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Hu Y, Zou W, Zhang L, Zhang S, Hu L, Song Z, Kong S, Gao Y, Zhang J, Yang Y, Zheng J. TRPV3 facilitates lipolysis and attenuates diet-induced obesity via activation of the NRF2/FSP1 signaling axis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 221:155-168. [PMID: 38777204 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channels play a crucial role in various cellular functions by regulating intracellular Ca2+ levels and have been extensively studied in the context of several metabolic diseases. However, the regulatory effects of TRPV3 in obesity and lipolysis are not well understood. In this study, utilizing a TRPV3 gain-of-function mouse model (TRPV3G568V/G568V), we assessed the metabolic phenotype of both TRPV3G568V/G568V mice and their control littermates, which were randomly assigned to either a 12-week high-fat diet or a control diet. We investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the role of TRPV3 in restraining obesity and promoting lipolysis both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings indicate that a high-fat diet led to significant obesity, characterized by increased epididymal and inguinal white adipose tissue weight and higher fat mass. However, the gain-of-function mutation in TRPV3 appeared to counteract these adverse effects by enhancing lipolysis in visceral fat through the upregulation of the major lipolytic enzyme, adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL). In vitro experiments using carvacrol, a TRPV3 agonist, demonstrated the promotion of lipolysis and antioxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes after TRPV3 activation. Notably, carvacrol failed to stimulate Ca2+ influx, lipolysis, and antioxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with BAPTA-AM, a cell-permeable calcium chelator. Our results revealed that TRPV3 activation induced the action of transcriptional factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), resulting in increased expression of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) and superoxide dismutase2 (SOD2). Moreover, the inhibition of NRF2 impeded carvacrol-induced lipolysis and antioxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, with downregulation of ATGL, FSP1, and SOD2. In summary, our study suggests that TRPV3 promotes visceral fat lipolysis and inhibits diet-induced obesity through the activation of the NRF2/FSP1 signaling axis. We propose that TRPV3 may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Hu
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shixuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linghan Hu
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongya Song
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenshen Kong
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Vašek D, Fikarová N, Marková VN, Honc O, Pacáková L, Porubská B, Somova V, Novotný J, Melkes B, Krulová M. Lipopolysaccharide pretreatment increases the sensitivity of the TRPV1 channel and promotes an anti-inflammatory phenotype of capsaicin-activated macrophages. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:17. [PMID: 38790047 PMCID: PMC11127439 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is well-established in neuronal function, yet its role in immune reactions remains enigmatic. The conflicting data on its inflammatory role, suggesting both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects upon TRPV1 stimulation in immune cells, adds complexity. To unravel TRPV1 immunomodulatory mechanisms, we investigated how the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin influences lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotypes. RESULTS Changes in the surface molecules, cytokine production, and signaling cascades linked to the phenotype of M1 or M2 macrophages of the J774 macrophage cell line and bone marrow-derived macrophages, treated with capsaicin before or after the LPS-induced inflammatory reaction were determined. The functional capacity of macrophages was also assessed by infecting the stimulated macrophages with the intracellular parasite Leishmania mexicana. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that TRPV1 activation yields distinct macrophage responses influenced by the inflammatory context. LPS pre-treatment followed by capsaicin activation prompted increased calcium influx, accompanied by a shift toward an anti-inflammatory M2b-like polarization state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vašek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Natálie Fikarová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Nagy Marková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Honc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Pacáková
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Bianka Porubská
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Somova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Melkes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Magdaléna Krulová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 2, 128 43, Czech Republic.
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Sun JY, Su Z, Yang J, Sun W, Kong X. The potential mechanisms underlying the modulating effect of perirenal adipose tissue on hypertension: Physical compression, paracrine, and neurogenic regulation. Life Sci 2024; 342:122511. [PMID: 38387699 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension, a prevalent global cardiovascular disease, affects approximately 45.4 % of adults worldwide. Despite advances in therapy, hypertension continues to pose a significant health risk due to inadequate management. It has been established that excessive adiposity contributes majorly to hypertension, accounting for 65 to 75 % of primary cases. Fat depots can be categorised into subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue based on anatomical and physiological characteristics. The metabolic impact and the risk of hypertension are determined more significantly by visceral fat. Perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT), a viscera enveloping the kidney, is known for its superior vascularisation and abundant innervation. Although traditionally deemed as a mechanical support tissue, recent studies have indicated its contributing potential to hypertension. Hypertensive patients tend to have increased PRAT thickness compared to those without, and there is a positive correlation between PRAT thickness and elevated systolic blood pressure. This review encapsulates the anatomical characteristics and biogenesis of PRAT. We provide an overview of the potential mechanisms where PRAT may modulate blood pressure, including physical compression, paracrine effects, and neurogenic regulation. PRAT has become a promising target for hypertension management, and continuous effort is required to further explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Sun
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhenyang Su
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Jiaming Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China.
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4
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Wang Y, Ye L. The Afferent Function of Adipose Innervation. Diabetes 2024; 73:348-354. [PMID: 38377447 PMCID: PMC10882147 DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue innervation is critical for regulating metabolic and energy homeostasis. While the sympathetic efferent innervation of fat is well characterized, the role of sensory or afferent innervation remains less explored. This article reviews previous work on adipose innervation and recent advances in the study of sensory innervation of adipose tissues. We discuss key open questions, including the physiological implications of adipose afferents in homeostasis as well as potential cross talk with sympathetic neurons, the immune system, and hormonal pathways. We also outline the general technical challenges of studying dorsal root ganglia innervating fat, along with emerging technologies that may overcome these barriers. Finally, we highlight areas for further research to deepen our understanding of the afferent function of adipose innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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5
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Karimi-Sales E, Mohaddes G, Alipour MR. Hepatoprotection of capsaicin in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:38-48. [PMID: 34396890 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1962913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common causes of chronic liver disease that share the range of steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally, hepatocellular carcinoma. They are identified by the dysregulation of disease-specific signalling pathways and unique microRNAs. Capsaicin is an active ingredient of chilli pepper that acts as an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1. It seems that the protective role of capsaicin against NAFLD and ALD is linked to its anti-steatotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects. Capsaicin-induced inhibiting metabolic syndrome and gut dysbiosis and increasing bile acids production are also involved in its anti-NAFLD role. This review summarises the different molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of capsaicin against NAFLD and ALD. More experimental studies are needed to clarify the effects of capsaicin on the expression of genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and hepatocytes apoptosis in NAFLD and ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Karimi-Sales
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Zhao XY, Wang JQ, Neely GG, Shi YC, Wang QP. Natural compounds as obesity pharmacotherapies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:797-838. [PMID: 38083970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a serious global public health problem, affecting over 988 million people worldwide. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies have proven inadequate. Natural compounds have garnered significant attention due to their potential antiobesity effects. Over the past three decades, ca. 50 natural compounds have been evaluated for the preventive and/or therapeutic effects on obesity in animals and humans. However, variations in the antiobesity efficacies among these natural compounds have been substantial, owing to differences in experimental designs, including variations in animal models, dosages, treatment durations, and administration methods. The feasibility of employing these natural compounds as pharmacotherapies for obesity remained uncertain. In this review, we systematically summarized the antiobesity efficacy and mechanisms of action of each natural compound in animal models. This comprehensive review furnishes valuable insights for the development of antiobesity medications based on natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Zou W, Zhang L, Hu Y, Gao Y, Zhang J, Zheng J. The role of TRPV ion channels in adipocyte differentiation: What is the evidence? Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3933. [PMID: 38269518 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disorder, and the incidence of obesity continues to rise at an alarming rate worldwide. In particular, the growing incidence of overweight and obesity in children is a major health concern. However, the underlying mechanisms of obesity remain unclear and the efficacy of several approaches for weight loss is limited. As an important calcium-permeable temperature-sensitive cation channel, transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channels directly participate in thermo-, mechano-, and chemosensory responses. Modulation of TRPV ion channel activity can alter the physiological function of the ion channel, leading to neurodegenerative diseases, chronic pain, cancer, and skin disorders. In recent years, increasing studies have demonstrated that TRPV ion channels are abundantly expressed in metabolic organs, including the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and central nervous system, which has been implicated in various metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes mellitus. In addition, as an important process for the pathophysiology of adipocyte metabolism, adipocyte differentiation plays a critical role in obesity. In this review, we focus on the role of TRPV ion channels in adipocyte differentiation to broaden the ideas for prevention and control strategies for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyan Hu
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Song L, Weng K, Bao Q, Wu J, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Zhang Y. TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis unveils uterine fluid difference in hens producing normal and pimpled eggs. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103081. [PMID: 37774518 PMCID: PMC10542640 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggshell is a crucial indicator of egg quality. Pimpled eggs (PE) a type of eggshell defect are characterized by low eggshell strength, leading to substantial financial losses. Eggshell formation occurs in the uterine fluid (UF), which contains the required ions and matrix proteins However, the underlying mechanisms of PE formation remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the egg quality of PE, and normal eggs (NE) by examining the differences in UF from hens producing PE and NE (n = 6 each). This 2-wk-long assessment involved histomorphological and proteomics analyses. The results showed that NE had better eggshell quality compared to PE, and the uterus structure in PE hens was conducive to the formation of PE. Using quantitative proteomic analysis, we identified 68 differential abundance proteins (DAPs) in the UF of PE hens, including 9 key proteins related to ion transport, protein synthesis and folding, and immunity. Downregulation of CALM1 and SCNN1G proteins in PE hens might have negatively affected the calcium signaling pathway, decreasing the calcium amount in UF. Additionally, the PHB1 and TSN proteins may affect eggshell formation by regulating immune responses. Taken together, our results provide insights into the mechanism of PE production, with potential applications for enhancing eggshell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaiqi Weng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Meza-Rios A, López-Villalobos EF, Anguiano-Sevilla LA, Ruiz-Quezada SL, Velazquez-Juarez G, López-Roa RI, Marin-Molina AL, Zepeda-Morales ASM. Effects of Foods of Mesoamerican Origin in Adipose Tissue and Liver-Related Metabolism. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1907. [PMID: 38003956 PMCID: PMC10672752 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue and liver metabolism play a key role in maintaining body homeostasis; therefore, their impairment conduces a pathological state. Nowadays, occidental lifestyle is a common etiological issue among a variety of chronic diseases, while diet is a unique strategy to prevent obesity and liver metabolism impairment and is a powerful player in the treatment of metabolic-related diseases. Mesoamerican foods are rich in bioactive molecules that enhance and improve adipose tissue and liver performance and represent a prophylactic and therapeutic alternative for disorders related to the loss of homeostasis in the metabolism of these two important tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Meza-Rios
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos y Bacteriológicos (Vinculación), Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías (CUCEI), Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (E.F.L.-V.); (A.L.M.-M.)
| | - Erika Fabiola López-Villalobos
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos y Bacteriológicos (Vinculación), Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías (CUCEI), Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (E.F.L.-V.); (A.L.M.-M.)
| | - Luis Alberto Anguiano-Sevilla
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán, No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (L.A.A.-S.); (S.L.R.-Q.)
| | - Sandra Luz Ruiz-Quezada
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán, No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (L.A.A.-S.); (S.L.R.-Q.)
| | - Gilberto Velazquez-Juarez
- Laboratorio de Análisis Fisicoquímicos Externos, Departamento de Química, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán, No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico;
| | - Rocío Ivette López-Roa
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacobiología, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán, No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico;
| | - Ana Laura Marin-Molina
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos y Bacteriológicos (Vinculación), Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías (CUCEI), Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (E.F.L.-V.); (A.L.M.-M.)
| | - Adelaida Sara Minia Zepeda-Morales
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos y Bacteriológicos (Vinculación), Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías (CUCEI), Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (E.F.L.-V.); (A.L.M.-M.)
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10
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Silva JL, Santos EA, Alvarez-Leite JI. Are We Ready to Recommend Capsaicin for Disorders Other Than Neuropathic Pain? Nutrients 2023; 15:4469. [PMID: 37892544 PMCID: PMC10609899 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, a lipophilic, volatile compound, is responsible for the pungent properties of chili peppers. In recent years, a significant increase in investigations into its properties has allowed the production of new formulations and the development of tools with biotechnological, diagnostic, and potential therapeutic applications. Most of these studies show beneficial effects, improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, inducing thermogenesis, and reducing white adipose tissue. Other mechanisms, including reducing food intake and improving intestinal dysbiosis, are also described. In this way, the possible clinical application of such compound is expanding every year. This opinion article aims to provide a synthesis of recent findings regarding the mechanisms by which capsaicin participates in the control of non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30161-970, MG, Brazil; (J.L.S.); (E.A.S.)
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11
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Sayedyahossein S, Thines L, Sacks DB. Ca 2+ signaling and the Hippo pathway: Intersections in cellular regulation. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110846. [PMID: 37549859 PMCID: PMC10529277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a master regulator of organ size and tissue homeostasis. Hippo integrates a broad range of cellular signals to regulate numerous processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and mechanosensation. Ca2+ is a fundamental second messenger that modulates signaling cascades involved in diverse cellular functions, some of which are also regulated by the Hippo pathway. Studies published over the last five years indicate that Ca2+ can influence core Hippo pathway components. Nevertheless, comprehensive understanding of the crosstalk between Ca2+ signaling and the Hippo pathway, and possible mechanisms through which Ca2+ regulates Hippo, remain to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize the multiple intersections between Ca2+ and the Hippo pathway and address the biological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sayedyahossein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louise Thines
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David B Sacks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Stocker SD, Sullivan JB. Deletion of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Channel Attenuates Sympathoexcitation and Hypertension and Improves Glomerular Filtration Rate in 2-Kidney-1-Clip Rats. Hypertension 2023; 80:1671-1682. [PMID: 37334698 PMCID: PMC10527253 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal denervation lowers arterial blood pressure in both clinical populations and multiple experimental models of hypertension. This therapeutic effect is partly attributed to the removal of overactive renal sensory nerves. The TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) channel is highly expressed in renal sensory nerves and detects changes in noxious and mechanosensitive stimuli, pH, and chemokines. However, the extent to which TRPV1 channels contribute to 2-kidney-1-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension has not been tested. METHODS We generated a novel Trpv1-/- (TRPV1 knockout) rat using CRISPR/Cas9 and 26-bp deletion in exon 3 and induced 2K1C hypertension. RESULTS The majority (85%) of rat renal sensory neurons retrogradely labeled from the kidney were TRPV1-positive. Trpv1-/- rats lacked TRPV1 immunofluorescence in the dorsal root ganglia, had a delayed tail-flick response to hot but not cold water, and lacked an afferent renal nerve activity response to intrarenal infusion of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin. Interestingly, 2K1C hypertension was significantly attenuated in male Trpv1-/- versus wild-type rats. 2K1C hypertension significantly increased the depressor response to ganglionic blockade, total renal nerve activity (efferent and afferent), and afferent renal nerve activity in wild-type rats, but these responses were attenuated in male Trpv1-/- rats. 2K1C hypertension was attenuated in female rats with no differences between female strains. Finally, glomerular filtration rate was reduced by 2K1C in wild-type rats but improved in Trpv1-/- rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that renovascular hypertension requires activation of the TRPV1 channel to elevate renal afferent and sympathetic nerve activity, reduce glomerular filtration rate, and increase arterial blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Stocker
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
| | - Jacob B Sullivan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
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13
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Lee YR, Lee HB, Kim Y, Shin KS, Park HY. Prebiotic and Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Radish Green Polysaccharide. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1862. [PMID: 37513035 PMCID: PMC10385334 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) greens are consumed as a source of nutrition, and their polysaccharides such as rhamnogalacturonan-I possess certain beneficial properties. This study investigated the prebiotic effects of a radish green polysaccharide (RGP) on gut health and obesity. The prebiotic activity of RGP was evaluated based on the pH changes and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration. The results showed that 0.5% RGP had a higher prebiotic activity score than inulin and increased SCFAs production in all five prebiotic strains. Moreover, RGP inhibited fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, indicating its potential to reduce obesity. Overall, these findings suggested that the polysaccharide of radish greens has prebiotic effects and may serve as a beneficial prebiotic for gut health and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ra Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Bin Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsook Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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14
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Vrânceanu M, Hegheş SC, Cozma-Petruţ A, Banc R, Stroia CM, Raischi V, Miere D, Popa DS, Filip L. Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals Involved in Body Weight Control by Modulating Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2273. [PMID: 37375898 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the most prevalent health problem in the Western world, with pathological body weight gain associated with numerous co-morbidities that can be the main cause of death. There are several factors that can contribute to the development of obesity, such as diet, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic make-up. Genetic predispositions play an important role in obesity, but genetic variations alone cannot fully explain the explosion of obesity, which is why studies have turned to epigenetics. The latest scientific evidence suggests that both genetics and environmental factors contribute to the rise in obesity. Certain variables, such as diet and exercise, have the ability to alter gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence, a phenomenon known as epigenetics. Epigenetic changes are reversible, and reversibility makes these changes attractive targets for therapeutic interventions. While anti-obesity drugs have been proposed to this end in recent decades, their numerous side effects make them not very attractive. On the other hand, the use of nutraceuticals for weight loss is increasing, and studies have shown that some of these products, such as resveratrol, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ginger, capsaicin, and caffeine, can alter gene expression, restoring the normal epigenetic profile and aiding weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vrânceanu
- Department of Toxicology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona-Codruţa Hegheş
- Department of Drug Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruţ
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Banc
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmina Mariana Stroia
- Department of Pharmacy, Oradea University, 1 Universităţii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Viorica Raischi
- Laboratory of Physiology of Stress, Adaptation and General Sanocreatology, Institute of Physiology and Sanocreatology, 1 Academiei Street, 2028 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Wang Y, Ye L. Somatosensory innervation of adipose tissues. Physiol Behav 2023; 265:114174. [PMID: 36965573 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes has led to a greater interest in adipose tissue physiology. Adipose tissue is now understood as an organ with endocrine and thermogenic capacities in addition to its role in fat storage. It plays a critical role in systemic metabolism and energy regulation, and its activity is tightly regulated by the nervous system. Fat is now recognized to receive sympathetic innervation, which transmits information from the brain, as well as sensory innervation, which sends information into the brain. The role of sympathetic innervation in adipose tissue has been extensively studied. However, the extent and the functional significance of sensory innervation have long been unclear. Recent studies have started to reveal that sensory neurons robustly innervate adipose tissue and play an important role in regulating fat activity. This brief review will discuss both historical evidence and recent advances, as well as important remaining questions about the sensory innervation of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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16
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Zhou Q, Wang Y, Lu Z, He C, Li L, You M, Wang L, Cao T, Zhao Y, Li Q, Mou A, Shu W, He H, Zhao Z, Liu D, Zhu Z, Gao P, Yan Z. Cx43 acts as a mitochondrial calcium regulator that promotes obesity by inducing the polarization of macrophages in adipose tissue. Cell Signal 2023; 105:110606. [PMID: 36681290 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages initiates the polarization of pro-inflammatory macrophages that exacerbates adipocyte dysfunction and obesity. The imbalance of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis impairs mitochondrial function and promotes inflammation. Connexin 43 (Cx43), a ubiquitous gap junction protein, has been demonstrated to regulate intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Here we explored whether macrophage Cx43 affects the obesity process by regulating the polarization of macrophage. HFD treatment induced obesity and exacerbated macrophages infiltration with upregulation of macrophages Cx43. Macrophage-specific knockout of Cx43 reduced HFD-induced obesity by alleviating inflammation in adipose tissue, with less pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage infiltration. Consistently, inhibition or knockdown of Cx43 improved palmitic acid (PA) induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by improved oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), reduced formation of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Mechanistically, Cx43 interacted with the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and knockdown of Cx43 alleviated PA-induced succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) oxidation by lowering MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, which then, promoting the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. Thus, this study identified Cx43 as a mitochondrial Ca2+ regulator that aggravates obesity via promoting macrophages polarized to M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype and suggests that Cx43 might be a promising therapeutic target antagonizing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongshi Lu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengkang He
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei You
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingbing Cao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Aidi Mou
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Wentao Shu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoyan Liu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhencheng Yan
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Zhu Y, Ouyang Z, Du H, Wang M, Wang J, Sun H, Kong L, Xu Q, Ma H, Sun Y. New opportunities and challenges of natural products research: When target identification meets single-cell multiomics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4011-4039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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18
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Huang M, Song A, Chen X, Ishtiaq S, Wang C, Hadsell DL, Wang QA, Zhu Y. Maternal Adipocyte Connexin43 Gap Junctions Affect Breastmilk Lactose Levels and Neonate Growth in Mice. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071023. [PMID: 36101404 PMCID: PMC9311998 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Breastfeeding offers many health benefits for both mothers and infants. However, overnutrition and a steady increase in obesity in the U.S. has made it harder for many mothers to produce and express breastmilk. Moreover, the quality of breastmilk from obese mothers is frequently compromised in that it contains fewer nutrients and more inflammatory components. In this study, we used mice to model this phenomenon. We found that short-term high-fat feeding at the start of breeding reduces litter size and pups’ body weight. It also impairs adipocyte remodeling during lactation. Connexin43 is the primary building block for gap junctions in the adipose tissue. It is postulated to play an essential role in adipose tissue remodeling to accommodate mammary gland development and breastmilk production. Using genetically engineered mice without Connexin43 in their adipocytes, we demonstrated that the deletion of adipocyte Connexin43 affects the disappearance of adipocytes during lactation and affects milk composition, which is postulated to impair the pups’ growth. Altogether, this study suggests that increasing or enhancing adipocyte Connexin43 gap junctions may help obese mothers produce better breastmilk to support their neonates. Abstract Breastfeeding offers a broad spectrum of health benefits for infants. However, overnutrition and a steady increase in maternal obesity in the U.S. have made it harder for many mothers to produce and express breastmilk, and the quality of milk from obese mothers is also frequently compromised. Adipocytes, the primary cell type in the non-lactating breast, display a drastic morphological and functional change during lactation in mice. Lipid-filled adipocytes undergo lipolysis, and lipid droplets disappear to provide fatty acids and energy for breastmilk production. Once the animal stops lactation, these lipid-depleted adipocytes return as lipid-laden cells. This dynamic remodeling of the tissue is likely the result of active intercellular communications. Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most abundant connexin in the mammary adipose tissue that makes up the gap junctions for direct intercellular communications. Its expression is increased during lactation and reduced in obese mammary adipose tissue, which is resistant to lactation-induced remodeling. However, whether Cx43 is required for adipocyte remodeling and breastmilk production to support neonates’ growth has not been established. In this study, we used doxycycline-inducible adipocyte-specific Cx43-deleted mice and demonstrated that adipocyte Cx43 played a vital role in determining the carbohydrate levels in breastmilk, which may subsequently affect neonates’ growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Huang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (X.C.); (S.I.); (C.W.); (D.L.H.)
| | - Anying Song
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Xi Chen
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (X.C.); (S.I.); (C.W.); (D.L.H.)
| | - Sarah Ishtiaq
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (X.C.); (S.I.); (C.W.); (D.L.H.)
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (X.C.); (S.I.); (C.W.); (D.L.H.)
| | - Darryl L. Hadsell
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (X.C.); (S.I.); (C.W.); (D.L.H.)
| | - Qiong A. Wang
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- Correspondence: (Q.A.W.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +1-626-256-4673 (Q.A.W.); +1-713-798-0378 (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Zhu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (X.C.); (S.I.); (C.W.); (D.L.H.)
- Correspondence: (Q.A.W.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +1-626-256-4673 (Q.A.W.); +1-713-798-0378 (Y.Z.)
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19
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Zhou F, Metzner K, Engel P, Balzulat A, Sisignano M, Ruth P, Lukowski R, Schmidtko A, Lu R. Slack Potassium Channels Modulate TRPA1-Mediated Nociception in Sensory Neurons. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101693. [PMID: 35626730 PMCID: PMC9140117 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) ankyrin type 1 (TRPA1) channel is highly expressed in a subset of sensory neurons where it acts as an essential detector of painful stimuli. However, the mechanisms that control the activity of sensory neurons upon TRPA1 activation remain poorly understood. Here, using in situ hybridization and immunostaining, we found TRPA1 to be extensively co-localized with the potassium channel Slack (KNa1.1, Slo2.2, or Kcnt1) in sensory neurons. Mice lacking Slack globally (Slack−/−) or conditionally in sensory neurons (SNS-Slack−/−) demonstrated increased pain behavior after intraplantar injection of the TRPA1 activator allyl isothiocyanate. By contrast, pain behavior induced by the TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activator capsaicin was normal in Slack-deficient mice. Patch-clamp recordings in sensory neurons and in a HEK cell line transfected with TRPA1 and Slack revealed that Slack-dependent potassium currents (IKS) are modulated in a TRPA1-dependent manner. Taken together, our findings highlight Slack as a modulator of TRPA1-mediated, but not TRPV1-mediated, activation of sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.Z.); (K.M.); (P.E.); (A.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Katharina Metzner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.Z.); (K.M.); (P.E.); (A.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Patrick Engel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.Z.); (K.M.); (P.E.); (A.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Annika Balzulat
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.Z.); (K.M.); (P.E.); (A.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (P.R.); (R.L.)
| | - Robert Lukowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (P.R.); (R.L.)
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.Z.); (K.M.); (P.E.); (A.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Ruirui Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.Z.); (K.M.); (P.E.); (A.B.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-798-29377
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20
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Beneficial effects of dietary capsaicin in gastrointestinal health and disease. Exp Cell Res 2022; 417:113227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Tyagi S, Shekhar N, Thakur AK. Protective Role of Capsaicin in Neurological Disorders: An Overview. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1513-1531. [PMID: 35150419 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Different pathological conditions that begin with slow and progressive deformations, cause irreversible affliction by producing loss of neurons and synapses. Commonly it is referred to as 'protein misfolding' diseases or proteinopathies and comprises the latest definition of neurological disorders (ND). Protein misfolding dynamics, proteasomal dysfunction, aggregation, defective degradation, oxidative stress, free radical formation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, impaired bioenergetics, DNA damage, neuronal Golgi apparatus fragmentation, axonal transport disruption, Neurotrophins (NTFs) dysfunction, neuroinflammatory or neuroimmune processes, and neurohumoral changes are the several mechanisms that embark the pathogenesis of ND. Capsaicin (8-Methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) one of the major phenolic components in chili peppers (Capsicum) distinctively triggers the unmyelinated C-fiber and acts on Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1, which is a Ca2+ permeable, non-selective cation channel. Several studies have shown the neuroprotective role of capsaicin against oxidative damage, behavioral impairment, with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced Parkinson's disease, pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures, global cerebral ischemia, and streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease. Based on these lines of evidence, capsaicin can be considered as a potential constituent to develop suitable neuro-pharmacotherapeutics for the management and treatment of ND. Furthermore, exploring newer horizons and carrying out proper clinical trials would help to bring out the promising effects of capsaicin to be recommended as a neuroprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Tyagi
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India
| | - Nikhila Shekhar
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Thakur
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India.
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22
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Lien CC, Yin WH, Yang DM, Chen LK, Chen CW, Liu SY, Kwok CF, Ho LT, Juan CC. Endothelin-1 induces lipolysis through activation of the GC/cGMP/Ca 2+/ERK/CaMKIII pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159071. [PMID: 34748972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictive peptide produced and secreted mainly by endothelial cells. Recent studies indicate that ET-1 can regulate lipid metabolism, which may increase the risk of insulin resistance. Our previous studies revealed that ET-1 induced lipolysis in adipocytes, but the underlying mechanisms were unclear. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to investigate the effect of ET-1 on lipolysis and the underlying mechanisms. Glycerol levels in the incubation medium and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) phosphorylation were used as indices for lipolysis. ET-1 significantly increased HSL phosphorylation and lipolysis, which were completely inhibited by ERK inhibitor (PD98059) and guanylyl cyclase (GC) inhibitor (LY83583). LY83583 reduced ET-1-induced ERK phosphorylation. A Ca2+-free medium and PLC inhibitor caused significant decreases in ET-1-induced lipolysis as well as ERK and HSL phosphorylation, and IP3 receptor activator (D-IP3) increased lipolysis. ET-1 increased cGMP production, which was not affected by depletion of extracellular Ca2+. On the other hand, LY83583 diminished the ET-1-induced Ca2+ influx. Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV-1) antagonist and shRNA partially inhibited ET-1-induced lipolysis. ET-1-induced lipolysis was completely suppressed by CaMKIII inhibitor (NH-125). These results indicate that ET-1 stimulates extracellular Ca2+ entry and activates the intracellular PLC/IP3/Ca2+ pathway through a cGMP-dependent pathway. The increased cytosolic Ca2+ that results from ET-1 treatment stimulates ERK and HSL phosphorylation, which subsequently induces lipolysis. ET-1 induces HSL phosphorylation and lipolysis via the GC/cGMP/Ca2+/ERK/CaMKIII signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chan Lien
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, College of Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsian Yin
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - De-Ming Yang
- Institute of Biophotonics, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Luen-Kui Chen
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Chen
- College of Human Development and Health, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Yu Liu
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fai Kwok
- Division of Metabolism, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Low-Tone Ho
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Juan
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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23
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Wang Y, Leung VH, Zhang Y, Nudell VS, Loud M, Servin-Vences MR, Yang D, Wang K, Moya-Garzon MD, Li VL, Long JZ, Patapoutian A, Ye L. The role of somatosensory innervation of adipose tissues. Nature 2022; 609:569-574. [PMID: 36045288 PMCID: PMC9477745 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissues communicate with the central nervous system to maintain whole-body energy homeostasis. The mainstream view is that circulating hormones secreted by the fat convey the metabolic state to the brain, which integrates peripheral information and regulates adipocyte function through noradrenergic sympathetic output1. Moreover, somatosensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia innervate adipose tissue2. However, the lack of genetic tools to selectively target these neurons has limited understanding of their physiological importance. Here we developed viral, genetic and imaging strategies to manipulate sensory nerves in an organ-specific manner in mice. This enabled us to visualize the entire axonal projection of dorsal root ganglia from the soma to subcutaneous adipocytes, establishing the anatomical underpinnings of adipose sensory innervation. Functionally, selective sensory ablation in adipose tissue enhanced the lipogenic and thermogenetic transcriptional programs, resulting in an enlarged fat pad, enrichment of beige adipocytes and elevated body temperature under thermoneutral conditions. The sensory-ablation-induced phenotypes required intact sympathetic function. We postulate that beige-fat-innervating sensory neurons modulate adipocyte function by acting as a brake on the sympathetic system. These results reveal an important role of the innervation by dorsal root ganglia of adipose tissues, and could enable future studies to examine the role of sensory innervation of disparate interoceptive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.413575.10000 0001 2167 1581Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - Verina H. Leung
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.413575.10000 0001 2167 1581Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - Victoria S. Nudell
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Meaghan Loud
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.413575.10000 0001 2167 1581Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - M. Rocio Servin-Vences
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.413575.10000 0001 2167 1581Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - Dong Yang
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Kristina Wang
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Maria Dolores Moya-Garzon
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Veronica L. Li
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Long
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA.
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24
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Yang XD, Ge XC, Jiang SY, Yang YY. Potential lipolytic regulators derived from natural products as effective approaches to treat obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1000739. [PMID: 36176469 PMCID: PMC9513423 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemic obesity is contributing to increases in the prevalence of obesity-related metabolic diseases and has, therefore, become an important public health problem. Adipose tissue is a vital energy storage organ that regulates whole-body energy metabolism. Triglyceride degradation in adipocytes is called lipolysis. It is closely tied to obesity and the metabolic disorders associated with it. Various natural products such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids regulate lipolysis and can promote weight loss or improve obesity-related metabolic conditions. It is important to identify the specific secondary metabolites that are most effective at reducing weight and the health risks associated with obesity and lipolysis regulation. The aims of this review were to identify, categorize, and clarify the modes of action of a wide diversity of plant secondary metabolites that have demonstrated prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against obesity by regulating lipolysis. The present review explores the regulatory mechanisms of lipolysis and summarizes the effects and modes of action of various natural products on this process. We propose that the discovery and development of natural product-based lipolysis regulators could diminish the risks associated with obesity and certain metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ding Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing-Cheng Ge
- Xiangxing College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Si-Yi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Yueyang Vocational Technical College, YueYang, China
| | - Yong-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Central of Translational Medical and Innovative Drug, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Yu Yang,
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25
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Ávila DL, Nunes NAM, Almeida PHRF, Gomes JAS, Rosa COB, Alvarez-Leite JI. Signaling Targets Related to Antiobesity Effects of Capsaicin: A Scoping Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2232-2243. [PMID: 34171094 PMCID: PMC8634413 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new antiobesogenic agents is increasing because of the current obesity pandemic. Capsaicin (Caps), an exogenous agonist of the vanilloid receptor of transient potential type 1 (TRPV1), has shown promising results in the treatment of obesity. This scoping review aims to verify the pathways mediating the effects of Caps in obesity and the different methods adopted to identify these pathways. The search was carried out using data from the EMBASE, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. Studies considered eligible evaluated the mechanisms of action of Caps in obesity models or cell types involved in obesity. Nine studies were included and 100% (n = 6) of the in vivo studies showed a high risk of bias. Of the 9 studies, 66.6% (n = 6) administered Caps orally in the diet and 55.5% (n = 5) used a concentration of Caps of 0.01% in the diet. In vitro, the most tested concentration was 1 μM (88.9%; n = 8). Capsazepine was the antagonist chosen by 66.6% (n = 6) of the studies. Seven studies (77.8%) linked the antiobesogenic effects of Caps to TRPV1 activation and 3 (33.3%) indicated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) involvement as an upstream connection to TRPV1, rather than a direct metabolic target of Caps. The main secondary effects of Caps were lower weight gain (33.3%; n = 3) or loss (22.2%; n = 2), greater improvement in lipid profile (33.3%; n = 3), lower white adipocyte adipogenesis (33.3%; n = 3), browning process activation (44.4%; n = 4), and higher brown adipocyte activity (33.3%; n = 3) compared with those of the control treatment. Some studies have shown that PPAR agonists modulate TRPV1 activity, and no study has evaluated the simultaneous antagonism of these 2 receptors. Consequently, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of each of these signaling molecules in the antiobesogenic effects of Caps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Ávila
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Núbia A M Nunes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo H R F Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicamentos e Assistência Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia Social, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana A S Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carla O B Rosa
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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26
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González-Casanova JE, Durán-Agüero S, Caro-Fuentes NJ, Gamboa-Arancibia ME, Bruna T, Bermúdez V, Rojas-Gómez DM. New Insights on the Role of Connexins and Gap Junctions Channels in Adipose Tissue and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212145. [PMID: 34830025 PMCID: PMC8619175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the inability to curb the excessive increase in the prevalence of obesity and overweight, it is necessary to comprehend in more detail the factors involved in the pathophysiology and to appreciate more clearly the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of obesity. Thus, understanding the biological regulation of adipose tissue is of fundamental relevance. Connexin, a protein that forms intercellular membrane channels of gap junctions and unopposed hemichannels, plays a key role in adipogenesis and in the maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis. The expression and function of Connexin 43 (Cx43) during the different stages of the adipogenesis are differentially regulated. Moreover, it has been shown that cell–cell communication decreases dramatically upon differentiation into adipocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of Cx43 degradation or constitutive overexpression of Cx43 blocks adipocyte differentiation. In the first events of adipogenesis, the connexin is highly phosphorylated, which is likely associated with enhanced Gap Junction (GJ) communication. In an intermediate state of adipocyte differentiation, Cx43 phosphorylation decreases, as it is displaced from the membrane and degraded through the proteasome; thus, Cx43 total protein is reduced. Cx is involved in cardiac disease as well as in obesity-related cardiovascular diseases. Different studies suggest that obesity together with a high-fat diet are related to the production of remodeling factors associated with expression and distribution of Cx43 in the atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Enrique González-Casanova
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile; (J.E.G.-C.); (N.J.C.-F.)
| | - Samuel Durán-Agüero
- Facultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7500000, Chile;
| | - Nelson Javier Caro-Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile; (J.E.G.-C.); (N.J.C.-F.)
| | - Maria Elena Gamboa-Arancibia
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Tamara Bruna
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Ejercito 146, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia;
| | - Diana Marcela Rojas-Gómez
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370321, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-226618559
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27
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Weng G, Duan Y, Zhong Y, Song B, Zheng J, Zhang S, Yin Y, Deng J. Plant Extracts in Obesity: A Role of Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:727951. [PMID: 34631766 PMCID: PMC8495072 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.727951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become one of the most serious chronic diseases threatening human health. Its occurrence and development are closely associated with gut microbiota since the disorders of gut microbiota can promote endotoxin production and induce inflammatory response. Recently, numerous plant extracts have been proven to mitigate lipid dysmetabolism and obesity syndrome by regulating the abundance and composition of gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize the potential roles of different plant extracts including mulberry leaf extract, policosanol, cortex moutan, green tea, honokiol, and capsaicin in regulating obesity via gut microbiota. Based on the current findings, plant extracts may be promising agents for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related metabolic diseases, and the mechanisms might be associated with gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Oral Capsaicinoid Administration Alters the Plasma Endocannabinoidome and Fecal Microbiota of Reproductive-Aged Women Living with Overweight and Obesity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091246. [PMID: 34572432 PMCID: PMC8471891 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicinoids, the pungent principles of chili peppers and prototypical activators of the transient receptor potential of the vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channel, which is a member of the expanded endocannabinoid system known as the endocannabinoidome (eCBome), counteract food intake and obesity. In this exploratory study, we examined the blood and stools from a subset of the participants in a cohort of reproductive-aged women with overweight/obesity who underwent a 12-week caloric restriction of 500 kcal/day with the administration of capsaicinoids (two capsules containing 100 mg of a capsicum annuum extract (CAE) each for a daily dose of 4 mg of capsaicinoids) or a placebo. Samples were collected immediately before and after the intervention, and plasma eCBome mediator levels (from 23 participants in total, 13 placebo and 10 CAE) and fecal microbiota taxa (from 15 participants in total, 9 placebo and 6 CAE) were profiled using LC-MS/MS and 16S metagenomic sequencing, respectively. CAE prevented the reduced caloric-intake-induced decrease in beneficial eCBome mediators, i.e., the TRPV1, GPR119 and/or PPARα agonists, N-oleoyl-ethanolamine, N-linoleoyl-ethanolamine and 2-oleoyl-glycerol, as well as the anti-inflammatory N-acyl-ethanolamines N-docosapentaenyl-ethanolamine and N-docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine. CAE produced few but important alterations in the fecal microbiota, such as an increased relative abundance of the genus Flavonifractor, which is known to be inversely associated with obesity. Correlations between eCBome mediators and other potentially beneficial taxa were also observed, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of the existence of a link between the eCBome and the gut microbiome in obesity.
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29
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Calcium supplementation relieves high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis by reducing energy metabolism and promoting lipolysis. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 94:108645. [PMID: 33838230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease affecting the health of many people worldwide. Previous studies have shown that dietary calcium supplementation may alleviate NAFLD, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study investigating the effect of calcium on hepatic lipid metabolism, 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups (n = 6): (1) mice given a normal chow containing 0.5% calcium (CN0.5), (2) mice given a normal chow containing 1.2% calcium (CN1.2), (3) mice given a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 0.5% calcium (HFD0.5), and (4) mice fed a HFD containing 1.2% calcium (HFD1.2). To understand the underlying mechanism, cells were treated with oleic acid and palmitic acid to mimic the HFD conditions in vitro. The results showed that calcium alleviated the increase in triglyceride accumulation induced by oleic acid and/or palmitic acid in HepG2, AML12, and primary hepatocyte cells. Our data demonstrated that calcium supplementation alleviated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis through increased liver lipase activity, proving calcium is involved in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. Moreover, calcium also increased the level of glycogen in the liver, and at the same time had the effect of reducing glycolysis and promoting glucose absorption. Calcium addition increased calcium levels in the mitochondria and cytoplasm. Taken together, we concluded that calcium supplementation could relieve HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by changing energy metabolism and lipase activity.
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30
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Activation of Cx43 Hemichannels Induces the Generation of Ca 2+ Oscillations in White Adipocytes and Stimulates Lipolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158095. [PMID: 34360859 PMCID: PMC8347185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanisms of Ca2+ oscillation generation upon activation of connexin-43 and regulation of the lipolysis/lipogenesis balance in white adipocytes through vesicular ATP release. With fluorescence microscopy it was revealed that a decrease in the concentration of extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]ex) results in two types of Ca2+ responses in white adipocytes: Ca2+ oscillations and transient Ca2+ signals. It was found that activation of the connexin half-channels is involved in the generation of Ca2+ oscillations, since the blockers of the connexin hemichannels-carbenoxolone, octanol, proadifen and Gap26-as well as Cx43 gene knockdown led to complete suppression of these signals. The activation of Cx43 in response to the reduction of [Ca2+]ex was confirmed by TIRF microscopy. It was shown that in response to the activation of Cx43, ATP-containing vesicles were released from the adipocytes. This process was suppressed by knockdown of the Cx43 gene and by bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of vacuolar ATPase. At the level of intracellular signaling, the generation of Ca2+ oscillations in white adipocytes in response to a decrease in [Ca2+]ex occurred due to the mobilization of the Ca2+ ions from the thapsigargin-sensitive Ca2+ pool of IP3R as a result of activation of the purinergic P2Y1 receptors and phosphoinositide signaling pathway. After activation of Cx43 and generation of the Ca2+ oscillations, changes in the expression levels of key genes and their encoding proteins involved in the regulation of lipolysis were observed in white adipocytes. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in the number of adipocytes containing lipid droplets, while inhibition or knockdown of Cx43 led to inhibition of lipolysis and accumulation of lipid droplets. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of Ca2+ oscillation generation in white adipocytes in response to a decrease in the concentration of Ca2+ ions in the external environment and established an interplay between periodic Ca2+ modes and the regulation of the lipolysis/lipogenesis balance.
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31
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Murugan DD, Balan D, Wong PF. Adipogenesis and therapeutic potentials of antiobesogenic phytochemicals: Insights from preclinical studies. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5936-5960. [PMID: 34219306 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in both developed and developing countries in recent years. While lifestyle and diet modifications are the most important management strategies of obesity, these may be insufficient to ensure long-term weight reduction in certain individuals and alternative strategies including pharmacotherapy need to be considered. However, drugs option remains limited due to low efficacy and adverse effects associated with their use. Hence, identification of safe and effective alternative therapeutic agents remains warranted to combat obesity. In recent years, bioactive phytochemicals are considered as valuable sources for the discovery of new pharmacological agents for the treatment of obesity. Adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia increases with obesity and undergo molecular and cellular alterations that can affect systemic metabolism giving rise to metabolic syndrome and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Many phytochemicals have been reported to target adipocytes by inhibiting adipogenesis, inducing lipolysis, suppressing the differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes, reducing energy intake, and boosting energy expenditure mainly in vitro and in animal studies. Nevertheless, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of these phytochemicals. This review outlines common pathways involved in adipogenesis and phytochemicals targeting effector molecules of these pathways, the challenges faced and the way forward for the development of phytochemicals as antiobesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmani Devi Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dharvind Balan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Baskaran P, Nazminia K, Frantz J, O’Neal J, Thyagarajan B. Mice lacking endogenous TRPV1 express reduced levels of thermogenic proteins and are susceptible to diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1768-1781. [PMID: 33977527 PMCID: PMC8277693 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel protein expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Although TRPV1 is implicated in thermogenesis and diet-induced obesity (DIO), its precise role remains controversial. TRPV1-/- mice are protected from DIO, while TRPV1 activation enhances thermogenesis to prevent obesity. To reconcile this, we fed wild-type and TRPV1-/- mice for 32 weeks with normal chow or a high-fat diet and analyzed the weight gain, metabolic activities, and thermogenic protein expression in white and brown fats. TRPV1-/- mice became obese, exhibited reduced locomotor activity, reduced energy expenditure, enhanced hepatic steatosis, and decreased thermogenic protein expression in adipose tissues. Our data reveal that lack of TRPV1 does not prevent obesity, but rather enhances metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmamalini Baskaran
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82072
| | - Kara Nazminia
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82072
| | - Justine Frantz
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82072
| | - Jessica O’Neal
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82072
| | - Baskaran Thyagarajan
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82072
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Sun W, Luo Y, Zhang F, Tang S, Zhu T. Involvement of TRP Channels in Adipocyte Thermogenesis: An Update. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686173. [PMID: 34249940 PMCID: PMC8264417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence became a severe global health problem and it is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a major site of mammalian non-shivering thermogenesis or energy dissipation. Thus, modulation of BAT thermogenesis might be a promising application for body weight control and obesity prevention. TRP channels are non-selective calcium-permeable cation channels mainly located on the plasma membrane. As a research focus, TRP channels have been reported to be involved in the thermogenesis of adipose tissue, energy metabolism and body weight regulation. In this review, we will summarize and update the recent progress of the pathological/physiological involvement of TRP channels in adipocyte thermogenesis. Moreover, we will discuss the potential of TRP channels as future therapeutic targets for preventing and combating human obesity and related-metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuping Sun
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yixuan Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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34
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Li Q, Tan YQ, Cheung KK, Chiu-Leung LC, Leung LK. The mycoestrogen zeranol at high dosage antagonizes transient receptor potential channel activities in 3T3 L1 cells. Toxicol Lett 2021; 344:18-25. [PMID: 33689779 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have revealed that exposure to environmental contaminants may result in obesity and pose a health threat to the general public. As the activity of transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) plays a permissive role in adipogenesis, the interactions between TRPs and some food pollutants, i.e. bisphenol A, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, zearalenone, and zeranol at 10 μM were investigated in the present study. TRP-V1,-V3, -C4 and -C6 are reported to be differentially expressed in the adipocyte differentiation, and immunoblotting was performed to quantify changes in these TRPs affected by the pollutants. Our result indicated that the mycoestrogen zeranol or α-zearalanol suppressed the expression of the V1 and C6 isoforms. Subsequently, confocal microscopy was used to measure the calcium inflow repressed by zeranol from 0.1 μM to 10 μM. Oil Red O staining was used to determine the differentiation of 3T3 L1 preadipocytes. Zeranol could suppress the expression of TRP-V1 and -C6 protein and inhibit the associated flow of calcium into the cytosol of 3T3 L1 cells. Its IC50 value for inhibiting calcium inflow stimulated by 40 μM capsaicin or 10 μM GSK1702934A was estimated to be around 6 μM. Reduced TRP-V1 or -C6 activity might result in promoting adipogenesis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that zeranol could potentiate fat cell differentiation through antagonizing TRP-V1 and -C6 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Yan Qin Tan
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Kam Kuen Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Leo C Chiu-Leung
- Marine Science, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Lai K Leung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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35
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Otto M, Bucher C, Liu W, Müller M, Schmidt T, Kardell M, Driessen MN, Rossaint J, Gross ER, Wagner NM. 12(S)-HETE mediates diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction by activating intracellular endothelial cell TRPV1. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4999-5010. [PMID: 32584793 DOI: 10.1172/jci136621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes develop endothelial dysfunction shortly after diabetes onset that progresses to vascular disease underlying the majority of diabetes-associated comorbidities. Increased lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial calcium overload, and mitochondrial dysfunction are characteristics of dysfunctional endothelial cells in diabetic patients. We here identified that targeting the lipid peroxidation product 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid-induced [12(S)-HETE-induced] activation of the intracellularly located cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in endothelial cells is a means to causally control early-stage vascular disease in type I diabetic mice. Mice with an inducible, endothelium-specific 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15Lo) knockout were protected similarly to TRPV1-knockout mice from type 1 diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction and impaired vascular regeneration following arterial injury. Both 12(S)-HETE in concentrations found in diabetic patients and TRPV1 agonists triggered mitochondrial calcium influx and mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells, and 12(S)-HETE effects were absent in endothelial cells from TRPV1-knockout mice. As a therapeutic consequence, we found that a peptide targeting 12(S)-HETE-induced TRPV1 interaction at the TRPV1 TRP box ameliorated diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction and augmented vascular regeneration in diabetic mice. Our findings suggest that pharmacological targeting of increased endothelial lipid peroxidation can attenuate diabetes-induced comorbidities related to vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Otto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, and
| | - Clarissa Bucher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, and
| | - Wantao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, and
| | - Melanie Müller
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, and
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, and.,Institute of Physiology I, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marina Kardell
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, and
| | | | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, and
| | - Eric R Gross
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Jia X, Yu T, Xiao C, Sheng D, Yang M, Cheng Q, Wu J, Lian T, Zhao Y, Zhang S. Expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid genes and proteins in diabetic rat heart. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1217-1223. [PMID: 33523372 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac complications are leading causes of death in diabetic patients. Imbalance of Ca2+ homeostasis is a hallmark of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes, while TRPV channels are non-selective for cations and are permeable to Ca2+. Our aim was to evaluate the expression levels of TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPV5, and TRPV6 genes and proteins in cardiac tissue at 3 days and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after induction of diabetes. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to control and DM groups. DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The expression levels of TRPV genes were analyzed by the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and TRPV proteins were determined by western blotting. Compared to controls, the expression levels of TRPV2, TRPV3, and TRPV6 in diabetic myocardium did not change, while TRPV1 decreased at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, TRPV4 was upregulated at 3 days and 4, 8, and 12 weeks, TRPV5 mRNA increased at 8 and 12 weeks, and TRPV5 protein increased at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Our findings showed that TRPV1, TRPV4, and TRPV5 are associated with the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Jia
- Department of Physiology, Medical Science College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Chao Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Medical Science College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Deqiao Sheng
- Department of Physiology, Medical Science College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Mengcheng Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical Science College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Quanyi Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Medical Science College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical Science College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ting Lian
- Department of Physiology, Medical Science College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Medical Science College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical Science College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
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Laolob T, Bunyapraphatsara N, Waranuch N, Pongcharoen S, Punyain W, Chancharunee S, Sakchaisri K, Pratuangdejkul J, Chongruchiroj S, Kielar F, Wichai U. Enhancement of Lipolysis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Nitroarene Capsaicinoid Analogs. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20987949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation by capsaicin binding increased intracellular calcium influx and stimulated adipocyte-to-adipocyte communication, leading to lipolysis. Generally, enhancement of π-stacking capabilities improves certain binding interactions. Notably, nitroarenes exhibit strong binding interactions with aromatic amino acid side chains in proteins. New capsaicinoid analogs were designed by substitution of the OCH3 group with a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) group on the vanillyl ring to investigate how π-stacking interactions in capsaicinoid analogs contribute to lipolysis. Capsaicinoid analogs, nitro capsaicin (5), and nitro dihydrocapsaicin (6) were prepared in moderate yields via coupling of a nitroaromatic amine salt and fatty acids. Oil Red O staining and triglyceride assays with 10 µM loading of capsaicin (CAP), dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), 5, and 6 were performed to investigate their effect on lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Both assay results indicated that 5 and 6 decreased lipid accumulation by 13.6% and 14.7%, respectively, and significantly reduced triglyceride content by 26.9% and 28.4%, respectively, in comparison with the control experiment. Furthermore, the decrease in triglyceride content observed in response to nitroarene capsaicinoid analogs was approximately 2-folds higher than that of CAP and DHC. These results arose from the NO2 group augmented π-π stacking with Tyr511 and the attractive charge interaction with Glu570 affecting binding interactions with TRPV1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanet Laolob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | - Neti Waranuch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wikorn Punyain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Chancharunee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Krisada Sakchaisri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sumet Chongruchiroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Uthai Wichai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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38
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Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide issue and is accompanied by serious complications. Western high energy diet has been identified to be a major factor contributing to the current obesity pandemic. Thus, it is important to optimize dietary composition, bioactive substances, and agents to prevent and treat obesity. To date, extracts from plants, such as vegetables, tea, fruits, and Chinese herbal medicine, have been showed to have the abilities of regulating adipogenesis and attenuating obesity. These plant extracts mainly contain polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which could play a significant role in anti-obesity through various signaling pathways and gut microbiota. Those reported anti-obesity mechanisms mainly include inhibiting white adipose tissue growth and lipogenesis, promoting lipolysis, brown/beige adipose tissue development, and muscle thermogenesis. In this review, we summarize the plant extracts and their possible mechanisms responsible for their anti-obesity effects. Based on the current findings, dietary plant extracts and foods containing these bioactive compounds can be potential preventive or therapeutic agents for obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jin-Zhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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39
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Wang R, You YM, Liu X. Effect of Zanthoxylum alkylamides on lipid metabolism and its mechanism in rats fed with a high-fat diet. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13548. [PMID: 33270233 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed at exploring the effect of Zanthoxylum alkylamides on lipid metabolism and its potential mechanisms using high-fat diet rat model. Treatment with Zanthoxylum alkylamides for 6 weeks, food efficiency and atherogenic index of the low, medium, and high doses of Zanthoxylum alkylamides-treated groups were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the histopathological structure of the livers showed that hepatic steatosis in the groups treated with Zanthoxylum alkylamides was reduced, particularly the HD group. Moreover, the related genes were studied, such as, liver X receptor (LXR), cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), hepatic 3-hydroxyl-2-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), ileal bile acid-binding protein (IBABP), sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), and transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype1 (TRPV1). These results demonstrated that Zanthoxylum alkylamides could ameliorate abnormal lipid metabolism in rats fed with a high-fat diet. The underlying mechanism may be the downregulation of the expression levels of cholesterol synthesis and bile acid reabsorption-related genes, reduction of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and increase in bile acid and neutral sterol excretion. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: High-energy diet is a potential risk of lipid metabolic disorder. Many studies have shown that hyperlipidemia can lead to atherosclerosis and even hemangioma, cerebral thrombosis, coronary heart disease, and other diseases, which seriously threaten human health. Therefore, seeking an effective and safe way to prevent the obesity-related disease is necessary. This research found that Zanthoxylum alkylamide could ameliorate abnormal lipid metabolism in rats fed with a high-fat diet. The underlying mechanism may be the downregulation of the expression levels of cholesterol synthesis and ileal absorption of bile acid genes, reduction of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and increase in bile acid and neutral sterol excretion. Therefore, Zanthoxylum alkylamide has the potential for preventing or alleviating high-energy intake-related obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Ming You
- College of Forestry and Life Sciences, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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40
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Capsaicin and Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235681. [PMID: 33276488 PMCID: PMC7730216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is a widespread spice known for its analgesic qualities. Although a comprehensive body of evidence suggests pleiotropic benefits of capsaicin, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, metabolic, or cardioprotective effects, it is frequently avoided due to reported digestive side-effects. As the gut bacterial profile is strongly linked to diet and capsaicin displays modulatory effects on gut microbiota, a new hypothesis has recently emerged about its possible applicability against widespread pathologies, such as metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The present review explores the capsaicin–microbiota crosstalk and capsaicin effect on dysbiosis, and illustrates the intimate mechanisms that underlie its action in preventing the onset or development of pathologies like obesity, diabetes, or inflammatory bowel diseases. A possible antimicrobial property of capsaicin, mediated by the beneficial alteration of microbiota, is also discussed. However, as data are coming mostly from experimental models, caution is needed in translating these findings to humans.
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Abstract
As an important second messenger in adipocytes, calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential in regulating various intracellular signalling pathways that control critical cellular functions. Calcium channels show selective permeability to Ca2+ and facilitate Ca2+ entry into the cytoplasm, which are normally located in the plasmatic and intracellular membranes. The increase of cytosolic Ca2+ modulates a variety of signalling pathways and results in the transcription of target genes that contribute to adipogenesis, a key cellular event includes proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte. In the past decades, the involvement of some Ca2+-permeable ion channels, such as Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-gated calcium channels and others, in adipogenesis has been extensively explored. In the present review, we provided a summary of the expression and contributions of these Ca2+-permeable channels in mediating Ca2+ influxes that drive adipogenesis. Moreover, we discussed their potentials as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhai
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dazhi Yang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihong Yi
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wuping Sun
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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42
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Shin MK, Yang SM, Han IS. Capsaicin suppresses liver fat accumulation in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD mice. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:214-219. [PMID: 33029298 PMCID: PMC7473188 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2020.1810771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary capsaicin exhibits anti-steatosis activity in obese mice. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice is a highly studied approach to develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we determined whether the topical application of capsaicin can improve lesions of NAFLD. The HFD-induced mice were treated with daily topical application of capsaicin for 8 weeks. Topical application of capsaicin reduced liver fat in HFD-fed mice. Capsaicin stimulated carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-1 and CD36 expression, which are associated with β-oxidation and fatty acids influx of liver while it decreased the expression of key enzymes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, such as acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the elevated level of adiponectin in liver tissue of the capsaicin-treated mice. These results suggest that the topical application of capsaicin suppresses liver fat accumulation through the upregulation of β-oxidation and de novo lipogenesis in HFD-induced NAFLD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Shin
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Man Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - In-Seob Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
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43
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Inprasit C, Huang YC, Lin YW. Evidence for acupoint catgut embedding treatment and TRPV1 gene deletion increasing weight control in murine model. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:779-792. [PMID: 31922226 PMCID: PMC7015137 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem affecting the general population. Acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) is an alternative treatment that involves the implantation of absorbable catgut suture at acupoints. The transient receptor vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1) is a calcium ion channel that responds to several chemical ligands and is identified in numerous locations throughout the body. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of ACE treatment on obesity and its associated complications through various neural mechanisms in a murine model. A C57/BL6 wild type (WT) and TRPV1‑/‑ (KO) mouse model was utilized to exclude any psychological factors associated with obesity. The WT‑HFD‑ACE and WT‑HFD‑SHAM groups received weekly ACE or placebo treatments at the bilateral ST36 acupoint. The mice were fed with a normal mice chow diet (ND) or a high‑fat food diet (HFD; 45 kcal%), and their body weights were recorded once a week. After 8 weeks, the subjects were sacrificed and changes in the levels of a number of biomarkers were investigated using ELISA, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. The results indicated a significant decrease in body weight variation for the WT‑HFD‑ACE group compared with the WT‑HFD and WT‑HFD‑SHAM groups, using the WT‑ND group as the body weight baseline. By contrast, KO mice fed with ND or HFD demonstrated notable body weight maintenance throughout the experimental period. Similar patterns were observed in adipose tissue mass, glucose, leptin and insulin plasma levels, and protein molecule density of TRPV1 and its associated molecules in the hypothalamus and nucleus tractus solitarii. In contrast, in the prefrontal cortex, significant decreases in the concentrations of MAPK pathway proteins in the WT‑HFD and WT‑HFD‑SHAM groups were observed. The levels of these proteins were significantly increased in the WT‑HFD‑ACE and KO‑HFD groups. These results suggested that TRPV1 and its associated pathways may be involved in body weight maintenance, and may be controlled through ACE treatment or genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanya Inprasit
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University
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44
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Wang Y, Tang C, Tang Y, Yin H, Liu X. Capsaicin has an anti-obesity effect through alterations in gut microbiota populations and short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:3525. [PMID: 32180694 PMCID: PMC7054644 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Capsaicin (CAP) has an anti-obesity effect that has been shown to involve the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channel. Importantly, recent studies in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice show that CAP also alters gut microbiota composition and causes weight loss in HFD-fed mice. Many studies have suggested that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mediate the links between diet, gut microbiota, and fat storage. Objective The present study investigated whether CAP exerted its anti-obesity effect through changes in the composition of gut microbiota and SCFAs, and whether the TRPV1 contributes to CAP’s effects against obesity in HFD-fed mice. Design C57BL/6J (TRPV1+/+) and B6.129X1-Trpv1tm1Jul/J (TRPV1-/-) mice were respectively divided into three groups (n = 6),that is SLD, HFD-fed, and CAP (2 mg/kg, po) +HFD fed and were administered respective treatment for 12 weeks. Results We observed significantly lower weight gain and food intake, triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels in HFD+CAP-fed TRPV1knockout (KO) mice compared to the HFD-fed KO mice, though this effect was more obvious in wild-type (WT) mice. CAP increased the numbers of Akkermansia, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Allobaculum, Coprococcus, and S24-7, and reduced the numbers of Desulfovibrio, Escherichia, Helicobacter, and Sutterella in the HFD+CAP-fed WT and KO mice compared with HFD-fed WT and KO mice. CAP increased the relative abundances of SCFAs producing the bacterial species, which increased intestinal acetate and propionate concentrations, which were beneficial in prevention and treatment of obesity. Conclusions Results from our study indicate that the reduced food intake and anti-obesity effect of CAP had been observed regardless of TRPV1 channel activation, and which is mediated by changes in the gut microbiota populations and SCFAs concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Tang
- College of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Yin
- School of Acupuncture, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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45
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Nishimura Y, Fukuda Y, Okonogi T, Yoshikawa S, Karasuyama H, Osakabe N, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T, Adachi T. Dual real-time in vivo monitoring system of the brain-gut axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:340-345. [PMID: 31996305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The brain-gut axis which is an interaction between recognition and emotion and the gut sensory system for food and microbiota is important for health. However, there is no real-time monitoring system of the brain and the gut simultaneously so far. We attempted to establish a dual real-time monitoring system for the brain-gut axis by a combination of intravital Ca2+ imaging of the gut and electroencephalogram. Using a conditional Yellow Cameleon 3.60 expression mouse line, we performed intravital imaging of the gut, electrophysiological recordings of the vagus nerve, and electroencephalogram recordings of the various cortical regions simultaneously upon capsaicin stimuli as a positive control. Upon capsaicin administration into the small intestinal lumen, a simultaneous response of Ca2+ signal in the enteric nervous system and cortical local field potentials (LFPs) was successfully observed. Both of them responded immediately upon capsaicin stimuli. Capsaicin triggered a significant increase in the frequency of vagus nerve spikes and a significant decrease in the slow-wave power of cortical LFPs. Furthermore, capsaicin induced delayed and sustained Ca2+ signal in intestinal epithelial cells and then suppressed intestinal motility. The dual real-time monitoring system of the brain and the gut enables to dissect the interaction between the brain and the gut over time with precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yota Fukuda
- Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, 337-5780, Japan; Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Toya Okonogi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan; Department of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Naomi Osakabe
- Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, 337-5780, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takahiro Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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46
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Li R, Lan Y, Chen C, Cao Y, Huang Q, Ho CT, Lu M. Anti-obesity effects of capsaicin and the underlying mechanisms: a review. Food Funct 2020; 11:7356-7370. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01467b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of anti-obesity effects of capsaicin in cell models, rodent models and human subjects were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Yaqi Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Chengyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
| | - Muwen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
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47
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Baskaran P, Markert L, Bennis J, Zimmerman L, Fox J, Thyagarajan B. Assessment of Pharmacology, Safety, and Metabolic activity of Capsaicin Feeding in Mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8588. [PMID: 31197191 PMCID: PMC6565628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) activates transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1) to counter high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Several studies suggest that CAP induces the browning of white adipocytes in vitro or inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) in vivo. However, there is a lack of data on the dose-response for CAP to inhibit HFD-induced obesity. Therefore, we first performed experiments to correlate the effect of various doses of CAP to prevent HFD-induced weight gain in wild-type (WT) mice. Next, we performed a subchronic safety study in WT mice fed a normal chow diet (NCD ± CAP, 0.01% in NCD) or HFD ± CAP (0.01% in HFD) for eight months. We analyzed the expression of adipogenic and thermogenic genes and proteins in the iWAT from these mice, conducted histological studies of vital organs, measured the inflammatory cytokines in plasma and iWAT, and evaluated liver and kidney functions. The dose-response study showed that CAP, at doses above 0.001% in HFD, countered HFD-induced obesity in mice. However, no difference in the anti-obesity effect of CAP was observed at doses above 0.003% in HFD. Also, CAP, above 0.001%, enhanced the expression of sirtuin-1 and thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) in the iWAT. Safety analyses suggest that CAP did not cause inflammation. However, HFD elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase and creatinine, caused iWAT hypertrophy and hepatic steatosis, and CAP reversed these. Our data suggest that CAP antagonizes HFD-induced metabolic stress and inflammation, while it does not cause any systemic toxicities and is well tolerated by mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurel Markert
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Jane Bennis
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Liesl Zimmerman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Jonathan Fox
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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48
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Small molecules for fat combustion: targeting obesity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:220-236. [PMID: 30976490 PMCID: PMC6438825 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing in an alarming rate worldwide, which causes higher risks of some diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Current therapeutic approaches, either pancreatic lipase inhibitors or appetite suppressors, are generally of limited effectiveness. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige cells dissipate fatty acids as heat to maintain body temperature, termed non-shivering thermogenesis; the activity and mass of BAT and beige cells are negatively correlated with overweight and obesity. The existence of BAT and beige cells in human adults provides an effective weight reduction therapy, a process likely to be amenable to pharmacological intervention. Herein, we combed through the physiology of thermogenesis and the role of BAT and beige cells in combating with obesity. We summarized the thermogenic regulators identified in the past decades, targeting G protein-coupled receptors, transient receptor potential channels, nuclear receptors and miscellaneous pathways. Advances in clinical trials were also presented. The main purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge from the biological importance of thermogenesis in energy homeostasis to the representative thermogenic regulators for treating obesity. Thermogenic regulators might have a large potential for further investigations to be developed as lead compounds in fighting obesity.
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Key Words
- AKT, protein kinase B
- ALDH9, aldehyde dehydrogenase 9
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BA, bile acids
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BMP8b, bone morphogenetic protein 8b
- Beige cells
- Brown adipose tissue
- C/EBPα, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α
- CLA, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid
- CRABP-II, cellular RA binding protein type II
- CRE, cAMP response element
- Cidea, cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor α-like effector A
- Dio2, iodothyronine deiodinase type 2
- ERE, estrogen response element
- ERs, estrogen receptors
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21
- GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptors
- HFD, high fat diet
- LXR, liver X receptors
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- Obesity
- PDEs, phosphodiesterases
- PET-CT, positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PPARs, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
- PPREs, peroxisome proliferator response elements
- PRDM16, PR domain containing 16
- PTP1B, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- RA, retinoic acid
- RAR, RA receptor
- RARE, RA response element
- RMR, resting metabolic rate
- RXR, retinoid X receptor
- SIRT1, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1
- SNS, sympathetic nervous system
- TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A
- TMEM26, transmembrane protein 26
- TRPs, transient receptor potential cation channels
- Thermogenesis
- UCP1, uncoupling protein 1
- Uncoupling protein 1
- VDR, vitamin D receptor
- VDRE, VDR response elements
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- β3-AR, β3-adrenergic receptor
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49
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Sarkar P, Thirumurugan K. Modulatory functions of bioactive fruits, vegetables and spices in adipogenesis and angiogenesis. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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50
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Uchida K, Sun W, Yamazaki J, Tominaga M. Role of Thermo-Sensitive Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Brown Adipose Tissue. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1135-1144. [PMID: 30068861 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes are a major site of mammalian non-shivering thermogenesis and energy dissipation. Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure and has become a worldwide health problem. Therefore modulation of thermogenesis in brown and beige adipocytes could be an important application for body weight control and obesity prevention. Over the last few decades, the involvement of thermo-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (including TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM4, TRPM8, TRPC5, and TRPA1) in energy metabolism and adipogenesis in adipocytes has been extensively explored. In this review, we summarize the expression, function, and pathological/physiological contributions of these TRP channels and discuss their potential as future therapeutic targets for preventing and combating human obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunitoshi Uchida
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College.,Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
| | - Wuping Sun
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences
| | - Jun Yamazaki
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
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