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Miao Y, Zhang J, Shen Z, Li Y, Zhang W, Bai J, Zhu D, Ren R, Guo D, Tarimo CS, Dong W, Zhao Q, Hu J, Li M, Liu R. Impacts of travel duration on urban-rural resident free vaccination behavior: Chinese COVID-19 vaccine booster dose evidence. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2352914. [PMID: 38845401 PMCID: PMC11164221 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2352914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate how the duration of travel affects the behavior of urban and rural residents regarding free COVID-19 vaccination, and provide scientific evidence for promoting free vaccination and building an immune barrier to cope with future epidemics. From August 3, 2022 to February,18,2023, A follow-up survey was conducted in urban and rural adults in four cities in China to collect information on socio-demographic factors, vaccination status and travel time for vaccination. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was deployed to measure the net difference of the enhanced vaccination rate between urban and rural residents in different traffic time distribution. A total of 5780 samples were included in the study. The vaccination rate of the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among rural residents was higher than that of urban residents with a significant P-value (69.36% VS 64.49%,p < .001). The traffic time had a significant negative impact on the COVID-19 booster vaccination behavior of urban and rural residents. There was a significant interaction between the travel time to the vaccination point and the level of trust in doctors. Travel time had a negative impact on the free vaccination behavior of both urban and rural residents. The government should optimize and expand the number of vaccination sites and enhance residents' trust in the medical system. This is crucial for promoting free vaccination and effective epidemic management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Miao
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingbao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhanlei Shen
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wanliang Zhang
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junwen Bai
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongfang Zhu
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruizhe Ren
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Clifford Silver Tarimo
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Dar es salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Wenyong Dong
- Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiuping Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Health Management of Chronic Diseases, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Henan Medical Communication, Henan Medical Communication and Project Forward Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Miaojun Li
- Henan Medical Communication, Henan Medical Communication and Project Forward Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rongmei Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Health Management of Chronic Diseases, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Guo Z, Li X, Bian J, Zhang W, Lu Z, Sun Y, Gao Y, Fu L, Zou H. Young adults' intention to encourage COVID-19 vaccination among their grandparents: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of college students in China. Vaccine X 2024; 16:100439. [PMID: 38283624 PMCID: PMC10818072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During a vaccination plateau phase, traditional vaccination promotion strategies such as the mobilization of government and community appear to have limited impact on expanding the coverage. New strategies to promote vaccination are needed especially in older adults. Our study aimed to assess college students' intention to encourage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination among their grandparents and its correlates. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in China from May to June 2022. We collected information on socio-demographics of college students and their grandparents, constructs of health belief model (HBM) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) for college students, and college students' intention to encourage COVID-19 vaccination among their grandparents. Multilevel logistic regression models were performed to assess correlates of intention. Results We enrolled 2681 college students who reported information for 6302 grandparents. 2272 students (84.7 %) intended to encourage COVID-19 vaccination for 4744 (75.3 %) grandparents. Intention was associated with having received a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine (AOR 3.28, 95 % CI 1.68-6.42), having ever lived with their grandparents (2.07, 1.46-2.93), and having grandparents who regularly went outdoors (2.85, 1.70-4.76). HBM and TPB models showed that college students who had higher levels of perceived susceptibility (1.79, 1.12-2.87), perceived severity (1.52, 1.12-2.06) of COVID-19 among their grandparents, and higher levels of subjective norms (2.88, 1.61-5.15) were more likely to have the intention. Conclusion College students' intention to encourage COVID-19 vaccination among their grandparents was high. It may be potentially viable to engage college students in promoting COVID-19 and other routine vaccination among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Guo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Junye Bian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yanxiao Gao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leiwen Fu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Lv L, Wu XD, Yan HJ, Zhao SY, Zhang XD, Zhu KL. The disparity in hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccination between older individuals in nursing homes and those in the community in Taizhou, China. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:828. [PMID: 38066433 PMCID: PMC10709861 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Older individuals are priority coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine recipients. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of and factors influencing vaccine hesitancy in older individuals living in nursing homes and communities. METHODS A self-administered COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy survey was conducted from September 2021 to December 2021 among people aged ≥ 60 years in eight nursing homes (382 participants) and the community (112 participants) in Taizhou, China. The response rate was 72.1% (382/530) for older adults in nursing homes and 68.7% (112/163) for older adults in the community. RESULTS We found that 58.1% of the older individuals in nursing homes and 36.6% of those in the community were hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and that there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression results indicated that the main factors influencing hesitation among the older individuals in nursing homes were being male (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.67, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.01-2.76); their cognitive level, including having a high perceived risk of COVID-19 infection (OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.73-5.43) or the perception of low vaccine safety (OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.545- 6.145); anxiety (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.96-5.99); and no previous influenza vaccination (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.13-2.93); whereas those for older individuals in the community were comorbid chronic diseases (OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.11- 8.78) and community workers not recommending the vaccine (OR = 8.223, 95% CI: 1.77-38.27). CONCLUSION The proportion of older individuals in nursing homes who were hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was significantly higher than for older individuals in the community. Targeted measures should be implemented to reduce vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination rates in response to the special environment of nursing homes and the characteristics of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lv
- The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xu-Dong Wu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huan-Jun Yan
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuang-Ying Zhao
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke-Lei Zhu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Li X, Wang B, Peng X, Zhang W, Lu Z, Patiguli A, Liu X, Liu Y, Luo Z, Dong X, Zou H. Knowledge and willingness toward SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen testing among older adults in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:3127-3136. [PMID: 37962764 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The end of the zero-COVID-19 policy placed a large number of older adults in China at increased risk of COVID-19 infection. SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen testing (RAT) is a promising tool for scaling up testing and ensuring that patient management and public health measures can be implemented without delay. We aimed to understand the knowledge and willingness of RAT, and its correlates among older adults in China. METHODS A nationwide cross-sectional survey on knowledge and willingness about RAT among older adults in China was conducted between January 14 and 28, 2023, shortly after the end of the zero-COVID-19 policy. An online questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, health characteristics, sources to access RAT information, and attitudes toward COVID-19 and its RAT. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of knowledge of RAT and willingness to take RAT among older adults. RESULTS A total of 1030 older adults (494 women and 536 men, mean age 68.7 ± 7.0 years) were recruited. 49.4% of the participants had a high level of RAT knowledge. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases (0.70, 0.49-0.99), learning RAT from new media (5.46, 3.48-8.68) and traditional media (3.35, 2.13-5.34), and perceiving RAT as convenient (4.03, 2.80-5.85) were associated with levels of RAT knowledge. 53.3% of the participants were willing to take RAT. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, learning RAT from new media (8.46, 5.26-14.0) and traditional media (1.63, 1.04-2.55), perceiving RAT as convenient (2.97, 2.10-4.22), and worrying about (re)infection with COVID-19 (2.12, 1.55-2.92) were associated with willingness to take RAT. CONCLUSION The levels of RAT knowledge and willingness to take RAT among older adults in China may hinder the scale-up of RAT. Health education about RAT should be strengthened among older adults. Special efforts should be made to integrate traditional and new media to promote RAT among older adults, specifically, for virus susceptibility and the convenience of RAT. Given the reopening of society, our study could inform our response to future novel infectious diseases and aid in the timely scale-up of RAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Peng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aibaiyeti Patiguli
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuqing Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaxuan Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zixin Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxi Dong
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Zhang Y, Li H, Xu X, Antwi HA. On the momentum toward vaccine self-sufficiency in the BRICS: an integrative review of the role of pharmaceutical entrepreneurship and innovation. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1116092. [PMID: 37876712 PMCID: PMC10591189 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1116092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the perspicuous effect of COVID-19 on vaccine demand, academic and business interest in vaccine production in the BRICS nations (Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China, and South Africa) has reached a crescendo. Aware of a "dark" past when the BRICS depended heavily on vaccines and pharmaceuticals from other parts of the world, academic curiosity on how the BRICS countries have leveraged vaccine self-sufficiency and become the hub of global vaccine production and supply is justifiable, especially in times of ineffable pandemics. Methods The articles were searched from November 2020 to December 2022. Within this period, an electronic search of 13 reputable healthcare and public databases was conducted. The initial searches from the designated databases yielded a total of 3,928 articles. Then, duplicated studies were removed through a two-step process, articles without titles and abstracts were excluded, and the remaining 898 articles that met the qualification assessment criteria were evaluated for article quality. Results The main entrepreneurial innovations that have quickened the pace of vaccine self-sufficiency in the BRICS include investment in artificial intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics, and Blockchain technologies. These help to speed up the drug delivery process by enhancing patient identification or optimizing potential drug candidates for clinical trials and production. Conclusion Over the past 20 years, the BRICS nations have achieved major strides in vaccine development, regulation, and production. The creation of the BRICS Vaccine Research and Development (R&D) Center will have a significant impact on vaccine cost and accessibility given the anticipated development of stronger research capability, production, and distribution technology, as well as stronger standardization to improve vaccine production quality in the near future. It is anticipated that the BRICS' contributions to vaccine development will alter the global vaccination market and hasten the availability of vaccinations in developing nations. The challenge is turning these hopes into concrete plans of action and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongbo Li
- School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinglong Xu
- School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Henry Asante Antwi
- Medical Insurance and Public Policy Research Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Mudenda S, Meyer JC, Fadare JO, Ogunleye OO, Saleem Z, Matafwali SK, Daka V, Chabalenge B, Chama J, Mukosha M, Skosana P, Witika BA, Kalungia AC, Hamachila A, Mufwambi W, Godman B. COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among adolescents and youths: Findings and implications for future vaccination programmes. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002385. [PMID: 37729153 PMCID: PMC10511127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents and youths are a key part of the population that needs to be protected against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This is because they are more likely to spread the virus to vulnerable individuals. In view of these concerns, this study investigated the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and associated factors among adolescents and youths attending secondary schools in Zambia. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1500 school-going adolescents in Lusaka from September 2022 to November 2022. Overall, 1409 participants took part giving a response rate of 94%. Only 29.2% (n = 411) of the participants were vaccinated against COVID-19 at the time of the study. Compared to their unvaccinated counterparts, vaccinated adolescents and youths scored higher for knowledge (66.2% vs 57.8%) and attitudes (76.7% vs 39.4%) regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Healthcare workers, family/friends and social media were key sources of information regarding the vaccine. Factors associated with increased vaccine uptake were positive attitudes (AOR = 33.62, 95% CI: 19.92-56.73), indicating it was stressful to follow COVID-19 preventive measures (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09-1.99), participants in Grade 12 (AOR = 3.39, 95% CI: 1.94-5.91), Grade 11 (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.94-5.91), Grade 10 (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI: 1.98-6.11) and Grade 9 (AOR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.74-5.32) compared to Grade 8. This study found a relatively low uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among adolescents and youths in Zambia. There is a need to provide adequate strategies to address knowledge and attitude gaps regarding COVID-19 vaccines to improve uptake and reduce future morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Joseph O. Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka O. Ogunleye
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Zikria Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Scott K. Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Daka
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Billy Chabalenge
- Department of Medicines Control, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jacob Chama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Moses Mukosha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- HIV and Women’s Health Research Group, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Phumzile Skosana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Aubrey C. Kalungia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Audrey Hamachila
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Webrod Mufwambi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Mudenda S, Daka V, Matafwali SK, Skosana P, Chabalenge B, Mukosha M, Fadare JO, Mfune RL, Witika BA, Alumeta MG, Mufwambi W, Godman B, Meyer JC, Bwalya AG. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers in Lusaka, Zambia; Findings and Implications for the Future. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1350. [PMID: 37631918 PMCID: PMC10459437 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The uptake of COVID-19 vaccines is critical to address the severe consequences of the disease. Previous studies have suggested that many healthcare workers (HCWs) are hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, further enhancing hesitancy rates within countries. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy levels are currently unknown among HCWs in Zambia, which is a concern given the burden of infectious diseases in the country. Consequently, this study assessed COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among HCWs in Lusaka, Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 HCWs between August and September 2022, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was used to determine the key factors associated with vaccine hesitancy among HCWs. Of the 240 HCWs who participated, 54.2% were females. A total of 72.1% of the HCWs would accept being vaccinated, while 27.9% were hesitant. Moreover, 93.3% of HCWs had positive attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines, with medical doctors having the highest mean attitude score (82%). Encouragingly, HCWs with positive attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines had reduced odds of being hesitant (AOR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.11, p < 0.001). Overall, acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs in Lusaka, Zambia, was high, especially by those with positive attitudes. However, the current hesitancy among some HCWs is a concern. Consequently, there is a need to address this and encourage HCWs to fully promote vaccination programs going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Victor Daka
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola 21692, Zambia; (V.D.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Scott K. Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
| | - Phumzile Skosana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
| | - Billy Chabalenge
- Department of Medicines Control, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka 31890, Zambia;
| | - Moses Mukosha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Joseph O. Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University College of Medicine, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria;
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
| | - Ruth L. Mfune
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola 21692, Zambia; (V.D.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
| | - Mirriam G. Alumeta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Webrod Mufwambi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi Street, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Angela G. Bwalya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
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Bian J, Guo Z, Zhang W, Li X, Sun C, Xu X, Zou H. College students' influence on COVID-19 vaccination uptake among seniors in China: a protocol of combined cross-sectional and experimental study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1322. [PMID: 37430252 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students generally have good knowledge about COVID-19 and may facilitate COVID-19 vaccination in family. The purpose of this study is to understand college students' willingness to persuade their grandparents to initiate COVID-19 vaccination and the effect of their persuasion. METHODS A combined cross-sectional and experimental study will be conducted online. In the cross-sectional study (Phase I), eligible participants are college students who are aged ≥ 16 years and have at least one living grandparent aged ≥ 60 years who has/have not completed the COVID-19 vaccination. Participants self-complete Questionnaire A to collect information on the socio-demographics of themselves and their grandparents, their knowledge about older adults' COVID-19 vaccination, as well as Health Belief Model (HBM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) predictor variables. The primary outcome at Phase I is college students' willingness to persuade grandparents to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Those who are willing to persuade grandparents and participate in a follow-up survey will be invited to participate in a randomized controlled trial (Phase II). At Phase II, eligible participants are those who have at least one living grandparent aged ≥ 60 years who completed the COVID-19 initial vaccination series but has/have not received a booster dose. At the baseline, participants self-complete Questionnaire B to collect information on individual grandparents' COVID-19 vaccination status, attitude towards and intention to COVID-19 booster dose. Participants will then be randomly allocated 1:1 to either intervention arm (one-week smartphone-based health education on older adults' COVID-19 vaccination plus two weeks' waiting period) or control arm (three weeks' waiting period). At the end of week three, participants in both arms self-complete Questionnaire C to collect information on their grandparents' COVID-19 vaccination status. The primary outcome at Phase II is the uptake rate of COVID-19 booster dose among grandparents. Secondary outcomes include grandparents' attitude and intention to get a COVID-19 booster dose. DISCUSSION No previous study had measured the effect of college students' persuasion on COVID-19 vaccination uptake in older adults. Findings from this study will provide evidence for innovative and potentially feasible interventions that further promote COVID-19 vaccination in older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200063240. Registered 2 September 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junye Bian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihui Guo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuelian Xu
- School of Literature and Education, Bengbu University, Bengbu, China.
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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9
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Shamsi Gamchi N, Esmaeili M. A novel mathematical model for prioritization of individuals to receive vaccine considering governmental health protocols. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2023; 24:633-646. [PMID: 35900675 PMCID: PMC9330986 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-022-01491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases drive countries to provide vaccines to individuals. Due to the limited supply of vaccines, individuals prioritize receiving vaccinations worldwide. Although, priority groups are formed based on age groupings due to the restricted decision-making time. Governments usually ordain different health protocols such as lockdown policy, mandatory use of face masks, and vaccination during the pandemics. Therefore, this study considers the case of COVID-19 with a SEQIR (susceptible-exposed-quarantined-infected-recovered) epidemic model and presents a novel prioritization technique to minimize the social and economic impacts of the lockdown policy. We use retail units as one of the affected parts to demonstrate how a vaccination plan may be more effective if individuals such as retailers were prioritized and age groups. In addition, we estimate the total required vaccine doses to control the epidemic disease and compute the number of vaccine doses supplied by various suppliers. The vaccine doses are determined using optimal control theory in the solution technique. In addition, we consider the effect of the mask using policy in the number of vaccine doses allocated to each priority group. The model's performance is evaluated using an illustrative scenario based on a real case.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shamsi Gamchi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Esmaeili
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Xie P, Shi X, Zhu B, Zhao W, Li X, Zou X, Liu G, Han X. COVID-19 vaccine uptake, reasons, and associated factors among older adults in Shenzhen, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2196914. [PMID: 37096742 PMCID: PMC10142320 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2196914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is limited on the actual uptake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among older adults, especially those with chronic diseases, during the pandemic. To examine COVID-19 vaccine uptake, reasons, and associated factor among older adults, a cross-sectional survey was conducted between September 24 and October 20, 2021 among older adults aged 60 and above in Shenzhen, China. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations of COVID-19 vaccine uptake with sociodemographic characteristics, pneumonia vaccination history, and participation in health education activities among older adults and among those with chronic diseases. Of the 951 participants, 82.8% reported being vaccinated against COVID-19 during the study period, but this proportion was relatively lower among adults aged 80 and above (62.7%) and those with chronic diseases (77.9%). The top-rated reasons for not being vaccinated included doctors not recommending it due to underlying diseases (34.1%), not being ready for it (18.3%), and failure to make an appointment (9.1%). General older adults who were aged below 70, had a high school and above education, were permanent residents of Shenzhen, were with good health and had pneumonia vaccination history were more likely to take the COVID-19 vaccination. Yet, among older adults with chronic diseases, other than age and permanent residency status, health status was the only significant indicator of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Our study added to evidence that health condition is the critical barrier to the actual uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among Chinese older adults, especially those aged 80 and above and those with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xie
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - XiuYuan Shi
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinxin Han
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Belkebir S, Maraqa B, Nazzal Z, Abdullah A, Yasin F, Al-Shakhrah K, Zink T. Exploring the Perceptions of Nurses on Receiving the SARS CoV-2 Vaccine in Palestine: A Qualitative Study. Can J Nurs Res 2023; 55:34-41. [PMID: 34913746 DOI: 10.1177/08445621211066721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncertainty about vaccination among nurses are major barriers to managing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. PURPOSE To explore nurseś perceptions about receiving the SARS CoV-2 vaccine to inform the upcoming Palestinian Ministry of Health (MOH) vaccination efforts. METHODS Four focus groups were conducted with nurses between January 18 and 30, 2021, before MOH launched vaccinations in Palestine. Participants working in government and private facilities were invited to participate and completed an online or paper form to provide demographics, review the study purpose, and give consent. Meetings were facilitated in Arabic either online via the Zoom platform or face-to-face using the same interview guide. Transcripts were translated into English and coded using a template analysis approach. RESULTS Forty-six nurses, with a median age of 29.5y (range, 22-57) from across Palestine participated. Three major themes emerged: uncertainty, trust, and the knowledge needed to move forward. Uncertainty related to the evolving nature of COVID-19, the rapidity of vaccine development, the types and timing of available vaccines. The need for trusted experts to share scientific information about the vaccines to counteract the misinformation in social media. Moreover, reliable vaccine information may help vaccine-hesitant nurses move to vaccine-acceptors and to convince others, including their patients. CONCLUSION The negative perception of nurses towards vaccines is problematic in Palestine and uncertainty about which vaccine(s) will be available adds to the lack of education and mass-media misinformation. Other countries with vaccination efforts that are not wholly planned or implemented and may be struggling with similar concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Belkebir
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 455978An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Beesan Maraqa
- Family and Public Health Deputy Minster office, 61171Ministry of Health, Palestine
| | - Zaher Nazzal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 455978An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | | | - Ferial Yasin
- Family and Public Health Deputy Minster office, 61171Ministry of Health, Palestine
| | - Kamal Al-Shakhrah
- Family and Public Health Deputy Minster office, 61171Ministry of Health, Palestine
| | - Therese Zink
- Department of Family Medicine & School of Public Health, Brown University, United States
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12
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Rifai A, Wu WC, Tang YW, Lu MY, Chiu PJ, Strong C, Lin CY, Chen PL, Ko WC, Ko NY. Psychological Distress and Physical Adverse Events of COVID-19 Vaccination among Healthcare Workers in Taiwan. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010129. [PMID: 36679974 PMCID: PMC9866986 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic places high pressure on everyone, including healthcare workers (HCWs), thus causing them to experience psychological distress. HCWs have priority in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. However, few studies have identified adverse events (AEs) and psychological distress in the HCWs group. Therefore, we investigated the association between psychological distress and AEs and the determinants of protective behaviors in Taiwanese HCWs. A longitudinal measurement was conducted among HCWs at National Cheng Kung University Hospital (NCKUH), Tainan, Taiwan (n = 483, mean age = 37.55 years). All HCWs completed an online questionnaire on psychological distress, COVID-19 vaccination AEs, and protective behaviors. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to analyze the correlation between psychological distress and AEs, and used multivariable logistic regressions to explore the predictors of protective behaviors. Depression and distress and anger were significantly associated with various physical AEs (p = 0.045 to p < 0.001). Suicidal thoughts became a significant independent variable of systemic AEs after COVID-19 vaccination (p = 0.014 to p < 0.001). People of older ages or females engaged more in washing their hands, wearing masks, and reducing their presence in crowded places. Suicidal thoughts were related to the occurrence of systemic AEs among HCWs. Doctors performed better at preventive behaviors compared to nurses and other HCWs. HCWs who experienced anxiety and nervousness tended to avoid crowds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rifai
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- International Doctoral Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia
| | - Wan-Ching Wu
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Tang
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yun Lu
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chiu
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Carol Strong
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (N.-Y.K.); Tel.: +886-6-2353535-5106 (C.-Y.L.); +886-6-2353535-5838 (N.-Y.K.); Fax: +886-6-2367981 (C.-Y.L.); +886-6-2377550 (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Po-Lin Chen
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (N.-Y.K.); Tel.: +886-6-2353535-5106 (C.-Y.L.); +886-6-2353535-5838 (N.-Y.K.); Fax: +886-6-2367981 (C.-Y.L.); +886-6-2377550 (N.-Y.K.)
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13
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Zhu J, Wang Q, Huang M. Optimizing two-dose vaccine resource allocation to combat a pandemic in the context of limited supply: The case of COVID-19. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1129183. [PMID: 37168073 PMCID: PMC10166111 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1129183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The adequate vaccination is a promising solution to mitigate the enormous socio-economic costs of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and allow us to return to normal pre-pandemic activity patterns. However, the vaccine supply shortage will be inevitable during the early stage of the vaccine rollout. Public health authorities face a crucial challenge in allocating scarce vaccines to maximize the benefits of vaccination. In this paper, we study a multi-period two-dose vaccine allocation problem when the vaccine supply is highly limited. To address this problem, we constructed a novel age-structured compartmental model to capture COVID-19 transmission and formulated as a nonlinear programming (NLP) model to minimize the total number of deaths in the population. In the NLP model, we explicitly take into account the two-dose vaccination procedure and several important epidemiologic features of COVID-19, such as pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission, as well as group heterogeneity in susceptibility, symptom rates, severity, etc. We validated the applicability of the proposed model using a real case of the 2021 COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the Midlands of England. We conducted comparative studies to demonstrate the superiority of our method. Our numerical results show that prioritizing the allocation of vaccine resources to older age groups is a robust strategy to prevent more subsequent deaths. In addition, we show that releasing more vaccine doses for first-dose recipients could lead to a greater vaccination benefit than holding back second doses. We also find that it is necessary to maintain appropriate non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the vaccination rollout, especially in low-resource settings. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that starting vaccination as soon as possible is able to markedly alleviate the epidemic impact when the vaccine resources are limited but are currently available. Our model provides an effective tool to assist policymakers in developing adaptive COVID-19 likewise vaccination strategies for better preparedness against future pandemic threats.
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14
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Li Y, Guo T, Zhong J, Fang C, Xiong H, Hu Z, Zhu Y, Tan J, Liu S, Jing Q, Zhang D. Effect of Vaccination Time Intervals on SARS-COV-2 Omicron Variant Strain Infection in Guangzhou: A Real-World Matched Case–Control Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111855. [PMID: 36366363 PMCID: PMC9693306 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In April 2022, a COVID-19 outbreak caused by the Omicron variant emerged in Guangzhou. A case–control study was conducted to explore the relationship between vaccination intervals and SARS-CoV-2 infection in the real world. According to the vaccination dose and age information of the cases, a 1:4 matched case–control sample was established, finally including n = 242 for the case group and n = 968 for the control group. The results indicated that among the participants who received three vaccine doses, those with an interval of more than 300 days between the receipt of the first vaccine dose and infection (or the first contact with a confirmed case) were less likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 than those with an interval of less than 300 days (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.46–0.99). After age-stratified analysis, among participants aged 18–40 years who received two doses of vaccine, those who received the second dose more than 30 days after the first dose were less likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.30–0.96). Our findings suggest that we need to extend the interval between the first dose and the second dose and further explore the optimal interval between the first and second and between the second and third doses in order to improve vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tong Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Jiayi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chuanjun Fang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Husheng Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zengyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yajuan Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinlin Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qinlong Jing
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Correspondence: (Q.J.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: (Q.J.); (D.Z.)
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15
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Lloyd‐Sherlock P, Guntupalli A, Sempé L. Age discrimination, the right to life, and COVID-19 vaccination in countries with limited resources. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES 2022; 78:JOSI12561. [PMID: 36249552 PMCID: PMC9538499 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper seeks to develop and apply a simple yardstick based on remaining life expectancy to assess whether specific health policies unfairly discriminate against people on the basis of their age. This reveals that the COVID-19 vaccine prioritization policies of several countries have discriminated against older people. Conversely, the exclusion of older people from COVID-19 vaccine testing is shown to be non-discriminatory, as is some degree of age prioritization for limited acute COVID-19 care. Age discrimination in vaccine prioritization is shown to be embedded in wider ageist attitudes in health policy, which give the lives of older people a lower social value than the lives of people at younger ages.
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16
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Yang L, Yang G, Wang Q, Cui T, Shi N, Xiu S, Zhu L, Xu X, Jin H, Ji L. Understanding drivers of influenza vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women in China: evidence from an extended theory of planned behavior. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1655-1665. [PMID: 36017619 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2117695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women have a low uptake of influenza vaccination, although being recommended as a priority. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey in China from June to July 2021. Hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation modeling were performed based on the extended theory of planned behavior, in which attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention each affect the vaccine hesitancy; four variables of response efficacy, knowledge, vulnerability, and severity were added as extended dimensions; vaccination history played a moderator role in this model-to test the validity of the framework. RESULTS Totally, 1283 pregnant women participated in this study. The intention existed as a mediator between attitude [βindirect=0.142 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.084, 0.206), P<0.001], subjective norms [βindirect=0.568 (95%CI: 0.424, 0.754), P<0.001], perceived behavioral control [βindirect=0.070 (95%CI: 0.025, 0.118), P=0.004] and vaccine hesitancy. Further, the differences in indirect effect between the two dimensions of attitude (P<0.001), perceived behavioral control (P<0.001), and subjective norms were each statistically significant. Vaccination history did not moderate the association between attitude (P=0.679), subjective norms (P=0.645), and hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS The subjective norms dimension has a strong association with influenza vaccine hesitancy. Vaccination history had limited ability to reduce hesitancy during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Guoping Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Naiyang Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shixin Xiu
- Department of Immunization Planning, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuepeng Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lili Ji
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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17
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Lemaitre JC, Pasetto D, Zanon M, Bertuzzo E, Mari L, Miccoli S, Casagrandi R, Gatto M, Rinaldo A. Optimal control of the spatial allocation of COVID-19 vaccines: Italy as a case study. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010237. [PMID: 35802755 PMCID: PMC9299324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While campaigns of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 are underway across the world, communities face the challenge of a fair and effective distribution of a limited supply of doses. Current vaccine allocation strategies are based on criteria such as age or risk. In the light of strong spatial heterogeneities in disease history and transmission, we explore spatial allocation strategies as a complement to existing approaches. Given the practical constraints and complex epidemiological dynamics, designing effective vaccination strategies at a country scale is an intricate task. We propose a novel optimal control framework to derive the best possible vaccine allocation for given disease transmission projections and constraints on vaccine supply and distribution logistics. As a proof-of-concept, we couple our framework with an existing spatially explicit compartmental COVID-19 model tailored to the Italian geographic and epidemiological context. We optimize the vaccine allocation on scenarios of unfolding disease transmission across the 107 provinces of Italy, from January to April 2021. For each scenario, the optimal solution significantly outperforms alternative strategies that prioritize provinces based on incidence, population distribution, or prevalence of susceptibles. Our results suggest that the complex interplay between the mobility network and the spatial heterogeneities implies highly non-trivial prioritization strategies for effective vaccination campaigns. Our work demonstrates the potential of optimal control for complex and heterogeneous epidemiological landscapes at country, and possibly global, scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Chadi Lemaitre
- Laboratory of Ecohydrology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Damiano Pasetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Bertuzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mari
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Miccoli
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Casagrandi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marino Gatto
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldo
- Laboratory of Ecohydrology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dipartimento ICEA, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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18
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Chirico F, Bramstedt KA. Research ethics committees: A forum where scientists, editors, and policymakers can cooperate during pandemics. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2022; 62:230-232. [PMID: 35075922 PMCID: PMC9198667 DOI: 10.1177/00258024221075469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During public health pandemics such as COVID-19, cooperative behaviors among scientists, journal editors, policy makers and research ethics committees, are essential to promote scientific integrity and societal trust in translational research and resultant public health decisions. This cooperation is possible by expanding the current way of working to include stakeholders beyond the research team via community events and special communication channels sponsored by research ethics committees. Research ethics committees with wider communication channels, increased transparency, and enhanced knowledge exchange have the potential to improve research design, performance, dissemination, and ultimately public benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Chirico
- Post-graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Centro Sanitario Polifunzionale di Milano, Health Service Department, Italian State Police, Ministry of the Interior, Milan, Italy
| | - Katrina A. Bramstedt
- Department of Medicine, Khalifa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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19
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Refolo P, Bloemen B, Corsano B, Grin J, Gutierrez-Ibarluzea I, Hofmann B, Oortwijn W, Sampietro-Colom L, Sandman L, van der Wilt GJ, Sacchini D. Prioritization of COVID-19 vaccination. The added value of the "VALIDATE" approach. Health Policy 2022; 126:770-776. [PMID: 35623910 PMCID: PMC9121636 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prioritization of COVID-19 vaccines is one of the most relevant topics in the current pandemic emergency. Prioritization decisions are political decisions that are value-laden, and as such of ethical nature. Despite the clear political and ethical nature of this topic, prioritization decisions are often interpreted and presented as scientific decisions. The aim of this article is twofold. First, we aim to show critical points that characterize certain pandemic vaccination plans from the ethical viewpoint using four dimensions (problem definitions, incorporation of different perspectives, context, and specification). The four dimensions were drawn from findings of the European project “VALIDATE” (VALues In Doing Assessments of healthcare TEchnologies”, https://validatehta.eu). Second, we aim to reframe the issue about prioritization itself in the light of the four dimensions mentioned. Our conclusion is that policy-problem definitions, incorporation of different perspectives, contextual considerations and specification of moral principles seem to be common critical points of some vaccination plan documents. The European project “VALIDATE” seems to be able to provide a useful and profitable approach to address many of these critical points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Refolo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Bart Bloemen
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Corsano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - John Grin
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iñaki Gutierrez-Ibarluzea
- Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research (BIOEF), Barakaldo, Spain; Basque Office for HTA (Osteba), Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Bjørn Hofmann
- Department of Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Wija Oortwijn
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Sampietro-Colom
- Assessment of Innovations and New Technologies Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars Sandman
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, National Centre for Priorities in Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gert Jan van der Wilt
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dario Sacchini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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20
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Lin Y, Li Y, Duan Q, Lei H, Tian D, Xiao S, Jiang Y, Sun C, Du X, Shu Y, Zou H. Vaccination strategy for preventing the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the limited supply condition: a mathematical modelling study. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3722-3730. [PMID: 35426142 PMCID: PMC9088668 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To mitigate SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, vaccines have been urgently approved. With their limited availability, it is critical to distribute the vaccines reasonably. We simulated the SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission for 365 days over four intervention periods: free transmission, structural mitigation, personal mitigation, and vaccination. Sensitivity analyses were performed to obtain robust results. We further evaluated two proposed vaccination allocations, including one‐dose‐high‐coverage and two‐doses‐low‐coverage, when the supply was low. 33.35% (infection rate, 2.68 in 10 million people) and 40.54% (2.36) of confirmed cases could be avoided as the nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) adherence rate rose from 50% to 70%. As the vaccination coverage reached 60% and 80%, the total infections could be reduced by 32.72% and 41.19%, compared to the number without vaccination. When the durations of immunity were 90 and 120 days, the infection rates were 2.67 and 2.38. As the asymptomatic infection rate rose from 30% to 50%, the infection rate increased 0.92 (SD, 0.16) times. Conditioned on 70% adherence rate, with the same amount of limited available vaccines, the 20% and 40% vaccination coverage of one‐dose‐high‐coverage, the infection rates were 2.70 and 2.35; corresponding to the two‐doses‐low‐coverage with 10% and 20% vaccination coverage, the infection rates were 3.22 and 2.92. Our results indicated as the duration of immunity prolonged, the second wave of SARS‐CoV‐2 would be delayed and the scale would be declined. On average, the total infections in two‐doses‐low‐coverage was 1.48 times (SD, 0.24) as high as that in one‐dose‐high‐coverage. It is crucial to encourage people in order to improve vaccination coverage and establish immune barriers. Particularly when the supply is limited, a wiser strategy to prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 is equally distributing doses to the same number of individuals. Besides vaccination, NPIs are equally critical to the prevention of widespread of SARS‐CoV‐2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Fan Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yuwei Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Qibin Duan
- School of Population HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- School of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of TechnologyQueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Hao Lei
- School of Public HealthZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Dechao Tian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Shenglan Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yawen Jiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Xiangjun Du
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Kirby InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- School of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina
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21
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Khakimova A, Abdollahi L, Zolotarev O, Rahim F. Global interest in vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Google Trends. Vaccine X 2022; 10:100152. [PMID: 35291263 PMCID: PMC8915451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) vaccines have become available; now, everyone has the opportunity to get vaccinated. We used Google Trends (GT) data to assess the global public interest in COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic. For the analysis, a period of 17 months was chosen (from Jan 19, 2020, to Jul 04, 2021). Interest in user queries was tracked by keywords (corona vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine development, Sputnik v, Pfizer vaccine, AstraZeneca vaccine, etc.). The geographic analysis of queries was also carried out. The interest of users in the vaccine is significantly increasing. It is focused on the side effects of vaccines, and users pay attention to vaccines’ developers from different countries. The correlation between the scientific publications devoted to vaccine development and such requests of users on the internet is absent. This study shows that internet search patterns can be used to gauge public attitudes towards coronavirus vaccination. Safety concerns consistently high follow an interest in vaccine side effects. This data can be used to track and predict attitudes towards vaccination of populations from COVID-19 in different countries before global vaccination becomes available to help mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Khakimova
- Department of Development of Scientific and Innovation Activities, Russian New University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leila Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Library and Information Scince, School of Health Managment and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oleg Zolotarev
- Department of Information Systems in Economics and Management, Russian New University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Health Research Institute, Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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22
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Lamptey E. Overcoming non-patient and health professional’s barriers to COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy. J Glob Health 2022; 12:03010. [PMID: 35342624 PMCID: PMC8924989 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.03010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Lamptey
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Pan African University, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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23
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Abstract
COVID-19 has threatened human lives. Countries have implemented various interventions such as vaccination, mask-wearing, body temperature screening, and isolation. However, the effectiveness of single and combined interventions has not yet been accurately analyzed. In this study, an improved SEIR model considering both real human indoor close contact behaviors and susceptibility to COVID-19 was established. Taking Hong Kong as an example, a quantitative assessment of the relationship between the efficiency of single and combined interventions and implementation time and intensity was carried out. The results showed that the infection risk (one-hour close contact with an infected person) of COVID-19 of students, workers, and non-workers/non-students was 3.1%, 8.7%, and 13.6%, respectively. Workplace closures were more effective among built environment interventions. If mask-wearing was mandatorily required in schools, workplaces, supermarkets, shopping centers, and public transport, COVID-19 could not be totally restricted. Workers should be prioritized for vaccination, followed by non-workers/non-students and students. Among all interventions, reducing close contact rate and increasing vaccination rate were better interventions. There was no COVID-19 outbreak (basic reproduction number R0 = 1) if the close contact reduction rate was 59.9% or the vaccination rate reached 89.5%. The results may provide scientific support for COVID-19 prevention and control.
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24
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Youssef D, Abou-Abbas L, Berry A, Youssef J, Hassan H. Determinants of acceptance of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among Lebanese health care workers using health belief model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264128. [PMID: 35192664 PMCID: PMC8863223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Health care workers (HCWs) are at high occupational risk for COVID-19, they are prioritized for immunization. This study aimed to assess the acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs and to identify its determinants. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between10 and 31 December 2020 among Lebanese HCWs. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used as a theoretical framework. Multivariable logistic analyses were carried out to identify the factors associated with the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs. A total of 1800 HCWs have completed the survey. Around half (58.10%) of them were frontline HCWs and aged between (30-49) years old. Over two-thirds (67.33%) of the participants have received the seasonal influenza vaccine. The acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among surveyed HCWs was 58%. HCWs who were male (aOR = 1.99, 95% CI (1.41-2.80)), working in the frontlines (aOR = 1.61, 95% CI (1.17-2.21), and those who have received influenza vaccination for the current year (aOR = 1.38, 95% CI(0.99-1.92)) were more willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine. However, factors such as living in rural areas (aOR = 0.61, 95% CI (0.44-0.84)), and being previously diagnosed with COVID-19 (aOR = 0.66, 95%CI (0.45-0.96) were found negatively associated with vaccine acceptance. In terms of health beliefs items, concerns related to the novelty of vaccine (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI (0.25-0.71)), side effects/vaccine safety (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI (0.23-0.73), reliability of manufacturer (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.30-0.63)), and the number of required doses (aOR = 0.58, 95% CI (0.40-0.84)) were also negatively associated with the willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Remarkably, concerns such as the limited accessibility (aOR = 1.68, 95% CI (1.14-2.47)), and availability of vaccines (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI (1.46-3.20)) were associated with an increased likelihood of willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. With regards to cues of action, receiving reliable and adequate information about the vaccine (aOR = 1.98, 95% CI (1.36-2.88)), recommendation by health authorities (aOR = 1.93, 95% CI(1.33-2.81)), and recommendations from health facilities (aOR = 2.68, 95% CI(1.80-3.99)) were also positively associated with vaccine acceptance. Lastly, perception of COVID-19 vaccine benefits by HCWs in terms of protecting them and their close contacts (patients, family members, and friends) from COVID-19 infection (aOR = 4.21, 95% CI (2.78-7.11)) was associated with an increased likelihood of vaccine uptake. The moderate acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs found in our study could have broader extents. Understanding and pointing out factors impairing vaccine acceptance such as concerns about the novelty of vaccine and manufacturers' reliability are required to reach a higher vaccination rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Youssef
- Preventive Medicine Department, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
- Bordeaux Research Center for Population Health, Institut de santé publique, d’épidémiologie et de développement (ISPED), Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
- Clinical trial Program, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Linda Abou-Abbas
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Atika Berry
- Bordeaux Research Center for Population Health, Institut de santé publique, d’épidémiologie et de développement (ISPED), Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Janet Youssef
- Al Zahraa hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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25
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Liu K, Lou Y. Optimizing COVID-19 vaccination programs during vaccine shortages: A review of mathematical models. Infect Dis Model 2022; 7:286-298. [PMID: 35233475 PMCID: PMC8872681 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Liu
- Institute of Applied System Analysis, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Yijun Lou
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding author.
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26
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Książek R, Kapłan R, Gdowska K, Łebkowski P. Vaccination Schedule under Conditions of Limited Vaccine Production Rate. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:116. [PMID: 35062776 PMCID: PMC8781133 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper is devoted to optimal vaccination scheduling during a pandemic to minimize the probability of infection. The recent COVID-19 pandemic showed that the international community is not properly prepared to manage a crisis of this scale. Just after the vaccines had been approved by medical agencies, the policymakers needed to decide on the distribution strategy. To successfully fight the pandemic, the key is to find the equilibrium between the vaccine distribution schedule and the available supplies caused by limited production capacity. This is why society needs to be divided into stratified groups whose access to vaccines is prioritized. Herein, we present the problem of distributing protective actions (i.e., vaccines) and formulate two mixed-integer programs to solve it. The problem of distributing protective actions (PDPA) aims at finding an optimal schedule for a given set of social groups with a constant probability of infection. The problem of distributing protective actions with a herd immunity threshold (PDPAHIT) also includes a variable probability of infection, i.e., the situation when herd immunity is obtained. The results of computational experiments are reported and the potential of the models is illustrated with examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katarzyna Gdowska
- Faculty of Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; (R.K.); (R.K.); (P.Ł.)
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27
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Jia J, Chen D, Liu L, Siddiqui MJ, Yang F, Zhu Y, Liao Q, Luo S, Shu M, Wen Y, Gao L, Li X, Long L, Peng X, Li W, Liu Y, Xu W, Han Q, Wu H, Guo J, Du X, Guo Q, Wan C. Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Healthy Young Children and Adolescents and a Two-step Approach for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Infection in Chengdu, China. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:6-11. [PMID: 34508026 PMCID: PMC8658967 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has a high burden of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of LTBI among healthy young children and adolescents and test a 2-step approach to explore the threshold for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in Chengdu, China. METHODS Healthy preschool children and school-going children in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, were screened for LTBI using the tuberculin skin test (TST). Preschool children with TST ≥ 5 mm also underwent interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) to explore the threshold of this 2-step approach. RESULTS In total, 5667 healthy young children and adolescents completed TST test between July 2020 and January 2021 and were included in the present analysis. The age of the participants ranged from 2.4 to 18 years (median 7.25 ± 4.514 years), of which 2093 (36.9%) were younger than 5 years. The overall prevalence of LTBI was 6.37% and 6.64% in children younger than 5 years old. Fourteen of the 341 preschool children with TST ≥5 mm were interferon-γ release assay positive, of which 4 showed a TST result of 5-10 mm, and 6 preschool children received preventive treatment for LTBI. CONCLUSIONS Healthy young children and adolescents should also be considered as important target populations for LTBI screening. TST can be recommended for first-line screening as part of a 2-step approach for LTBI screening using a positive threshold of 5 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihang Jia
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Dapeng Chen
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
- Chengdu Chenghua District Maternal and Child Health Hospital
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital
| | - Mohd Jaish Siddiqui
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
- Chengdu Chenghua District Maternal and Child Health Hospital
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Qiong Liao
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Shuanghong Luo
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Min Shu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Yang Wen
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Lihong Gao
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Xu Li
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Lilin Long
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Xiaoshan Peng
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Weiran Li
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Yang Liu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Wanting Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital
| | - Qian Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital
| | - Huaiyong Wu
- Chengdu Chenghua District Maternal and Child Health Hospital
| | - Jiarong Guo
- Chengdu Chenghua District Maternal and Child Health Hospital
| | - Xi Du
- Chengdu Chenghua District Maternal and Child Health Hospital
| | - Qin Guo
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Chaomin Wan
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
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28
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Chaker Masmoudi H, Rhili A, Zamali I, Ben Hmid A, Ben Ahmed M, Khrouf MR. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to Prioritize People for COVID-19 Vaccination When Vaccines Are in Short Supply. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2022; 2:760626. [PMID: 36925795 PMCID: PMC10012629 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2022.760626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic underscored the need for a rapid tool supporting decision-makers in prioritizing patients in the immediate and overwhelming context of pandemics, where shortages in different healthcare resources are faced. We have proposed Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to create a system of criteria and weights to prioritize uses of COVID-19 vaccines in groups of people at significantly higher risk of severe COVID-19 disease or death, when vaccines are in short supply, for use in Tunisia. The prioritization criteria and the levels within each criterion were identified based on available COVID-19 evidence with a focus on the criteria selected by Tunisian scientific committees. To determine the weights for the criteria and levels, reflecting their relative importance, a panel of frontline physicians treating COVID-19 were invited to participate in an online survey using 1,000 minds MCDA software (www.1000minds.com) which implements the PAPRIKA (Potentially All Pairwise RanKings of all possible Alternatives) method. Ten criteria and twenty-three levels have been selected for prioritizing the uses of COVID-19 vaccines in groups of people at significantly higher risk of severe disease or death. Among the invited physicians, sixty have completed the survey. The obtained scores were, in decreasing order of importance (mean weights in parentheses, summing to 100%). Obesity (16.2%), Age (12.7%), Chronic pulmonary diseases (10.8%), Chronic cardiovascular conditions (10.3%), Bone marrow or organ transplantation (10.1%), Immunodeficiency or Immunosuppression (9.6%), Diabetes (9%), Renal failure (8.4%), evolutive cancer (6.9%), and high blood pressure (6%). MCDA-based prioritization scoring system comprising explicit criteria and weights provides an adaptable and multicriteria approach that can assist policy-makers to prioritize uses of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Chaker Masmoudi
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Histology and Cytogenetics, Institute Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amal Rhili
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Zamali
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Ben Hmid
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Melika Ben Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Myriam Razgallah Khrouf
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Direction de la Pharmacie et du Médicament, Tunis, Tunisia
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Reguly IZ, Csercsik D, Juhász J, Tornai K, Bujtár Z, Horváth G, Keömley-Horváth B, Kós T, Cserey G, Iván K, Pongor S, Szederkényi G, Röst G, Csikász-Nagy A. Microsimulation based quantitative analysis of COVID-19 management strategies. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009693. [PMID: 34982766 PMCID: PMC8759654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pandemic management requires reliable and efficient dynamical simulation to predict and control disease spreading. The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is mitigated by several non-pharmaceutical interventions, but it is hard to predict which of these are the most effective for a given population. We developed the computationally effective and scalable, agent-based microsimulation framework PanSim, allowing us to test control measures in multiple infection waves caused by the spread of a new virus variant in a city-sized societal environment using a unified framework fitted to realistic data. We show that vaccination strategies prioritising occupational risk groups minimise the number of infections but allow higher mortality while prioritising vulnerable groups minimises mortality but implies an increased infection rate. We also found that intensive vaccination along with non-pharmaceutical interventions can substantially suppress the spread of the virus, while low levels of vaccination, premature reopening may easily revert the epidemic to an uncontrolled state. Our analysis highlights that while vaccination protects the elderly from COVID-19, a large percentage of children will contract the virus, and we also show the benefits and limitations of various quarantine and testing scenarios. The uniquely detailed spatio-temporal resolution of PanSim allows the design and testing of complex, specifically targeted interventions with a large number of agents under dynamically changing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Z. Reguly
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Cytocast Kft., Vecsés, Hungary
| | - Dávid Csercsik
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Juhász
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Tornai
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Bujtár
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Horváth
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Keömley-Horváth
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Cytocast Kft., Vecsés, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kós
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Cserey
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Iván
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Pongor
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szederkényi
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Röst
- Bolyai Institute, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Csikász-Nagy
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Cytocast Kft., Vecsés, Hungary
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Jamir L, Tripathi M, Shankar S, Kakkar R, Ayyanar R, Aravindakshan R. Determinants of Outcome Among Critically Ill Police Personnel With COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study From Andhra Pradesh, India. Cureus 2021; 13:e20394. [PMID: 35036224 PMCID: PMC8754352 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Police personnel have been key frontline workers throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study was conducted to assess the correlates and outcomes of critically ill police personnel. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed key parameters of hospitalized police personnel who were critically ill with COVID-19 in Andhra Pradesh, India, between June and October 2020. Survival was analyzed for correlation with body mass index, ABO/Rh blood group, co-morbidities, treatment (oxygen therapy, prone positioning, mechanical ventilation, remdesivir, Ivermectin, oral and nasal topical povidone-iodine). We also performed Cox proportional hazard analysis with relevant function plots. Results: The majority of the 266 patients were male (n = 259; 97.4%) and obese (75.2%). The overall mortality of patients was 38% (n = 101). COVID-19 mortality increased significantly with age (p = 0.019) and BMI (p = 0.030) in the bivariate analysis. There was no significant difference between blood group (p = 0.297), co-morbidity (p = 0.582) and COVID-19 outcome. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality were males (HR 4.89, 95% CI: 1.020-23.430) and ventilator therapy (HR 7.5, 95% CI: 4.527-12.296). The protective factors were symptom onset to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) report interval (HR 0.36, 95% CI: 0.158-0.814), prone positioning (HR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.197-0.915), and use of povidone iodine (HR 0.43; 95% CI: 0.273-0.692). Conclusion: COVID-19 mortality among critically ill hospitalized police personnel was reduced by time to diagnostic test result, prone positioning, and povidone-iodine use and increased with male gender and mechanical ventilation.
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Štěpánek L, Janošíková M, Nakládalová M, Ivanová K, Macík J, Boriková A, Vildová H. Motivation for COVID-19 Vaccination in Priority Occupational Groups: A Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111726. [PMID: 34770240 PMCID: PMC8583662 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the limited availability of COVID-19 vaccines, occupational groups with priority access were identified prior to vaccination. The study aimed to analyze motives for vaccination in these occupational groups. Methods: Members of occupational groups, who were vaccinated at the vaccination center of University Hospital Olomouc before 30 April 2021, were asked to fill in an online questionnaire. Results: A total of 3224 completed questionnaires were obtained from 1332 healthcare workers, 1257 school employees, 363 social service workers, 210 security force members, and 62 critical infrastructure workers. The most frequent motive for vaccination was the effort to protect family members (76.2%), the effort to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in one’s profession (72.3%), followed by concerns about COVID-19 itself (49.1%) and exemptions from anti-epidemic measures (36.8%). Only for social services, the motive focused on one’s profession was mentioned more often (75.2%) than the motive focused on the family (71.1%). At the level of detailed profession-oriented motives, a collegial effort of security force members to protect co-workers and not to endanger the workplace was dominant. Conclusions: The effort to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the professional environment is a strong motive for vaccination, and strongest among social service workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Štěpánek
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (M.N.); (J.M.); (A.B.); (H.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-608757316
| | - Magdaléna Janošíková
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (M.N.); (J.M.); (A.B.); (H.V.)
| | - Marie Nakládalová
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (M.N.); (J.M.); (A.B.); (H.V.)
| | - Kateřina Ivanová
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Jakub Macík
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (M.N.); (J.M.); (A.B.); (H.V.)
| | - Alena Boriková
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (M.N.); (J.M.); (A.B.); (H.V.)
| | - Helena Vildová
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (M.N.); (J.M.); (A.B.); (H.V.)
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Ayenigbara IO, Adegboro JS, Ayenigbara GO, Adeleke OR, Olofintuyi OO. The challenges to a successful COVID-19 vaccination programme in Africa. Germs 2021; 11:427-440. [PMID: 34722365 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2021.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 vaccination campaign is an ongoing worldwide effort to vaccinate large numbers of people against COVID-19 in order to ensure protection from the disease, control the rate of infection, reduce severe outcomes, and get back to normal life. Most African countries had a delay in the initiation of their COVID-19 vaccine national rollout compared to other regions in the world, and the goal of the immunization exercise in the continent is to vaccinate over 60% of the African population to attain herd immunity. Over the years, vaccination programmes are usually faced with challenges in Africa because of numerous factors. So far, some of the major challenges threatening the success of the COVID-19 vaccination rollout in most African countries includes the slow onset of the vaccination exercise, limited funds, concerns around vaccine safety and uncertainties, storage requirements and regulatory hurdles for vaccines, limited shelf life of COVID-19 vaccines, inability to access vulnerable communities in a timely fashion, problems around the use of different vaccines, and wars and conflicts. The solutions and other imperative recommendations to these challenges were provided so as to optimize the vaccination programme and to achieve an appreciable success in the COVID-19 vaccination programme on the continent. In conclusion, a holistic and timely planning, fast execution of plans, rigorous community involvement, and a robust multi-sectoral partnership will ensure a successful COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Oluwasegun Ayenigbara
- M Ed, PhD Student, School and Community Health Education Unit, Department of Health Education, University of Ibadan, post office street number 022, postal code 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Sunday Adegboro
- PhD, Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Adefarati street number 001, postal address 342111, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - George Omoniyi Ayenigbara
- PhD, Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Adefarati street number 001, postal address 342111, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Olasunkanmi Rowland Adeleke
- M Ed, PhD Student, Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Adefarati street number 001, postal address 342111, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi Oye Olofintuyi
- M Ed, Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Adefarati street number 001, postal address 342111, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Zhang N, Jack Chan PT, Jia W, Dung CH, Zhao P, Lei H, Su B, Xue P, Zhang W, Xie J, Li Y. Analysis of efficacy of intervention strategies for COVID-19 transmission: A case study of Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106723. [PMID: 34161908 PMCID: PMC8214805 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
By the end of February 2021, COVID-19 had spread to over 230 countries, with more than 100 million confirmed cases and 2.5 million deaths. To control infection spread with the least disruption to economic and societal activities, it is crucial to implement the various interventions effectively. In this study, we developed an agent-based SEIR model, using real demographic and geographic data from Hong Kong, to analyse the efficiency of various intervention strategies in preventing infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Close contact route including short-range airborne is considered as the main transmission routes for COVID-19 spread. Contact tracing is not that useful if all other interventions have been fully deployed. The number of infected individuals could be halved if people reduced their close contact rate by 25%. For reducing transmission, students should be prioritized for vaccination rather than retired older people and preschool aged children. Home isolation, and taking the nucleic acid test (NAT) as soon as possible after symptom onset, are much more effective interventions than wearing masks in public places. Temperature screening in public places only disrupted the infection spread by a small amount when other interventions have been fully implemented. Our results may be useful for other highly populated cities, when choosing their intervention strategies to prevent outbreaks of COVID-19 and similar diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak-To Jack Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Lin An, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chung-Hin Dung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Lei
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boni Su
- China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Weirong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchao Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Xin M, Luo S, She R, Chen X, Li L, Li L, Chen X, Lau JTF. The Impact of Social Media Exposure and Interpersonal Discussion on Intention of COVID-19 Vaccination among Nurses. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101204. [PMID: 34696312 PMCID: PMC8537317 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among nurses is a global public health concern and it is imperative to understand associated factors. Information environment plays a critical role in shaping health behaviors, while few studies explored such effects in the context of COVID-19 vaccination. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1902 nurses in China. The study investigated the effects of social media exposure/interpersonal discussion on intention of COVID-19 vaccination and tested whether perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (perceived vaccine efficacy, perceived duration of protection, and perceived effectiveness in preventing resurgences) mediated such associations. Results showed that about 68.0% and 56.5% of the participants had an intention of free and self-paid COVID-19 vaccinations, respectively. Frequent social media exposure and interpersonal discussion were positively associated with vaccination intentions. Perceived vaccine efficacy significantly mediated the effects of frequent social media exposure and interpersonal discussion, whereas perceived effectiveness in preventing resurgences suppressed the effects of frequent social media exposure. In conclusion, the prevalence of intention of COVID-19 vaccination was relatively low among Chinese nurses and health promotion is needed. Frequent social media exposure and interpersonal discussion potentially enhanced vaccination intentions via increased perceived vaccine efficacy. The findings can help inform the development of relevant health communication interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Xin
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.X.); (R.S.)
| | - Sitong Luo
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Rui She
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.X.); (R.S.)
| | - Xi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410007, China;
| | - Liping Li
- School of Public Health, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China;
| | - Lijuan Li
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali 671003, China;
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China;
| | - Joseph T. F. Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.X.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Zheng W, Yan X, Zhao Z, Yang J, Yu H. COVID-19 vaccination program in the mainland of China: a subnational descriptive analysis on target population size and current progress. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:124. [PMID: 34654478 PMCID: PMC8517558 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China is facing substantial risks of imported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and a domestic resurgence in the long run, and COVID-19 vaccination is expected to be the long-lasting solution to end the pandemic. We aim to estimate the size of the target population for COVID-19 vaccination at the provincial level in the mainland of China, and summarize the current progress of vaccination programs, which could support local governments in the timely determination and adjustment of vaccination policies and promotional measures. METHODS We conducted a descriptive study of the entire population in the mainland of China, between December 2020 and August 2021. By extracting provincial-stratified data from publicly available sources, we estimated the size of priority target groups for vaccination programs, and further characterized the ongoing vaccination program at the provincial level, including the total doses administered, the coverage rate, and the vaccination capacity needed to achieve the target coverage of 80% by the end of 2021. We used R (version 4.1.0) to complete the descriptive statistics. RESULTS The size of the target population shows large differences among provinces, ranging from 3.4 million to 108.4 million. As of 31 August, 2021, the speed of vaccine roll-out differs considerably as well, with the highest coverage occurring in Beijing and Shanghai, where 88.5% and 79.1% of the population has been fully vaccinated, respectively. In 22 of 31 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs), more than 70% of the population was administered at least one dose by August. With the current vaccination capacity, the target of 80% coverage could be achieved by 2021 in 28 PLADs. CONCLUSIONS Disparities exist in the target population size and vaccination progress across provinces in the mainland of China. China has made great strides in the vaccination speed since roll-out, and could basically achieve the targeted vaccine coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyao Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongjie Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Zawahrah HJ, Saca-Hazboun H, Melhem SS, Adwan R, Sabateen A, Abu-Rmeileh NME. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in Palestine: a cross-sectional online study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053681. [PMID: 34620671 PMCID: PMC8507407 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Palestine (West Bank and Gaza), there have been more than 320 890 known cases of COVID-19, resulting in 3452 deaths. The detrimental effects of the virus can be seen in the nation's health, economy and government operations, leading to radical uncertainty that is exacerbated by the absence of any definitive treatment or vaccines. The level of knowledge about and trust in treatment and vaccination varies worldwide. This study aims to assess the willingness of Palestinians to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and their knowledge about such vaccines. METHODS An online survey of adults over 18 years old (n=1080) was conducted in Palestine in October 2020. Using multivariate logistic regression, we identified correlates of participants' willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS We found that about 63% of participants were willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine. However, acceptance varied with the specific demographic variables that were investigated. Women, married participants and those aged 18-24 years are more likely to take the vaccine. Further, participants with good knowledge about the vaccine and its side effects are more willing to get the vaccine. CONCLUSION The availability of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine in Palestine is crucial to decrease the burden of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. In addition, to ensure a high vaccination rate, health awareness campaigns should target those who are not willing to get the vaccine, especially those who are more vulnerable and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan J Zawahrah
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hanan Saca-Hazboun
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Bethlehem University, Bethlehem, Palestine
| | - Shatha S Melhem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rabee Adwan
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Makassed Charitable Society Hospital, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Ali Sabateen
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Augusta Victoria Hospital, East Jerusalem, Palestine
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Fan CW, Chen IH, Ko NY, Yen CF, Lin CY, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. Extended theory of planned behavior in explaining the intention to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among mainland Chinese university students: an online survey study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:3413-3420. [PMID: 34170792 PMCID: PMC8437493 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1933687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of the most robust models in explaining health-related behavior. In this study, we tested the extended TPB to predict university students' intentions to uptake COVID-19 vaccination.Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was developed to investigate students' intention to uptake the COVID-19 vaccine based on the components of the TPB (i.e., attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) and extended components (i.e., knowledge about COVID-19, risk perception of COVID-19, and past influenza vaccination behavior). Non-probability sampling was used to collect data from 3145 students from 43 universities in mainland China in January 2021. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to examine the proposed model. Enrolled students were relatively young (mean age = 20.80 years; SD = 2.09), half of them are female (50.2%), and most of them were studying in undergraduate programs (n = 3026; 96.2%).Results: The results showed that students' knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine and risk perception of COVID-19 positively influenced their attitude toward the uptake of a COVID-19 vaccine. Also, students' attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination uptake and their past influenza vaccination uptake behaviors were positively associated with the intention to uptake COVID-19 vaccination. Subjective norm and perceived behavioral control were not significant predictors for the intention to uptake COVID-19 vaccination (R2 = 0.49).Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the extended TPB appears to be an efficient model with the focus on attitude, knowledge, risk perception, and past influenza vaccination uptake behaviors in explaining students' intention for COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Fan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, AdventHealth University, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - I-Hua Chen
- School of Education Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition & Personality, Fujian, China
- International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital & School of Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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COVID-19 Vaccination Strategy in China: A Case Study. EPIDEMIOLGIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 2:402-425. [PMID: 36417234 PMCID: PMC9620874 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia2030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China was first reported to the World Health Organization on 31 December 2019, after the first cases were officially identified around 8 December 2019. However, the case of an infected patient of 55 years old can probably be traced back on 17 November. The spreading has been rapid and heterogeneous. Economic, political and social impacts have not been long overdue. This paper, based on English, French and Chinese research in national and international databases, aims to study the COVID-19 situation in China through the management of the outbreak and the Chinese response to vaccination strategy. The coronavirus disease pandemic is under control in China through non-pharmaceutical interventions, and the mass vaccination program has been launched to further prevent the disease and progressed steadily with 483.34 million doses having been administered across the country by 21 May 2021. China is also acting as an important player in the development and production of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Shafiee S, Cegolon L, Khafaei M, Gholami N, Zhao S, Khalesi N, Moosavian H, Fathi S, Izadi M, Ghadian A, Javanbakht M, Javanbakht A, Akhavan-Sigari R. Gastrointestinal cancers, ACE-2/TMPRSS2 expression and susceptibility to COVID-19. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:431. [PMID: 34399734 PMCID: PMC8365127 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 are indicating that the Angiotensin convertase enzyme 2 (ACE-2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) can act as a major component in the fusion of SARS-Cov-2 with target cells. It has also been observed that the expression of ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 can be altered in malignancies. Shedding light on this matter could be crucial since the COVID-19 pandemic interfered with many gastrointestinal cancer screening programs. Herein we discuss the possibility of severe forms of COVID-19 in patients with gastrointestinal cancers due to the gastrointestinal entry route of SARS-CoV-2 into the human body. The disruption of cancer screening programs caused by the current COVID-19 pandemic could therefore have massive negative health impact on patients affected by gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Shafiee
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Luca Cegolon
- Public Health Department, Local Health Unit N.2 "Marca Trevigiana", 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Mostafa Khafaei
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Gholami
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shi Zhao
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nasrin Khalesi
- Department of Pediatrics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Moosavian
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Fathi
- Department of Parasite Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Morteza Izadi
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghadian
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javanbakht
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Boschiero MN, Palamim CVC, Marson FAL. The hindrances to perform the COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:3989-4004. [PMID: 34353218 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1955607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brazil is one of the epicenters of COVID-19 pandemic and faces several hindrances to make his COVID-19 vaccination plan efficient. METHODS The Brazilian COVID-19 vaccination plan was evaluated and the hindrances to make the COVID-19 vaccination plan efficient were described and discussed. RESULTS High territorial extension might contribute to a delay on the COVID-19 vaccination, due to difficulty in delivering vaccines to furthest Brazilian states and to all the interior cities. The choice among the vaccines should be done based on the type of storage and must consider the transport conditions necessary to maintain its effectiveness. The indigenous individuals were included with health-care workers as the first group to be vaccinated, inflaming the number of vaccines doses distributed in states where the indigenous population have higher prevalence. The antivaccine movement and the politicization of the vaccine are also hindrances to be overcome in Brazil. The COVID-19 incidence or mortality rate and the distribution of intensive care units (ICUs) are not a criterion to distribute the vaccines, as we did not identify a correlation between these markers and the number of vaccines. However, a strong or very strong correlation occurred between the number of COVID-19 vaccines and the number of COVID-19 cases, deaths by COVID-19, gross domestic product, as well as populational density. A total of 83,280,475 doses of COVID-19 vaccines were distributed in Brazil. In the first dose, the Coronavac (Sinovac™), AZD1222 (AstraZeneca/Oxford™), and BNT162b (Pfizer/BioNTech™) vaccines were responsible to vaccinate, respectively, 9.61%, 6.69%, and 0.35% of the Brazilian population. In the second dose, the Coronavac, AZD1222, and BNT162b vaccines were responsible to vaccinate, respectively, 7.52%, 0.53%, and <0.01% of the Brazilian population. CONCLUSIONS The Federal Government must evaluate the hindrances and propose solutions to maximize the immunization against COVID-19 on Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Negri Boschiero
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Vantini Capasso Palamim
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
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41
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Han S, Cai J, Yang J, Zhang J, Wu Q, Zheng W, Shi H, Ajelli M, Zhou XH, Yu H. Time-varying optimization of COVID-19 vaccine prioritization in the context of limited vaccination capacity. Nat Commun 2021. [PMID: 34344871 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-257573/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamically adapting the allocation of COVID-19 vaccines to the evolving epidemiological situation could be key to reduce COVID-19 burden. Here we developed a data-driven mechanistic model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to explore optimal vaccine prioritization strategies in China. We found that a time-varying vaccination program (i.e., allocating vaccines to different target groups as the epidemic evolves) can be highly beneficial as it is capable of simultaneously achieving different objectives (e.g., minimizing the number of deaths and of infections). Our findings suggest that boosting the vaccination capacity up to 2.5 million first doses per day (0.17% rollout speed) or higher could greatly reduce COVID-19 burden, should a new wave start to unfold in China with reproduction number ≤1.5. The highest priority categories are consistent under a broad range of assumptions. Finally, a high vaccination capacity in the early phase of the vaccination campaign is key to achieve large gains of strategic prioritizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Han
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhui Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Shi
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Marco Ajelli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Laboratory for the Modelling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhou
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Applied Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Han S, Cai J, Yang J, Zhang J, Wu Q, Zheng W, Shi H, Ajelli M, Zhou XH, Yu H. Time-varying optimization of COVID-19 vaccine prioritization in the context of limited vaccination capacity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4673. [PMID: 34344871 PMCID: PMC8333090 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamically adapting the allocation of COVID-19 vaccines to the evolving epidemiological situation could be key to reduce COVID-19 burden. Here we developed a data-driven mechanistic model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to explore optimal vaccine prioritization strategies in China. We found that a time-varying vaccination program (i.e., allocating vaccines to different target groups as the epidemic evolves) can be highly beneficial as it is capable of simultaneously achieving different objectives (e.g., minimizing the number of deaths and of infections). Our findings suggest that boosting the vaccination capacity up to 2.5 million first doses per day (0.17% rollout speed) or higher could greatly reduce COVID-19 burden, should a new wave start to unfold in China with reproduction number ≤1.5. The highest priority categories are consistent under a broad range of assumptions. Finally, a high vaccination capacity in the early phase of the vaccination campaign is key to achieve large gains of strategic prioritizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Han
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhui Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Shi
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Marco Ajelli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Laboratory for the Modelling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhou
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Applied Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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43
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Guerstein S, Romeo-Aznar V, Dekel M, Miron O, Davidovitch N, Puzis R, Pilosof S. The interplay between vaccination and social distancing strategies affects COVID19 population-level outcomes. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009319. [PMID: 34415900 PMCID: PMC8409608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Social distancing is an effective population-level mitigation strategy to prevent COVID19 propagation but it does not reduce the number of susceptible individuals and bears severe social consequences-a dire situation that can be overcome with the recently developed vaccines. Although a combination of these interventions should provide greater benefits than their isolated deployment, a mechanistic understanding of the interplay between them is missing. To tackle this challenge we developed an age-structured deterministic model in which vaccines are deployed during the pandemic to individuals who do not show symptoms. The model allows for flexible and dynamic prioritization strategies with shifts between target groups. We find a strong interaction between social distancing and vaccination in their effect on the proportion of hospitalizations. In particular, prioritizing vaccines to elderly (60+) before adults (20-59) is more effective when social distancing is applied to adults or uniformly. In addition, the temporal reproductive number Rt is only affected by vaccines when deployed at sufficiently high rates and in tandem with social distancing. Finally, the same reduction in hospitalization can be achieved via different combination of strategies, giving decision makers flexibility in choosing public health policies. Our study provides insights into the factors that affect vaccination success and provides methodology to test different intervention strategies in a way that will align with ethical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Guerstein
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Victoria Romeo-Aznar
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Ecology, Genetics & Evolution, and IEGEBA (UBA-CONICET), Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos-Aires, Argentina
| | - Ma’ayan Dekel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Oren Miron
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nadav Davidovitch
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rami Puzis
- Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shai Pilosof
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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44
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Wang MM, Fleßa S. Overcoming COVID-19 in China despite shortcomings of the public health system: what can we learn? HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2021; 11:25. [PMID: 34228254 PMCID: PMC8259095 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-021-00319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Although there are some doubts about the reporting of cases and deaths in China, it seems that this country was able to control the epidemic more effectively than many other countries. In this paper, we would like to analyze the measures taken in China and compare them with other countries in order to find out what they can learn from China. METHODS We develop a system dynamics model of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan. Based on a number of simulations we analyze the impact of changing parameters, such as contact rates, on the development of a second wave. RESULTS Although China's health care system seems to be poorly financed and inefficient, the epidemic was brought under control in a comparably short period of time and no second wave was experienced in Wuhan until today. The measures to contain the epidemic do not differ from what was implemented in other countries, but China applied them very early and rigorously. For instance, the consequent implementation of health codes and contact-tracking technology contributed to contain the disease and effectively prevented the second and third waves. CONCLUSIONS China's success in fighting COVID-19 is based on a very strict implementation of a set of measures, including digital management. While other countries discuss relaxing the lock-down at a rate of 50 per 100,000 inhabitants, China started local lock-downs at a rate of 3 per 100,000. We call for a public debate whether this policy would be feasible for more liberal countries as well.
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45
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Despite vaccination, China needs non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent widespread outbreaks of COVID-19 in 2021. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:1009-1020. [PMID: 34158650 PMCID: PMC8373613 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination is being conducted in over 200 countries and regions to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission and return to a pre-pandemic lifestyle. However, understanding when non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can be lifted as immunity builds up remains a key question for policy makers. To address this, we built a data-driven model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission for China. We estimated that, to prevent the escalation of local outbreaks to widespread epidemics, stringent NPIs need to remain in place at least one year after the start of vaccination. Should NPIs alone be capable of keeping the reproduction number (Rt) around 1.3, the synergetic effect of NPIs and vaccination could reduce the COVID-19 burden by up to 99% and bring Rt below the epidemic threshold in about 9 months. Maintaining strict NPIs throughout 2021 is of paramount importance to reduce COVID-19 burden while vaccines are distributed to the population, especially in large populations with little natural immunity. Using data-driven epidemiological modelling, Yu et al. estimate that, even with increasing vaccine availability, China will have to maintain stringent non-pharmaceutical interventions for at least a year to prevent new widespread outbreaks of COVID-19.
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46
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Yang J, Marziano V, Deng X, Guzzetta G, Zhang J, Trentini F, Cai J, Poletti P, Zheng W, Wang W, Wu Q, Zhao Z, Dong K, Zhong G, Viboud C, Merler S, Ajelli M, Yu H. To what extent do we need to rely on non-pharmaceutical interventions while COVID-19 vaccines roll out in 2021? MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [PMID: 33564776 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.03.21251108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination is being conducted in over 190 countries/regions to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission and return to a pre-pandemic lifestyle. However, understanding when non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can be lifted as immunity builds up remain a key question for policy makers. To address it, we built a data-driven model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission for China. We estimated that to prevent the escalation of local outbreaks to widespread epidemics, stringent NPIs need to remain in place at least one year after the start of vaccination. Should NPIs alone be capable to keep the reproduction number (R t ) around 1.3, the synergetic effect of NPIs and vaccination could reduce up to 99% of COVID-19 burden and bring R t below the epidemic threshold in about 9 months. Maintaining strict NPIs throughout 2021 is of paramount importance to reduce COVID-19 burden while vaccines are distributed to the population, especially in large populations with little natural immunity.
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47
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Yang J, Marziano V, Deng X, Guzzetta G, Zhang J, Trentini F, Cai J, Poletti P, Zheng W, Wang W, Wu Q, Zhao Z, Dong K, Zhong G, Viboud C, Merler S, Ajelli M, Yu H. Can a COVID-19 vaccination program guarantee the return to a pre-pandemic lifestyle? RESEARCH SQUARE 2021:rs.3.rs-200069. [PMID: 33594357 PMCID: PMC7885929 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-200069/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination programs have been initiated in several countries to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission and return to a pre-pandemic lifestyle. However, understanding when non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can be lifted as vaccination builds up and how to update priority groups for vaccination in real-time remain key questions for policy makers. To address these questions, we built a data-driven model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission for China. We estimated that, to prevent local outbreaks to escalate to major widespread epidemics, stringent NPIs need to remain in place at least one year after the start of vaccination. Should NPIs be capable to keep the reproduction number (Rt) around 1.3, a vaccination program could reduce up to 99% of COVID-19 burden and bring Rt below the epidemic threshold in about 9 months. Maintaining strict NPIs throughout 2021 is of paramount importance to reduce COVID-19 burden while vaccines are distributed to the population, especially in large populations with little natural immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiaowei Deng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Juanjuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jun Cai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Wen Zheng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhui Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyao Zhao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaige Dong
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjie Zhong
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Cécile Viboud
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Marco Ajelli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of infectious diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China
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