs led to improvements in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, no study evaluating the impact of a physical literacy (PL) program has been conducted. This study aims to examine PL and the effects of an after-school PL program on Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and ADHD symptomatology including quality and sustained attention. A parallel-group randomised controlled trial will be conducted assessing PL, HRQoL and ADHD symptomatology, both at the beginning and the end of the PL after-school program implementation. The program will last 4 weeks, including two sessions per week lasting 55 min. Sessions will be divided into several parts: greeting (5 min), block I (20 min), block II (20 min) and relaxation and feedback (10 min). Block I will focus on the acquisition of content that contributes to the development of the domains of knowledge and understanding and daily activity; and block II, in addition to favouring physical competence, will seek to improve motivation. If this program proves its effectiveness, it could be an alternative to be included in educational systems, representing a scientific breakthrough regarding physical activity adherence and inactivity-related disease prevention, HRQoL and management of ADHD-associated symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Calzada-Rodríguez
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - María Mendoza-Muñoz
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Raquel Pastor-Cisneros
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
- Occupation, Participation, Sustainability and Quality of Life (Ability Research Group), Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Physical Activity for Education, Performance and Health (PAEPH) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez-Galán
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), University of Extremadura, 06810 Mérida, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz-Bermejo
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University of Extremadura, 06810 Mérida, Spain
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Ryom K, Kirkegaard H, Allender S, Aaby A, Breddam C, Maindal HT, Østergaard JN. Participatory System Dynamics Approach Targeting Childhood Health in a Small Danish Community (Children's Cooperation Denmark): Protocol for a Feasibility Study Design. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e43949. [PMID: 36881457 PMCID: PMC10031447 DOI: 10.2196/43949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving childhood health is complex due to the multifactorial nature and interaction of determinants. Complex problems call for complex intervention thinking, and simple one-size-fits-all solutions do not work to improve childhood health. Early awareness is important, as behavior in childhood often is manifested across adolescence and into adulthood. To facilitate shared understanding of the complex structures and relationships that determine children's health behavior, participatory system approaches in, for example, local communities have shown promising potential. However, such approaches are not used systematically within public health in Denmark, and before being rolled out, they should be tested for their feasibility within this context. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the study design for Children's Cooperation Denmark (Child-COOP) feasibility study that is aiming to examine the feasibility and acceptability of the participatory system approach and the study procedures for a future scale-up controlled trial. METHODS The feasibility study is designed as a process evaluation of the intervention with the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods. A local childhood health profile will provide data for childhood health issues, for example, daily physical activity behavior, sleep patterns, anthropometry, mental health, screen use, parental support, and leisure-time activities. Data at system level are collected to assess development in the community, for example, readiness to change, analysis of social networks with stakeholders, rippled effects mapping, and changes in system map. The setting is a small rural town in Denmark, Havndal, with children as the primary target group. Group model building, a participatory system dynamics method, will be used to engage the community, create consensus on the drivers of childhood health, identify local opportunities, and develop context-specific actions. RESULTS The Child-COOP feasibility study will test the participatory system dynamics approach for intervention and evaluation design and survey objective measures of childhood health behavior and well-being among the ~100 children (6-13 years) attending the local primary school. Community-level data will also be collected. We will assess the contextual factors, implementation of interventions, and mechanisms of impact as part of a process evaluation. Data will be collected at baseline, at 2 years, and 4 years of follow-up. Ethical approval for this study was sought and granted from the Danish Scientific Ethical Committee (1-10-72-283-21). CONCLUSIONS s: The potential of this participatory system dynamics approach includes opportunities for community engagement and local capacity building to improve children's health and health behavior, and this feasibility study holds the potential to prepare an upscaling of the intervention for effectiveness testing. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/43949.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knud Ryom
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Helene Kirkegaard
- Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steven Allender
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna Aaby
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Liu Y, Hadier SG, Liu L, Hamdani SMZH, Hamdani SD, Danish SS, Fatima SU, Guo Y. Assessment of the Relationship between Body Weight Status and Physical Literacy in 8 to 12 Year Old Pakistani School Children: The PAK-IPPL Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020363. [PMID: 36832492 PMCID: PMC9955071 DOI: 10.3390/children10020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Physical literacy (PL) is a multidimensional concept, since it fosters lifetime engagement in physical activities and reduces obesity; however, empirical evidence is lacking to support this association. This study first aimed to establish PL levels stratified by normal weight children and children with overweight and obesity. Furthermore, this study determined a correlation between PL domains and BMI by weight status among South Punjab school children. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1360 (Boys: 675 and Girls: 685) children aged 8 to 12, and was conducted using CAPL-2. T-tests and chi-square were used to determine the difference between categorical variables, with MANOVA used to compare weight statuses. Spearman correlation was employed to determine the correlation between variables; p < 0.05 was considered significant. (3) Results: Normal weight children had significantly higher PL and domain scores, except for the knowledge domain. Most children with normal weights were at the achieving and excelling levels, while children with overweight and obesity were at the beginning and progressing levels. The correlation among PL domains in normal and overweight and obese children ranged from weak to strong (r = 0.001 to 0.737), and the knowledge domain was inversely correlated with the motivation domain (r = -0.023). PL and domain scores were inversely correlated to BMI, except for the knowledge domain. (4) Conclusions: Children with normal weight tend to have higher PL and domain scores, while those with overweight or obesity tend to have lower scores. There was a positive relationship between normal weight and higher PL and domain scores, and an inverse relationship was observed between BMI and higher PL scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghai Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Syed Ghufran Hadier
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Department of Sports Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-301-743-0185
| | - Long Liu
- School of Physical Education, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Syed Muhammad Zeeshan Haider Hamdani
- Department of Sports Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
- Faculty of Sport Science, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Syed Danish Hamdani
- Department of Sports Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Shireen Danish
- School of Sports Sciences, Beijing Sports University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Syeda Urooj Fatima
- Department of Sports Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Physical Education, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Yanlan Guo
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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12
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Mendoza-Muñoz M, Vega-Muñoz A, Carlos-Vivas J, Denche-Zamorano Á, Adsuar JC, Raimundo A, Salazar-Sepúlveda G, Contreras-Barraza N, Muñoz-Urtubia N. The Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Physical Literacy for a Healthy Life. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215211. [PMID: 36429930 PMCID: PMC9690241 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This article empirically provides a global overview of physical literacy, which allows for the understanding of the structure of the epistemic community studying literacy for healthy living. Publications registered in the Web of Science are analyzed using bibliometrics (spatial, productive, and relational) based on data from 391 records, published between 2007 and April 2022, applying five bibliometric laws and using VOSviewer software for data and metadata processing and visualization. In terms of results, we observe an exponential increase in scientific production in the last decade, with a concentration of scientific discussion on physical literacy in seven journals; a production distributed in 46 countries situated on the five continents, but concentrated in Canada and the United States; co-authored research networks composed of 1256 researchers but with a production concentrated of around 2% of these, and an even smaller number of authors with high production and high impact. Finally, there are four thematic blocks that, although interacting, constitute three specific knowledge production communities that have been delineated over time in relation to health and quality of life, fitness and physical competence, education, and fundamental movement skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mendoza-Muñoz
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Vega-Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
- Public Policy Observatory, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSo), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Ángel Denche-Zamorano
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSo), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - José Camelo Adsuar
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSo), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Armando Raimundo
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción 4090940, Chile
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Spanish Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) Questionnaires. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148850. [PMID: 35886701 PMCID: PMC9320479 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the questionnaires belonging to the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) into Spanish and to explore the reliability for its use in children and adolescents aged from 8 to 12 years. Methods: The CAPL-2 questionnaires were translated using the translation–back-translation methodology into Spanish and adapted to the Spanish context. The test–retest reliability and internal consistency of the CAPL-2 questionnaires of this Spanish version were analysed in 57 schoolchildren from a school in the region of Extremadura (Spain). Results: High internal consistency (α = 0.730 to 0.970) and test–retest reliabilities ranging from moderate to almost perfect in the knowledge and understanding domain (ICC = 0.486 to 0.888); from substantial to almost perfect in the motivation and confidence domain (ICC = 0.720 to 0.981); and almost perfect in the daily activity domain (ICC = 0.975) were found. The test–retest correlation was significantly weak to strong (r = 0.266 to 0.815) in both the motivation and confidence and knowledge and understanding domains, except for the third predilection item and the muscular endurance question. Significant test–retest differences were observed in the first intrinsic motivation item (p = 0.027) and the knowledge and understanding domain total score (p = 0.014). Conclusion: The Spanish version of the CAPL-2 questionnaires, translated and adapted to the context, are reliable measurement tools, serving to complete the full adaptation of the CAPL-2 test battery for use in children aged 8 to 12 years.
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Melby PS, Nielsen G, Brønd JC, Tremblay MS, Bentsen P, Elsborg P. Associations between children's physical literacy and well-being: is physical activity a mediator? BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1267. [PMID: 35768864 PMCID: PMC9244357 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical literacy (PL) is a multi-dimensional concept that provides a holistic understanding of movement and physical activity. PL contains an affective, a physical, and a cognitive domain, which together lay the foundation for the individual’s capacity and the tendency for participating in physical activities currently and throughout life. PL is increasingly regarded as a ‘cause of the causes’ to health promotion. Cross-sectional studies have shown associations between children’s PL, physical activity behaviours, and well-being. This study aims to examine the associations between Danish children’s PL and their physical and psychosocial well-being and whether the associations are mediated by moderate- to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). Methods Cross-sectional data from Danish schoolchildren aged 7–13 years were collected in Jan-Dec 2020 in the Danish Assessment of Physical Literacy (DAPL) project. PL was assessed with the DAPL which measures the affective, cognitive, and physical domains of PL. MVPA (min/day) was measured with accelerometers (Axivity), psychosocial well-being was measured with The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and physical well-being was measured with the KIDSCREEN questionnaire. Structural equation models were constructed with PL and MVPA as predictors of physical well-being and four aspects of psychosocial well-being. Results A positive moderate association between PL and physical well-being, partly mediated by MVPA was observed. PL was positively associated with the positive aspects of psychosocial well-being and negatively associated with the negative aspects (behaviour problems). None of the associations between PL and aspects of psychosocial well-being were mediated by MVPA. Conclusions The study contributes to evidence on the link between PL, physical activity, and health outcomes. The study found beneficial relations between PL and physical and psychosocial well-being. MVPA mediated part of the relationship between PL and physical well-being but not psychosocial well-being. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13517-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina S Melby
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, the Capital Region of Denmark, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Glen Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jan Christian Brønd
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Peter Bentsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter Elsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, the Capital Region of Denmark, Herlev, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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15
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Mendoza-Muñoz M, Carlos-Vivas J, Villafaina S, Parraca JA, Vega-Muñoz A, Contreras-Barraza N, Raimundo A. Effects of a Physical Literacy Breaks (PLBreaks) Program on Physical Literacy and Body Composition in Portuguese Schoolchildren: A Study Protocol. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:910. [PMID: 35741431 PMCID: PMC9219803 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Several studies have shown that active breaks have led to different improvements in their participants. However, no studies have assessed how they affect physical literacy (PL). (2) Aims: Therefore, this study will examine the effect of the PLBreaks programme on school children's PL and body composition. (3) Methods: A parallel-group randomised controlled trial will be conducted with assessments of PL (Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy Development) and body composition (height, bodyweight, fat mass and fat-free mass) before and after an active breaks programme. PLBreak programme will run for 3 months and will be carried out 3 days a week for 20 min each day. The PLBreaks programme will consist of two blocks of 10 min of different physical activities (PA). The first block will be focused on the acquisition of knowledge and healthy life habits that will contribute to the development of the domains of knowledge and understanding and daily activity. The second block will be focused on physical competence and motivation throughout games. (4) Conclusions: The present study will investigate the efficacy of PLBreaks in schoolchildren in improving their PL and body composition. If the efficacy of the program is demonstrated, including the programme in public education programmes can be possible. This could be a scientific breakthrough in terms of health-related PA improvement and adherence, as well as the prevention of diseases associated with inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mendoza-Muñoz
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal; (J.A.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Santos Villafaina
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal; (J.A.P.); (A.R.)
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jose A. Parraca
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal; (J.A.P.); (A.R.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Vega-Muñoz
- Public Policy Observatory, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile;
| | | | - Armando Raimundo
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal; (J.A.P.); (A.R.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
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