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Alkahtani SA, Alshammari GM, Alzuwaydi A, Alfuhaid A, Al-Masri AA, Qaisar R, Habib SS. Association between handgrip strength and metabolic syndrome in relation to gender and adiposity among middle aged and older Saudi populations. Aging Male 2024; 27:2325146. [PMID: 38468373 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2024.2325146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional study investigated the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and handgrip strength (HGS) with respect to sex and adiposity in Saudi men (n = 287) and women (n = 268). MATERIAL AND METHODS Anthropometry, body composition, HGS, and blood biochemistry were measured. The average age of the study population was 57.65 ± 9.3 years (men = 55.1 ± 9.3 years, women = 60.4 ± 9.3 years). We report that HGS/body mass index (BMI), HGS/weight, and HGS/fat (%) were significantly higher in controls than in patients with MetS in men but not in women. According to the ROC analysis, relative HGS (RHGS) was higher than HGS alone in the association with MetS, which was significant for men (p < 0.01). At lower quartiles of HGS, the probability of MetS was higher in women, and the same was found in men in the lower quartiles of HGS/%Fat. Multinomial regression revealed significant associations between age and adiposity and MetS in men and HGS in women. Additionally, the linear regression of age, HGS, and weight exhibited significant associations between HGS with WC in both sexes. CONCLUSION A higher risk of MetS in the lower quartiles of HGS was found in women, and adiposity moderated the relationship between HGS and MetS in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaea A Alkahtani
- Exercise Physiology Department, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah Alzuwaydi
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alfuhaid
- Exercise Physiology Department, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A Al-Masri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab of Emirates
| | - Syed Shahid Habib
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Abu AlSel BT, Mahmoud AA, Hamed EO, Hakim NA, Sindi AAA, Jawad NMM, Gusti AMT, Fawzy MS, Abd El-Fadeal NM. Iron Homeostasis-Related Parameters and Hepcidin/Ferritin Ratio: Emerging Sex-Specific Predictive Markers for Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolites 2024; 14:473. [PMID: 39330480 PMCID: PMC11434056 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14090473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a worldwide public health challenge. Accumulating evidence implicates elevated serum ferritin and disruptions in iron metabolism as potential elements linked to an increased risk of MetS. This study investigates the relationship between iron homeostasis-including hepcidin levels, serum iron concentration, unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), and the hepcidin/ferritin (H/F) ratio-and MetS. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 209 participants aged 24-70 were categorized into two groups: 103 with MetS and 106 without MetS. All participants underwent medical assessment, including anthropometric measures, indices of glycemic control, lipid profiles, and iron-related parameters. Participants were further stratified by the Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance index into three subgroups: insulin-sensitive (IS) (<1.9), early insulin resistance (EIR) (>1.9 to <2.9), and significant insulin resistance (SIR) (>2.9). Notable increments in serum ferritin and hepcidin were observed in the SIR group relative to the IS and EIR groups, with a significant association between metabolic parameters. The UIBC and serum ferritin emerged as significant predictors of MetS, particularly in men, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.753 and 0.792, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). In contrast, hepcidin was notably correlated with MetS in women, with an AUC of 0.655 (p = 0.007). The H/F ratio showed superior predictive capability for MetS across both sexes (at cutoff level = 0.67). Among women, this ratio had an AUC of 0.639 (p = 0.015), and for men, it had an AUC of 0.792 (p < 0.001). Hypertension proved an independent risk factor for MetS, affirming its role in metabolic dysregulation. The findings highlight a significant interconnection between iron homeostasis parameters and MetS, with sex-specific variations underscoring the importance of personalized diagnostic criteria. The crucial role of the H/F ratio and the UIBC as emerging predictive markers for MetS indicates their potential utility in identifying at-risk individuals. Further longitudinal research is essential to establish causality and explore the interplay between these biomarkers and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baraah T. Abu AlSel
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Elham O. Hamed
- Sharaf Hospital, Ministry of Health, Hail 55211, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Noor A. Hakim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.H.); (N.M.M.J.)
| | - Abdulmajeed A. A. Sindi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Najlaa M. M. Jawad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.H.); (N.M.M.J.)
| | - Amani M. T. Gusti
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Biochemistry, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah 21159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Manal S. Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Medical Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha M. Abd El-Fadeal
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
- Department of Biochemistry, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah 22421, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Danpanichkul P, Uawithya E, Lopimpisuth C, Sukphutanan B, Kulthamrongsri N, Aboona MB, Duangsonk K, Lau S, Simadibrata DM, Daggag H, Wallace MB, Wijarnpreecha K. Early-onset pancreatic cancer and associated metabolic risk factors in the Middle East and North Africa: A 20-year analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024:10.1007/s12664-024-01626-x. [PMID: 38951365 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-024-01626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC) is associated with poor prognosis and high disease burden. Metabolic risk factors such as diabetes and obesity are considered risk factors of EOPC. Recently, there has been an increasing number of EOPCs worldwide. However, the analysis of EOPC, including its metabolic risk factors, in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has not been fully addressed. METHODS Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study between 2000 and 2019 was used to analyze the prevalence, incidence, deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with EOPC and its metabolic risk factors. The analysis further categorized the data based on countries, income status and sex and examined the annual percentage change (APC). RESULTS Approximately 2800 cases, 2400 deaths and 114,000 DALYs were attributable to EOPC in the MENA region. The incidence (APC + 3.42%), death (APC + 0.73%) and DALYs (APC + 3.23%) rates of EOPC increased. In addition, the death and DALY rates of EOPC attributable to obesity and diabetes increased. High and upper-middle-income countries exhibited a higher burden of EOPC than lower-income countries. CONCLUSION Over the past two decades, the burden of EOPC and its associated metabolic risk factors has increased. There is an urgent need for region-wide policy development, including screening methods and risk factor reduction, to mitigate the high and rising burden of EOPC in the MENA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pojsakorn Danpanichkul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Ekdanai Uawithya
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chawin Lopimpisuth
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Narathorn Kulthamrongsri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Majd B Aboona
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kwanjit Duangsonk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirimas Lau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metrowest Medical Center, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Daniel M Simadibrata
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hinda Daggag
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael B Wallace
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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4
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Althwab SA, Abdulmonem WA, Allemailem KS, Alarifi SA, Hamad EM. Prediction of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in adults from Saudi Arabia using the logarithm of triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2024; 18:50-55. [PMID: 38455599 PMCID: PMC10915911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally. Metabolic syndrome (MtS) is a risk factor that increases the likelihood of CVD. The atherogenic index (AIP), calculated as the logarithm of the ratio of triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) cholesterol in plasma, is a valuable marker for highly atherogenic small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particles. This study aimed to explore MtS prevalence and investigate the potential of using the AIP as a predictor for CVD risk factors in adults from the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Methods The cross-sectional study enrolled 589 participants from public hospitals in nine major cities who completed a detailed questionnaire on health, diet, and lifestyle. Anthropometric measurements and some clinical parameters were measured. Results The findings indicated a significant prevalence of MtS (37.5%) among participants from the Qassim Area, which was higher in males (39.9%) than females (34.9%). Nevertheless, a significant prevalence was shown for CVD risk factors among participants, with hyperglycemia (78.1%), hypertriglyceridemia (39.0%), hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia (38.9%), and hypertension (21.6%) being common. The AIP's performance in identifying CVD risk factors showed a receiver operating characteristic value of 0.909 (P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff value for the AIP was determined to be 0.468, demonstrating high sensitivity (84.8%) and specificity (78.6%). Conclusion Incorporating AIP into clinical practice could enhance CVD risk prediction compared to using lipid profiles alone. These findings suggest that there is a high prevalence of MtS among adults in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Further longitudinal studies are needed to recommend AIP as a robust tool for predicting CVD in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami A. Althwab
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud A. Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam M. Hamad
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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5
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Amer OE, Sabico S, Khattak MNK, Alnaami AM, Saadawy GM, Al-Daghri NM. Circulating Interleukins-33 and -37 and Their Associations with Metabolic Syndrome in Arab Adults. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:699. [PMID: 38255771 PMCID: PMC10815042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines known to have immunomodulatory effects; they include ILs-33 and -37 whose emerging roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain under investigated. In this study, we compared circulating IL-33 and IL-37 in Arab adults with and without MetS to determine its associations with MetS components. A total of 417 Saudi participants (151 males, 266 females; mean age ± SD 41.3 ± 9.0 years; mean body mass index ± SD 30.7 ± 6.3 kg/m2) were enrolled and screened for MetS using the ATP III criteria. Anthropometrics and fasting blood samples were taken for the assessment of fasting glucose and lipids. Circulating levels of IL-33 and IL-37 were measured using commercially available assays. The results showed higher levels of serum IL-33 and IL-37 in participants with MetS than those without (IL-33, 3.34 3.42 (2.3-3.9) vs. (1-3.9), p = 0.057; IL-37, 5.1 (2.2-8.3) vs. 2.9 (2.1-6.1), p = 0.01). Additionally, having elevated levels of IL-33 was a risk factor for hypertension, low HDL-c, and hypertriglyceridemia. A stratification of the participants according to sex showed that males had higher IL-33 levels than females [3.7 (3.0-4.1) vs. 3.15 (1.4-3.8), p < 0.001], while females had higher levels of IL-37 than males [3.01 (2.2-7.0) vs. 2.9 (2.1-5.6), p = 0.06]. In conclusion, the presence of MetS substantially alters the expression of ILs-33 and -37. IL-33 in particular can be potentially used as a therapeutic target to prevent MetS progression. Longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to confirm present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Eldakhakhny B, Enani S, Jambi H, Ajabnoor G, Al-Ahmadi J, Al-Raddadi R, Alsheikh L, Abdulaal WH, Gad H, Borai A, Bahijri S, Tuomilehto J. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome among Non-Diabetic Saudi Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3242. [PMID: 38137464 PMCID: PMC10740949 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: given the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Saudi Arabia, especially in Jeddah, this study aims to understand the dietary and lifestyle-related risk factors among Jeddah's non-diabetic adults. (2) Material and Methods: Employing a cross-sectional design, non-diabetic adults were sourced from public healthcare centers. Demographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits were surveyed. Blood pressure, anthropometrics, and fasting blood samples measuring plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol were collected. The age cut-off for MetS was ascertained using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Variables influencing MetS were evaluated using univariate logistic regression, and consequential factors underwent multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and sex. (3) Results: Among 1339 participants, 16% had MetS, with age being the strongest predictor (p < 0.001). The optimal age cut-off was 32 years. For those <32, elevated BP in men and waist circumference (WC) in women were most prevalent. For those >32, elevated WC was dominant in both sexes. Univariate logistic regression revealed that higher income and education correlated with lower MetS prevalence, while marriage and smoking were risk factors. Adjusting for age and sex, only very high income had a significant low-risk association (p = 0.034). (4) Conclusion: MetS is notable in the studied group, with age as the pivotal predictor. High income reduces MetS risk, while marital status and smoking could increase it. Since this was a cross-sectional study, cohort studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basmah Eldakhakhny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.G.); (S.B.)
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumia Enani
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Jambi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.G.); (S.B.)
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Al-Ahmadi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajaa Al-Raddadi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Alsheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (L.A.); (W.H.A.)
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (L.A.); (W.H.A.)
| | - Hoda Gad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.G.); (S.B.)
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Anwar Borai
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.G.); (S.B.)
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Alshehri FF. Understanding the prevalence, progression, and management of metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:973-986. [PMID: 37777274 PMCID: PMC10541973 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.10.20230450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the coexistence of several disorders comprising hypertension, abdominal obesity, insulin sensitivity, and dyslipidemia. In recent times, MetS has gained increased attention due to the global prevalence of obesity. Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in this syndrome by releasing various molecules significantly affecting lipid/insulin regulation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular function. Tumor necrosis factor-α (p-α), an inflammatory cytokine, and adiponectin, an adipose tissue-specific protein, are considered vital adipokines that play a significant role in the pathogenesis of MetS. The impact of dietary ingredients on MetS management has been extensively studied over the past few decades. These plant-derived natural chemicals have demonstrated beneficial impacts on obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to their diverse properties. Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of overweight and diabetes, but there has been limited research on the incidence of MetS in the country. As a result, in this review, we evaluated the prevalence of MetS in Saudi Arabia and its associated risk factors, as well as explored the mechanisms of progression of MetS and the role of natural phytochemicals in the prevention of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faez Falah Alshehri
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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8
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Abi Raad S, Yazbeck Karam V, Chouery E, Mehawej C, Megarbane A. CHAMP1-Related Disorder: Sharing 20 Years of thorough Clinical Follow-Up and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1546. [PMID: 37628598 PMCID: PMC10454041 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. While the causes of ID are still largely unknown, it is believed to result from a combination of environmental exposures and genetic abnormalities. Recent advancements in genomic studies and clinical genetic testing have identified numerous genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including ID. One such gene is CHAMP1, which plays a role in chromosome alignment and has been linked to a specific type of NDD called CHAMP1 disease. This report presents the case of a 21-year-old Lebanese female patient with a de novo mutation in CHAMP1. In addition to ID and NDD, the patient exhibited various clinical features such as impaired language, dysmorphic features, macrocephaly, thoracic hyperkyphosis, decreased pain sensation, and metabolic syndrome. These findings expand the understanding of the clinical spectrum associated with CHAMP1 mutations and highlight the importance of comprehensive follow-up for improved prognosis. Overall, this case contributes to the knowledge of CHAMP1-related NDDs by describing additional clinical features associated with a CHAMP1 mutation. The findings underscore the need for accurate diagnosis, thorough follow-up, and personalized care for individuals with CHAMP1 mutations to optimize their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abi Raad
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
| | - Vanda Yazbeck Karam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon;
| | - Eliane Chouery
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon; (E.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Cybel Mehawej
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon; (E.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Andre Megarbane
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon; (E.C.); (C.M.)
- Institut Jérôme Lejeune, 75015 Paris, France
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9
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Redondo-Flórez L, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2749. [PMID: 37375654 PMCID: PMC10302286 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried foods, conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy products, and high-fructose products. The present review aims to describe the effect of the Western pattern diet on the metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status; the impact on gut microbiota and mitochondrial fitness; the effect of on cardiovascular health, mental health, and cancer; and the sanitary cost of the Western diet. To achieve this goal, a consensus critical review was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary sources, including bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, and the Web of Science were used to complete the assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords such "Western diet", "inflammation", "metabolic health", "metabolic fitness", "heart disease", "cancer", "oxidative stress", "mental health", and "metabolism" were used. The following exclusion criteria were applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane to the review's primary focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings of conferences, and unpublished studies. This information will allow for a better comprehension of this nutritional behavior and its effect on an individual's metabolism and health, as well as the impact on national sanitary systems. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
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Hadaegh F, Abdi A, Kohansal K, Hadaegh P, Azizi F, Tohidi M. Gender differences in the impact of 3-year status changes of metabolic syndrome and its components on incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a decade of follow-up in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1164771. [PMID: 37305040 PMCID: PMC10248400 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1164771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to examine the gender differences in the association between status changes of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, using Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria, with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among an urban population. Methods The study included 4,463 Iranian adult participants (2,549 women) aged ≥20 years. Based on status changes of MetS and its components during 3 years, subjects were categorized into four groups: MetS-free (reference), MetS-developed, MetS-recovery, and MetS-stable. A similar categorization was applied to MetS components. Multivariable Cox regression models were used for estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and women-to-men ratios of HRs (RHRs). Results During a median follow-up of 9.3 years, 625 T2DM events (351 women) occurred. Compared with the reference, the HRs of the MetS-developed, -recovery, and -stable groups among men for incident T2DM were 2.90, 2.60, and 4.92; the corresponding values for women were 2.73, 2.88, and 5.21, respectively (all p-values < 0.01), without significant gender difference in these relationships. In both genders, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) component, regardless of the change in status, was strongly and significantly associated with incident T2DM with HRs ranging from 2.49 to 9.42; a similar association was also found for high waist circumference (WC)-recovery and -stable groups, with HRs ranging from 1.58 to 2.85 (p-values ≤ 0.05). Regarding gender differences, the development and persistence of high blood pressure (BP) status exposed men to greater T2DM risk than women with women-to-men RHRs of 0.43 (0.26-0.72) and 0.58 (0.39-0.86), respectively. Moreover, stable low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high triglyceride (TG) levels conferred higher T2DM risk in women than in men, with women-to-men RHRs of 1.67 (0.98-2.86) and 1.44 (0.98-2.14), respectively (both p-values = 0.06). Conclusion Among Tehranian adults, in both genders, all status changes of MetS, even those recovered from MetS, have a higher risk of T2DM compared to those who never had MetS. Also, all statuses of high FPG, in addition to recovered and stable high WC, were strongly associated with T2DM risk. Specifically, men with stable or developed high BP and women with stable dyslipidemic status were at differentially increased risk of incident T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abdi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Kohansal
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parto Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tohidi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alqahtani AA, Ahmed MM, Mohammed AA, Ahmad J. 3D Printed Pharmaceutical Systems for Personalized Treatment in Metabolic Syndrome. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041152. [PMID: 37111638 PMCID: PMC10144629 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current healthcare system is widely based on the concept of “one size fit for all”, which emphasizes treating a disease by prescribing the same drug to all patients with equivalent doses and dosing frequency. This medical treatment scenario has shown varied responses with either no or weak pharmacological effects and exaggerated adverse reactions preceded by more patient complications. The hitches to the concept of “one size fits all” have devoted the attention of many researchers to unlocking the concept of personalized medicine (PM). PM delivers customized therapy with the highest safety margin for an individual patient’s needs. PM has the potential to revolutionize the current healthcare system and pave the way to alter drug choices and doses according to a patient’s clinical responses, providing physicians with the best treatment outcomes. The 3D printing techniques is a solid-form fabrication method whereby successive layers of materials based on computer-aided designs were deposited to form 3D structures. The 3D printed formulation achieves PM goals by delivering the desired dose according to patient needs and drug release profile to achieve a patient’s personal therapeutic and nutritional needs. This pre-designed drug release profile attains optimum absorption and distribution, exhibiting maximum efficacy and safety profiles. This review aims to focus on the role of the 3D printing technique as a promising tool to design PM in metabolic syndrome (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam A. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Aleem Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
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AlRahimi J, AlSaif S, Alasnag M, Awan Z, Almutairi F, Al Mudaiheem H, Gencer B, Catapano AL, Mach F, Tash A. 2022 Saudi Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia. Heart Views 2023; 24:67-92. [PMID: 37305331 PMCID: PMC10249637 DOI: 10.4103/heartviews.heartviews_102_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jamilah AlRahimi
- Department of Cardiology, King Faisal Cardiac Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shukri AlSaif
- Department of Cardiology, Saud AlBabtain Cardiac Center, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mirvat Alasnag
- Department of Cardiology, Catheterization Laboratory, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhier Awan
- Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Almutairi
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajer Al Mudaiheem
- Therapeutic Affairs Department, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baris Gencer
- Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva
- Institute of Primary Healthcare (BIHAM), Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alberico L. Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - François Mach
- Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva
| | - Adel Tash
- Cardiac Services Development, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- National Heart Center, Saudi Health Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alhabeeb W, Tash AA, Alshamiri M, Arafa M, Balghith MA, ALmasood A, Eltayeb A, Elghetany H, Hassan T, Alshemmari O. National Heart Center/Saudi Heart Association 2023 Guidelines on the Management of Hypertension. J Saudi Heart Assoc 2023; 35:16-39. [PMID: 37020975 PMCID: PMC10069676 DOI: 10.37616/2212-5043.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a highly prevalent disease in Saudi Arabia with poor control rates. Updated guidelines are needed to guide the management of hypertension and improve treatment outcomes. Methodology A panel of experts representing the National Heart Center (NHC) and the Saudi Heart Association (SHA) reviewed existing evidence and formulated guidance relevant to the local population, clinical practice and the healthcare system. The recommendations were reviewed to ensure scientific and medical accuracy. Recommendations Hypertension was defined and a new classification was proposed as relevant to the Saudi population. Recommendations on diagnosis, clinical evaluation, cardiovascular assessment were detailed, along with guidance on measurement modalities and screening/follow-up. Non-pharmacological management is the first line of hypertension treatment. Pharmacological therapy should be used appropriately as needed. Treatment priority is to control blood pressure regardless of the drug class used. The choice of treatment should be tailored to the patient profile in order to achieve treatment targets and ensure patient compliance. Recommendations were provided on pharmacological options available in Saudi Arabia, as well as guidance on the treatment of special conditions. Conclusion Hypertension management should be based on appropriate screening, timely diagnosis and lifestyle changes supplemented with pharmacological therapy, as needed. Clinical management should be individualized, and careful consideration should be given to special conditions and patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Alhabeeb
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel A. Tash
- Consultant Cardiac Surgeon, Adult Cardiac Surgery, Ministry of Health,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Alshamiri
- Professor of Cardiac Sciences, King Saud University Medical College, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Arafa
- Professor of Cardiac Sciences, King Saud University,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Balghith
- Senior Cardiologist, King Abdulaziz, National Guard Hospital, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali ALmasood
- Consultant Cardiologist, Specialized Medical Center, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla Eltayeb
- Senior Cardiologist, Almana Group of Hospitals, Dammam,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam Elghetany
- Consultant Cardiologist, Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Taher Hassan
- Consultant Cardiologist, Bugshan Center,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Owayed Alshemmari
- Consultant Cardiologist Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Hospital, Ar-Rayyan Hospital, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia
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Amer OE, Sabico S, Khattak MNK, Al-Daghri NM. Circulating Nitric Oxide and Metabolic Syndrome in Arab Children and Adolescents: A Case-Control Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020210. [PMID: 36832339 PMCID: PMC9954847 DOI: 10.3390/children10020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of known cardiometabolic risk factors, which elevates the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults and, only recently, even in children and adolescents. Circulating nitric oxide (NOx) has been observed to influence MetS risk factors in adults, but this has been scarcely investigated in children. The aim of the present study was to determine whether circulating NOx levels correlate with known components of MetS in Arab children and adolescents. METHODS Anthropometrics, serum NOx, lipid profile and fasting glucose levels were measured in 740 Saudi Arabs aged 10-17 years (68.8% girls). The presence of MetS was screened using the criteria of de Ferranti et al. Results: Overall, serum NOx levels were significantly higher in MetS participants compared to non-MetS (25.7 µmol/L (10.1-46.7) versus 11.9 µmol/L (5.5-22.9), p < 0.001) even after adjustments for age, BMI and sex. With the exception of elevated blood pressure, higher circulating NOx significantly increased the odds for MetS and its components. Lastly, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) showed that NOx, as a diagnostic marker for MetS, had good sensitivity and was higher in boys than girls (all MetS participants: area under the curve (AUC) = 0.68, p < 0.001), (girls with MetS: AUC = 0.62, p = 0.002), (boys with MetS: AUC = 0.83, p < 0.001)). CONCLUSIONS MetS and most of its components were significantly associated with circulating NOx levels in Arab adolescents and may be a promising diagnostic biomarker for MetS.
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Wani K, Khattak MNK, Saadawy GM, Al-Attas OS, Alokail MS, Al-Daghri NM. Sex-Specific Cut-Offs of Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) in Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in the Arab Adolescents. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020324. [PMID: 36673133 PMCID: PMC9858553 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) is a novel surrogate marker for insulin sensitivity and was found comparable to the gold standard clamp test as well as for predicting the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in several populations. The present study aimed to assess for the first time, the validity of SPISE in predicting MetS among Arab adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, 951 Saudi adolescents aged 10−17 years were randomly recruited from different schools across Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Anthropometrics were measured and fasting blood samples were collected for the assessment of glucose, lipid profile, adipokines, C-reactive protein and 25 hydroxyvitamin (OH) D. MetS was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program’s (NCEP) criteria with age-specific thresholds for adolescents. The SPISE as well as insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indices were calculated. The over-all prevalence of MetS was 8.6% (82 out of 951). SPISE index was significantly lower in MetS than non-MetS participants in both sexes (5.5 ± 2.5 vs. 9.4 ± 3.2, p < 0.001 in boys and 4.4 ± 1.4 vs. 8.6 ± 3.2, p < 0.001 in girls). The SPISE index showed a significant inverse correlation with resistin, leptin, and C-reactive protein, and a significant positive correlation with adiponectin and 25(OH) D. Areas under the curve (AUC) revealed fair and good accuracy for predicting MetS 84.1% and 90.3% in boys and girls, respectively. The sex-specific cut-off proposed was SPISE index ≤6.1 (sensitivity 72.2% and specificity 83.9%) for boys and ≤6.46 (sensitivity 96.3% and specificity 73.4%), for girls. This study suggests that the SPISE index is a simple and promising diagnostic marker of insulin sensitivity and MetS in Arab adolescents.
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A Smart Monitoring System for Self-Nutrition Management in Pediatric Patients with Inherited Metabolic Disorders: Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD). Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020178. [PMID: 36673545 PMCID: PMC9859191 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A metabolic disorder is due to a gene mutation that causes an enzyme deficiency which leads to metabolism problems. Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is one of the most common and severe hereditary metabolic disorders in Saudi Arabia. Patients and families were burdened by complex and regular dietary therapy menus because of the lack of information on food labels, it was also difficult to keep track of MSUD's typical diet. The prototype smart plate system proposed in this work may help patients with MSUD and their caregivers better manage the patients' MSUD diet. The use of knowledge-based, food identification techniques and a device could provide a support tool for self-nutrition management in pediatric patients. The requirements of the system are specified by using questionaries. The design of the prototype is divided into two parts: software (mobile application) and hardware (3D model of the plate). The knowledge-based mobile application contains knowledge, databases, inference, food recognition, food plan, monitor food plan, and user interfaces. The hardware prototype is represented in a 3D model. All the patients agreed that a smart plate system connected to a mobile application could help to track and record their daily diet. A self-management application can help MSUD patients manage their diet in a way that is more pleasant, effortless, accurate, and intelligent than was previously possible with paper records. This could support dietetic professional practitioners and their patients to achieve sustainable results.
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Alzahrani HA, Ahmad MT, Alasmari ZS, Aljarallah FA, Hafiz LM, Almasoudi BA, Alibrahim AA, Abd El Maksoud WM, Bawahab MA, Alsaleem MA. Obesity Concerns and the Future of a Nation's Health: A Cross-Sectional Study of Physical Activity and Related Awareness of Doctors-in-The-Making, Staff, and Faculty in a Saudi Arabian Medical College. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:951-962. [PMID: 37041888 PMCID: PMC10083031 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s406712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Saudi Arabian population has amongst the highest prevalence of obesity globally. Apart from nutritional measures, physical activity is considered a major modifiable risk factor for the prevention of obesity and its consequences. An insight into the physical activity and awareness parameters of healthcare professionals and those in the making can provide an insight into how prepared we are to deal with the epidemic of non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to find out about the degree of physical activity undertaken by the medical students, faculty and staff at the College of Medicine, King Khalid University, as well as their awareness regarding physical activity guidelines. Methods This study surveyed 300 adult participants - medical students, faculty and staff - in the College of Medicine, King Khalid University. An international validated questionnaire was used to assess the physical activity profile of participants as well as BMI parameters. Moreover, awareness and knowledge of the recommended physical activity guidelines for adults were also assessed. Results The study participants comprised around 83% students, 9% faculty members, and 7% staff members. Around 55% of the participants were male, while the rest were female. More than 65% of participants across all categories reported low levels of physical activity, with only about 4.5% of participants across various age groups reporting high levels of physical activity. There was no significant difference by gender across the group (P value = 0.227). Only 17% of the study participants were knowledgeable of the recommended physical activity guidelines for adults. Conclusion We found a low level of physical activity as well as inadequate awareness about the physical activity guidelines amongst our study participants. This study reiterates the urgent need for well-researched and well-funded health promoting interventions to promote physical activity, especially in the context of health professions' education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Alzahrani
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Hassan A Alzahrani, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha, Saudi Arabia, Email
| | - Mohammad Tauheed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad S Alasmari
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares A Aljarallah
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna M Hafiz
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim A Almasoudi
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Alibrahim
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A Bawahab
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsaleem
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Shami I, Alkhalidy H, Alnaser K, Mukattash TL, Al Hourani H, Alzboun T, Orabi A, Liu D. Assessing metabolic syndrome prediction quality using seven anthropometric indices among Jordanian adults: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21043. [PMID: 36473903 PMCID: PMC9727133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MSyn) is a considerable health concern in developing and developed countries, and it is a critical predictor of all-cause mortality. Obesity, specifically central obesity, is highly associated with MSyn incidence and development. In this study, seven anthropometric indices (Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist circumference (WC), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), conicity index (CI), and the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI)) were used to identify individuals with MSyn among the Jordanian population. These indices were assessed to identify their superiority in predicting the risk of MSyn. A total of 756 subjects (410 were male and 346 were female) were met between May 2018 and September 2019 and enrolled in this study. Height, weight, and waist circumferences were measured and BMI, WHtR, ABSI, BRI, CI, and VAI were calculated. Fasting plasma glucose level, lipid profile, and blood pressure were measured. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the discriminatory power of the anthropometric indices as classifiers for MSyn presence using the Third Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) definition. MSyn prevalence was 42.5%, and obese women and men have a significantly higher prevalence. BRI and WHtR showed the highest ability to predict MSyn (AUC = 0.83 for both indices). The optimal cutoff point for an early diagnosis of MSyn was > 28.4 kg/m2 for BMI, > 98.5 cm for WC, > 5.13 for BRI, > 0.09 m11/6 kg-2/3 for ABSI, > 5.55 cm2 for AVI, > 1.33 m3/2 kg-1/2 for CI, and > 0.59 for WHtR with males having higher cutoff points for MSyn early detection than females. In conclusion, we found that WHtR and BRI may be the best-suggested indices for MSyn prediction among Jordanian adults. These indices are affordable and might result in better early detection for MSyn and thereby may be helpful in the prevention of MSyn and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Khadeejah Alnaser
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Tareq L Mukattash
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Huda Al Hourani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Tamara Alzboun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Aliaa Orabi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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Ahmed AE, Alsamghan A, Momenah MA, Alqhtani HA, Aldawood NA, Alshehri MA, Ali Alshehri AM, Alhag SK, Mosaad YO, Ahmed H. Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Mixed Hypercholesterolemic Populations with Respect to Gender, Age, and Obesity in Asir, Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14985. [PMID: 36429701 PMCID: PMC9690936 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This record study aimed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) profiles regarding sex, age, and obesity for the riskier factor of cardiovascular diseases in a general population in Saudi Arabia. Laboratory and anthropometric measurements were performed on non-specific participants with variant ages and BMI in either sex. Serobiochemical changes were measured for metabolic profiles, i.e., A1C/FSG, TC, TGC, HDLC/LDLC, Vit.D, TSH/T4, Hb, and Cr. The study was applied in a Polyclinic, Abha, Saudi Arabia in 2020 G. The general population showed variable incidences of MetS profiles, such as 69.4% diabetes, 85.5% hypothyroidism, and 92.2% obesity. Hypothyroidism showed a higher incidence in women rather than in men, but men were more dyslipidemic, with higher TGC and LDLC but low HDLC, compared to women. Men <40 Y. showed diabetes and hypothyroidism, but elders were dyslipidemic. Women <40 Y. showed anemia and hypovitaminosis-D but were suffering from hypothyroidism at all ages. Diabetes, hypothyroidism, hypovitaminosis-D, and dyslipidemia were the main MetS components in both overweight and obese participants, and an incidence of more than 50% in each profile was recorded. Diabetes with hypertension was characteristic of obese participants rather than those overweight. About 66.1% of the mixed-hypercholesterolemic cases were diabetic, but 18.9% of the mixed-diabetic participants were hypercholesterolemic. Castelli's risk factors, CRI-I and CRI-II, and atherogenic indices, AIP and AC, were measured for evaluating the cardiac risk in different populations based on the AUC-ROC and cut-off values. Insulin-resistance marker (TyG) was also measured, showing considerable cut-off values for diabetic susceptibility in the lipidemic participants with higher TGC and TC rather than HDLC or LDLC. In conclusion, MetS showed higher susceptibility to sex and age with increased incidence in women rather than men. However, the cardiac risk was more susceptible to men of higher TGC and low HDLC than women. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was more prominent in both elders (≥40 Y.) than younger ages of either sex. Anemia and deficiency of Vit. D was characteristic of young women (<40 Y.). Hypothyroidism affects young men <40 Y. but was recorded in women of all ages. Both dyslipidemia and diabetes could trigger CVD, showing higher cardiac risk in mixed-hypercholesterolemic men rather than women. Our study strongly suggests that the consumption of unhealthy junk food, tobacco smoking, lack of exercise, and physical inactivity could be conclusive evidence of MetS in the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 53823, Egypt
| | - Awad Alsamghan
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdullah Momenah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Ali Alqhtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Arkan Aldawood
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alshehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sadeq K. Alhag
- Biology Department, College of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Muhayl Asser, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser O. Mosaad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hassan Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 53823, Egypt
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Prevalence and Correlation of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Bipolar Disorder in NGHA, Riyadh. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5847175. [PMID: 35898675 PMCID: PMC9314176 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5847175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome is considered dangerous, especially to patients that are diagnosed with a mental condition such as bipolar disorder, since these types of patients can be difficult to deal with. Metabolic syndrome can lead to multiple cardiovascular diseases, strokes, and diabetes. A careful approach is important when it comes to facing a complex condition such as this. This research will contribute to giving more information about the prevalence and statistics of metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder patients at NGHA, Riyadh. No published study in literature has investigated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder in NGHA, Riyadh. Methods The study was conducted among 191 adult male (66) and female (125) patients at NGHA, Riyadh. The medical records were used for the assessment of metabolic syndrome and referrals by using a chart review for individuals. The main variables are metabolic syndrome and bipolar disorder. It was conducted on both males and females. Data was collected on data collection form and further analysis on relations was made by using SAS (Version 9.4). Chi-squared test and the Wilcoxon Two-sample test for two-level continuous variables. P ≤ 0.05 was determined to be the significance level. Results Out of 191 patients, 130 were obese, 85 had diabetes, and 89 were hypertensive. Additionally, 50 (40%) females and 29 (43.9%) males had metabolic syndrome, a total of 79 (41.4%) out of 191. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that there is an elevated prevalence of metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder patients in NGHA, Riyadh. Highlighting the potential danger that people may not be aware of.
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Dixit S, Musa A, Sillva AB, Reddy RS, Abohashrh M, Kakaraparthi VN, Asiri F, Caruso FR, Govindappa SK, Mohammed AA. The Impact of Post-traumatic Stress of SARS-CoV-2 Affliction on Psychological and Mental Health of Student Survivors: Cross Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:845741. [PMID: 35615037 PMCID: PMC9125025 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.845741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 survivor's population is often associated with a long term impact on mental and psychological health. Recent included studies have also stated affliction of mental health due to fear of virus and preventive policies among the college students. Objectives The research was conducted to find the psychological and mental impacts of SARS-CoV-2 affliction among the students' survivors in the university. Methods The study design of the experiment was cross-sectional, sampling technique was non probability and sampling method being applied was convenience sampling. IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 was used for analyses. Descriptive data was examined and results were showed as mean and standard deviations, percentages, frequencies for continuous variables of IES-R scale (Intrusion, Avoidance, and Hyperarousal) using the total sample of n = 34. Results Out of 34 only 24 student survivors responded to the online survey post COVID-19 recovery, with an overall participation level of 71%. Grading was given for the total IES-R score which was subdivided into a predefined range. Out of 24 participants, 9 (38%) participants showed the symptoms of mild (n = 2)-severe (n = 7) psychological impacts. On correlation of factors total IES-R score and taste and sense of smell were moderately correlated. The ordinal regression for complete loss of sense of taste and smell was also significant. Conclusion The results from IES-R evaluation clearly outlines the presence of psychological sequels post recovery of COVID-19 episodes among the young college survivors. Complete loss of sense of smell and taste may be an indicator of psychological sequelae as compared to reduce sense of smell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehil Dixit
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil,*Correspondence: Snehil Dixit ;
| | - Alamin Musa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Audrey Borghi Sillva
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ravi Shankar Reddy
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abohashrh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Asiri
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Flavia Rossi Caruso
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Shashi Kumar Govindappa
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Ahmad Mohammed
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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El-Say KM, Felimban RI, Tayeb HH, Chaudhary AG, Omar AM, Rizg WY, Alnadwi FH, Abd-Allah FI, Ahmed TA. Pairing 3D-Printing with Nanotechnology to Manage Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1783-1801. [PMID: 35479768 PMCID: PMC9038162 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s357356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This work was aimed to develop a Curcuma oil-based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) 3D-printed polypills containing glimepiride (GMD) and rosuvastatin (RSV) for treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes as a model for metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods Compartmentalized 3D printed polypills were prepared and studied in streptozotocin/poloxamer induced diabetic/dyslipidemic rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of GMD and RSV in the prepared polypills were evaluated. Blood glucose level, lipid profile, antioxidant, and biochemical markers activities were investigated. Also, histopathological examination of the liver and pancreas was carried out. The atherosclerotic index, the area of islets of Langerhans, and liver steatosis lesion scores were calculated. Results The developed SNEDDS-loaded GMD/RSV polypills showed acceptable quality control characteristics with a high relative bioavailability of 217.16% and 224.28% for GMD and RSV, respectively, when compared with the corresponding non-SNEDDS pills. The prepared polypills showed dramatic lowering in blood glucose levels and substantial improvement in lipid profile and hepatic serum biomarkers as well as remarkable decrease in serum antioxidants in response to Poloxamer 407 intoxication. The prepared polypills decreased the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary disease by boosting the level of high-density lipoprotein and lowering both triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein. Microscopic examination showed normal hepatic sinusoids and high protection level with less detectable steatosis in the examined hepatocytes. Normal size pancreatic islets with apparently normal exocrine acini and pancreatic duct were also noticed. Conclusion This formulation strategy clearly shows the potential of the developed polypills in personalized medicine for treatment of patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M El-Say
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, Pharmaceutical Technology Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed I Felimban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), 3D Bioprinting Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam H Tayeb
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), 3D Bioprinting Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), Nanomedicine Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel G Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelsattar M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Y Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, Pharmaceutical Technology Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad H Alnadwi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fathy I Abd-Allah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Tarek A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, Pharmaceutical Technology Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Ibrahim MS, Pang D, Randhawa G, Pappas Y. Development and Validation of a Simple Risk Model for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in Midlife: A Cohort Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1051-1075. [PMID: 35418767 PMCID: PMC8995775 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s336384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop and validate a simple risk model for predicting metabolic syndrome in midlife using a prospective cohort data. Design Prospective cohort study. Participants A total of 7626 members of the 1958 British birth cohort (individuals born in the first week of March 1958) participated in the biomedical survey at age 45 and have completed information on metabolic syndrome. Methods Variables utilised were obtained prospectively at birth, 7, 16, 23 and 45 years. Multivariable logistic regression was used to develop a total of ten (10) MetS risk prediction models taking the life course approach. Measures of discrimination and calibration were used to evaluate the performance of the models. A pragmatic criteria developed was used to select one model with the most potential to be useful. The internal validity (overfitting) of the selected model was assessed using bootstrap technique of Stata. Main Outcome Measure Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the NCEP-ATP III clinical criteria. Results There is high prevalence of MetS among the cohort members (19.6%), with males having higher risk as compared to females (22.8% vs 16.4%, P < 0.001). Individuals with MetS are more likely to have higher levels of HbA1c and low HDL-cholesterol. Similarly, regarding the individual components of MetS, male cohort members are more likely to have higher levels of glycaemia (HbA1c), BP and serum triglycerides. In contrast, female cohort members have lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and higher levels of waist circumference. Furthermore, a total of ten (10) MetS risk prediction models were developed taking the life course approach. Of these, one model with the most potential to be applied in practical setting was selected. The model has good accuracy (AUROC 0.91 (0.90, 0.92)), is well calibrated (Hosmer-Lemeshow 6.47 (0.595)) and has good internal validity. Conclusion Early life factors could be included in a risk model to predict MetS in midlife. The developed model has been shown to be accurate and has good internal validity. Therefore, interventions targeting socioeconomic inequality could help in the wider prevention of MetS. However, the validity of the developed model needs to be further established in an external population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa S Ibrahim
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury Luton, Bedfordshire, LU2 8LE, England
| | - Dong Pang
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury Luton, Bedfordshire, LU2 8LE, England
| | - Gurch Randhawa
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury Luton, Bedfordshire, LU2 8LE, England
| | - Yannis Pappas
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury Luton, Bedfordshire, LU2 8LE, England
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Use of biochemical markers for diabetes prevention in the new decade. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Use of biochemical markers for diabetes prevention in the new decade. There is established evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus is preceded by a phase, during which there is a cluster of conditions including raised triglycerides and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, raised fasting glucose, high blood pressure and central obesity. This cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus, constitutes the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, there is need to screen for this syndrome among the population for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus which is a global public health problem. Despite the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Mauritius, research work on MetS is scarce. This study was thus undertaken with the primary objective to determine the prevalence of MetS among the employees of a public educational institution in Mauritius. A cross-sectional study which involved randomly identified employees was conducted. The participants were requested to fill in a survey questionnaire, undergo biometric measurements (waist circumference and blood pressure) and venous blood sample collection in a fasting condition. The blood tests included the determination of glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels. The 2009 International Diabetes Federation criteria were used for the diagnosis of MetS. The presence of any 3 of 5 risk factors, raised triglycerides, raised glucose, lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood pressure and central obesity constitutes a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Department of Medicine Research Ethics Committee of the University of Mauritius. The prevalence of MetS was found to be 20.1% (40 participants), in the overall population, 31.4% in men (22 out of 70) and 13.95% in women (18 out of 129). The determination of any association by means of the Chi square tests showed there was a significant association between gender and MetS (p < 0.01). Educational level was also associated with the MetS (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis confirmed t\he significant association between MetS with gender (p < 0.01) where male gender was more associated with MetS than female. This study with the determination of the prevalence of the MetS among employees constituted the first step in the implementation of a structured workplace health intervention programme in Mauritius. We highlight the importance of workplace interventions with the involvement of a multi-disciplinary team of health professionals for the primary prevention of diabetes, through the screening for the MetS among employees.
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Al- Ahmadi J, Enani S, Bahijri S, Al-Raddadi R, Jambi H, Eldakhakhny B, Borai A, Ajabnoor G, Tuomilehto J. Association between anthropometric indices and non-anthropometric components of the metabolic syndrome in Saudi adults. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac055. [PMID: 35592514 PMCID: PMC9113350 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Waist circumference (WC) is used in screening for metabolic syndrome (MetS) based on its association with cardiometabolic risk. This might apply differently in ethnically different populations. Associations with other measures are also unclear. Objective This work aimed to investigate the association between neck circumference (NC), WC, WC:hip circumference, WC:height (WC:Ht), NC:Ht, fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), conicity index, abdominal volume index, and weight-adjusted waist index with nonanthropometric components of MetS in nondiabetic Saudi adults. Methods This cross-sectional study took place in public health centers in Jeddah, comprising 1365 Saudi adults (772 men and 593 women) aged 18 years or older not previously diagnosed with diabetes. Main outcome measures included the presence of 2 or more nonanthropometric components of the MetS were used to define clinical metabolic abnormality (CMA). The predictive ability of studied anthropometric indices for CMA was determined using the area under receiver operating characteristics (AUC) curve and binary logistic regression. Results A total of 157 men and 83 women had CMA. NC and NC:Ht had the highest predictive ability for CMA in men (odds ratio [OR]NC = 1.79, P < .001 and ORNC:Ht = 1.68, P < .001; AUCNC = 0.69 [95% CI, 0.64-0.74] and AUCNC:Ht = 0.69 [95% CI, 0.64-0.73]). In women, WC had the highest predictive ability ORWC = 1.81, P < .001; AUCWC = 0.75 [95% CI, 0.69-0.80]). Conclusion Upper-body anthropometric indicators that were associated with subcutaneous fat had the highest predictive ability for CMA in men whereas abdominal obesity indictors had the best predictive ability in women, suggesting that fat distribution might contribute to CMA in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Al- Ahmadi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumia Enani
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajaa Al-Raddadi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Jambi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah Eldakhakhny
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Borai
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz, University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Ajabnoor
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
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Qahwaji DM. Impact of Dietary Intake and Physical Activity on Metabolic Syndrome in Saudi Adults: An Exploratory Pilot Study. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:45-49. [PMID: 35465111 PMCID: PMC9007701 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is characterized by the clustering of commonly observed multiple metabolic abnormalities, such as abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure (BP), impaired fasting glucose level, and occasionally a meager amount of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The present case-control pilot study was designed to examine and compare the different dietary habits of specific food groups (meat, dairy, fats, and carbohydrates) in 85 male and female participants (age: 20 to 80 years) between MetSyn patients (n=54), based on World Health Organization criteria and non-MetSyn patients (n=31) at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Patients were studied based on a dietary questionnaire with clear validity that included personal and diet related habit queries, body mass index (BMI), HDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and BP. Results showed significantly increased values for BMI (kg/m2), systolic BP, diastolic BP, HDL-C, and blood calcium concentration among the MetSyn group compared to non-MetSyn group. Substantial differences were obtained for fasting glucose distribution between MetSyn and non-MetSyn groups (P<0.002). The study analysis revealed that consumption of dairy and fats was relatively higher in MetSyn patients. Also, the frequency of eating meat and derivatives showed no significant statistical difference. between the two groups. The study found that the MetSyn group consumed a significantly more proportion of dairy products, though there were no changes in dietary patterns between the MetSyn and non-MetSyn groups in terms of the intake of meats, dairy, fat, and carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M. Qahwaji
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Dietary Patterns and Their Association with Metabolic Syndrome and Their Components in Middle-Class Adults from Damascus, Syria: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Nutr Metab 2022; 2022:5621701. [PMID: 35371568 PMCID: PMC8970872 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5621701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to the 2016 crisis in Syria, a study conducted in Aleppo found the prevalence of metabolic syndrome to be 39.6%, which is known to be favoured by age and poor lifestyle (including physical inactivity and the consumption of hypercaloric foods, rich in saturated fats, concentrated carbohydrates, and salt), so the objective of this study was to identify the association of different dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome and their components. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in 104 adults aged 40 to 65 years who did not suffer from previous diseases. The sample was chosen from middle-class citizens of the city of Damascus who were contacted by telephone; they were explained about the study, the information that would be collected, and the studies that should be carried out in the clinical analysis laboratory of the Private University of Syria. A nutritional and food study was carried out using previously validated forms containing 62 items in which the food intake of the participants was studied. We apply principal component analysis and factor analysis to detect nutritional components and dietary patterns. Dietary pattern 3 (foods with simple carbohydrates and saturated fat) increased glucose levels, while dietary patterns 1 (high intake of calories, protein, and saturated fat) and 5 (fast food) increased serum triglyceride levels. In addition, pattern 1 (carbonated beverages, grains, chicken, and meat) was associated with elevated LDL cholesterol levels and the presence of the metabolic syndrome. The study findings suggest that the presence of metabolic syndrome and its components are associated with dietary patterns high in calories, protein, simple carbohydrates, and saturated fat.
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Pouragha H, Amiri M, Saraei M, Pouryaghoub G, Mehrdad R. Body impedance analyzer and anthropometric indicators; predictors of metabolic syndrome. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1169-1178. [PMID: 34277496 PMCID: PMC8275900 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00836-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim Metabolic syndrome is one of the outcomes of a sedentary lifestyle in the modern world. In this study, we want to introduce the predictors of metabolic syndrome using anthropometric indices and Bio-Electrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) test values. Method This cross-sectional study was performed on 2284 employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in different job categories. Metabolic syndrome was determined according to IDF criteria. Anthropometric dimensions, para-clinical tests, basic information were collected from the participants. Also, the body analysis of the participants was performed using a BIA method. Result The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this study was 23.2% based on IDF criteria, which was 21% and 26.6% in men and women, respectively. The most important factor among the components of IDF criteria was HDL deficiency. In this study, neck circumference, fat mass, visceral fat, muscle mass percentage and waist to height ratio were observed as predictors of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion This study realized that there is association between fat mass, fat-free mass, visceral fat and muscle mass which all are some elements of body composition analysis and metabolic syndrome as a major health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Pouragha
- Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Amiri
- Occupational Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Saraei
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine Baharlou Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Pouryaghoub
- Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Mehrdad
- Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Faqih NT, Ashoor AF, Alshaikh SA, Maglan AF, Jastaniah N. Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Insulin Resistance in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah. Cureus 2021; 13:e19811. [PMID: 34956794 PMCID: PMC8693831 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and insulin resistance (IR) are common in the elderly. IR reduces the ability of insulin to work effectively on target tissues. This results in hyperglycemia, increased triglyceride levels, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, elevated blood pressure, and central obesity, a condition known as metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS eventually affects cognition, but its relationship with AD is unclear. Therefore, we studied the association between AD and IR and the relation between AD and diabetic patients treated with insulin. Methods This was a record-based retrospective cohort study using data from King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Ministry of National Guards-Health Affairs. for all patients with dementia and AD, from 2009 to 2018. We examined 354 patient files. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was used for the assessment of IR. Results There was no significant association between patients' demographic data, glycated hemoglobin, and co-morbidities and developing AD. Statistical models showed that, after adjustment for age, patients with IR had a significantly higher likelihood of AD (adjusted OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.01-2.33). After multivariate adjustment, patients with IR still had a 20% higher probability of developing AD than others (adjusted OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0-3.1). Conclusion These results suggest that AD is associated with IR. Moreover, the association may be confounded by many patient-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sahl A Alshaikh
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Alaa F Maglan
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nisreen Jastaniah
- Geriatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
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Al-Shehri HA, Al-Asmari AK, Khan HA, Horaib GB, Al-Buraidi A, Al-Sharif AA, Kadasah SG, Al-Omani S, Mohammed FS, Abbasmanthiri R, Osman NM. Recent Trends of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Military Recruits from Saudi Arabia. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:medicines8110065. [PMID: 34822362 PMCID: PMC8620872 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (Met-S) constitutes the risk factors and abnormalities that markedly increase the probability of developing diabetes and coronary heart disease. An early detection of Met-S, its components and risk factors can be of great help in preventing or controlling its adverse consequences. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors in young army recruits from Saudi Arabia. A total of 2010 Saudis aged 18-30 years were randomly selected from groups who had applied to military colleges. In addition to designed questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and blood samples were collected to measure Met-S components according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Met-S prevalence was 24.3% and it was higher in older subjects than the younger ones. There were significant associations between Met-S and age, education level and marital status. The most common Met-S components were high fasting blood sugar (63.6%) followed by high blood pressure (systolic and diastolic, 63.3% and 37.3% respectively) and high body mass index (57.5%). The prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes were found to be 55.2% and 8.4%, respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia was found in 19.3% and low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in 11.7% of subjects. In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of Met-S in young adults of Saudi Arabia. There is a need for regular monitoring of Met-S in young populations to keep them healthy and fit for nation building. It is also important to design and launch community-based programs for educating people about the importance of physical activity, cessation of smoking and eating healthy diet in prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamoud Abdullah Al-Shehri
- Adult Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman Khazim Al-Asmari
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (N.M.O.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Haseeb Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ghaleb Bin Horaib
- Dermatology Department, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Al-Buraidi
- Department of ENT, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Ali Al-Sharif
- Department of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11175, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saeed Ghander Kadasah
- Department of Psychiatry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saud Al-Omani
- Department of Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fayez S. Mohammed
- Prince Sultan Military College of Health Science, Dhahran 34315, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rajamohamed Abbasmanthiri
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (N.M.O.)
| | - Nasreddien Mohammed Osman
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (N.M.O.)
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Association of Apelin gene rs3115757 variation and expression with metabolic syndrome among female students in King Abdulaziz University. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Al-Daghri NM, Wani K, AlHarthi H, Alghamdi A, Alnaami AM, Yakout SM. Sex-Specific Signature in the Circulating NLRP3 Levels of Saudi Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153288. [PMID: 34362072 PMCID: PMC8347773 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, inflammasomes such as NLRP3 as cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors have been implicated in the development of inflammation; however, limited investigations report the circulating levels of this protein. The objective, thus, was to investigative circulating NLRP3 levels in Saudi patients with a low-grade inflammatory disorder called metabolic syndrome (MetS). Two hundred Saudi adults aged 30–65, with or without MetS diagnosed on the basis of National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria, were randomly recruited. Five MetS components were established according to the diagnostic criteria in the study subjects. Circulating levels of NLRP3 and known inflammation markers, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukins (IL-1β and IL-18), were measured in the blood samples taken from the study subjects. Gender-based analysis showed a significant elevated circulating levels of NLRP3 in non-MetS men compared to non-MetS females (p < 0.001). Moreover, an increase in circulating levels of NLRP3 with a number of MetS components (p = 0.038) was observed only in females. A significant positive correlation of NLRP3 levels with age (r = 0.20, p = 0.04), BMI (r = 0.32, p < 0.01) and waist (r = 0.24, p = 0.02) and a significant negative correlation between NLRP3 and HDL-cholesterol (r= −0.21, p = 0.03) were also observed in females. Logistic regression analysis also yielded a sex-specific positive association of NLRP3 with MetS in females, with this association influenced mostly by central obesity and dyslipidemia components of MetS. In conclusion, this study suggests a sexual disparity in the circulating levels of NLRP3, with a trend of increasing circulating NLRP3 levels with increasing MetS components observed only in females, influenced mostly by adiposity and dyslipidemia components of MetS. Longitudinal studies with a larger sample size and investigating sex-specific hormones with NLRP3 would be needed to establish a causal relationship of NLRP3 with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (A.A.)
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.M.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-14675939
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.M.Y.)
| | - Hind AlHarthi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Amani Alghamdi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.M.Y.)
| | - Sobhy M. Yakout
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.M.Y.)
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Tristetraprolin, Inflammation, and Metabolic Syndrome in Arab Adults: A Case Control Study. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060550. [PMID: 34207463 PMCID: PMC8235193 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common disorder characterized as a low-grade chronic inflammatory state. The association of tristetraprolin (TTP), a novel anti-inflammatory protein, and MetS remains to be explored. We evaluated circulating TTP in a group of adult males and females with and without MetS. Serum levels of TTP were higher in the MetS group than in controls. In all subjects, serum TTP was also correlated with MetS components (e.g., glucose, lipids, and obesity indices). These findings suggest that TTP may be a promising biomarker for MetS. Abstract Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an mRNA binding protein suggested to have a substantial role in regulating the mRNA expression of numerous inflammatory factors, but data on TTP and its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS), a chronic low-grade inflammatory disorder, are scarce. We hypothesize that TTP may modulate MetS and its components. A total of 200 Saudi adults (aged 38.6 ± 8.3 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics data were collected and fasting blood glucose taken for the assessment of glycemic, lipids and inflammatory markers using commercially available assays. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III) criteria were used to define MetS. Results showed significantly higher levels of TTP in the MetS group than in controls [288.1 pg/mL vs. 150.9 pg/mL, p < 0.001]. Circulating TTP was significantly associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α, R = 0.30, p < 0.05], interleukin 1β [IL-1β, R = 0.41, p < 0.01] and C-reactive protein [CRP, R = 0.36, p < 0.01], adiponectin [R = 0.36, p < 0.05], insulin [R = 0.37, p < 0.05], and insulin resistance [HOMA-IR, R = 0.40, p < 0.05]. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) suggest a potential use of TTP as diagnostic biomarker for MetS [AUC = 0.819, p < 0.001]. The findings suggest that TTP is associated with inflammation and glycemia, which may influence MetS. TTP is a promising diagnostic biomarker for MetS which can be confirmed in larger cohorts.
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Jemere T, Kefale B. Metabolic syndrome and its associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1021-1031. [PMID: 34222097 PMCID: PMC8212201 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common complex entity that has emerged as a worldwide epidemic and major public health concern. The incidence of MetS often parallels the incidence of obesity and it is even worst among people living with comorbidities like; HIV/AIDS, hypertension, and mental illness. Therefore, there was an urgent need to summarize the extent and risk factors of MetS in Ethiopia. METHODOLOGY This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guideline to investigate the prevalence of MetS and contributing factors. English language-based databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, and Cochrane library) were exhaustively searched to identify studies related to the prevalence of MetS. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of MetS, and it was computed using STATA 16.0 software. Heterogeneity analysis was reported using I2. RESULT A total of 25 studies with 21,431 study participants were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of MetS was 30.0% (95% CI: 24.0-36.0%, I2 = 99.19%, p < 0.001) with a high degree of heterogeneity across studies. Subgroup analysis with the target population showed that metabolic syndrome was most prevalent among type II diabetic 56% (95% CI: 47 - 64) and hypertensive patients 44% (95% CI: 35 - 53). Increased age, female gender, being overweight and obese, having a high educational level and income, physical inactivity, and being on treatment of chronic diseases like, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and HIV/AIDS were the most frequently reported risk factors of MetS regardless of the study population. CONCLUSION The prevalence of the MetS is high and rising in Ethiopia. Therefore, the preventative strategy should be considered to reduce the risk of morbidity or mortality related to metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeg Jemere
- Physiology Unit and Research Team, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, PO Box 272, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Belayneh Kefale
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit and Research Team, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, PO Box 272, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia
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Alomar AO, Shaheen MF, Almaneea AS, Althaqeb EK, Alshahrani ZM, Jarman YA, Alhabdan S. The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Metabolic Syndrome: A Three-center Experience in Saudi Arabia. Obes Surg 2021; 31:3630-3636. [PMID: 34046824 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases in parallel with the increasing incidence of obesity. Hence, bariatric surgery is potentially curative in obese patients with MetS. We aim to measure the effect of bariatric surgery as well as the potential factors leading to MetS resolution in the Saudi population. METHODS A retrospective review of three tertiary care centers in Saudi Arabia was done. We identified 386 patients who have MetS and underwent bariatric surgery during the period between January 2016 and December 2018. After exclusion of patients with insufficient follow-up, data from 275 patients was analyzed. MetS diagnosis, persistence, and resolution were determined using the International Diabetes Federation consensus worldwide definition. RESULTS MetS resolution was achieved in 78%, 79%, 73%, and 82% at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years after bariatric surgery, respectively. Accumulatively, 80% achieved MetS resolution with an average follow-up period of two and a half years. Patients who experienced resolution had younger age, lower BMI, lower systolic blood pressure, lower triglycerides, lower fasting plasma glucose, and lower HbA1c preoperatively in addition to a higher percentage of excess weight loss after bariatric surgery when compared to those who had persistence of MetS. CONCLUSION More than three fourths of patients with MetS achieved resolution after bariatric surgery. Certain patient characteristics, such as young age and higher excess weight loss postoperatively, were associated with a higher chance of MetS resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman O Alomar
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Shaheen
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Organ Transplant Center and Hepatobiliary Sciences Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdallh S Almaneea
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eyad K Althaqeb
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad M Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed A Jarman
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alhabdan
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Musharaf S, Aljuraiban G, Bogis R, Alnafisah R, Aldhwayan M, Tahrani A. Lifestyle changes associated with COVID-19 quarantine among young Saudi women: A prospective study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250625. [PMID: 33914800 PMCID: PMC8084143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative lifestyle behaviors are associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study aimed to assess lifestyle changes affecting weight, sleep, mental health, physical activity, and dietary habits prospectively from before COVID-19 to during lockdown. METHODS A total of 297 Saudi women, aged 19-30 years (mean age, 20.7 ± 1.4 years), were interviewed at two time points, before and during the quarantine. The data collected included anthropometrics, sociodemographic data, clinical history, food frequency questionnaire responses, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) responses, and Perceived Stress Scale measures. In addition, during quarantine, COVID-19 and nutrition-related information and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores were collected. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the indicators of weight gain and loss from before COVID-19 (baseline) until during lockdown. RESULTS Although approximately half of the participants did not report a weight change, 30% revealed weight loss and 18%, weight gain. The variables associated with increased weight gain were self-quarantine since COVID-19 started (OR: 5.17, 95% CI: 1.57-17.01, p = 0.007), age (OR: 1.53, 1.03-2.28, p = 0.04), and stress at baseline and during lockdown (OR: 1.15, 1.03-1.29, p = 0.01; OR: 1.10, 1.01-1.19, p = 0.03, respectively). The variables associated with a reduced risk of weight gain were the GPAQ score during lockdown (OR: 0.16, 0.04-0.66, p = 0.01), coffee consumption (OR: 0.36, 0.19-0.67, p = 0.01), and total sleep time (OR: 0.70, 0.51-0.97, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION While most young Saudi women experienced no weight change during the COVID-19 lockdown, one-third lost weight and a significant proportion gained weight. Factors associated with weight, such as stress, sleep hours, physical activity, and coffee consumption, highlight the need to carefully consider those at risk during future circumstances that may require lockdowns. These factors could also aid in implementing policies for future lockdowns and support those most at risk of gaining weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al-Musharaf
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Bogis
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruyuf Alnafisah
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madhawi Aldhwayan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd Tahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Metabolic Syndrome: Prevalence and Risk Factors among Adolescent Female Intermediate and Secondary Students in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042142. [PMID: 33671739 PMCID: PMC7926656 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) has become one of the major challenges to public health worldwide due to its significant association with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among children and adolescents. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of MS in Saudi adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two female National Guard schools (Um Kalthoom Intermediate School and Zainab Bint Jahsh Secondary School) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2018 and March 2018. Of the 808 female students, 172 (age range of 12–19 years) participated voluntarily, with consent from their guardian(s), fasted for at least 8 h prior to the study, and represent the final study sample. Male students were not included due to cultural constraints in conducting the study. Demographic data, physical measurement (blood pressure, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)), and biochemical measurement (fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein) were obtained. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria was utilized in the diagnosis of MS. Results: Of the 172 female adolescents, 24 (13.75%) are overweight, 20 (11.63%) are obese, and 3 (1.74%) are underweight. High-fasting plasma glucose (n = 85, 49.41%) and high waist circumference (n = 74, 43.02%) were the most common risk factors of MS among female adolescents. The overall prevalence of MS was 7% (n = 12/172). MS is more common among those who are obese or among those with a BMI that falls at the ≥95th percentile (n = 6/20, 30.0%) (p < 0.05) as compared to those who are overweight with a BMI that falls within the 85th to <95th percentiles (n = 2/24, 8.33%). Interestingly, 3.20% of the sample (n = 4/125) with normal BMI were diagnosed with MS. Conclusions: Our study indicates that MS is common among obese and overweight female adolescents but is also present among those who are not obese or with normal BMI. Moreover, the prevalence of overweight, obese, and those with MS in this reference population are lower compared to the cities of Makkah and Riyadh; however, it varies widely around the world due to different criteria and cut-off values in the diagnosis of MS.
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Al-Dawood E, Zafar M. Association between metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density among menopausal Saudi women: Case-control study. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:26. [PMID: 34169038 PMCID: PMC8214043 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis are two of the world's major healthcare issues. There are several studies which explored the association between MetS and bone mineral density (BMD), but all of them are cross-sectional. These studies cover all populations, including expatriated, which did not determine the actual problem among Saudi women. This is the first case-control study that determines the causal relationship between MetS and BMD. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome and bone mass density among Saudi menopausal women in Eastern Province - Saudi Arabia.
Methods: It’s a case-control study and 380 menopausal Saudi women were selected through simple random sampling. They were divided into 190 cases with osteoporosis and 190 without osteoporosis. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at the total hip was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). T score was calculated. The association between the risk factors of MetS and bone mineral density was determined by binary logistic regression analysis using SPSS (statistical package of social science) software.
Results: Among women, the prevalence of MetS was substantially higher in those with osteoporosis. The Mets is positively correlated with bone mineral density. (r=0.08, p=0.051). The occurrence of MetS was associated with increased osteoporosis among Saudi women (B=0.004; p=0.005) after adjustment of confounders. The existence of obesity was significantly associated with increased odds of Bone marrow density among women (OR 2.56; 95 % CI, 2.22-3.44; p=0.030) after adjustment of confounders.
Conclusion: The incidence of MetS was associated with osteoporosis in Saudi women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essra Al-Dawood
- Primary Health Care Centre, Ministry of Health, Al-Jubail, KSA
| | - Mubashir Zafar
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, KSA
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Aldawood E, Zafar M. Metabolic Syndrome In Saudi Women With Low Bone Mineral Density. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2020.0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ― Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the world's major public health problem. Objectives ― Assessment of metabolic syndrome impact on bone mineral density (BMD) among Saudi menopausal women in Eastern Province – Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods ― It’s a case control study and 380 menopausal Saudi women were selected through stratified random sampling; they are divided into 190 cases with osteoporosis and 190 without osteoporosis. BMD at the total hip were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The T score was calculated, the relationship between the risk factors of MetS and bone mineral density were analyzed by statistical methods. Results ― Prevalence of MetS was substantially higher among osteoprotic women. The MetS is significantly correlated with bone mineral density (r=0.08, P=0.05). The occurrence of MetS was associated with increased osteoporosis among Saudi women (B=0.004; 0.05) after adjustment of confounders. The presence of obesity (component of MetS) was significantly associated with increased odds of Bone marrow density among women (OR 2.56, 95% CI, 2.22–3.44, P=0.030) after adjustment of confounders. Conclusion ― MetS was significantly associated with an osteoporosis in Saudi women.
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Ajlouni K, Khader Y, Alyousfi M, Al Nsour M, Batieha A, Jaddou H. Metabolic syndrome amongst adults in Jordan: prevalence, trend, and its association with socio-demographic characteristics. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:100. [PMID: 33292456 PMCID: PMC7672879 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple epidemiological studies were conducted amongst a variety of ethnic groups and showed discrepancies in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MeS) and its individual components. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MeS in Jordan using both the Adult Treatment Panel Guidelines (ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The study also aimed to assess the changes in the prevalence of MeS over time and determine its association with sociodemographic variables. METHODS Data from the 2017 Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Survey were used for this study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were taken for biochemical measurements. Furthermore, anthropometric characteristics were measured by the same team of trained field researchers. A sample of 4,056 individuals aged between 18 and 90 years was included in this study. The findings from the 2017 survey were compared with the findings of a 2009 survey that adopted the same methods and procedures. RESULTS According to the IDF criteria, the crude prevalence of Metabolic syndrome was 48.2% (52.9% among men and 46.2% among women; p < 0.001). Using the ATP III criteria, the prevalence was 44.1% (51.4% among men and 41% among women, p < 0.001). The age-standardized prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome was 44% (95% CI 42.7, 45.4) and 39.9% (95% CI 39.6, 41.2), according to both the IDF definition and ATP III criteria, respectively. The Kappa measure of agreement showed excellent agreement between the two definitions (k = 81.9%, p < 0.001). Of all participants, 41.7% met both the IDF and ATP III diagnostic criteria, 6.6% met the IDF criteria only, and 2.5% met the ATP III criteria only. The age-standardized prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in 2017 (45.7% in men and 44.5% in women) than that in 2009 survey (34.6% in men and 39.8% in women). Gender, age, occupation, region, and marital status were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Jordan is considerably high and it is increasing. Healthy lifestyle programs encouraging appropriate dietary habits and physical activity are strongly recommended in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Ajlouni
- The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, The Jordan University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
| | - Mohamad Alyousfi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohannad Al Nsour
- The Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Amman, Jordan
| | - Anwar Batieha
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hashem Jaddou
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid, Irbid, Jordan
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Aljuhani O, Alkahtani S, Alhussain M, Smith L, Habib SS. Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Metabolic Syndrome in Saudi Adult Males. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:1839-1847. [PMID: 33061717 PMCID: PMC7533270 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s267575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The association between objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity with metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been rarely investigated in Saudi Arabia. The purpose of the current study was to examine the association of objectively measured sedentary, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with MetS among Saudi adult males. Materials and Methods The study participants were 103 males from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (mean age = 54.9 ± 10.6 years). Metabolic syndrome was defined based on having three or more of cardiometabolic risk factors. Triaxial accelerometers were used to measure the time spent on sedentary and physical activities across 7 days. A minimum four days with ≥10 hours of wearing time per day were considered a valid data. Binary logistics regression models were performed to examine the association of sedentary and physical activity levels with MetS vs no MetS. Model 1 was unadjusted, models 2, 3, and 4 were mutually controlled for sedentary, light, and MVPA intensities. Results About 38% of males in the present study were classified as having MetS as demonstrated by a significant (p<0.05) decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and a significant (p<0.05) increase in body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure, glucose, and triglycerides compared to those without MetS. In addition, low levels of LPA (less than 6.3 hours per day) were significantly associated with the risk of having MetS, independent of sedentary and MVPA (odds ratio (OR) 4.26-6.96). The results showed that the associations between sedentary tertiles and MetS were not statistically significant. Levels of MVPA were also not significantly associated with an increased risk of developing MetS in all models. Conclusion This study showed that low levels of LPA were significantly associated with the risk of having MetS in Saudi males from Riyadh city, independent of MVPA and sedentary time. The results suggest that future intervention studies should assess the positive effect of increasing levels of LPA in reducing the risk of developing MetS in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Aljuhani
- Department of Physical Education, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaea Alkahtani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alhussain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Syed Shahid Habib
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Musharaf S. Prevalence and Predictors of Emotional Eating among Healthy Young Saudi Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2923. [PMID: 32987773 PMCID: PMC7598723 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional eating (EE) is prevalent among women and is associated with obesity. The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and mandatory quarantine increased the risk of mental symptoms and, inferentially, emotional eating (EE). We investigated the EE prevalence and predictors during this pandemic. Overall, 638 women, ages 18-39, completed an online survey incorporating the Emotional Eating Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. We asked about nutrition and collected data on weight, height, and pandemic responses. Most respondents (47.2%) reported low EE; 40.4% were "moderate" and 12.4% "high" emotional eaters; 42.8% reported depression, 27% anxiety, 71% moderate stress, and 12.5% severe stress. The main EE indicators/predictors were fat intake (β = 0.192, p = 0.004), number of meals (β = 0.187, p < 0.001), sugar consumption (β = 0.150, p < 0.001), body mass index (β = 0.149, p < 0.001), stress (β = 0.143, p = 0.004), energy intake (β = 0.134, p = 0.04), and fast food intake frequency (β = 0.111, p < 0.01). EE score correlated negatively with increased family income (β = -0.081, p = 0.049). Higher stress correlated with worse sleep, less sleep, and less physical activity. Emotional eating is common among young Saudi women during the pandemic. We recommend healthy food choices and increased physical activity to improve sleep and mitigate stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al-Musharaf
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; ; Tel.: +966-11-8050646
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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AlMalki MH, Ahmad MM, Buhary BM, Aljawair R, Alyamani A, Alhozali A, Alshahrani A, Alzahrani S, Nasser T, Alzahrani W, Raef H, Aldawish M, Elkhzaimy A. Clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of patients with acromegaly in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective analysis. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:377-383. [PMID: 32388630 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acromegaly is a rare disease resulting in clinical sequelae with significant morbidity and mortality due to the central tumor mass effect and prolonged growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion. OBJECTIVES The goal is to describe the epidemiology, clinical features, presence of comorbidities, and treatment outcomes of acromegaly in Saudi Arabia. METHODS Data was collected through a retrospective review of the charts of all patients diagnosed with acromegaly from nine major hospitals in Saudi Arabia over a period of more than 25 years. RESULTS A total of 195 patients (116 males and 79 females), with a mean age at diagnosis of 43 ± 12 (males) and 46 ± 14 years (females), from nine major hospitals were identified and included in the analysis. All cases were caused by pituitary adenomas, of which 92.4% were macroadenomas. Headache, coarse facial features, acral growth, and sweating/oily skin were by far the most frequent presenting complaints. The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (51.7%), followed by hypertension (50%) and visual field defect (30.5%). The vast majority (95%) of patients were treated surgically (98%). Twenty-four percent also received radiotherapy, and 74.4% received medical therapy. When stringent criteria were applied for assessment of outcomes of therapy, 28.7% of the patients were cured and 30.1% had their disease under control, while 28.7% were found to have active disease despite receiving multimodal therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the need for a national acromegaly registry to enable early identification, evaluation, and selection of the best therapeutic approaches to improve the outcome and remission rate of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mussa Hussain AlMalki
- Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center. King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maswood M Ahmad
- Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center. King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badurudeen M Buhary
- Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center. King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Aljawair
- Department of Endocrinology, King Fahad Military & Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Alyamani
- Department of Endocrinology, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alhozali
- Department of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Alshahrani
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of National Guard Health Affair, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alzahrani
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Nasser
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of National Guard Health Affair, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Alzahrani
- Department of Endocrinology, Prince Sultan Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Raef
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Aldawish
- Department of Endocrinology, Prince Sultan Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah Elkhzaimy
- Department of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Musharaf S, Aljuraiban GS, Danish Hussain S, Alnaami AM, Saravanan P, Al-Daghri N. Low Serum Vitamin B12 Levels Are Associated with Adverse Lipid Profiles in Apparently Healthy Young Saudi Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2395. [PMID: 32785129 PMCID: PMC7468727 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An abnormal lipid profile is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and lipid profile is inconclusive, with most studies conducted in unhealthy populations. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between serum vitamin B12 levels and lipid profiles in a cross-sectional study that included 341 apparently healthy Saudi women, aged 19-30 years, from different colleges at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and lifestyle data were collected, including diet and physical activity. Serum vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as serum B12 level of <148 pmol/L. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was approximately 0.6%. Using multivariable linear regression models, serum vitamin B12 levels were found to be inversely associated with total cholesterol (B = -0.26; p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (B = -0.30; p < 0.001), and triglyceride (B = -0.16; p < 0.01) after adjusting for potential confounders, while obesity indices of body mass index, central obesity, and fat percentage showed no association. Therefore, we conclude that low serum vitamin B12 levels are independently associated with abnormal lipid profiles in healthy young Saudi women. Further interventional studies are needed to determine whether improving serum vitamin B12 levels in a healthy population can improve lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al-Musharaf
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.A.-D.)
| | - Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Danish Hussain
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.A.-D.)
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.A.-D.)
| | - Ponnusamy Saravanan
- Population, Evidence and Technologies, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2 DX, UK
- Academic Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton CV10 7DJ, UK
| | - Nasser Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.A.-D.)
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Santos FAAD, Back IDC, Giehl MWC, Fassula AS, Boing AF, González-Chica DA. Level of leisure-time physical activity and its association with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adults: a population-based study. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2020; 23:e200070. [PMID: 32638850 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the associations between changes in the level of leisure-time physical activity in adults and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. METHODS This is a population-based study conducted with 818 adults aged 20 years or older from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, between 2009 and 2014. We tested the association of maintenance and/or changes in the level of physical activity with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, adjusted for sociodemographic variables (gender, age, schooling, income, marital status, and ethnicity) and smoking habits. We used logistic regression and estimated the odds ratios (OR) and their respective confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30.9% (95%CI 27.2-34.7). Regardless of adjustment variables, adults who ceased to be active and/or remained physically inactive during leisure time in the study period presented, respectively, 108 and 124% higher odds of developing metabolic syndrome (OR=2.08; 95%CI 1.30-3.33 and OR=2.24; 95%CI 1.38-3.65). Women and individuals younger than 45 years showed lower odds of having metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS This sample presented a significant association between remaining or becoming inactive and a greater chance of developing metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela De Carlos Back
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maruí Weber Corseuil Giehl
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Fernando Boing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Sanai FM, Abaalkhail F, Hasan F, Farooqi MH, Nahdi NA, Younossi ZM. Management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Middle East. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3528-3541. [PMID: 32742124 PMCID: PMC7366060 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i25.3528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the Middle East is increasing in parallel to an increase in the prevalence of associated risk factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. About 20% to 30% of the patients progress to develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a histological subtype of NAFLD, with features of hepatocyte injury such as hepatocyte ballooning. NASH can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD thus causes a substantial burden on healthcare systems and it is imperative that appropriate strategies are discussed at a regional level to facilitate effective management tailored to the needs of the region. To fulfil this unmet need, expert gastroenterologists, hepatologists, and endocrinologists from the region came together in three advisory board meetings that were conducted in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait, to discuss current local challenges in NAFLD screening and diagnosis, and the different available management options. The experts discussed the disease burden of NAFLD/NASH in the Middle East; screening, diagnosis, and referral patterns in NAFLD; and available treatment options for NAFLD and NASH. This paper summarizes the discussions and opinion of the expert panel on the management of NAFLD/NASH and also presents an extensive literature review on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal M Sanai
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Abaalkhail
- Department of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Liver Transplant, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Hasan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Nawal Al Nahdi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dubai Health Authority, Rashid hospital, Dubai 00000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA 22042, United States
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Al Asoom LI, Al Afandi DT, Al Abdulhadi AS, Rafique N, Chathoth S, Al Sunni AA. Protective Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms rs1861868-FTO and rs7975232-VDR and Obesity in Saudi Females. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:235-241. [PMID: 32547165 PMCID: PMC7266403 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s251466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a major health threat worldwide. It predisposes individuals to diabetes, cardiovascular complications, and cancer. Genetic and environmental factors are responsible for the increasing incidence of obesity. In this study, we investigated the genetic factors associated with obesity in young Saudi women. Subjects and Methods In this cross-sectional study, 131 young Saudi female students were recruited. Body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio, blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and vitamin D3 levels of the subjects were determined. Twelve SNPs of different genes that showed a correlation with obesity in different population were tested, namely GNPDA2 (rs10938397), TCF7L2 (rs10885409), FTO (rs1477196), ADIPOQ (rs1501299), MC4R (rs17782313), ABCA1 (rs1800977), FTO (rs1861868), VDR (rs2228570), VDR (rs731236), VDR (rs7975232), ADIPOQ (rs266729), and PFPK (rs6602024). Student’s t-test was conducted for all parameters. Pearson correlation was performed to identify the correlated variables. The frequencies of different risk alleles were determined by direct counting of the test allele divided by the total number of alleles and compared. Results Only two SNPs, rs1861868 of FTO and rs7975232 of VDR, of the twelve tested SNPs showed significant protective associations with the BMI with odds ratio 0.3886 (0.1761–0.8572); p 0.0192 and odds ratio 0.4563 (0.2343–0.8888); p 0.0211, respectively. Conclusion The current study showed that minor alleles, “T” of FTO and “A” of VDR, might be protective factors against increased BMI in young Saudi female subjects. To elucidate this association, further studies with larger sample size involving both sexes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Ibrahim Al Asoom
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina Tariq Al Afandi
- Pediatrics Department, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nazish Rafique
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahanas Chathoth
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Al Sunni
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Abulmeaty MMA, Aljuraiban GS, Alaidarous TA, Alkahtani NM. Body Composition and the Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes: The Roles of Disease Duration and Glycemic Control. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1051-1059. [PMID: 32308455 PMCID: PMC7147622 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s248842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Data about body compositional changes throughout the course of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are limited and inconsistent. We investigated the roles of the disease duration and glycemic control in T2D-associated changes of body composition and the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 25 non-diabetic controls and 92 individuals aged 20-60 years with T2D were included in a case-control study conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Based on disease duration (newly diagnosed: within the first year and long duration: ≥5 years) and glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1C] level ≤7%), the patients were divided into the following groups: newly diagnosed and controlled (N&C, n=25), newly diagnosed and uncontrolled (N&U, n=17), old and controlled (O&C, n=25), and old and uncontrolled (O&U, n=25). Blood samples were collected to assess fasting blood glucose level, HbA1C level, and lipid profile. Anthropometric data were evaluated, and body composition was assessed using a bio-impedancemetry analyzer. Nonparametric tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the fat mass (FM) was significantly higher in all groups; furthermore, the fat mass/fat-free mass (FM/FFM) ratio was significantly higher in the N&C. The N&U and O&U groups showed significantly higher percentages of all components of MetS. Among all selected independent factors, only age increased the likelihood of MetS diagnosis by 7% (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.004-1.149; P<0.05). Besides, age, gender, adherence to diet regimen, and T2D duration showed lower odds of increased FM/FFM ratio. CONCLUSION This study provided evidence about the impact of T2D on body composition and the other components of MetS. Thus, further characterization of T2D contributes to defining the etiology of the disease to detect and treat poor cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M A Abulmeaty
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer S Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thuraya A Alaidarous
- Clinical Nutrition Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura M Alkahtani
- Department of Endocrinology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Said MA, Abdelmoneem M, Alibrahim MC, Elsebee MA, Kotb AAH. Effects of diet versus diet plus aerobic and resistance exercise on metabolic syndrome in obese young men. J Exerc Sci Fit 2020; 18:101-108. [PMID: 32351586 PMCID: PMC7183206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and physical activity are the most commonly recommended strategies for preventing and treating metabolic syndrome (MetS). This randomized trial aims to examine the effectiveness of a weight reduction intervention based on caloric restriction, low-impact aerobics (LIA), and a resistance-training program in improving body composition, metabolic parameters and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among obese students diagnosed with MetS. Methods In all, 23 male participants, aged 19–24 years, were randomly introduced to a dieting program (the diet group, or DG = 09) or to dieting associated with a supervised physical training program (the diet plus training group, or DTG = 14). Before and after the intervention, the participants’ anthropometric measures and cardiovascular disease risk factors were assessed. Results Following the diet-based intervention, significant improvements were noted in BMI (p = 0.39), PBF (p = 0.022) and LDL-c (p = 0.024). However, in response to the diet plus aerobic and resistance exercise intervention, obese participants had significant reductions in body weight (p = 0.018), WC (p = 0.042), BMI (p = 0.001), BFP (p < 0.001), DBP (p = 0.013), SBP (p = 0.016), TG level (p = 0.026), TC (p = 0.016), LDL-c (p = 0.001) and VLDL-c (p = 0.026). Notable differences were also observed between groups in terms of changes in WC (p = 0.003), BFP (p = 0.05), WHR (p = 0.029), FBG level (p = 0.022), TG level (p = 0.001), TC (p = 0.006), LDL-c (p = 0.014) and VLDL-c (p < 0.001). Conclusion Diet-based intervention could be an effective tool in reducing body composition and some MetS components. However, adding three weekly aerobic and resistance-training sessions to the dieting program may deliver better outcomes, particularly in terms of reducing WC, BFP, WHR, FBG level, TG level, TC, LDL-c, and VLDL-c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Said
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abdelmoneem
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ahmed Abdel Hamed Kotb
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
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