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Sakarin S, Rungsipipat A, Surachetpong SD. Perivascular inflammatory cells and their association with pulmonary arterial remodelling in dogs with pulmonary hypertension due to myxomatous mitral valve disease. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1505-1521. [PMID: 36976445 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), may occur in dogs affected with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Recent studies suggest that an accumulation of perivascular inflammatory cells may be involved with medial thickening which is a sign of the pulmonary artery remodelling in PH. The aim of this study was to characterise perivascular inflammatory cells in the surrounding pulmonary arteries of dogs with PH due to MMVD compared to MMVD dogs and healthy control dogs. Nineteen lung samples were collected from cadavers of small-breed dogs (control n = 5; MMVD n = 7; MMVD + PH n = 7). Toluidine blue stain and multiple IHC targeting α-SMA, vWF, CD20, CD68 and CD3 was performed to examine intimal and medial thickening, assess muscularisation of the small pulmonary arteries and characterise perivascular leucocytes. Medial thickening without intimal thickening of pulmonary arteries and muscularisation of normally non-muscularised small pulmonary arteries was observed in the MMVD and MMVD + PH groups compared with the control group. The perivascular numbers of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and macrophages was significantly increased in the MMVD + PH group compared with the MMVD and control groups. In contrast, the perivascular number of mast cells was significantly higher in the MMVD group compared with the MMVD + PH and control groups. This study suggested that pulmonary artery remodelling as medial thickening and muscularisation of the normally non-muscular small pulmonary arteries is accompanied by the accumulation of perivascular inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Sakarin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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2
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Ye Y, Xu Q, Wuren T. Inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162556. [PMID: 37215139 PMCID: PMC10196112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a complicated vascular disorder characterized by diverse mechanisms that lead to elevated blood pressure in pulmonary circulation. Recent evidence indicates that HPH is not simply a pathological syndrome but is instead a complex lesion of cellular metabolism, inflammation, and proliferation driven by the reprogramming of gene expression patterns. One of the key mechanisms underlying HPH is hypoxia, which drives immune/inflammation to mediate complex vascular homeostasis that collaboratively controls vascular remodeling in the lungs. This is caused by the prolonged infiltration of immune cells and an increase in several pro-inflammatory factors, which ultimately leads to immune dysregulation. Hypoxia has been associated with metabolic reprogramming, immunological dysregulation, and adverse pulmonary vascular remodeling in preclinical studies. Many animal models have been developed to mimic HPH; however, many of them do not accurately represent the human disease state and may not be suitable for testing new therapeutic strategies. The scientific understanding of HPH is rapidly evolving, and recent efforts have focused on understanding the complex interplay among hypoxia, inflammation, and cellular metabolism in the development of this disease. Through continued research and the development of more sophisticated animal models, it is hoped that we will be able to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of HPH and implement more effective therapies for this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ye
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- High-Altitude Medicine Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Qiying Xu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- High-Altitude Medicine Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Tana Wuren
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- High-Altitude Medicine Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
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Yang Y, Xu Y, Qian S, Tang T, Wang K, Feng J, Ding R, Yao J, Huang J, Wang J. Systematic investigation of the multi-scale mechanisms of herbal medicine on treating ventricular remodeling: Theoretical and experimental studies. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154706. [PMID: 36796187 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the underlying molecule mechanism of herbal medicine in preventing ventricular remodeling (VR), we take a herbal formula that is clinically effective for preventing VR as an example, which composed of Pachyma hoelen Rumph, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Cassia Twig and Licorice. Due to multi-components and multi-targets in herbal medicine, it is extremely difficult to systematically explain its mechanisms of action. METHODS An innovative systematic investigation framework which combines with pharmacokinetic screening, target fishing, network pharmacology, DeepDDI algorithm, computational chemistry, molecular thermodynamics, in vivo and in vitro experiments was performed for deciphering the underlying molecular mechanisms of herbal medicine for treating VR. RESULTS ADME screening and SysDT algorithm determined 75 potentially active compounds and 109 corresponding targets. Then, systematic analysis of networks reveals the crucial active ingredients and key targets in herbal medicine. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis identifies 33 key regulators during VR progression. Moreover, PPI network and biological function enrichment present four crucial signaling pathways, i.e. NF-κB and TNF, PI3K-AKT and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathways involved in VR. Besides, both molecular experiments at animal and cell levels reveal the beneficial effect of herbal medicine on preventing VR. Finally, MD simulations and binding free energy validate the reliability of drug-target interactions. CONCLUSION Our novelty is to build a systematic strategy which combines various theoretical methods combined with experimental approaches. This strategy provides a deep understanding for the study of molecular mechanisms of herbal medicine on treating diseases from systematic level, and offers a new idea for modern medicine to explore drug interventions for complex diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Yang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Shanna Qian
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Tongjuan Tang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Kangyong Wang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Ran Ding
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Juan Yao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China.
| | - Jinghui Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China.
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Chen T, Su S, Yang Z, Zhang D, Li Z, Lu D. Srolo Bzhtang reduces inflammation and vascular remodeling via suppression of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115572. [PMID: 35872290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Srolo Bzhtang (SBT), which consists of Solms-laubachia eurycarpa, Bergenia purpurascens, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and lac secreted by Laccifer lacca Kerr (Lacciferidae Cockerell), is a well-known traditional Tibetan medicinal formula and was documented to cure "lung-heat" syndrome by eliminating "chiba" in the ancient Tibetan medical work Four Medical Tantras (Rgyud bzhi). Clinically, it is a therapy for pulmonary inflammatory disorders, such as pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, whether and how SBT participates in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to determine the role of SBT in attenuating pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular remodeling caused by monocrotaline (MCT) and hypoxia. To elucidate the potential mechanism underlying SBT-mediated PAH, we investigated the changes in inflammatory cytokines and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS MCT- and hypoxia-induced PAH rat models were used. After administering SBT for four weeks, the rats were tested for hemodynamic indicators, hematological changes, pulmonary arterial morphological changes, and the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum and lung tissues. Protein expression of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway was determined using western blotting. RESULTS SBT reduced pulmonary arterial pressure, vascular remodeling, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines induced by MCT and hypoxia in rats. Furthermore, SBT significantly suppressed the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that SBT alleviates MCT- and hypoxia-induced PAH in rats, which is related to its anti-inflammatory actions involving inhibition of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Technical Center of Xining Customs (Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research In Qinghai Province), Xining, 810003, PR China
| | - Zhanting Yang
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China.
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Li J, Zhang X, Mo Y, Huang T, Rao H, Tan Z, Huang L, Zeng D, Jiang C, Zhong Y, Cai Y, Liang B, Wu J. Urokinase-loaded cyclic RGD-decorated liposome targeted therapy for in-situ thrombus of pulmonary arteriole of pulmonary hypertension. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1038829. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1038829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud:In-situ thrombosis is a significant pathophysiological basis for the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, thrombolytic therapy for in-situ thrombus in PH was often hampered by the apparent side effects and the low bioavailability of common thrombolytic medications. Nanoscale cyclic RGD (cRGD)-decorated liposomes have received much attention thanks to their thrombus-targeting and biodegradability properties. As a result, we synthesized urokinase-loaded cRGD-decorated liposome (UK-cRGD-Liposome) for therapy of in-situ thrombosis as an exploration of pulmonary hypertensive novel therapeutic approaches.Purpose: To evaluate the utilize of UK-cRGD-Liposome for targeted thrombolysis of in-situ thrombus in PH and to explore the potential mechanisms of in-situ thrombus involved in the development of PH.Methods: UK-cRGD-Liposome nanoscale drug delivery system was prepared using combined methods of thin-film hydration and sonication. Induced PH via subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (MCT). Fibrin staining (modified MSB method) was applied to detect the number of vessels within-situ thrombi in PH. Echocardiography, hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) staining, and Masson’s trichrome staining were used to analyze right ventricular (RV) function, pulmonary vascular remodeling, as well as RV remodeling.Results: The number of vessels with in-situ thrombi revealed that UK-cRGD-Liposome could actively target urokinase to in-situ thrombi and release its payload in a controlled manner in the in vivo environment, thereby enhancing the thrombolytic effect of urokinase. Pulmonary artery hemodynamics and echocardiography indicated a dramatical decrease in pulmonary artery pressure and a significant improvement in RV function post targeted thrombolytic therapy. Moreover, pulmonary vascular remodeling and RV remodeling were significantly restricted post targeted thrombolytic therapy.Conclusion: UK-cRGD-Liposome can restrict the progression of PH and improve RV function by targeting the dissolution of pulmonary hypertensive in-situ thrombi, which may provide promising therapeutic approaches for PH.
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Cheng Y, Xiao M, Chen J, Wang D, Hu Y, Zhang C, Wang T, Fu C, Wu Y, Zhang J. Quality assessment and Q-markers discovery of Tongsaimai tablet by integrating serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology for anti-atherosclerosis benefit. Chin Med 2022; 17:103. [PMID: 36056398 PMCID: PMC9438231 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The limited therapeutic outcomes of atherosclerosis (AS) have allowed, traditional Chinese medicine has been well established as an alternative approach in ameliorating AS and associated clinical syndromes. Clinically, Tongsaimai tablet (TSMT), a commercial Chinese patent medicine approved by CFDA, shows an obvious therapeutic effect on AS treatment. However, its effective mechanism and quality control still need thorough and urgent exploration. Methods The mice were orally administered with TSMT and their serum was investigated for the absorbed compounds using serum pharmacochemistry via the UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS analysis was employed to investigate these absorbed compounds in serum of mice orally administrated with TSMT. Based on these absorbed prototype compounds in serum derived from TSMT, a component-target-disease network was constructed using network pharmacology strategy, which elucidated the potential bioactive components, effective targets, and molecular mechanisms of TSMT against AS. Further, the screened compounds from the component-target network were utilized as the quality control (QC) markers, determining multi-component content determination and HPLC fingerprint to assess quality of nine batches of TSMT samples. Results A total of 164 individual components were identified in TSMT. Among them, 29 prototype compounds were found in serum of mice administrated with TSMT. Based on these candidate prototype components, 34 protein targets and 151 pathways related to AS were predicted, and they might significantly exhibit potential anti-AS mechanisms via synergistic regulations of lipid regulation, shear stress, and anti-inflammation, etc. Five potentially bioactive ingredients in TSMT, including Ferulic acid, Liquiritin, Senkyunolide I, Luteolin and Glycyrrhizic acid in quantity not less than 1.2798, 0.4716, 0.5419, 0.1349, 4.0386 mg/g, respectively, screened from the component-target-pathway network. Thereby, these indicated that these five compounds of TMST which played vital roles in the attenuation of AS could serve as crucial marker compounds for quality control. Conclusions Overall, based on the combination of serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology, the present study firstly provided a useful strategy to establish a quality assessment approach for TSMT by screening out the potential anti-AS mechanisms and chemical quality markers. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00658-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yichen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenfeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, 222001, China.,State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Tuanjie Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, 222001, China.,State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Sakarin S, Rungsipipat A, Surachetpong SD. Expression of apoptotic proteins in the pulmonary artery of dogs with pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease. Res Vet Sci 2022; 145:238-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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An Update on Advancements and Challenges in Inhalational Drug Delivery for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113490. [PMID: 35684428 PMCID: PMC9182169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A lethal condition at the arterial–alveolar juncture caused the exhaustive remodeling of pulmonary arterioles and persistent vasoconstriction, followed by a cumulative augmentation of resistance at the pulmonary vascular and, consequently, right-heart collapse. The selective dilation of the pulmonary endothelium and remodeled vasculature can be achieved by using targeted drug delivery in PAH. Although 12 therapeutics were approved by the FDA for PAH, because of traditional non-specific targeting, they suffered from inconsistent drug release. Despite available inhalation delivery platforms, drug particle deposition into the microenvironment of the pulmonary vasculature and the consequent efficacy of molecules are influenced by pathophysiological conditions, the characteristics of aerosolized mist, and formulations. Uncertainty exists in peripheral hemodynamics outside the pulmonary vasculature and extra-pulmonary side effects, which may be further exacerbated by underlying disease states. The speedy improvement of arterial pressure is possible via the inhalation route because it has direct access to pulmonary arterioles. Additionally, closed particle deposition and accumulation in diseased tissues benefit the restoration of remolded arterioles by reducing fallacious drug deposition in other organs. This review is designed to decipher the pathological changes that should be taken into account when targeting the underlying pulmonary endothelial vasculature, especially with regard to inhaled particle deposition in the alveolar vasculature and characteristic formulations.
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Tanaka S, Yamamoto T, Mikawa M, Nawata J, Fujii S, Nakamura Y, Kato T, Fukuda M, Suetomi T, Uchinoumi H, Oda T, Okuda S, Okamura T, Kobayashi S, Yano. M. Stabilization of RyR2 maintains right ventricular function, reduces the development of ventricular arrhythmias, and improves prognosis in pulmonary hypertension. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:986-997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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10
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MicroRNA-325-3p Targets Human Epididymis Protein 4 to Relieve Right Ventricular Fibrosis in Rats with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:4382999. [PMID: 35136419 PMCID: PMC8800631 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4382999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) usually causes right ventricular dysfunction, which is closely related to cardiac fibrosis. But cardiac fibrosis mechanism remains unclear. Our purpose was to explore microRNA-325-3p (miR-325-3p)/human epididymis protein 4's (HE4) role in the occurrence and development of right ventricular fibrosis in PAH. Methods The right ventricular fibrosis model of rats with PAH was constructed, and miR-325-3p was overexpressed to explore miR-325-3p's effect on myocardial fibrosis in rats with PAH. Pearson correlation coefficient examined the correlation between HE4 and miR-325-3p. We separated and identified the primary rat myocardial fibroblasts from the heart tissue. Then, the Ang II-treated myocardial fibroblast fibrosis model was constructed. miR-325-3p mimics and si-HE4 and oe-HE4 cell lines were constructed to investigate miR-325-3p and HE4 effects on myocardial cell fibrosis. Then, we added PI3K inhibitor LY294002 to study the effects of HE4 in cell fibrosis by the PI3K/AKT pathway. Starbase was used to predict miR-325-3p and HE4 binding sites. Dual-luciferase reporter assay verified whether miR-325-3p and HE4 were targeted. Results Overexpression of miR-325-3p alleviated myocardial fibrosis in rats with PAH. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that HE4 was negatively correlated with miR-325-3p expression. Starbase predicted that miR-325-3p had binding sites with HE4. Dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-325-3p targeted HE4. Overexpression of miR-325-3p downregulated HE4 and inhibited myocardial fibroblast fibrosis. HE4 knockdown inhibited myocardial fibroblast fibrosis. HE4 promoted myocardial fibroblast fibrosis and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, HE4 affected myocardial fibroblast fibrosis through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusions miR-325-3p could target HE4 to relieve right ventricular fibrosis in rats with PAH. This study could provide new targets and strategies for right ventricular fibrosis in PAH.
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11
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Yu Z, Xiao J, Chen X, Ruan Y, Chen Y, Zheng X, Wang Q. Bioactivities and mechanisms of natural medicines in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chin Med 2022; 17:13. [PMID: 35033157 PMCID: PMC8760698 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and rare disease without obvious clinical symptoms that shares characteristics with pulmonary vascular remodeling. Right heart failure in the terminal phase of PAH seriously threatens the lives of patients. This review attempts to comprehensively outline the current state of knowledge on PAH its pathology, pathogenesis, natural medicines therapy, mechanisms and clinical studies to provide potential treatment strategies. Although PAH and pulmonary hypertension have similar pathological features, PAH exhibits significantly elevated pulmonary vascular resistance caused by vascular stenosis and occlusion. Currently, the pathogenesis of PAH is thought to involve multiple factors, primarily including genetic/epigenetic factors, vascular cellular dysregulation, metabolic dysfunction, even inflammation and immunization. Yet many issues regarding PAH need to be clarified, such as the "oestrogen paradox". About 25 kinds monomers derived from natural medicine have been verified to protect against to PAH via modulating BMPR2/Smad, HIF-1α, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and eNOS/NO/cGMP signalling pathways. Yet limited and single PAH animal models may not corroborate the efficacy of natural medicines, and those natural compounds how to regulate crucial genes, proteins and even microRNA and lncRNA still need to put great attention. Additionally, pharmacokinetic studies and safety evaluation of natural medicines for the treatment of PAH should be undertaken in future studies. Meanwhile, methods for validating the efficacy of natural drugs in multiple PAH animal models and precise clinical design are also urgently needed to promote advances in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Yu
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yi Ruan
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zheng
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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12
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Xue Z, Li Y, Zhou M, Liu Z, Fan G, Wang X, Zhu Y, Yang J. Traditional Herbal Medicine Discovery for the Treatment and Prevention of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720873. [PMID: 34899290 PMCID: PMC8660120 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling that may subsequently culminate in right heart failure and premature death. Although there are currently both non-pharmacological (lung transplantation, etc.) and pharmacological (Sildenafil, Bosentan, and new oral drugs on trial) therapies available, PAH remains a serious and fatal pulmonary disease. As a unique medical treatment, traditional herbal medicine (THM) treatment has gradually exerted its advantages in treating PAH worldwide through a multi-level and multi-target approach. Additionally, the potential mechanisms of THM were deciphered, including suppression of proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, controlling the processes of inflammation and oxidative stress, and regulating vasoconstriction and ion channels. In this review, the effects and mechanisms of the frequently studied compound THM, single herbal preparations, and multiple active components from THM are comprehensively summarized, as well as their related mechanisms on several classical preclinical PAH models. It is worth mentioning that sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium and tetramethylpyrazine are under clinical trials and are considered the most promoting medicines for PAH treatment. Last, reverse pharmacology, a strategy to discover THM or THM-derived components, has also been proposed here for PAH. This review discusses the current state of THM, their working mechanisms against PAH, and prospects of reverse pharmacology, which are expected to facilitate the natural anti-PAH medicine discovery and development and its bench-to-bedside transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
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13
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Li J, Xu D, Wang L, Zhang M, Zhang G, Li E, He S. Glycyrrhizic Acid Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Blocking Spike Protein-Mediated Cell Attachment. Molecules 2021; 26:6090. [PMID: 34684671 PMCID: PMC8539771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), also known as glycyrrhizin, is a triterpene glycoside isolated from plants of Glycyrrhiza species (licorice). GA possesses a wide range of pharmacological and antiviral activities against enveloped viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus. Since the S protein (S) mediates SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cell attachment and cell entry, we assayed the GA effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection using an S protein-pseudotyped lentivirus (Lenti-S). GA treatment dose-dependently blocked Lenti-S infection. We showed that incubation of Lenti-S virus, but not the host cells with GA prior to the infection, reduced Lenti-S infection, indicating that GA targeted the virus for infection. Surface plasmon resonance measurement showed that GA interacted with a recombinant S protein and blocked S protein binding to host cells. Autodocking analysis revealed that the S protein has several GA-binding pockets including one at the interaction interface to the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and another at the inner side of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) which might impact the close-to-open conformation change of the S protein required for ACE2 interaction. In addition to identifying GA antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, the study linked GA antiviral activity to its effect on virus cell binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (J.L.); (D.X.); (L.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Topcel Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dongge Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (J.L.); (D.X.); (L.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Yancheng Medical Research Centre, Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (J.L.); (D.X.); (L.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Institute of Medical Virology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (J.L.); (D.X.); (L.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Yancheng Medical Research Centre, Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Guohai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China;
| | - Erguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (J.L.); (D.X.); (L.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Susu He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (J.L.); (D.X.); (L.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Yancheng Medical Research Centre, Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng 224000, China
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14
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Wang J, Li H, Xia T, Feng J, Zhou R. Pulmonary arterial hypertension and flavonoids: A role in treatment. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:115-124. [PMID: 34169916 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_25_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a high mortality progressive pulmonary vascular disease that can lead to right heart failure. The use of clinical drugs for the treatment of PAH is limited to a great extent because of its single target and high price. Flavonoids are widely distributed in nature, and have been found in fruits, vegetables, and traditional Chinese medicine. They have diverse biological activities and various pharmacological effects such as antitumor, antioxidation, and anti-inflammatory. This review summarizes the progress in pharmacodynamics and mechanism of flavonoids in the treatment of PAH in recent years, in order to provide some theoretical references for relevant researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hailong Li
- The Third People's Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ru Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy; Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education; Ningxia Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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15
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Sakarin S, Rungsipipat A, Surachetpong SD. Histopathological changes of pulmonary vascular remodeling in dogs affected with pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease. J Vet Cardiol 2021; 36:141-152. [PMID: 34284267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can cause pulmonary arterial remodeling. Medial remodeling is a structural change of the pulmonary artery seen with PH. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are suggested as causes of medial remodeling. To demonstrate the histopathological changes of the pulmonary artery in dogs affected with PH secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) compared with DMVD without PH and control dogs. ANIMALS Lung samples obtained from the carcasses of 19 older small-breed dogs (Control, n = 5; DMVD, n = 7; DMVD + PH, n = 7). MATERIALS AND METHODS Lung tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The internal diameters of the pulmonary artery in the three groups were not different. Masson's trichrome staining revealed no collagen deposition in the intimal layer of the pulmonary artery in all dogs. The external diameter, percentage of medial thickness (%MT), percentage of SMC layer and collagen deposition areas, average number of SMCs, and the percentage of PCNA positive cells (%PCNA) of the pulmonary artery were increased in the DMVD and DMVD + PH groups compared with the control group. The %PCNA in the DMVD + PH group was significantly decreased when compared with the DMVD group. CONCLUSIONS Medial remodeling was found in left-sided heart failure DMVD dogs with and without PH. The medial remodeling in DMVD dogs with and without PH is related to SMC hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and collagen deposition, leading to an increased medial layer thickness of the pulmonary artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakarin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - A Rungsipipat
- Companion Animal Cancer Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - S D Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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16
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Feng W, Wang J, Yan X, Zhang Q, Chai L, Wang Q, Shi W, Chen Y, Liu J, Qu Z, Li S, Xie X, Li M. ERK/Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission contributes to HMGB1-induced autophagy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13048. [PMID: 33948998 PMCID: PMC8168414 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and aberrant mitochondrial fission mediated by excessive activation of GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) have been found to be elevated in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and critically implicated in PAH pathogenesis. However, it remains unknown whether Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and which downstream targets of mitochondrial fission mediate HMGB1-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation and migration leading to vascular remodelling in PAH. This study aims to address these issues. METHODS Primary cultured PASMCs were obtained from male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. We detected RNA levels by qRT-PCR, protein levels by Western blotting, cell proliferation by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and EdU incorporation assays, migration by wound healing and transwell assays. SD rats were injected with monocrotaline (MCT) to establish PAH. Hemodynamic parameters were measured by closed-chest right heart catheterization. RESULTS HMGB1 increased Drp1 phosphorylation and Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation through extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling activation, and subsequently triggered autophagy activation, which further led to bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) lysosomal degradation and inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) downregulation, and eventually promoted PASMCs proliferation/migration. Inhibition of ERK1/2 cascade, knockdown of Drp1 or suppression of autophagy restored HMGB1-induced reductions of BMPR2 and Id1, and diminished HMGB1-induced PASMCs proliferation/migration. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of HMGB1 by glycyrrhizin, suppression of mitochondrial fission by Mdivi-1 or blockage of autophagy by chloroquine prevented PAH development in MCT-induced rats PAH model. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 promotes PASMCs proliferation/migration and pulmonary vascular remodelling by activating ERK1/2/Drp1/Autophagy/BMPR2/Id1 axis, suggesting that this cascade might be a potential novel target for management of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Yuqian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Zhan Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, ShaanxiChina
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17
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Liu C, Sun H, Tang M, Li J, Zhang X, Cao G. Ethyl Pyruvate Alleviates Pulmonary Hypertension through the Suppression of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation via the High Mobility Group Protein B1/Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products Axis. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 27:380-388. [PMID: 34011805 PMCID: PMC8684839 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.oa.21-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a formidable disease with no effective treatment at present. With the goal of developing potential therapies, we attempted to determine whether ethyl pyruvate (EP) could alleviate PAH and its mechanism. Methods: Pulmonary smooth muscle cells were cultured in conventional low-oxygen environments, and cellular proliferation was monitored after treatment with either EP or phosphate-balanced solution (PBS). Expression of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) protein were detected by western blot. After hyperkinetic PAH rat models were treated with EP, hemodynamic data were collected. Right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodeling were evaluated. Expression of HMGB1 and RAGE protein was also detected. Results: In vitro, proliferative activity increased in low-oxygen environments, but was inhibited by EP treatment. Furthermore, Western blotting showed the decreased expression of HMGB1 and RAGE protein after EP treatment. In vivo, pulmonary artery pressures were attenuated with EP. Right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodeling were also reversed. Additionally, the expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE were reduced in lung tissues. Conclusions: EP can alleviate PAH by suppressing the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via inhibition of HMGB1/RAGE expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hourong Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengmeng Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangqing Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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18
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Sakarin S, Surachetpong SD, Rungsipipat A. The Expression of Proteins Related to Serotonin Pathway in Pulmonary Arteries of Dogs Affected With Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:612130. [PMID: 33426031 PMCID: PMC7793840 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.612130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can cause medial thickening, a hallmark of pulmonary arterial remodeling. The serotonin (5HT) pathway has been suggested as a factor associated with PH by inducing pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation, a major cause of medial thickening. This study aims to demonstrate the expression of molecules in the 5HT pathway in the pulmonary artery of dogs affected with PH secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) compared to DMVD and healthy control dogs. Materials and Methods: The study included lung samples from the carcasses of 19 older small-breed dogs (Control n = 5, DMVD n = 7, DMVD+PH n = 7). Lung tissue sections were performed Hematoxylin and Eosin staining for measuring the percentage of medial thickness and immunohistochemistry for evaluating the expression of proteins in the 5HT pathway including serotonin transporter (SERT), serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2A), tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2). Results: Medial thickening of the pulmonary arteries was found in the DMVD and DMVD+PH groups compared to the control. The medial thickening of the DMVD+PH group was increased significantly compared to that in the DMVD group. Intracytoplasmic expression of proteins related to the 5HT pathway was mainly presented in the medial layer of the pulmonary arteries. The control group showed a low expression of proteins related to the 5HT pathway. An intensive expression of SERT, 5HT2A, TPH1, and ERK1/2 protein was seen in the DMVD and DMVD+PH groups. Interestingly, pERK1/2 was strongly represented only in the DMVD+PH group. Conclusions: Overexpression of proteins related to the 5HT pathway including SERT, 5HT2A, TPH1, ERK1/2, and pERK1/2 was associated with medial remodeling in dogs affected with secondary to DMVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Sakarin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Aquila G, Re Cecconi AD, Brault JJ, Corli O, Piccirillo R. Nutraceuticals and Exercise against Muscle Wasting during Cancer Cachexia. Cells 2020; 9:E2536. [PMID: 33255345 PMCID: PMC7760926 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a debilitating multifactorial syndrome, involving progressive deterioration and functional impairment of skeletal muscles. It affects about 80% of patients with advanced cancer and causes premature death. No causal therapy is available against CC. In the last few decades, our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to muscle wasting during cancer has markedly increased. Both inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) alter anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways mostly culminating with muscle depletion. Several preclinical studies have emphasized the beneficial roles of several classes of nutraceuticals and modes of physical exercise, but their efficacy in CC patients remains scant. The route of nutraceutical administration is critical to increase its bioavailability and achieve the desired anti-cachexia effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that a single therapy may not be enough, and a bimodal intervention (nutraceuticals plus exercise) may be a more effective treatment for CC. This review focuses on the current state of the field on the role of inflammation and OS in the pathogenesis of muscle atrophy during CC, and how nutraceuticals and physical activity may act synergistically to limit muscle wasting and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Aquila
- Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.)
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea David Re Cecconi
- Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.)
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Jeffrey J. Brault
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Oscar Corli
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
- Oncology Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Piccirillo
- Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.)
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
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20
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Hu Y, Chi L, Kuebler WM, Goldenberg NM. Perivascular Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112338. [PMID: 33105588 PMCID: PMC7690279 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular inflammation is a prominent pathologic feature in most animal models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) as well as in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. Accumulating evidence suggests a functional role of perivascular inflammation in the initiation and/or progression of PAH and pulmonary vascular remodeling. High levels of cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators can be detected in PAH patients and correlate with clinical outcome. Similarly, multiple immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes characteristically accumulate around pulmonary vessels in PAH. Concomitantly, vascular and parenchymal cells including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts change their phenotype, resulting in altered sensitivity to inflammatory triggers and their enhanced capacity to stage inflammatory responses themselves, as well as the active secretion of cytokines and chemokines. The growing recognition of the interaction between inflammatory cells, vascular cells, and inflammatory mediators may provide important clues for the development of novel, safe, and effective immunotargeted therapies in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Hu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Leon Chi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
- Departments of Physiology and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Universitäts Medizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-528-501
| | - Neil M. Goldenberg
- Departments of Physiology and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada
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21
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Zemskova M, McClain N, Niihori M, Varghese MV, James J, Rafikov R, Rafikova O. Necrosis-Released HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1) in the Progressive Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated With Male Sex. Hypertension 2020; 76:1787-1799. [PMID: 33012199 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns, such as HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1), play a well-recognized role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a progressive fatal disease of the pulmonary vasculature. However, the contribution of the particular type of vascular cells, type of cell death, or the form of released HMGB1 in PAH remains unclear. Moreover, although male patients with PAH show a higher level of circulating HMGB1, its involvement in the severe PAH phenotype reported in males is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the sources and active forms of HMGB1 released from damaged vascular cells and their contribution to the progressive type of PAH in males. Our results showed that HMGB1 is released by either pulmonary artery human endothelial cells or human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells that underwent necrotic cell death, although only human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells produce HMGB1 during apoptosis. Moreover, only human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell death induced a release of dimeric HMGB1, found to be mitochondrial reactive oxygen species dependent, and TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4) activation. The modified Sugen/Hypoxia rat model replicates the human sexual dimorphism in PAH severity (right ventricle systolic pressure in males versus females 54.7±2.3 versus 44.6±2 mm Hg). By using this model, we confirmed that necroptosis and necrosis are the primary sources of circulating HMGB1 in the male rats, although only necrosis increased circulation of HMGB1 dimers. Attenuation of necrosis but not apoptosis or necroptosis prevented TLR4 activation in males and blunted the sex differences in PAH severity. We conclude that necrosis, through the release of HMGB1 dimers, predisposes males to a progressive form of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Zemskova
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Nolan McClain
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Maki Niihori
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Mathews V Varghese
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Joel James
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Olga Rafikova
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
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22
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Lv X, Zhu Y, Deng Y, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Zhao B, Li G. Glycyrrhizin improved autophagy flux via HMGB1-dependent Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to prevent Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Toxicology 2020; 441:152508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Zhu Z, Guo Y, Li X, Teng S, Peng X, Zou P, Zhou S. Glycyrrhizic Acid Attenuates Balloon-Induced Vascular Injury Through Inactivation of RAGE Signaling Pathways. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2019.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention is a well-established technique used to treat coronary artery disease, but the risk of coronary artery in-stent restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention is still high. Previous studies revealed that high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1)
plays a critical role in neointima formation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of glycyrrhizic acid (GA), an HMGB1 inhibitor, in the process of neointima formation and the potential mechanisms. We investigated the role of GA in neointima formation through an iliac artery balloon
injury model in rabbits. Proliferation, migration, and phenotype transformation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were observed. Besides, inflammation and receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) signaling pathways were studied. The results indicate that GA attenuated
neointima formation and downregulated HMGB1 expression in injured artery in rabbits. HMGB1 promoted proliferation, migration, and phenotype transformation through the activation of RAGE signaling pathways in VSMCs, and blockade of HMGB1 by GA (1, 10, and 100 μM) could attenuate those processes
and reduce proliferation of human VSMCs. In conclusion, the HMGB1 inhibitor GA might be useful to treat proliferative vascular diseases by downregulating RAGE signaling pathways. Our results indicate a new and promising therapeutic agent for restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuping Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Teng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pu Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Le Y, Wang Y, Zhou L, Xiong J, Tian J, Yang X, Gai X, Sun Y. Cigarette smoke-induced HMGB1 translocation and release contribute to migration and NF-κB activation through inducing autophagy in lung macrophages. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:1319-1331. [PMID: 31769590 PMCID: PMC6991703 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) shows pro-inflammatory activity in various inflammatory diseases and has been found up-regulated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lung macrophages play an important role in airway inflammation and lung destruction in COPD, yet whether HMGB1 is involved in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung macrophage dysfunction is unknown. We sought to evaluate the intracellular localization and release of HMGB1 in lung macrophages from COPD patients and CS-exposed mice, and to investigate the role of HMGB1 in regulating autophagy in CS extract (CSE)-treated lung macrophages (MH-S cells). Our results showed that HMGB1 was highly expressed in lung tissues and sera of COPD patients and CS-exposed mice, along with predominantly cytoplasmic exporting from nuclei in lung macrophages. In vitro experiments revealed that CSE promoted the expression, nucleocytoplasmic translocation and release of HMGB1 partly via the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Blockade of HMGB1 with chicken anti-HMGB1 polyclonal antibody (anti-HMGB1) or glycyrrhizin (Gly) attenuated the increase of LC3B-II and Beclin1, migration and p65 phosphorylation, suggesting the involvement of HMGB1 in autophagy, migration and NF-κB activation of lung macrophages. Hydroxychloroquine (CQ), an autophagy inhibitor, enhanced the increase of LC3B-II but not Beclin1 in CSE or rHMGB1-treated MH-S cells, and inhibition of autophagy by CQ and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) abrogated the migration and p65 phosphorylation of CSE-treated cells. These results indicate that CS-induced HMGB1 translocation and release contribute to migration and NF-κB activation through inducing autophagy in lung macrophages, providing novel evidence for HMGB1 as a potential target of intervention in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Le
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineZhongshan City People's HospitalZhongshanChina
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jieyu Tian
- Hematology Oncology CenterBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Gai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
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Morgan AM, Ibrahim MA, Hussien AM. Glycyrrhizic acid modulates the atrazine-induced apoptosis in rabbit spleen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34924-34930. [PMID: 31659708 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is a common herbicide used worldwide. It is a potent endocrine disruptor that causes hormonal imbalance. We investigated the modulatory role predisposed by glycyrrhizic acid (GA) against the hazardous effects caused by the ATR in the rabbit spleen. Sixty rabbits were assigned into 4 groups. The first group is the negative control; the ATR group received 1/10 of the oral LD 50 ATR; the GA group received 50 mg/kg body weight daily intraproteinally; and group 4 received both ATR and GA concurrently. ATR and GA administrations were done for 60 days. ATR-induced humoral immunotoxicity was illustrated by decreased serum total protein, albumin, and globulin levels and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus antibody titer, 4 weeks after vaccination. Moreover, upregulation of spleen Fas and caspase-III genes was recorded in ATR-exposed rabbits. Clear splenocyte apoptosis was observed in the immunohistochemical examination by the caspase-III technique. GA diminished the ATR-induced splenocyte apoptosis through downregulation of Fas and caspase-III expressions. In conclusion, our findings bounced a new perspective into the mechanism by which ATR induces immunotoxicity and assumed the potential modulatory role of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Morgan
- Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Hussien
- Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Rafikova O, Al Ghouleh I, Rafikov R. Focus on Early Events: Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:933-953. [PMID: 31169021 PMCID: PMC6765063 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease of the lung vasculature characterized by the proliferation of all vascular wall cell types, including endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblasts. The disease rapidly advances into a form with extensive pulmonary vascular remodeling, leading to a rapid increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, which results in right heart failure. Recent Advances: Most current research in the PAH field has been focused on the late stage of the disease, largely due to an urgent need for patient treatment options in clinics. Further, the pathobiology of PAH is multifaceted in the advanced disease, and there has been promising recent progress in identifying various pathological pathways related to the late clinical picture. Critical Issues: Early stage PAH still requires additional attention from the scientific community, and although the survival of patients with early diagnosis is comparatively higher, the disease develops in patients asymptomatically, making it difficult to identify and treat early. Future Directions: There are several reasons to focus on the early stage of PAH. First, the complexity of late stage disease, owing to multiple pathways being activated in a complex system with intra- and intercellular signaling, leads to an unclear picture of the key contributors to the pathobiology. Second, an understanding of early pathophysiological events can increase the ability to identify PAH patients earlier than what is currently possible. Third, the prompt diagnosis of PAH would allow for the therapy to start earlier, which has proved to be a more successful strategy, and it ensures better survival in PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rafikova
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Imad Al Ghouleh
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Wang M, Gauthier A, Daley L, Dial K, Wu J, Woo J, Lin M, Ashby C, Mantell LL. The Role of HMGB1, a Nuclear Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecule, in the Pathogenesis of Lung Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:954-993. [PMID: 31184204 PMCID: PMC6765066 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: High-mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1), a ubiquitous nuclear protein, regulates chromatin structure and modulates the expression of many genes involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and many other lung diseases, including those that regulate cell cycle control, cell death, and DNA replication and repair. Extracellular HMGB1, whether passively released or actively secreted, is a danger signal that elicits proinflammatory responses, impairs macrophage phagocytosis and efferocytosis, and alters vascular remodeling. This can result in excessive pulmonary inflammation and compromised host defense against lung infections, causing a deleterious feedback cycle. Recent Advances: HMGB1 has been identified as a biomarker and mediator of the pathogenesis of numerous lung disorders. In addition, post-translational modifications of HMGB1, including acetylation, phosphorylation, and oxidation, have been postulated to affect its localization and physiological and pathophysiological effects, such as the initiation and progression of lung diseases. Critical Issues: The molecular mechanisms underlying how HMGB1 drives the pathogenesis of different lung diseases and novel therapeutic approaches targeting HMGB1 remain to be elucidated. Future Directions: Additional research is needed to identify the roles and functions of modified HMGB1 produced by different post-translational modifications and their significance in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. Such studies will provide information for novel approaches targeting HMGB1 as a treatment for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Alex Gauthier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - LeeAnne Daley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Katelyn Dial
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Joanna Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Mosi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Charles Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Lin L. Mantell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
- Center for Inflammation and Immunology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
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Bioactive Candy: Effects of Licorice on the Cardiovascular System. Foods 2019; 8:foods8100495. [PMID: 31615045 PMCID: PMC6836258 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Licorice, today chiefly utilized as a flavoring additive in tea, tobacco and candy, is one of the oldest used herbs for medicinal purposes and consists of up to 300 active compounds. The main active constituent of licorice is the prodrug glycyrrhizin, which is successively converted to 3β-monoglucuronyl-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (3MGA) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) in the intestines. Despite many reported health benefits, 3MGA and GA inhibit the 11-β-hydrogenase type II enzyme (11β-HSD2) oxidizing cortisol to cortisone. Through activation of mineralocorticoid receptors, high cortisol levels induce a mild form of apparent mineralocorticoid excess in the kidney and increase systemic vascular resistance. Continuous inhibition of 11β-HSD2 related to excess licorice consumption will create a state of hypernatremia, hypokalemia and increased fluid volume, which can cause serious life-threatening complications especially in patients already suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Two recent meta-analyses of 18 and 26 studies investigating the correlation between licorice intake and blood pressure revealed statistically significant increases both in systolic (5.45 mmHg) and in diastolic blood pressure (3.19/1.74 mmHg). This review summarizes and evaluates current literature about the acute and chronic effects of licorice ingestion on the cardiovascular system with special focus on blood pressure. Starting from the molecular actions of licorice (metabolites) inside the cells, it describes how licorice intake is affecting the human body and shows the boundaries between the health benefits of licorice and possible harmful effects.
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29
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Zhao G, Zhang J, Nie D, Zhou Y, Li F, Onishi K, Billiar T, Wang JHC. HMGB1 mediates the development of tendinopathy due to mechanical overloading. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222369. [PMID: 31560698 PMCID: PMC6764662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical overloading is a major cause of tendinopathy, but the underlying pathogenesis of tendinopathy is unclear. Here we report that high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) is released to the tendon extracellular matrix and initiates an inflammatory cascade in response to mechanical overloading in a mouse model. Moreover, administration of glycyrrhizin (GL), a naturally occurring triterpene and a specific inhibitor of HMGB1, inhibits the tendon’s inflammatory reactions. Also, while prolonged mechanical overloading in the form of long-term intensive treadmill running induces Achilles tendinopathy in mice, administration of GL completely blocks the tendinopathy development. Additionally, mechanical overloading of tendon cells in vitro induces HMGB1 release to the extracellular milieu, thereby eliciting inflammatory and catabolic responses as marked by increased production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in tendon cells. Application of GL abolishes the cellular inflammatory/catabolic responses. Collectively, these findings point to HMGB1 as a key molecule that is responsible for the induction of tendinopathy due to mechanical overloading placed on the tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Zhao
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jianying Zhang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daibang Nie
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqin Zhou
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Huangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kentaro Onishi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Timothy Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James H-C. Wang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Berbets A, Koval H, Barbe A, Albota O, Yuzko O. Melatonin decreases and cytokines increase in women with placental insufficiency. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:373-378. [PMID: 31023180 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1608432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the levels of melatonin, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in pregnant women with placental insufficiency (PI).Materials and Methods: The PI was manifested as the intrauterine growth restriction syndrome of fetus (IUGR) in the third pregnancy trimester. The control group consisted of 20 women with uncomplicated pregnancy in the same term. The blood concentrations of melatonin, proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrotizing factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1-β (IL-1-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), were studied.Results: The concentration of melatonin was found to decrease significantly if pregnancy was complicated by intrauterine fetal growth retardation (study group -126.87 ± 14.87 pg/ml, control group -231.25 ± 21.56 pg/ml, p < .001). The levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the study group were significantly higher as compared with the control group (TNF-α: study group -10.05 ± 1.35 pg/ml, control group -5.60 ± 1.50 pg/ml, p < .05; IL-1-β: study group -14.67 ± 2.13 pg/ml, control group -3.96 ± 0.92 pg/ml, p < .001; IL-6: study group -6.91 ± 0.99 pg/ml, control group -2.69 ± 0.99 pg/ml, p < .05). The same is true about anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4: study group -5.97 ± 0.50 pg/ml, control group -3.74 ± 0.62 pg/ml, p < .05; IL-10: study group -11.40 ± 1.50 pg/ml, control group -4.70 ± 3.20 pg/ml, p < .001). A moderate negative correlation between melatonin and IL-1-β in the group with PI (r = -0.3776, p = .0097), a closed negative correlation between the same indexes in the control group (r = -0.6785, p = .001), and a moderate negative correlation between melatonin and TNF-α (r = -0.4908, p = .02) were found.Conclusions: The blood level of melatonin significantly decreases in case of placental insufficiency, manifested as intrauterine fetal growth restriction. Strengthening of the proinflammatory immunity shown as the increasing of the levels of TNF-α, IL-1-β, and IL-6 levels is also present in case of IUGR. Increase of the serum concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, in our opinion, can be explained by activation of compensatory mechanisms, which decrease the risk of premature labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Berbets
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bukovinskij Derzhavnij Medichnij Universitet, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Halyna Koval
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Endocrinology, Bukovinskij Derzhavnij Medichnij Universitet, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Adrian Barbe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bukovinskij Derzhavnij Medichnij Universitet, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Olena Albota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bukovinskij Derzhavnij Medichnij Universitet, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Yuzko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bukovinskij Derzhavnij Medichnij Universitet, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
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Dai M, Xiao R, Cai L, Ge T, Zhu L, Hu Q. HMGB1 is mechanistically essential in the development of experimental pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C175-C185. [PMID: 30517029 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00148.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a mortal disease featuring pulmonary vascular constriction and remodeling, right heart failure, and eventual death. Several reports showed that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) appears to be critical for the development of PH; the underlying mechanism, however, has not been revealed. Experiments in the present study demonstrated that HMGB1 levels were elevated in the lung tissue and blood plasma of rats after chronic hypoxia exposure and monocrotaline treatment. HMGB1 was originally located within the nucleus and translocated to the cytoplasm of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) upon hypoxia exposure, a process that appeared to be mediated by endogenous H2O2. Exposure to HMGB1 mobilized calcium signaling in PASMCs, a response that was attenuated by extracellular Ca2+ removal, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibition by TAK-242, or transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) suppression with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and SKF-96365. The sustained phosphorylation of the Akt pathway modulated HMGB1-induced migration of PASMCs. The blockage of HMGB1 with glycyrrhizin or anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody attenuated lung inflammation and PH establishment in rats after hypoxia exposure and monocrotaline treatment. The above findings reveal the mechanistic importance of HMGB1 in PH through TLR4- and TRPC-associated Ca2+ influx and Akt phosphorylation-driven PASMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Dai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Luyao Cai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Tong Ge
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
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Wisutthathum S, Demougeot C, Totoson P, Adthapanyawanich K, Ingkaninan K, Temkitthawon P, Chootip K. Eulophia macrobulbon extract relaxes rat isolated pulmonary artery and protects against monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 50:157-165. [PMID: 30466974 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extract of the wild orchid, Eulophia macrobulbon (EM) inhibits phosphodiesterase5 (PDE5) suggesting it could preferentially dilate the pulmonary vasculature. PURPOSE AND STUDY DESIGN To pharmacologically characterize the vascular actions of EM ethanolic extract and its active compound, 1-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)-4,8-dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,7-diol using isolated pulmonary arteries (PA) from rats having pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT). PA were fixed and prepared for histology. RESULTS EM extract relaxed PA (EC50 = 0.17 mg/ml, Emax ∼ 94%) but less so for aorta (EC50 = 0.51 mg/ml, Emax ∼ 62%), suggesting some selectivity towards the pulmonary circulation. PA vasorelaxation was reduced by endothelial removal or NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, but unaffected by indomethacin, apamin +charybdotoxin, 4-aminopyridine, glibenclamide, iberiotoxin, or 1H - [1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin -1- one. Sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation was enhanced by EM extract, probably via PDE5 inhibition. EM extract reduced contractions evoked by extracellular Ca2+application, and inhibited intracellular Ca2+release activated by phenylephrine. The phenanthrene relaxed PA independently of the endothelium. MCT thickened walls and decreased lumens of PA, and hypertrophied right ventricular myocytes, effects ameliorated by 3 weeks of oral sildenafil (20 mg/kg) or EM extract (15, 450 or 1000 mg/kg). CONCLUSION PAH is improved by EM extract acting through PA relaxation mediated through endothelial NO, reduced Ca2+-mobilization, and reduced PA wall thickness and right ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutthinee Wisutthathum
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Perle Totoson
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Kannika Adthapanyawanich
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Prapapan Temkitthawon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Krongkarn Chootip
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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Fox CJ, Cornett EM, Hart BM, Kaye AJ, Patil SS, Turpin MC, Valdez A, Urman RD, Kaye AD. Pulmonary vasodilators: Latest evidence and outcomes in the perioperative setting. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2018; 32:237-250. [PMID: 30322463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous conditions give rise to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), with most of them being idiopathic. Signs and symptoms are generally difficult to recognize initially because they present as nonspecific and typically are mistaken for age-related physiological processes or alternate medical conditions. Many advances have been made toward PAH-specific therapies that have led to advanced clinical management of the disease. The present investigation describes new pulmonary vasodilator agents that are currently available or under development that could impact perioperative management. The 6-min walk test is the gold standard in assessing the efficacy of any pulmonary hypertension treatment, and the only drug to show any mortality benefit in pulmonary hypertension is epoprostenol. The present investigation also describes the latest evidence on using these medications in the perioperative period, including clinical trials and practice guidelines. Future direction for research and clinical management of pulmonary hypertension is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Fox
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Elyse M Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Brendon M Hart
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Aaron J Kaye
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Shilpadevi S Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Michelle Carroll Turpin
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA.
| | - Angelica Valdez
- Northwestern State University, 1800 Line Ave, Shreveport, LA, 71106, USA.
| | - Richard D Urman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Room 656, 1542 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Kuebler WM, Bonnet S, Tabuchi A. Inflammation and autoimmunity in pulmonary hypertension: is there a role for endothelial adhesion molecules? (2017 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045893218757596. [PMID: 29480134 PMCID: PMC5865459 DOI: 10.1177/2045893218757596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While pulmonary hypertension (PH) has traditionally not been considered as a disease that is directly linked to or, potentially, even caused by inflammation, a rapidly growing body of evidence has demonstrated the accumulation of a variety of inflammatory and immune cells in PH lungs, in and around the wall of remodeled pulmonary resistance vessels and in the vicinity of plexiform lesions, respectively. Concomitantly, abundant production and release of various inflammatory mediators has been documented in both PH patients and experimental models of PH. While these findings unequivocally demonstrate an inflammatory component in PH, they have fueled an intense and presently ongoing debate as to the nature of this inflammatory aspect: is it a mere bystander of or response to the actual disease process, or is it a pathomechanistic contributor or potentially even a trigger of endothelial injury, smooth muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and the resulting lung vascular remodeling? In this review, we will discuss the present evidence for an inflammatory component in PH disease with a specific focus on the potential role of the endothelium in this scenario and highlight future avenues of experimental investigation which may lead to novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang M Kuebler
- 1 Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin Institut fur Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Arata Tabuchi
- 1 Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin Institut fur Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
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Meng L, Li L, Lu S, Li K, Su Z, Wang Y, Fan X, Li X, Zhao G. The protective effect of dexmedetomidine on LPS-induced acute lung injury through the HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Mol Immunol 2018; 94:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Xie H, Qiao P, Lu Y, Li Y, Tang Y, Huang Y, Bao Y, Ying H. Increased expression of high mobility group box protein 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in placenta previa. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9051-9059. [PMID: 28990078 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta previa is often associated with preterm delivery, reduced birth weight, a higher frequency of placental accreta and postpartum haemorrhage, and increased likelihood of blood transfusion. The present study aimed to examine the expression of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) in the placenta of women with or without placenta previa. The study group consisted of placental tissues obtained from women with or without placenta previa. The expression levels of HMGB1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated in the placental tissues using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and VEGF were significantly increased in the placenta previa group compared with in the normal group. In addition, the placenta previa group exhibited increased HMGB1 and VEGF staining in vascular endothelial cells and trophoblasts. There were no significant differences in the expression of HMGB1 or VEGF between groups with or without placenta accreta or postpartum haemorrhage. The present study hypothesised that the increased expression of HMGB1 in the placenta may be associated with the pathogenesis of placenta previa by regulating the expression of the proangiogenic factor VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Ping Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Yirong Bao
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Hao Ying
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
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Wu F, Yao W, Yang J, Zhang M, Xu Y, Hao Y, Yan L, Niu Y, Sun T, Yu J, Zhou R. Protective effects of aloperin on monocroline-induced pulmonary hypertension via regulation of Rho A/Rho kinsase pathway in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1161-1168. [PMID: 28926926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is fatal disease which closely involves Rho A/ Rho kinsase (ROCK) pathway. Aloperine is a main active alkaloid extracted from Sophora alopecuroides, which is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used widely. However, the effects of this alkaloid on pulmonary hypertension and its mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate whether aloperine has protective effects on PH induced by monocrotaline, whether these effects may be related to regulation of RhoA/ROCK pathway in rats. Pulmonary hypertension was induced by monocrotaline (60mg/kg), and subsequently oral administration of aloperine (25, 50, 100mg/kg/day) for 21 days. At the end of the experiment, rats were underwent hemodynamic and morphologic assessments. At same time, the expression of Rho A, ROCK1, ROCK2, as well as activities of ROCK in the lung of rat has been detected. Afterwards, the expression of p27kip1, Bax, Bcl-2, which was the downstream proliferation and apoptosis factors of ROCK, were tested. The result indicted that aloperine treatment showed significantly improvement in hemodynamic and pathomorphologic data. Moreover, the reduction in expression of Rho A, ROCK1, ROCK2, and suppression in activities of ROCK were found in rat lungs after aloperine treatment. Furthermore, aloperine also alleviated the MCT-induced changes of p27kip1, Bax and Bcl-2. In summary, this study indicates that aloperine have protective effects on monocrotaline-induced PH. And these effects may be partially related to RhoA/ROCK pathway. Thus, aloperine could be considered a possible therapeutic strategy for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Wanxia Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Jiamei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Echocardiogram Room, Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Yinju Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Lin Yan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Yang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China; Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China.
| | - Ru Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China; Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China.
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Zhao X, Liu J, Yang S, Chen C, Yin H, Li T, Wang Q, Li X, Lin Y, Cai D. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate alleviates hepatopulmonary syndrome via restoring superoxide dismutase 3 activity in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 807:144-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nogueira-Ferreira R, Ferreira-Pinto MJ, Silva AF, Vitorino R, Justino J, Costa R, Moreira-Gonçalves D, Quignard JF, Ducret T, Savineau JP, Leite-Moreira AF, Ferreira R, Henriques-Coelho T. HMGB1 down-regulation mediates terameprocol vascular anti-proliferative effect in experimental pulmonary hypertension. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3128-3138. [PMID: 28036116 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with a poor prognosis. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) play a crucial role in PAH pathophysiology, displaying a hyperproliferative, and apoptotic-resistant phenotype. In the present study, we evaluated the potential therapeutic role of terameprocol (TMP), an inhibitor of cellular proliferation and promoter of apoptosis, in a well-established pre-clinical model of PAH induced by monocrotaline (MCT) and studied the biological pathways modulated by TMP in PASMCs. Wistar rats injected with MCT or saline (SHAM group) were treated with TMP or vehicle. On day 21 after injection, we assessed bi-ventricular hemodynamics and cardiac and pulmonary morphometry. The effects of TMP on PASMCs were studied in a primary culture isolated from SHAM and MCT-treated rats, using an iTRAQ-based proteomic approach to investigate the molecular pathways modulated by this drug. In vivo, TMP significantly reduced pulmonary and cardiac remodeling and improved cardiac function in PAH. In vitro, TMP inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of PASMCs. A total of 65 proteins were differentially expressed in PASMCs from MCT rats treated with TMP, some of which involved in the modulation of transforming growth factor beta pathway and DNA transcription. Anti-proliferative effect of TMP seems to be explained, at least in part, by the down-regulation of the transcription factor HMGB1. Our findings support the beneficial role of TMP in PAH and suggest that it may be an effective therapeutic option to be considered in the clinical management of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- QOPNA, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.,Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel J Ferreira-Pinto
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,iBiMED, Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Justino
- QOPNA, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Raquel Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,CIAFEL, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jean-François Quignard
- Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Ducret
- Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Savineau
- Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adelino F Leite-Moreira
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiago Henriques-Coelho
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
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Shang P, Liu W, Liu T, Zhang Y, Mu F, Zhu Z, Liang L, Zhai X, Ding Y, Li Y, Wen A. Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid Attenuates Prooxidant and Profibrotic Mechanisms Involving Transforming Growth Factor-β1, and Improves Vascular Remodeling in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39809. [PMID: 28009003 PMCID: PMC5180224 DOI: 10.1038/srep39809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is an important complication of hypertension with oxidative stress-related profibrotic pathways involved. The transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) has been shown to be a potential target of vasoprotection, and has multiple roles in vascular remodeling. Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) is one of the active principles of Boswellic acids, and shows antioxidant activity in many diseases. The study is to determine effects of AKBA on systemic oxidative stress of hypertension and vascular remodeling. In the experiments, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used. And in vitro, fibroblast was pretreated with AKBA before Ang II stimuli. In the results, treatment of AKBA markedly reduced oxidative stress, and decreased vascular remodeling by restoring vascular wall parameters and improving vascular reactivity. AKBA dramatically reduced TGF-β1 and Smad3 expression, as shown in immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. In cultured fibroblast, AKBA decreased intracellular ROS levels. Cell viability and proliferation, as well as migration were inhibited by AKBA. Additionally, treatment of AKBA significantly decreased TGF-β1 secretion in culture supernatant. Expression of TGF-β1, Smad3, P-Smad3 and Smad7 were also decreased by AKBA in fibroblast. In conclusion, AKBA is able to attenuate oxidative stress and profibrotic mechanisms, and improve vascular remodeling in hypertension through TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijin Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Lingfei Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
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Erratum to: Glycyrrhizin, inhibitor of high mobility group box-1, attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in rats. Respir Res 2016; 17:142. [PMID: 27814697 PMCID: PMC5097388 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Glycyrrhizin Ameliorates Fibrosis, Vasculopathy, and Inflammation in Animal Models of Systemic Sclerosis. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:631-640. [PMID: 27777101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem inflammatory and vascular disease resulting in extensive tissue fibrosis. Glycyrrhizin, clinically used for chronic hepatic diseases and itching dermatitis, modulates the pathological processes of inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis in human diseases and their animal models. Therefore, we investigated a potential impact of glycyrrhizin on the key pathological manifestations of SSc, including inflammation, vasculopathy, and tissue fibrosis, with bleomycin-treated mice mimicking the fibrotic and inflammatory components of SSc and endothelial cell-specific Fli1-knockout mice recapitulating SSc vasculopathy. Glycyrrhizin significantly ameliorated dermal fibrosis in bleomycin-treated mice, which was partly attributable to blockade of transforming growth factor-β signaling in dermal fibroblasts through the down-regulation of thrombospondin 1, a latent transforming growth factor-β receptor, and transcription factors Smad3 and Ets1. Furthermore, bleomycin-dependent induction of T helper type 2-skewed immune polarization, M2 macrophage infiltration, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition were greatly suppressed in mice administered glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin also improved vascular permeability of endothelial cell-specific Fli1-knockout mice by increasing the expression of molecules regulating vascular integrity. These results indicate that glycyrrhizin ameliorates bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis through the inhibition of fibroblast activation, T helper type 2-skewed immune polarization, M2 macrophage infiltration, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and improves endothelial Fli1 deficiency-dependent vascular disintegrity, implying its potential as a disease-modifying drug for SSc.
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Liu K, Zhang X, Cao G, Liu Y, Liu C, Sun H, Pang X. Intratracheal instillation of ethyl pyruvate nanoparticles prevents the development of shunt-flow-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in a rat model. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2587-99. [PMID: 27354791 PMCID: PMC4907741 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether inhalation of ethyl pyruvate (EP) encapsulated with poly(ethylene glycol)-block-lactide/glycolide copolymer nanoparticles (EP-NPs) can prevent the development of shunt-flow-induced hyperkinetic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in a rat model. Materials and methods Rats were separated into five groups: blank (ie, no treatment after shunt flow), normal control (ie, no shunt flow or treatment), EP-NP instillation, EP-only instillation, and vehicle. The animals received intratracheal instillation of EP-NPs or other treatments immediately after a shunt flow, and treatment continued weekly until the end of the experiment. Hemodynamic data were recorded, pulmonary arterial remodeling was assessed, and levels of inflammatory mediators and ET1 expression in the lung and serum were analyzed. In addition, retention of EP in the lungs of rats in the EP-NP and EP-only groups was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results After 12 weeks, hemodynamic abnormalities and pulmonary arterial remodeling were improved in the EP-NP instillation group, compared with the blank, EP-only, and vehicle groups (P<0.05). In addition, the EP-NP group showed significantly decreased levels of HMGB1, IL-6, TNFα, reactive oxygen species, and ET1 in the lung during PAH development (P<0.05). Furthermore, EP-NP instillation was associated with reduced serum levels of inflammatory factors and ET1. High-performance liquid-chromatography measurement indicated that EP retention was greater in the lungs of the EP-NP group than in the EP-only group. Conclusion EP-NP instillation attenuated inflammation and prevented pulmonary arterial remodeling during the development of PAH induced by shunt flow. In the future, EP-NP delivery into the lung might provide a novel approach for preventing PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Guangqing Cao
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Pharmacy College of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanzhen Liu
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Hourong Sun
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Xinyan Pang
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
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Pandolfi F, Altamura S, Frosali S, Conti P. Key Role of DAMP in Inflammation, Cancer, and Tissue Repair. Clin Ther 2016; 38:1017-28. [PMID: 27021609 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to take stock of the current status of research on damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein. We discuss the Janus-faced role of DAMP molecules in inflammation, cancer, and tissue repair. The high-mobility group box (HMGB)-1 and adenosine triphosphate proteins are well-known DAMP molecules and have been primarily associated with inflammation. However, as we shall see, recent data have linked these molecules to tissue repair. HMGB1 is associated with cancer-related inflammation. It activates nuclear factor kB, which is involved in cancer regulation via its receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Proinflammatory activity and tissue repair may lead to pharmacologic intervention, by blocking DAMP RAGE and Toll like receptor 2 and 4 role in inflammation and by increasing their concentration in tissue repair, respectively. METHODS We conducted a MEDLINE search for articles pertaining to the various issues related to DAMP, and we discuss the most relevant articles especially (ie, not only those published in journals with a higher impact factor). FINDINGS A cluster of remarkable articles on DAMP have appeared in the literature in recent years. Regarding inflammation, several strategies have been proposed to target HMGB1, from antibodies to recombinant box A, which interacts with RAGE, competing with the full molecule. In tissue repair, it was reported that the overexpression of HMGB1 or the administration of exogenous HMGB1 significantly increased the number of vessels and promoted recovery in skin-wound, ischemic injury. IMPLICATIONS Due to the bivalent nature of DAMP, it is often difficult to explain the relative role of DAMP in inflammation versus its role in tissue repair. However, this point is crucial as DAMP-related treatments move into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Pandolfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Altamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Frosali
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pio Conti
- Postgraduate Medical School, Chieti University, Chieti, Italy
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Suzuki S, Nakazato K, Sugimoto K, Yoshihisa A, Yamaki T, Kunii H, Suzuki H, Saitoh SI, Takeishi Y. Plasma Levels of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products and High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension. Int Heart J 2016; 57:234-40. [PMID: 26973260 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.15-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An increase of pulmonary artery pressure in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) results in right ventricular failure and ultimately death. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear protein, acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine by activating receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) in the extracellular environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical significance of circulating levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in patients with PH. Plasma levels of HMGB1 and soluble RAGE were measured in 27 patients with PH (14 with pulmonary arterial hypertension [PAH], 13 with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension [CTEPH]) and 30 normal subjects as control. There was no difference in the plasma levels of HMGB1 between the PH patients and the control subjects. However, plasma levels of soluble RAGE were significantly higher in the patients with PH than in the controls (P < 0.001). Plasma soluble RAGE levels were higher in PAH (P < 0.001) and CTEPH (P < 0.0001) than in the controls. In addition, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between pulmonary artery pressure and plasma levels of soluble RAGE (r = 0.403, P < 0.0001). In the CTEPH patients, soluble RAGE levels were reduced after balloon pulmonary angioplasty (P < 0.001). Plasma levels of soluble RAGE, but not HMGB1, might be a novel marker that reflects the pathological condition in patients with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University
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Yu B, Li X, Wan Q, Han W, Deng C, Guo C. High-Mobility Group Box-1 Protein Disrupts Alveolar Elastogenesis of Hyperoxia-Injured Newborn Lungs. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:159-68. [PMID: 26982166 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) levels in tracheal aspirates are associated with the pathological features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the role of HMGB1 in the terminal stage of abnormal alveologenesis has not yet been understood. In this study, we addressed the role of HMGB1 in the elastogenesis disruption in the lungs of newborn mice with BPD. We found that elevations of whole lung HMGB1 level were associated with impaired alveolar development and aberrant elastin production in 85% O2-exposed lungs. HMGB1 neutralizing antibody attenuated the structural disintegration developed in hyperoxia-damaged lungs. Furthermore, HMGB1 inhibition rescued the neutrophil influx in hyperoxia-injured lung and partially abolished the mRNA level of the proinflammatory mediators, interleukin (IL)-1β and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. These data suggested that pulmonary HMGB1 plays an important role in the disruption of elastogenesis in the terminal stage of lung development through reduced pulmonary inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benli Yu
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qiufeng Wan
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Han
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,3 Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chun Deng
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chunbao Guo
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,4 Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
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Liao S, Jin X, Li J, Zhang T, Zhang W, Shi W, Fan S, Wang X, Wang J, Zhong B, Zhang Z. Effects of Silymarin, Glycyrrhizin, and Oxymatrine on the Pharmacokinetics of Ribavirin and Its Major Metabolite in Rats. Phytother Res 2016; 30:618-26. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; 27 Taiping Road Beijing 100850 China
| | - Xueyuan Jin
- The International Therapy Center for Liver Disease; Military 302 Hospital; Beijing 100039 China
| | - Jinglai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; 27 Taiping Road Beijing 100850 China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; 27 Taiping Road Beijing 100850 China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; 27 Taiping Road Beijing 100850 China
| | - Weiguo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; 27 Taiping Road Beijing 100850 China
| | - Shiyong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; 27 Taiping Road Beijing 100850 China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; 27 Taiping Road Beijing 100850 China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; 27 Taiping Road Beijing 100850 China
| | - Bohua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; 27 Taiping Road Beijing 100850 China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; 27 Taiping Road Beijing 100850 China
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Exploring the monocrotaline animal model for the study of pulmonary arterial hypertension: A network approach. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 35:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Li Y, Li XH, Yu ZX, Cai JJ, Billiar TR, Chen AF, Lv B, Chen ZY, Huang ZJ, Yang GP, Song J, Liu B, Yuan H. HIV protease inhibitors in pulmonary hypertension: rationale and design of a pilot trial in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2015; 5:538-46. [PMID: 26401255 DOI: 10.1086/682426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose an exploratory clinical study, the first of its kind to our knowledge, to determine the safety and potential clinical benefit of the combination of the HIV protease inhibitors (HIV-PIs) saquinavir and ritonavir (SQV+RIT) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). This study is based on evidence that (1) HIV-PIs can improve pulmonary hemodynamics in experimental models; (2) both Toll-like receptor 4 and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) participate in the pathogenesis of experimental pulmonary hypertension; and (3) a high-throughput screen for inhibitors of HMGB1-induced macrophage activation yielded HIV-PIs as potent inhibitors of HMGB1-induced cytokine production. In this proposed open-label, pre-post study, micro, low, and standard doses of SQV+RIT will be given to IPAH patients for 14 days. Patients will receive follow-up for the next 14 days. The primary outcome to be evaluated is change in HMGB1 level from baseline at 14 days. The secondary outcome is changes in tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, pulmonary arterial pressure based on echocardiography parameters and New York Heart Association/World Health Organization functional class, and Brog dyspnea scale index from baseline at 14 days. Other secondary measurements will include N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic peptide, and 6-minute walk distance. We propose that SQV+RIT treatment will improve inflammatory disorders and pulmonary hemodynamics in IPAH patients. If the data support a potentially useful therapeutic effect and suggest that SQV+RIT is safe in IPAH patients, the study will warrant further investigation. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02023450.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zai-Xin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alex F Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China ; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ben Lv
- Department of Hematology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China; and Center of Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Zi-Ying Chen
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Huang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ping Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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