1
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Phégnon L, Pérochon J, Uttenweiler-Joseph S, Cahoreau E, Millard P, Létisse F. 6-Phosphogluconolactonase is critical for the efficient functioning of the pentose phosphate pathway. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38982839 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic networks of microorganisms are remarkably robust to genetic and environmental perturbations. This robustness stems from redundancies such as gene duplications, isoenzymes, alternative metabolic pathways, and also from non-enzymatic reactions. In the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP), 6-phosphogluconolactone hydrolysis into 6-phosphogluconate is catalysed by 6-phosphogluconolactonase (Pgl) but in the absence of the latter, the oxPPP flux is thought to be maintained by spontaneous hydrolysis. However, in Δpgl Escherichia coli, an extracellular pathway can also contribute to pentose phosphate synthesis. This raises question as to whether the intracellular non-enzymatic reaction can compensate for the absence of 6-phosphogluconolactonase and, ultimately, on the role of 6-phosphogluconolactonase in central metabolism. Our results validate that the bypass pathway is active in the absence of Pgl, specifically involving the extracellular spontaneous hydrolysis of gluconolactones to gluconate. Under these conditions, metabolic flux analysis reveals that this bypass pathway accounts for the entire flux into the oxPPP. This alternative metabolic route-partially extracellular-sustains the flux through the oxPPP necessary for cell growth, albeit at a reduced rate in the absence of Pgl. Importantly, these findings imply that intracellular non-enzymatic hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone does not compensate for the absence of Pgl. This underscores the crucial role of Pgl in ensuring the efficient functioning of the oxPPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Phégnon
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Pérochon
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Edern Cahoreau
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Millard
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Létisse
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), France
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2
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Leitner BP, Lee WD, Zhu W, Zhang X, Gaspar RC, Li Z, Rabinowitz JD, Perry RJ. Tissue-specific reprogramming of glutamine metabolism maintains tolerance to sepsis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286525. [PMID: 37410734 PMCID: PMC10325078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming metabolism is of great therapeutic interest for reducing morbidity and mortality during sepsis-induced critical illness. Disappointing results from randomized controlled trials targeting glutamine and antioxidant metabolism in patients with sepsis have begged a deeper understanding of the tissue-specific metabolic response to sepsis. The current study sought to fill this gap. We analyzed skeletal muscle transcriptomics of critically ill patients, versus elective surgical controls, which revealed reduced expression of genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism and electron transport, with increases in glutathione cycling, glutamine, branched chain, and aromatic amino acid transport. We then performed untargeted metabolomics and 13C isotope tracing to analyze systemic and tissue specific metabolic phenotyping in a murine polymicrobial sepsis model. We found an increased number of correlations between the metabolomes of liver, kidney, and spleen, with loss of correlations between the heart and quadriceps and all other organs, pointing to a shared metabolic signature within vital abdominal organs, and unique metabolic signatures for muscles during sepsis. A lowered GSH:GSSG and elevated AMP:ATP ratio in the liver underlie the significant upregulation of isotopically labeled glutamine's contribution to TCA cycle anaplerosis and glutamine-derived glutathione biosynthesis; meanwhile, the skeletal muscle and spleen were the only organs where glutamine's contribution to the TCA cycle was significantly suppressed. These results highlight tissue-specific mitochondrial reprogramming to support liver energetic demands and antioxidant synthesis, rather than global mitochondrial dysfunction, as a metabolic consequence of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks P. Leitner
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Won D. Lee
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Wanling Zhu
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Rafael C. Gaspar
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Zongyu Li
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Rabinowitz
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rachel J. Perry
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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3
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Bollinger E, Zubrod JP, Konschak M, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Tracer or toxicant: Does stable isotope labeling affect central processes in aquatic food webs? AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 259:106542. [PMID: 37084478 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis (SIA) is an elementary technique in food web ecology, but its insights become increasingly ambiguous in complex systems. One approach to elevate the utility of SIA in such systems is the use of heavy isotope tracers (i.e., labeling). However, the fundamental assumption that the addition of such tracers does not affect in situ conditions has been challenged. This study tests if labeling is suitable for autotrophy-based and detritus-based aquatic food webs. For the former, the survival and reproduction of Daphnia magna fed with phytoplankton cultured at different levels of 15N addition were assessed. For the latter, the microbial decomposition of leaf litter was assessed at the same tracer levels. While no significant differences were observed, effect patterns were comparable to a previous study, supporting the isotopic redundancy hypothesis that postulates discrete quantum mechanical states at which the reaction speeds of metabolic processes are altered. Although physiology (reproduction) and activity (microbial decomposition) might not be altered to an ecologically significant level, labeling with heavy stable isotopes could potentially affect isotopic fractionation in biochemical processes and bias conclusions drawn from resulting SI ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bollinger
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany.
| | - Jochen P Zubrod
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany; Zubrod Environmental Data Science, Germany
| | - Marco Konschak
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
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4
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Chen BW. Equilibrium and kinetic isotope effects in heterogeneous catalysis: A density functional theory perspective. CATAL COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2023.106654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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5
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Wang Q, Kalathil S, Pornrungroj C, Sahm CD, Reisner E. Bacteria–photocatalyst sheet for sustainable carbon dioxide utilization. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Wiechert W, Nöh K. Quantitative Metabolic Flux Analysis Based on Isotope Labeling. Metab Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527823468.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Millard P, Enjalbert B, Uttenweiler-Joseph S, Portais JC, Létisse F. Control and regulation of acetate overflow in Escherichia coli. eLife 2021; 10:63661. [PMID: 33720011 PMCID: PMC8021400 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overflow metabolism refers to the production of seemingly wasteful by-products by cells during growth on glucose even when oxygen is abundant. Two theories have been proposed to explain acetate overflow in Escherichia coli – global control of the central metabolism and local control of the acetate pathway – but neither accounts for all observations. Here, we develop a kinetic model of E. coli metabolism that quantitatively accounts for observed behaviours and successfully predicts the response of E. coli to new perturbations. We reconcile these theories and clarify the origin, control, and regulation of the acetate flux. We also find that, in turns, acetate regulates glucose metabolism by coordinating the expression of glycolytic and TCA genes. Acetate should not be considered a wasteful end-product since it is also a co-substrate and a global regulator of glucose metabolism in E. coli. This has broad implications for our understanding of overflow metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Millard
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.,MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Brice Enjalbert
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jean-Charles Portais
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.,MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France.,RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1031, CNRS 5070, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, EFS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Létisse
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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8
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Smyth P, Zhang X, Ning Z, Mayne J, Moore JI, Walker K, Lavallée-Adam M, Figeys D. Studying the Temporal Dynamics of the Gut Microbiota Using Metabolic Stable Isotope Labeling and Metaproteomics. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15711-15718. [PMID: 33253538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome and its metabolic processes are dynamic systems. Surprisingly, our understanding of gut microbiome dynamics is limited. Here, we report a metaproteomic workflow that involves protein stable isotope probing (protein-SIP) and identification/quantification of partially labeled peptides. We also developed a package, which we call MetaProfiler, that corrects for false identifications and performs phylogenetic and time series analysis for the study of microbiome dynamics. From the stool sample of five mice that were fed with 15N hydrolysate from Ralstonia eutropha, we identified 12 326 nonredundant unlabeled peptides, of which 8256 of their heavy counterparts were quantified. These peptides revealed incorporation profiles over time that were different between and within taxa, as well as between and within clusters of orthologous groups (COGs). Our study helps unravel the complex dynamics of protein synthesis and bacterial dynamics in the mouse microbiome. MetaProfiler and the bioinformatic pipeline are available at https://github.com/northomics/MetaProfiler.git.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Smyth
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Zhibin Ning
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Janice Mayne
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jasmine Isabelle Moore
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Krystal Walker
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lavallée-Adam
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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9
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Autotrophic and mixotrophic metabolism of an anammox bacterium revealed by in vivo 13C and 2H metabolic network mapping. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 15:673-687. [PMID: 33082573 PMCID: PMC8027424 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00805-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria mediate a key step in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle and have been applied worldwide for the energy-efficient removal of nitrogen from wastewater. However, outside their core energy metabolism, little is known about the metabolic networks driving anammox bacterial anabolism and use of different carbon and energy substrates beyond genome-based predictions. Here, we experimentally resolved the central carbon metabolism of the anammox bacterium Candidatus ‘Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’ using time-series 13C and 2H isotope tracing, metabolomics, and isotopically nonstationary metabolic flux analysis. Our findings confirm predicted metabolic pathways used for CO2 fixation, central metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis in K. stuttgartiensis, and reveal several instances where genomic predictions are not supported by in vivo metabolic fluxes. This includes the use of the oxidative branch of an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle for alpha-ketoglutarate biosynthesis, despite the genome not having an annotated citrate synthase. We also demonstrate that K. stuttgartiensis is able to directly assimilate extracellular formate via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway instead of oxidizing it completely to CO2 followed by reassimilation. In contrast, our data suggest that K. stuttgartiensis is not capable of using acetate as a carbon or energy source in situ and that acetate oxidation occurred via the metabolic activity of a low-abundance microorganism in the bioreactor’s side population. Together, these findings provide a foundation for understanding the carbon metabolism of anammox bacteria at a systems-level and will inform future studies aimed at elucidating factors governing their function and niche differentiation in natural and engineered ecosystems.
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10
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Millard P, Schmitt U, Kiefer P, Vorholt JA, Heux S, Portais JC. ScalaFlux: A scalable approach to quantify fluxes in metabolic subnetworks. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007799. [PMID: 32287281 PMCID: PMC7182278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
13C-metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA) allows metabolic fluxes to be quantified in living organisms and is a major tool in biotechnology and systems biology. Current 13C-MFA approaches model label propagation starting from the extracellular 13C-labeled nutrient(s), which limits their applicability to the analysis of pathways close to this metabolic entry point. Here, we propose a new approach to quantify fluxes through any metabolic subnetwork of interest by modeling label propagation directly from the metabolic precursor(s) of this subnetwork. The flux calculations are thus purely based on information from within the subnetwork of interest, and no additional knowledge about the surrounding network (such as atom transitions in upstream reactions or the labeling of the extracellular nutrient) is required. This approach, termed ScalaFlux for SCALAble metabolic FLUX analysis, can be scaled up from individual reactions to pathways to sets of pathways. ScalaFlux has several benefits compared with current 13C-MFA approaches: greater network coverage, lower data requirements, independence from cell physiology, robustness to gaps in data and network information, better computational efficiency, applicability to rich media, and enhanced flux identifiability. We validated ScalaFlux using a theoretical network and simulated data. We also used the approach to quantify fluxes through the prenyl pyrophosphate pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants engineered to produce phytoene, using a dataset for which fluxes could not be calculated using existing approaches. A broad range of metabolic systems can be targeted with minimal cost and effort, making ScalaFlux a valuable tool for the analysis of metabolic fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Millard
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Uwe Schmitt
- Scientific IT Services, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Kiefer
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia A. Vorholt
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Heux
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National infrastructure of metabolomics and fluxomics, Toulouse, France
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1031, EFS, INP-ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Heuillet M, Millard P, Cissé MY, Linares LK, Létisse F, Manié S, Le Cam L, Portais JC, Bellvert F. Simultaneous Measurement of Metabolite Concentration and Isotope Incorporation by Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5890-5896. [PMID: 32212637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the topology, functioning, and regulation of metabolic systems are based on two main types of information that can be measured by mass spectrometry: the (absolute or relative) concentration of metabolites and their isotope incorporation in 13C-labeling experiments. These data are currently obtained from two independent experiments because the 13C-labeled internal standard (IS) used to determine the concentration of a given metabolite overlaps the 13C-mass fractions from which its 13C-isotopologue distribution (CID) is quantified. Here, we developed a generic method with a dedicated processing workflow to obtain these two sets of information simultaneously in a unique sample collected from a single cultivation, thereby reducing by a factor of 2 both the number of cultivations to perform and the number of samples to collect, prepare, and analyze. The proposed approach is based on an IS labeled with other isotope(s) that can be resolved from the 13C-mass fractions of interest. As proof-of-principle, we analyzed amino acids using a doubly labeled 15N13C-cell extract as IS. Extensive evaluation of the proposed approach shows a similar accuracy and precision compared to state-of-the-art approaches. We demonstrate the value of this approach by investigating the dynamic response of amino acids metabolism in mammalian cells upon activation of the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), a key component of the unfolded protein response. Integration of metabolite concentrations and isotopic profiles reveals a reduced de novo biosynthesis of amino acids upon PERK activation. The proposed approach is generic and can be applied to other (micro)organisms, analytical platforms, isotopic tracers, or classes of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Heuillet
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, UPS, Toulouse 31077, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Pierre Millard
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, UPS, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Madi Y Cissé
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Laetitia K Linares
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Fabien Létisse
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, UPS, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Serge Manié
- INSERM U1242, Université de Rennes, Rennes 35000, France
| | - Laurent Le Cam
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, UPS, Toulouse 31077, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse 31077, France.,STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1031, EFS, INP-ENVT, UPS, Toulouse 31100, France
| | - Floriant Bellvert
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, UPS, Toulouse 31077, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse 31077, France
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12
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Jacobson TB, Adamczyk PA, Stevenson DM, Regner M, Ralph J, Reed JL, Amador-Noguez D. 2H and 13C metabolic flux analysis elucidates in vivo thermodynamics of the ED pathway in Zymomonas mobilis. Metab Eng 2019; 54:301-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Baumeister TUH, Ueberschaar N, Schmidt-Heck W, Mohr JF, Deicke M, Wichard T, Guthke R, Pohnert G. DeltaMS: a tool to track isotopologues in GC- and LC-MS data. Metabolomics 2018; 14:41. [PMID: 30830340 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stable isotopic labeling experiments are powerful tools to study metabolic pathways, to follow tracers and fluxes in biotic and abiotic transformations and to elucidate molecules involved in metal complexing. OBJECTIVE To introduce a software tool for the identification of isotopologues from mass spectrometry data. METHODS DeltaMS relies on XCMS peak detection and X13CMS isotopologue grouping and then analyses data for specific isotope ratios and the relative error of these ratios. It provides pipelines for recognition of isotope patterns in three experiment types commonly used in isotopic labeling studies: (1) search for isotope signatures with a specific mass shift and intensity ratio in one sample set, (2) analyze two sample sets for a specific mass shift and, optionally, the isotope ratio, whereby one sample set is isotope-labeled, and one is not, (3) analyze isotope-guided perturbation experiments with a setup described in X13CMS. RESULTS To illustrate the versatility of DeltaMS, we analyze data sets from case-studies that commonly pose challenges in evaluation of natural isotopes or isotopic signatures in labeling experiment. In these examples, the untargeted detection of sulfur, bromine and artificial metal isotopic patterns is enabled by the automated search for specific isotopes or isotope signatures. CONCLUSION DeltaMS provides a platform for the identification of (pre-defined) isotopologues in MS data from single samples or comparative metabolomics data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim U H Baumeister
- Department of Bioorganic Analytics, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,, Lessingstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Max Planck Fellow Group on Plankton Community Interaction, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Ueberschaar
- Mass Spectrometric Platform, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - J Frieder Mohr
- Department of Bioorganic Analytics, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,, Lessingstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Deicke
- Department of Bioorganic Analytics, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,, Lessingstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Wichard
- Department of Bioorganic Analytics, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,, Lessingstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Department of Bioorganic Analytics, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,, Lessingstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Max Planck Fellow Group on Plankton Community Interaction, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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14
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Heuillet M, Bellvert F, Cahoreau E, Letisse F, Millard P, Portais JC. Methodology for the Validation of Isotopic Analyses by Mass Spectrometry in Stable-Isotope Labeling Experiments. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1852-1860. [PMID: 29260858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stable-isotope labeling experiments (ILEs) are widely used to investigate the topology and operation of metabolic networks. The quality of isotopic data collected in ILEs is of utmost importance to ensure reliable biological interpretations, but current evaluation approaches are limited due to a lack of suitable reference material and relevant evaluation criteria. In this work, we present a complete methodology to evaluate mass spectrometry (MS) methods used for quantitative isotopic studies of metabolic systems. This methodology, based on a biological sample containing metabolites with controlled labeling patterns, exploits different quality metrics specific to isotopic analyses (accuracy and precision of isotopologue masses, abundances, and mass shifts and isotopic working range). We applied this methodology to evaluate a novel LC-MS method for the analysis of amino acids, which was tested on high resolution (Orbitrap operating in full scan mode) and low resolution (triple quadrupole operating in multiple reaction monitoring mode) mass spectrometers. Results show excellent accuracy and precision over a large working range and revealed matrix-specific as well as mode-specific characteristics. The proposed methodology can identify reliable (and unreliable) isotopic data in an easy and straightforward way and efficiently supports the identification of sources of systematic biases as well as of the main factors that influence the overall accuracy and precision of measurements. This approach is generic and can be used to validate isotopic analyses on different matrices, analytical platforms, labeled elements, or classes of metabolites. It is expected to strengthen the reliability of isotopic measurements and thereby the biological value of ILEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Heuillet
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA , Toulouse, 31077, France.,MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics , Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Floriant Bellvert
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA , Toulouse, 31077, France.,MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics , Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Edern Cahoreau
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA , Toulouse, 31077, France.,MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics , Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Fabien Letisse
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA , Toulouse, 31077, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse , Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Pierre Millard
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA , Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA , Toulouse, 31077, France.,MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics , Toulouse, 31077, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse , Toulouse, 31062, France
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15
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Matsuda F, Toya Y, Shimizu H. Learning from quantitative data to understand central carbon metabolism. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:971-980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Funk AM, Anderson BL, Wen X, Hever T, Khemtong C, Kovacs Z, Sherry AD, Malloy CR. The rate of lactate production from glucose in hearts is not altered by per-deuteration of glucose. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 284:86-93. [PMID: 28972888 PMCID: PMC5817885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether perdeuterated glucose experiences a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) as glucose passes through glycolysis and is further oxidized in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Metabolism of deuterated glucose was investigated in two groups of perfused rat hearts. The control group was supplied with a 1:1 mixture of [U-13C6]glucose and [1,6-13C2]glucose, while the experimental group received [U-13C6,U-2H7]glucose and [1,6-13C2]glucose. Tissue extracts were analyzed by 1H, 2H and proton-decoupled 13C NMR spectroscopy. Extensive 2H-13C scalar coupling plus chemical shift isotope effects were observed in the proton-decoupled 13C NMR spectra of lactate, alanine and glutamate. A small but measureable (∼8%) difference in the rate of conversion of [U-13C6]glucose vs. [1,6-13C2]glucose to lactate, likely reflecting rates of CC bond breakage in the aldolase reaction, but conversion of [U-13C6]glucose versus [U-13C6,U-2H7]glucose to lactate did not differ. This shows that the presence of deuterium in glucose does not alter glycolytic flux. However, there were two distinct effects of deuteration on metabolism of glucose to alanine and oxidation of glucose in the TCA. First, alanine undergoes extensive exchange of methyl deuterons with solvent protons in the alanine amino transferase reaction. Second, there is a substantial kinetic isotope effect in metabolism of [U-13C6,U-2H7]glucose to alanine and glutamate. In the presence of [U-13C6,U-2H7]glucose, alanine and lactate are not in rapid exchange with the same pool of pyruvate. These studies indicate that the appearance of hyperpolarized 13C-lactate from hyperpolarized [U-13C6,U-2H7]glucose is not substantially influenced by a deuterium kinetic isotope effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Funk
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Brian L Anderson
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Thomas Hever
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, TX, United States.
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17
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Parmar JH, Davis G, Shevchuk H, Mendes P. Modeling the dynamics of mouse iron body distribution: hepcidin is necessary but not sufficient. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:57. [PMID: 28521769 PMCID: PMC5437513 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is an essential element of most living organisms but is a dangerous substance when poorly liganded in solution. The hormone hepcidin regulates the export of iron from tissues to the plasma contributing to iron homeostasis and also restricting its availability to infectious agents. Disruption of iron regulation in mammals leads to disorders such as anemia and hemochromatosis, and contributes to the etiology of several other diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we test the hypothesis that hepcidin alone is able to regulate iron distribution in different dietary regimes in the mouse using a computational model of iron distribution calibrated with radioiron tracer data. RESULTS A model was developed and calibrated to the data from adequate iron diet, which was able to simulate the iron distribution under a low iron diet. However simulation of high iron diet shows considerable deviations from the experimental data. Namely the model predicts more iron in red blood cells and less iron in the liver than what was observed in experiments. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that hepcidin alone is not sufficient to regulate iron homeostasis in high iron conditions and that other factors are important. The model was able to simulate anemia when hepcidin was increased but was unable to simulate hemochromatosis when hepcidin was suppressed, suggesting that in high iron conditions additional regulatory interactions are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh H Parmar
- Center for Quantitative Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Grey Davis
- Center for Quantitative Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Hope Shevchuk
- Center for Quantitative Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Pedro Mendes
- Center for Quantitative Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
- School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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18
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Donahue MG, Jentsch NG, Simons CR. Synthesis of [13C6]3,4-diaminobenzoic acid as a precursor for stable isotope labeled benzimidazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Andriukonis E, Gorokhova E. Kinetic 15N-isotope effects on algal growth. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44181. [PMID: 28281640 PMCID: PMC5345060 DOI: 10.1038/srep44181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope labeling is a standard technique for tracing material transfer in molecular, ecological and biogeochemical studies. The main assumption in this approach is that the enrichment with a heavy isotope has no effect on the organism metabolism and growth, which is not consistent with current theoretical and empirical knowledge on kinetic isotope effects. Here, we demonstrate profound changes in growth dynamics of the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata grown in 15N-enriched media. With increasing 15N concentration (0.37 to 50 at%), the lag phase increased, whereas maximal growth rate and total yield decreased; moreover, there was a negative relationship between the growth and the lag phase across the treatments. The latter suggests that a trade-off between growth rate and the ability to adapt to the high 15N environment may exist. Remarkably, the lag-phase response at 3.5 at% 15N was the shortest and deviated from the overall trend, thus providing partial support to the recently proposed Isotopic Resonance hypothesis, which predicts that certain isotopic composition is particularly favorable for living organisms. These findings confirm the occurrence of KIE in isotopically enriched algae and underline the importance of considering these effects when using stable isotope labeling in field and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivydas Andriukonis
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Bio-Nanotechnology, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Gorokhova E. Shifts in rotifer life history in response to stable isotope enrichment: testing theories of isotope effects on organismal growth. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:160810. [PMID: 28405367 PMCID: PMC5383824 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In ecology, stable isotope labelling is commonly used for tracing material transfer in trophic interactions, nutrient budgets and biogeochemical processes. The main assumption in this approach is that the enrichment with a heavy isotope has no effect on the organism growth and metabolism. This assumption is, however, challenged by theoretical considerations and experimental studies on kinetic isotope effects in vivo. Here, I demonstrate profound changes in life histories of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis fed 15N-enriched algae (0.4-5.0 at%); i.e. at the enrichment levels commonly used in ecological studies. These findings support theoretically predicted effects of heavy isotope enrichment on growth, metabolism and ageing in biological systems and underline the importance of accounting for such effects when using stable isotope labelling in experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry , Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 10691 Stockholm , Sweden
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21
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Enjalbert B, Millard P, Dinclaux M, Portais JC, Létisse F. Acetate fluxes in Escherichia coli are determined by the thermodynamic control of the Pta-AckA pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42135. [PMID: 28186174 PMCID: PMC5301487 DOI: 10.1038/srep42135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli excretes acetate upon growth on fermentable sugars, but the regulation of this production remains elusive. Acetate excretion on excess glucose is thought to be an irreversible process. However, dynamic 13C-metabolic flux analysis revealed a strong bidirectional exchange of acetate between E. coli and its environment. The Pta-AckA pathway was found to be central for both flux directions, while alternative routes (Acs or PoxB) play virtually no role in glucose consumption. Kinetic modelling of the Pta-AckA pathway predicted that its flux is thermodynamically controlled by the extracellular acetate concentration in vivo. Experimental validations confirmed that acetate production can be reduced and even reversed depending solely on its extracellular concentration. Consistently, the Pta-AckA pathway can rapidly switch from acetate production to consumption. Contrary to current knowledge, E. coli is thus able to co-consume glucose and acetate under glucose excess. These metabolic capabilities were confirmed on other glycolytic substrates which support the growth of E. coli in the gut. These findings highlight the dual role of the Pta-AckA pathway in acetate production and consumption during growth on glycolytic substrates, uncover a novel regulatory mechanism that controls its flux in vivo, and significantly expand the metabolic capabilities of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Enjalbert
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Millard
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Mickael Dinclaux
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Fabien Létisse
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
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22
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Martínez VS, Krömer JO. Quantification of Microbial Phenotypes. Metabolites 2016; 6:E45. [PMID: 27941694 PMCID: PMC5192451 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite profiling technologies have improved to generate close to quantitative metabolomics data, which can be employed to quantitatively describe the metabolic phenotype of an organism. Here, we review the current technologies available for quantitative metabolomics, present their advantages and drawbacks, and the current challenges to generate fully quantitative metabolomics data. Metabolomics data can be integrated into metabolic networks using thermodynamic principles to constrain the directionality of reactions. Here we explain how to estimate Gibbs energy under physiological conditions, including examples of the estimations, and the different methods for thermodynamics-based network analysis. The fundamentals of the methods and how to perform the analyses are described. Finally, an example applying quantitative metabolomics to a yeast model by 13C fluxomics and thermodynamics-based network analysis is presented. The example shows that (1) these two methods are complementary to each other; and (2) there is a need to take into account Gibbs energy errors. Better estimations of metabolic phenotypes will be obtained when further constraints are included in the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica S Martínez
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Jens O Krömer
- Centre for Microbial Electrochemical Systems (CEMES), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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23
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Sandberg TE, Long CP, Gonzalez JE, Feist AM, Antoniewicz MR, Palsson BO. Evolution of E. coli on [U-13C]Glucose Reveals a Negligible Isotopic Influence on Metabolism and Physiology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151130. [PMID: 26964043 PMCID: PMC4786092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
13C-Metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA) traditionally assumes that kinetic isotope effects from isotopically labeled compounds do not appreciably alter cellular growth or metabolism, despite indications that some biochemical reactions can be non-negligibly impacted. Here, populations of Escherichia coli were adaptively evolved for ~1000 generations on uniformly labeled 13C-glucose, a commonly used isotope for 13C-MFA. Phenotypic characterization of these evolved strains revealed ~40% increases in growth rate, with no significant difference in fitness when grown on either labeled (13C) or unlabeled (12C) glucose. The evolved strains displayed decreased biomass yields, increased glucose and oxygen uptake, and increased acetate production, mimicking what is observed after adaptive evolution on unlabeled glucose. Furthermore, full genome re-sequencing revealed that the key genetic changes underlying these phenotypic alterations were essentially the same as those acquired during adaptive evolution on unlabeled glucose. Additionally, glucose competition experiments demonstrated that the wild-type exhibits no isotopic preference for unlabeled glucose, and the evolved strains have no preference for labeled glucose. Overall, the results of this study indicate that there are no significant differences between 12C and 13C-glucose as a carbon source for E. coli growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy E. Sandberg
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Long
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline E. Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, United States of America
| | - Adam M. Feist
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maciek R. Antoniewicz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, United States of America
| | - Bernhard O. Palsson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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