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Horani A. Deciphering Idiopathic Bronchiectasis One Gene at a Time. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 210:12-13. [PMID: 38717359 PMCID: PMC11197073 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202403-0611ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri
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Motta H, Reuwsaat JCV, Lopes FC, Viezzer G, Volpato FCZ, Barth AL, de Tarso Roth Dalcin P, Staats CC, Vainstein MH, Kmetzsch L. Comparative microbiome analysis in cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Respir Res 2024; 25:211. [PMID: 38762736 PMCID: PMC11102160 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiectasis is a condition characterized by abnormal and irreversible bronchial dilation resulting from lung tissue damage and can be categorized into two main groups: cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB). Both diseases are marked by recurrent infections, inflammatory exacerbations, and lung damage. Given that infections are the primary drivers of disease progression, characterization of the respiratory microbiome can shed light on compositional alterations and susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs in these cases compared to healthy individuals. METHODS To assess the microbiota in the two studied diseases, 35 subjects were recruited, comprising 10 NCFB and 13 CF patients and 12 healthy individuals. Nasopharyngeal swabs and induced sputum were collected, and total DNA was extracted. The DNA was then sequenced by the shotgun method and evaluated using the SqueezeMeta pipeline and R. RESULTS We observed reduced species diversity in both disease cohorts, along with distinct microbial compositions and profiles of antimicrobial resistance genes, compared to healthy individuals. The nasopharynx exhibited a consistent microbiota composition across all cohorts. Enrichment of members of the Burkholderiaceae family and an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the CF cohort emerged as key distinguishing factors compared to NCFB group. Staphylococcus aureus and Prevotella shahii also presented differential abundance in the CF and NCFB cohorts, respectively, in the lower respiratory tract. Considering antimicrobial resistance, a high number of genes related to antibiotic efflux were detected in both disease groups, which correlated with the patient's clinical data. CONCLUSIONS Bronchiectasis is associated with reduced microbial diversity and a shift in microbial and resistome composition compared to healthy subjects. Despite some similarities, CF and NCFB present significant differences in microbiome composition and antimicrobial resistance profiles, suggesting the need for customized management strategies for each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heryk Motta
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Patógenos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Júlia Catarina Vieira Reuwsaat
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Patógenos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cortez Lopes
- Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Graciele Viezzer
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Caroline Zempulski Volpato
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência Bacteriana, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Afonso Luís Barth
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência Bacteriana, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo de Tarso Roth Dalcin
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Charley Christian Staats
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilene Henning Vainstein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Microrganismos de Importância Médica e Biotecnológica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lívia Kmetzsch
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Patógenos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Cheng WC, Chang CL, Sheu CC, Wang PH, Hsieh MH, Chen MT, Ou WF, Wei YF, Yang TM, Lan CC, Wang CY, Lin CB, Lin MS, Wang YT, Lin CH, Liu SF, Cheng MH, Chen YF, Peng CK, Chan MC, Chen CY, Jao LY, Wang YH, Chen CJ, Chen SP, Tsai YH, Cheng SL, Lin HC, Chien JY, Wang HC, Hsu WH. Correlating Reiff scores with clinical, functional, and prognostic factors: characterizing noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis severity: validation from a nationwide multicenter study in Taiwan. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:286. [PMID: 38745338 PMCID: PMC11092240 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aimed to confirm a simplified radiological scoring system, derived from a modified Reiff score, to evaluate its relationship with clinical symptoms and predictive outcomes in Taiwanese patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB). METHODS This extensive multicenter retrospective study, performed in Taiwan, concentrated on patients diagnosed with NCFB verified through high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans. We not only compared the clinical features of various types of bronchiectasis (cylindrical, varicose, and cystic). Furthermore, we established relationships between the severity of clinical factors, including symptom scores, pulmonary function, pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization, exacerbation and admission rates, and HRCT parameters using modified Reiff scores. RESULTS Data from 2,753 patients were classified based on HRCT patterns (cylindrical, varicose, and cystic) and severity, assessed by modified Reiff scores (mild, moderate, and severe). With increasing HRCT severity, a significant correlation was found with decreased forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (p < 0.001), heightened clinical symptoms (p < 0.001), elevated pathogen colonization (pseudomonas aeruginosa) (p < 0.001), and an increased annual hospitalization rate (p < 0.001). In the following multivariate analysis, elderly age, pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia, and hospitalizations per year emerged as the only independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION Based on our large cohort study, the simplified CT scoring system (Reiff score) can serve as a useful adjunct to clinical factors in predicting disease severity and prognosis among Taiwanese patients with NCFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Critical Medical Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ling Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Chyun Sheu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Huai Wang
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Heng Hsieh
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsung Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Ou
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Chin Lan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Bin Lin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shian Lin
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, 613016, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tung Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Chest Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Recreation and Holistic Wellness, MingDao University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Liu
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-LIn, Taiwan
- Thoracic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kan Peng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Planning, Medical Affairs Bureau Ministry of National Defense, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lun-Yu Jao
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jui Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lee's Clinic, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lung Cheng
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chyuan Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yien Chien
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chien Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wu-Huei Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Critical Medical Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Goolam Mahomed A, Maasdorp SD, Barnes R, van Aswegen H, Lupton-Smith A, Allwood B, Calligaro G, Feldman C, Kalla IS. South African Thoracic Society position statement on the management of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in adults: 2023. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med 2023; 29:10.7196/AJTCCM.2023.v29i2.647. [PMID: 37638142 PMCID: PMC10450449 DOI: 10.7196/ajtccm.2023.v29i2.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disorder that affects the lives of many South Africans. Post-tuberculosis (TB) bronchiectasis is an important complication of previous pulmonary TB and a common cause of bronchiectasis in South Africa (SA). No previous statements on the management of bronchiectasis in SA have been published. Objectives To provide a position statement that will act as a template for the management of adult patients with bronchiectasis in SA. Methods The South African Thoracic Society appointed an editorial committee to compile a position statement on the management of adult non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis in SA. Results A position statement addressing the management of non-CF bronchiectasis in adults in SA was compiled. This position statement covers the epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis, investigations and various aspects of management of adult patients with non-CF bronchiectasis in SA. Conclusion Bronchiectasis has largely been a neglected lung condition, but new research has improved the outlook for patients. Collaboration between interprofessional team members in patient management is important. In SA, more research into the epidemiology of bronchiectasis, especially post-TB bronchiectasis and HIV-associated bronchiectasis, is required. Abstract The South African Thoracic Society mandated a multidisciplinary team of healthcare providers to compile a position statement on the management of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in South Africa (SA). International guidelines on the management of bronchiectasis were reviewed and used as a basis from which the current position statement was compiled. This is the first position statement on the management of adult non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in SA. A description of the epidemiology and aetiology of bronchiectasis is provided, as well as guidance on its diagnosis and management. The position statement provides guidance on the management of bronchiectasis to healthcare providers, policymakers and regulatory authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S D Maasdorp
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein,
South Africa
| | - R Barnes
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - H van Aswegen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Lupton-Smith
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Allwood
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Calligaro
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Feldman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - I S Kalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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5
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Xie X, Kong S, Cao W. Targeting protein glycosylation to regulate inflammation in the respiratory tract: novel diagnostic and therapeutic candidates for chronic respiratory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1168023. [PMID: 37256139 PMCID: PMC10225578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1168023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a widespread posttranslational modification that can impact the function of proteins. Dysregulated protein glycosylation has been linked to several diseases, including chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). CRDs pose a significant public health threat globally, affecting the airways and other lung structures. Emerging researches suggest that glycosylation plays a significant role in regulating inflammation associated with CRDs. This review offers an overview of the abnormal glycoenzyme activity and corresponding glycosylation changes involved in various CRDs, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, and lung cancer. Additionally, this review summarizes recent advances in glycomics and glycoproteomics-based protein glycosylation analysis of CRDs. The potential of glycoenzymes and glycoproteins for clinical use in the diagnosis and treatment of CRDs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xie
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Kong
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqian Cao
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mannion JM, McLoughlin RM, Lalor SJ. The Airway Microbiome-IL-17 Axis: a Critical Regulator of Chronic Inflammatory Disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 64:161-178. [PMID: 35275333 PMCID: PMC10017631 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory tract is home to a diverse microbial community whose influence on local and systemic immune responses is only beginning to be appreciated. Increasing reports have linked changes in this microbiome to a range of pulmonary and extrapulmonary disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Central to many of these findings is the role of IL-17-type immunity as an important driver of inflammation. Despite the crucial role played by IL-17-mediated immune responses in protection against infection, overt Th17 cell responses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. However, our knowledge of the influence of bacteria that commonly colonise the respiratory tract on IL-17-driven inflammatory responses remains sparse. In this article, we review the current knowledge on the role of specific members of the airway microbiota in the modulation of IL-17-type immunity and discuss how this line of research may support the testing of susceptible individuals and targeting of inflammation at its earliest stages in the hope of preventing the development of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M Mannion
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel M McLoughlin
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen J Lalor
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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7
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Zhao L, Luo JL, Ali MK, Spiekerkoetter E, Nicolls MR. The Human Respiratory Microbiome: Current Understandings and Future Directions. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:245-255. [PMID: 36476129 PMCID: PMC9989478 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0208tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms colonize the human body. The lungs and respiratory tract, previously believed to be sterile, harbor diverse microbial communities and the genomes of bacteria (bacteriome), viruses (virome), and fungi (mycobiome). Recent advances in amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing technologies and data-analyzing methods have greatly aided the identification and characterization of microbial populations from airways. The respiratory microbiome has been shown to play roles in human health and disease and is an area of rapidly emerging interest in pulmonary medicine. In this review, we provide updated information in the field by focusing on four lung conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We evaluate gut, oral, and upper airway microbiomes and how they contribute to lower airway flora. The discussion is followed by a systematic review of the lower airway microbiome in health and disease. We conclude with promising research avenues and implications for evolving therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and
| | - Jun-Li Luo
- The Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Mohammed Khadem Ali
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and
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Alkarni M, Lipman M, Lowe DM. The roles of neutrophils in non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:14. [PMID: 36800956 PMCID: PMC9938600 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease (NTM-PD) is an increasingly recognised global health issue. Studies have suggested that neutrophils may play an important role in controlling NTM infection and contribute to protective immune responses within the early phase of infection. However, these cells are also adversely associated with disease progression and exacerbation and can contribute to pathology, for example in the development of bronchiectasis. In this review, we discuss the key findings and latest evidence regarding the diverse functions of neutrophils in NTM infection. First, we focus on studies that implicate neutrophils in the early response to NTM infection and the evidence reporting neutrophils' capability to kill NTM. Next, we present an overview of the positive and negative effects that characterise the bidirectional relationship between neutrophils and adaptive immunity. We consider the pathological role of neutrophils in driving the clinical phenotype of NTM-PD including bronchiectasis. Finally, we highlight the current promising treatments in development targeting neutrophils in airways diseases. Clearly, more insights on the roles of neutrophils in NTM-PD are needed in order to inform both preventative strategies and host-directed therapy for these important infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyad Alkarni
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PP UK
| | - Marc Lipman
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M. Lowe
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PP UK
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9
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Gong T, Wang X, Li S, Zhong L, Zhu L, Luo T, Tian D. Global research status and trends of bronchiectasis in children from 2003 to 2022: A 20-year bibliometric analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1095452. [PMID: 36816374 PMCID: PMC9936077 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1095452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to analyze the research hotspots, evolution, and developing trends in pediatric bronchiectasis over the past 20 years using bibliometric analysis and visualization tools to identify potential new research directions. Methods Publications related to bronchiectasis in children were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from 2003 to 2022. Knowledge maps were performed through VOSviewer1.6.18 and CiteSpace6.1 R2. Results A total of 2,133 publications were searched, while only 1,351 original articles written in English between 2003 and 2022 were incorporated. After removing duplicates, we finally included 1,350 articles published by 6,593 authors from 1,865 institutions in 80 countries/regions in 384 different academic journals with an average citation frequency of 24.91 times. The number of publications shows an extremely obvious binomial growth trend. The majority of publications originated from the United States, Australia, and England. The institutes in Australia, especially Charles Darwin University, published the most articles associated with pediatric bronchiectasis. In addition, Pediatric Pulmonology was the most published journal. In terms of authors, Chang AB was the most productive author, while Gangell CL had the highest average citation frequency. The five keywords that have appeared most frequently during the last two decades were "children," "cystic fibrosis," "bronchiectasis," "ct," and "pulmonary-function." According to keyword analysis, early diagnosis and intervention and optimal long-term pediatric-specific management were the most concerned topics for researchers. Conclusion This bibliometric analysis indicates that bronchiectasis in children has drawn increasing attention in the last two decades as its recognition continues to rise, providing scholars in the field with significant information on current topical issues and research frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daiyin Tian
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
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Raj Adhikari B, Sinha S, Lyons N, Pletzer D, Lamont I, Gordon KC, Das SC. Inhalable ceftazidime-roflumilast powder targeting infection and inflammation: Influence of incorporating roflumilast into ceftazidime-leucine co-amorphous formulation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:260-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Inhaled Antibiotics in Non-cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis (NCFB): A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Limitations in Adult Patients. Cureus 2022; 14:e30660. [PMID: 36439573 PMCID: PMC9685586 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis has recently been under the spotlight due to a better detection rate with advanced imaging techniques. Recurrent infections in such patients are the main cause of their deterioration. This invariably leads to a catastrophic wheel of decline in lung function, reinfection, and repeated hospital consultations. The main goal of their management is based on the principles of prevention and vigorous treatment of recurrent infections. This review aimed to gather recent therapeutic options for inhaled antibacterial use in such patients and compare them for their properties of safety and efficacy. Studies done in the last 10 years on adult patients were gathered using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) strategy and later sorted using the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Research engines used include Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Saudi Digital Library. Out of the 31,739 articles identified initially, 1362 were screened. The final eight selected papers were assessed for quality by using the quality assessment checklist, the Cochrane bias assessment tool, the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) tools and cross-examined by co-authors. We concluded that the use of inhaled antibiotics as an adjuvant and follow-up treatment option is associated with better short and long-term prognoses in patients. They lead to lesser systemic side effects than the oral and intravenous varieties available on the market. However, the establishment of a hierarchy among the subgroups remains a grey area that needs further research.
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Schwartz BS, Al-Sayouri SA, Pollak JS, Hirsch AG, Kern R, Tan B, Kato A, Schleimer RP, Peters AT. Strong and consistent associations of precedent chronic rhinosinusitis with risk of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:701-708.e4. [PMID: 35314187 PMCID: PMC9463084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and bronchiectasis commonly co-occur, but most prior studies were not designed to evaluate temporality and causality. OBJECTIVES In a sample representing the general population in 37 counties in Pennsylvania, and thus the full spectrum of sinonasal and relevant lung diseases, we aimed to evaluate the temporality and strength of associations of CRS with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. METHODS We completed case-control analyses for each of 3 primary bronchiectasis case finding methods. We used electronic health records to identify CRS and bronchiectasis with diagnoses, procedure orders, and/or specific text in sinus or chest computerized tomography scan radiology reports. The controls never had any indication of bronchiectasis and were frequency-matched to the 3 bronchiectasis groups on the basis of age, sex, and encounter year. There were 5,329 unique persons with bronchiectasis and 33,363 without bronchiectasis in the 3 analyses. Important co-occurring conditions were identified with diagnoses, medication orders, and encounter types. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations (odds ratios [ORs] and 95% CIs) of CRS with bronchiectasis while adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS In adjusted analyses, CRS was consistently and strongly associated with all 3 bronchiectasis definitions. The strongest associations for CRS (ORs and 95% CIs) were those that were based on the text of sinus computerized tomography scan reports; the associations were generally stronger for CRS without nasal polyps (eg, OR = 4.46 [95% CI = 2.09-9.51] for diagnosis-based bronchiectasis). On average, CRS was identified more than 6 years before bronchiectasis. CONCLUSION Precedent CRS was strongly and consistently associated with increased risk of bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md; Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, Pa.
| | - Saba A Al-Sayouri
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Jonathan S Pollak
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Annemarie G Hirsch
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md; Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, Pa
| | - Robert Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anju T Peters
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
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Migliorisi G, Collura M, Ficili F, Pensabene T, Bongiorno D, Collura A, Di Bernardo F, Stefani S. Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor as a Final Frontier in the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis: Definition of the Clinical and Microbiological Implications in a Case-Control Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050606. [PMID: 35631432 PMCID: PMC9145356 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of modulator drugs that target the Cystic Fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the final frontier in the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis (CF), a genetic multiorgan disease. F508del is the most common mutation causing defective formation and function of CFTR. Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor is the first triple combination of CFTR modulators. Herein, we report on a one-year case-control study that involved 26 patients with at least one F508del mutation. Patients were assigned to two similar groups, and patients with the worse clinical condition received treatment with the triple combination therapy. The study aimed to define the clinical and especially microbiological implications of treatment administration. The treatment provided significant clinical benefits in terms of respiratory, pancreatic, and sweat function. After one year of therapy, airway infection rates decreased and pulmonary exacerbations were dramatically reduced. Finally, treated patients reported a surprising improvement in their quality of life. The use of triple combination therapy has become essential in most CF people carrying the F508del mutation. Although the clinical and instrumental benefits of treatment are thoroughly known, further investigations are needed to properly define its microbiological respiratory implications and establish the real advantage of life-long treatment with elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Migliorisi
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, ARNAS Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (T.P.); (A.C.); (F.D.B.)
| | - Mirella Collura
- Cystic Fibrosis and Respiratory Pediatric Center, Children’s Hospital G. Di Cristina, ARNAS Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesca Ficili
- Cystic Fibrosis and Respiratory Pediatric Center, Children’s Hospital G. Di Cristina, ARNAS Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Tiziana Pensabene
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, ARNAS Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (T.P.); (A.C.); (F.D.B.)
| | - Dafne Bongiorno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonina Collura
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, ARNAS Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (T.P.); (A.C.); (F.D.B.)
| | - Francesca Di Bernardo
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, ARNAS Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (T.P.); (A.C.); (F.D.B.)
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0954781232
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14
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Mycobacterium avium complex infected cells promote growth of the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Pathog 2022; 166:105549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Schwarz C, Taccetti G, Burgel PR, Mulrennan S. Tobramycin safety and efficacy review article. Respir Med 2022; 195:106778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.106778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Brody AS, Huang R, Zhang B, Long FR, Powers SW. Structural lung disease in preschool children with cystic fibrosis: An 18 month natural history study. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:e165-e171. [PMID: 34961706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to describe the natural history of CF lung disease in young children over an 18 month period to assess the use of CT scanning as an outcome measure for intervention trials. METHODS Chest CT scans were obtained at baseline and after 18 months in 42 two- to six-year-old children with CF. CT scans were scored by 2 experienced radiologists for the presence and severity of bronchiectasis, mucous plugging, and air trapping. RESULTS Mean age at baseline 3.5 (1.3) (mean, sd) years. One or more findings of CF lung disease was seen on the first CT in 27 (64%) and at 18 months in 30 (75%). From baseline to 18 months bronchiectasis, mucous plugging, and air trapping increased from 50% to 53%, 14% to 28%, and 48% to 58% respectively. There was marked variability in the rate of progression, with subjects commonly showing improvement in lung disease. Bronchiectasis worsened in 14 (33%) and improved in 13 (31%). Single subjects with F508del/class III and F508del/class V demonstrated greater worsening and improvement respectively than F508del homozygous and class I genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The natural history of CF lung disease over 18 months varies widely between subjects. Factors including genotype may affect natural history as well as the effectiveness of mediators and could be an important confounder if not recognized. These findings suggest that the use of CT scanning as an outcome surrogate for CF lung disease in young children may be more challenging than has been previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Brody
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Rui Huang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Frederick R Long
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and the College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Scott W Powers
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Elborn JS, Flume PA, Van Devanter DR, Procaccianti C. Management of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection with inhaled levofloxacin in people with cystic fibrosis. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:1087-1104. [PMID: 34384254 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
People with cystic fibrosis (CF) are highly susceptible to bacterial infections of the airways. By adulthood, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is the most prevalent infective organism and is difficult to eradicate owing to its adaptation to the CF lung microenvironment. Long-term suppressive treatment with inhaled antimicrobials is the standard care for reducing exacerbation frequency, improving quality of life and increasing measures of lung function. Levofloxacin (a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial) has been approved as an inhaled solution in Europe and Canada, for the treatment of adults with CF with chronic P. aeruginosa pulmonary infections. Here, we review the clinical principles relating to the use of inhaled antimicrobials and inhaled levofloxacin for the management of P. aeruginosa infections in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stuart Elborn
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Patrick A Flume
- Departments of Medicine & Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Donald R Van Devanter
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Crimi C, Campisi R, Nolasco S, Cacopardo G, Intravaia R, Porto M, Impellizzeri P, Pelaia C, Crimi N. Mepolizumab effectiveness in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and co-presence of bronchiectasis: A real-world retrospective pilot study. Respir Med 2021; 185:106491. [PMID: 34098492 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of bronchiectasis (BE) in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) is quite frequent. Mepolizumab is a well-recognized treatment for SEA; we aim to evaluate its effectiveness in SEA patients with and without BE in real-life. METHODS We performed a single-center retrospective pilot study, including patients with SEA treated with mepolizumab for one year. Asthma control test (ACT), lung function, annual exacerbations rate, oral corticosteroid dosage, FeNO, chronic mucous secretions, blood and sputum eosinophils were recorded at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. RESULTS we included 32 patients (mean age: 52.3 ± 10, 59% female). 50% showed co-presence of bronchiectasis, (SEA + BE). Significant improvements were found in ACT [(13.8 ± 4.6 to 20.7 ± 4.1, p = 0.0009) and (13 ± 4.8 to 20.7 ± 4.6, p = 0.0003)], annual exacerbations rate [from 7 (4-12) to 0 (0.00-0.75) and from 8 (4-12) to 0 (0-1), p < 0.0001], and blood eosinophils count [748 cells/μL (400-1250) vs. 84 cells/μL (52.5-100), and from 691 cells/μL (405-798) vs. 60 cells/μL (41-105), p < 0.0001] in SEA and SEA + BE group respectively, already after 6 months of treatment. A reduction in daily oral corticosteroids intake at 12 months was shown [from 15 mg (0-25) to 0 mg (0-0), p = 0.003 and from 8.8 mg (0-25) to 0 mg (0-0) (p = 0.01)] in both SEA and SEA + BE, respectively. Similar results were found, comparing SEA + BE patients based on the severity of bronchiectasis. CONCLUSIONS Mepolizumab effectively improves asthma symptoms control, reducing annual exacerbations and corticosteroid intake in all patients with SEA, even in the subgroup with coexisting bronchiectasis, independently of their severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Crimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele San Marco" University Hospital, Via S. Sofia, 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Campisi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele San Marco" University Hospital, Via S. Sofia, 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Santi Nolasco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Giulia Cacopardo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Rossella Intravaia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Morena Porto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Pietro Impellizzeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Crimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele San Marco" University Hospital, Via S. Sofia, 78, 95123, Catania, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
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Westhölter D, Beckert H, Straßburg S, Welsner M, Sutharsan S, Taube C, Reuter S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, but not mono or dual-combination CFTR modulator therapy affects circulating regulatory T cells in an adult population with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:1072-1079. [PMID: 34030985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic infection and an exaggerated inflammatory response are key drivers of the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF), especially CF lung disease. An imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, including dysregulated Th2/Th17 cells and impairment of regulatory T cells (Tregs), maintain CF inflammation. CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy might influence these immune cell abnormalities. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum samples were collected from 108 patients with CF (PWCF) and 40 patients with non-CF bronchiectasis. Samples were analysed for peripheral blood lymphocytes subsets (Tregs; Th1-, Th1/17-, Th17- and Th2-effector cells) and systemic T helper cell-associated cytokines (interleukin [IL]-5, IL-13, IL-2, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-4, IL-22, interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α) using flow cytometry. RESULTS 51% of PWCF received CFTR modulators (ivacaftor, ivacaftor/ lumacaftor or tezacaftor/ ivacaftor). There were no differences in proportions of analysed T cell subsets or cytokines between PWCF who were versus were not receiving CFTR modulators. Additional analysis revealed lower percentages of Tregs in PWCF and chronic pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection; this difference was also present in PWCF treated with CFTR modulators. Patients with non-CF bronchiectasis tended to have higher percentages of Th2- and Th17-cells and higher levels of peripheral cytokines versus PWCF. CONCLUSIONS Chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection appears to impair Tregs in PWCF (independent of CFTR modulator therapy) but not those with non-CF bronchiectasis. Moreover, our data showed no statistically significant differences in major subsets of peripheral lymphocytes and cytokines among PWCF who were versus were not receiving CFTR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Westhölter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Beckert
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Svenja Straßburg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany; Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Welsner
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany; Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Sivagurunathan Sutharsan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany; Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
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Vidaillac C, Chotirmall SH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bronchiectasis: infection, inflammation, and therapies. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 15:649-662. [PMID: 33736539 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1906225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Bronchiectasis is a chronic endobronchial suppurative disease characterized by irreversibly dilated bronchi damaged by repeated polymicrobial infections and predominantly, neutrophilic airway inflammation. Some consider bronchiectasis a syndromic consequence of several different causes whilst others view it as an individual disease entity. In most patients, identifying an underlying cause remains challenging. The acquisition and colonization of affected airways by Pseudomonas aeruginosa represent a critical and adverse clinical consequence for its progression and management.Areas covered: In this review, we outline clinical and pre-clinical peer-reviewed research published in the last 5 years, focusing on the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis and the role of P. aeruginosa and its virulence in shaping host inflammatory and immune responses in the airway. We further detail its role in airway infection, the lung microbiome, and address therapeutic options in bronchiectasis.Expert opinion: P. aeruginosa represents a key pulmonary pathogen in bronchiectasis that causes acute and/or chronic airway infection. Eradication can prevent adverse clinical consequence and/or disease progression. Novel therapeutic strategies are emerging and include combination-based approaches. Addressing airway infection caused by P. aeruginosa in bronchiectasis is necessary to prevent airway damage, loss of lung function and exacerbations, all of which contribute to adverse clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Vidaillac
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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21
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Chaurasia S, Haran A, Reddy A, Chawla P. Association Between Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis and Quality of Life: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e14231. [PMID: 33959430 PMCID: PMC8093104 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease that can affect patients of all ages and significantly impact the quality of life (QOL) in patients who suffer from it. In spite of its widespread prevalence, and the significant impact on QOL, data on the quantitative impact of bronchiectasis on QOL is lacking. The Quality of Life-Bronchiectasis (QOL-B) is a self-administered patient-reported outcome measure, that was recently developed as a response to the emergent need for such measurement tools to study the impact of bronchiectasis on QOL. Methods We conducted a single-center cross-sectional study to study the correlation between QOL and various other outcome parameters such as exercise capacity, lung functions, co-morbidities, inflammatory markers, and body mass index (BMI). The secondary outcome was to find out various determinants of quality of life in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB). Results Forty-four patients who determined the pre-determined criteria for NCFB were enrolled in this study. This study demonstrated a significant impact on the QOL of NCFB patients based on the QOL-B scoring system. Almost all domains of QOL-B were found to be adversely impacted as measured by one or more of the outcome parameters but the FEV1, age, colonization, extension, dyspnea (FACED) score, bronchiectasis severity index (BSI) score, six-minute walk test (6MWD), and FEV1 showed associations across most scales while the other outcome parameters showed varying associations. Conclusions The QOL is significantly reduced in NCFB and it may be quantified using the QOL-B questionnaire. The impact on QOL in NCFB may be assessed using validated tools such as the FACED and BSI scoring systems, as well as other well-established outcome parameters like 6MWD and FEV1 predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alamelu Haran
- Pulmonary Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, IND
| | - Anish Reddy
- Pulmonary Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, IND
| | - Pavny Chawla
- Respiratory Diseases and Sleep Disorders, Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon, IND
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Cheng N, Wu S, Luo X, Xu C, Lou Q, Zhu J, You L, Li B. A Comparative Study of Chest Computed Tomography Findings: 1030 Cases of Drug-Sensitive Tuberculosis versus 516 Cases of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:1115-1128. [PMID: 33776457 PMCID: PMC7987723 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s300754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the CT features of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (DR-PTB) and the diagnostic value of CT in DR-PTB diagnosis to provide imaging evidence for the timely detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Materials and Methods A total of 1546 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with complete clinical data, chest CT images and defined drug sensitivity testing results were consecutively enrolled; 516 cases of DR-PTB were included in the drug-resistant group, and 1030 cases of drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (DS-PTB) were included in the drug-sensitivity group. Comparative analyses of clinical symptoms and imaging findings were conducted. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed, a regression equation model was developed, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed. Results In the univariate analysis, some features, including whole-lung involvement, multiple cavities, thick-walled cavities, collapsed lung, disseminated lesions along the bronchi, bronchiectasis, emphysema, atelectasis, calcification, proliferative lesions, encapsulated effusion, etc., were observed more frequently in the DR-PTB group than in the DS-PTB group, and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Exudative lesions and pneumoconiosis were observed more frequently in the drug-sensitivity group than in the drug-resistant group (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that whole-lung involvement, multiple cavities, thick-walled cavities, disseminated lesions along the bronchi, bronchiectasis, and emphysema were independent risk factors for DR-PTB, and exudative diseases were protective factors. The total prediction accuracy of the regression model was 80.6%, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 82.6%. Conclusion Chest CT manifestations of DR-PTB had certain characteristics that significantly indicated the possibility of drug resistance in tuberculosis patients, specifically when multifarious imaging findings, including multiple cavities, thick-walled cavities, disseminated lesions along the bronchi, whole-lung involvement, etc., coexisted simultaneously. These results may provide imaging evidence for timely drug resistance detection in suspected drug-resistant cases and contribute to the early diagnosis of DR-PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianlan Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianli Luo
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Lou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu You
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangguo Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
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Respiratory Mycoses in COPD and Bronchiectasis. Mycopathologia 2021; 186:623-638. [PMID: 33709335 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis represent chronic airway diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Bacteria and viruses are commonly implicated in acute exacerbations; however the significance of fungi in these airways remains poorly defined. While COPD and bronchiectasis remain recognized risk factors for the occurrence of Aspergillus-associated disease including chronic and invasive aspergillosis, underlying mechanisms that lead to the progression from colonization to invasive disease remain uncertain. Nonetheless, advances in molecular technologies have improved our detection, identification and understanding of resident fungi characterizing these airways. Mycobiome sequencing has revealed the complex varied and myriad profile of airway fungi in COPD and bronchiectasis, including their association with disease presentation, progression, and mortality. In this review, we outline the emerging evidence for the clinical importance of fungi in COPD and bronchiectasis, available diagnostic modalities, mycobiome sequencing approaches and association with clinical outcomes.
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Anuradha KWDA, Gunathilaka PKG, Wickramasinghe VP. Effectiveness of hypertonic saline nebulization in airway clearance in children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: A randomized control trial. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:509-515. [PMID: 33295693 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Failure to expectorate mucus resulting in progressive airway damage is the hallmark of bronchiectasis. Therefore effective airway clearance techniques (ACT) is the key step in its management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3% hypertonic saline (HS) pre-medication in ACT in children with non cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis. METHODS In this randomized crossover control trial five to 15 year old children, diagnosed with non-CF bronchiectasis were randomized either to receive 200 µg of inhaled salbutamol followed by HS nebulization (test) or only 200 µg of inhaled salbutamol, before chest physiotherapy which is the conventional ACT (controls) for 8 weeks. Inhaled salbutamol was administered via a pressurized metered dosed inhaler with a valved holding chamber. After completion of first phase both groups went through one month washout period, before being crossed over to the opposite arms in the second phase. Spirometric parameters and number of exacerbations were recorded at the end of phase I, washout period and phase II. RESULTS Fifty two out of 63 enrolled completed the study. Baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. A significantly higher mean improvement was seen in predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s in the HS arm during phase 1 (HS = 14.15 ± 5.50 vs. conventional = 5.04 ± 5.55, p = .001) and phase II (HS = 10.81 ± 5.51 vs. conventional = 3.54 ± 5.13, p = .001) compared to conventional ACT arm. HS group showed a significantly higher mean improvement in predicted forced vital capacity in phase I (HS = 13.77 ± 5.73 vs. conventional = 7.54 ± 4.90, p = .001) and phase II, (HS = 9.42 ± 7.00 vs. conventional = 4.42 ± 4.00, p = .003). Mean number of exacerbations experienced by a single child during phase I (2 months) were significantly less (p = .001) in HS arm (0.42 ± 0.64) compared to that of conventional arm (1.30 ± 1.05) butthis difference was not significant in phase II (HS = 0.65 ± 0.74 and conventional = 1.03 ± 0.77, p = .074). CONCLUSION Incorporating HS nebulization into ACT is an effective strategy to improve dynamic lung volumes and morbidity in children with non-CF bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodippilikande W D A Anuradha
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.,University Paediatic Unit, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Vithanage P Wickramasinghe
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.,University Paediatic Unit, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Verma S, Mathew JL, Ray P. Comparison of respiratory pathogen colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility in people with cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis versus non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev 2021; 10:7. [PMID: 33397475 PMCID: PMC7780385 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis are characterized by permanent bronchial dilation, impaired mucociliary clearance, and development of chronic colonization and infection. Although the major airway microbiota in both CF and non-CF bronchiectasis may be similar, there are some differences in clinical and microbiologic features. There may also be differences in antibiotic susceptibility patterns between the CF and non-CF populations. Therefore, analysis and comparison of the microbiota and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in CF bronchiectasis versus non-CF bronchiectasis would help to improve the management of both conditions. METHODS Two authors will independently search the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and LIVIVO, for studies reporting bacterial colonization of the respiratory tract in adults and children diagnosed with bronchiectasis in either CF or non-CF. We will include studies examining any respiratory tract specimen, using conventional bacterial culture or other specialized techniques such as molecular methods. We will also examine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in people with CF bronchiectasis versus non-CF bronchiectasis. The authors will independently assess the risk of bias in each included study using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). We will present the data with descriptive statistics and provide pooled estimates of outcomes, wherever it is feasible to perform meta-analysis. Heterogeneity in studies will be explored by visual inspection of forest plots as well as using the Higgins and Thompson I2 method. We will contact the corresponding authors of studies where data is/are missing and try to obtain the missing data. We will undertake sensitivity analysis to explore the impact of study quality and subgroup analysis based on pre-set criteria. We will prepare a summary of findings' table and assess the confidence in the evidence using the GRADE methodology. DISCUSSION To date, there are no locally applicable evidence-based guidelines for antimicrobial treatment of non-CF bronchiectasis patients. In general, treatment is based on extrapolation of evidence in people with CF bronchiectasis. An insight into the microbiota and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in the two conditions would facilitate appropriate rather than empiric antimicrobial therapy and hopefully reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance created by rampant usage of antibiotics. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO on July 26, 2020 (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020193859 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salony Verma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Joseph L Mathew
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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26
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Sami R, Zohal M, Mohammadi N. Clinical Determinants of the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in Stable Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Patients. TANAFFOS 2020; 19:385-391. [PMID: 33959177 PMCID: PMC8088139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a suitable tool for the assessment of functional capacity in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases. This study aimed to assess the clinical determinants of the six-minute walk distance (6MWD), exercise-induced desaturation (EID), and pretest saturation of arterial oxygen (SataO2) in patients with diffuse non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 57 clinically stable patients with diffuse non-CF bronchiectasis were enrolled. Anthropometric measurements (body mass index [BMI], mid-arm muscle circumference [MAMC], and triceps skinfold thickness [TSF]), spirometric indices (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], and FEV1/FVC ratio), imaging assessment (CT scan), and bacteriological sputum studies were performed, and then, 6MWT was carried out. RESULTS The mean 6MWD was measured to be 447.11±94.59 m. The average walked distance in patients with severe, moderate, and mild bronchiectasis was 427.73±92.07, 439.63±102.65, and 485.87±80.47 m, respectively, with no significant difference. The pretest SataO2 was 88.92±5.59%, 93.75±3.36%, and 94.87±2.88% in the severe, moderate, and mild bronchiectasis groups (P<0.001). A significant inverse correlation was observed between the distance walked and BMI (r=-0.434, P=0.001). CONCLUSION The predictors of 6MWD in stable non-CF bronchiectasis patients were FVC, SataO2 at rest, BMI, and MAMC. The FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and BMI were independent predictors of SataO2 at rest. The extension of bronchiectasis was the only predictor of EID during the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Sami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Zohal
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran,,Correspondence to: Zohal MA Address: Metabolic Disease Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Email address:
| | - Navid Mohammadi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran,, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center (PMPHRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tiew PY, Jaggi TK, Chan LLY, Chotirmall SH. The airway microbiome in COPD, bronchiectasis and bronchiectasis-COPD overlap. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2020; 15:123-133. [PMID: 33063421 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the airway microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis and bronchiectasis-COPD overlap (BCO). DATA SOURCE AND STUDY SELECTION Relevant studies were selected from PubMed, Google scholar, EMBASE and Web of Science. All studies involving human microbiomes, published in the English language, and using the search terms "COPD", "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease", "Bronchiectasis", "BCO" or "Bronchiectasis and COPD overlap", AND "microbiome", "mycobiome" or "metagenomics" were included. RESULTS Despite variability in sampling methods and specimen types used, microbiome composition remains relatively comparable in COPD and bronchiectasis with prominence of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Alterations to airway microbiomes occur in association to disease severity and/or exacerbations in COPD and bronchiectasis. Decreased alpha diversity and Haemophilus-predominant microbiomes are associated with poorer survival in COPD, while, in bronchiectasis, Pseudomonas-predominant microbiomes demonstrate high exacerbation frequency and greater symptom burden while Aspergillus-dominant mycobiome profiles associate with exacerbations. The role of the microbiome in BCO remains understudied. CONCLUSION Use of next-generation sequencing has revolutionised our detection and understanding of the airway microbiome in chronic respiratory diseases such as COPD and bronchiectasis. Targeted amplicon sequencing reveals important associations between the respiratory microbiome and disease outcome while metagenomics may elucidate functional pathways. How best to apply this information into patient care, monitoring and treatment, however, remains challenging and necessitates further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yee Tiew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tavleen K Jaggi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louisa L Y Chan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Koumbourlis AC, Belessis Y, Cataletto M, Cutrera R, DeBoer E, Kazachkov M, Laberge S, Popler J, Porcaro F, Kovesi T. Care recommendations for the respiratory complications of esophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:2713-2729. [PMID: 32716120 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) with esophageal atresia (EA) is a common congenital anomaly that is associated with significant respiratory morbidity throughout life. The objective of this document is to provide a framework for the diagnosis and management of the respiratory complications that are associated with the condition. As there are no randomized controlled studies on the subject, a group of experts used a modification of the Rand Appropriateness Method to describe the various aspects of the condition in terms of their relative importance, and to rate the available diagnostic methods and therapeutic interventions on the basis of their appropriateness and necessity. Specific recommendations were formulated and reported as Level A, B, and C based on whether they were based on "strong", "moderate" or "weak" agreement. The tracheomalacia that exists in the site of the fistula was considered the main abnormality that predisposes to all other respiratory complications due to airway collapse and impaired clearance of secretions. Aspiration due to impaired airway protection reflexes is the main underlying contributing mechanism. Flexible bronchoscopy is the main diagnostic modality, aided by imaging modalities, especially CT scans of the chest. Noninvasive positive airway pressure support, surgical techniques such as tracheopexy and rarely tracheostomy are required for the management of severe tracheomalacia. Regular long-term follow-up by a multidisciplinary team was considered imperative. Specific templates outlining the elements of the clinical respiratory evaluation according to the patients' age were also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassios C Koumbourlis
- Division of Pulmonary & Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Yvonne Belessis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mary Cataletto
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, New York University, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York
| | - Renato Cutrera
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Pediatric Pulmonology & Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Sleep and Long Term Ventilation Unit, Pediatric Hospital "Bambino Gesù" Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Emily DeBoer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Children's Hospital Colorado Breathing Institute, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mikhail Kazachkov
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Gastroesophageal, Upper Airway and Respiratory Diseases Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sophie Laberge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Popler
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Federica Porcaro
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology & Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Sleep and Long-Term Ventilation Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Kovesi
- Pediatrics, Division of Respirology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Yonker LM, Hawley MH, Moschovis PP, Lu M, Kinane TB. Recognizing genetic disease: A key aspect of pediatric pulmonary care. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:1794-1809. [PMID: 32533909 PMCID: PMC7384240 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advancement in technology has improved recognition of genetic etiologies of disease, which has impacted diagnosis and management of rare disease patients in the pediatric pulmonary clinic. This review provides an overview of genetic conditions that are likely to present with pulmonary features and require extensive care by the pediatric pulmonologist. Increased familiarity with these conditions allows for improved care of these patients by reducing time to diagnosis, tailoring management, and prompting further investigation into these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lael M Yonker
- Pulmonary Division, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan H Hawley
- Pulmonary Division, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Peter P Moschovis
- Pulmonary Division, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mengdi Lu
- Pulmonary Division, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - T Bernard Kinane
- Pulmonary Division, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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30
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Ozipek M, Arikan H, Calik-Kutukcu E, Kerem-Gunel M, Saglam M, Inal-Ince D, Vardar-Yagli N, Livanelioglu A, Bozdemir-Ozel C, Cakmak A, Sonbahar-Ulu H, Emiralioglu N, Ozcelik U. Deviations of body functions and structure, activity limitations, and participation restrictions of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model in children with cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:1207-1216. [PMID: 32109001 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the best of our knowledge, there is no study in the literature investigating the extrapulmonary outcomes of children with non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis and CF under the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the children with CF and non-CF bronchiectasis using the ICF model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children with CF, non-CF bronchiectasis, and healthy counterparts were evaluated (20 participants in each group) according to the ICF items in domain b (body functions), domain s (body structures), and domain d (activities and participation). The pulmonary functions, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength tests, and posture analysis were carried out for domain b. For domain d, however, the Glittre-activities of daily living test and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection were used. RESULTS Muscle strength of shoulder abductors and hip extensors in children with CF was significantly lower than healthy children and adolescents (P < .05). The severity of lateral and posterior postural abnormalities in children with CF and non-CF bronchiectasis was higher than those of healthy children (P < .05). Among the patient groups, global function, sports/physical function, expectations, transfers/basic mobility, and pain/comfort were the most affected participation dimensions (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need for comprehensive up-to-date evaluation methods according to the ICF model for understanding rehabilitation requirements in CF and non-CF bronchiectasis in different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Ozipek
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hulya Arikan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Calik-Kutukcu
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mintaze Kerem-Gunel
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melda Saglam
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Inal-Ince
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naciye Vardar-Yagli
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Livanelioglu
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemile Bozdemir-Ozel
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Cakmak
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hazal Sonbahar-Ulu
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nagehan Emiralioglu
- Department of Child Health and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Ozcelik
- Department of Child Health and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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31
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Renz DM, Dohna M, Böttcher J, Kaireit TF, Pfeil A, Streitparth F, Vogel-Claussen J. Magnetresonanztomographie der Lunge bei zystischer Fibrose. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-020-00890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Fungal Infections and ABPA. Respir Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42382-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Deep learning to automate Brasfield chest radiographic scoring for cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19:131-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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34
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Yeh JJ, Yang YC, Hsu CY, Kao CH. Effect of Bronchodilator and Steroid Use on Heart Disease and Stroke Risks in a Bronchiectasis-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Cohort: A Propensity Score Matching Study. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1409. [PMID: 31849665 PMCID: PMC6895570 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To determine the effects of bronchodilator, steroid, and anti-arrhythmia drug use on the risk of heart disease/stroke (HDS) in patients with bronchiectasis–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome (BCOS). Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with BCOS (BCOS cohort, n = 1,493) and patients without bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (non-BCOS cohort, n = 5,972). The cumulative incidence of HDS was analyzed through Cox proportional regression. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for HDS after adjustments for sex, age, comorbidities, long-acting β2-agonist or long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LABAs/LAMAs) use, short-acting β2-agonist or short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SABAs/SAMAs) use, oral steroid (OSs) or inhaled corticosteroid steroid (ICSs) use, and anti-arrhythmia drugs use. Results: The aHR (95% CI) for HDS was 1.08 (0.28–4.06) for patients using LAMAs compared with those not using drugs. Regarding drug use days, the aHRs (95% CIs) were 32.2 (1.79–773.0), 1.85 (1.01–3.39), and 31.1 (3.25–297.80) for those with recent SABAs use, past ICSs use, and past anti-arrythmia drugs use, respectively. Regarding cumulative drug dose, the aHRs (95% CIs) were 2.12 (1.46–3.10), 3.48 (1.13–10.6), 3.19 (2.04–4.99), 28.1 (1.42–555.7), 2.09 (1.32–3.29), 2.28 (1.53–3.40), and 1.93 (1.36–2.74) for those with a low dose of SABAs, medium dose of SABAs, low dose of SAMAs, low dose of ICSs, medium dose of ICSs, low dose of OSs, and medium dose of OSs, respectively. Conclusions: Compared with patients without bronchiectasis and COPD, BCOS patients with recent SABAs, past ICSs, and past anti-arrhythmia drugs use; a low or medium SABAs ICSs, and OSs dose; and a low SAMAs dose had a higher risk of HDS. LAMAs were not associated with HDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Yeh
- Department of Family Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Early Childhood Education and Nursery, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cih Yang
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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35
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Chotirmall SH, Chalmers JD. Bronchiectasis: an emerging global epidemic. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:76. [PMID: 29788944 PMCID: PMC5963022 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis has an increasing profile within respiratory medicine. This chronic and irreversible airways disease is common but suffers from a lack of evidenced based therapy for patients and, a lack of understanding of its inherent heterogeneity. Research focused on bronchiectasis must therefore be prioritized if we are to adequately address this evolving clinical problem. This special issue on bronchiectasis focuses on its clinical, microbiological and therapeutic aspects. By bringing together a unique collection of original research and review articles, we hope this issue will showcase international research efforts, encourage future research collaborations and stimulate debate. In doing so, we hope to bring greater attention to the urgent need for sustained investment into focused, dedicated and collaborative research platforms in bronchiectasis, an emerging "global epidemic".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
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