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Qin JJ, Zhu H, Song ZW, Hou XJ, Wang XM, Wang L, Li JX. A randomized double-blind clinical trial: Comparison of oclacitinib with a traditional Chinese herbal medicine product (Dihuang Guiqin capsule) in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105221. [PMID: 38490043 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, which seriously affects the quality of life for both dogs and their owners. Currently, the common therapeutic drugs in the clinic have disadvantages such as obvious adverse effects and high prices. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) has great potential for the treatment of cAD. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of different doses of the TCHM product (Dihuang Guiqin capsule) and oclacitinib in the treatment of cAD through a randomized, double-blind trial. Sixty dogs diagnosed with AD were randomly and evenly divided into four groups (n = 15). The TCHM treatment group consisted of three subgroups that received three different oral doses (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg BW), while the control group received 0.5 mg/kg BW of oclacitinib. Each group was administered twice daily for 14 consecutive days. The results showed that both TCHM and oclacitinib significantly improved cAD-induced itching (evaluated by pVAS) and skin lesions (evaluated by CADESI-04), while interleukin 31 (IL-31) concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and serum biochemical indicators returned to normal. In particular, The therapeutic effects of TCHM medium- and high-dose groups were similar to those of oclacitinib (P > 0.05). The preliminary recommended dose of Dihuang Guiqin capsule for the treatment of cAD has been determined to be 40-60 mg/kg BW twice daily for 14 consecutive days, which can be reduced to once daily as appropriate. Dihuang Guiqin capsule was safe and well tolerated, which may be a new option for the treatment of cAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China; Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, PR China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, PR China
| | - Zhe-Wen Song
- Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Hou
- Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, PR China
| | - Xiu-Min Wang
- Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Jian-Xi Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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Băieş MH, Cotuţiu VD, Spînu M, Mathe A, Cozma-Petruț A, Bolboacǎ SD, Engberg RM, Collin A, Cozma V. In vivo assessment of the antiparasitic effects of Allium sativum L. and Artemisia absinthium L. against gastrointestinal parasites in swine from low-input farms. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:126. [PMID: 38561770 PMCID: PMC10983701 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethno-veterinary practices could be used as a sustainable developmental tool by integrating traditional phytotherapy and husbandry. Phytotherapeutics are available and used worldwide. However, evidence of their antiparasitic efficacy is currently very limited. Parasitic diseases have a considerable effect on pig production, causing economic losses due to high morbidity and mortality. In this respect, especially smallholders and organic producers face severe challenges. Parasites, as disease causing agents, often outcompete other pathogens in such extensive production systems. A total of 720 faecal samples were collected in two farms from three age categories, i.e. weaners, fatteners, and sows. Flotation (Willis and McMaster method), modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained faecal smear, centrifugal sedimentation, modified Blagg technique, and faecal cultures were used to identify parasites and quantify the parasitic load. RESULTS The examination confirmed the presence of infections with Eimeria spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Balantioides coli (syn. Balantidium coli), Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum spp., Strongyloides ransomi, and Trichuris suis, distributed based on age category. A dose of 180 mg/kg bw/day of Allium sativum L. and 90 mg/kg bw/day of Artemisia absinthium L. powders, administered for 10 consecutive days, revealed a strong, taxonomy-based antiprotozoal and anthelmintic activity. CONCLUSIONS The results highlighted the therapeutic potential of both A. sativum and A. absinthium against gastrointestinal parasites in pigs. Their therapeutic effectiveness may be attributed to the content in polyphenols, tocopherols, flavonoids, sterols, sesquiterpene lactones, and sulfoxide. Further research is required to establish the minimal effective dose of both plants against digestive parasites in pigs.
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Grants
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai-Horia Băieş
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad-Dan Cotuţiu
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marina Spînu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Attila Mathe
- Agricultural Research and Development Station of Turda, 27 Agriculturii Street, 401100, Turda, Romania
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruț
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Sorana D Bolboacǎ
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ricarda Margaret Engberg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, 20 Blichers Allé, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Anne Collin
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Vasile Cozma
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Gheorghe Ionescu-Siseşti (A.S.A.S), 61 Mǎrǎşti Boulevard, 011464, Bucharest, Romania
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Băieş MH, Cotuţiu VD, Spînu M, Mathe A, Cozma-Petruț A, Bocǎneţ VI, Cozma V. Satureja hortensis L. and Calendula officinalis L., Two Romanian Plants, with In Vivo Antiparasitic Potential against Digestive Parasites of Swine. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2980. [PMID: 38138124 PMCID: PMC10746069 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal parasitic diseases of swine constitute a major welfare and health concern in low-input livestock farming. Due to an increase in chemical resistance, phytotherapeutic remedies have become an alternative for the prophylaxis and therapy of digestive parasitosis, albeit few remedies have been subjected to scientific validation. Low-input swine farming in Romania has adopted the traditional use of phytotherapy for controlling pathogens in livestock. The current study aimed to assess the antiparasitic potential of Calendula officinalis and Satureja hortensis against digestive parasites of swine in two low-input farms. The fecal samples were collected from sows, fatteners, and weaners, and were tested using the following coproparasitological methods: centrifugal sedimentation, flotation (Willis, McMaster egg counting technique), Ziehl-Neelsen stain modified by Henricksen, modified Blagg method, and in vitro nematode larvae/protozoan oocyst cultures. Six species of digestive parasites were diagnosed, namely Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Oesophagostomum spp., Balantioides coli, Eimeria spp., and Cryptosporidium spp., in various combinations, dependent on the swine category. A dose of 140 mg/kg bw/day of C. officinalis and 100 mg/kg bw/day of S. hortensis powders administered for 10 consecutive days revealed a strong antiprotozoal and anthelmintic activity on the aforementioned parasites. The curative efficacy can be attributed to the presence of polyphenols, sterols, tocopherols, and methoxylated flavones. In conclusion, our results indicate that S. hortensis and C. officinalis are promising alternatives to the commercially available antiparasitics, enabling their use as natural antiparasitic products against gastrointestinal parasites in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai-Horia Băieş
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-H.B.); (V.-D.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Vlad-Dan Cotuţiu
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-H.B.); (V.-D.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Marina Spînu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Attila Mathe
- Agricultural Research and Development Station of Turda, Agriculturii Street, 27, 401100 Turda, Romania;
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruț
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad I. Bocǎneţ
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Robotics and Production Management, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vasile Cozma
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-H.B.); (V.-D.C.); (V.C.)
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Gheorghe Ionescu-Siseşti (A.S.A.S.), Mărăști Boulevard, 61, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
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Fabjanowska J, Kowalczuk-Vasilev E, Klebaniuk R, Milewski S, Gümüş H. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Nutritional Support of the Reproductive and Immune System of Cattle-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3589. [PMID: 38003206 PMCID: PMC10668692 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on the role of n-3 fatty acids as a nutrient crucial to the proper functioning of reproductive and immune systems in cattle. Emphasis was placed on the connection between maternal and offspring immunity. The summarized results confirm the importance and beneficial effect of n-3 family fatty acids on ruminant organisms. Meanwhile, dietary n-3 fatty acids supplementation, especially during the critical first week for dairy cows experiencing their peripartum period, in general, is expected to enhance reproductive performance, and the impact of its supplementation appears to be dependent on body condition scores of cows during the drying period, the severity of the negative energy balance, and the amount of fat in the basic feed ration. An unbalanced, insufficient, or excessive fatty acid supplementation of cows' diets in the early stages of pregnancy (during fetus development) may affect both the metabolic and nutritional programming of the offspring. The presence of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family in the calves' ration affects not only the performance of calves but also the immune response, antioxidant status, and overall metabolism of the future adult cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fabjanowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Renata Klebaniuk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Szymon Milewski
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Hıdır Gümüş
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, 15030 Burdur, Türkiye;
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Kumar S, Varada VV, Banakar PS, Tyagi N, Chouraddi R, Hogarehalli Mallapa R, Tyagi AK. Screening and characterization of Sahiwal cattle calves-origin lactic acid bacteria based on desired probiotic attributes for potential application. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1612-1625. [PMID: 35244506 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2043885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are living microorganisms that confer health benefits to host when administered in adequate amounts. To develop novel host-specific probiotic for their application as feed additive, the present study was undertaken to isolate and characterize probiotic strains of indigenous cattle-calves origin. A total of 55 colonies were isolated from 12 healthy calves, with 34 of the isolates being Gram-positive, catalase-negative and vancomycin-resistant. Furthermore, eleven isolates showed tolerance to acid (pH 2.0) and thirteen isolates tolerated bile salts (0.3%). Seven common acid and bile tolerance strains were further investigated for other probiotic attributes and displayed higher (p< 0.05) auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity values. Moreover, all seven isolates had potent antibacterial activity against pathobiont E. coli as well as significant co-aggregation capacity and enzyme activity. In vitro biosafety assessment revealed that all seven isolates were non-hemolytic, negative for mucin degradation and susceptible to most of the antibiotics. Based on the obtained findings, heatmap and principal component analysis identified four highly effective probiotic candidates confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing as Limosilactobacillus reuteri SW23, Limosilactobacillus reuteri SW26, Limosilactobacillus reuteri SW27 and Enterococcus faecium SW28, respectively. Further studies on biosafety aspect are warranted for the application of these strains in animal as potential probiotics.HIGHLIGHTSL. reuteri SW23, L. reuteri SW26, L. reuteri SW28 and Enterococcus faecium SW28 were successfully isolated and identified from indigenous calves' feces.These microbes were characterized for potential probiotics attributes.Heatmap analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) was used along with probiotic attributes to select highly effective probiotic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Vinay Venkatesh Varada
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Praveen Sivakumara Banakar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Nitin Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Rakesh Chouraddi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | | | - Amrish Kumar Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
- Presently as Assistant Director General (Animal nutrition and Physiology), Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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Milani F, Bottoni M, Bardelli L, Colombo L, Colombo PS, Bruschi P, Giuliani C, Fico G. Remnants from the Past: From an 18th Century Manuscript to 21st Century Ethnobotany in Valle Imagna (Bergamo, Italy). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2748. [PMID: 37514363 PMCID: PMC10386062 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This project originated from the study of an 18th century manuscript found in Valle Imagna (Bergamo, Italy) which contains 200 plant-based medicinal remedies. A first comparison with published books concerning 20th century folk medicine in the Valley led to the designing of an ethnobotanical investigation, aimed at making a thorough comparison between past and current phytotherapy knowledge in this territory. METHODS The field investigation was conducted through semi-structured interviews. All data collected was entered in a database and subsequently processed. A diachronic comparison between the field results, the manuscript, and a 20th century book was then performed. RESULTS A total of 109 interviews were conducted and the use of 103 medicinal plants, belonging to 46 families, was noted. A decrease in number of plant taxa and uses was observed over time, with only 42 taxa and 34 uses reported in the manuscript being currently known by the people of the valley. A thorough comparison with the remedies in the manuscript highlighted similar recipes for 12 species. Specifically, the use of agrimony in Valle Imagna for the treatment of deep wounds calls back to an ancient remedy against leg ulcers based on this species. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary results of this study allow us to outline the partial passage through time fragments of ancient plant-based remedies once used in the investigated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Milani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Martina Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Laura Bardelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Paola Sira Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Piero Bruschi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Forestry Science and Technology, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
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McNeil BK, Renaud DL, Steele MA, Keunen AJ, DeVries TJ. Effects of Echinacea purpurea supplementation on markers of immunity, health, intake, and growth of dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00299-0. [PMID: 37268577 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea (EP) is an herb that has demonstrated immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects with the potential to improve immunity, health, and performance in animals. The objective of this study was to investigate how supplementing calves with EP affects their blood immunity marker profile, health, intake, and growth. Male Holstein calves (n = 240), sourced from local dairy farms or auction, arrived at a rearing facility between 5 and 14 d of age and were kept in individual pens in 1 of 3 rooms (80/room) for 56 d, and then put into groups for the remaining 21 d of the trial. Calves received milk replacer (MR) 2× per day for 56 d (total = 36 kg of MR) and had ab libitum water and starter access. Within room, calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: (1) control (n = 80), (2) 3g of dried (powder) EP extract per day split over 2 milk feedings from experiment d 14-28 (n = 80), and (3) 3 g of dried (powder) EP extract per day split over 2 milk feedings from experiment d 1-56 (E56; n = 80). The powdered EP treatments were mixed into the liquid MR. On d 1, 14, 28, and 57 rectal temperatures and blood were collected from a subset of calves (n = 117; 39 calves/treatment), and blood serum was assessed for serum total protein (d 1), haptoglobin, white blood cells, and cytokines. Failed transfer of passive immunity was defined as serum total protein <5.2 g/dL. Calves were health scored 2× per day, receiving fecal and respiratory scores until d 28 and 77, respectively. Calves were weighed on arrival and then weekly until d 77. Milk replacer and feed refusals were recorded. Supplementation of EP was associated with lower haptoglobin levels, segmented neutrophil counts, segmented neutrophil per lymphocyte ratio, respiratory scores in auction derived calves, and higher lymphocyte counts and d 28 rectal temperature. Of calves with heavier arrival body weight, E56 calves had greater postweaning weekly body weight. There was no detected effect of EP supplementation on total white blood cells, band neutrophil, monocyte, and basophil counts, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, fecal scores, risk of receiving diarrhea and respiratory treatment, risk of bovine respiratory disease (calves were deemed at risk for bovine respiratory disease if they had at least 1 respiratory score ≥5), risk of mortality, MR and feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. Overall, EP supplementation to dairy calves was associated with immunomodulation and reduced inflammation, evidenced through blood markers, although only few minor health and growth improvements were observed. Benefits were observed particularly when fed across the whole milk feeding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K McNeil
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - A J Keunen
- Mapleview Agri Ltd., Palmerston, ON, N0G 2P0, Canada
| | - T J DeVries
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Domínguez-Odio A, Delgado DLC. Global commercialization and research of veterinary vaccines against Pasteurella multocida: 2015-2022 technological surveillance. Vet World 2023; 16:946-956. [PMID: 37576757 PMCID: PMC10420726 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.946-956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Pasteurella multocida can infect a multitude of wild and domesticated animals, bacterial vaccines have become a crucial tool in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal production. The study aimed to evaluate the current status and scientific trends related to veterinary vaccines against Pasteurella multocida during the 2015-2022 period. Material and Methods The characteristics of globally marketed vaccines were investigated based on the official websites of 22 pharmaceutical companies. VOSviewer® 1.6.18 was used to visualize networks of coauthorship and cooccurrence of keywords from papers published in English and available in Scopus. Results Current commercial vaccines are mostly inactivated (81.7%), adjuvanted in aluminum hydroxide (57.8%), and designed to immunize cattle (33.0%). Investigational vaccines prioritize the inclusion of attenuated strains, peptide fragments, recombinant proteins, DNA as antigens, aluminum compounds as adjuvants and poultry as the target species. Conclusion Despite advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology, there will be no changes in the commercial dominance of inactivated and aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted vaccines in the short term (3-5 years). The future prospects for bacterial vaccines in animal production are promising, with advancements in vaccine formulation and genetic engineering, they have the potential to improve the sustainability of the industry. It is necessary to continue with the studies to improve the efficacy of the vaccines and their availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aníbal Domínguez-Odio
- Dirección de Ciencia e Innovación. Grupo Empresarial LABIOFAM. Avenida Independencia km 16½, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Daniel Leonardo Cala Delgado
- Animal Science Research Group, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Sede Bucaramanga, Carrera 33 N°, 30ª-05 (4.162,49 km) 68000, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Jerez-Bogota K, Jensen M, Højberg O, Cormican P, Lawlor PG, Gardiner GE, Canibe N. Antibacterial plant combinations prevent postweaning diarrhea in organically raised piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1095160. [PMID: 37077951 PMCID: PMC10106643 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1095160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics and zinc oxide restrictions encourage the search for alternatives to combat intestinal pathogens, including enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a major cause of postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs. PWD causes important economic losses for conventional and organic farming. This study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with garlic and apple pomace or blackcurrant on infection indicators and the fecal microbiota of organic-raised piglets challenged with ETEC-F18. For 21 days, 32 piglets (7-weeks-old) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: non-challenge (NC); ETEC-challenged (PC); ETEC-challenged receiving garlic and apple pomace (3 + 3%; GA); ETEC-challenged receiving garlic and blackcurrant (3 + 3%; GB). ETEC-F18 was administered (8 mL; 109 CFU/ml) on days 1 and 2 postweaning. The 1st week, PC had lower average daily gain than those in the NC, GA, and GB groups (P < 0.05). NC pigs showed neither ETEC-F18 shedding nor signs of diarrhea. The PC group had higher diarrhea incidence and lower fecal dry matter than NC (≈5–10 days; 95% sEBCI). The GA and GB groups showed reduced ETEC-F18 and fedA gene shedding, higher fecal dry matter, and lower diarrhea incidence than the PC (≈5–9 days; 95% sEBCI). The NC, GA, and GB had normal hematology values during most of the study, whereas the PC had increased (P < 0.05) red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit on day 7. Haptoglobin and pig-MAP increased in all groups, peaking on day 7, but PC showed the greatest increase (P < 0.05). The fecal microbiota of PC pigs had reduced α-diversity (day 7; P < 0.05) and higher volatility (days 3–14; P < 0.05). Escherichia, Campylobacter, and Erysipelothrix were more abundant in the PC than in the NC, GB, and GA groups (log2FC > 2; P < 0.05), whereas Catenibacterium, Dialister, and Mitsoukella were more abundant in the NC, GB, and GA than in the PC group (log2FC > 2; P < 0.05). Prevotella and Lactobacillus were more abundant in the GB group (log2FC > 2, P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of GA and GB limited ETEC proliferation, reduced PWD, and beneficially impacted the fecal microbiota's diversity, composition, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jerez-Bogota
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Martin Jensen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Højberg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Paul Cormican
- Animal Bioscience Research Centre, Teagasc Grange, Meath, Ireland
| | - Peadar G. Lawlor
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Gillian E. Gardiner
- Department of Science, Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Southeast Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Nuria Canibe
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Nuria Canibe
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10
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Zhang Z, Guo Q, Wang J, Tan H, Jin X, Fan Y, Liu J, Zhao S, Zheng J, Peng N. Postbiotics from Pichia kudriavzevii promote intestinal health performance through regulation of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in weaned piglets. Food Funct 2023; 14:3463-3474. [PMID: 36912248 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03695a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Postbiotics are attractive as alternatives to antibiotics for use against post-weaning diarrhea. However, their beneficial mechanisms are largely unknown. In the current study, we first demonstrated that supplementation with 0.5% Pichia kudriavzevii FZ12 postbiotics in the diet significantly reduced diarrhea incidence, promoted growth performance, improved gut health performance, and significantly enriched beneficial bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus spp., in the intestines of weaned piglets. Importantly, we identified a heat- and proteinase K-sensitive component, cytochrome c, of the postbiotics that significantly promoted the growth and biofilm formation of Limosilactobacillus reuteri FP13. We demonstrated the importance of P. kudriavzevii FZ12 postbiotics in improving the intestinal health of a model animal and revealed that cytochrome c is one of the important components of yeast postbiotics. These findings may provide new insights into microbe-postbiotics interplay that can be applied to guidelines for dietary modulation to alleviate weaning-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China. .,The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiujin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Hongyan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Xuexia Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Yurong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Shumiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Jinshui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Nan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China.
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11
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Wendner D, Schott T, Mayer E, Teichmann K. Beneficial Effects of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Epithelial Barrier Integrity in an In Vitro Co-Culture Model of the Piglet Gut. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031026. [PMID: 36770693 PMCID: PMC9920886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial farming of livestock is increasingly focused on high productivity and performance. As a result, concerns are growing regarding the safety of food and feed, and the sustainability involved in their production. Therefore, research in areas such as animal health, welfare, and the effects of feed additives on animals is of significant importance. In this study, an in vitro co-culture model of the piglet gut was used to investigate the effects of two phytogenic feed additives (PFA) with similar compositions. Intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were co-cultivated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to model the complex porcine gut environment in vitro. The effects of treatments on epithelial barrier integrity were assessed by means of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in the presence of an inflammatory challenge. Protective effects of PFA administration were observed, depending on treatment duration and the model compartment. After 48 h, TEER values were significantly increased by 12-13% when extracts of the PFA were applied to the basolateral compartment (p < 0.05; n = 4), while no significant effects on cell viability were observed. No significant differences in the activity of a PFA based mainly on pure chemical compounds versus a PFA based mainly on complex, natural essential oils, and extracts were found. Overall, the co-culture model was used successfully to investigate and demonstrate beneficial effects of PFAs on intestinal epithelial barrier function during an inflammatory challenge in vitro. In addition, it demonstrates that the two PFAs are equivalent in effect. This study provides useful insights for further research on porcine gut health status even without invasive in vivo trials.
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12
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Aminfar H, Maham M, Dalir-Naghadeh B. Effects of aqueous ginger extract on smooth muscle contraction in bovine cecum: in vitro study. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:139-144. [PMID: 37033778 PMCID: PMC10073806 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.545837.3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal hypomotility cause health risks and economic losses and is considered as an important digestive disorder that efforts to find prokinetic drugs can solve this major problem. This study investigated the effects of Zingiber officinale aqueous extract (ZOAE) on caecal smooth muscle contractions in healthy cows. To perform in vitro tests, cecum strips connected to the organ bath. Ginger aqueous extract caused concentration-dependent contraction in caecal smooth muscle with an effective threshold concentration of 6.00 mg L-1. The strongest contraction was caused at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 with an average contraction of 141%. To evaluate the possible mechanisms underlying the contractile effect on cecum strips, atropine, 1,1-dimethyl-4-diphenylacetoxypiperidinium iodide (4-DAMP) and verapamil completely inhibited aqueous extract induced smooth muscle contractions, while addition of hexamethonium had no effect on the contraction process. The lack of reduction of contractions caused by the extract in the presence of hexamethonium indicates that presence of acetylcholine-like constituents independent of nicotinic receptors. The inhibitory properties of atropine and 4-DAMP indicate that at least part of the prokinetic effect of the extract is due to stimulating the muscarinic receptors, especially M3 receptors. Also, verapamil inhibitory function proves that the extract acting by L-type calcium channels. The results suggest that the ZOAE has a potential prokinetic effect which may provide a pharmacological base to its medicinal or prophylactic use in caecal motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Aminfar
- DVSc Graduate, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
- Correspondence: Hadi Aminfar. DVM, DVSc , DVSc Graduate, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Masoud Maham
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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13
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Wang S, Jiang H, Qiao Y, Jiang S, Lin H, Sun Q. The Research Progress of Vision-Based Artificial Intelligence in Smart Pig Farming. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22176541. [PMID: 36080994 PMCID: PMC9460267 DOI: 10.3390/s22176541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pork accounts for an important proportion of livestock products. For pig farming, a lot of manpower, material resources and time are required to monitor pig health and welfare. As the number of pigs in farming increases, the continued use of traditional monitoring methods may cause stress and harm to pigs and farmers and affect pig health and welfare as well as farming economic output. In addition, the application of artificial intelligence has become a core part of smart pig farming. The precision pig farming system uses sensors such as cameras and radio frequency identification to monitor biometric information such as pig sound and pig behavior in real-time and convert them into key indicators of pig health and welfare. By analyzing the key indicators, problems in pig health and welfare can be detected early, and timely intervention and treatment can be provided, which helps to improve the production and economic efficiency of pig farming. This paper studies more than 150 papers on precision pig farming and summarizes and evaluates the application of artificial intelligence technologies to pig detection, tracking, behavior recognition and sound recognition. Finally, we summarize and discuss the opportunities and challenges of precision pig farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunli Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Honghua Jiang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Yongliang Qiao
- Australian Centre for Field Robotics (ACFR), Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Huaiqin Lin
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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14
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Turini L, Mantino A, Tozzi B, Bonelli F, Silvi A, Mele M, Sgorbini M, Meucci V, Minieri S. Effect of a Phytogenic Feed Additive in Preventing Calves' Diarrhea. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:873194. [PMID: 35647110 PMCID: PMC9130831 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.873194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to evaluate the preventive and the therapeutic effect of Stodi® as phytogenic feed additive rich in phenolic substances on the calf diarrhea, during the first 24 days of life. A total of 40 calves were included and randomly divided into Group C (control group) and Group T (treated group) with placebo or treatment administration started from the third day of life (T0). Calves belonged to group C received 2 L of warm water, while the calves assigned to group T received 2L of warm water plus 30 g of Stodi®. Solutions administration was maintained until day 21 (T21) that was the end of the experimental period. Calves were weighed at T0 and T21 to assess the average daily gain (ADG). Physical examination and fecal score evaluation were performed daily. The duration of a diarrheic episode, the age of the first diarrhea outbreak (TDE) and the frequency of diarrheic episodes were recorded. Complete blood count, methemoglobin and liver enzymes were evaluated at T0 and at T21 in all the calves by spectrophotometer and clinical chemistry analysis, respectively. Data were analyzed using a mixed model. A Chi-square and a Mann-Whitney test were also performed. No difference was found for ADG between the groups. The difference of mean age at TDE was not statistically significant between C and T group. The number of calves with diarrhea in the C group tended to be higher than that of T group (p = 0.13). Calves in group C spent more days with clinical sign of diarrhea compared to group T (p = 0.016). Complete blood count, methemoglobin and liver enzymes were within the reference ranges. The feed additive Stodi® seemed to be effective in shortening neonatal diarrhea episodes in calves thanks to the administration of 30 g per day of product. The fixed dosage of Stodi® used in our study did not show a preventive effect to reduce the incidence of calf diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Turini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari, Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantino
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Tozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonelli
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alina Silvi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari, Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari, Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Minieri
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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15
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Wang S, Cui D, Lv Y, Yan Z, Zhang J. Cangpu Oral Liquid as a Possible Alternative to Antibiotics for the Control of Undifferentiated Calf Diarrhea. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:879857. [PMID: 35573407 PMCID: PMC9100688 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.879857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are essential in the prevention of calf diarrhea epidemics. As more antibiotics become ineffective due to drug-resistant bacteria, attention must be directed toward alternative treatments for calf diarrhea. Natural antibiotic alternatives, such as Chinese herbal medicine, have become a research hotspot in the clinical treatment of diseases such as calf diarrhea due to their characteristics of fewer side effects, low cost, little residue, and no drug resistance. The Cangpu Oral Liquid (CP) was modified from a traditional herbal formula that had been widely used in ancient China to treat gastrointestinal diseases in animals. In order to evaluate the treatment effect of CP on neonatal calf diarrhea, a randomized controlled field trial was performed. Two hundred and forty-six diarrheal Holstein calves of 2–15 days old were selected and randomly divided into two treatment groups receiving either apramycin or CP. 101 out of 123 calves recovered from diarrhea in the CP group, whereas 77 out of 123 calves showed recovery after antibiotic therapy. There were no differences in initial weight between both groups, while the final weight was significantly different (P = 0.892, P = 0.025, respectively). The mean average daily gain (ADG) of calves (211.45 gram/day) in the CP group was significantly higher compared to the antibiotic group (164.56 gram/day) (P = 0.001). The CP group also showed a shorter recovery time from diarrhea (3.90 days vs. 6.62 days, P = 0.001). The current results indicate that the CP has a beneficial clinical effect on the treatment of diarrhea in neonatal calves and is an effective alternative treatment option.
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Placha I, Bacova K, Plachy L. Current Knowledge on the Bioavailability of Thymol as a Feed Additive in Humans and Animals with a Focus on Rabbit Metabolic Processes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091131. [PMID: 35565557 PMCID: PMC9104011 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review provides general information on the possible health benefits in animals and humans of herbal additives, particularly thymol, whose phenolic group is responsible for the neutralisation of free radicals, and information concerning its detection through body action, bioavailability and mechanisms in rabbits. Plants containing thymol have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. Although a great number of in vitro studies of cardiovascular and cancer diseases are available, in vivo studies that confirm these findings have not been sufficiently reported. To determine the beneficial dose, further clinical studies are necessary, with preclinical comprehensive research on animal models. Abstract The aim of this review is to describe the therapeutic effect of thymol on various human diseases, followed by its bioavailability in humans and animals. Based on our knowledge from the current literature, after thymol addition, thymol metabolites—mostly thymol sulphate and glucuronide—are detected in the plasma and urine of humans and in the plasma, intestinal content, faeces and tissues in rats, pigs, chickens, horses and rabbits after enzymatic cleavage. In rabbits, thymol absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, its distribution within the organism, its accumulation in tissues and its excretion from the organism have been described in detail. It is necessary and important for these studies to suggest the appropriate dose needed to achieve the required health benefits not only for animals but also for humans. Information from this review concerning the mode of action of thymol in animal organisms could also be applied to human medicine and may help in the utilisation of herbal medicine in humans and in veterinary healthcare. This review summarises the important aspects of thymol’s effects on health and its bioavailability in organisms, particularly in rabbits. In future, herbal-based drugs must be extensively investigated in terms of their mode of action, efficiency of administration and clinical effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Placha
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-55-792-2969
| | - Kristina Bacova
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Plachy
- 1st Department of Cardiology, East Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ondavska 8, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Trieda SNP 457/1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
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Schlittenlacher T, Knubben-Schweizer G, Dal Cero M, Vogl CR, Maeschli A, Hamburger M, Walkenhorst M. What can we learn from past and recent Bavarian knowledge for the future development of European veterinary herbal medicine? An ethnoveterinary study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:114933. [PMID: 34954268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE While the interest in finding medical solutions for the worldwide antibiotics crisis is rising, the legal possibility of simplified authorization of herbal veterinary medicinal products is dwindling. An important basis for both the preservation and development of knowledge in veterinary herbal medicine are pharmacological and clinical studies on the performance of herbal remedies, based on historical written sources on the treatment of farm animals with medicinal plants, as well as current ethnoveterinary research. Nevertheless, there is only limited systematic ethnoveterinary research in Europe, with the exceptions of the Mediterranean region, Switzerland and Austria. We conducted a survey on the ethnoveterinary knowledge of farmers in Bavaria, and analyzed two regional historical textbooks. AIM OF THE STUDY We documented the local veterinary knowledge about livestock in Bavaria based upon local historical textbooks and upon ethnoveterinary interviews to discover opportunities for the future development of European veterinary herbal medicine. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 2018/2019 we conducted 77 semi-structured interviews with 101 farmers from different types of farms. Detailed information about homemade herbal remedies (plant species, plant part, manufacturing process, source of knowledge) and the corresponding use reports (target animal species, category of use, route of administration, dosage, source of knowledge, frequency of use, last time of use and farmers' satisfaction) were collected. To compare our data with the literature, the use reports of two local historical textbooks were analyzed and compared with the data from the interviews. RESULTS 716 homemade remedy reports (HRs) for altogether 884 use reports (URs) were documented in this study. We picked the 363 HRs that consisted of a single plant species with or without other natural products (HSHRs) for a deeper analysis. These HSHRs were prepared from 108 plant species that belonged to 57 botanical families. The most URs were documented for the families of: Asteraceae, Linaceae and Urticaceae. Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae), Linum usitatissimum L. (Linaceae) and Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) were the most often documented single species. A total of 448 URs were gathered for the 363 HSHRs. The largest number of URs was for treatments of gastrointestinal disorders and metabolic dysfunctions, followed by skin alterations and sores. For nearly half of the URs the source of knowledge was family and friends. For 80 URs the source of knowledge was different from that of the corresponding HSHRs. For 68% of the URs farmers mentioned at least one use during the last 5 years. Half of the plant species that were mentioned in the historical literature were also mentioned in URs by the interviewees. CONCLUSION In Bavaria, medicinal plants are actively used by farmers to treat their livestock with a high level of satisfaction. The knowledge is not passed on from generation to generation in a purely static way, but is dynamically developed by the users in almost one fifth of the URs. Ethnoveterinary research combined with data from regional historical textbooks may facilitate pharmacological and clinical studies in veterinary medicine, and the discussion about a simplified registration for traditional herbal veterinary medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Schlittenlacher
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Kasseler Straße 1a, Postfach 900163, D-60441, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Gabriela Knubben-Schweizer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Maja Dal Cero
- University of Zurich, Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Vogl
- Division of Organic Farming, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ariane Maeschli
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Ackerstrasse 113, Postfach, CH, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Ackerstrasse 113, Postfach, CH, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
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18
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Yang Y, Huang L, Tian C, Qian B. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate alleviate airway inflammatory responses in ovalbumin-induced mouse model of allergic asthma. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:525-533. [PMID: 35315307 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2055567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma is a common chronic airway inflammatory disease, lacking effective therapeutic approaches. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) is an anti-inflammatory drug for treating chronic inflammation. However, it is still ambiguous whether MgIG can function in allergy induced asthma. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammation effect of MgIG in mice with allergy induced asthma and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Mouse asthma model was established with ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. Subsequently, mice sensitized with OVA were randomly assigned into fourgroups: asthma model group (MDL), dexamethasone group (DXM), MgIG group (MgIG), and normal mice were used as normal control (CON). The mice in MgIG, MDL were given 0.2 mg/ml MgIG solution by atomization inhalation for 30 min before 1% (w/v) OVA challenge. At the completion of model establishment and drug treatment, cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were classified, inflammatory factors in serum were determined, histopathological analysis was performed by H&E staining, and expression of MUC5AC, NLRP3, and cleaved caspase-1 in the lung tissue was also determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, respectively. KEY FINDINGS In comparison to MDL group, MgIG treatment could significantly inhibit the recruitment of white blood cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils in BALF, reduced the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IgE in serum, and reduced mucus secretion and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Also, an increase of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein levels were suppressed by MgIG treatment. CONCLUSION Our study findings support that nebulizer inhalation of MgIG as an effective therapy in treating the allergy induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, P.R.China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, P.R.China
| | - Chongchong Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, P.R.China
| | - Bingjun Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, P.R.China
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19
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Schott T, Reisinger N, Teichmann K, König J, Ladinig A, Mayer E. Establishment of an In Vitro Co-Culture Model of the Piglet Gut to Study Inflammatory Response and Barrier Integrity. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:262-273. [PMID: 34144625 DOI: 10.1055/a-1510-5802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In intensive farming, piglets are exposed to various challenges that activate intestinal inflammatory processes, negatively affecting animal health and leading to economic losses. To study the role of the inflammatory response on epithelial barrier integrity, co-culture systems that mimic in vivo complexity are more and more preferred over cell monocultures. In this study, an in vitro gut co-culture model consisting of intestinal porcine epithelial cells and porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells was established. The model provides an appropriate tool to study the role of the inflammatory response on epithelial barrier integrity and to screen for feed and food components, exerting beneficial effects on gut health. In the established model, inflammation-like reactions and damage of the epithelial barrier, indicated by a decrease of transepithelial electrical resistance, were elicited by activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells via one of 3 stimuli: lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, or concanavalin A. Two phytogenic substances that are commonly used as feed additives, licorice extract and oregano oil, have been shown to counteract the drop in transepithelial electrical resistance values in the gut co-culture model. The established co-culture model provides a powerful in vitro tool to study the role of intestinal inflammation on epithelial barrier integrity. As it consists of porcine epithelial and porcine blood cells it perfectly mimics in vivo conditions and imitates the inter-organ communication of the piglet gut. The developed model is useful to screen for nutritional components or drugs, having the potential to balance intestinal inflammation and strengthen the epithelial barrier integrity in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jürgen König
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Bismarck D, Becker J, Müller E, Becher V, Nau L, Mayer P. Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils against Bovine Respiratory Pathogens - Focusing on Pasteurella multocida. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:274-281. [PMID: 35180782 PMCID: PMC8967432 DOI: 10.1055/a-1726-9291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Administration of essential oils as natural plant products with antimicrobial activity might be an alternative to antibiotic treatment of bovine respiratory disease. The aim of this study was to analyse the in vitro antimicrobial activity of 11 essential oils against Pasteurella multocida isolated from the respiratory tract of calves using microdilution with determination of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration as well as agar disc diffusion. Additionally, antimicrobial activity against Mannheimia haemolytica and bacteria in the Mannheimia clade was assessed by agar disc diffusion. Seven essential oil mixtures were also tested against all bacterial isolates. P. multocida was strongly inhibited by cinnamon cassia and lemongrass oil followed by coriander, winter savory, thyme, clove, and peppermint oil in the microdilution assays. Eucalyptus, wintergreen, spruce, and star anise oil showed lower activity. Comparison of both methods revealed an underestimation of cinnamon cassia oil activity by agar disc diffusion and conflicting results for wintergreen oil in microdilution, which precipitated in broth. Cinnamon cassia, thyme, wintergreen, lemongrass, and winter savory oil all showed strong antimicrobial activity against M. haemolytica. Bacteria in the Mannheimia clade were mostly inhibited by cinnamon cassia and thyme oil. Pasteurella isolates were more susceptible to inhibition by essential oils than Mannheimia isolates. Essential oil mixtures did not show stronger antibacterial activity than single essential oils. In conclusion, cinnamon cassia and lemongrass as well as coriander, winter savory, and thyme oil are promising candidates for treatment of P. multocida-associated bovine respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Becker
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lisa Nau
- SaluVet GmbH, Bad Waldsee, Germany
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21
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Farinacci P, Mevissen M, Ayrle H, Maurer V, Sørensen Dalgaard T, Melzig MF, Walkenhorst M. Medicinal Plants for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Common Infectious Diseases In Poultry-A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:200-217. [PMID: 34359086 DOI: 10.1055/a-1543-5502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants for prophylaxis and therapy of common infectious diseases in poultry have been studied for several years. The goal of this review was to systematically identify plant species and evaluate their potential in prophylaxis and therapy of common diseases in poultry caused by bacteria and gastrointestinal protozoa. The procedure followed the recommendations of the PRISMA statement and the AMSTAR measurement tool. The PICOS scheme was used to design the research questions. Two databases were consulted, and publications were manually selected, according to predefined in- and exclusion criteria. A scoring system was established to evaluate the remaining publications. Initially, 4197 identified publications were found, and 77 publications remained after manual sorting, including 38 publications with 70 experiments on bacterial infections and 39 publications with 78 experiments on gastrointestinal protozoa. In total, 83 plant species from 42 families were identified. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were the most frequently found families with Artemisia annua being the most frequently found plant, followed by Origanum vulgare. As compared to placebo and positive or negative control groups, antimicrobial effects were found in 46 experiments, prebiotic effects in 19 experiments, and antiprotozoal effects in 47 experiments. In summary, a total of 274 positive effects predominated over 241 zero effects and 37 negative effects. Data indicate that O. vulgare, Coriandrum sativum, A. annua, and Bidens pilosa are promising plant species for prophylaxis and therapy of bacterial and protozoal diseases in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Farinacci
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Ayrle
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Maurer
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
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22
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Liu C, Pan J, Liu H, Lin R, Chen Y, Zhang C. Daphnetin inhibits the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:952-960. [PMID: 35132666 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has demonstrated that Daphnetin has antiangiogenesis activity, indicating it might be a new multi-targeted medication for cancer therapy. Here, we aimed to reveal Daphnetin role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and the underlying mechanism. Huh7 and SK-HEP-1, two human HCC cell lines were used in this study. MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), colony formation, flow cytometry, and tumor-bearing experiments were applied to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of Daphnetin on cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, and in vivo tumor formation, respectively. Real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)and western blotting were applied to measure the mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin. We observed that Daphnetin inhibited cell viability and tumorigenesis, promoted cell apoptosis, and induced a G1 phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner in both Huh7 and SK-HEP-1 cells, which were rescued by SKL2001, an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Taken together, this study reveals that Daphnetin exerts an antitumor role in HCC through the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The 910th Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The 910th Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The 910th Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Rongkai Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The 910th Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The 910th Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chenghua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The 910th Hospital, Quanzhou, China
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23
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The protective effect of licochalcone A against inflammation injury of primary dairy cow claw dermal cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1593. [PMID: 35102233 PMCID: PMC8803976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminitis is one of the most important and intractable diseases in dairy cows, which can lead to enormous economic losses. Although many scholars have conducted a large number of studies on laminitis, the therapeutic test of medicinal plants in vitro is really rare. Licochalcone A is proved to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. But the effect of licochalcone A on LPS-induced inflammatory claw dermal cells has not been discovered yet. In this study, the primary dairy cow claw dermal cells were treated with gradient concentrations of licochalcone A (1, 5, 10 µg/mL) in the presence of 10 µg/mL lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The results indicated that licochalcone A reduced the concentrations of inflammation mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), increased the activity of SOD, reduced the levels of MDA and ROS, downregulated the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and MyD88, suppressed the protein levels of p-IκBα and p-p65, and upregulated the protein expression of PPARγ. In summary, licochalcone A protected dairy cow claw dermal cells against LPS-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress through the regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and PPARγ signaling pathways.
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24
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In vitro screening for potential probiotic properties of Ligilactobacillus salivarius isolated from cattle calves. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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25
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de Aguiar FC, Solarte AL, Gómez-Gascón L, Galán-Relaño A, Luque I, Tarradas C, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ, Huerta B. Antimicrobial susceptibility of cinnamon and red and common thyme essential oils and their main constituent compounds against Streptococcus suis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:63-72. [PMID: 34623693 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen causing different diseases, in both humans and pigs. Generally, the control of this pathogen is based on antimicrobial therapy, but the development of bacterial resistance has led one to look for new options. In this sense, the essential oils (EOs) constitute a promising alternative. The activity of cinnamon, common thyme and red thyme EOs and their main active compounds (cinnamaldehyde and thymol) against S. suis isolates from pigs (n = 50) and humans (n = 6) was determined by the broth microdilution method. MIC50-90, MBC50-90 and the bactericidal index (BI) (minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)) were calculated. Also, the time-kill curve of each product against the S. suis P1/7 European reference strain was determined. No differences in the MIC or MBC values were observed between all the tested products, which suggest a homogeneous behaviour of S. suis, independently of their origin, organ of isolation or resistance profile. All the products showed a concentration-dependent and time-dependent killing activity and achieved the virtual eradication of S. suis at supra-inhibitory concentrations within the first 5 min of exposure, except cinnamaldehyde that showed only bacteriostatic effect. It suggests that these products could be utilized as antimicrobials in veterinary medicine for the control of this zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C de Aguiar
- Animal Health Department, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - A L Solarte
- Medicine Faculty, University Cooperative of Colombia, Pasto, Colombia
| | - L Gómez-Gascón
- Animal Health Department, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - A Galán-Relaño
- Animal Health Department, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - I Luque
- Animal Health Department, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Tarradas
- Animal Health Department, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M J Rodríguez-Ortega
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - B Huerta
- Animal Health Department, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
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26
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Groot MJ, Berendsen BJA, Cleton NB. The Next Step to Further Decrease Veterinary Antibiotic Applications: Phytogenic Alternatives and Effective Monitoring; the Dutch Approach. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:709750. [PMID: 34540934 PMCID: PMC8446536 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.709750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are used to control infectious diseases in both animals and humans. They can be life-saving compounds but excessive use in animal husbandry leads to the development of antibiotic resistance which can impact the public health. Since similar antibiotics are used in both animal and human healthcare, it is important to reduce the use of antibiotics in production animals. In the Netherlands policies have been developed aiming for a decrease of antibiotic usage in animals, and alternatives to antibiotics are investigated. Currently, a one-on-one relationship between farmer and veterinarian is successfully implemented and (national) registration of antibiotic usage is mandatory. Unfortunately, after a 70% decrease in antibiotic usage since 2009, this decrease is now stagnating in most sectors. Innovative strategies are required to facilitate a further reduction. One promising option is a focus on farm management and natural alternatives to antibiotics. The Dutch government has invested in the spread of knowledge of natural remedies and good animal management to support animal health via so called Barnbooks for farmers and veterinarians. Another option is the analysis of on-farm antibiotic use to prevent unregistered applications. New (bio)analytical strategies to monitor the correct and complete registration of antibiotic usage have been developed and trial-tested in the Netherlands. Such strategies support a risk-based monitoring and allow effective selection of high-risk (high antibiotic use or illegal antibiotic) users. Both effective monitoring and the availability and knowledge of alternatives is a prerequisite to achieve a further significant decrease in antibiotic veterinary usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Groot
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bjorn J A Berendsen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Natalie B Cleton
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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27
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Tian M, Li K, Liu R, Du J, Zou D, Ma Y. Angelica polysaccharide attenuates LPS-induced inflammation response of primary dairy cow claw dermal cells via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:248. [PMID: 34281532 PMCID: PMC8287747 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laminitis, an inflammation of the claw laminae, is one of the major causes of bovine lameness, which can lead to enormous economic losses and animal welfare problems in dairy farms. Angelica polysaccharide (AP) is proved to possess anti-inflammatory properties. But the role of AP on inflammatory response of the claw dermal cells has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of AP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary claw dermal cells of dairy cow and clarify the potential mechanisms. In the current research, the primary claw dermal cells were exposed to gradient concentrations of AP (10, 50, 100 µg/mL) in the presence of 10 µg/mL LPS. The levels of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) were detected with ELISA and Griess colorimetric method. The mRNA expressions of TLR4, MyD88 and chemokines were measured with qPCR. The activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways was detected with western blotting. Results The results indicated that AP reduced the production of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NO), downregulated the mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88 and some pro-inflammatory chemokines (CCL2, CCL20, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10), and suppressed the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways evidenced by inhibition of the phosphorylation of IκBα, p65 and ERK, JNK, p38. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that AP may exert its anti-inflammatory effects on claw dermal cells of dairy cow by regulating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02952-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmin Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, 030801, Taigu, China
| | - Yuzhong Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China.
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28
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Stanossek I, Wehrend A. [Naturopathy and complementary medicine in small animal science - definitions and contents]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:206-210. [PMID: 34157762 DOI: 10.1055/a-1480-5642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Naturopathic and complementary procedures attain increasing popularity in veterinary medicine. A common understanding of definitions and contents of these fields is crucial for communication between pet owners and veterinarians. This paper reviews the existing definitions and the various contents of naturopathy and complementary veterinary medicine as well as their assigned treatment options. Naturopathy includes phytotherapy, hydro-therapy, thermotherapy, electrotherapy, manual therapy/chiropractic/osteopathy, and dietetic treatment. Homeopathy, homotoxicology, Traditional Chinese Medicine including acu-puncture and Chinese herbal medicine, neural therapy, organotherapy and Bach flower remedies are known as complementary treatments. The level of evidence based on scientific literature and the opportunity for certification procedures differ between treatment modalities. In the area of small animal medicine, the most extensive body of literature is available on the subject of acupuncture, in part comprising high evidence levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Stanossek
- Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere mit Tierärztlicher Ambulanz, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
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29
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Ayrle H, Mevissen M, Bruckmaier RM, Wellnitz O, Kaske M, Bieber A, Vögtlin A, Fricker R, Walkenhorst M. Effects of an oral hydro-ethanolic purple coneflower extract on performance, clinical health and immune parameters in calves. Res Vet Sci 2021; 138:148-160. [PMID: 34144282 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded field trial was to investigate the effects of oral administration of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. (EP)) on performance, health and immune parameters in calves. Calves (n = 27) were enrolled to three groups (9 calves per group): 0.5 g EP/calf per day (ECL), 5 g EP/calf per day (ECH) or placebo. Calves were vaccinated with Bluetongue-Virus (BTV) serotype 4 vaccine to investigate EPs effects on seroconversion. Clinical and performance parameters, inter alia body weight, health and milk intake were recorded for 57 days. Blood samples were analyzed for BTV antibodies and IgG by ELISA, white and red blood cell counts by flow cytometry and mRNA abundance of various inflammatory markers in leukocytes (IL-1β, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) and prostaglandin E synthase) was studied. The findings demonstrated no differences between groups regarding performance parameters. In all groups, calves suffered from diarrhea for a minimum of 2 days, but EP reduced the number of diarrhea days by 44% in ECL and increased the body temperature. Interestingly, ECL resulted in an increased number of respiratory disease days during the follow-up period. EP did not change blood cell and IgG counts, whereas eosinophil granulocytes were reduced in ECL. Decreased levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit were found in ECH. Prostaglandin E synthase levels in leukocytes were higher in ECL and ECH, whereas no differences were obtained for IL-1β, IL-8, TNFα and Cox-2. Due to the unexpected occurrence of BTV seropositive calves before the first vaccination, 13 calves were excluded from the evaluation on seroconversion and no statistical analyses could be performed regarding antibody production. BTV-4 antibodies were not produced in 4 placebo-calves, whereas 4 of 5 and 1 of 6 ECL- and ECH-calves produced antibodies. Further investigations are needed to draw final conclusions on mode of action and efficacy of EP in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ayrle
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, Frick 5070, Switzerland; Division Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Rupert M Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Olga Wellnitz
- Veterinary Physiology, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Kaske
- Swiss Calf Health Service, Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Bieber
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, Frick 5070, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Vögtlin
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern & Mittelhäusern, Switzerland and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Raffael Fricker
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern & Mittelhäusern, Switzerland and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, Frick 5070, Switzerland.
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30
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Wisener LV, Sargeant JM, O'Sullivan TL, O'Connor AM, McEwen SA, Reist M, Churchill KJ. Non-antibiotic Approaches for Disease Prevention and Control in Nursery Pigs: A Scoping Review. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:620347. [PMID: 33969029 PMCID: PMC8097137 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.620347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine producers are encouraged to practice antibiotic stewardship by reducing their use of antibiotics belonging to classes of medical importance to humans. We conducted a scoping review of non-antibiotic approaches in the form of products or management practices that might prevent or control disease and thus reduce the need for antibiotics in nursery pigs. Our objectives were to systematically describe the research on this broad topic for the North American context, identify specific topics that could feasibly support systematic reviews, and identify knowledge gaps. A search of multiple databases identified 11,316 articles and proceedings for relevance screening. From these, 441 eligible clinical trials and observational studies were charted. The majority were clinical trials (94%). Study results from EU countries were mostly communicated through journal articles, whereas study results from the USA were mostly communicated through conference proceedings. Interventions and health outcomes were diverse. The two most frequent intervention categories were feed additives and piglet vaccines. The three most frequent outcomes reported were diarrhea, mortality, and indices of vaccine immunity. There were 13 specific topics comprising various feed additives and vaccines that might feasibly support systematic reviews. There were relatively few studies in which interventions were compared with antibiotic comparison groups and relatively few studies evaluating management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee V Wisener
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jan M Sargeant
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Terri L O'Sullivan
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Annette M O'Connor
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Scott A McEwen
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Reist
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Katheryn J Churchill
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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31
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Maldonado-Cabrera B, Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Cervantes J, Osuna-Chávez RF, Escárcega-Galaz AA, Robles-Zepeda RE, Sanches-Silva A. Therapeutic effects of chitosan in veterinary dermatology: A systematic review of the literature. Prev Vet Med 2021; 190:105325. [PMID: 33744675 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide with biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, antimicrobial, and hemostatic properties. This biopolymer has been used in different pharmaceutical forms; therefore, it has an attractive potential for dermal applications in veterinary medicine. The aim of this review is to assess the healing potential of chitosan, based on its dermatological effects on animals, to enrich the therapeutic options of veterinary clinicians. A systematic review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) strategy, retrieving 1,032 studies and selecting 39 after the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The studies included reports with confirmed positive effects (n = 46/99, 46.5 %) (P < 0.05), with positive effects (n = 49.5/99, 49.5 %), and with no effect (n = 4/99, 4 %); none of the studies reported adverse effects. There is an association between frequency of application and a decrease in healing time (P = 0.038); applying chitosan "every 48-72 hours" was the most recommended frequency (n = 10/19, 52.9 %). Chitosan, when applied to skin lesions on animals, produces positive effects on healing, potentially becoming a safe biomaterial for skin treatments in veterinary practice. As an initial protocol, we suggest applying chitosan every 48-72 hours for at least 2 weeks (7 applications).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Sanches-Silva
- National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vila do Conde, Portugal; Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
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Alam MA, Quamri MA, Ayman U, Sofi G, Renuka BN. Understanding Humma-e-Wabai (epidemic fever) and Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic disease) in the light of Unani medicine. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:469-476. [PMID: 33544515 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of Humma-e-Wabai were described several years ago in the Unani System of Medicine close to the clinical manifestation associated with epidemic or pandemic situations. In the Unani System of Medicine, Humma-e-Wabai described under the legend of epidemic disease (Amraz-e-Wabai). Amraz-e-Wabai is an umbrella term which is applied for all types of epidemic or pandemic situation. Renowned Unani Scientists like; Zakariya Rhazi (865-925 AD), Ali Ibn Abbas Majusi (930-994 AD), Ibn Sina (980-1037 AD), Ismail Jorjani (1,042-1,137 AD), Ibn Rushd etc., explained that Humma-e-Waba is an extremely rigorous, lethal fever, that is caused due to morbid air (fasid hawa) and it frequently spreads among the larger population in the society. There are four etiological factors responsible for Amraz-e-Wabai viz; change in the quality of air, water, earth, and celestial bodies, which was described by Ibn Sina in Canon of Medicine. He also advised that movements should be limited during epidemic situations. Shelters should be fumigated with loban (Styrax benzoin W. G. Craib ex Hartwich.), Kafoor (Cinnamomum camphora L.), Oodkham (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Hing (Ferula foetida L.), myrtle (Myrtus communis L.), and sandalwood (Santalum album L.), etc. The use of vinegar (sirka) and rose water (arque gulab) has been advocated to prevent the infection by spray. Avoid consumption of flesh, oil, milk, sweets, alcohol. Food prepared with vinegar. Specific antidotes (e.g. Tiryaq-e-Wabai, Tiryaq-e-Farooque), should be used as prophylaxis. This review attempts to explain the concept, prevention, and management of epidemic or pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anzar Alam
- Department of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Umme Ayman
- Department of Regimenal Therapy, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ghulamuddin Sofi
- Department of Ilmul Advia, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
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Composition, antioxidant capacity, intestinal, and immunobiological effects of oregano (Lippia palmeri Watts) in goats: preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:101. [PMID: 33417070 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated Lippia palmeri Watt (oregano) phytochemical compounds, their antioxidant capacity, and immunological effects on goat peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), and on the presence of intermediate polar compounds in goat feces fed dietary oregano. The polar and nonpolar fractions of L. palmeri W. were characterized and phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity were determined. Twelve healthy Anglo-Nubian goats were used for the in vivo trials, which were randomly assigned to control fed with basal diet, or oregano group fed with basal diet + 2.6% (DM basis) dried oregano leaves. Goat peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were isolated for the in vitro study, and PBL were stimulated with oregano extracts at 100 and 150 μg/mL after 24 h. For the in vivo trial, dietary oregano (2.6% on DM basis) was evaluated in the goats for 90 days. Relatively high abundance of carvacrol and thymol phytochemical compounds was found in oregano. The highest antioxidant capacity of oregano extracts was detected at 100 and 150 μg/mL. Nitric oxide production, phagocytosis, and superoxide dismutase activities increased (p < 0.05) in stimulated PBL with oregano extracts, whereas the pro-inflammatory (TNF-α and IL-1β) transcription and antioxidant (CAT and GPX-4) genes downregulated. In the in vivo experiment, dietary oregano enabled the detection of nine compounds found in goat feces, from which caproic (C6) was in a high relative quantity compared with the control group. Oregano has phytochemical compounds with strong antioxidant capacity that protect cells against oxidative stress damage and could modulate immune response and feces composition in goats.
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Hubbuch A, Peter R, Willi B, Hartnack S, Müntener C, Naegeli H, Gerspach C. Comparison of antimicrobial prescription patterns in calves in Switzerland before and after the launch of online guidelines for prudent antimicrobial use. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:2. [PMID: 33402182 PMCID: PMC7786965 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing threat of bacterial resistance promotes the need for antibiotic stewardship programs to foster responsible antimicrobial use. Therefore, guidelines for prudent use supported by an online stewardship tool (AntibioticScout.ch) were introduced in Switzerland in December 2016. They recommend (with decreasing preference) a first, second or third line antimicrobial for treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial prescriptions for Swiss calves before (2016) and after (2018) the launch of these guidelines. Cases of calves with pneumonia, diarrhea and otitis from a university hospital and eight private practices in Switzerland were included. Data on anamnesis, clinical findings, diagnostic work-up and treatment were collected. Type and percentages [95% confidence interval] of antimicrobial prescriptions were compared between 2016 and 2018. RESULTS Of the total number of calves, 88.2% [85.4-90.6] in 2016 (n = 625) and 88.4% [85.7-90.7] in 2018 (n = 655) were treated with antibiotics. The use of highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIAs) decreased from 52.7% [48.6-56.9] in 2016 to 38.0% [34.2-41.9] in 2018; this decrease was found at the university hospital and in private practice and in cases with pneumonia and diarrhea. Particularly the use of fluoroquinolones decreased (2016: 43.1% [39.2-47.2]; 2018: 31.1% [27.6-34.8]). Overall, the number of first line treatments increased from 12.8% [10.4-15.6] in 2016 to 20.2% [17.3-23.4] in 2018. In cases of pneumonia, first line treatments increased (2016: 15.3% [11.6-19.9]; 2018: 26.5% [21.8-31.9]) and third line treatments decreased (2016: 43.5% [38.0-49.3]; 2018: 27.9% [23.1-33.3]); this was seen at the university hospital, whereas in private practice only a decrease of third line treatments was observed. In cases of diarrhea, more second line at the expense of unlisted antimicrobials were prescribed at the university hospital in 2018. Antimicrobial treatment of calves with otitis did not change from 2016 to 2018. CONCLUSIONS After the introduction of AntibioticScout.ch, more prudent use was observed in the treatment of calves with pneumonia and diarrhea as less HPCIAs, particularly fluoroquinolones, and more first line antimicrobials were prescribed. However, the overall frequency of antimicrobial treatment did not change and the use of HPCIAs was still common in 2018, especially in private practices. Therefore, further antimicrobial stewardship activities are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Hubbuch
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Peter
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Willi
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Müntener
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanspeter Naegeli
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gerspach
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Singh A, Kumar S, Vinay V, Tyagi B, Choudhury PK, Rashmi H, Banakar P, Tyagi N, Tyagi AK. Autochthonous Lactobacillus spp. isolated from Murrah buffalo calves show potential application as probiotic. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Durrer M, Mevissen M, Holinger M, Hamburger M, Graf-Schiller S, Mayer P, Potterat O, Bruckmaier R, Walkenhorst M. Effects of a Multicomponent Herbal Extract on the Course of Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cows - a Blinded Placebo-controlled Field-study. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:1375-1388. [PMID: 33003231 DOI: 10.1055/a-1260-3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A blinded placebo-controlled multi-center on-farm trial was conducted in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis to investigate effects of a multicomponent herbal extract. Blood ketone levels were measured weekly in early lactating cows from 16 Swiss herds. Cows were subclassified based on their initial blood-β-hydroxybutyrate levels (≥ 1.0 [KET-low, 84 cows] and > 1.2 mmol/L [KET-high, 39 cows]) and randomly distributed to 3 groups treated orally with herbal extract containing Camellia sinensis, Cichcorium intybus, Gentiana lutea, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Taraxacum officinale, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Zingiber officinale, sodium propionate, or placebo twice a day for 5 days. Milk yield, milk acetone, blood-β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were analyzed over 2 wk. Linear mixed effect models were used for data analysis. No effects were found for nonesterifed fatty acids, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and glucose. Significantly higher glutamate dehydrogenase (29.71 U/L) values were found in herbal extract-treated animals compared to sodium propionate on day 7 (22.33 U/L). By trend, higher blood-β-hydroxybutyrate levels (1.36 mmol/L) were found in the placebo group of KET-high-cows on day 14 compared to the sodium propionate group (0.91 mmol/L). Milk yields of all treatment groups increased. Milking time and treatment showed a significant interaction for milk acetone: sodium propionate led to an immediate decrease, whereas herbal extracts resulted in a milk acetone decrease from day 7 on, reaching significantly lower milk acetone on day 14 (3.17 mg/L) when compared to placebo (4.89 mg/L). In conclusion, herbal extracts and sodium propionate are both likely to improve subclinical ketosis in dairy cows, however, by different modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Durrer
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Holinger
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Olivier Potterat
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rupert Bruckmaier
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
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Fatima S, Haider N, Alam MA, Gani MA, Ahmad R. Herbal approach for the management of C0VID-19: an overview. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 0:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmdi-2020-0150/dmdi-2020-0150.xml. [PMID: 33128525 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is the most recently discovered coronavirus infectious disease and leads to pandemic all over the world. The clinical continuum of COVID-19 varies from mild illness with non-specific signs and symptoms of acute respiratory disease to extreme respiratory pneumonia and septic shock. It can transmit from animal to human in the form of touch, through the air, water, utensils, fomite and feco-oral route blood. The pathogenesis and clinical features of COVID-19 be the same as the clinical manifestation associated epidemic Fever. In Unani medicine, various herbal drugs are described under the caption of epidemic disease. Great Unani scholar also Avicenna (980-1037 AD) recommended that during epidemic condition movement should be restricted, self-isolation, fumigation around the habitant with perfumed herbs (Ood, Kafoor, Sumbuluttib, Saad Kofi, Loban, etc.), and use of appropriate antidotes (Tiryaqe Wabai) and vinegar (Sirka) as prophylaxis. Herbal approach is based on single (Unnab-Ziziphus jujuba, Sapistan-Cordia myxa, Bahidana-Cydonia oblonga, Khatmi-Althea officinalis, Khubazi-Malva sylvestris, Zafran-Crocus sativus, Sibr-Aloe barbedensis, Murmuki-Commiphora myrrha, Darchini-Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Qaranfal-Syzygium aromaticum, Rihan-Oscimum sanctum, Habtus Sauda-Nigella sativa, Aslus Sus-Glycyrrhiza glabra, Maghze Amaltas-Cassia fistula and Adusa-Adhatoda vasica) and compound drugs (Habbe Bukhar, Sharbat Khaksi, Sharbat Zanjabeel, Naqu Nazla, Majoon Chobchini, Jawrish Jalinus and Khamira Marvareed) most of them are claimed for anti-viral, anti-pyretic, blood purifier, cardioprotective and expectorant activities. Traditionally most of the herbal practitioners are using it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Fatima
- Department of Unani Pharmacy, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Nafis Haider
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Anzar Alam
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohd Abdul Gani
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Rafeeque Ahmad
- The New York School of Medical and Dental Assistants, Long Island City, NY, USA
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Zeng F, Zhao C, Wu X, Dong R, Li G, Zhu Q, Zheng E, Liu D, Yang J, Moisyadi S, Urschitz J, Li Z, Wu Z. Bacteria-induced expression of the pig-derived protegrin-1 transgene specifically in the respiratory tract of mice enhances resistance to airway bacterial infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16020. [PMID: 32994542 PMCID: PMC7524760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
About 70% of all antibiotics produced in the world are used in the farm animal industry. The massive usage of antibiotics during farm animal production has caused rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, which poses a serious risk to human and livestock health when treating bacterial infections. Protegrin-1 (PG-1) is a potent antimicrobial peptide (AMP). It was initially identified in pig leukocytes with a broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral activity, and a low rate of inducing bacterial resistance. To develop a genetic approach for reducing the use of antibiotics in farm animal production, we produced transgenic mice carrying a bovine tracheal AMP gene promoter-controlled PG-1 transgene. The PG-1 transgene was specifically expressed in the respiratory tract of transgenic mice upon induction by bacterial infection. These PG-1 transgenic mice exhibited enhanced resistance to nasal bacterial infection as the transgenic mice showed a higher survival rate (79.17% VS. 34.78%), lower bacterial load and milder histological severity than their wild-type control littermates. The improved resistance to bacterial infection in the PG-1 transgenic mice could be resulted from the direct bacteria-killing activities of PG-1, and the immunomodulatory effects of PG-1 via stimulating interleukin 1 beta secretion. The present study provides a promising genetic strategy to prevent airway bacterial infections in farm animals by bacteria-inducible tissue-specific expression of PG-1 transgene. This approach may also be helpful for decreasing the possibility of inducing bacterial resistance during farm animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zeng
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rui Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guoling Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingchun Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Enqin Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jinzeng Yang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Stefan Moisyadi
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Johann Urschitz
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Alam MA, Quamri MA, Sofi G, Ayman U, Ansari S, Ahad M. Understanding COVID-19 in the light of epidemic disease described in Unani medicine. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 35:dmpt-2020-0136. [PMID: 34704695 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Unani system of medicine is based on the humoral theory postulated by Hippocrates, according to him the state of body health and disease are regulated by qualitative and quantitative equilibrium of four humours. Amraz-e-Waba is an umbrella term which is used in Unani medicine for all types of epidemics (smallpox, measles, plague, Hameer Saifi, influenza, Nipaha, Ebola, Zika, and 2019 novel coronavirus, etc.) mostly fatal in nature. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory infection, and the pathogenesis and clinical features resemble with those of Nazla-e-Wabaiya (influenza) and Zatul Riya (pneumonia) which were well described many years ago in Unani text such as high-grade fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, running nose, dry cough, respiratory distress, alternate and small pulse, asthenia, foul smell from breath, insomnia, frothy stool, syncope, coldness in both upper and lower extremities, etc. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a global emergency pandemic. Unani scholars like Hippocrates (370-460 BC), Galen (130-200 AD), Rhazes (865-925 AD), and Avicenna (980-1037 AD) had described four etiological factors for Amraz-e-Waba viz., change in quality of air, water, Earth, and celestial bodies, accordingly mentioned various preventive measures to be adopted during epidemics such as restriction of movement, isolation or "quarantena", and fumigation with loban (Styrax benzoin W. G. Craib ex Hartwich.), sandalwood (Santalum album L.), Zafran (Crocus sativus L.), myrtle (Myrtus communis L.), and roses (Rosa damascena Mill.) and use of vinegar (sirka) and antidotes (Tiryaq) as prophylaxis, and avoiding consumption of milk, oil, sweet, meat, and alcohol. This review focuses and elaborates on the concept, prevention, and probable management of COVID-19 in the light of Amraz-e-Waba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anzar Alam
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohd Aleemuddin Quamri
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ghulamuddin Sofi
- Department of IlmulAdvia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Umme Ayman
- Department of Regimenal Therapy, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Shabnam Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mariyam Ahad
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
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Alam MA, Quamri MA, Sofi G, Ayman U, Ansari S, Ahad M. Understanding COVID-19 in the light of epidemic disease described in Unani medicine. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 0:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmdi-2020-0136/dmdi-2020-0136.xml. [PMID: 32966232 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Unani system of medicine is based on the humoral theory postulated by Hippocrates, according to him the state of body health and disease are regulated by qualitative and quantitative equilibrium of four humours. Amraz-e-Waba is an umbrella term which is used in Unani medicine for all types of epidemics (smallpox, measles, plague, Hameer Saifi, influenza, Nipaha, Ebola, Zika, and 2019 novel coronavirus, etc.) mostly fatal in nature. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory infection, and the pathogenesis and clinical features resemble with those of Nazla-e-Wabaiya (influenza) and Zatul Riya (pneumonia) which were well described many years ago in Unani text such as high-grade fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, running nose, dry cough, respiratory distress, alternate and small pulse, asthenia, foul smell from breath, insomnia, frothy stool, syncope, coldness in both upper and lower extremities, etc. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a global emergency pandemic. Unani scholars like Hippocrates (370-460 BC), Galen (130-200 AD), Rhazes (865-925 AD), and Avicenna (980-1037 AD) had described four etiological factors for Amraz-e-Waba viz., change in quality of air, water, Earth, and celestial bodies, accordingly mentioned various preventive measures to be adopted during epidemics such as restriction of movement, isolation or "quarantena", and fumigation with loban (Styrax benzoin W. G. Craib ex Hartwich.), sandalwood (Santalum album L.), Zafran (Crocus sativus L.), myrtle (Myrtus communis L.), and roses (Rosa damascena Mill.) and use of vinegar (sirka) and antidotes (Tiryaq) as prophylaxis, and avoiding consumption of milk, oil, sweet, meat, and alcohol. This review focuses and elaborates on the concept, prevention, and probable management of COVID-19 in the light of Amraz-e-Waba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anzar Alam
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohd Aleemuddin Quamri
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ghulamuddin Sofi
- Department of IlmulAdvia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Umme Ayman
- Department of Regimenal Therapy, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Shabnam Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mariyam Ahad
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
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Bottoni M, Milani F, Colombo L, Nallio K, Colombo PS, Giuliani C, Bruschi P, Fico G. Using Medicinal Plants in Valmalenco (Italian Alps): From Tradition to Scientific Approaches. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184144. [PMID: 32927742 PMCID: PMC7570945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Caspoggio (Valmalenco, SO, Italy) with the purpose of investigating the traditional uses of medicinal plants. Moreover, a bibliographic research meant to validate or refute the uses, focusing on the potentially responsible compounds, was performed. Fifty-nine species, attributable to 30 families (Asteraceae, Pinaceae, Malvaceae, and Lamiaceae the most cited), were mentioned. Arnica montana, anti-inflammatory for traumas and musculoskeletal pains; Pinus mugo, expectorant; Malva sylvestris, anti-inflammatory and soothing; Achillea moschata, digestive. The compounds, responsible for the therapeutic activities, are often polyphenols and terpenoids: helenanin in A. montana, α-pinene, δ-3-carene, and limonene in P. mugo, gossypin and malvin in M. sylvestris, luteolin and apigenin in A. moschata. Scientific evidence for at least one of the traditional activities described was found for 50 species but only in 26 out of 196 works consulted, it is possible to make a comparison between investigated extracts and traditional preparations. This study is thus a stimulus to new phytochemical investigations, mimicking as much as possible the traditional preparations. This work is part of the European Interreg Italy-Switzerland B-ICE project, aimed at creating a management model for the ongoing climate change and searching for new sources of territory valorization as attractions for tourists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Milani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Kevin Nallio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Sira Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Piero Bruschi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Forestry Science and Technology, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
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Wang J, Sun Y, Li Z, Li W, Pang Y, Li J, Wu Q. Discrimination of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge from Different Geographical Locations Employing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Near-Infrared Fingerprinting Combined with Chemometrics. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:8367619. [PMID: 32104609 PMCID: PMC7035550 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8367619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC/UV-PAD), near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and chemometrics were used to discriminate nine components of samples from four different geographical locations. HPLC was performed with a C18 (5 μm, 4.6 mm × 250 mm) column and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile with a gradient elution system. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to identify the amounts of salvianolic acid B. NIR was used to distinguish rapidly S. miltiorrhiza Bunge samples from different geographical locations. In this assay, discriminant analysis was performed, and the accuracy was found to be 100%. The combination of these two methods can be used to quickly and accurately identify S. miltiorrhiza Bunge from different geographical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Yichun Sun
- Tong Ji Tang (Guizhou) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Tong Ji Tang (Guizhou) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550018, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pang
- Tong Ji Tang (Guizhou) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
- Guiyang No. 3 Experimental High School, Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, China
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Walkenhorst M, Leiber F, Maeschli A, Kapp AN, Spengler-Neff A, Faleschini MT, Garo E, Hamburger M, Potterat O, Mayer P, Graf-Schiller S, Bieber A. A multicomponent herbal feed additive improves somatic cell counts in dairy cows - a two stage, multicentre, placebo-controlled long-term on-farm trial. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:439-452. [PMID: 32020681 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to natural and historical diets of wild and domesticated ruminants, the diversity of plant species is limited in diets of modern dairy cows. Are "production diseases" linked to this? We conducted a trial to test the effects of a multicomponent herbal feed additive (HFA) on health, performance and fertility traits. A dose-finding study (DF) with 62 cows on 11 commercial farms compared a low (50 g) and a high (100 g) dose of HFA (HFA-50, HFA-100) with a placebo (PL). In a subsequent field trial (FT) with 280 cows on 30 commercial farms, HFA-100 was compared to PL. Cows were randomly assigned to HFA and PL groups and received HFA or PL individually daily from 14 days pre- to 300 days post-calving. Data were analysed with mixed effects models. No differences between HFA and PL were found regarding performance, body condition score and overall culling rates. A tendency towards lower milk urea for HFA-100 compared to PL (p = .06) was found in DF. HFA significantly reduced elevated milk acetone observations (≥10 mg/L) in the first 10 lactation weeks (HFA-100: 4%; HFA-50: 4%; PL: 12%) in DF. HFA-50 significantly reduced lameness incidence (HFA-100: 11%; HFA-50: 2%; PL: 14%) in DF. Calving intervals were 15 days shorter in HFA compared to PL in both trials, which could be confirmed by tendency (p = .07) in FT. In both trials, the proportion of test days with elevated somatic cell score (≥3.0) was significantly lower in HFA compared to PL (DF: HFA-100: 40%, HFA-50: 45% and PL: 55%; FT: HFA-100: 38% and PL: 55%) which is also reflected by tendency (p = .08) in lower culling rates due to udder diseases in FT. HFA showed no negative impact on any of the measured parameters. The effects of HFA indicate a potential of phytochemically rich and diverse feed additives for dairy cows' nutrition and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Sciences, FiBL, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Florian Leiber
- Department of Livestock Sciences, FiBL, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Ariane Maeschli
- Department of Livestock Sciences, FiBL, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra N Kapp
- Department of Livestock Sciences, FiBL, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Anet Spengler-Neff
- Department of Livestock Sciences, FiBL, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Maria Teresa Faleschini
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Garo
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Potterat
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Anna Bieber
- Department of Livestock Sciences, FiBL, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland
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Calzetta L, Pistocchini E, Leo A, Roncada P, Ritondo BL, Palma E, di Cave D, Britti D. Anthelminthic medicinal plants in veterinary ethnopharmacology: A network meta-analysis following the PRISMA-P and PROSPERO recommendations. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03256. [PMID: 32055724 PMCID: PMC7005420 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants may be effective against helminthic infestation in animals, but to date few studies have investigated the real impact of anthelminthic medicinal plants in veterinary ethnopharmacology. The aim of this study was to assess the geographical use of anthelminthic medicinal plants in livestock in European Union (EU), and to quantify the anthelminthic efficacy of medicinal plants in comparison with anthelminthic drugs. Surveys on the use of anthelminthic traditional medicinal plants in livestock in the EU were included in the qualitative synthesis. Studies that investigated the efficacy of anthelminthic traditional medicinal plants in animals, compared with negative control and/or anthelminthic drugs, were included in the quantitative synthesis (network meta-analysis). Twelve surveys (9 in Italy, 2 in Spain, 1 in Austria) reported the use of anthelminthic medicinal plants in livestock living in EU Countries. Data obtained from 256 animals and extracted from 6 studies were included in the network meta-analysis. Medicinal plants and drugs were more effective than negative control (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.60 95%CrI -0.88 to -0.31, -0.73 95%CrI -1.08 to -0.38, respectively, P < 0.001). Overall, no difference was detected between anthelminthic medicinal plants and anthelminthic drugs, namely albendazole, ivermectin, fenbendazole, and doramectin (SMD: 0.26 95%CrI -0.02 to 0.55, P > 0.05). The most effective anthelminthic medicinal plants were Artemisia absintihium, Allium sativum, and Duranta erecta. There is the strong medical need of performing adequately powered randomized controlled trials in different livestock species aimed to improve the quality of the current evidence concerning the anthelminthic efficacy of medicinal plants compared to that of the currently available antiparasitic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Unit of Laboratory Medicine, Veterinary Hospital Gregorio VII, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Pistocchini
- Unit of Laboratory Medicine, Veterinary Hospital Gregorio VII, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - David di Cave
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
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Mertenat D, Cero MD, Vogl CR, Ivemeyer S, Meier B, Maeschli A, Hamburger M, Walkenhorst M. Ethnoveterinary knowledge of farmers in bilingual regions of Switzerland - is there potential to extend veterinary options to reduce antimicrobial use? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112184. [PMID: 31465817 PMCID: PMC7185669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the pre-antibiotic era, a broad spectrum of medicinal plants was used to treat livestock. This knowledge was neglected in European veterinary medicine for decades but kept alive by farmers. Emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains requires a severely restricted use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine. We conducted a survey on the ethnoveterinary knowledge of farmers in the bilingual (French and German speaking) Western region of Switzerland, namely the cantons of Fribourg, Neuchâtel and Jura, and in the French speaking part of the canton of Bern. AIM OF THE STUDY To find out whether differences exist in plants used by farmers in French speaking and bilingual regions of Switzerland as compared to our earlier studies conducted in Switzerland. Additional focus was on plants that are used in diseases which commonly are treated with antimicrobials, on plants used in skin afflictions, and on plants used in animal species such as horses, for which the range of veterinary medicinal products is limited. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted in 2015 semistructured interviews with 62 dialog partners, mainly cattle keeping farmers but also 18 horse keeping farmers. Of these, 41 were native French (FNS) and 21 native German speakers (GNS). Detailed information about homemade herbal remedies (plant species, plant part, manufacturing process) and the corresponding use reports (target animal species, category of use, route of administration, dosage, source of knowledge, frequency of use, last time of use and farmers satisfaction) were collected. RESULTS A total of 345 homemade remedies were reported, of which 240 contained only one plant species (Homemade Single Species Herbal Remedy Reports; HSHR). A total of 289 use reports (UR) were mentioned for the 240 HSHR, and they comprised 77 plant species belonging to 41 botanical families. Of these, 35 plant species were solely reported from FNS, 20 from GNS, and 22 from both. Taking into account earlier ethnoveterinary studies conducted in Switzerland only 10 (FNS) and 6 (GNS) plant species connected with 7% of FNS and GNS UR respectively were "unique" to the respective language group. The majority of the UR (219) was for treatment of cattle, while 38 UR were intended to treat horses. The most UR were for treatment of gastrointestinal and skin diseases. The most frequently mentioned plants were Linum usitatissimum L., Coffea L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, and Quercus robur L. for gastrointestinal diseases, and Calendula officinalis L., Hypericum perforatum L. and Sanicula europaea L. for skin afflictions. CONCLUSION No clear differences were found between the medicinal plants used by French native speakers and German native speakers. Several of the reported plants seem to be justified to widen the spectrum of veterinary therapeutic options in gastrointestinal and dermatological disorders in cattle and horses, and to reduce, at least to a certain degree, the need for antibiotic treatments. Our findings may help to strengthen the role of medicinal plants in veterinary research and practice, and to consider them as a further measure in official strategies for lowering the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doréane Mertenat
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maja Dal Cero
- University of Zurich, Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christan R Vogl
- Division of Organic Farming, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Ivemeyer
- Farm Animal Behaviour and Husbandry Section, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Beat Meier
- Unit of Phytopharmacy and Natural Product Research, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Ariane Maeschli
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse 113, Postfach, CH-5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse 113, Postfach, CH-5070, Frick, Switzerland.
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Rodrigues RO, Cooke RF, Firmino FC, Moura MKR, Angeli BF, Ferreira HAO, Brandão AP, Gex-Fabry M, Ostrensky A, Vasconcelos JLM. Productive and physiological responses of lactating dairy cows supplemented with phytogenic feed ingredients. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 3:1133-1142. [PMID: 32704877 PMCID: PMC7200498 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment compared milk production, milk composition, and physiological responses in lactating dairy cows supplemented with or without a mixture of condensed tannins, encapsulated cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, capsaicin, and piperine. Thirty-six lactating, multiparous, pregnant ¾ Holstein × ¼ Gir cows were maintained in a single drylot pen with ad libitum access to water and a total-mixed ration and were milked twice daily (d -7 to 84). On d 0, cows were ranked by days in milk (86 ± 3 d), milk yield (27.8 ± 1.0 kg), body weight (BW; 584 ± 10 kg), and body condition score (BCS; 3.04 ± 0.06) and assigned to receive (SUPP; n = 18) or not (CON; n = 18) 30 g/cow daily (as-fed basis) of Actifor Pro (Delacon Biotechnik GmbH; Steyregg, Austria). From d 0 to 84, SUPP cows individually received (as-fed basis) 15 g of Actifor Pro mixed with 85 g of finely ground corn through self-locking headgates before each milking of the day. Each CON cow concurrently received 85 g (as-fed basis) of finely ground corn through self-locking headgates. Throughout the experimental period (d -7 to 84), cows from both treatments were administered 500 mg of sometribove zinc at 14-d intervals and were monitored daily for morbidity, including clinical mastitis. Individual milk production was recorded daily, whereas milk samples were collected weekly for analysis of milk composition. Cow BW, BCS, and blood samples were also collected weekly. Cows receiving SUPP gained more BCS (P = 0.05) and had greater (P = 0.04) milk yield during the experiment compared with CON cows (0.22 vs. 0.07 of BCS, SEM = 0.05; 29.5 vs. 27.9 kg/d, SEM = 0.5). Milk composition did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) between SUPP and CON cows; hence, SUPP cows also had greater (P ≤ 0.02) production of fat-corrected and energy-corrected milk. Incidence of clinical mastitis did not differ (P ≥ 0.49) between SUPP and CON cows. No treatment differences were also detected (P ≥ 0.21) for serum concentrations of glucose and serum urea N. Mean serum haptoglobin concentration during the experiment was greater (P = 0.05) in CON vs. SUPP cows. Cows receiving SUPP had less (P ≤ 0.04) serum cortisol concentrations on d 21 and 42, and greater (P ≤ 0.05) serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I on d 7, 35, and 63 compared with CON cows (treatment × day interactions; P ≤ 0.02). Collectively, supplementing phytogenic feed ingredients improved nutritional status and milk production of lactating ¾ Holstein × ¼ Gir cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo O Rodrigues
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Franciele C Firmino
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Mayara K R Moura
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Beatriz F Angeli
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Hingryd A O Ferreira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Alice P Brandão
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - A Ostrensky
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jose L M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Tresch M, Mevissen M, Ayrle H, Melzig M, Roosje P, Walkenhorst M. Medicinal plants as therapeutic options for topical treatment in canine dermatology? A systematic review. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:174. [PMID: 31133058 PMCID: PMC6537371 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medicinal plants have been used traditionally since centuries for wound care and treatment of skin diseases both in human and animals. Skin diseases are one of the most common reasons for owners to take their dog to the veterinarian. The demands for treatment and prophylaxis of these diseases are broad. A wide range of bacteria including antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be involved, making the treatment challenging and bear an anthropo-zoonotic potential. The aim of this review is to systematically evaluate based on recent scientific literature, the potential of four medicinal plants to enrich the therapeutic options in pyoderma, canine atopic dermatitis, otitis externa, wounds and dermatophytosis in dogs. Results Based on four books and a survey among veterinarians specialized in phytotherapy, four medicinal plants were chosen as the subject of this systematic review: Calendula officinalis L. (Marigold), Hypericum perforatum L. agg. (St. John’s Wort), Matricaria chamomilla L. (syn. Matricaria recutita L., Chamomile) and Salvia officinalis L. (Sage). According to the PRISMA statement through literature research on two online databases a total of 8295 publications was screened and narrowed down to a final 138 publications for which full-text documents were analyzed for its content resulting in a total of 145 references (21 clinical, 24 in vivo and 100 in vitro references). Conclusions All four plants were proven to have antibacterial and antifungal effects of a rather broad spectrum including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This makes them an interesting new option for the treatment of pyoderma, otitis externa, infected wounds and dermatophytosis. Marigold, St. John’s Wort and Chamomile showed wound-healing properties and are thus promising candidates in line to fill the therapeutic gap in canine wound-healing agents. St. John’s Wort and Chamomile also showed anti-inflammatory and other beneficial effects on healthy skin. Due to the wide range of beneficial effects of these medicinal plants, they should be taken into account for the treatment of dermatologic diseases in dogs at least in future clinical research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1854-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tresch
- Division Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Ayrle
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, Postbox 219, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Melzig
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Roosje
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, Postbox 219, 5070, Frick, Switzerland.
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Aguiar F, Solarte A, Tarradas C, Gómez‐Gascón L, Astorga R, Maldonado A, Huerta B. Combined effect of conventional antimicrobials with essential oils and their main components against resistant
Streptococcus suis
strains. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:562-572. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F.C. Aguiar
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal Universidad de Córdoba International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’ Córdoba Spain
| | - A.L. Solarte
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal Universidad de Córdoba International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’ Córdoba Spain
- Medicine Faculty University Cooperative of Colombia Pasto Colombia
| | - C. Tarradas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal Universidad de Córdoba International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’ Córdoba Spain
| | - L. Gómez‐Gascón
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal Universidad de Córdoba International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’ Córdoba Spain
| | - R. Astorga
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal Universidad de Córdoba International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’ Córdoba Spain
| | - A. Maldonado
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal Universidad de Córdoba International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’ Córdoba Spain
| | - B. Huerta
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal Universidad de Córdoba International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’ Córdoba Spain
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Stucki K, Cero MD, Vogl CR, Ivemeyer S, Meier B, Maeschli A, Hamburger M, Walkenhorst M. Ethnoveterinary contemporary knowledge of farmers in pre-alpine and alpine regions of the Swiss cantons of Bern and Lucerne compared to ancient and recent literature - Is there a tradition? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 234:225-244. [PMID: 30572090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The term "traditional" is well established in European (human) medicine and even appears in recent European regulations on herbal medicinal products connected to a simplified registration. In contrast, a scientific discussion of a Traditional European Veterinary Herbal Medicine is still lacking in spite of a rising interest, in herbal medicine for animals in particular of veterinarians. There is only limited systematic ethnoveterinary research in Europe, with exception of the Mediterranean region, Switzerland and Austria. We conducted a survey on the ethnoveterinary knowledge of farmers in the pre-alpine and alpine regions of the Swiss cantons of Bern and Lucerne. We compared the findings with earlier studies conducted in Switzerland and with recent and past human and veterinary medicinal literature. AIM OF THE STUDY We wanted to know to what extent (dependent to different definition of the term "traditional") the ethnoveterinary knowledge of Swiss farmers could be considered as "traditional" in a European veterinary medicinal context. MATERIAL AND METHODS Semistructured interviews with 44 dialog partners, mainly smallholder cattle farmers, were conducted in 2014. Detailed information about homemade herbal remedies (plant species, plant part, manufacturing process) and the corresponding use reports (target animal species, category of use, route of administration, dosage, source of knowledge, frequency of use, last time of use and farmers satisfaction) were collected. To compare our data with literature, one German book of veterinary pharmacology published in 1900, one typescript of Swiss lectures in veterinary pharmacology from 1944, four books of veterinary herbal medicine published between 1984 and 2016, and one recent publication comparing current Swiss (human) ethnomedicinal plant knowledge with modern and past literature were analyzed. RESULTS Information on a total of 315 homemade remedies containing one single plant species (homemade single species herbal remedy reports, HSHR) was collected from participating farmers. These HSHR were prepared from 83 plant species belonging to 46 botanical families. Plants of the families Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Rosaceae were most frequently used. Matricaria recutita L., Calendula officinalis L., Quercus robur L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Symphytum officinale L. were the most frequently documented species. A total of 404 use reports (UR) were gathered for the 315 HSHR. The largest number of UR was for treatments of gastrointestinal disorders and metabolic dysfunctions, followed by skin alterations and sores. For more than half of the UR the source of knowledge was family, ancestors and friends, and for approximately one quarter the information was from courses and other educational events. For nearly 90% of the UR farmers mentioned at least one use during the last 10 years, and in more than 50% of the UR the last use was within the past year. Compared with recent and past literature and depending on different definitions of the term "traditional" as used for human medicine, between 43% and 84% of all 83 and between 57% and 100% of the most often mentioned 21 plant species show a "traditional" European veterinary use. CONCLUSION For the treatment of their animals farmers in the pre-alpine and alpine regions of the Swiss cantons of Bern and Lucerne mostly used plants which have a track record as medicinal herbs in Europe over several centuries. Almost half of the plant species had specific veterinary uses for about 120 years and even more for at least 30 years. The majority of the plant species thus fulfill the criteria of "traditional" according to several definitions and even more up to a certain degree the criteria of "traditional use" as defined in European regulations for human medicinal products. Ethnoveterinary research combined with data from historical sources may serve as a sound foundation for the development and definition of a Traditional European Veterinary Herbal Medicine maybe even with regard to the recent discussion about a simplified registration for Traditional Herbal Veterinary Medicinal Products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Stucki
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maja Dal Cero
- University of Zurich, Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christan R Vogl
- Division of Organic Farming, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Ivemeyer
- Farm Animal Behaviour and Husbandry Section, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Beat Meier
- Unit of Phytopharmacy and Natural Product Research, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Ariane Maeschli
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse 113, Postfach, CH-5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse 113, Postfach, CH-5070 Frick, Switzerland.
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Grützner N. Medicinal plants - an underestimated option to treat gastrointestinal diseases in pigs? Vet Rec 2019; 184:314-315. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.l897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Grützner
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
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